Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
High-Rate Quantum Key Distribution Over Free-Space Links

To enable practical real-time quantum key distribution (QKD) over free-space links, such as for satellite-to-ground secure communications, the encoding rate of the system should be sufficiently high to distribute long keys (>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> bits) in a short period of time (< 300 seconds) [1]. Here, we report an optical assembly and driving electronics designed to form a low-size}, weight and power (SWaP) QKD transmitter, which can operate at gigahertz clock rates. The QKD transmitter employs multiple vertical cavity surface emission lasers (VCSELs), which provide a low power and high polarization extinction ratio (PER) source of weak coherent pulses of light. These light pulses are combined using an intrinsically stable optical combining module utilising polarization-maintaining fiber. In the experiments presented we employ discrete variable QKD via the decoy-state BB84 protocol to achieve high secure key rates over large channel losses [2]. We characterise the source using a free-space polarization decoder over short free-space links within the laboratory and explore the performance of the system with commercially available single photon detectors. Fig. 1 Plot showing the effect of varying the channel loss over the free-space link. We show the measured quantum bit error rate (blue circles), sifting rate (green triangles) and secure key rate (red squares) alongside the rates simulated using the measured system parameters (solid lines). We characterise the system up to ~38 db of channel loss, revealing positive key rates at relatively high channel loss.
Real Field Clock Synchronization for Quantum Key Distribution Using Correlated Photon Pairs

We present the implementation of a time synchronization protocol on a real field quantum key distribution link spanning over 50km, managing to continuously keep the relative drift between two distant clocks below 12 ps. © 2023 The Author(s)
A Study on the Effect of Safety Climate of the Special Warfare Forces on Organizational Effectiveness

Recently, the government has laid an institutional foundation for reducing safety accidents, but the cost of industrial accidents and social losses is increasing. In addition, safety accidents in the military cause property damage and loss of lives, leading to non-combat losses, as well as distrust of the military and reduced combat power, requiring attention and related research on safety. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the effect of the safety climate of special warfare forces on organizational effectiveness. The results of this study are as follows. The effects of safety climate on organizational effectiveness were studied and found that safety intervention, safety communication, safety education, physical environment and work risk assessment, safety supervisor's supportive environment, safety work competence, and safety rules and procedures affect organizational effect. However, it was confirmed that the work pressure caused by convenienceism and the level of involvement of the unit members did not affect the organizational effectiveness.
Panduan Asas Kaedah Kenal Pasti Status Hadis: Kajian Diskriptif Penggunaan Ensiklopedia Hadis 9 Imam

The development of Islamic applications has greatly helped in the learning process, especially in the study of hadith. The process of identifying the status of hadith becomes easier, but it requires proper discipline. However, beginner users still struggle to use the applications, as there is no guidance on how to use them. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate the basic methods for identifying the status of hadith by exploring the Encyclopedia of the 9 Imams application. The methodology used is a qualitative approach to collecting hadith data provided in the application. As a result, this article will introduce five basic guidelines for identifying the status of hadith using technological tools. Firstly, identify the sources of hadith references. Secondly, identify the search for hadith. Thirdly, determine the keywords of the hadith. Fourthly, analyze the hadith from the perspective of its content and chain of narration (sanad). Lastly, seek confirmation from experts regarding whether the discovered status of the hadith is accepted or not. All of these guidelines serve as a foundation for beginners in the study of hadith.
Development of Magneto-Optical Diffractive Deep Neural Network

We propose a magneto-optical diffractive deep neural network (MO-D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> NN). We simulated MO-D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> NNs, each of which consists of five hidden layers made of a magnetic material that contains 100 × 100 magnetic domains with a domain width of 1 µm and an interlayer distance of 0.7 mm. The networks demonstrate a classification accuracy of > 90% for the MNIST dataset when the light intensity was used as the detection signal. The accuracy was > 80% even for a small Faraday rotation angle of π/100 rad when the angle of polarization is used as the detection signal. The MO-D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> NN allows rewriting of the hidden layers, which is not possible with previous implementations of D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> NN. Furthermore, we fabricated a prototype of the MO-D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> NN with two layers consist of Nd <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</inf> Bi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.5</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> GaO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> thin film. The magnetic domain pattern recorded by the MO recording technique was 1 µm and the hidden layer was formed with high precision.
Structural and Compact Latent Representation Learning on Sparse Reward Environments

For the task of training RL agent in a sparse-reward, image-based observation environment, the agent should perfect both learning latent representation and having a good-exploration strategy. Standard approaches such as variational auto-encoder (VAE) could learn such representation. However, these approaches are only designed to encode the input observations into a pre-defined latent distribution and do not take into account the dynamics of the environment. To improve the training process from high-dimensional input images, we extend the standard VAE framework to learn a compact latent representation that can mimic the structures of the underlying Markov decision process. We further add an intrinsic reward based on the learned latent to encourage exploratory actions in the sparse reward environments. The intrinsic reward is designed to direct the policy to visit distant states in the latent space. Experiments on several gridworld environments with sparse rewards are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Compared to other baselines, our method has more stable performance and better exploration coverage by exploiting the learned latent structure property.
Imperative Action Masking for Safe Exploration in Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement Learning (RL) needs sufficient exploration to learn an optimal policy. However, exploratory actions could lead the learning agent to safety hazards, not necessarily in the next state but in the future. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate each action beforehand to ensure safety. The exploratory actions and the actions proposed by the RL agent could also be unsafe during training and in the deployment phase. In this work, we have proposed the Imperative Action Masking Framework, a Graph-Plan-based method considering a finite and small look ahead to assess the safety of actions from the current state. This information is used to construct action masks on the run, filtering out the unsafe actions proposed by the RL agent (including the exploitative ones). The Graph-Plan-based method makes our framework interpretable, while the finite and small look ahead makes the proposed method scalable for larger environments. However, considering the finite and small look ahead comes with a cost of overlooking safety beyond the look ahead. We have done a comparative study against the probabilistic safety shield in Pacman and Warehouse environments approach. Our framework has produced better results in terms of both safety and reward.
MetaLibrary: Towards Social Immersive Environments for Readers

The continuous integration of cutting-edge technologies in various fields such as culture and education is leading institutions towards a radical digital evolution. This work studies how one of the key actors of these domains, i.e., libraries, could exploit the digital transformation to reaffirm their position as primary cultural institutions in today’s society. Indeed, there is consensus that, among technologies that could be used to modernize libraries and help them to reach a wider audience, there are Artificial Intelligence (AI) and immersive media like Virtual Reality (VR). In particular, VR has been used to create social platforms that users can join from remote, experiencing virtual environments (VEs) where they can share opinions and perform activities together, thus creating a digital community. In this context, MetaLibrary was created, an immersive VE designed to let readers socialize, attend events with authors, and receive suggestions about books to read from an AI-based recommender system. Deployment is in progress in the city of Turin, Italy.
Integrating Fragmented Historical Sites VR Based on Time-Space Clues for Modern History Education

In recent years, VR technology has become a focus in education. Based on constructivist learning theory, gamification learning, and cognitive load theory, the researcher integrates the fragmented VR resources of modern historical relics based on the spatial and temporal relationship of historical events and restores a historical event’s spatial and temporal picture through the narrative design in time and space. The VR resources are integrated with historical events’ temporal and spatial relationships. The researcher brings an immersive experience to modern history education and provides a new way of thinking for constructing modern history education resources based on new media.
Fuzzy Logic Visual Network (FLVN): A Neuro-Symbolic Approach for Visual Features Matching

Neuro-symbolic integration aims at harnessing the power of symbolic knowledge representation combined with the learning capabilities of deep neural networks. In particular, Logic Tensor Networks (LTNs) allow to incorporate background knowledge in the form of logical axioms by grounding a first order logic language as differentiable operations between real tensors. Yet, few studies have investigated the potential benefits of this approach to improve zero-shot learning (ZSL) classification. In this study, we present the Fuzzy Logic Visual Network (FLVN) that formulates the task of learning a visual-semantic embedding space within a neuro-symbolic LTN framework. FLVN incorporates prior knowledge in the form of class hierarchies (classes and macro-classes) along with robust high-level inductive biases. The latter allow, for instance, to handle exceptions in class-level attributes, and to enforce similarity between images of the same class, preventing premature overfitting to seen classes and improving overall performance. FLVN reaches state of the art performance on the Generalized ZSL (GZSL) benchmarks AWA2 and CUB, improving by 1.3% and 3%, respectively. Overall, it achieves competitive performance to recent ZSL methods with less computational overhead. FLVN is available at https://gitlab.com/grains2/flvn .
Towards Explainable Navigation and Recounting

Explainability and interpretability of deep neural networks have become of crucial importance over the years in Computer Vision, concurrently with the need to understand increasingly complex models. This necessity has fostered research on approaches that facilitate human comprehension of neural methods. In this work, we propose an explainable setting for visual navigation, in which an autonomous agent needs to explore an unseen indoor environment while portraying and explaining interesting scenes with natural language descriptions. We combine recent advances in ongoing research fields, employing an explainability method on images generated through agent-environment interaction. Our approach uses explainable maps to visualize model predictions and highlight the correlation between the observed entities and the generated words, to focus on prominent objects encountered during the environment exploration. The experimental section demonstrates that our approach can identify the regions of the images that the agent concentrates on to describe its point of view, improving explainability.
Motivating Students in Learning English Using Icebreaking

This qualitative study explored to what extent ice breaking motivates students to learn English at one of the Islamic states junior high school in Southeast Sulawesi. This study employs two methods: a questionnaire and reflective writing. This study used two instruments: questionnaire and reflection. Students were handed questionnaires twice, at the beginning of the meeting before implementing Icebreaking and at the end of the meeting after implementing Icebreaking, in order to observe improvements and significantly increase student motivation. At the end of the meeting, in addition to providing in-depth information, the researcher provided reflection so that students may describe more precisely what they felt and gained during the Icebreaking application. This study revealed two aspects: motivation and Attraction. Aspects pertaining to motivation indicate that Icebreaking motivates students to study English. While the intriguing feature exposed by Icebreaking helps students avoid boredom during the teaching and learning process and increases their enjoyment of class activities. In addition, a number of students reported that English became their favorite subject.Keyword: Icebreaking, learning English, Students’ Motivation
The Engagement of EFL Learners in Speaking Class Using WhatsApp

This study was conducted under qualitative design. It aimed to unveil the use of WhatsApp in engaging EFL learner in speaking class. This mode of learning did not intend to replace the face to face speaking class meeting which was done once a week. This research was used as input for the teachers to engage more students to use English after speaking class. The subjects of this study were 9 students of speaking 4 class. To obtain the data, this study used the printed WhatsApp communication and written open ended questions. This study revealed two findings: firstly, WhatsApp has helped students to speak English as indicated as follows: WhatsApp improved students’ vocabulary; feedback made in WhatsApp help students learn what is correct and incorrect; WhatsApp engaged the students with global issues which help students develop their ideas when addressing their conversation; WhatsApp could improve other language skills, such as grammar, writing, reading, and vocabulary; WhatsApp improved students’ confidence in speaking class. Secondly, the challenges faced by the students to participate actively in WhatsApp group of speaking class are: unmanaged time, assignments, and irrelevant comments. This study found that students did not really consider financial, grouping them with students who have similar interest, and use of other social media as the barrier for them to participate actively in WhatsApp group of speaking class
Ecological education in Literature lessons at university

Literature as an academic subject is characterized by rather wide possibilities of forming the right attitude to ecological issues. The purpose of the paper is to examine the ways of developing ecological culture in Literature lessons at university in the framework of online course “Ecological issues in Russian Literature”. The following tasks are set: to select the authors who actively develop environmental issues in their works, to introduce terminological vocabulary, to expand the range of ideas and create interdisciplinary research projects aimed at improving the environmental situation on the planet. The methodology of the study was based on a set of methods such as a research method, the comparative typological method, and the heuristic method. The course presents the nature in the following forms for the students to understand: a revengeful God (I. Bunin), a human-being himself (V. Astafyev’s, V. Rasputin), spiritual values (A. Solzhenitsyn), mythological creature (Ch. Aitmatov), the wildlife (V. Soloukhin, Y. Yevtushenko), freedom (Y. Yevtushenko). The description of real natural catastrophes presented by the authors (V. Rasputin, V. Astafyev, Ch. Aitmatov) plants the idea in the students’ minds that it is not allowed to destruct of nature for the sake of rapid scientific and technological progress.
Phase Uncertainty Model for Realistic Quantum Multiphase Estimation

We theoretically investigate quantum multi-phase estimation based on integrated quantum photonics. We design a quantum optical circuit, simulate the phase estimation protocol, and develop a generalized model to predict phase variance.
Reexamining models of early learning in the digital age: Applications for learning in the wild.

Young children are growing up in an increasingly complicated digital world. Laboratory-based research shows it is cognitively demanding to process and transfer information presented on screens during early childhood. Multiple explanations for this cognitive challenge have been proposed. This review provides an updated comprehensive framework that integrates prior theoretical explanations to develop new testable hypotheses. The review also considers the how the research can be generalized to the "wild" where children engage with multiple commercial products daily. It includes real-world applications for improving children's learning and memory from screen-based media by adding supportive cues and reducing distraction and interference. The review concludes with a call for future collaborative research between researchers, content developers, and families to better understand age-related changes in both short-term and long-term learning from digital media. Finally, policy makers need to be involved to ensure equitable access and to create a safe digital space for all families.
The analysis of the possibilities of using a virtual reality system in fitness training

Virtual reality is an amazing tool in the field of interaction, simulation, and entertainment between humans and computers. This technology is often used for recreational purposes in combination with physical activities. The main objective of this study was to compare intermittent training with continuous training on the shooting range. The first part of the article presents the essence of virtual reality and the possibilities that arise from its use. Then the created virtual environment, in which the shooter is located, and the way the study has been carried out are presented. The attempts of the participants were shown and evaluated. The realistic physics of movement and environment interactions have been designed into this map. The main aspects of the modelled and programmed shooting range were presented and their use has been described. The following section describes the research process and the analysis of the results of the test carried out on eight participants who had not previously been exposed to virtual reality. The test subjects were divided into two groups, one intermittent training and the other continuous training. The results of these groups were compared to assess which forms of training in a virtual reality environment were more beneficial.
Challenges of Digitalization of Small Credit Point Courses for Large Classes

The paper is devoted to the development of digital competences of second year bachelor students at the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology of the Riga Technical University for the course in numerical methods. The structure of the course is described in detail. The key component in the organization of the lectures and lab sessions is interactivity. Many interactive components (presentations, tests) in H5P format are available for students. The digital proficiency Levels 7 and 8 in accordance with DigComp 2.1 framework is expected to be achieved by carefully selecting topics and practical tasks to be solved during the course. The e-book written for the course and published by the Publishing house of the Riga Technical University is one of the teaching resources available to students. The course is fully digitalized so that it can be given in any of the three formats: (a) classroom and lab instruction, (b) fully online course or (c) mixed mode (blended learning). The preference is given to option (c). Both synchronous and asynchronous teaching methods are used. The organization of tests and exams (in the form of online tests) allows instructors to organize the grading effectively without spending too much time on it but at the same time effectively testing students’ knowledge.
Scalable photonic integrated circuits for high-fidelity light control

Advances in laser technology have driven discoveries in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics and emerging applications, from quantum computers with cold atoms or ions, to quantum networks with solid-state color centers. This progress is motivating the development of a new generation of optical control systems that can manipulate the light field with high fidelity at wavelengths relevant for AMO applications. These systems are characterized by criteria: (C1) operation at a design wavelength of choice in the visible (VIS) or near-infrared (IR) spectrum, (C2) a scalable platform that can support large channel counts, (C3) high-intensity modulation extinction and (C4) repeatability compatible with low gate errors, and (C5) fast switching times. Here, we provide a pathway to address these challenges by introducing an atom control architecture based on VIS-IR photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology. Based on a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor fabrication process, this atom-control PIC (APIC) technology can meet system requirements (C1)–(C5). As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a 16-channel silicon-nitride-based APIC with (5.8±0.4)ns response times and &gt;30dB extinction ratio at a wavelength of 780 nm.