Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Analysis of errors in the writing of content in dissertations and their impact on the learning of foreign languages: A case study in Ghana

The average postgraduate student in Ghana has about 20 years exposure in English language, having been taught and instructed in English from primary to tertiary level. It is, therefore, not far-fetched to expect the postgraduate student to commit minimal to no errors in their L2 writings. The seeming consequential minimal scholarly attention on errors in postgraduate writings regardless of the many studies on students’ errors is therefore not surprising. This study is an attempt to identify, categorise and describe the errors in postgraduate dissertations in Ghana and highlight its implications for language teaching. This exploratory qualitative study carries out a content analysis of 20 randomly selected MA, MPhil and PhD dissertations published between 2020 and 2021. The data are analysed using the theory of Error Analysis. After critically assessing the dissertations, seven (7) categories of concord errors were identified and recorded. These are; subject-verb concord errors, inverted subject concord errors, concord errors associated with ‘has’ and ‘have’, determiner-noun errors, concord errors on numbers, noun-pronoun antecedent errors and compound subject concord errors. This implies that postgraduate students are prone to errors, hence, the need to introduce or intensify the teaching of English at the postgraduate level.
Enriching students’ language skills for grade 8

This study assessed the five language skills such as listening, speaking, reading, writing, and viewing and tested their significant relationship with the Grade 8 students’ Average English Grades at Guihulngan National High School-Poblacion, Negros Oriental, school year 2018-2019. Based on the findings, enrichment activities were proposed. The descriptive method was utilized in interpreting the data gathered from the rating sheets showing the students’ English grades, and the adapted questionnaire, testing the skills. Simple Percentage, Weighted Mean, MPS, and T-test were used as statistical tools. The Grade 8 students were Fairly Satisfactory in listening, speaking, and viewing, while they Did Not Meet Expectations in reading and writing. Overall, their performance level was Fairly Satisfactory. Additionally, it was disclosed that the majority or 48 percent of the respondents obtained the general average of Fairly Satisfactory. Moreover, the test of significance revealed that listening, speaking, viewing, and writing have a positive significant relationship with the students’ English grades. However, reading skill was found to have no significant relationship with the students’ grades though both variables possess a positive low correlation. Based on the findings, it can be said that the English Performance level of the Grade 8 students was far below the standard set by the Department of Education which an is Outstanding level, and that Grade in English was a determinant of the Performance level of the respondents. Thus, it is highly recommended that the output of this study be implemented.
Software Code Refactoring: A Comprehensive Review

The complexity of software has increased because of the development as well as the difficulty of requirements during the development of software, or to add new features that eventually lead to reduce the quality of the software as a whole.Software refactoring can be defined as included processes in the maintenance period of a software life cycle, and it is a technique to clean the software code from code bad smell and to improve the internal structure of the software, in addition to increasing the quality of software by using a set of activities without changing the external behavior of a software.Researchers have been developing techniques to reform software during the code or design standard to decrease the effort and time required for maintenance processes.This paper provides a systematic review of the literature for 17 studies of code standards, An automatic search is utilized in the digital libraries to look for the relevant studies that were published from 2014 to 2021, the best five researchers are chosen in this subject, five studies or less are chosen for each depending on the number of reference in the database of scientific sites, or using an approach or a new method to get good results.Eventually, each paragraph is analyzed and mentions the method or algorithm used in rebuilding software, further the aims, and the result for each paper.
Quasi-experimental study of the effect of the snowball-throwing learning model on learning outcomes in social studies subjects

Social studies subjects are often considered boring, saturated, and monotonous. This affects students' learning outcomes, so we need a method that can increase students' interest in learning social studies subjects. This study aims to compare student learning outcomes before the application of the snowball-throwing learning model and after the implementation of the snowball-throwing learning model, as well as its effect on student learning outcomes. The research method used in this study is a quasi-experimental design with no equivalent groups pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were Class VIII students at SMPN 1 Semarang. The random sampling technique (Probability sampling) has been applied in this research. The sample of this study consisted of classes, namely the Experimental and Control classes, which were selected from existing classes. The experimental class was class VIII I, which applied the snowball-throwing learning model, while the control class was class VIII J which applied the conventional learning model. The results of this study are that students' learning outcomes in social studies subjects before implementing the snowball-throwing model tended to be lower. In contrast, students' learning outcomes became higher after the snowball-throwing model's implementation. The conclusion is that the snowball-throwing learning model has an effect and can improve the learning outcomes of class VIII students in social studies subjects.
DETERMINATION OF CHANGES IN FIELD AREA WITH FOOD-SUPPORTING CAPACITY USING REMOTE SENSING IN AGAM

West Sumatra Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is the best rice producer in Indonesia, but a large number of conversions to paddy fields has resulted in food threats for the local population, data from the Ministry of Agriculture states that the decline in paddy fields in West Sumatra in 2008 was 228,176 ha. , in 2009 amounted to 229,693 ha, then in 2010 amounted to 231,463 ha, and in 2011 amounted to 229,368 ha, then decreased in 2012 amounted to 224,182 ha and in the area of West Sumatra Cities that experienced land conversion, namely Agam Regency, conversion of agricultural land to non-use Agriculture is a threat to national food security.
INTERPRETATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGE TO RASANG AND LOST SHIP IRRIGATION CHANNEL KOTO TANGAH SUB-DISTRICT, PADANG CITY

This type of research is quantitative descriptive, with image interpretation through high-resolution images, and primary data as a source of data obtained through field surveys. The technique for determining informants is Total Sampling. The population in this study are villages in the Koto Tangah District, Padang City. This analysis uses quantitative analysis, namely on-screen digitization using the Arcgis application. Based on the results of research and discussion on High-Resolution Image Interpretation for Identification of Irrigation Channel Damage in Kasang and Kapalo Hilalang, Koto Tangah District, Padang City, the results obtained, namely the identification of irrigation canals using high-resolution imagery produces sufficient data in accordance with the conditions field. Based on the field survey, the condition of the network damage for the Hilalang Headquarters, starting from the weir building to BKH 1 was heavily damaged, BKH 2 to BKH 6 was moderately damaged. Starting from BKH 7 to BKH 8 still has good conditions. While the condition of the Kasang II irrigation canal from the weir to BKD 5 is still in good condition. BKD 6 to BKD 7 is moderately damaged. In contrast to BKD 4, it is in good condition, while parts of BAA 1 to 3 are in moderately damaged condition. The shape of the irrigation image in the city of Padang is tortuous, this is influenced by the topography of the area around the river which consists of community rice fields. The pattern shown in the image of the irrigation canal in the city of Padang is elongated, this shows the flow of the river from the upstream area to the downstream area of ​​the river. The texture that is displayed in the image of the irrigation canal in the city of Padang has a smooth texture. The site shown in the image of the irrigation canal in the city of Padang is side by side with the rice fields belonging to the community in the Koto Tangah District.
Intelligent Modeling for In-Home Reading and Spelling Programs

Technology-based in-home reading and spelling programs have the potential to compensate for the lack of sufficient instructions provided at schools. However, the recent COVID-19 pandemic showed the immaturity of the existing remote teaching solutions. Consequently, many students did not receive the necessary instructions. This paper presents a model for developing intelligent reading and spelling programs. The proposed approach is based on an optimization model that includes artificial neural networks and linear regression to maximize the educational value of the pedagogical content. This model is personalized, tailored to the learning ability level of each user. Regression models were developed for estimating the lexical difficulty in the literacy tasks of auditory and visual lexical decision, word naming, and spelling. For building these regression models, 55 variables were extracted from French lexical databases that were used with the data from lexical mega-studies. Forward stepwise analysis was conducted to identify the top 10 most important variables for each lexical task. The results showed that the accuracy of the models (based on root mean square error) reached 88.13% for auditory lexical decision, 89.79% for visual lexical decision, 80.53% for spelling, and 83.86% for word naming. The analysis of the results showed that word frequency was a key predictor for all the tasks. For spelling, the number of irregular phoneme-graphemes was an important predictor. The auditory word recognition depended heavily on the number of phonemes and homophones, while visual word recognition depended on the number of homographs and syllables. Finally, the word length and the consistency of initial grapheme-phonemes were important for predicting the word-naming reaction times.
Sentiment Analysis: Methods, Applications, and Future Directions

Abstract: Sentiment analysis is a rapidly evolving field that aims to automatically identify and extract subjective information from text data. In recent years, sentiment analysis has gained widespread attention due to its potential applications in various domains, such as marketing, social media analysis, and customer feedback analysis. In this review paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of sentiment analysis techniques, including traditional rule-based methods, machine learning-based methods, and deep learning-based methods. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these methods and compare their performance in various settings. Furthermore, we examine the challenges and opportunities in sentiment analysis research and present future directions for the field. Overall, this review aims to provide a critical assessment of sentiment analysis techniques, applications, and future developments, and to assist researchers and practitioners in understanding the state-of-the-art in this important area of natural language processing
Pedagogical Philosophy as a New Independent Scientific Theory

The challenges of the modern, global, fast-changing world require that theoreticians and practitioners in the sphere of education should focus their efforts not only on finding innovative forms, methods and technologies of teaching, but also on reconsidering the entire philosophy of organization and functioning of the educational space, which inevitably leads to the need of developing a new independent scientific and pedagogical theory – pedagogical philosophy. Comparing pedagogical philosophy with the philosophy of education (teaching), defining the subject and object of the new pedagogical science, the author formulates its main elements: a) the leading ideas; b) the basic concepts and categories; c) the fundamental laws and regularities; d) the main principles and rules of application of the theory in practice during the organization of educational processes in real time. The main ideas of the new theory of pedagogical philosophy are as follows: The idea of recognizing the life of the younger generation and each individual person as the main and leading value of the entire educational space that has been built or is currently being built; The idea of showing an essential and constant concern of the adult generation for the conditions, development and strengthening of the comprehensive health of the younger generation at all the stages of their maturation; The idea of introducing psychological and pedagogical, socio-pedagogical and philosophical-pedagogical favoring for a free development and maturation of the younger generation and each individual person in real time in the educational space; The idea of the imperative of restricting, at all levels of educational administration, permissive, prohibitive and controlling functions and expanding organizational and search-and-creative ones, focused on the protection of comprehensive health of the younger generations and the introduction of constructive processes in their real life by fully suppressing and limiting the destructive ones.
The Relationship between Neuropedagogic Approaches and the Formation of Skills of Primary School Students

The article analyzes the relationship between neuropedagogic approaches and the formation of skills of primary school students. Educational technology design potentially introduces another area of expertise and a new set of issues that require the integration of neuroscience, education, and technology concepts and insights. The educational process involves the implementation of a conceptual education system that begins with the child entering the first grade and ends with obtaining a qualification for a person. Therefore, studying involves an educational process, as a result of which certain competencies will be acquired. Thus, education will be effective for a person only when the degree of acquired competencies of the child at school, their value orientations and readiness for education are taken into account. So, in order to introduce effective education, we chose the direction of research on the study, analysis, justification of measures to increase the level of motivation of children to the educational process based on the conclusions of neuropedagogy. For the purpose of the study, the integration method of synthesis of the figurative structure was applied, for analysis on the theory and learning technology. Methods of synthesis in the pedagogical activity of the study can be traced on a number of educational technologies. The results of the study show that in general, neuropedagogic teaching technologies contribute to increasing motivation to learn among primary school children.
Crossover Rate Sorting in Adaptive Differential Evolution

Differential evolution (DE) is a popular and efficient heuristic numerical optimization algorithm that has found many applications in various fields. One of the main disadvantages of DE is its sensitivity to parameter values. In this study, we investigate the effect of the previously proposed crossover rate sorting mechanism on modern versions of DE. The sorting of the crossover rates, generated by a parameter adaptation mechanism prior to applying them in the crossover operation, enables the algorithm to make smaller changes to better individuals, and larger changes to worse ones, resulting in better exploration and exploitation. The experiments in this study were performed on several modern algorithms, namely L-SHADE-RSP, NL-SHADE-RSP, NL-SHADE-LBC and L-NTADE and two benchmark suites of test problems, CEC 2017 and CEC 2022. It is shown that crossover rate sorting does not result in significant additional computational efforts, but may improve results in certain scenarios, especially for high-dimensional problems.
Evaluation of Videos with COVID-19 and CPR Content on YouTube

Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the compliance of the scientific, quality, and educational content of YouTube videos with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with the American Health Association 2020 current resuscitation guideline. Method:The first 70 most watched videos were recorded for evaluation by typing Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and CPR as keywords in the search engine of the YouTube homepage.The videos were evaluated according to the criteria of inclusion in the study, and the source of the videos, by whom they were uploaded, the length of the video, the number of days uploaded, the number of views and likes, the global quality score (GQS), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score and the m-DISCERN scoring systems were recorded to detect the characteristics of the videos.These data were evaluated statistically.Results: 21% of the evaluated videos were uploaded by doctors and 79% by healthcare providers.The average video length was 3.945 seconds, the average number of views was 9104.37, and the average number of like was 61.70.The mean GQS was 4.24, mean JAMA score was 3.06, and mean m-DISCERN score was 3.76.There was no statistically significant difference between both the loaders. Conclusion:YouTube videos were found to be accurate and appropriate for scientific content.The reliability of YouTube, which is a visual video content, is significantly meaningful, especially about how healthcare professionals will perform CPR during the COVID-19 pandemic.
UTILIZATION OF IMAGE SENTINEL-1 SAR FOR IDENTIFICATION OF FLOOD DISTRIBUTION AREA In PANGKALAN KOTO BARU SUMATERA DISTRICT

This research was conducted to determine the flood distribution area in Pangkalan Koto Baru District. Using the Normalized Difference Sigma Index (NDSI) method. By using this remote sensing method, it is possible to identify the flood distribution areas in Pangkalan Koto Baru District on March 15 2017.&#x0D; In this study, the identification of flood distribution areas using Sentinel-1 satellite imagery data. The sentinel-1 image data needed is before the flood (20 February 2017) and at the time of the flood (15 March 2017). Furthermore, Sentinel-1 Image processing begins with a subset, some radiometric corrections and geometric corrections. The Normalized Difference Sigma Index (NDSI) method is used to identify the flood distribution which is then vectorized.&#x0D; The results of the study have taken that based on the results of flood analysis using the GIS technique the area identified as flooding in this study is 41561.172 Ha. In Nagari Tanjuang Pauah it is ± 2454.301 Ha, Nagari Tanjuang Balik is ± 2076.138 Ha, Nagari Pangkalan is ± 14765.141 Ha, Nagari Mangilang is ± 917.724 Ha, Nagari Koto Alam is ± 8361.579 Ha, and Nagari Gunuang Manggilang is ± 917.724 Ha.
Web-Based Reporting Vulnerabilities System for Cyber Security Maintenance

To maintain secure web services and IT infrastructure, this has proposed the prototype of a vulnerability reporting system. Among these reporting systems developed to deal with problems of maintenance and analysis report management system which not yet been implemented in the cyber security scanning tool, Nessus. The system, which was designed to manage and analyze cyber security maintenance by focusing on vulnerability reports, was based on web-based technology. To ensure that the prototyping system could be used quickly, the development process employed the prototyping-rapid application development technique. The administrator of this system may easily manage and keep track of the report following the activity of scanning the cyber security maintenance for vulnerabilities.
Performance Analysis of Dual Axis Solar Tracker, Single Axis Solar Tracker and Fixed Array Configuration

Solar energy has become popular source of renewable energy owing to its cheap electricity generation and relatively low construction cost. With integration of solar PV tracking system, the electricity generation has boomed in its operating lifetime. This paper present performance analysis of dual axis solar tracker, single axis solar tracker and fixed array configuration in terms of energy generation and efficiency. Three solar experimental setups are designed, fabricated and tested. The experiment was conducted in Thimphu (27.415647N, 89.621183E) and obtained power generation data from 15-21 of March 2022. The sun tracking and data logging is performed by Arduino Uno microcontroller. The data obtained is analyzed to obtain results using Microsoft excel.
PENERAPAN METODE ROLE PLAYING DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 12 SINDUE

This study aims to improve the results of learning Indonesian using the role playing method for fourth grade students at SDN 12 Sindue, Donggala Regency. In the Indonesian subject, grade IV students have not been able to achieve the KKM that has been determined by the teacher. This type of research is classroom action research in collaboration with class IV teachers at SDN 12 Sindue. The subjects in this study were teachers and fourth grade students at SDN 12 Sindue, totaling 23 students. The data collection technique in this study was through evaluation tests and observations during the learning process. Data analysis in this study used descriptive qualitative and quantitative observation sheets to describe the results of the scores obtained by students. The results of the study show that learning Indonesian by applying role playing learning can improve the learning outcomes of fourth grade students at SDN 12 Sindue, Donggala Regency. An increase in student learning outcomes occurred after carrying out the role playing method, namely students playing roles with their group mates on message material over the phone to understand Indonesian language lessons. Indonesian language learning outcomes increased from cycle 1 to cycle 2. The percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes increased from 69.57% to 82.61%. Students who don't participate in groups are approached by the teacher and directed to ask their friends so that all students can understand the material and can play their roles well. It can be concluded that the use of the role playing method can improve the learning outcomes of Indonesian in grade IV elementary school students.