Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Local Gauss multiplicative components method for brain magnetic resonance image segmentation

Background and Objectives: In magnetic resonance (MR) images' quantitative analysis, there are often considerable difficulties due to factors, such as intensity inhomogeneities and low contrast. Here, we construct a new image segmentation method to solve the MR image segmentation problem caused by internal and external factors. Materials and Methods: We downloaded a series of MR images as research objects through the BrainWeb (http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/brainweb/). There is low contrast information between different components in these images. In addition, we randomly added a certain degree of bias field information to the images. We proposed a model that can simultaneously perform bias field estimation and image segmentation. Our idea is to make use of the property that observed image can be decomposed into multiplicative components. First, the bias field representation is given by a series of smooth basic functions; the required true image is represented as the function of observed image and bias field. Then, the segmentation model of Gaussian probability distribution with different means and variances is constructed by local information. Results: Qualitative experiments (intensity inhomogeneity images) show that our model achieves satisfactory segmentation results with very few (<10) iterations for severe intensity inhomogeneities image segmentation, while quantitative experiments (20 brain MR images) show that the proposed model can achieve higher accuracy in segmentation. Conclusions: Different from the existing model, our model is constructed based on the local information of the true image, and the influence of above-mentioned factors is better avoided and obtain satisfactory results.
Knowledge transfer among international strategic alliance partners and its impact on innovation performance

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the literature available on knowledge transfer highlighting the factors affecting knowledge transfer mechanism and provides a theoretical framework to study its impact on strategic alliance's innovation performance. The paper studied a vast literature for providing a comprehensive framework to study the knowledge transfer mechanism among the alliance partners and its impact on performance. It also proposes a methodology for future empirical testing. The paper provides factors affecting knowledge transfer among international strategic alliance partners. A theoretical framework is prepared from the literature for further research integrating factors effecting knowledge transfer, linking them with innovation performance. This paper provides avenues for further research in the field of strategic management and international business for improving knowledge exchange for alliance's success. The paper could not review all the possible variables affecting knowledge transfer and is conceptual in nature. The paper provides a useful insight for managers involved in the international strategic alliances as well as for business executives for improving knowledge transfer mechanism among alliance partners. Although various researchers have studied knowledge transfer among international strategic alliances, not too many have linked factors affecting knowledge transfer with performance, which this study does.
The Flows and Changes of Korean Language Purification Policy

국어학의 비조인 주시경부터 현재까지 국어순화의 시기별로 연구하였다. 광복 전까지 우리말에 끼어든 일본말 광복 후에 외래어에 대한 국어순화가 요구되었다. 1976년 국어순화운동협의회의 발족과 함께 본격적으로 국어순화운동이 활발해져 언론과 일반인들의 참여로 이어졌다. 1967년 한글학회의 쉬운말사전의 첫머리에 말 다듬기 원칙에 토박이 말, 방언을 살려 쓰는 것을 원칙으로 하고 있다. 1984년 국어연구소 설립으로 국어정책 전반에 걸쳐 본격적인 조사 연구가 실시되는 계기가 되었다. 국어연구소는 한글맞춤법, 표준어 규정, 외래어 표기법을 개정하도록 뒷받침되었고 국어순화 자료집, 국어오용사례집도 발간되었다. 1990년 국립국어연구원이 설립되어 국어를 과학적으로 조사, 연구하고 근본적이고 합리적인 어문정책을 수립하는 한편 국민의 올바른 언어생활을 계도하기 시작하여 현재에 이르렀다. 국어 순화정책은 다민족ㆍ다문화 시대이니 만큼 외면을 넓혀야하고 통일시대를 맞아 남북이 하나 되는 국어가 되도록 하기 위해서 국어 순화가 중요 요목이다. 이 일의 성취를 위하여 반드시 국가정책이 수반되어야 한다.The policy of the Korean language purification policy differs in time has evolved over the past century. During Japan’s colonial rule period (1910 1945), the Japanese language was the main target focus of purification. Purifying Refining loanwords that were adopted from other languages (loanwords) was the next goal during the post liberation era. In 1976, with the support of the media and the public, the language cleansing movement became active with the establishingment of the Korean Language and Purification Movement Council in 1976, purification movement became active. The media and public also took part in. In 1967, according to the Korean Language Society’s Easy to speak Dictionary in 1967, the principle objective of speech purification is was to save preserve the native language and dialect. The establishment creation of the Korean Language Institute in 1984 served as a momentum the impetus to conduct full scale research on the Korean language policy. The Korean Language Institute supported the revision of the Hangul Customization Act, the Standard Language Regulations, and the Foreign Language Notation. They also published The Korean Language Purification Material Bookand The Korean Language Misuse Case Book. In 1990, The National Institute of Korean Language was established In 1990, to conduct scientifically researching on the Korean native language. and They are also involved in setting fundamental and rational language policies, thus leading correctly guiding the language on the right path and up to the correct language life through present. In order to keeping up with our current multi ethnic diverse and multi-cultural era times, the policy of purifying refining the Korean language should be broadened. Additionally, so in the d&#233;tente era of the two Koreas, purificationying of the language becomes more important is an absolutely necessary national policy, since because the language it acts as a bridge of toward unification. National policy is positively necessary.
Support Vector Machines

Support vector machine (SVM) is a machine learning algorithm for learning classification and regression models. To build intuition, we will consider the case of learning a classification model with SVM. Given a dataset with two target classes that are linearly separable, it turns out that there exists an infinite number of lines that can discriminate between the two classes (see Figure 22-1). The goal of the SVM is to find the best line that separates the two classes. In higher dimensions, this line is called a hyperplane.
Message Integrity, Signatures, and Certificates

In this chapter, we will be talking about “keyed hashes” and how asymmetric cryptography can be used to provide not only message privacy but also message integrity and authenticity via digital signatures. We will also be talking about how certificates differ from keys and why that distinction is important. Let’s dive right into an example and some code!
Correction to: Dual Hashing-Based Algorithms for Discrete Integration

In the version of this paper that was originally published, reference was made to an incorrect grant number. This has now been corrected.
Scrum and the Product Owner

The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the development team.
User-Based Authentication for Web Apps

In Chapter 2, we introduced OpenID Connect, OAuth 2, and basic authentication flows supported by OAuth 2. In this chapter, we will use those authentication flows to develop user-based authentication for a web application using Azure Active Directory. The following authentication scenarios are covered in this chapter.
Other Considerations for Training the Network

In this chapter, we will cover some other important techniques to consider when training a deep neural network.
A Knowledge-Based Graphical Interface for Modeling Surgical Workflows in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery

This paper presents a knowledge-based graphical interface for modelling surgical workflows in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (R-A MIS). The interface provides an effortless way for the surgeon to generate a preoperative protocol for the surgery, while the knowledge base adds semantic information and rules to the surgery-specific ontologies. The surgeon can either modify a pre-existing prototype workflow for a known type of R-A MIS surgery or create a completely new surgical workflow for unknown types of R-A MIS. The workflow consists of phases and steps in consecutive order, incorporating anatomies, instruments and actions that the surgeon can modify. Any modification adheres to the rules of the knowledge base where information of incorporated robotic interactions is included. The interface is built as a web application that can be operated through a computer or portable device. The interface had positive reviews by orthopedic surgeons that were requested to create surgical workflows for R-A MIS arthroscopic procedures and evaluate its usability.
¿Es la banda sonora un proceso creativo global de segundo orden? Primera aproximación a partir de una secuencia del compositor Pascal Gaigne

This article is based on an empirically proven fact according to which a feature film is sometimes the result of a Global Creative Process (GCP), understanding this term as that which is constituted as the sum of several individual creative processes (ICPi) from different artistic disciplines. The aim of these ICPi is, by using interactions with the object, the initial general process established by the director or interacting themselves, the achievement of an unique object. The result of all these interactions is positively affected by virtue of the synergies generated.In the following sections the thesis according to which a soundtrack —understood not only as a musical soundtrack, but as everything that is heard in the final audio mix— is the result of another GCP is raised for the first time, being this GCP, therefore, a second order GCP.For this, statements taken from the most recent theories that affect the process of recording and mixing the soundtrack will be used, as well as different aspects related to the interaction between music and sound design.A first step to realizing the practical application of this approach is to apply it directly to a specific case. Furthermore, using real extracts justifies the relevance of this approach and its usefulness. On this occasion, and with this objective in mind, two specific moments of a sequence by composer Pascal Gaigne will be explored in greater depth.
An MDA Proposal To Integrate the Measurement Lifecycle Into the Process Lifecycle

Context: Measuring the Software Development Process (SDP) supports organizations in their endeavor to understand, manage, and improve their development processes and projects. In the last decades, the SDP has evolved to meet the market needs and keep abreast of modern technologies and infrastructures. These changes in the development processes have increased the importance of the measurement and caused changes in the measurement process and the used measures. Objective: This work aims to develop a solution to support the measurement activities throughout the process lifecycle. Method: Study the current state of the art to identify existing gaps. Then, propose a solution to support the process measurement throughout the SDP lifecycle. Results: The proposed solution consists of two main components: (i) Measurement lifecycle, which defines the measurement activities throughout the SDP lifecycle, (ii) Measurement definition metamodel (MDMM), which supports the measurement lifecycle and its integration into the process lifecycle. Conclusion: This proposal allows organizations to define, manage, and improve their processes; the proposed information model supports the unification of the measurement concepts and vocabulary. The defined measurement lifecycle provides a comprehensive guide for the organizations to establish the measurement objectives and carry out the necessary activities to achieve them. The proposed MDMM supports and guides the engineers in the complete and operational definition of the measurement concepts.
Smartwatches for Context-Aware Ubiquitous Learning

Context-aware ubiquitous learning systems use real-time or almost real-time sensor data that is an integral part of learning design for anytime, anywhere learning. Typical examples are situated learning in museums, parks, or gardens where sensors are used to enact unique learning scenarios. This type of embedded learning can be easily extended to cities, continents, or indeed the world. Traditionally, PDAs and smartphones have been used as edge devices in such learning systems; smartphones or PDA’s typically collect sensor data and communicate with back-end servers to enact learning scenarios. Smartwatches can easily replace smartphones to perform these functions. Smartwatches today include a variety of sensors, are wirelessly connected to heterogeneous networks, and possess significant processing power. This paper presents a survey and design framework for using smartwatches in ubiquitous learning. The design framework views smartwatches for ubiquitous learning through the IoT lens and various types of learning designs. In addition, micro-services to implement these pedagogical services are enumerated and evaluated with respect to smartwatches. An analysis of network requirements for smartwatches is also presented. The overall conclusion is that while some challenges like power optimization remain, smartwatches represent a promising next platform for context-aware ubiquitous learning.
Who Is the Product Owner?

At the most basic level, the Product Owner is the person who decides what gets in the next. The term originates in Scrum, but it is not unusual to find the term being used in teams following other approaches, for example, Kanban, or their own hybrid processes.
Additional Results and details of "On the physical origin of linguistic laws and lognormality in speech"

Additional details on the analysis of Buckeye Corpus and additional results such as: (II.a) Lognormality law for individual speakers, (II.b) Additional representations on the duration distribution of linguistic units, (II.c) Limit distributions of sums of independent Lognormals, (II.d) The error terms at word and BG levels, (III.a) Model selection scheme for Zipf's law, (III.b) Null model for Zipf's law, (III.c) Zipf's law for individual informants, (IV) Herdan's law: additional evidence based on speech rate, (V.a) Binning in scatter plots with high noise in one of the variables, (V.b) Binning in frequencies, (VI.a) Additional fits of Menzerath-Altmann law and (VI.b) Predicting BG time duration distribution using the Menzerath-Altmann law model
Creating Classes and Objects

Within ABAP object-oriented programming, classes are defined which encapsulate data as well as functions. Objects (also known as instances) can then be created based on the class in question. Classes can be created locally (within a program) or globally (available to all programs in a system). ABAP also supports polymorphism via simple inheritance interfaces.
Inversion of As Content in Soil Based on Worldview-3 Satellite Remote Sensing Image -- A Case Study of Western Tianfu New District

Most studies on the inversion of heavy metals in soil in large areas are based on the measured hyperspectral data. However, the field spectral data acquisition requires large workload, high cost and long time. This paper attempted to obtain spectral information directly from worldview-3 satellite remote sensing image, combined with a small number of measured geochemistry samples, and established a model through regression analysis to invert heavy metal As in soil in the Western Tianfu New District. It is equivalent to a spectral acquisition on each pixel, which replaces the traditional field spectral acquisition and saves the workload. The results show that the content distribution of the inversion results is basically consistent with the measured results, and the distribution trend of heavy metal content can be well demonstrated. This method can greatly reduce the cost and realize the rapid, non-destructive and normalized monitoring of heavy metals.
E-POSTERS – NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING

The MYO-SEQ project, stablished as a collaboration between Newcastle University, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, industry and patient organizations, aims to genetically diagnose patients with unexplained limb-girdle weakness and/or elevated CK. We have so far collected over 1,500 patients from 54 European referring centres. Whole exome sequencing was carried out and data analysed by interrogating a panel of 429 genes known to be associated with neuromuscular disease (NMD). A likely disease-causing variant was identified in 52% of the cohort. Of these 816 cases, 30 (3.6%) carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in two neuromuscular disease genes, usually known as 'double trouble' patients. Almost a third of these cases (n=12) carried heterozygous variants in the RYR1 gene in combination with another NMD gene. This reflects the high incidence of reported RYR1 variants in our cohort as dominant RYR1variants are associated with risk of malignant hyperthermia, and have therefore been reported even if their pathogenicity was not fully confirmed. Of the remaining cases, heterozygous variants in TTN or MYH7 together with homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in a recessive NMD gene were the most frequent combinations (n=5), and in two affected individuals from a dominant pedigree heterozygous TTN and MHY7 variants were found together. In addition, three patients from consanguineous families carried two pairs of homozygous variants, all in combination with one of the sarcoglycan subunits genes (ie SGCG/PFKM, SGCG/COL6A3 and SGCA/POMT1). Interestingly, two patients had variants in two of the COL6 genes (COL6A1/A2 and COL6A2/A3) both presenting with a complex Bethlem-like phenotype. In general, the clinical presentation of these 'double trouble' cases was somehow unusual, and not simply the combination of the phenotypes associated with each individual gene. Here we aim to describe in more detail some of these remarkable patients.
Altered pinna: exploring shape change of pinna for perception and illusion of sound direction change.

This study demonstrates that by opening and closing the human pinna, we can change the direction of sound perceived by humans. Each ear was independently transformed into a 100% open, 50% open, and 100% closed state, and all 9 combinations of these ear transformations were tested to evaluate the perceived direction of the sound output from 7 speakers placed 180 degrees around the subject. We demonstrate that by deforming the pinna, we could change the perception of the direction of sound, or make it illusory. We also found that except for 1 out of 7 speakers (or directions of sound), closing 100% of the ear on the side of the speaker where the sound is coming from and 50% of the ear on the other side of the speaker tends produce the most alteration to the perceived direction of sound.
Quantum internet: The internet's next big step

Emerging quantum technologies will impact industry and society at large, but how and to what extent we do not know yet. That is why a TU Delft Quantum Vision team set about exploring this impact, with a special focus on quantum internet as the first technology that is likely to become reality.
An Improved User Authentication Model for Mobile Application Systems: An Expert Review Verification

Mobile application systems (mobile apps) are now being commonly installed in smart phones or mobile devices.Many of these mobile apps are dealing with sensitive or confidential information that requires good protection using strong user authentication.This study has proposed an improved user authentication model which is aimed not only to obtain strong user authentication but also to be acceptable by users.The strong user authentication is achieved using the combination of three security techniques namely multi-factoring, ciphering and watermarking techniques while the level of acceptance by users is measured using a quantitative research method.This method consists of three research instruments namely expert review, pilot study and survey.However, this paper only focuses on how the expert review is being carried out to obtain the consent whether the proposed model is valid and feasible.Questionnaires for the expert review are constructed based on the model being proposed including the techniques and targeted benefits.From the review results, a modification is required related to the number of expert reviewers to be increased.Others are just suggestions which are not critically affecting the study.With this modification being done, and justifications being made, the expert reviewers finally agree that the proposed model is valid and feasible.This means the proposed model is capable in providing strong and acceptable user authentication for mobile apps.
A Regression-like Classification System for Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming

Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming (GSGP) is a recent variant of Genetic Programming, that is gaining popularity thanks to its ability to induce a unimodal error surface for any supervised learning problem. Nevertheless, so far GSGP has been applied to the real world basically only on regression problems. This paper represents an attempt to apply GSGP to real world classification problems. Taking inspiration from Perceptron neural networks, we represent class labels as numbers and we use an activation function to constraint the output of the solutions in a given range of possible values. In this way, the classification problem is turned into a regression one, and traditional GSGP can be used. In this work, we focus on binary classification; logistic constraining outputs in [0,1] is used as an activation function and the class labels are transformed into 0 and 1. The use of the logistic activation function helps to improve the generalization ability of the system. The presented results are encouraging: our regression-based classification system was able to obtain results that are better than, or comparable to, the ones of a set of competitor machine learning methods, on a rather rich set of real-life test problems.
Design, Experience in the Implementation and Prospects of the Master's Program “Professionally Oriented Training in Mathematics”

The author's approach to the design of professional training of future teachers of higher mathematics involves filling the content of training with academic disciplines, research work and industrial practice, which are associated with the formation of competencies from the Federal state educational standard of higher education in the direction of training 44.04.01 Pedagogical education (master's level) and labor actions from the Professional standard Teacher of vocational training, vocational education and additional professional education. Training is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the principle of professional orientation and the Concept of development of mathematical education in the Russian Federation.