Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
XR is more than the sum of AR, VR, and MR

Extended reality XR as the latest reality enhancement technology is regarded by many as the sum of augmented reality AR, virtual reality VR and mixed reality MR. However, this article argues otherwise. This article discusses the misconceptions of LED-based XR as the sum of AR, VR and MR. Although MR is still the combined form of AR and VR, their focuses are different from the LED-based XR. While the common features of AR, VR and MR mostly focus on the different treatments of environment as reality, their limitations lay on their inability to integrate real-time high resolution video of human figures. VR is also limited by computing power. More advanced motion and other sensory capture devices are not inaccessible to regular VR consumers. VR users can only see real-time characters or avatars in low polygon resolution. While MR is still the sum of AR and VR by combining virtual reality with the physical world, MR is not equipped with high resolution camera to achieve the real time integration of photo realistic image in the mixed reality. With some exceptional cases, most of these AR, VR and even MR are typically for the interactive experience of one single user at a time while others can only observe through the projection system. On the other hand, LED-based XR with its real time integration of high resolution camera is designed not for one single user. With motion capture devices integrated in the system, characters can interact among themselves and with the virtual environment. XR also has the power to integrate the immersive features of AR, VR and MR but more. The key feature of LED-based XR can place a high resolution moving human figure or avatar inside the virtual world real-time. However, LED-based XR is not without its limitations. This article focuses on discussing the strengths and weakness of LED-based XR and how it can achieve more than the sum of AR, VR, and MR.
The Efficiency of Augmented Pointing with and Without Speech in a Collaborative Virtual Environment

Pointing is a ubiquitous part of human communication. However, pointing gestures to distal referents are often misunderstood systematically, which may limit the usefulness of pointing. We examined pointing-based communication in a collaborative virtual environment (CVE) to address three questions. First, we wanted to evaluate the potential of apparently natural but technically augmented pointing in CVEs, such as presenting a warped pointer for increased legibility or the ability to assume the pointer’s perspective. Second, we wanted to test whether technical improvements in pointing accuracy also facilitate communication if pointing is accompanied by speech. Third, we wanted to check whether pointing accuracy is correlated with the efficiency of communication involving pointing and speech. An experiment revealed that pointing-based communication has considerable potential to be enhanced in CVEs, albeit the specific augmentation procedure we employed did not improve pointing-based communication. Importantly, improvements in pointing accuracy also facilitated communication when speech was allowed. Thereby, speech reduced but could not rule out misunderstandings. Finally, even a small gain in pointing accuracy allowed participants to agree on a referent faster. In summary, the experiment suggests that augmented pointing may considerably improve interactions in CVEs. Moreover, speech cannot fully compensate misunderstandings of pointing gestures and relatively small differences in pointing accuracy affect the efficiency of communication of speech is allowed.
The Impact of Smart Glasses on Commissioning Efficiency Depends on the Display Device Used

As the digitalization of the industry moves forward, some technologies are awarded the role of high-impact technologies, which could change the way this industry works for good, setting new standards for productivity. Popular literature and everyday news feed often deem smart glasses as one of these critical technologies to change the world of many industries, especially the world of logistics. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of utilizing smart glasses on work process and efficiency in the context of order picking in a controlled laboratory setting. A study comparing the errors and performance rates of 26 adults in a simulated picking task using three different smart glasses, a tablet, and a handheld scanner for visual instructions was conducted. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to examine the commissioning times. On average, the fewest errors were made with the tablet. Regarding the assistance systems, the fastest gripping time corresponded to the tablet (9.57 s ± 2.16 s). In the statistical analysis, there were significant differences between the smart glasses in terms of picking and gripping times. The observed effects presented in this study are dependent on the hardware implementation. This means that the results of other studies on the efficiency of smart glasses must be thoroughly evaluated, focusing on the model type, and should not be generalized to smart glasses in the logistics industry.
Beyond Problem-solving: Exploring Design Modes for Children’s Medical Care Service and Experience

Driven by great passion of designing for the real world, College of Design and Innovation , Tongji University, reached out to Shanghai Children’s Medical Center in 2014 and established collaboration regarding this plan. We attempts to understand the cause for the children’s ‘crying’ and thus identify what could be done to solve the problems. By introducing and analysing this eight-year exploration, We found that following the traditional problem-solving was not a good solution to the communication problem between children patients and doctors. this paper attempts to understand and reframe the design modes in the context of designing for children’s medical care service and experience, We established a new design model of an IP-based communication system for children patients, the parents and the doctors, providing space for further discussion and practice.
Kneading Design System: 3D Modelling Study Tool with Emotional Value for Non-Specialists

The purpose of this study is to introduce a Kneading Design System, that is, a design tool that enables "hands" mediated 3D modelling studies, and to explore what kind of value users can perceive by using this tool. Kneading Design System is implemented using parametric design techniques, with a physical interface allowing users to explore the solution by actually touching it with their hands. The tool allows non-experts to intuitively deform the 3D model by providing input through a physical device with clay-like affordances. The physical device can detect the pressure exerted by the user's touch and use the transformed and accumulated parameters in order to change the shape of the drawn object, allowing the user to touch and explore a large solution space. Technically, the tool is a combination of parametric design and a tangible user interface, nevertheless, it is unique in its "direct hand touch" aspect. Experiments were conducted to characterize explored solutions by comparing the proposed tool with a text-based 3D generative model. The experimental results showed that the solutions explored using "hands" were "more unexpectedly shaped for the user" and had "more emotional value" than those explored using text. It was also found that the emotional values explored by the proposed tool are based on internalizations such as selfhood. Although the proposed tool is targeted at 3D modelling, this design methodology can be applied to other domains. This paper we also describe a new design vision for applying the concept of the proposed tool.
TECHNOLOGIES OF BIG DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING - THE BASIS FOR INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF PRIMARY INFORMATION ABOUT ROCK MASSIFS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL DEPOSITS AND TECHNOGENIC FORMATIONS

The article describes modern technologies of big data yrocessing in the deyosits of solid minerals. The approaches to the management of primary information from various sources in the development of deposits are considered. The article identifies the advantages of this technology over the currently used methods of primary data processing. The structure of big data analytical systems is developed. This structure provides increased reliability of geological information in the development of natural deposits and technogenic formations. Relationships between primary data and secondary data are described. Proper processing of primary data will increase the reliability of determining the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of minerals.
In Conversation with Stefano Cipolla

Discussing the relationship between visual design and information architecture and his redesign of "L'Espresso" with Stefano Cipolla
Liu Jianya and Guo Liang: “The carbon footprint of the metaverse can be reduced”

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Comparative Evaluation of Second-Class Lever Principle Based Single-Axis Solar Tracking System and Conventional System

This article presented the comparative study of the second-class lever principle single-axis solar tracking system (SCLPSAST) with the fixed solar axis (FSA) system. The SCLPSAST system continuously tracks the sun regardless of atmospheric conditions from sunrise to sunset. This SCLPSAST system is a cost effective and straightforward solar tracking system built with negligible operational costs. The Photovoltaic (PV) panel are directed towards the sun throughout the year without using any additional power. The main advantage is that an external motor is not required to control the solar panel. A detailed performance evaluation of the SCLPSAST system is carried out for 90 days (from Jan 2022 to Mar 2022) with the FSA system. Finally, the working functionality, efficiency improvement, and experimental consequences of the SCLPSAST system are detailed. SCLPSAST and the fixed solar system generated 8.92 kWh and 7.03 kWh, respectively, which is around 26.87% more energy than the FSA system.
(1+1)-CMA-ES with Margin for Discrete and Mixed-Integer Problems

The covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) is an efficient continuous black-box optimization method. The CMA-ES possesses many attractive features, including invariance properties and a well-tuned default hyperparameter setting. Moreover, several components to specialize the CMA-ES have been proposed, such as noise handling and constraint handling. To utilize these advantages in mixed-integer optimization problems, the CMA-ES with margin has been proposed. The CMA-ES with margin prevents the premature convergence of discrete variables by the margin correction, in which the distribution parameters are modified to leave the generation probability for changing the discrete variable. The margin correction has been applied to (μ/μw,Λ)-CMA-ES, while this paper introduces the margin correction into (1+1)-CMA-ES, an elitist version of CMA-ES. The (1+1)-CMA-ES is often advantageous for unimodal functions and can be computationally less expensive. To tackle the performance deterioration on mixed-integer optimization, we use the discretized elitist solution as the mean of the sampling distribution and modify the margin correction not to move the elitist solution. The numerical simulation using benchmark functions on mixed-integer, integer, and binary domains shows that (1+1)-CMA-ES with margin outperforms the CMA-ES with margin and is better than or comparable with several specialized methods to a particular search domain.
A Study on the Silla Royal Family’s Tax Receipt and Labor Force Requisition in the Middle Ancient Period

This article aims to shed light on the historical and pedagogical implications of history education as a political tool through the active intervention of political power in history textbooks. First, we identified the nature of the 2008 "Korean Modern History Textbook Attack" and the 2015 "Nationalization of History Textbooks" incidents. A series of textbook attacks during the Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun governments built the conservatives' case for regaining political power and eventually led to the Lee Myung-bak administration. The Park Geun-hye administration that followed went beyond the “textbook attack” and nationalized history textbooks, regressing to the past in order to dominate the future. Next, we reviewed the historical and educational implications of the textbook attacks and the nationalization of history textbooks. It is important to note that history education in schools has historically represented the interests of ethnic groups, nations, or political factions. It is time to shift from 'history education for whom' to 'history education for all'. History education should be 'history education for all' that embraces the citizens of a democratic republic and even the citizens of the world. It is time for history education to take on the responsibility of historicizing memory while pursuing the public nature of scholarship and education so that the conflict over the education of Korean modern history can become an opportunity to strengthen and solidify the soil of citizenship and democracy in our society.
Extraction of Timbre Features of Ethnic Plucked Instruments

Aiming at the problems that the existing timbre feature extraction algorithms are not targeted, the accuracy of extracted features is not high, and the characterization of features is not strong, a characterization strategy for the timbre features of ethnic plucked instruments is given, and based on this strategy, a timbre feature extraction scheme for ethnic plucked instruments is designed. The scheme first calculates the low energy and brightness of ethnic plucked instruments to obtain the time domain features of ethnic plucked instruments; then calculates the Constant Q Cepstral Coefficients of ethnic plucked instruments to obtain the frequency domain features of ethnic plucked instruments, and uses the obtained time domain features and frequency domain features of ethnic plucked instruments to represent their timbre features. The experimental results show that the timbre feature extraction scheme designed in this paper can effectively extract the timbre features of folk plucked instruments, and the extracted timbre features can better identify different folk plucked instruments.
UWB-IMU Pose Estimation for Roadheader Based on Machine Learning

Abastact- The roadheader is an important equipment for mining coal underground, and precise positioning is the key technology for the intelligentization of the roadheader. This paper proposes a machine learning-based ultra wide band-inertial measurement unit (UWB-IMU) positioning method for the roadheader. By fitting the nonlinear transformation relationship between the 16 ranging values of UWB, 2 attitude angles of IMU, and the position and yaw angle of the roadheader using machine learning, the three-axis position average absolute error of the method is less than 0.10m, and the average absolute error of the three-axis attitude angle is less than 1°, which meets the positioning requirements of the roadway roadheader according to experimental verification.
On the Post-quantum Security of Classical Authenticated Encryption Schemes

We study the post-quantum security of authenticated encryption (AE) schemes, designed with classical security in mind. Under superposition attacks, many CBC-MAC variants have been broken, and AE modes employing those variants, such as EAX and GCM, thus fail at authenticity. As we show, the same modes are IND-qCPA insecure, i.e., they fail to provide privacy under superposition attacks. However, a constrained version of GCM is IND-qCPA secure, and a nonce-based variant of the CBC-MAC is secure under superposition queries. Further, the combination of classical authenticity and classical chosen-plaintext privacy thwarts attacks with superposition chosen-ciphertext and classical chosen-plaintext queries – a security notion that we refer to as IND-qdCCA. And nonce-based key derivation allows generically turning an IND-qdCCA secure scheme into an IND-qCCA secure scheme.
MinRank in the Head

In recent years, many digital signature scheme proposals have been built from the so-called MPC-in-the-head paradigm. This has shown to be an outstanding way to design efficient signatures with security based on hard problems. MinRank is an NP-complete problem extensively studied due to its applications to cryptanalysis since its introduction in 1999. However, only a few schemes base their security on its intractability, and their signature size is large compared with other proposals based on NP problems. This paper introduces the first MinRank-based digital signature scheme that uses the MPC-in-the-head paradigm, allowing to achieve small signature sizes and running times. For NIST’s category I parameter set, we obtain signatures of 6.5KB, which is competitive with the shortest proposals in the literature that are based on non-structured problems.
From Unbalanced to Perfect: Implementation of Low Energy Stream Ciphers

Low energy is an important aspect of hardware implementation. For energy-limited battery-powered devices, low energy stream ciphers can play an important role. In IACR ToSC 2021, Caforio et al. proposed the Perfect Tree energy model for stream cipher that links the structure of combinational logic circuits with state update functions to energy consumption. In addition, a metric given by the model shows a negative correlation with energy consumption, i.e., the higher the balance of the perfect tree, the lower the energy consumption. However, Caforio et al. didn’t give a method that eliminate imbalances of the unrolled strand tree for the existing stream ciphers. In this paper, based on the Perfect Tree energy model, we propose a new redundant design model that improve the balances of the unrolled strand tree for the purpose of reducing energy consumption. In order to obtain the redundant design, we propose a search algorithm for returning the corresponding implementation scheme. For the existing stream ciphers, the proposed model and search method can be used to provide a low-power redundancy design scheme. To verify the effectiveness, we apply our redundant model and search method in the stream ciphers (e.g., Trivium and Kreyvium) and conducted a synthetic test. The results of the energy measurement demonstrate that the proposed model and search method can obtain lower energy consumption.
Invertible Quadratic Non-linear Functions over $$\mathbb {F}_p^n$$ via Multiple Local Maps

The construction of invertible non-linear layers over $$\mathbb {F}_p^n$$ that minimize the multiplicative cost is crucial for the design of symmetric primitives targeting Multi Party Computation (MPC), Zero-Knowledge proofs (ZK), and Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). At the current state of the art, only few non-linear functions are known to be invertible over $$\mathbb {F}_p$$ , as the power maps $$x\mapsto x^d$$ for $$\gcd (d,p-1)=1$$ . When working over $$\mathbb {F}_p^n$$ for $$n\ge 2$$ , a possible way to construct invertible non-linear layers $$\mathcal S$$ over $$\mathbb {F}_p^n$$ is by making use of a local map $$F:\mathbb {F}_p^m\rightarrow \mathbb {F}_p$$ for $$m\le n$$ , that is, $$\mathcal S_F(x_0, x_1, \ldots , x_{n-1}) = y_0\Vert y_1\Vert \ldots \Vert y_{n-1}$$ where $$y_i = F(x_i, x_{i+1}, \ldots , x_{i+m-1})$$ . This possibility has been recently studied by Grassi, Onofri, Pedicini and Sozzi at FSE/ToSC 2022. Given a quadratic local map $$F:\mathbb {F}_p^m \rightarrow \mathbb {F}_p$$ for $$m\in \{1,2,3\}$$ , they proved that the shift-invariant non-linear function $$\mathcal S_F$$ over $$\mathbb {F}_p^n$$ defined as before is never invertible for any $$n\ge 2\cdot m-1$$ . In this paper, we face the problem by generalizing such construction. Instead of a single local map, we admit multiple local maps, and we study the creation of nonlinear layers that can be efficiently verified and implemented by a similar shift-invariant lifting. After formally defining the construction, we focus our analysis on the case $$\mathcal S_{F_0, F_1}(x_0, x_1, \ldots , x_{n-1}) = y_0\Vert y_1\Vert \ldots \Vert y_{n-1}$$ for $$F_0, F_1 :\mathbb {F}_p^2\rightarrow \mathbb {F}_p$$ of degree at most 2. This is a generalization of the previous construction using two alternating functions $$F_0,F_1$$ instead of a single F. As main result, we prove that (i) if $$n\ge 3$$ , then $$\mathcal S_{F_0, F_1}$$ is never invertible if both $$F_0$$ and $$F_1$$ are quadratic, and that (ii) if $$n\ge 4$$ , then $$\mathcal S_{F_0, F_1}$$ is invertible if and only if it is a Type-II Feistel scheme.
Poseidon2: A Faster Version of the Poseidon Hash Function

Zero-knowledge proof systems for computational integrity have seen a rise in popularity in the last couple of years. One of the results of this development is the ongoing effort in designing so-called arithmetization-friendly hash functions in order to make these proofs more efficient. One of these new hash functions, Poseidon, is extensively used in this context, also thanks to being one of the first constructions tailored towards this use case. Many of the design principles of Poseidon have proven to be efficient and were later used in other primitives, yet parts of the construction have shown to be expensive in real-word scenarios. In this paper, we propose an optimized version of Poseidon, called Poseidon2. The two versions differ in two crucial points. First, Poseidon is a sponge hash function, while Poseidon2 can be either a sponge or a compression function depending on the use case. Secondly, Poseidon2 is instantiated by new and more efficient linear layers with respect to Poseidon. These changes allow to decrease the number of multiplications in the linear layer by up to $$90\%$$ and the number of constraints in Plonk circuits by up to $$70\%$$ . This makes Poseidon2 the currently fastest arithmetization-oriented hash function without lookups. Besides that, we address a recently proposed algebraic attack and propose a simple modification that makes both Poseidon and Poseidon2 secure against this approach.
Quantum Search-to-Decision Reduction for the LWE Problem

The learning with errors (LWE) problem is one of the fundamental problems in cryptography and it has many applications in post-quantum cryptography. There are two variants of the problem, the decisional-LWE problem, and the search-LWE problem. LWE search-to-decision reduction shows that the hardness of the search-LWE problem can be reduced to the hardness of the decisional-LWE problem. The efficiency of the reduction can be regarded as the gap in difficulty between the problems. We initiate a study of quantum search-to-decision reduction for the LWE problem and propose a reduction that satisfies sample-preserving. In sample-preserving reduction, it preserves all parameters even the number of instances. Especially, our quantum reduction invokes the distinguisher only 2 times to solve the search-LWE problem, while classical reductions require a polynomial number of invocations. Furthermore, we give a way to amplify the success probability of the reduction algorithm. Our amplified reduction works with fewer LWE samples compared to the classical reduction that has a high success probability. Our reduction algorithm supports a wide class of error distributions and also provides a search-to-decision reduction for the learning parity with noise problem. In the process of constructing the search-to-decision reduction, we give a quantum Goldreich-Levin theorem over $$\mathbb {Z}_q$$ where q is prime. In short, this theorem states that, if a hardcore predicate $$a\cdot s \pmod q$$ can be predicted with probability distinctly greater than 1/q with respect to a uniformly random $$a\in \mathbb {Z}_q^n$$ , then it is possible to determine $$s\in \mathbb {Z}_q^n$$ .