Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Urgency of E-Books Based Multimodal Approach Towards Reading Motivation for Elementary School Students

Reading motivation is an important predictor of reading achievement in elementary school. Electronic book or digital book is one of the media that students can always access by technological assistance. This study aims to determine the urgency and potential of developing a teaching material product in the form of E-Book based multimodal approach on reading motivation for elementary school students. This research is included in the mixed method approach using explanatory sequential design. The research subjects consisted of teachers and 79 students in fifth grade. The data collected in this study are qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected using observation techniques, and interviews whose instruments were observation sheets and interview guidelines. Quantitative data was collected using non-test techniques, namely questionnaires and followed by questionnaires as instruments. Furthermore, the research data will be analyzed descriptively with interactive analysis through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that during the implementation of learning, teachers only used teaching materials in the form of printed books that causes students to be lazy to read and student responses stated that they needed interesting ICT-based teaching materials to increase engagement, reading habit and motivation to read which in this case as many as 94% of students agreed if there was development in interactive teaching materials in e-book format for language learning.Therefore, this study concluded that to encourage good reading habits among students, schools especially teachers should provide access to learning using ebooks and sufficient facilities to accommodate all students. Implication of this study can be a reference for teachers to develop similar electronic media. Librarians should intensify their efforts to create more reading awareness among students.
CHQ- SocioEmo: Identifying Social and Emotional Support Needs in Consumer-Health Questions

General public, often called consumers, are increasingly seeking health information online. To be satisfactory, answers to health-related questions often have to go beyond informational needs. Automated approaches to consumer health question answering should be able to recognize the need for social and emotional support. Recently, large scale datasets have addressed the issue of medical question answering and highlighted the challenges associated with question classification from the standpoint of informational needs. However, there is a lack of annotated datasets for the non-informational needs. We introduce a new dataset for non-informational support needs, called CHQ-SocioEmo. The Dataset of Consumer Health Questions was collected from a community question answering forum and annotated with basic emotions and social support needs. This is the first publicly available resource for understanding non-informational support needs in consumer health-related questions online. We benchmark the corpus against multiple state-of-the-art classification models to demonstrate the dataset's effectiveness.
Rastgele Sayı Üretimi İçin Tesla Küresi Kullanılabilir mi?

The use of random numbers to represent uncertainty and unpredictability is essential in many industries. This is crucial in disciplines such as computer science, cryptography and statistics, where the use of randomness helps to guarantee the security and reliability of systems and procedures. In computer science, random number generation is used to generate passwords, keys and other security tokens, as well as to add randomness to algorithms and simulations. According to recent research, the hardware random number generators used in billions of IoT devices do not generate enough entropy. This paper describes how raw data collected by IoT system sensors can be used to generate random numbers for cryptography systems and also examines the consequences of these random numbers. Colour, light and camera are used as sensors. Monobit and poker test results are analysed to measure the quality of randomness. Sequences were obtained with the method that gave quality values as a result of the analysis and these sequences were entered into the NIST and FIPS 140-1 randomness test packages. When the results of these two tests were analysed, it was observed that the sequences passed all tests successfully.
MDPN: Multilevel Distribution Propagation Network for Few-Shot Image Classification

Due to a shortage of labeled examples, few-shot image classification frequently experiences noise interference and insufficient feature extraction. In this paper, we present a two-stage framework based on the distribution propagation graph neural network (DPGN) called the multilevel distribution propagation network (MDPN). An instance-segmentation-based object localization (ISOL) module and a graph-based multilevel distribution propagation (GMDP) module are both included in the MDPN. To create a clear and full object zone, the ISOL module generates a mask that eliminates background and pseudo-object noises. The GMDP module enriches the level of features. We carried out comprehensive experiments on the few-shot dataset CUB-200-2011 to show the usefulness of MDPN. The results demonstrate that MDPN indeed outperforms DPGN in terms of few-shot image classification accuracy. Under 5-way 1-shot and 5-way 5-shot settings, the classification accuracy of MDPN exceeds the baseline by 8.17% and 1.24%, respectively. MDPN also outperforms the majority of the existing few-shot classification methods in the same setting.
The Concept of Interactive Dynamic Intelligent Virtual Sensors (IDIVS): Bridging the Gap between Sensors, Services, and Users through Machine Learning

This paper concerns the novel concept of an Interactive Dynamic Intelligent Virtual Sensor (IDIVS), which extends virtual/soft sensors towards making use of user input through interactive learning (IML) and transfer learning. In research, many studies can be found on using machine learning in this domain, but not much on using IML. This paper contributes by highlighting how this can be done and the associated positive potential effects and challenges. An IDIVS provides a sensor-like output and achieves the output through the data fusion of sensor values or from the output values of other IDIVSs. We focus on settings where people are present in different roles: from basic service users in the environment being sensed to interactive service users supporting the learning of the IDIVS, as well as configurators of the IDIVS and explicit IDIVS teachers. The IDIVS aims at managing situations where sensors may disappear and reappear and be of heterogeneous types. We refer to and recap the major findings from related experiments and validation in complementing work. Further, we point at several application areas: smart building, smart mobility, smart learning, and smart health. The information properties and capabilities needed in the IDIVS, with extensions towards information security, are introduced and discussed.
Mathematical Approaches Transform Cybersecurity from Protoscience to Science

The area of cybersecurity problems has reached the stage of becoming a science. This raises questions about the connection between the mathematical theories used in cybersecurity research and their relation to the methodology for experiments and conceptual models synthesized from the academic community. This research proposes an analytical review of the mathematical ideas used in applied cyber-security and theoretical explorations. This meta viewpoint is dedicated to standard mathematical theories applied in cybersecurity issues. The ground of the work is methodological problems relating to the validation of experiments and models with mathematical ideas in the cybersecurity exploration of digital space. This research emphasizes the application of game theory, catastrophe theory, queuing systems, and Markov chains. The methods are shown without claiming to be exhaustive. The goal is to review the currently established implementation of mathematical approaches to cybersecurity. A spectrum of possibilities for applying mathematical apparatus in future research for cybersecurity is given. After a review of the literature for each presented mathematical approach, we expose a list of problematic areas in which this has already been implemented.
Analysis of Key Storage Mechanism of Asymmetric Key-Related Functions in CNG Crypto Library

During the implementation of a crypto system, distributed cryptographic libraries are unable to endure situations where the execution environment rapidly changes because of a structural vulnerability that is by design. For this reason, Microsoft announced a CNG library to solve this problem; however, the CNG does not comprise verification tools regarding the execution results for developers, users, or experts to assess the crypto system. In addition, the CNG design means that it is difficult to ensure that the encryption or decryption keys can be found in real-time processing because almost all cryptographic functions are processed by handles. This paper analyzes the way that key information is found to assure the security of the implemented products or to debug them in the development process. For this reason, we analyze the key storage mechanism of asymmetric-key-related functions in the CNG library. This study provides more convenient ways to identify key-related information, such as debugging and evaluation, when a crypto system is implemented using the CNG library.
Research on smart-locks cybersecurity and vulnerabilities

Abstract Smart-locks have become increasingly popular for access to homes and businesses in many countries, because of their ease of use and adaptability. These locks offer a simple and secure alternative to traditional key-based entry, making them an attractive choice for both residential and commercial properties. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge the potential security threats that come with any new technology. The security of smart-locks is particularly critical, as a breach could result in unauthorized entry. Since the smart-locks can connect, there are different ways to check if vulnerabilities can be found easily or on the contrary, if the security level is high. Two of the main ways of checking the security level of this kind of IoT device are the information that can be obtained from the Android application and the security level of the Bluetooth connection. Many vulnerabilities can be found in the Android smart lock management application. This application is very useful to perform all the configurations with such a lock, but if it is not properly implemented and secured, it can provide clues for malicious users to perform unauthorized access to the system. Another security factor is the Bluetooth connection. This ensures that only authorized users have access to the property. In this work, we have analyzed the security level of different parts of smart-locks. In particular, we have analyzed the security of the applications for the most important smart-locks on the market. This study reveals relevant information such as whether the application is obfuscated or not, the encryption algorithm for the Bluetooth connection, or relevant URLs that applications use to connect to the cloud. The security of the Bluetooth connection between the smartphone application and two selected smart-locks was also analyzed. It was demonstrated that if no encryption is used for the Bluetooth connection, the smart-lock is not secure, but if AES encryption is used, the security level is high.
"An exploratory case study: Romania’s digital innovation opportunities due to rise of digital currencies "

This article examines the rise of digital currencies in the Eurozone. By probing into the National Strategy regarding the Digital Agenda for Romania 2020 (Romanian Government, 2015), we are aiming to present future researchers with a set of propositions to continue the inquiry on possible opportunities derived from emerging opportunities associated with innovation in the Decentralized Financial sector. This exploratory case study is determined to identify a positive and advantageous moment for Romania while planning the governmental digital strategy in the Field of action III - eCommerce, research and development, and innovation in Information Technology &amp; Communication (IT&amp;C). Given the strong influence of a well-executed implementation plan to achieve strategic objectives, we consider it crucial to prioritize this subject. In this exploratory case study, we analyzed the development of centralized digital currencies in some European National Central Banks and examined the impact of blockchain technology on the financial sector. Additionally, we provided a detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the increasing popularity of digital currencies. It was concluded that due to the lack of in-depth empirical studies, and due to a relatively young and highly volatile digital currency market, we cannot ignore the chances Romania has to assimilate and develop the latest technologies in the financial sector or to improve the existing e-commerce framework and promote investment in innovation. The outcome of the case study is that there are specific and unique opportunities to improve the existing traditional financial system, by creating digital solutions, flexible and accessible to all consumers in Romania, and beyond.
"Crypto and digital currencies- will governments allow these forms of new payments? "

Since the 2010s cryptocurrencies have started to acquire a popularity never seen before, influencing the way the general population, investors, and governments treat investments. It is no surprise that central banks are pursuing their own digital currency in order to boost the security of transactions and reduce counterfeiting. Throughout this paper, we are going to analyze and compare the market valuation of the ten most valuable cryptocurrencies and explain if it is possible that one of them could become a viable and widely used currency in the future. Additionally, we are going to examine the central banks that will pursue their own digital currency and the reasons as of why they chose to venture into this new uncharted technology.
Suppression of Crosstalk in Quantum Circuit Based on Instruction Exchange Rules and Duration

Crosstalk is the primary source of noise in quantum computing equipment. The parallel execution of multiple instructions in quantum computation causes crosstalk, which causes coupling between signal lines and mutual inductance and capacitance between signal lines, destroying the quantum state and causing the program to fail to execute correctly. Overcoming crosstalk is a critical prerequisite for quantum error correction and large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing. This paper provides an approach for suppressing crosstalk in quantum computers based on multiple instruction exchange rules and duration. Firstly, for the majority of the quantum gates that can be executed on quantum computing devices, a multiple instruction exchange rule is proposed. The multiple instruction exchange rule reorders quantum gates in quantum circuits and separates double quantum gates with high crosstalk on quantum circuits. Then, time stakes are inserted based on the duration of different quantum gates, and quantum gates with high crosstalk are carefully separated in the process of quantum circuit execution by quantum computing equipment to reduce the influence of crosstalk on circuit fidelity. Several benchmark experiments verify the proposed method's effectiveness. In comparison to previous techniques, the proposed method improves fidelity by 15.97% on average.
A novel GPU based Geo-Location Inference Attack on WebGL framework

In the past few years, graphics processing units (GPUs) have become an indispensable part of modern computer systems, not only for graphics rendering but also for intensive parallel computing. Given that many tasks running on GPUs contain sensitive information, security concerns have been raised, especially about potential GPU information leakage. Previous works have shown such concerns by showing that attackers can use GPU memory allocations or performance counters to measure victim side effects (Naghibijouybari et al., 2018). However, such an attack has a critical drawback that it requires a victim to install desktop applications or mobile apps yielding it uneasy to be deployed in the real world. In this paper, we solve this drawback by proposing a novel GPU-based side-channel Geo-Privacy inference attack on the WebGL framework, namely, GLINT (stands for Geo-Location Inference Attack). GLINT merely utilizes a lightweight browser extension to measure the time elapsed to render a sequence of frames on well-known map websites, e.g., Google Maps, or Baidu Maps. The measured stream of time series is then employed to infer geologically privacy-sensitive information, such as a search on a specific location. Upon retrieving the stream, we propose a novel online segmentation algorithm for streaming data to determine the start and end points of privacy-sensitive time series. We then combine the DTW algorithm and KNN algorithm on these series to conclude the final inference on a user’s geo-location privacy. We conducted real-world experiments to testify our attack. The experiments show that GeoInfer can correctly infer more than 83% of user searches regardless of the locations and map websites, meaning that our Geo-Privacy inference attack is accurate, practical, and robust. To counter this attack, we implemented a defense strategy based on Differential Privacy to hinder obtaining accurate rendering data. We found that this defense mechanism managed to reduce the average accuracy of the attack model by more than 70%, indicating that the attack was no longer effective. We have fully implemented GLINT and open-sourced it for future follow-up research.
Fraud Diamond Analysis and Its Effect on Commiting Sobis in the Sidrap District

The demographic bonus in Indonesia has entered its peak in 2020 which is dominated by the composition of Generation Z (Gen Z) with a percentage of 27.94% or around 74.93 million people.This figure is expected to be able to contribute in welcoming the growth of economic development through quality young resources in the era of digitalization.However, the existence of the demographic bonus in Sidrap Regency has become a 'pandora' box or unwanted source of problems.The high activity of online fraud, or the Sidrap community calling it sobis, has become a job and livelihood for most young people in Sidrap Regency, especially Gen Z Sidrap.This study focuses on the Fraud Diamond Theory factors, namely pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and ability that influence Gen Z in Sidrap Regency to do sobis as a job.This study uses descriptive quantitative research methods.Data was collected through a survey of 100 Gen Z in Sidrap Regency with criteria for Gen Z who are 12-27 years old, domiciled in Sidrap Regency, and know the phenomenon being studied.The results showed that the four factors from the Fraud Diamond Theory (pressure, opportunity, rationalization, ability) also influenced Gen Z Sidrap to do sobis.
Cookbooks of the Besieged Leningrad (Based on Materials of the National Library of Russia Collection “Leningrad in the Great Patriotic War”)

Within 1942—1943 Lenizdat publishing house produced a number of practical guides introducing to residents and defenders of besieged Leningrad with the consumption of non-traditional plant foods to help starving citizens survive . Scientists — employees of the Botanical Institute, as well as food production technologists have were involved in the release . All publications considered in this article are collected in the fund of the Russian National Library “ Leningrad in the Great Patriotic War”.
The Organization of Bibliographic Services in the National Libraries of the Republics of the Russian Federation

The article deals with the organization of bibliographic services of the republican national libraries . The results of monitoring library sites on the bibliographic work of various structural units are presented . The current state of the main directions of bibliographic activity is analyzed . Based on the results obtained , new directions were identified : expansion of the number of departments providing bibliographic services and compilation activities ; increase in the range of bibliographic services ; development of electronic local history .
The Sources of Library Democracy in Russia in the Beginning of XX Century

The article investigates the history of native public library associations . It is noted the main landmarks of the Petersburg library science society creation and functioning as well its achievements . Also the negative aspects of its activity are identified and analyzed . The systemic flaws of participation of liberal specialists in the post-revolutionary library policy and practice are considered .
On the Importance of Categories of Social Memory and Cultural Heritage in Their Bibliographic Modelling

The purpose of the article lies in a clearer allocation for bibliographic activities of common and distinct features of social memory and cultural heritage . Both cumulative trends in the development of bibliographic channels of information transmission ( oral , handwritten , printed , electronic-digital ), and features related to the value orientations of information consumers are considered . Conclusions are made about the methodological features of bibliography in the disclosure of model visibility of the development of culture , in forecasting the development of certain documentary and semantic directions and the probability of their entry into nuclear culture . The task is not only to preserve documentary memory and heritage with the help of bibliography , but also to more active socialization ( interiorization ) of this type of activity in society .
Librarian’s Reading Competence as a Factor of Library and Information Activity Efficiency

The authors note that the efficiency of librarianship in the conditions of intensive changes in the information environment raises the question of the development of the reader’s culture in the course of the formation of the readiness of future librarians . In order for a librarian to be a reader , he must not only “ love books and reading ”, but also receive appropriate training and reader development in the professional training system , master various reading strategies and the ability to expediently carry out his own reading activity . The article considers reading and reading competence , their place in educational standards and their role in the professional activity of a library specialist .
Spherical Gaussian Leftover Hash Lemma via the Rényi Divergence

Agrawal et al. (Asiacrypt 2013) proved the discrete Gaussian leftover hash lemma, which states that the linear transformation of the discrete spherical Gaussian is statistically close to the discrete ellipsoid Gaussian. Showing that it is statistically close to the discrete spherical Gaussian, which we call the discrete spherical Gaussian leftover hash lemma (SGLHL), is an open problem posed by Agrawal et al. In this paper, we solve the problem in a weak sense: we show that the distribution of the linear transformation of the discrete spherical Gaussian and the discrete spherical Gaussian are close with respect to the Rényi divergence (RD), which we call the weak SGLHL (wSGLHL). As an application of wSGLHL, we construct a sharper self-reduction of the learning with errors problem (LWE) problem. Applebaum et al. (CRYPTO 2009) showed that linear sums of LWE samples are statistically close to (plain) LWE samples with some unknown error parameter. In contrast, we show that linear sums of $$\textsf{LWE}$$ samples and (plain) LWE samples with a known error parameter are close with respect to RD. As another application, we weaken the independence heuristic required for the fully homomorphic encryption scheme TFHE.