Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Qualitative Changes by National University Type after the Regulatory Policy on University Tuition Fees

이 연구는 대학 등록금 규제정책이 시행된 이후 현재까지 국립대학의 유형별 질적 변화를 분석하고 향후 개선과제를 논의하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 먼저 국립대학의 유형은 크게 거점국립대학, 일반국립대(대, 중, 소), 교육대학 등 5개로 구분하였다. 그리고 국립대학 재정지원정책은 연도(기준년도 2009년∼2021년)를 대리변수로 하였으며, 종속변수로는 대학정보공시의 재학생 1인당 총교육비와 순등록금(공시등록금-장학금)을 활용하였다. 최종 분석에 사용된 사례수는 13년간 473개교였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, ‘재학생 1인당 총교육비’에 대한 연도와 대학유형의 효과는 각각 47%로 높았다. 둘째, ‘순등록금’에 대한 연도의 효과는 72.1%에 달하였다. 셋째, 대규모 일반국립대학의 경우 재학생 1인당 총교육비는 교육대학 다음으로 낮은 수준인 반면, 연평균 ‘등록금’의 경우, 거점국립대학과 비슷한 수준으로 다른 유형보다 높았다. 분석결과를 토대로 장차 거점국립대, 대규모 일반국립대, 중⋅소규모 국립대간의 기능과 역할을 현재보다 세분화하여 특성화할 것을 제안하였다.The purpose of this article is to analyze the qualitative changes by type of national universities and discuss future improvement tasks since the university tuition regulation policy was implemented. To this end, national universities were largely divided into five types: base national universities, general national universities (university, middle, and small), and universities of education. In addition, the national university financial support policy used the year (base year 2009-2021) as a proxy variable, and used the total education cost per student and net tuition (published tuition-scholarship) as dependent variables. The number of cases used in the final analysis was 473 schools over 13 years. As a result of the analysis, first, the effect of the year and university type on the ‘total education expenditure per enrolled student' was high at 47%, respectively. Second, the effect of the year on ‘net tuition’ reached 72.1%. Third, in the case of large-scale general national universities, the total education cost per enrolled student is at the lowest level next to universities of education, whereas the annual average ‘tuition fee’ is similar to that of base national universities and higher than other types. Based on the analysis results, it was proposed to further characterize the functions and roles of base national universities, large-scale general national universities, and small and medium-sized national universities by subdividing them from the present.
Critical discourse analysis on elementary school care policy

이 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹 시기 초등돌봄정책에 대한 비판적 담론 분석을 통해 이 정책이 내포한 돌봄의 의미와 초등학교의 위치를 살펴보고, 초등학교에서 이루어지는 초등학생에 대한 방과후 돌봄 사업이 학교 본연의 역할로 여겨지지 않는 정책적 맥락을 파악하고자 하였다. 이 연구의 발견은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정책의 텍스트 분석 결과, 이 정책은 명시적으로는 초등학생 방과후 돌봄에 대한 국가 책임의 이행을 표방하고 있지만 암묵적으로는 학부모를 대상으로 돌봄교실 규모 확대를 약속하고, 교사와 돌봄전담사를 대상으로 운영 방안 개선 계획을 제시하고 있다. 둘째, 정책의 담론적 실천 분석 결과 이 정책은 현재 맞벌이 부부의 풀타임 중심 노동 여건을 당연한 것으로 여기고, 돌봄 서비스의 책임을 국가가 이행해야하는 것으로 상정한다. 또한 돌봄 규모의 양적 확대를 강조하는 담론적 실천을 함으로써 질 높은 돌봄이나 돌봄의 교육적 의미에 대한 논의를 간과할 가능성이 높다. 셋째, 이 정책에서 돌봄은 학교 공간에서 초등학생들을 방과후 안전하게 돌보는 것을 중심으로 의미화 되어 있으며, 학교는 교육부나 교육청이 주도하는 돌봄 정책을 적용하는 곳으로 대상화되어 있다. 이러한 정책 담론은 초등학교가 초등돌봄 업무를 학교 본연의 교육적 의미나 역할과 연결시킬 수 없게 만드는 데에 영향을 미친다. 이러한 연구 결과는 방과후 초등학생에 대한 돌봄을 공공 서비스로 만들어 가는 과정에서 학교가 주요한 역할을 할 수밖에 없음에도 불구하고, 정책의 기획과 실행 과정에서 초등학교의 교육적 역할과 의미를 정책의 주요 요소로 통찰하지 못하고, 학교 교육 주체들의 목소리와 입장,이들 간 토론을 고려하지 않았음을 드러낸다.This study examines the meaning of care and the position of elementary schools in this policy through a critical discourse analysis on elementary school care policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study are as follows. First, as a result of the text analysis of the policy, these policy documents explicitly claim to fulfill the state responsibility for after-school care for students, but implicitly promise to expand the size of the care class for parents, and provide teachers and care specialists the suggested improvements. Second, as a result of the discursive practice analysis of the policy, this policy takes the working conditions of dual-income couples for granted and assumes that the state should fulfill the responsibility of care services. In addition, that discussions on high-quality care or the educational meaning of care will be overlooked by emphasizing the quantitative expansion of the scale of care. Third, in this policy, care is centered and signified in safely caring for elementary school students after school in school space, and schools are targeted as places where care policies led by the Ministry of Education are applied. This frame of policy discourse has an impact on making it impossible for elementary schools to connect care work with the school's original educational meaning or role. The results shows that there is few insight into the educational role and meaning of elementary school as a major factor in policy even though schools are playing a major role in after-school care policy.
A Study on Ameliorating Kindergartens’ Composition for Strengthening their Publicity

이 연구는 우리나라 유치원의 공공성을 강화하기 위해 긴요하다고 판단되는 “체질 개선”의 구체적인 방안과 추진 전략을 탐색ㆍ제시하는 데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 먼저 학교 민영화 정책 레짐의 정책 지배와 정책 무력화 현상 극복 과제에 대해 살펴보고 있다. 그런 다음 유치원의 체질 개선의 의의를 살피는 데서 출발하여 그 구체적인 방안과 추진 전략을 제시하고 있다. 이를 위해 선행연구 분석을 시작으로 정부와 시ㆍ도교육청의 정책 문서, 이해당사자들의 각종 문건, 국회 회의록, 일간지 관련 기사 등을 중심으로 한 문헌 연구를 수행하였다. 고찰 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유치원 정책에서 사인 사립유치원을 주축으로 하는 학교 민영화 정책 레짐이 최근까지도 강력한 지배력을 행사해왔다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 2012년 누리과정 도입 이후의 정책 환경 변화가 유치원 공공성 강화의 전제조건이라 할 수 있는 정책 무력화 현상 극복의 과제를 제기하였다는 점을 파악할 수 있었다. 셋째, 국ㆍ공립유치원의 속도감 있는 확대를 핵심으로 하는 체질 개선방안에 있어서 공영형 사립유치원의 전면 도입 또한 공공성 강화 정책의 성패를 좌우할 정도로 아주 중요한 과제임을 알게 되었다. 넷째, 체질 개선방안을 실현하는 전략으로 정책적 구조조정과 시장적 구조조정과 병행되어야 한다는 점을 깨닫게 되었다.This study aims to propose the reform plan and strategies of ameliorating Kindergartens’ composition for strengthening their publicity. For this, the author firstly examines the policy domination of ‘school privatization policy regime’(SPPR) and policy nullifying situation via policy regime approach. And then, explaining the concept of “Kindergartens’ composition amelioration”, the author propose the reform plan and strategies to ameliorate Kindergartens’ composition. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly it is found that SPPR have affected very strong influences on the Kindergarten policy, which have been nullified for long time. Secondly the author finds that policy environment change of introducing Nuri Program had strongly needed government’s policy initiative for strengthening Kindergartens’ publicity. Thirdly the author finds that it is increasing government dependent private Kindergartens as well as breakthrough expanding national and public Kindergartens that is the best alternatives to ameliorate Kindergartens’ composition. Fourthly it is said that considering the rapid reduction of school age population, the strategy for ameliorating Kindergartens’ composition is the combination of market-based restructuring and government-led restructuring.
A Study on the Evaluation of Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in Safety Instrumented System Based on Industrial Control System Integration and Its Counterplan

Although the Safety Instrumented System has been operated independently among industrial control systems for a long time, recently the industrial control system has been released as an integrated Distributed Control System based on an open platform because it is more cost-effective simplified and enhanced approach for advanced functional safety however it could be vulnerable to cybersecurity sector. Without considering of cybersecurity, the SIS has no guarantee its secured from cyberattacks. The discovery of the TRITON melware, which is targeting the SIS in 2017, is emphasized in the connection between the SIS and the DCS. Considering these issues the IEC Standard 61511 Second Edition which guarantees the functional safety of industrial processes updated new explicit requirement to conduct a security risk assessment. This study aims to investigate whether the Safety Instrumentation System (SIS), which has long been independently classified in the industrial control system considered irrelevant to cybersecurity problems, has become an appropriate cybersecurity design due to connection with the DCS, and to present vulnerability measures. For this study four domestic oil refineries and six petrochemical NCC plants were selected to analyze security design and weaknesses. As a result of all of plants were vulnerable to cybersecurity vulnerability therefore, the SIS is needed to be included appropriate design and assessment as part of the enhancement process.
성인학습자의 기초학력평가에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study explored basic education evaluation for adult learners using qualitative research methodology. This is to find out the discussion of basic learning programs supported by adult learners. In response, FGI was conducted on 24 students from August 9 to August 18, 2022 for adult learners at H University and D University. Through the analysis of the meaning of qualitative data, the following research results were obtained. Although basic education evaluation was conducted at H University and D University, concerns about the basic education evaluation method itself were consistent with adult learners who lead learning based on their experiences raised in previous studies. It can be seen that the implementation of the basic education evaluation of adult learners itself was a burden on students, and the method of evaluation itself was the first obstacle to starting college life. I wanted to be recognized rather than evaluated. Participants in the study suggest that adult basic education evaluation experience is not appropriate to maintain meaning as a criterion for educational evaluation, and that it is important to continue research on the RPL(Recognition of Prior Experiential Learning) and evaluation method that recognizes qualitative programs and adult life stories.
A Qualitative Inquiry on English Learning Vision among Chinese Christian Graduate Students

Vision represents an individual’s future image and is related to one’s psychological state. An individual’s second-language (L2) vision determines their language study goals, and religious or spiritual beliefs may be central to this vision of oneself. This study aimed to discover the participants’ L2 visions and explore how the Christian faith affects their L2 visions. The researchers adopted a qualitative research approach to examine how Christianity informed the L2 visions and English learning of four Chinese Christian graduate students. This study was performed in a provincial university in China and lasted from March 2021 to December 2021. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and informal talk. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis containing initial and axial coding. The findings showed that the participants’ L2 visions included their dissatisfaction with the L2 reality and the identification of their L2 expectations. Moreover, the data revealed that the participants’ Christian faith brought them devotion and self-discipline in English learning. Finally, the researchers found that the L2 vision and Christian faith can be combined into a unique vision to stimulate students’ English learning. One pedagogical implication is that students need to be encouraged by their teachers to discover their visions and develop different ones. Another implication is that teachers should simultaneously pay attention to students’ visions and adjust their teaching strategies to meet students’ needs.
Implementation of Research Information Curation Service Using Prescriptive Analytics

Among various fields at home and abroad, machine learning technology is developing rapidly, centering on deep learning. Active research is being conducted. However, due to the lack of sufficient machine learning data, opportunities such as providing high value-added content and improving service performance are missed. New entity names are registered in various documents and interpreted as different entity names depending on the context. Through prescriptive analysis-based key entity name recognition technology that collects researcher
The Contents Design of Technology Enhanced Co- Curricular Learning in the Collegiate Environment

The objective of this study was to design contents of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) with emphasis on a co-curricular program to promote effective operation of an online-based curriculum. The program with TEL emphasis enhanced operations and strengthened core-competencies in higher education. To achieve this goal, we examined literature reviews and case studies of the co-curricular program with a focus on the theoretical foundation of the digital instructional design model. Our cases derived from T University located in Busan, South Korea were used to understand how the co-curricular program was operated and a template of an online-based class model was designed to perform in both online and offline classrooms. Results of this study are expected to further the exploration of co-curricular learning model as well as cement the embellishment of institutional strategies for technology-enhanced digital teaching and learning methods.
Analysis of R&amp;D Efficiency Change in IT Sector using Cumulative Malmquist Index

This study analyzes the changes in the efficiency of Korean R&D projects in the IT sector from 2010 to 2018. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Cumulative Malmquist index were used to measure the change in R&D efficiency. The results were as follows. First, the Korean IT sector has developed around hardware, applied research, development research, and private enterprises rather than software, basic research, universities, and public research institutes. Second, short-term efficiency improvement is possible in the government
Effects of Police Integrity Culture and Police Integrity Institution on Perception of Corruption severity

Virtue of integrity to the police is more important than any other institution. Since integrity is both a personal characteristic and an organizational characteristic, the problem of organizational corruption needs to be considered at the organizational level, not just in the category of personal deviations. Therefore this study examined effects of police integrity culture and police integrity institution on perception of corruption severity. As a result police integrity culture and police integrity institution had a positive effects on the perception of corruption severity. Particularly, police integrity culture was more important than police integrity institution to examined the perception of corruption severity. So this study emphasized the importance of education on integrity and anti-corruption, which is based on actual cases. Also the leadership of the head of the institution is important to let the member internalize the integrity value.
Building Traditional Web Apps with HTML and CSS

In this chapter, you’ll learn how to generate HTML on the server and how to set up your web app to serve CSS, images, and other static content.
Decoupling Web Handlers from Specific Libraries

As your application grows, you’ll have hundreds or even thousands of individual web handlers, for different combinations of HTTP verbs and URL paths. The purpose of these handlers is to run different pieces of business logic. In this chapter, you’ll learn how to uncouple your business logic and web handlers from Ktor, so that you can use them in any context.
Setting Up the Web App Skeleton

This chapter will give you superpowers. You will get all the way to a working web app with routing, views/templates, and logging. You’ll set the stage for what’s to come in later chapters. It will just be you and your IDE, no starter kits or frameworks.
Parallelizing Service Calls with Coroutines

In this chapter, you’ll learn how to perform service calls (i.e., call external APIs) and how to do so efficiently. Few web apps operate in isolation, and most real-world web apps use a combination of a database and calls to external services to do their work.
A Brief Survey of Text Document Classification Algorithms and Processes

The exponential growth of unstructured data is one of the most critical challenges in data mining, text analytics, or data analytics. Around 80% of the world's data are available in unstructured format and most are left unattended due to the complexity of its analysis. It is a great challenge to guarantee the quality of the text document classifier that classifies documents based on user preferences because of large-scale terms and data patterns. The World Wide Web is growing rapidly and the availability of electronic documents is also increasing. Therefore, the automatic categorization of documents is the key factor for the systematic organization of information and knowledge discovery. Most existing widespread text mining and classification strategies have adopted term-based approaches. However, the problems of polysemy and synonymy in such approaches are of great concern. To classify documents based on their context, the context-based approach is needed to be followed. Semantic analysis of the text overcomes the limitations of the term-based approach and it also enhances the accuracy of the classifiers. This paper aims to highlight the important algorithms, techniques, and methodologies that can be used for text document classification. Furthermore, the paper also provides a review of the different stages of Text Document Classification.
Transformer-based Cross attention and Feature Diversity for Occluded Person Re-identification

Occluded person re-identification is a very difficult because the specific person is occluded by obstacles or other persons or by oneself. Major works adopt transformer-based approach show excellent performances, but they used a basic transformer only. In this paper, we suggest the various techniques to improve the transformer-based Re-ID method for the occluded person as follows. First, after extracting the heatmap and then deleting random body parts on the heat map, accurate keypoint information is obtained in data augmentation. Second, Cross-attention between the keypoint heatmap and the output of the transformer
Organised Crime Makes You Lie Hastily: Evidence from An On-Line Experiment

We investigate experimentally whether exposure to a context plagued by organised crime violence induces people to misreport private information as an instinctive response. We implement a standard coin flipping task repeated for 30 times, and measure participants' response times to identify hasty and thoughtful types of subjects. Our findings support the hypothesis that living in a context plagued by organised crime violence induces a prevalence of hasty subjects who lie as an instinctive response. We record a higher degree of randomness in the decisions of hasty subjects compared to the thoughtful ones, indicating that exposure to a criminal context might limit individuals' ability to correctly figure out the incentives of the decision problem at hand.
A COVID-19 Vaccine Notifier Android App “CoWin Mitra”

The government of India has launched a web portal to register and schedule appointments for COVID-19 vaccination. This paper illustrates an android app model through which people can get notified about available slots according to their filters (age-group, dose type, vaccine name, centers). The proposed app checks for available slots for every given time in the background. Users can schedule their appointment and also enable/disable notifications at any time in the app. The project is developed in android studio. The data source is API Setu, and for client side, Java, XML, and SQLite are used. Software Development Life Cycle model and testing methods are used during the development process. ER diagram, message sequence chart, and flow chart have been shown for database, some important functions, and development process, respectively. The project developed is highly efficient, lightweight, and user-friendly.
Building API-Based Back Ends

In the modern world of web apps, it’s common to have back ends that are completely API based and have either a mobile app or a JavaScript-based web front end that interacts with them. In this chapter, you’ll learn how to set up an API for those scenarios.
Pruning in Recommendation System Using Learned Bloom Filter

A good recommendation can play a pivotal role in the human decision-making process. With the exponential rise in consumerism in this era of technology, consumers face a wide range of choices while a difficult conundrum for producers is to sell their content to specific users, which maximizes the profit. The concept of recommender systems (RSs) tries to solve this issue for both buyers and sellers alike, and the availability of a large amount of related data just makes the task less challenging. In this paper, a new model of RS is proposed that uses a probabilistic data structure (PDS), besides the traditional model, to further improve the recommendations provided to the user. As the amount of data collected is said to increase drastically over time, a PDS makes the task of storing a large amount of data and querying from the storage easier. In this paper, we focus to solve the issues of normal RS by using bloom filter a PDS to provide a better recommendation to the user.
Effect of Unit Environment and Perception of Utility Value in Military Life on Military Adaptation

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of soldier’s perception of the utility value in military life and Unit Environment (atmosphere and service conditions of military units) on military adaptation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study, and recruited 397 participants from two army units. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from October to November 2020. The researcher used descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis to analyze Data. Results: The perception of utility value in military life and the positive atmosphere of the unit could predict the military adaptation. And there was an moderating effect between the positive atmosphere of the unit and perception of utility value in military life. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the utility value in military life has a positive effect on military adaptation and that effect can be further increased by interacting with the positive unit atmosphere. Therefore, military units should strive to create an atmosphere of mutual trust in order to improve soldier's military adaptation, and instruct soldiers to appreciate the utility value of military life.
Beak-A-Boo: An Augmented Reality Mobile Application About Endangered Bird Species in the Philippines

This capstone project aims to create a visual book with an augmented reality feature and a CMS-based website. The application uses augmented reality technology to track target images on the book and display 3D models and animations of the 30 endangered bird species in the Philippines. To elaborate, when a target image is found, the application will display the 3D model of the bird and two different animations for the user to explore. The application was developed using Vuforia and Unity; the 3D models of the endangered bird species will be modeled and animated using Autodesk Maya, Substance Painter, and ZBrush, and the design and layout of the book were created using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe InDesign. The developed system is one of the first AR books about endangered bird species in the country, attempting to disseminate information and raise awareness about the status of endangered birds using augmented reality. To prove that the application is practical and usable, the researchers surveyed 70 respondents consisting of ten from the client’s organization, 40 from the general public, ten bird lovers, and ten I.T. professionals. Based on the survey results, the system proves to be practical and usable in disseminating information and raising awareness about the status of endangered birds. Future researchers can improve the system by adopting some features and enhancing the application so that users can still utilize the mobile application even without the visual book. The researchers also encourage future researchers to implement the application in other devices with different operating systems, such as iOS and Windows, to cater to a broader range of users.