Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Partially observable Markov Decision Process to prioritize software defects

Background: Bug tracking systems receive many bug reports daily. Although the software quality team aims to identify and resolve these bugs, they are never able to fix all of the reported bugs in the issue tracking system before the release deadline. However, postponing the bug fixing may have some consequences. Prioritization of bug reports will help the software manager decide which bugs to fix and which bugs to postpone. Typically, bug reports are prioritized based on the severity, priority, time and effort for fixing, customer pressure, etc. Aim: Previous studies have shown that these factors may not be appropriate for prioritization. Therefore, relying on them to automate bug prioritization might be misleading. In this dissertation, we aim to prioritize bug reports with respect to the consequence of not fixing the bugs in terms of their relative importance in the issue tracking system. Method: In order to measure the relative importance of bugs in the issue tracking system, we propose the construction of a dependency graph based on the reported dependency-blocking information in the issue tracking system. Two metrics, namely depth and degree, are used to measure the relative importance of the bugs. However, there is uncertainty in the dependency graph structure as the dependency information is discovered manually and gradually. Owing to this uncertainty, prioritization of bugs in the descending order of depth and degree may be misleading. To handle the uncertainty, we propose a novel approach of a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and partially observable Monte Carlo planning (POMCP). Result: To check the feasibility of the proposed approach, we analyzed seven years of data from an open source project, Firefox, and a commercial project. We compared the proposed policy with the developer policy, maximum policy, and random policy. Conclusion: The results suggest that software practitioners do not consider the relative importance of bugs in their current practice. The proposed framework can be combined with practitioners’ expertise to prioritize bugs more effectively and take the depth and degree of bugs into account. In practice, the POMDP framework with the POMCP planner can help practitioners sequentially select bugs to minimize the connectivity of the dependency graph.
Travel Agent Students' English Reading Materials: Students' Perspective

The study aims to study travel agent students' perception and needs toward English reading materials used in English learning at Vocational High School. Two sets of questionnaires were used to collect the data of the study. The first set of the questionnaire was used to find out students' perceptions, and the other one was used to analyze the needs of the students. The needs analysis was done based on four aspects of needs assessment: TSA, PSA, Deficiency Analysis, and Strategy Analysis. Afterwards, the obtained data were analyzed quantitatively. The results indicated that the students viewed English as an essential subject to learn. Furthermore, the students also perceived that integrating technology and Palembang culture into the English reading materials (textbook) was important in this 21st-century era. Besides, the students also believed that the current materials learned at school were not yet suitable for their needs, and they currently had difficulties learning English. In addition, the students hoped the reading materials contained the 21st-century skills and their local cultures related to their major. Based on the needs analysis results, further steps were necessary to provide the English reading materials integrated to Palembang local culture, which could facilitate students to improve their English proficiency in line with their department and the demands of the 21st century.
Improving KRN.BGT’s Product Knowledge through the List of FAQs on KRN.BGT’s Instagram Stories Highlights

Established in April 2020 by Budi Santosa, KRN.BGT is a fashion brand from Jogja Painting that produces artistic masks by collaborating with other local artists. KRN.BGT is targeting people aged 20s-30s who like visual arts. Although it has a well-designed Instagram account, they still receive many questions from their customers and potential customers regarding their products through Instagram direct messages and comments. Therefore, I decided to improve KRN.BGT’s product knowledge by creating a list of FAQs of its products on its Instagram Stories Highlights, compiled from the direct messages and comments by applying the theories of good FAQs by Biroscak (2019) and color contrast from Alscher (2019) and Evans (2019). I found three USPs from my observation and survey, namely adjustable, suitable for adults and children, and customizable; and include them into the list of FAQs, so its existing and potential customers know more about its products. Keywords: product knowledge, FAQ, Instagram, Instagram Stories Highlights
EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEAKSARAAN FUNGSIONAL BERBASIS KOMPETENSI SEBAGAI WAY OF LIFE WARGA BELAJAR

Abstract: Literacy education as a way of life, for all groups so that it can exist in his life. This goals of study to reveal how well the competencies of citizens studying literacy education correlate with aspects of life. The research method uses an evaluation study that aims to find out how well the achievement of learning competencies of citizens in the learning program period. The study was conducted in Southeast Sulawesi with a tiered sampling method, random sampling, with a sample of 350 people studying functional adult literacy education. Research Time January to March 2020. The results of the study stated that literacy learning in adults has a significant effect on the functional competencies of life of learning citizens namely (1) competence to motivate self-learning citizens; (2) competence in doing family micro business; (3) competence has practical skills; (4) competence to access employment; (5) competence in a healthy lifestyle; (6) competence in communicating using Indonesian; (7) competence in the use of technology in daily life; (8) environmental preservation competencies; (9) disaster mitigation competencies; (10) competency obligations and rights as citizens; (11) cultural preservation competencies; (12) physical fitness and recreation competency.
Traffic Controlling System

Abstract: In the present era, the population of people living in cities and the number of vehicles on the road is growing by the day. The necessity to govern lanes, thruways, and streets has become a significant concern as the urban population and, as a result, the number of vehicles has grown. Today's traffic framework places minimal emphasis on real-time traffic conditions, resulting in inefficient traffic management systems. Therefore, to overcome such limitations or drawbacks of the present system, the current research proposes a smart and efficient traffic management system that can analyze real-time traffic and take appropriate action. This is achieved by the application of an image processing technique, that would capture the real-time pictures of the paths to compare with the reference image of the path. The evaluation matrix is created to decide the amount of time each light must be on. In addition, an evaluation matrix is created. The purpose of the evaluation matrix is to determine how long each light must be turned on. The MATLAB 7.8 was used to perform the study.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE FORMATION OF INFORMATION COMPETENCE PHYSICS TEACHER

The analysis of the concept of «information competence», explored the possibility of computer simulation in the formation of information competence physics teacher. The conditions of formation of information competence of a physics teacher on the basis of computer modeling are substantiated: appropriate level of teacher preparation for such work at school (deep understanding of the content of physics course, mastery of programming methods and computer technology, knowledge of teaching methods); availability of quality computer training programs; preliminary preparation of the teacher (students) to work with the computer; awareness of the teacher (students) with the elements of the modeling method (the concept of the model, the modeling method, the classification of models, the elements of modeling theory, etc.); an integrated approach to the use of various tools in the study of relevant sections of physics; compliance with safety, sanitation and hygiene requirements. It is established that the following educational computer models can be considered as qualitative, in which the basic principles of didactics are taken into account: the computer model corresponds to the principle of scientificity; ensures the availability of education, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of students; provides conscious and active action of the user while working with the program; provides a sufficient amount of information for inductive inferences and generalizations; gives an opportunity to deeply interpret certain issues of the curriculum; meets the standard requirements of the interface; allows to create new approaches to methods of teaching physics; save an hour for the student, the teacher. It is concluded that the information competence of a teacher depends on which program (computer model) to use, how to combine it with other teaching methods, how to organize work with a computer for different categories of students, and so on.
IMPLEMENTASI PERMAINAN BUAH ROMAWI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BILANGAN ROMAWI PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD

This study aims to improve learning outcomes of Roman numerals through the Buah Romawi game in grade IVa students at SD Negeri Pacitan. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research. As the research subjects were 32 students of grade IVa at SD Negeri Pacitan. As the research object is the learning outcomes of Roman numerals obtained from learning. Data collection techniques using observations, tests and documentations. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results showed that learning through the Buah Romawi game could improve the learning outcomes of grade IVa students at SDN Pacitan. The average score of student’s learning outcomes obtained from the pre-cycle test was 58.75, increasing to 64.53 in the first cycle and increasing again to 71.72 in the second cycle. The percentage of classical class completeness at the pre-cycle stage was 25% (8 students completed), increased to 41% (13 students completed) in first cycle and increased again to 75% (24 students completed) in second cycle. With the success indicators of Classroom Action Research that have been achieved, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Buah Romawi game can improve the learning outcomes of Roman numerals in grade IVa students at SD Negeri Pacitan.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TASK BASED LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA TEKS BERBAHASA INGGRIS SISWA

This Class Action research was conducted to look at students' improved reading skills through interesting and varied reading materials and the design of diverse reading tasks in English subjects and found the obstacles they faced in improving their reading skills. This research was conducted on students of class XII IPS1 SMA N I Kecamatan Kapur IX, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. The research was conducted in two cycles. Data is obtained through pre-test results, observation sheets, field records, fill formats, and post-tests.Â The results of each cycle are analyzed both in terms of process and repeat/test results. In terms of the process can be observed from the enthusiasm of students in answering questions both oral and written accurately. In terms of results, judging from the results of the replay carried out at the end of each cycle. Furthermore, the results of each cycle analysis are used as a reference for the learning of the next cycle. Through observations, questionnaires, test results every cycle, and post-tests, the results of this study show students enjoy reading learning and there is an increase in their abilities. Learning to read in English will be more successful if the teacher uses interesting readings, tasks that vary in delivering the material. For that, the teacher must be more active in preparing manuscripts - varied English scripts and challenging tasks.
Workshop Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah untuk Publikasi Jurnal Nasional Terakreditasi Sinta di IAIN Kediri

This service is in the form of a seminar that aims to provide understanding to students in writing accredited national scientific articles. This service activity was carried out at IAIN Kediri. This seminar activity consists of 4 activities, namely: presentation of material by the servant, review of scientific articles of one of the students by the servant, question and answer, and evaluation of community service. The results of the evaluation of this service activity show that the percentage of the questionnaire filling score is 86.6% which is in the high category which means that this workshop is very successful in providing understanding to participants in writing scientific articles. This success was due to good cooperation between the committee, presenters, and participants in participating in this workshop. Pengabdi recommends that so that students can write scientific articles, students must understand three knowledge, namely about: writing stages, writing scientific article components and submitting scientific articles to journals.
HUMANITARIAN-ORIENTED TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES AT SCHOOL

The humanitarian potential of school mathematics and natural science disciplines for the education of a person who has a unified representation of the modern picture of the world, its scope and content require more and more study. The humanities-oriented teaching of mathematics and natural sciences at school is implemented in the learning process within the framework of traditional academic disciplines and has the full means for the comprehensive and harmonious development of the student's personality. The use of components of literature, language, history of the native land in the implementation of programs of mathematical, natural science education contributes to the development of interest in learning, the formation of personal values of students. Cognitive interest is created and maintained through the design of problem situations in the classroom, through the development of the ability to solve, develop plot problems that form functional (mathematical and natural science) literacy. The combination of natural science and humanitarian approaches in the representation and assessment of the world in the process of mastering the content of educational disciplines will spiritually enrich every student.
An Intelligent High Performance Automatic Sentiment Analysis Model Creation using Deep Convolution Neural Network

With the advancement of data and communications technology, social media platforms and small news blogs serve as significant sources of data. In a small blogging forum, people can share their opinions, complaints, feelings and behaviors about the topic, current problems, and products. Emotional examination is an significant examination area in natural language processing that intends to target the emotion of the source material. Twitter is a well-liked stage where people around the globe can interrelate through user-produced messages. Data received from Twitter can give out as a primary source for many applications, together with event recognition, news recommendations as well as emergency supervision. In the categorization of emotions, recognition of suitable sub feature set acts an significant role. LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) is a research program for text examination to retrieve psychometric features from text documents. In this article this work present a psychometric method called the intelligent high performance automatic sentiment analysis model (IHPASAM) for Twitter emotion analysis. In this scheme, this work employed two main types of LIWC (linguistic processes along with psychological) as feature sets. To discover the predictive efficiency of dissimilar feature engineering systems, five supervised learning techniques (Naïve Bayes, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor algorithm, support vector machines as well as convolution neural network) along with proposed Intelligent Deep Convolution Neural Network (IDCNN) are employed. Investigational outcome show that the ensemble feature sets provides a superior predictive efficiency than the individual set.
An Enhanced Technique to discover web data extraction and Data mining in Multi Cloud Server

Data mining is a critical stage in the Knowledge Discovery process acquire from databases (KDD), thus a new approach that’s can joint with online data process of extraction, which serves as data gathering from the global network ( web), and data mining techniques is required.The primary contribution of this study is the proposal of a system for collecting categorical online data on several cloud servers while ensuring data security and integrity for consumers. The algorithms' effectiveness employed inside our technique is illustrated using clustered sections of the data that should be encrypted inside the cloud server combining the three clustering measurements precision, recall, and accuracy. We proposed KeyGen algorithm to maintain data security by using cryptographic concepts with respective ABE (attribute-based encryption) and cypher text policy (cypher text policy) are two types of attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE).
Object and Traffic Light Recognition Model Development Using Multi-GPU Architecture for Autonomous Bus

The autonomous vehicle is both an exciting yet complex field to dig in these past few years. Many have ventured out to develop Level 4 Autonomous Vehicle but up to this point, many issues were still arising about its safety, perception and sensing capabilities, tracking, and localization. This paper aims to address the struggles of developing an acceptable model for object detection in real-time. Object detection is one of the challenging areas of autonomous vehicles due to the limitations of the camera, lidar, radar, and other sensors, especially during night-time. There were various datasets and models available, but the number of samples, the labels, the occlusions, and other factors may affect the performance of the dataset. To address the mentioned problem, this study has undergone a rigorous process of scene selection and imitation to deal with the imbalance dataset, applied the state-of-the-art YOLO architecture for the model development. After the development process, the model was deployed in a multi-GPU architecture that lessens the computational load on a single GPU structure and was tested on a 12-meter fully electric autonomous bus. This study will lead to the development of a usable and safe autonomous bus that will lead the future of public transportation.
The Co-Constructed Logic Framework for Understanding Children’s Acts and Their Intentions

With the characteristics of the nonmonotonic logic and defeasible inference, abductive reasoning has been formalized in the field of artificial intelligence, dealing with the local pragmatics (e.g., the resolution of coreference, resolving syntactic and lexical ambiguity and interpreting metonymy and metaphor), recognizing discourse structure and even the speaker’s plan and other issues for natural language understanding. However, Hobbs’ analysis of abduction in recognizing the speaker’s plan was conducted only from the point of view of the verbal information processing that the listener does. To demonstrate the collaborative way that conversational partners working together to understand the logic of human acts and their intentions, this article analyzes the two conversations about the parents questioning their children’s intention for their acts with an abductive reasoning method. The results show that children and parents co-construct segments of discourse with coherence relations across several conversational turns, by that way they build together a simplified framework for understanding the logic of human acts and their intention. For example, when the father and his children co-constructed coherent segments of discourse with the result relation between them, they completed the particular intention understanding at the same time. This research helps in enriching the logic structure of artificial intelligence applications such as visual question answering models and enhancing their reasoning abilities.
Financial Development and Economic Growth; A Comparative Analysis of Autocratic and Democratic era of Pakistan

This paper conducted co-integration and causality tests among real GDP per capita (RGDP) and financial development index (FDI), openness of trade, real interest rate, gross capital formation, and two political regimes using annual time series data from 1958 to 2018. We used real GDP per capita asdependent variables whereas the financial development index and political regimes (Dummy variable) are our focused variables and rest trade openness, real interest rate, and gross capital formation are our control variables. We employed the ARDL bound testing approach and Johansen test to check co- integration or predict long term relationship and (VECM) Vector error correction model Granger-Causality test to check the relationship direction among variables. Our results show that only trade openness is significantly impacted economic growth whereas rest variables such as financial development index, real interest rate,gross capital formation, and political regimes impacts are insignificant so accordingly we can provide little support to the view that financial sector growth in two different political regimes leads economic progress. We also do not find considerable evidence of a bi-directional and unidirectional relationship betweenfinancial segment growth and economic progress in both political regimes. This research highlights a new dimension for future research and gives new insight for policymaking.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF FOREIGN CAPITAL AND CAPITAL GROWTH IN GHANA

Ghana has initiated various policies to attract foreign capital and this has increased the inflow of capital into Ghana.The key issue addressed by the study is whether the dramatic increase in foreign capital inflows has resulted in the desired effect on economic growth in Ghana.The study aimed at examining the differential effect of foreign capital on economic growth in Ghana.Foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign aid, external debts and personal remittance was used to measure foreign capital whereas Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (constant, 2010) was used as a proxy for economic growth.Control variables are domestic capital, labor and trade openness.Data were obtained from World Development Indicator and Index mundi over the period of 1980-2018.The result showed that both foreign aid and FDI had a negative effect on economic growth whereas external debts and remittances had positive effect in the long run.In the short run, only foreign aid had a significant negative effect on GDP.The findings on causality suggest that there is a bi-directional causality between remittance and GDP whereas unidirectional causality running from FDI to GDP was identified.The study concluded that even in the presence of weak trade policy, external debts and remittance were seen to be significant growth-enhancing as compared to foreign direct investment and foreign aid.The study recommends that the government of Ghana should ensure proper allocation of foreign capital inflows into both physical and social infrastructure and should abstain from excessive dependent on government revenue.