Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
An image encryption based on confusion-diffusion using two chaotic maps and Frobenius endomorphism

The chaotic map including 2D-Henon and Tent maps, have been widely used in modern cryptography, due to its high level of security and low cost of computation, compared to traditional algorithms. This study suggests a method for sharing images that are dependent on both confusion and diffusion for securing a gray-scale image. First, a new perturbation method of pixels based on Henon map to generate the permutation matrix for scrambling the plain image is proposed. The confused image should be encrypted, in which we combine the Frobenius endomorphism and Tent chaotic map to generate a key encryption. Using the eXclusive-OR operation, the substitution process is realized between the key encryption and confused image. The simulation results of the proposed scheme maintain a lossless encryption quality, and the security analysis, which includes differential attack entropy, correlation coefficient, and histogram analysis illustrate that the proposed approach reveals a high performance.
Low latency PAE: Permutation-Based Address Encryption Hardware Engine for IoT Real-Time Memory Protection

In Internet of Things (IoT) endpoint devices, some data or address ciphers are used for real-time memory protection to mitigate some side-channel attacks against memories. To better meet the requirements of real-time memory protection, this paper proposes a hardware engine of Permutation-based Address Encryption (PAE) to implement memory address encryption with flexible width adaptation, low latency, and low hardware overhead. When evaluated with TSMC’s 40-nm standard CMOS technology, PAE features lightweight characteristics with a gate count of 0.589 KGates, which is only 0.37% of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and 33.50% of address cipher Galois Field Encryption (GF-Enc). The security of PAE in memory protection is quantitatively proven through both logic cryptanalysis and side-channel attacks. The results show that PAE performs effective mitigation in some side-channel attacks and provides better security than other address ciphers in resisting the brute-force attack, CPA attack, and the differential attack. A RISC-V system with PAE and AES is deployed on an FPGA platform to analyze the impact on performance. The evaluation data show that PAE has no impact on system throughput in the case analysis, while AES reduces system throughput by 89.47%.
Accelerated Algorithm for Ridge and Valley Detection

The paper considers methods for ridge and valley detection in images, including maps of the earth's surface, both real and synthesized. The relevance of this task is due to the fact that the processing of digital elevation maps and the detection of informationally important objects on them has found wide application in agriculture, hydrogeological research, and road construction. The proposed methods make it possible to detect both ridges and valleys, as well as combined structures that include both types of objects. In this case, it is easy to vary both the general sensitivity of the method and the individual sensitivity to the ridge and valley detection. Modifications of the methods have also been proposed that provide a reduction in software and hardware complexity, which will make it possible to implement image processors on microcontrollers and FPGAs and use them in on-board equipment placed on drones. Algorithms can be accelerated, on the one hand, by rounding the coefficients of smoothing filters to powers of two, and, on the other hand, by accelerating the calculation of eigenvalues. The methods have proved their effectiveness in processing digital maps of the earth's surface. The results of the work can be used in the construction of software and hardware image processing systems.
Restricted Particle Swarm Optimization Meta-heuristic method

This work presents a modified version of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based on improved parameters, Opposite-Based-Learning parametrization, and constraints based on forbidden locations in the search space. The method exhibits fast convergence and stability in the search for optimal parameter values. It has been tested on classical test functions proposed in the literature and compared with the performance of the seminal method and a recently proposed one. Representative results demonstrate the method’s potential to be applied in realistic situations.
Security models of the Internet of Things

The IoT is a cyber-convergent system that includes things, means of communication, target ap-plications, and data analysis tools that support the unique identification of each object. IoT technologies play a vital role in the creation of cyber-convergent systems due to their wide us-age in various spheres of life such as industry, social sphere, health care, and creating a com-fortable environment. The IoT security model method ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data that is transferred between devices and also guarantees the privacy and secu-rity of end users. The creation and use of IoT systems directly affect the security and privacy of the involved and connected components. The presented study introduces an analysis of IoT ar-chitecture models with end-to-end security support. The conducted literature review reveals the challenges of various aspects of security faced by the IoT environment. Some models imple-menting different security strategies at different layers of the IoT are described. These include the perception layer which provides the authentication process for identifying IoT entities, the network layer which focuses on the security processes of cloud platforms, and the application layer which provides authentication and authorization for end users. The results of the analysis show that building secure IoT systems is based on three main strategies: proper configuring and ensuring the protection of all IoT devices; using secure wireless networks to connect IoT devic-es to corporate or global networks; constant situational awareness of security threats to IoT de-vices; and implementing appropriate security solutions to protect them from attacks. The ma-turity model of the IoT security system based on the ISA/IEC 62443 document package is also described.
Does consciousness have an ontological status?

The question of the ontological status of consciousness traditionally accompanies the philos­ophy of consciousness. In modern conditions, it is often initiated by representatives of ana­lytical philosophy and assumes the nature of the discussion of a mind-body problem. The author of the article proceeds from the fact that in the history of philosophy, appeal to the problem of the ontology of consciousness began with the discussion of the specific properties of mental constructs used to describe reality. On this basis, the initial contrast be­tween the ideal and material arises, and consciousness appears as a manifestation of the ideal. With the birth of experimental science, philosophy of the New Age and Psychology, the condemnation of a psychophysical problem is actualized, the solution of which was to open the way to comprehend the nature of consciousness. In modern conditions, cognitive studies are one of the grounds for actualizing the psychophysical problem, focused on the study of brain and neural networks. The article shows that the study of biophysical instru­ments of consciousness is not enough to understand its nature. The author relies on the cul­tural-historical (cultural-activity) concept of the formation of consciousness, which focuses on the formation of symbolic behavior as its attribrutive property.
Book review: P.N. Baryshnikov “Computational models of the mind: From code to meaning” (Moscow: LENAND, 2022. 320 pp.)

The cognitive revolution of the mid-20th century allowed scientists to return consciousness into respectable scientific research, thereby bypassing the eliminativist approaches of behav­iorism and physicalism. Machine functionalism adopted the computer metaphor and became the philosophical foundation for this new scientific trend. In the second half of the 20th cen­tury, many significant data were obtained by the efforts of cognitive scientists on how men­tal processes are arranged, but the methodological boundaries of computational theories and the ontological status of mental states remained a serious problem. This complex issue is closely analyzed by P.N. Baryshnikov in his book “Computational models of the mind: From code to meaning”. Moving along the historical line of development of cognitive sci­ence and related philosophical conceptions, the author demonstrates that computational the­ories are not able to explain the semantic aspect of mental states, although they have heuris­tic potential for creating artificial intelligent systems that implement some of the cognitive functions of the human mind.
Summary and Future Perspectives

We provide simple and clear verifications for various complex phenomena in physics as non-trivial stationary states in the dynamics of asymmetric interaction of particles in non-equilibrium dissipative systems (ADS) from physical and mathematical perspectives.
Solar Irradiation Prediction Based on M5 Model Tree and Feature Importance Evaluation

In the last decade, the usage of renewable energy is on the rise, and that trend will only continue because technology is becoming more developed, so renewable energy sources are going to offer more for the same price. Besides all positive properties, there are also some negatives like direct dependence on the weather conditions. That means energy production is constantly changing, so it must be as precisely as possible predicted to be usable on a large scale. Fifteen attributes were analyzed using M5 regression tree. High positive degree of correlation was found between participle water and dew point temperature, air temperature with dew point, air temperature with precipitation of water, snow depth with Albedo daily, zenith angle with relative humidity, GHI with Air temperature. It was found that the zenith angle, between the normal of the Earth’s surface and the Sun, was the most important feature of the dataset for solar irradiation prediction.
Letter Recognition Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Optical character recognition represents the mechanical or electronic conversion of handwritten, typed or printed images into coded text. Optical character recognition is widely used as a form of data entry from records that have been printed, and it can include invoices, bank statements, passports and many more. In the research, Optical character recognition reads data from the Re-Captcha dataset of images, converts them into strings, and these strings are used for testing, training and calculating prediction accuracy. The methodologies used are Convolutional neural network and Recurrent neural network. The convolutional neural network consist of neurons that receive data and group them according to similarity. A recurrent neural network cycle can be created between the connections of nodes, allowing the output from nodes to influence the subsequent input to other nodes. For data were used Re-Captcha images, and for the prediction of characters from images was used TensorFlow with Keras. The best results that are produced can be compared between first and last result, where the loss for first result was 20.63 and value loss was 16.45, while last result has loss of 0.56 and value loss of 2.96
India data law raises state surveillance risks

Significance It said that it believes that state-sponsored attackers were remotely trying to compromise the iPhones associated with their Apple IDs. That warning revived discussions on the government’s attempt to win legislative sanction for its digital surveillance activities using the Digital Data Protection Act (DDPA) passed in August. Impacts State-backed surveillance of opposition and civil society critics will increase with legal sanction from the Act. Enterprises including big tech would have greater freedom in storing and using data for commercial purposes. Individuals (data principals) will have little control over the collection, storage and use of information about them.
Fluid Relationships of Young Individuals of the Digital Age Based on Distrust and Uncertainty

The world has been developing and transforming, for better or worse, since humans have existed and interacted with each other. Because, depending on the developments, the values and behavioral patterns of individuals and societies are constantly changing. In today's societies, where information and communication technologies are rapidly developing, the process of adapting to the digital world changes our cultural values, moral norms, business and social lives, in short, our daily lives. The values of young individuals, who are defined as the digital generation and who were introduced to the internet before school age, are quite different from the values of previous generations. Perhaps the biggest difference that distinguishes today's young individuals from other generations is that they were born in a period when change was very rapid and experienced in fractures. In this context, young individuals of the digital world love change, transformation and innovation, but as speed enthusiasts, they are more inclined to do everything practically, quickly and get results immediately. At this point, the relationships of young individuals in their daily lives appear to be extremely fluid, fast, fragile and result-oriented. As a matter of fact, in this text, the issue of the fluidity of daily relationships of young individuals in a digital society where individualization is increasing all over the world is discussed on a sociological basis. Because, in our world where individualization is excessive, relationships are like a double-edged sword. Individuals oscillate between beautiful dreams and nightmares, it is not known when one will turn into the other. Most of the time, these two states coexist, albeit at different levels of consciousness. After all, in today's digital world, the stability and reliability of the human relations network is not getting any better.
Authentication and Authorization in Web Applications

This article navigates through the landscape of OAuth 2.0, a pivotal authentication and authorization protocol widely adopted in web applications. By demystifying the core components – namely the Resource Owner, Client, Resource Server, Authorization Server, Access Token, and Refresh Token – the article sheds light on their distinct roles and interplay in safeguarding user credentials while permitting authorized access to protected resources. Furthermore, it delves into the various authorization flows, elucidating mechanisms that guide secure interactions between users, applications, and resource servers. With an adjunct focus on security considerations and challenges, the article provides a holistic view of implementing OAuth 2.0. It aims to give developers and IT professionals comprehensive insights into effectively leveraging this protocol while mitigating potential vulnerabilities. A balanced perspective juxtaposes the protocol's robustness and complexity, striving to offer a thorough understanding of employing OAuth 2.0 in diverse web application scenarios.
Lecture as a Means of Translating Cultural Capital and Reproducing of Intellectual Elite

The present paper is to study the meaning and functions of classical (full-time, “face-to-face”) lectures in the modern educational process. The essence of the lecture is revealed in the light of the social concept of Randall Collins' creativity and his sociology of intellectual networks. The study`s approach allows for interpreting lecture as an archetypal version of intellectual interactive ritual that provides reliable transmission of cultural capital from one generation of intellectuals to another. During the interaction successful participants of the described process acquire a high emotional potential necessary for intellectual creativity, which is determined by personal contacts of intellectuals “face to face”, as well as their positions in the intellectual network. The results of the study enable the authors to state that the lecture has such characteristics that make it a unique and irreplaceable way to gain intellectual experience for both the lecturer and the audience, and as a consequence, acts as the basis for the reproduction of the intellectual elite. Therefore, an online lecture can only be an addition to a classical lecture, without which this reproduction would become impossible, and stagnation would occur in science. Of course, only a small part of students and postgraduates will become outstanding scientists, but they will shape the science. The above considerations are followed by a number of illustrative examples from the history of education and personal long-term pedagogical practice of the authors. The paper concludes with the answers to standard reproaches against classical lectures as a form of education. The research has not only theoretical, but also practical significance, orienting young teachers to master the art of lecturing.
Fuzzy Controller for Visitor Monitor System

The field of image identification using deep learning has made great strides, and home services and security systems that utilize biometric data such as fingerprint, iris, and face recognition are in demand. This article has focused on user authentication techniques that make use of facial recognition. A webcam-based visitor authentication system is presented in this paper. A webcam is used to gather face data with four attributes that can be used to identify a person during the preprocessing stage of face recognition.
Prioritized experience replay in path planning via multi-dimensional transition priority fusion

Introduction Deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-based path planning algorithms for intelligent robots struggle to discern the value of experience transitions during training due to their reliance on a random experience replay. This can lead to inappropriate sampling of experience transitions and overemphasis on edge experience transitions. As a result, the algorithm's convergence becomes slower, and the success rate of path planning diminishes. Methods We comprehensively examines the impacts of immediate reward, temporal-difference error (TD-error), and Actor network loss function on the training process. It calculates experience transition priorities based on these three factors. Subsequently, using information entropy as a weight, the three calculated priorities are merged to determine the final priority of the experience transition. In addition, we introduce a method for adaptively adjusting the priority of positive experience transitions to focus on positive experience transitions and maintain a balanced distribution. Finally, the sampling probability of each experience transition is derived from its respective priority. Results The experimental results showed that the test time of our method is shorter than that of PER algorithm, and the number of collisions with obstacles is less. It indicated that the determined experience transition priority accurately gauges the significance of distinct experience transitions for path planning algorithm training. Discussion This method enhances the utilization rate of transition conversion and the convergence speed of the algorithm and also improves the success rate of path planning.
Assessing the impact of installation of prepaid water meters on performance of lilongwe waterboard

The impact of the installation of prepaid water meters on the performance of Lilongwe Waterboard, a water utility company in Malawi, was the main focus of this study. A survey was conducted among corporate consumers using prepaid water meters, and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that prepaid water meters have improved the billing of corporate customers, with monthly bills decreasing significantly after the introduction of prepaid meters. However, customers still faced challenges such as inconsistent water supply, high installation costs, high operational costs, inability to purchase water due to poor network, and low water pressure. The study recommends that Lilongwe Waterboard should continue to improve its services to minimize customer complaints. Further research is needed to assess the impact of prepaid water meters in other locations. Due to its high cost and the service provider's inability to maximize revenue from the generated billing, the system has received a lot of criticism from customers. It is necessary to determine the billing patterns prior to and following the implementation of prepaid water meters and to assess the impact of those patterns on the operation of the Lilongwe Waterboard.
Self-Managed Online Social Network using Blockchain Technology

Online social networks (OSNs) are becoming more and more integrated into people's everyday lives. In any case, since all notable OSNs are controlled, there are a few issues with privacy, management, and security. Users are usually restricted to using the services that OSN firms deploy after agreeing the OSN agreements. But a lot of contracts let OSN companies get to user data to provide personalized services like ads. Users typically have to submit a number of elaborate applications or even stop using such Online Social Network (OSN) if they don't let the businesses use their information while protecting their privacy. Blockchain technology combined with a decentralized architecture can address the aforementioned problems. In this architecture, most of the network functions are distributed among the multiple nodes. It means they are responsible for managing their own network policies, security and performance because the network traffic directly flows between those nodes. It is suggested in this project work to create an OSN service based on blockchain technology and demonstrate its decentralized operation. An enormous amount of data with generally low security requirements can be decentralized by storing it in the Interplanetary File system (IPFS). This distributes data to nodes consisting of hundreds of thousands of individual computers connected to the IPFS, rather than storing data in a single centralized server. A decentralized autonomous organization that allows users to democratically self-manage the OSN may be established in order to promote user autonomy.
GPI: The Geoscientist Price Index

So you want to be a geoscientist? Inspired by the Consumer Price Index, here’s what might be in your “market basket.”