Dijital Çağda Dijital Ödeme Aracı: Bitcoin ve Dijital Para (Digital Payment Tool in the Digital Age: Bitcoin and Digital Money)

Turkish abstract: Para denildiginde ilk aklimiza gelen madeni paralar veya banknot halinde bulunan elle tutulur, gozle gorulur fiziksel varligi olan paralardir. Peki, paranin somut bir gercekliginin olmasi sart midir? Teknolojinin muazzam gelisimi akillara bir sureden beri bizlere bu sorulari da beraberinde sordurmakta. Cunku hayatimizin her alaninda buyuk rol oynayan, degisimler meydana getiren teknolojinin; parayi, ekonomiyi, dolayisiyla da ticareti etkilemesi kacinilmazdir. Oncelikle “Para nedir?” sorusunu acikliga kavusturmak gerekir. Her ne kadar yerlesmis tek bir tanimi bulunmasa da paranin genel kabul gormus tanimi, mal ve hizmet bedeli ile borclarin odenmesinde kullanilan ve genel kabul goren ortak degisim aracidir. Oyleyse paranin nasil olmasi gerektigi hakkinda herhangi bir zorunluluk yoktur. Para yalnizca bir temsil ve ortak degisim aracidir. Bedel odemede kullanilan ve genel kabul goren her sey para olarak kabul edilebilir. Mallarin degis tokus edildigi ilkel toplumlarda, degisim olcusu olarak tuz, tutun, deri kurutulmus balik ve hayvan basi gibi degeri olan mallar kullanilmistir. Bu para turune mal para denilmektedir. Ardindan maden para, altin ve gumuse bagli kâgit para, banknot gibi paralarin kullanildigi bilinmektedir. Son olarak kaydi para olarak da adlandirilan bankadaki hesaplarda bulunan ancak fiziki varligi olmayan para, ticari hayatin gelismesi ve bankacilik sektorunun ilerlemesiyle onem kazanmistir. Benim uzerinde duracagim ve aslinda bu yazinin ana konusu olan dijital para ise teknoloji ve internetin gelisimi sayesinde yasam bulmus ve bugun cokca tartisilan bir konu haline gelmistir.English abstract: When money is mentioned, the first thing that comes to our mind is coins or banknotes with tangible, visible physical presence. So, does money have to have a concrete reality? The enormous development of technology has made us ask these questions for a while.Because the technology that plays a big role in every aspect of our lives and creates changes; It is inevitable that it will affect money, economy, and therefore trade. First of all, What is money? It is necessary to clarify the question. Although there is not a single well-established definition, the generally accepted definition of money is the generally accepted common exchange tool used in the payment of goods and services and debts. So there is no obligation on how money should be. Money is only a means of representation and common exchange. Everything that is used and generally accepted to pay a price can be considered as money. In primitive societies where goods were exchanged, goods of value such as salt, tobacco, skin-dried fish and animal heads were used as a measure of change.This type of money is called good money. It is known that coins such as paper money and banknotes tied to coins, gold and silver were used afterwards. Finally, the money in the bank accounts, also known as dematerialized money, but without physical assets, gained importance with the development of commercial life and the progress of the banking sector. Digital money, which I will focus on and is actually the main subject of this article, has come to life thanks to the development of technology and the internet and has become a widely discussed issue today.