Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A Principled Approach to Analyze Expressiveness and Accuracy of Graph Neural Networks

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have known an increasing success recently, with many GNN variants achieving state-of-the-art results on node and graph classification tasks. The proposed GNNs, however, often implement complex node and graph embedding schemes, which makes it challenging to explain their performance. In this paper, we investigate the link between a GNN’s expressiveness, that is, its ability to map different graphs to different representations, and its generalization performance in a graph classification setting. In particular, we propose a principled experimental procedure where we (i) define a practical measure for expressiveness, (ii) introduce an expressiveness-based loss function that we use to train a simple yet practical GNN that is permutation-invariant, (iii) illustrate our procedure on benchmark graph classification problems and on an original real-world application. Our results reveal that expressiveness alone does not guarantee a better performance, and that a powerful GNN should be able to produce graph representations that are well separated with respect to the class of the corresponding graphs.
Task Dependent Group Coupling and Territorial Behavior on Large Tiled Displays

Large display environments are highly suitable for immersive analytics. They provide enough space for effective co-located collaboration and allow users to immerse themselves in the data. To provide the best setting - in terms of visualization and interaction - for the collaborative analysis of a real-world task, we have to understand the group dynamics during the work on large displays. Among other things, we have to study, what effects different task conditions will have on user behavior. In this paper, we investigated the effects of task conditions on group behavior regarding collaborative coupling and territoriality during co-located collaboration on a wall-sized display. For that, we designed two tasks: a task that resembles the information foraging loop and a task that resembles the connecting facts activity. Both tasks represent essential sub-processes of the sensemaking process in visual analytics and cause distinct space/display usage conditions. The information foraging activity requires the user to work with individual data elements to look into details. Here, the users predominantly occupy only a small portion of the display. In contrast, the connecting facts activity requires the user to work with the entire information space. Therefore, the user has to overview the entire display. We observed 12 groups for an average of two hours each and gathered qualitative data and quantitative data. During data analysis, we focused specifically on participants' collaborative coupling and territorial behavior. We could detect that participants tended to subdivide the task to approach it, in their opinion, in a more effective way, in parallel. We describe the subdivision strategies for both task conditions. We also detected and described multiple user roles, as well as a new coupling style that does not fit in either category: loosely or tightly. Moreover, we could observe a territory type that has not been mentioned previously in research. In our opinion, this territory type can affect the collaboration process of groups with more than two collaborators negatively. Finally, we investigated critical display regions in terms of ergonomics. We could detect that users perceived some regions as less comfortable for long-time work.
Subject Identification Using Walking Posture

Human posture can provide important information through non-verbal communication. In recent years, studies of human posture recognition are becoming more and more numerous in the areas of personal healthcare, environmental awareness, human-computer interaction and surveillance systems. This paper proposes a simple method of posture recognition during walking using the leg inclination. The developed system uses mobile phone tilt sensors and a deflection sensor. Mobile phones are positioned on the back of the foot above and below the knee and the Flex sensor is positioned on the foot. The purpose of this system is to identify the subject after the walking posture. The test analysis is conducted on four subjects of different height and mass. The results are compared using MATLAB processing algorithms.
Meredupnya Media Cetak, Dampak Kemajuan Teknologi Informasi

The closing of national and international print media is the impact of technological development today. Print media is faced with the high cost of production and the change of society using mass media to seek information. Invention Information technology and communication that allows all forms of information to digital create a major impact on the media, especially print media. Online media provides a new color for the press and news readers, the news is fast, easy to access, and cheap. Media that can not keep up with technology will be closed.
DVCast: denoising and variable dct for analog visual communications

Recently, analog visual transmission has attracted considerable attention owing to its graceful performance degradation for various wireless channels. In this study, we propose a novel analog visual communications system, named DVCast, in which an image denoising algorithm is used to fully utilize spatial correlation; moreover, the variable block size Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used to preserve more correlation information in an image. Obviously, there is a tradeoff between system performance and computing complexity. Therefore, to improve the real-time performance of the proposed system, implementation of Block Matching with 3D filtering (BM3D) and DCT by Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) is introduced. According to DCT block size, i.e., 8×8, 16×16, and 32×32, the schemes DVCast8, DVCast16, and DVCast32, respectively, are designed and implemented. Simulations show that DVCast with larger block size achieves better gain and visual quality than reference schemes. Moreover, it requires less computing time. DVCast32 outperforms conventional digital schemes by approximately 3.51 ​dB and achieves a 1.12 ​dB gain over state-of-the-art reference schemes. Furthermore, the analysis shows that DVCast can reduce overhead by at least 75%.
Classification of Micro-Texts Using Sub-Word Embeddings

Extracting features and writing styles from short text messages is always a challenge.Short messages, like tweets, do not have enough data to perform statistical authorship attribution.Besides, the vocabulary used in these texts is sometimes improvised or misspelled.Therefore, in this paper, we propose combining four feature extraction techniques namely character n-grams, word n-grams, Flexible Patterns and a new sub-word embedding using the skip-gram model.Our system uses a Multi-Layer Perceptron to utilize these features from tweets to analyze short text messages.This proposed system achieves 85% accuracy, which is a considerable improvement over previous systems.
Two-message verification of quantum computation.

In a recent breakthrough, Mahadev constructed an interactive protocol that enables a purely classical party to delegate any quantum computation to an untrusted quantum prover. In this work, we show that this same task can in fact be performed non-interactively and in zero-knowledge. Our protocols result from a sequence of significant improvements to the original four-message protocol of Mahadev. We begin by making the first message instance-independent and moving it to an offline setup phase. We then establish a parallel repetition theorem for the resulting three-message protocol, with an asymptotically optimal rate. This, in turn, enables an application of the Fiat-Shamir heuristic, eliminating the second message and giving a non-interactive protocol. Finally, we employ classical non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) arguments and classical fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) to give a zero-knowledge variant of this construction. This yields the first purely classical NIZK argument system for QMA, a quantum analogue of NP. We establish the security of our protocols under standard assumptions in quantum-secure cryptography. Specifically, our protocols are secure in the Quantum Random Oracle Model, under the assumption that Learning with Errors is quantumly hard. The NIZK construction also requires circuit-private FHE.
Improving learning vector quantization using data reduction

Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) is a supervised learning algorithm commonly used for statistical classification and pattern recognition. The competitive layer in LVQ studies the input vectors and classifies them into the correct classes. The amount of data involved in the learning process can be reduced by using data reduction methods. In this paper, we propose a data reduction method that uses geometrical proximity of the data. The basic idea is to drop sets of data that have many similarities and keep one representation for each set. By certain adjustments, the data reduction methods can decrease the amount of data involved in the learning process while still maintain the existing accuracy. The amount of data involved in the learning process can be reduced down to 33.22% for the abalone dataset and 55.02% for the bank marketing dataset, respectively.
Research on Performance Management of Reading Promotion Activities in Public Libraries

This paper introduces the performance management method into the management of public libraries' reading promotion activities.The literature analysis method and the empirical research method are used to study its scientific rationality to promote the enthusiasm of librarians and improve the efficiency of reading promotion activities.
Testing and Evaluation of the Mimic Defense Principle Verification System

In March 2014, China National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center (NDSC), together with No.32 Research Institute of China Electronic Technology Group Corporation (CECT), Zhejiang University (ZJU), Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shenzhen ZTE Corporation, Wuhan FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co. Ltd., Chengdu Maipu Communication Technology Co., Ltd., etc., undertook the research and development of the “cyberspace mimic defense principle verification system,” an assignment issued by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission. The assignment aims to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the mimic defense principle in the field of information and communication networks. For this purpose, it was broken down into two subjects of study: one is the mimic defense principle verification in the router environment (or mimic-structured router) for specific purposes; the other is the mimic defense principle verification in the web server environment (or mimic-structured web server) for general purposes. In November 2015, the R&D teams completed their verification systems, respectively, and conducted self-tests. In December 2015, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission submitted an application to the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China for testing of the systems. In January 2016, the Ministry of Science and Technology officially approved the application, and then Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission started the joint test and evaluation of the mimic defense principle verification systems. It is hereby declared that the data and information of this chapter mainly come from the records and documents generated during the test and evaluation processes.
Method of Proof of Work consensus algorithms comparison

A consensus algorithm is the most important part of any blockchain system. There are available various consensus algorithms that developers can utilize in their solutions, and such a decision making cannot be fully formalized due uncertainty in requirements and application environment. We propose a method that allows selecting of an optimal Proof of Work (PoW) consensus algorithm for newly developed blockchain system based on Analytic Hierarchy Process. Application of this method to various PoW algorithms with involvement of independent experts allowed to select dPoW as the best solution for the given conditions.
Study on Chinese Word Segmentation

&lt;p&gt;Search engine technology is widely applied currently, which gradually deepens the research of full-text retrieval technology and Chinese word segmentation technology. Chinese word segmentation is one of the key technologies of Chinese languages information, the quality of which directly affects the information processing efficiency of Chinese languages. &lt;/p&gt;
An Expert System for building a Cognitive and Career Prediction model based on N-Coin Puzzle Game

Career prediction is an essential aspect for an undergraduate student during his/her academic life.The academic grades obtained for different courses studied by a student are useful to predict the right career(s) for the student.Apart from theoretical subjects, the marks obtained in subjects like Communication, Aptitude, reasoning, etc. are also useful for predicting the appropriate career(s).Moreover, the authors proposed that evaluating the psychological factors viz.logical thinking, intelligence, patience and perseverance, learning ability, etc. of a student is highly essential to predict the most appropriate career(s) for a student.Playing games and solving puzzles are two powerful techniques that are useful to evaluate some of the aforesaid psychological factors.An expert system designed that creates n-coin puzzles for a student and the students' attempts to solve them all.The expert system evaluates the levels of psychological factors viz.logical thinking, patience, and perseverance and learning ability of a student both quantitatively and qualitatively.This system builds a cognitive model of the student.This system maintains a career(s) table wherein each job and the corresponding minimum levels of psychological factors of a student that are needed to perform that job successfully.The system explores and finds suitable jobs for a student basing on his/her cognitive model.
The role of the first five formants in three vowels of mandarin for forensic voice analysis

Formant characteristics are most commonly part of forensic speaker comparison (FSC). However, only formants F1 to F3 typically occur in evidence material because it is mostly recorded via telephone. Given recent technological advances in telephony (e.g. WeChat or WhatsApp) higher formants (F4-F5) are becoming increasingly part of evidence material. The present study investigated the speaker- distinguishing properties of F1 to F5 of three sustained vowels /i/, /y/ and /ɤ/ in Mandarin produced by 20 young male speakers. Based on discriminant analysis, for each single formant, the best predictors were F5 for /i/ and F4 for /y/ and /ɤ/. Classification performance varied between vowels. Inclusion of two and three formants yielded higher classification rates of 30−80%. The best value was provided by the combination of F2, F4 and F5 of /ɤ/. The value and limitations of F4 and F5 for FSC are discussed.
Steganalysis method efficient for the hidden communication channel with low capacity

The Least Significant Bit (the LSB-method) remains one of the main steganalysis methods used nowadays for the hidden communication channel organization. One of the features of the current use of the LSB method is an organizing of the hidden communication channel with low capacity. Under such conditions, the vast majority of existing steganalysis methods is ineffective. This paper is dedicated to the development of a new steganalysis method for detection of additional information in digital images embedded by the least significant bit modification. The method is based on the perturbation theory and matrix analysis and effective under the low capacity of the hidden communication channel. This method is based on the analysis of the normalized gap of maximum singular numbers for non-intersecting blocks of an image matrix, obtained by its standard splitting. It is shown that conversion of a digital image from the lossless format to the lossy format with different quality factors will lead to a monotonous increase in the number of blocks for which the normalized gap of block’s maximum singular number increases with a decrease in the quality factor used in compression of the source image. This monotony will be broken in the case when the image originally stored in lossy format is being re-stored in lossy format. The conclusion made is the basis for the developed steganalysis method and the algorithm that implements it, which has polynomial complexity of degree 2. The proposed algorithm exceeds in efficiency the existing analogues when the embedding rate is less then 0.1 bits per pixel and effective for color and grayscale images. The conclusions are confirmed by the given results of a computational experiment, which have involved more than 5,000 digital images.
Lessons Learned from Large-Scale Refactoring

Google maintains a large multi-language codebase containing hundreds of millions of lines code across many different projects. Over the past several years, our team has developed processes which enable us to update that codebase efficiently at scale. In this talk, I discuss some of the lessons which we have learned and existing open problems in the space.
Discrete quantum computation and Lagrange’s four-square theorem

We study a problem that arises naturally in the discrete quantum computation model introduced in Gatti and Lacalle (Quantum Inf Process 17:192, 2018). Given an orthonormal system of discrete quantum states of level k $$(k\in \mathbb {N})$$, can this system be extended to an orthonormal basis of discrete quantum states of the same level? This question turns out to be a difficult problem in number theory with very deep implications. In this article, we focus on the simplest version of the problem, 2-qubit systems with integers (instead of Gaussian integers) as coordinates, but with normalization factor $$\sqrt{p}$$ $$(p\in \mathbb {N}^*)$$, instead of $$\sqrt{2^k}$$, being p a prime number. With these simplifications, we prove the following orthogonal version of Lagrange’s four-square theorem: Given a prime number p and $$v_1,\dots ,v_k\in \mathbb {Z}^4$$, $$1\le k\le 3$$, such that $$\Vert v_i\Vert ^2=p$$ for all $$1\le i\le k$$ and $$\langle v_i|v_j\rangle =0$$ for all $$1\le i<j\le k$$, then there exists a vector $$v=(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4)\in \mathbb {Z}^4$$ such that $$\langle v_i|v\rangle =0$$ for all $$1\le i\le k$$ and $$\begin{aligned} \Vert v\Vert ^2=x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2+x_4^2=p. \end{aligned}$$This means that, in $$\mathbb {Z}^4$$, any system of orthogonal vectors of norm p can be completed to a basis. Besides, we conjecture that the result holds for every integer norm $$p\ge 1$$ and for every space $$\mathbb {Z}^n$$ where $$n\equiv 0\,\text {mod}\,4$$, and that the initial question has a positive answer.
The Data Aggregation Lab Software

This paper describes the Data Aggregation Lab software tool, which implements the metadata aggregation workflow of Cultural Heritage, based on semantic technologies. It aims to provide a framework to support several aspects of our research, such as conducting case studies, provide reference implementations, and support technology adoption. Currently, it provides working implementations of data aggregation methods with which Europeana research has obtained positive results. These methods explore technologies such as linked data, Schema.org, IIIF, Sitemaps and RDF.
The Effects of Sustainability Disclosure on the Quality of Financial Reports in Saudi Business Environment

The research aimed to measure the effect of accounting disclosure of sustainable development on the quality of financial reports for selected companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange. The independent variable is represented by the accounting disclosure about the sustainable development which includes quality and quantity of disclosure. The dependent variable is represented by the quality of financial report quality (QFR), which has been measured through discretionary accruals, accounting conservatism and asymmetry of information. The study adopted content analysis methodology to examine the financial reports of (153) company listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange during the year 2018. Our research concluded that there is a significant and negative correlation between the accounting disclosure of sustainable development and both discretionary accruals and information asymmetry, this found result can be explained by the fact that increasing disclosure of sustainability leads to a decrease in the value of discretionary accruals and information asymmetry. Moreover, our research concluded that there is a positive and significant correlation between accounting disclosure of sustainable development and accounting conservatism, this found result can be explained by the fact that increasing disclosure of sustainability leads to a increase in the value of accounting conservatism.
Preconditions of Digital Violence at Primary Schools

The use of the Internet provides many opportunities for the psychosocial development of pupils: from communication, entertainment, to acquiring the skills of digital, information and critical literacy, essential for life in the 21 st century.However, the results of the survey show that children on the Internet, besides positive ones, also experience different negative experiences and digital violence.The authors of this paper are analyzing the digital violence relevantfor the protection of children as Internet users in the Republic of Serbia.A survey among the pupils of one primary school in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in the Republic of Serbia, was carried out.Accordingly, interdisciplinary research including pupils' perception ofdigital violence and protection on the Internet.The conducted research has confirmed the hypothesis that there are prerequisites for digital violence in elementary schools.
Towards an Ontology of Requirements Engineering Approaches

Requirements are a key factor in determining the success or failure of the system development process. Requirements engineering is a creative problem-solving process whose primary purpose is to enable researchers and practitioners to apply appropriate theories, models, techniques and tools to understand and support the requirements processes more effectively. However, there is a multitude of ways to conduct the requirements engineering process and the quality of the requirements can be greatly influenced by the approaches employed. While consensus exists that no one approach works in all situations, how do practitioners and researchers select the most relevant and appropriate approach(es)? In order to understand this, we argue that a community-based effort is required to organise the plethora of requirements engineering approaches into an ontology. Such a structure would provide an opportunity to identify gaps and to improve the interfaces between approaches. Crowdsourcing the development and validation of such an ontology would facilitate its application across different system types and application domains.