Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Personality Tests in the Candidate Selection Process: A Critical Analysis Using Argument Mapping

Psychological testing – including personality tests – is one of the methods used by contemporary organisations for selection of candidates. This article provides a systematic analysis of arguments concerning the validity of this selection method using the argument mapping technique. The study highlights doubts regarding the validity of assessing a candidate’s potential on the basis of such tests due to the significant potential for result manipulation by the candidate. The primary conclusion drawn from this analysis is that personality tests should only be used as a complementary instrument alongside other selection techniques. Test‑based assessment methods should be used optionally, while adhering to appropriate standards for conducting such tests. The study also suggests a shift away from self‑report tests and entrusting their execution and interpretation to individuals with relevant qualifications.
Modernization of the Russian education system in the first quarter of the 18th century as a factor in the book culture development

Importance. One of the most active means of modernization in Russia in the times of Peter the Great was education. To make a cultural, social, economic breakthrough, the country needed a personnel of educated and energetic specialists who understood the essence of the reforms. At the same time, the origins and directions of reforms were closely connected with the need to reduce the technological and socio-cultural lag of our country from the countries of Western Europe. Materials and Methods. The main sources of the research are the materials of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (F. 256) and the Russian State Historical Archive (F. 796), as well as published records of the main acts that influenced the Russian domestic policy. Results and Discussion. The success of the enlightenment policy of the autocrat could not become without a wide appeal of Russians to book products, democratization of the publishing market and spreading the fashion for reading. The symbol of the time was the rapid spread of the libraries network at educational institutions, which opened access to books and knowledge for the population. The available data on book issuance of the library of the Academy of Sciences show the great readership of the collected fund. Each publication issued to the reader was recorded in a special journal, where the name of the user and the data of the requested work were recorded. Conclusion. One of the Peter the Great’s modernization goals was to create a layer of Russian intellectuals who acted as guides of the initiated transformations. At the same time, the chosen means of enlightenment activity of the autocrat were diverse: it was practiced to educate Russian people abroad, to create a network of educational institutions in the country, to widely spreading secular books in the country.
Didactic and methodical functions of chatbots in teaching foreign language grammar to non-linguistic students

Importance. Digitalization is penetrating many areas of our lives and providing new opportunities and solutions. At the same time, higher education institutions prepare students to work in a professional sphere that increasingly utilizes advanced technological tools. Consequently, the integration of technology into education is essential in terms of preparing a highly qualified specialist in a particular industry. Materials and Methods. The material of the research is the analysis of scientific literature: theoretical and practical researches of innovative applications in English language teaching. The empirical method is applied in order to identify didactic and methodical functions of chatbots in the framework of differentiated teaching of students of foreign language grammar in technical universities. Result and Discussion. The didactic functions of chatbots in a context of English language teaching are formulated: a) accessibility; b) possibility of personalized learning; c) possibility of adaptive learning; d) possibility of interval learning; e) creation of mentally safe learning environment; f) multifunctionality; g) development of 21st century skills. Methodical functions of chatbot applications are concretized: a) possibility to form language skills of learners’ speech; b) possibility to develop foreign language speech activity skills. Conclusion. Modern technologies can optimize the educational process, making it more accessible, interactive and individualized. In addition, chat systems can be a useful tool to improve the productivity of teaching English grammar within the framework of differentiated learning of non-linguistic students in the conditions of self learning activity.
Digitalization in the practical training of students of technical universities

Importance. One of the key tasks of the production practice is the experience of transferring knowledge to independently solve new tasks. Modeling of production processes in virtual laboratories, VR training sessions, blockchain can be considered as technologies aimed at development the ability to data transfer, analyze, and systematize. Digitalization of practical training is able to solve the problems of non-standard thinking development, the need to strengthen the responsibility of students, the specialist qualification dependence on the digital technologies possession degree. The possibilities of digital technologies, intellectual information and educational systems in the focus of practical training of students and the development of thinking formed the purpose of the research. Materials and Methods. The review of information sources is carried out, the own experience of practical training organization is systematized. The survey method investigated the attitude of students to online interaction, the attitude of enterprises to the admission of trainees to production facilities. A model of the procedure for evaluating and storing practice results is proposed. Results and Discussion. Artificial intelligence and process automation shift the emphasis of education from algorithmized activities (reading material, drawing up a text plan, selecting key ideas, etc.) to the development of specific non-standard skills – the ability to find a non-stereotypical optimal solution, conduct expertise, apply knowledge in unusual conditions. At the same time, the reduction in the volume of subject material allows us to pay more attention to the development of non-routine actions, autonomy in the workplace, and the development of a proactive attitude to the profession. The virtual model of the technological process allows to see in detail any element of the complex, while the VR operator perceives the object and forms a response. The analysis of the spatial position and state of the object, the transfer of existing theoretical knowledge into a specific production situation, the formation of an objects holistic perception develop both thinking and practical skills. Evaluation of students practical training results with the use of blockchain increases the efficiency of the process, makes the data storage system reliable. Conclusion. Modernization of vocational education through the introduction of adaptive and practice-oriented educational programs, learning and evaluation algorithms based on artificial intelligence solutions will ensure effective digital training.
The potential of using network video formats in the humanities education system

Importance. The potential of using modern network video formats in educational practices aimed at the formation of competencies in the humanitarian field is investigated. The study of this potential is important due to the transformation of approaches to socialization and the knowledge’s formation about the world under the influence of new media, as well as the visualization process of media consumption, noted by communicative processes’ researchers. Materials and Methods. Comparative typological and textual methods are used to achieve the set research goals, as well as the method of content analysis. The empirical base of the research is based on the educational video content of the RUTUBE platform. Results and Discussion. The main functions of network video content in the educational process are given. The most effective genres and formats of educational video blogs are specified. The means of attracting and retaining attention during the implementation of educational practices are investigated. The main communication barriers preventing the formation of competencies in the conditions of using network video content are identified. The methods of neutralizing barriers and ways to increase the effectiveness of knowledge, skills and abilities’ formation using network video content are outlined. Conclusions. The study showed that network video content has significant educational potential and can be used in the educational process within the framework of higher education. The results of the study will be useful to scientists considering the potential of using modern technologies in the higher education system, as well as to teachers of higher educational institutions.
CONTINUOUS 3D-LABEL SEMI-GLOBAL MATCHING FOR SATELLITE STEREO

Abstract. We present Continuous 3D-Label Semi-Global Matching (CoSGM), a new dense stereo matching algorithm for satellite stereo. CoSGM overparameterizes the disparity map as an array of local planes, so it can regularize the first-order smoothness of the estimated disparity. Furthermore, the algorithm can produce a dense normal map beside the disparity map. We show experimentally that CoSGM could achieve denser depth maps with comparable accuracy to traditional semi-global matching algorithms.
Research on the Integration and Reform of Ideological and Political Elements in the Teaching of Rapid Prototyping Technology Course

With the continuous development of science and technology, rapid prototyping technology has been widely used in manufacturing industry. However, the teaching of rapid prototyping technology often pays attention to the technology itself and ignores the cultivation of students’ ideological and moral literacy. In order to better cultivate students’ comprehensive quality and sense of social responsibility, this study aims to explore how to integrate ideological and political elements into the teaching of "Rapid Prototyping Technology" to improve students’ ideological and moral quality and comprehensive ability. The results of this study are of great significance for promoting the reform of ideological and political education in the course of rapid prototyping technology, and provide useful reference for relevant teachers and decision makers.
Things Worth Attention in Designing the Questions of College English Reading Classes

Reading teaching is an important part of college English teaching. Questions are commonly raised in daily teaching of English reading. Effective questions can help language teachers and students to improve the effect of teaching and learning English respectively. Faced with the existing problems of classroom questions in college reading classes, the paper is to explore the deep reasons for the problems. Factors concerning good question designing are listed. In order to design effective classroom questions, improve the teaching effect of college English reading and develop students’ reading ability, some suggestions are made about what college English teachers need to do.
Current Research Status of Genetic Algorithm Research in China’s Library Sector

As an advanced technology of Data Mining, Genetic Algorithm provides an important method for deeply excavating library’s collection resources and personalized interactive learning services. The paper adopts the method of bibliometrics to statistics, combing and analysis of the current research status of Genetic Algorithm research in China’s Library Sector, finds the characteristics of Genetic Algorithm research in China’s Library Sector, and proposes the research trends of Genetic Algorithm research in China’s Library Sector in the future for promoting in-depth research and practice in the field of Genetic Algorithm research in China’s Library Sector, and improves the utilization rate of library’s collection resources and service effectiveness.
Research on Copyright Protection of Online Games in China under the Background of Information Age

The information age usually relates to the computer age or the digital age. With the rapid development of computer (digital) technology, the online game industry is also growing and expanding, which can be regarded as to be changing with each passing day. The development of online games not only fully reflects people's skillful application of computer technology and network technology, but also clearly reflects the new challenges brought by the rapid advance of information technology to the traditional intellectual property legal system. The purpose of this paper is to interpret the core parts of online games, namely, the copyright issues involved in game engine and game resource library, through in-depth analysis of typical cases, and on this basis, to explore the copyright protection methods of online games in line with China's national conditions under the background of information age, and to open a new chapter in the research of copyright protection of online games in China under the background of information age.
Improving Science Conceptual Understanding and Attitudes in Elementary Science Classes through the Development and Application of a Rule-Based AI Chatbot

Abstract This study aimed to develop a specialized rule-based AI chatbot tailored for a sixth-grade optics unit and to evaluate the impact of the implementation of the chatbot on students’ cognitive and affective outcomes related to science within the classroom setting. Specifically, this study explored how factors such as gender and achievement levels have an impact on student attitudes. The development of the rule-based chatbot adhered to the network-based instructional systems design framework, which involves the application of the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate model to the e-learning design and development process. The participants were 192 sixth-grade students, with 81 in the experimental group and 111 in the control group. The results revealed a positive effect on students’ science achievement and interest, with a particularly significant impact on those with lower achievement levels. Notably, the chatbot played a crucial role in elevating the interest of female students in science. These findings highlight the need for continued research into the integration of rule-based AI chatbots in science education.
Research on Strategies and Methods of Improving Teachers’ Digital Literacy in Classroom Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges

With the continuous development and application of digital technology, higher vocational education is also facing the demand of digital transformation. The digital transformation of higher vocational education is the key to the high quality development of higher vocational education. In order to promote the digitization of education and enhance the adaptability of vocational education, it is necessary to continuously improve teachers’ ability and literacy. In order to adapt to and lead the digital new normal, it is an important starting point for the high-quality development of vocational education to build a comprehensive and multi-channel digital literacy of higher vocational teachers and the digital improvement path of classroom teaching. The research of this paper will provide guidance and reference for the cultivation of teachers’ digital literacy and the improvement of classroom teaching effect in higher vocational colleges.
Pengembangan Instrumen Tes pada Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia Kelas XI Berbasis Android

The development of technology, especially in Information and Communication Technology, is now made easier by the existence of software that can assist in carrying out online assessment activities. Assessment can be carried out by developing an Android-based instrument using learning applications, one of the web learning applications is Wordwall. This research aims to develop an Android-based test instrument for student assessment. The research was conducted at MA Al Ahrom Karangsari Demak. The sample population used was class XI-IPA 2 as many as 25 students with small-scale and large-scale testing. This research is development research (R &amp; D). In development research, the Android-based test instrument in small-scale trials has been validated by expert validators with results of 80.53% or suitable for use. The program trial was carried out by class XI-IPA 2 students at MA Al Ahrom Karangsari Demak with results of 77.45% or suitable for use. Large-scale trials have been validated by expert validators with results of 85.63% or are suitable for use. The program trial was carried out by students at MA Al Ahrom Karangsari Demak with results of 81.82% or suitable for use.
Implementasi Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor untuk Klasifikasi Jurusan pada Peserta Didik Baru

Majoring students is a process of placing students into certain majors in accordance with their interests and academic abilities in an effort to make it easier for students in the learning process. Madrasah Aliyah Darul Hikmah Menganti is a school equivalent to SMA, which has two majors, namely science and social studies. The difficulty of classifying the majors of new students is an obstacle for the school. Because the criteria assessment process is carried out one by one. From these problems, the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) method was applied to classify majors in order to simplify and minimize errors in the process of determining new student majors. The data initially amounted to 638 records and 31 attributes. After preprocessing, the data used amounted to 635 records with 12 attributes, namely name, gender, major interest, school origin, children to, number of siblings, math scores, English grades, science grades, Indonesian language scores, test scores, and major recommendations. After testing using K-Fold Cross Validation and Confusion Matrix for evaluation and validation of results by calculating the Euclidean Distance distance, the best k value (optimal) k=3 which produces accuracy: 97.11%, precision: 96.82%, recall: 98.33%, and AUC: 0.951.
Automatic excavator action recognition and localisation for untrimmed video using hybrid LSTM-Transformer networks

In mining and construction, excavators are integral to earth-moving operations. Accurate knowledge of excavator activities may be used in productivity analysis to streamline delivery. This paper presents a computer vision-based method for excavator action detection which can automatically inference the occurrence and time duration of excavator actions from untrimmed video captured from the excavator cab. The model uses a three-stage architecture consisting of a VGG16 feature extractor, a four-stage Transformer Encoder-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) module, and a post-processing component. The model's predictive performance has been validated on the largest dataset among similar studies, comprising 567,000 frames filmed on-site at day and night. When tested on night and daytime videos, the model achieves accuracies of 90% and 70%, respectively, highlighting strong potential for practical implementation of the Transformer-LSTM network in excavator action detection. This study presents the first application of the combined Transformer-LSTM network for action detection in computer vision.
The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

Abstract In this chapter, we enter the quantum regime. Following a succinct introduction to the topic, we present the main properties of the quantum harmonic oscillator, such as the ground state energy caused by quantum fluctuations, the harmonic energy spectrum of Fock states, coherent states, the density matrix of mixed states and its time evolution calculated with the von Neumann master equation, and various quantum state representations.
Epilogue

Extract Deep learning’s skeptics hold that empiricists, in attempting to model the rational mind, are entitled to begin with only one or two learning rules, and their models must learn everything else from experience. Whatever the merits of this radical empiricist view, I hope to have illustrated that it does not capture the dominant perspective of researchers in deep learning. Instead, much of the most successful research in deep learning is motivated by and in turn bolsters a more moderate empiricist view—one shared by the majority of philosophical empiricists from the history of philosophy—which holds that abstract knowledge is derived through the cooperation and interaction of active, domain-general faculties. Like the historical empiricists, they eschew innate ideas, rather than innate faculties. Indeed, there are so many examples of this moderate empiricism alive and well in deep learning research today that one could fill an entire book with examples. I hope to also have illustrated that quite a bit more abstraction and rational decision-making can be captured by such faculty-inspired models than we might have supposed. Indeed, they can model some aspects of the loftiest heights of human rationality, and we should expect much more rapid progress in the years to come. However, most of the examples of faculty-inspired models reviewed in this book were one-offs—they only demonstrated the gains that can be obtained by the introduction of one or two faculty-like modules to an architecture. Rather than the next steps in artificial intelligence requiring more domain-specific innate knowledge, the next breakthroughs are likelier to be achieved by integrating more of these domain-general faculty modules into a coherent and cooperative faculty architecture of the sort envisioned by the historical empiricists. As we attempt to do so, we should expect that Control Problems will become more pressing, and engineers should begin preparing countermeasures now. I discussed some early ideas in this direction especially in Chapters 6 and 7, in the discussion of attention and social cognition.
Imagination

Abstract This chapter explores David Hume’s views on the faculty of imagination. Hume had a particularly rich and ambitious take on imagination as a kind of mental laboratory in which new composite ideas could be created by fusing together old ideas in creative ways. This chapter explains how Hume’s theory, if successful, could rebut some of the most serious objections raised against empiricism by critics such as Jerry Fodor. It then discusses how generative adversarial networks can be seen to realize some of Hume’s most speculative and ambitious ideas. The chapter also discusses more recent and powerful generative architectures, such as those behind DALL-E 2 and MidJourney. It reviews how such architectures can be modified to favor novelty in their outputs to model more human-like kinds of creativity, and they can even be used to create simulated input for offline learning or complex planning for future outcomes, as is found in DeepMind’s Imagination-Augmented Agents (I2A) architecture.
Memory

Abstract This chapter focuses on the views of the Ibn Sina (Avicenna) on memory. Like other empiricists since Aristotle, Ibn Sina held that memory plays a critical role in human abstraction. In particular, Ibn Sina emphasized the role of affect in allowing memory to influence rational decision-making, by allowing agents to recognize non-perceptible consequences of actions for instrumental choice. The chapter ties Ibn Sina’s ideas about memory to successful models in deep learning that make use of deep reinforcement learning, such as DeepMind’s Episodic Controller architecture, which can play Atari games at superhuman levels of performance. It also reviews classic ideas about the role of memory-simulating modules in neural network architectures, such as the need to overcome catastrophic interference.