Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
THE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

The current study seeks to explore primary school teachers’ implementations of the concept of digital citizenship. The study adopted a questionnaire as the quantitative method and distributed it to the participants online. 943 participants were both (female, male) of Hail city in Saudi Araba. The results show that the primary teachers have positive implementations about the concept of digital citizenship and its dimensions. It also found that tender had no effect on digital citizenship dimensions. However, primary teachers with more than 10 years of technological experience high higha level of knowledge of concept of digital citizenship, especially in digital communication and digital etiquette. Based on the findings, the study recommended focusing on developing the capabilities of educational cadres in general and teachers in particular, as well as preparing and training them in the areas of digital citizenship, allowing them to teach it effectively and to effectively employ digital technologies in the educational process. More research is needed in the future to identify the requirements for citizenship in education from the set of cultural, social, health, legal, and security determinants related to digital technology that enable the educational system in general, and teachers in particular, to contribute to the preparation of a modern citizen capable of using and employing digital technology in a safe and sound manner. Keywords: descriptive research, digital citizenship (dc), education system, primary school teachers
A Contrastive Analysis of English-Hindi Noun Phrase in the Discipline of Translation

A noun phrase is an extension of a noun, in which one or more adjectives or modifiers are used with the noun. In terms of translation studies, the analysis of internal and external textual factors contributes to the knowledge of the source text and to a better understanding of the text and its aim. Noun phrases are an important element in terms of intertextual factors of the source text. Hence, the objectives of the present study are to describe and explain the function of noun phrases in English and Hindi languages in terms of text analysis for understanding a source text, producing an acceptable translation, and the assessment of that translation and to indicate an investigation of the similarities and differences of the noun phrase in the two languages. The present study focuses on the similarities and differences between Hindi and English noun phrases. Data were gathered using library surveys. Data analysis was performed as a comparative study based on contrastive analysis techniques. The key research findings of this paper are based on identifying several comparative elements of English and Hindi noun phrases. This paper emphasizes that the classification of noun phrases and Englis-hHindi noun phrases may play with respect to the action or state described by a governing verb.
Hybrid Sand Cat Swarm Optimization Kernel Extreme Learning Machines for Android Ransomware Classification

Abstract The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Data Mining Analytics Application for Estimating Used Car Price during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Covid-19 has resulted in an increase in the people's need for vehicle ownership in order to avoid public transportation. People’s purchasing power, on the other hand, has also weakened. Therefore, they prefer to purchase affordable cars, such as used cars. Moreover, the Luxury Goods Sales Tax (PPnBM) discounts were officially applied to the purchase of the new cars in March 2021. This study aims at estimating the price of used cars using several data mining algorithms, such as Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Naïve Bayes. By employing the RapidMiner tool, this study was able to evaluate the attributes affecting car prices. From the experimental results, random forest producers have the highest accuracy of 95.46%. Then, this study figured out that brand, engine capacity, kilometres, colours, years, number of passengers, and transmissions are the most influential attributes to determine the estimation of the used car prices.
A Proof Showing That An Electron Consists of Vortices

The interactions of subatomic particles allow many properties to be deduced, however their physical shapes remain unclear. The waveform aspect of such particles also remains uncertain in terms of the selection of a comprehensible medium to carry the waveform, however with dark matter, and different Higgs models this has changed in that some form of carrier consisting of neutral particles can reasonably be considered to exist within space. In addition the recently captured images of an electron's momentum distribution provide information from which a structure for the electron might be realised, and these ideas are analysed and combined within this paper. It was found, under the guidance of the conservation of energy law, within a three dimensional space containing neutral particles, that the constraints imposed by the image force the deduction that electrons are formed from at least two ring vortices.
Image Dilution using Harris Corner Detection and Geometric Kernels

Image files contain large amounts of data. An image is essentially a matrix of values, often represented as ARGB (alpha, red, green, blue) arrays. A large three dimensional matrix with a height and width likely in the hundreds can take long for a program to read. However, many applications may only require specific key features to understand an image. The majority of pixel data is relatively unimportant when determining the contents of the image file. In fact, such extra data can sometimes deceive the machine, or in the case of a hybrid image [1], the human viewer. Using only basic matrix calculations and matrix convolution, specifically Harris Corner Detection and Edge Detection kernels, we have extracted the key features of an image in order to dilute its data. The results show that any confusion, such as noise or the low frequencies of a hybrid image, becomes weaker, and that the computation is very efficient and robust.
Analyzing Error Distributions of Quantum Noise on Cloud-Accessible IBM Quantum Computers

Quantum computing is emerging as a technology with the potential to alter modern computers and computer science completely, speeding up certain computations by many orders of magnitude. Despite the promises of quantum computing, many obstacles still stand in the way of its practical use, most notably quantum noise. Therefore, this study aims to describe and analyze the effect of noise on quantum computations. Analysis of noise includes the application of the Central Limit Theorem and the empirical rule to calculate broad bounds for future expected error, in circuits consisting of NOT and Hadamard gates. Analysis also includes the development of an empty quantum circuit error distribution, centered around 1.38%, with a standard deviation of 0.395%, and examines error trends as circuits grow in size and complexity. Finally, a discussion of quantum error correction is presented in the context of both current technology and future possibilities.
Design of Electronic System for Control of Parameters in an Incubator

Temperature and humidity are the most important factors that must be controlled during egg incubation. The irrelevant temperature and humidity values during the incubation period often result in unwanted conditions. This paper introduces a design and implementation of an electronic control unit for an incubator. In order to achieve a high degree of hatching in the incubators, it is necessary to ensure precise maintenance of the parameters of the indoor microclimate. In this work, an electronic system for controlling the temperature and humidity of the air has been developed and investigated. For this purpose, a block diagram of the system has been developed, a basic electrical circuit of the electronic module has been built, and the individual blocks of the electronic system have been designed. Simulation and experimental results for the operation of the system have been obtained.
Investigating the Market Linkages between Cryptocurrencies and Conventional Assets

Many investors include cryptocurrencies as potential investment tools in their portfolios. Previous studies have mostly analyzed Bitcoin regarding its hedge and safe haven features. Although the cryptocurrency market has expanded far beyond Bitcoin, few studies have examined the interaction among all other cryptocurrencies and conventional financial assets. For this purpose, as the dependent variable, we included the cryptocurrency index to represent the cryptocurrency market, whereas international stocks, bonds, United States (US) dollars, gold, and commodities as independent variables in the analysis. The interactions among the variables were analyzed using the Granger causality tests. The analysis results revealed a two-way causality relationship between the cryptocurrency market and the bond markets, indicating that the cryptocurrency index can be used to predict bond prices and vice versa.
ANALISIS CLUSTER TERHADAP INDIKATOR DATA SOSIAL DI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR MENGGUNAKAN METODE SELF ORGANIZING MAP (SOM)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is used to assess the quality of life in a given area. In general, the HDI of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province increased by 0.88 percent per year from 2011 to 2020 and fell by 0.06 percent in 2019-2020. The characteristics of the current situation of HDI in all districts/cities in NTT were defined using 9 variables in this study. The goal of this study is to combine clustering analysis with a Self-Organizing Map (SOM). Based on the analysis, it was found that NTT has four clusters based on HDI, with clusters 1, 2, 3, and 4 having 16, 3, 2, and 1 member(s) respectively. The cluster findings are meant to be utilized as a guide by the government when developing public policy or making decisions, given the seriousness of the Covid-19 pandemic. These findings could be used to address social issues in NTT, as well as be supported by beneficial policies.
Building a Named Entity Recognition model for Ethiopian Languages: a comparative analysis of composite feature embedding

Abstract Named Entity Recognition (NER) has become a critical and essential step in information extraction, machine translation, and question-and-answering systems in a different language. One of the most important factors which directly and significantly affects the quality of the NER is the selection and encoding of the input features to generate rich semantic and grammatical representation vectors. However, the existing NER models are insufficient to handle new and unseen entity types from the growing Amharic digital data, and the development of more effective and accurate NER models is being widely researched. In this regard, herein, we propose a deep learning NER model that effectively represents word tokens through the design of a combinatorial feature embedding; and performed a comparative analysis with the existing models for Ethiopian languages. The word vectors built for all tokens using an unsupervised learning algorithm was merged with a set of specifically developed language-independent features and together fed to the neural network model to predict the classes of the words. Empirical results over the Ethiopian language dataset show that the use of character-level word embeddings in conjunction with other features in BiLSTM-CRF models leads to comparable state-of-the-art performance. Besides just showing the ability of our model to generalize to different languages, we evaluated the model and obtained state-of- the-art performances: 92.88%, and 82.35% of accuracy on AM_NER and Oro_ NER datasets, respectively.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA K-MEDOIDS DAN K-ERROR UNTUK PENGELOMPOKAN KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH BERDASARKAN JUMLAH PRODUKSI PETERNAKAN TAHUN 2020

The livestock sub-sector is one of the sub-sectors that contribute to the national economy and can significantly absorb labour so that it can be relied upon in efforts to improve the national economy. One of the steps used to increase livestock production in each region in Central Java Province is regional mapping. Cluster analysis is one of the regional mapping methods that can increase livestock production by grouping regencies/cities with characteristics of the same level of livestock production based on the type of livestock production. The k-error and k-medoids method is a non-hierarchical cluster analysis method, where the k-error is a method developed to overcome the problem of data measurement errors in classical cluster analysis, while the k-medoids is a method used to overcome the problem of outliers contained in the data. The validity test of the standard deviation ratio and the WB Index was used to determine the quality of the clustering results. The small validity value of the standard deviation ratio and the WB Index shows the best results of clustering and selecting method. Based on the results of the clustering, the optimal cluster was obtained at k=7 using the k-medoids algorithm, where the validation value of the standard deviation ratio=0.773 and WB Index=0.531.
Moderating role of Government Policy into the relationship between Digital Distrust, Negative Emotions, Information Overload and Cyber violence: Evidence from Pakistan

Cyber violence is emerging and critical for adolescents in Pakistan. The federal investigation agency in Pakistan is reporting thousands of cyber violence Crimes every year. The cases of cyber violence have a deep psychological impact on the victims. Therefore, the core objective of this study was to investigate the Impact of emerging determinants of cyber violence like negative emotions, information overload, and government policy on Cyber Violence behaviours among Adolescents. The study is based on primary data collected on the Likert scale and Partial Least Square (PLS) method was used for data analysis. The study concludes that adolescents in Pakistan are increasingly demonstrating cyber violence and in turn affecting their psychological state of affairs. This study enhances the literature on the significant role of government policy decrease cyber violence. Concerning cyber violence against adolescents, this study has significant practical implications critically important for the government and other stakeholders to reduce the cases of cyber violence in Pakistan. The future directions of this study direct the new gaps in the literature for future research.
PENGUJIAN RELIABILITY APLIKASI SMART CITY MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK PENGUJIAN EKSPLORASI BERBASIS TUR

Smart City is a solution to overcome various problems in urban areas through interactive internet-based applications that provide various services that can be accessed by the public online. By 2020, more than 50% of the population in Indonesia live in urban areas, and this number will continue to increase in the future. To facilitate urban population services, the government has developed smart city services in various cities since the last 5 years. Such development needs to be supported from various fields, including from the technical side of system development. Smart city applications must be reliable so that they can be used properly by the community. In this study, reliability testing was carried out on six smart city applications in six cities, namely Live Tangerang, Sadayana Bandung, Jogja Smart Services, Cimahi SmartCity, Nganjuk Smart City and Tuban Smart City using tour-based exploratory testing techniques. The test results show that there are deficiencies or bugs found in the form of inconvenience to use because there is no error handling on the input form, an unresponsive interface, unavailability of information, and imperfect navigation. In addition, there are some bugs that are quite annoying, namely the sudden closing of the application when the user uses certain features.&#x0D;
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT (WEBSITE) IN SUPPORTING GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION IN DEPOK CITY, WEST JAVA PROVINCE

The focus of this research is the development of information technology in supporting government communication in the city of Depok, West Java Province, more specifically regarding the website of the Government of Depok City, West Java Province.&#x0D; There have been several researches on the websites of regional governments, including; 1. Evaluation of E-Government Implementation on Local Government Websites in Indonesia: Content and Management Perspective by Edwin Arief Sosiawan Fisip UPN Yogyakarta in 2008, 2. Quality Evaluation of Local Government Websites Using the Webqual Method (Case Study in Ogan Ilir District) by Candra Irawan UGM Faculty of Engineering Thesis in 2011, 3. Website Representation of Lampung Provincial Government as a Communication and Public Service Media in the Framework of E-Government By Arlyandi Satya Djauhari Fisip Unila in 2016, and 4. Website usability level on the Banten Province Public Relations Bureau website by M. Ervin Kurniawan Fisip Untirta Banten in 2016, which distinguishes this research when compared to the above research are: 1. This research focuses on the development of information technology in this case the website for public services at the City level, Depok City, 2. This research uses the Alvaro Rocha study (2014) published in the Emerlad Journal which is Scopus indexed, the Rocha (2014) study entitled "Framework for a global quality evaluation of a website".&#x0D; The method in this research is qualitative, in qualitative research with an inductive approach it is easier for researchers to take pictures and describe the facts in the field, then the findings in the field are dissected with various theories that have been prepared. The results of this research are; The Depok City Government has used the website to communicate and provide services to the public, but the website needs some improvements, among others; 1. The renewal of information on the website needs to be improved, 2. Community complaints need to be answered immediately, 3. Depok City Communication and Information Agency needs to be given more authority to gather information spread across several agency 4. Website maintenance needs to be considered because there are several pages that cannot be opened.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Public Service, Communication, Website, Information Technology.
Study of CEFR Level B1 Vocabularies On Instagram

Language competence is needed in this era because in this revolution industry 4.0 foreign companies can built their business in Indonesia. Therefore, as Indonesian generation must be ready to face this international competition using international languages. The purpose of the study is to Improve CEFR Level B1 Vocabularies Through Instagram. Research design used in this research was qualitative research. Literature study is carried out to obtain the necessary data by reading the literature sources. The data was collected from some English Instagram accounts in August 2022, the accounts are Bahasa Inggris Daily, Belajar_Bahasa.Inggris, Kampunginggrislc, bahasainggris, Englishtoday.bali, the result of this study is the accounts post some vocabulary, phrases/idioms for improving English skills by proving some information about proper vocabularies, synonym and how to apply them. Through Instagram, English learners can improve their vocabularies although not every account post English vocabularies that related to CEFR Level B1 Vocabularies. Conclusion of the study is Instagram can facilitates English Learners to improve their English skill.
Membangun Mail Server Berbasis Linux Menggunakan Postfix dan Dovecot

In today's era, information exchange is fast and can be done in various ways and one of them is using email. There are many free email service providers that can be used, such as Gmail, Yahoo Mail and Outlook. In addition to free services, email servers can also be used to serve communication between clients and transfer data over the local network using a custom domain for the company. The purpose of this report is to build your own email server using the server development method using the Linux Ubuntu 18.04 operating system and the software Postfix and Dovecot as its supports. The results of this mail server work can send emails from one user to another through the terminal directly correctly. Sending can be done directly using the terminal without creating a text first or creating a text before sending it. Both ways are equally successful in the main process in the mail server.
The Effectiveness of Comic Strip in Improving Studentsâ€™ Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension

The purpose of this study was to discover there was a substantial effect of using comic strips on studentsâ€™ vocabulary and reading comprehension in the tenth grade at SMK Lab Business School Kota Tangerang. The researcher used a quantitative method. In this study, pre-experimental research one-group pre-test post-test was used with 40 students as the sample, which was taken at non-random. The instruments for data collection were vocabulary and reading comprehension tests. The data distribution was not normal, so the researcher used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to analyze it. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test vocabulary and reading comprehension results of the above pre-test and post-test data were 0.000 less than 0.05. The mean score for the pre-test vocabulary was 58.12 and the mean score for the post-test vocabulary was 78.63. Meanwhile, the pre-test reading comprehension score was 58.12 and the post-test score was 78.63. It revealed a significant increase from the first to the second mean score. As a result, the findings of this study, which used comic strips to improve studentsâ€™ vocabulary and reading comprehension in the tenth grade at SMK Lab Business School Kota Tangerang had a significant effect. This suggests that comic strips can be used as an alternative media in the process of teaching vocabulary and reading comprehension.Keywords: Comic Strip, Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary
APPLICATIONS TO MONITOR MATERNAL HEALTH IN PREVENTING STUNTING

The research method uses the Rapid Application Development (RAD) approach, by developing computer applications to monitor maternal health. The results show that this application is able to produce information on the history of physical examinations on patients more quickly and accurately. Reports are presented in the form of print outs and graphics. The graphic display makes it easier for the midwife to read the progress of the patient's health. Midwives are also faster in detecting abnormal patient conditions, so midwives can immediately provide education, action or therapy.