Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A New Conceptualization of Cyber Deterrence: In the Reflective Context on the ROK-U.S. Cybersecurity Alliance Discourse

이 글은 ‘한미 사이버 안보 동맹론’이 딛고 선 개념적 기반과 담론적 프레임을 성찰하는 차원에서 ‘사이버 억지’의 개념을 새롭게 세우는 시도를 벌였다. 최근 제기되고 있는 한미 사이버 안보 동맹론은 전통적인 억지 개념을 사이버 안보 분야에 적용하려는 발상을 바탕에 깔고 있다. 그러나 사이버 공간의 고유한 성격이나 진화하는 미국의 억지 전략, 한미관계 전반의 미래 등을 고려할 때 이러한 시도는 한계를 안고 있다. 향후 한미 사이버 안보협력이 원용할 사이버 억지의 개념은, 전통억지 개념을 적용하려는 단순계적 발상을 넘어서, 사이버 공간의 복잡계적 특성을 고려한 유연하고도 통합적인 시각을 원용해야 한다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 이 글은 기존의 미국 정책서클과 국제정치학계에서 수행된 개념적 응용의 작업을 바탕으로 하여 사이버 억지의 새로운 개념화를 시도하였다. 이러한 과정에서 이 글은 복잡계 이론에서 말하는 ‘창발과 피드백’의 입체적이고 동태적인 구도에서 사이버 억지의 개념을 볼 것을 제안하였으며, 기존의 사이버 억지 개념들을 아우르는 일종의 ‘메타 프레임’으로서 ‘창발에 대한 축적적 억지(cumulative deterrence against emergence)’의 개념을 제시하고, 이를 한미 사이버 안보협력의 향후 과제를 가늠하는 작업에 적용하였다. This paper attempts to refine the concept of “cyber deterrence” in the context of reflecting on the concept of deterrence on which the discourses on the ROK-U.S. Cybersecurity Alliance are based. The recent discourses on the ROK-US cybersecurity alliance is based on the idea of applying the traditional concept of deterrence to the cybersecurity field. However, considering the unique nature of cyberspace, the evolving U.S. deterrence strategies, and the future of ROK-U.S. relations as a whole, these attempts have limitations. The concept of cyber deterrence, which will be used by ROK-U.S. cybersecurity cooperation in the future, should go beyond the simple- system idea of applying the concept of traditional deterrence and use a flexible and integrated perspective considering the complex-system characteristics of cyberspace. Based on this awareness of the problem, this paper attempts a new conceptualization of cyber deterrence based on the conceptual work carried out in the existing U.S. policy circle and International Relations. In this process, this paper proposes to understand the concept of cyber deterrence in the dynamic composition of “emergence and feedback” that complex system theories have provided, and presents the concept of “cumulative deterrence against emergence” as a kind of “meta-frame” that encompasses existing concepts of cyber deterrence.
Security Measures of Textual Data

As the volume and importance of textual data in data science continues to grow, combined with advancements in its techniques, it has created numerous opportunities for extracting valuable insights from textual information. However, privacy and the security of private data are issues that are brought up by the analysis of text data. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of security measures specifically designed for protecting textual data in data science applications. It explores various techniques and strategies to safeguard the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of textual data throughout its lifecycle. The objective is to provide data scientists and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of the security challenges and best practices associated with textual data in the context of data science.
The Comparative Study of Noise Removal Techniques in Compound Images

In an ever-evolving world, countless fresh methods for reflecting data are being developed. An image is used to illustrate. Compound images and data are widely used. Numerous photos that have been acquired contain noise, which impairs the image's qualities and produces visual disruption. Noise should be eliminated in order to preserve good image quality, as this helps the image restore its quality. Applying filters like the Median, Wiener, Gaussian, etc. can be used to remove noise from an image. This essay discusses Gaussian noise, salt-and-pepper noise, speckle noise, and filters including Mean, Median, and Gaussianfilters.
Comparison of different application of mathematics online learning media in terms of critical thinking skills and learning interest

This study aims to determine: (1) whether students' critical thinking skills taking online learning through WhatsApp Group and learning videos on Facebook are higher on average than those who take online learning through WhatsApp Group and Google Meet. It is (2) whether the learning interest of students who take online learning through WhatsApp Group and learning videos on Facebook is higher on average than students who take online learning through WhatsApp Group and Google Meet. This research was a quasi-experimental research with a posttest-only non-equivalent control group design. All eighth-grade students are considered to be the population at the Masjid Syuhada Integrated Islamic Junior High School Yogyakarta in the 2020/2021 academic year. The research sample was students of class VIII A as the experimental class and class VIII C as the control class. The research instrument was in the form of a critical thinking skills test and student learning interest questionnaires. The hypothesis testing technique used is the Independent Sample T-Test. The study's results showed that the critical thinking skills of students who took online learning through WhatsApp Group and learning videos on Facebook was higher on average than those who took online learning through WhatsApp Group and Google Meet. Furthermore, the learning interest of students who took online learning through WhatsApp Groups and learning videos on Facebook could be considered the same as students who took online learning through WhatsApp Groups and Google Meet.
A New Compressive Sensing Method for Speckle Reducing in Complex-valued SAR Data

High resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are affected by speckle noise, which considerably reduces their visibility and complicates the target identification.In this paper, a new Compressive Sensing (CS) method is proposed to reduce the speckle noise effects of complex valued SAR images.The sparsity of the SAR images allows solving the CS problem using Multiple Measurements Vector (MMV) configuration.Therefore, a special weighted norm is constructed to solve the optimization problem, so that the Variance-Based Joint Sparsity (VBJS) model is used to calculate the weights.An efficient Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is developed to solve the optimization problem.The obtained results using raw complex-valued measurements with ground truth demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed despeckling method in terms of both image quality and computational cost.
Research on Blockchain Privacy Computing Technology for End-edge-cloud Collaborative Architecture

With the continuous integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things, 5G, big data, cloud computing, and edge computing, a end-edge-cloud collaborative computing model has gradually formed. Integrating blockchain into the end-edge-cloud collaborative architecture can effectively make the data between edge-cloud nodes interact with each other in trust, and ensure the integrity and availability of data. However, due to the transparent nature of blockchain ledger data, which may cause privacy data leakage in the end-edge-cloud, in order to solve the problem that the data provider does not disclose the original data, the "usable invisible" of the data is realized. This paper takes privacy computing technology as the research object, summarizes the existing research results, proposes to construct a trusted computing framework based on blockchain smart contract as the end-edge-cloud architecture, and integrates privacy computing technology to break the "data island" and realize the security protection of private data.
Zero days are critical exploits for cyberespionage

Headline US/CHINA/RUSSIA: Zero days are key for cyberespionage
Developments and Directions in Intellectual Property Law

Abstract This book celebrates the twentieth anniversary of award-winning intellectual property (IP) blog The IPKat, originally founded in 2003. Over the past two decades, The IPKat has covered and commented on many of the most topical developments in the IP field from a substantive, practical, and policy standpoint alike. Today, The IPKat is considered the ‘Most Popular Intellectual Property Law Blawg’ of all time (source: Justia) and its readers are academics, members of the judiciary, policy- and lawmakers, practitioners, and students from all over the world. By bringing back together several of the current and past contributors to The IPKat—PermaKats, GuestKats, SpecialKats, and InternKats—alongside a cast of eminent Katfriends, this book reflects on the developments which have occurred and directions which have emerged in the IP field over the past twenty years. Topics covered include changes within the main substantive IP rights, as well as IP law, policy, and practice broadly intended and from a global perspective.
Response to the UK’s March 2023 White Paper "A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation"

Here, we provide a response to the UK Government's March 2023 white paper "A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation". We challenge the white paper's claims that it puts forward a balanced, pragmatic, proportionate, contextualised, and agile model that leverages the capabilities and skills of existing regulators to foster AI innovation. We also challenge the claims that the model is underpinned by a set of principles providing a clear, unified, and flexible framework that improves upon the current ‘complex patchwork of legal requirements’.
ISGEm and NASGEm: Two Elements of the D’Ambrosio Intellectual Legacy

Fettweis (Rohrer A, Schubring G, For the Learning of Mathematics 31:35–39, 2011) is credited for coining the term “Ethnomathematics” in his research of the 1930s. During the 1980s, D’Ambrosio began an international conversation using the term, unknowing of Fettweis’ use earlier. Barton (For the Learning of Mathematics 19:32–35, 1999) acknowledges D’Ambrosio’s 1984 International Congress on Mathematics Education address as “establishing the field in its contemporary form” (p. 32). At the 1985 National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Annual Meeting held in San Antonio, Texas, Kilpatrick “emphasized the importance of Ethnomathematics” two nights after a talk given by Bishop on “The Social Dimensions of Mathematics Education in Research” (Scott P, International Study Group on Ethnomathematics Newsletter. 1.1. https://web.nmsu.edu/~pscott/isgem.htm , p.1, 1985a). According to the first newsletter of the International Study Group on Ethnomathematics (ISGEm), published in the fall of 1998 (Scott P, International Study Group on Ethnomathematics Newsletter. 1.2. https://web.nmsu.edu/~pscott/isgem.htm , 1985b), D’Ambrosio was convinced of the importance of Ethnomathematics, which led to the formation of ISGEm, International Study Group on Ethnomathematics. Gloria Gilmer served as the first chair of ISGEm, and Rick Scott served as the ISGEm newsletter editor. As Ethnomathematics was gaining international momentum, particularly as a Working Group at the 2000 International Congress on Mathematics Education in Tokyo, the North American Study Group on Ethnomathematics was formed in 2002 with Lawrence Shirley serving as the first president. This chapter explores the historical records of ISGEm and NASGEm to illustrate the timelines of these global groups through the lens of D’Ambrosio’s intellectual legacy.
CONSTRUCTION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS USING POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS AND MATRIX CALCULUS USING SYSTEMS OF FUZZY LINEAR EQUATIONS IN SOLVING ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

A large number of tasks in the economy are aimed at processing little formalized data. These can be tasks of analysis, planning, forecasting in the economy. The solution of these problems is reduced to the formalization of the data flow into a functional dependence. The definition of functional dependence is reduced to the approximation of data by a mathematical function. It is convenient to represent poorly formalized data as fuzzy numbers and reduce the solution of the approximation problem to the calculation of systems of fuzzy linear equations. This is achieved by developing the apparatus of software systems operating with calculations of fuzzy matrices. We have implemented computational approaches using the Zadeh principle and ordered fuzzy numbers.
Teachers Conception about Early Childhood Learners Adoption of 21st Century Skills in Central Punjab

Teachers' views on early childhood learners' 21st-century skills adoption are examined in this study. Education for the 21st century promotes student engagement and prepares them for a global, linked society. The study population was primary school teachers. The researcher randomly sampled two hundred fifty elementary school instructors—a questionnaire collected data for the study. Frequency, percentage, mean score, and standard deviation were used to achieve the study's goal. Most respondents said the classroom helped pupils communicate, according to the report. In contrast, most students said they support classroom punishment for learning. The institute improves early learners' communication and classroom motivation. Students follow the class routine and support classroom discipline because they feel safe and comfortable. The results suggest using the unified national curriculum at the preschool level to help young children develop 21st-century skills.
The Problem of the Subject and Object of Cognition in Postnonclassical Science

The article clarifies the change in the content and essence of subject-object relations in different periods of the development of scientific knowledge. The analysis of the main interpretations of the concept of “subject” in post-non-classical science is carried out. Attention is drawn to the negative consequences for scientific cognition of attempts on the one hand to break the irreducible unity of subject-object relations, and on the other - to bring this unity to a complete fusion of components. The authors, based on the evolutionary connection between the formation of human consciousness and cognition in the process of activity, reveal the main determinants of the evolution of subject-object relations.
ACTUAL ASPECTS OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CIVILIZATIONAL CHALLENGES

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems related to the patriotic education of Russian youth, which the pedagogical community of Russia faces today in the conditions of modern civilizational challenges, such as: our youth are purposefully brought up not by patriots of Russia and admirers of the West; there is a full-fledged hard ware aimed at biased distortion of history.
CONTRADICTIONS IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE IMPACT OF FILM COMMUNICATIONS ON PEOPLE'S CONSCIOUSNESS AND BEHAVIOR

This article presents an analysis of the specifics of the impact of modern film communication technologies on people's consciousness and behavior. The author examines the basic technological techniques of manipulation used in the film industry to effectively influence the viewer, reveals the main aspects of the use of these technologies, both from a negative and positive point of view, actualizing the inconsistency of this problem. In particular, the article emphasizes that along with the control and real prohibition of destructive attitudes broadcast by the modern film industry, it is necessary at the state level to conduct a purposeful policy of using media technologies to form a constructive positive reality, in fact, fighting for the "ecology of the noosphere".
Understanding Chinese Moral Stories with Further Pre-Training

The goal of moral understanding is to grasp the theoretical concepts embedded in a narrative by delving beyond the concrete occurrences and dynamic personas. Specifically, the narrative is compacted into a single statement without involving any characters within the original text, necessitating a more astute language model that can comprehend connotative morality and exhibit commonsense reasoning. The “pretraining + fine-tuning” paradigm is widely embraced in neural language models. In this paper, we propose an intermediary phase to establish an improved paradigm of “pre-training + further pre-training + finetuning”. Further pre-training generally refers to continual learning on task-specific or domain-relevant corpora before being applied to target tasks, which aims at bridging the gap in data distribution between the phases of pre-training and fine-tuning. Our work is based on a Chinese dataset named STORAL-ZH that composes of 4k human-written story-moral pairs. Furthermore, we design a two-step process of domain-adaptive pre-training in the intermediary phase. The first step depends on a newly-collected Chinese dataset of Confucian moral culture. And the second step bases on the Chinese version of a frequently-used commonsense knowledge graph (i.e. ATOMIC) to enrich the backbone model with inferential knowledge besides morality. By comparison with several advanced models including BERTbase, RoBERTa-base and T5-base, experimental results on two understanding tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed three-phase paradigm.
High Availability and Fault Tolerance in AWS

With the increasing adoption of cloud computing, ensuring high availability and fault tolerance has become paramount for organizations. Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers a robust infrastructure for hosting applications, but it requires careful architectural design and implementation to achieve desired levels of availability and fault tolerance. This research paper explores two innovative concepts, namely Cloud Fractal and Decentralized Replication and Orchestration, and their application in achieving high availability and fault tolerance in AWS. We present a comprehensive analysis of these concepts and provide practical guidelines for their implementation in real-world scenarios. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of Cloud Fractal and Decentralized Replication and Orchestration in enhancing the reliability and resilience of AWS deployments. Keywords: Fault Isolation, High Availability, Load Balancing, Auto-scaling, Disaster Recovery, Data Replication, Backup and Restore, Fault Tolerance, Cloud Computing, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS), Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3), AWS Elastic Load Balancer (ELB), Complexity, Operational Management, Cloud Fractal, AWS Lambda, Amazon SQS, Decentralized Replication and Orchestration (DOI).
MADFlow : Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection via Normalizing Flow

With the recent advancement of smart factories in manufacturing processes, high-dimensional data is being collected in real-time from multiple sensors in production facilities. However, it is very difficult to detect anomalies that reflect both correlations and temporal dependency between high-dimensional variables. In this study, we propose Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection via Normalizing Flow (MADFlow), which can reflect both correlation between variables and temporal dependency. MADFlow consists of a temporal encoder to reflect temporal dependency and a flow module to learn the distribution of high-dimensional data and is trained in an end-to-end manner. Experimental results on multivariate time series data with similar characteristics to data generated in manufacturing processes show that MADFlow has significantly better anomaly detection performance than existing models. Therefore, we expect MADFlow to be able to efficiently detect anomalies in real-world manufacturing processes.
Initial teacher training and the incorporation of TIC. a study in a Chilean university

This implies that schools attended by children and adolescents from low socioeconomic levels were the most affected, with an estimated 68.4% drop in expected learning for the 2020-2021 period.Regarding this drop in learning, the Center of Studies of the Ministry of Education (2021), Salmi (2021) and Spain (2022), coincide in pointing out that the rural sectors and the most economically deprived populations did not have access to internet, a fundamental tool to be able to develop distance classes.The scarce access and lack of computer tools could explain the delay in learning and why the rural sectors and the most economically vulnerable were most affected.A significant number of students simply could not connect or connected sporadically to classes.In many rural sectors, a system of learning guides was used, which teachers took to the students' homes, so that they could advance in some of the relevant content, which in no way replaced the situation of regular classes with teachers and students working together.Moreover, considering that in many of these homes the educational level of the parents is very low and, therefore, there was not enough support for the students to develop the guides and their contents.Regarding this effort, developed by rural teachers, the press of the period reported it as follows: Such is the case of the now famous teacher from Santa Juan, Inés María González, who became known for delivering educational materials to her students on a cart, after traveling nearly 20 kilometers from Poduco Alto to Colico."I do it because they have no Internet, no telephone and even less a computer". 2However, there is evidence that is directly related to the central theme of this paper, that is, the scarce preparation or training of teachers to conduct a quality online class. 3Similarly, studies by Mitchell, (2020), Azevedo 2 and Grewenig (2020), indicate that online classes do not have the same effect on learning as face-to-face classes.With regard to higher education, institutions had to provide different types of assistance to students from low-income families "financial aid has come in the form of scholarships, interest-free loans and access to food banks [...], they have donated devices to students, as well as internet packages so that they can go online".
Problems of application of information and communication technologies in the professional activities of vocational education teachers in domestic dissertation research

The emergence and active development of computer technology and the information revolution have led to an objective need to use a whole arsenal of powerful technical means in the labour training of students. Modern computer technology has become an effective tool for distributing payments between the public demand for teaching labour training and the actual state of its material and technical support. The problem of practical application of ICTs in labour training has not escaped the attention of authors who have carried out dissertation projects at both PhD and doctoral levels. However, the specifics of these qualification works often resulted in limiting the specific subject of research, which did not always allow for their implementation and experimental testing at a systemic level. The same is true of the definition of the age limits of schoolchildren to whom certain methodological recommendations of the authors of theses and dissertations were directed. Also, research into only certain aspects of this problem has not facilitated their real practical application in the educational process. Therefore, the results of these specific scientific studies are not always adequate to the challenges in which the system of labour training of schoolchildren finds itself. The special subject of known dissertation works is defined as students’ independent work, carrying out diagnostics of learning and cognitive work results, and individualisation of learning. It must be to admit that the narrowness of the special subject of this PhD-level research, the focus of its authors only on certain aspects of ICT implementation in the learning process, has not allowed the creation of a coherent pedagogical product, undoubtedly so necessary for schools. In fact, theses products themselves were assigned only to individual classes and fragments of labour training of schoolchildren, which does not allow their practical use to be approached on the basis of the didactic principle of continuity. At the same time, there is still a lack of comprehensive scientific research into the use of ICTs in labour studies – as a coherent and logically complete didactic system conditioned by the goals and objectives of the modern educational process.