Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF DISTANCE LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE CONVENTION OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Today, the system of higher education around the world continues to take measures to effectively organize educational activities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. All METHODS OF TEACHING AT HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS Issue I (81), 2021 131 countries of the world had to face unexpected difficulties in connection with the introduction of self-isolation. The higher education system was "on the front lines" with a large number of people. The closure of higher education institutions and the emergency transition to distance learning have led to obvious problems, mainly due to insufficient technical equipment, lack or poor preparation of both teachers and students to work in the new environment. These and other problems pose another challenge to the higher education system in a critical situation. At the same time, along with the obvious challenges and problems, the new format of distance learning provides a wide range of opportunities and prospects for change and improvement of educational systems, for which the critical situation creates forced conditions. The article substantiates the importance of effective distance learning in higher education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and outlines the main problems of the individual in the relationship "teacher-student" in quarantine. The current stage of informatization of society cannot be imagined without the introduction of information and communication technologies in all parts of the education system, educational institutions and government. These technologies are especially relevant in quarantine, as they allow you to implement distance learning. It is also important that distance education expands and renews the role of the teacher, makes him a mentor-consultant who should coordinate the cognitive process, constantly improve the courses he teaches, and increase creativity and skills in accordance with innovations and innovations. During distance education, there is also a positive impact on higher education: increasing their creative and intellectual potential through self-organization, the desire for knowledge, the use of modern information and telecommunications technologies, the ability to make responsible decisions. The analysis of the research devoted to distance educational process, has allowed to reveal its other basic features, in particular: orientation on independent cognitive activity; significant potential opportunities for distance learning to intensify educational and cognitive activities; the possibility of organizing open learning, expanding the audience of consumers of educational services; integration of world educational services; reduction, under certain conditions, of material costs for the organization and implementation of the learning process.
Addition Machines, Automatic Functions and Open Problems of Floyd and Knuth

Floyd and Knuth investigated in 1990 register machines which can add, subtract and compare integers as primitive operations. They asked whether their current bound on the number of registers for multiplying and dividing fast (running in time linear in the size of the input) can be improved and whether one can output fast the powers of two summing up to a positive integer in subquadratic time. Both questions are answered positively. Furthermore, it is shown that every function computed by only one register is automatic and that automatic functions with one input can be computed with four registers in linear time; automatic functions with a larger number of inputs can be computed with 5 registers in linear time. There is a nonautomatic function with one input which can be computed with two registers in linear time.
Baleen: Robust Multi-Hop Reasoning at Scale via Condensed Retrieval

Multi-hop reasoning (i.e., reasoning across two or more documents) is a key ingredient for NLP models that leverage large corpora to exhibit broad knowledge. To retrieve evidence passages, multi-hop models must contend with a fast-growing search space across the hops, represent complex queries that combine multiple information needs, and resolve ambiguity about the best order in which to hop between training passages. We tackle these problems via Baleen, a system that improves the accuracy and robustness of multi-hop retrieval. To tame the search space, we propose condensed retrieval, a pipeline that summarizes the retrieved passages after each hop into a single compact context. To model complex queries, we introduce a focused late interaction retriever that allows different parts of the same query representation to match disparate relevant passages. Lastly, to infer the hopping dependencies among unordered training passages, we devise latent hop ordering, a weak-supervision strategy in which the trained retriever itself selects the sequence of hops. We evaluate Baleen on retrieval for two-hop question answering and many-hop claim verification, establishing state-of-the-art performance.
Factors Affecting Career Preparation Behaviors among College Students

This study identifies thefactors affecting college students' career preparation behavior, and prepares the basic data for interventions and strategies that can improve career preparation behavior through college students' grit, social support, and school support.The data collection for this study was for 184 college students living in C and G-province. The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS WIN/25.0. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA test results were analyzed, and Scheffe's test was performed. The correlation between each variable was analyzed using Pearson's Correlation.The factors that affected career preparation behavior were analyzed with multiple regression.We have shown that there was a positive correlation between grit, social support, school support, and career preparation behaviors in this study. The most influential factors that affect career preparation behaviors were school support, grit, and department adaptation ‘Adapting well’ in order. The explanation ability was 45.9%.In order to improve career preparation behavior, it is necessary to provide practical college support to have the college students experience the job world directly or indirectly, rather than simply presenting career information. Therefore, in order to promote career preparation behaviors among college students, it is necessary to provide social support in school environments, and it is also helpful to enhance the grit.
Joint inference and input optimization in equilibrium networks

Many tasks in deep learning involve optimizing over the \emph{inputs} to a network to minimize or maximize some objective; examples include optimization over latent spaces in a generative model to match a target image, or adversarially perturbing an input to worsen classifier performance. Performing such optimization, however, is traditionally quite costly, as it involves a complete forward and backward pass through the network for each gradient step. In a separate line of work, a recent thread of research has developed the deep equilibrium (DEQ) model, a class of models that foregoes traditional network depth and instead computes the output of a network by finding the fixed point of a single nonlinear layer. In this paper, we show that there is a natural synergy between these two settings. Although, naively using DEQs for these optimization problems is expensive (owing to the time needed to compute a fixed point for each gradient step), we can leverage the fact that gradient-based optimization can \emph{itself} be cast as a fixed point iteration to substantially improve the overall speed. That is, we \emph{simultaneously} both solve for the DEQ fixed point \emph{and} optimize over network inputs, all within a single ``augmented'' DEQ model that jointly encodes both the original network and the optimization process. Indeed, the procedure is fast enough that it allows us to efficiently \emph{train} DEQ models for tasks traditionally relying on an ``inner'' optimization loop. We demonstrate this strategy on various tasks such as training generative models while optimizing over latent codes, training models for inverse problems like denoising and inpainting, adversarial training and gradient based meta-learning.
Metode Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Informasi Dalam Pengembangan Komputerisasi

The development of the times can not be separated from the name Information Technology. Information Technology is very important for us, especially for the Company and for students who now have to master the information technology. Being equipped with expertise in the field of information technology will certainly help students in the future both in terms of learning at their school and in the world of work later if they after graduating from school will apply for jobs at the company. The role of computers in various fields cannot be avoided anymore. Especially in the world of education, the use of computers should be a very crucial thing. Basically, the utilization does not always require things that are very technical, but must be right on target. As well as the use of information technology in learning methods.
Representação lógica do conhecimento para ontologias: Um guia para formalização de definições em linguagem natural para lógica descritiva

Ontologies are artifacts used by Information Science professionals, to represent knowledge in digital platforms. Those artifacts are shining due to its representation features like entity relationships and using descriptive logic to be machine-readable. However, there are few ontologies made by Information Science professionals that use descriptive logic. To address this context, the present paper has as objective, familiarize the Information Science professionals with logic. To achieve this, the concepts of descriptive logic is presented to the reader and how it is linked with knowledge representation models to validate models and to reason new knowledge. The contributions of this paper is to provide a model to formalize natural language in logic and provide ten guidelines of how to incorporate logic in ontologies. Lastly, this paper suggests as future work to embody those guidelines into an ontology methodology as the best way to consolidate the use of logic within the applied ontology context.
Pemanfaatan Cerita Pendek Sebagai Media Pendidikan Karakter Siswa

In the world of education, there are cognitive aspects and affective aspects, both of which are important aspects to achieve learning objectives. The affective aspect needs attention because it is related to the formation of student character. Various negative phenomena that have been carried out or experienced by students lately have made it clear that character education is increasingly important for students. Character education activities can be applied in almost all subjects, especially the Indonesian language subject. Various literary subjects can be used by teachers to transform noble character values to students. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method of literature review research. From the research, it can be concluded that literature is very effectively used in character building in students. One of the literary works that have been included in the Indonesian language subject education curriculum is a short story. Using short story media, teachers can transform the character values contained in short stories to students, which are then expected to be applied to everyday life.
Is “moby dick” a Whale or a Bird? Named Entities and Terminology in Speech Translation

Automatic translation systems are known to struggle with rare words. Among these, named entities (NEs) and domain-specific terms are crucial, since errors in their translation can lead to severe meaning distortions. Despite their importance, previous speech translation (ST) studies have neglected them, also due to the dearth of publicly available resources tailored to their specific evaluation. To fill this gap, we i) present the first systematic analysis of the behavior of state-of-the-art ST systems in translating NEs and terminology, and ii) release NEuRoparl-ST, a novel benchmark built from European Parliament speeches annotated with NEs and terminology. Our experiments on the three language directions covered by our benchmark (en→es/fr/it) show that ST systems correctly translate 75–80% of terms and 65–70% of NEs, with very low performance (37–40%) on person names.
Web data mining1

Digital spaces change the way social interaction takes place. Communication now often takes place on social media, blogs, and websites. Access to textual data that reflect how people communicate, and about what subjects they communicate, is then gained only by computational means. The chapter gives a summary of how to gain this access using web data mining. In doing so, it outlines how modern dynamic web pages are built to facilitate understanding of why and how this method of data mining works. An example web page is used for tutorial reasons, using the R package and further software as tools for web scraping. The chapter is targeted at transferring orientation knowledge and know-how regarding how written content is automatically extractable from a web resource. This is accompanied by a discussion of related issues. In this regard, the chapter discusses the legal status of web scraping, threats to the validity of related inferences, and the challenge of transforming unstructured “found” data to a structure that enables text analytics.
Penerapan Algoritma Golomb Coding Pada Aplikasi Kompresi Short Message Service (SMS)

The use of this android-based mobile phone is very easy to convey a message to the intended person. Like being able to send messages via WA, Telegram, Instagram and other applications. So in this way humans are faster in sending a message. Although it is not widely used, there are still people who send messages via SMS, and not everyone also has a mobile phone with an Android operating system. The problem in using this sms is that the more text that is sent, it will cost a lot, if it exceeds 160 characters, the content of the message will be sent into two sms. This problem can be solved by abbreviating the message sent, but another problem arises, namely a misunderstanding in reading the contents of the message because many do not understand the abbreviated message
Gestural Interfaces to Support the Sketching Activities of Designers

Abstract The several loops characterizing the design process used to slow down the development of new projects. Since the 70s, the design process has changed due to the new technologies and tools related to Computer-Aided Design software and Virtual Reality applications that make almost the whole process digital. However, the concept phase of the design process is still based on traditional approaches, while digital tools are poor exploited. In this phase, designers need tools that allow them to rapidly save and freeze their ideas, such as sketching on paper, which is not integrated in the digital-based process. The paper presents a new gestural interface to give designers more support by introducing an effective device for 3D modelling to improve and speed up the conceptual design process. We designed a set of gestures to allow people from different background to 3D model their ideas in a natural way. A testing session with 17 participants allowed us to verify if the proposed interaction was intuitive or not. At the end of the tests, all participants succeeded in the 3D modelling of a simple shape (a column) by only using air gestures in a relatively short amount of time exactly how they expected it to be built, confirming the proposed interaction.
Special Issue: 2021 Research Data Access and Preservation Summit

The Journal of eScience Librarianship has partnered with the Research Data Access and Preservation (RDAP) Association for a fourth year to publish selected conference proceedings. The fully-virtual 2021 Research Data Access and Preservation (RDAP) Summit focused on the theme of Radical Change and Data. This editorial introduces the 2021 RDAP Special Issue of the Journal of eScience Librarianship.
Features of practical pedagogical training future teachers of foreign languages in western europe

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The article deals with the analysis of the experience of organizing the pedagogical practice of future teachers in Germany and Great Britain. An analytical review of existing documents, which sets out the basic principles of training future teachers in Germany and the United Kingdom. The position of teacher training standards has been studied. The professional competencies of the teachers which are presented in the current standards are described. The peculiarities of the organization of pedagogical practice of future teachers in general and foreign language teachers in particular, in the modern universities of Germany and Great Britain are determined. The types of pedagogical practices introduced in various universities of Germany and Great Britain are characterized. The content and volume of practical training in universities are presented in detail, its goals are specified. Possible ways of implementation the experience of European countries on this issue in higher education in Ukraine have been identified.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
Analisis Iplementasi Aplikasi Juz Amma Berbasis Android menggunakan Adobe Flash Proffesional CS6: Analisis Iplementasi Aplikasi Juz Amma Berbasis Android menggunakan Adobe Flash Proffesional CS6

Juz Amma is a collection of surahs that exist in the 30th juz in the Koran and is the juz with the highest number of surahs, 37 surahs, but the surah is relatively short. This Juz begins with Sura An 'Naba' and ends with Sura Al Ikhlas, and almost all suras in this juz are classified as Makkiyah (Suras which were revealed before the Prophet moved), as many as 34 suras and the remaining 3 suras namely Al Bayyinah, Al Zalzalah and Surah Surah AN Nashr belongs to the Surah Madaniah (M. Isya Krisnaldi et al, 2018). Education about surahs in juz amma is usually taught using conventional methods such as in schools with the guidance of teachers and at home with the guidance of parents. However, the education delivered by teachers to children in schools, especially in the Nur Baiti Qur'an TPA school as a place of research for writers, is not fully accepted and understood by children at school. Most teachers only use the juz amma book and explain it directly as a guide and explain briefly. So that children feel bored in the learning process with the education delivered by their teacher and cause a lack of enthusiasm in learning and memorizing surahs in juz amma for children. Lack of enthusiasm for learning interest for children is certainly a problem for parents at home, and to increase children's enthusiasm for learning. One of the most popular operating systems today is Android, Android as a linux-based operating system that can be used on various mobile devices / gadgets. Until now android is able to develop more rapidly than its competitors in terms of systems and applications. Therefore, many applications are created based on Android. As will be discussed in this research, the Android-based Juz Amma Application.
Towards Open-World Feature Extrapolation: An Inductive Graph Learning Approach

We target open-world feature extrapolation problem where the feature space of input data goes through expansion and a model trained on partially observed features needs to handle new features in test data without further retraining. The problem is of much significance for dealing with features incrementally collected from different fields. To this end, we propose a new learning paradigm with graph representation and learning. Our framework contains two modules: 1) a backbone network (e.g., feedforward neural nets) as a lower model takes features as input and outputs predicted labels; 2) a graph neural network as an upper model learns to extrapolate embeddings for new features via message passing over a feature-data graph built from observed data. Based on our framework, we design two training strategies, a self-supervised approach and an inductive learning approach, to endow the model with extrapolation ability and alleviate feature-level over-fitting. We also provide theoretical analysis on the generalization error on test data with new features, which dissects the impact of training features and algorithms on generalization performance. Our experiments over several classification datasets and large-scale advertisement click prediction datasets demonstrate that our model can produce effective embeddings for unseen features and significantly outperforms baseline methods that adopt KNN and local aggregation.
High-dynamic imaging system for real-time detection of illuminance by vehicle head lamps

In this paper, we propose an imaging system for quick detection of high-dynamic illumination with a high-contrast cutoff line. A digital camera is used to capture the image of the light pattern from a vehicle headlamp. After having image processing and calibration, we can accurately obtain the illuminance of the measurement plane while different exposure times are used to increase the dynamic range of the system measurement. Two representative regulations are mainly discussed, one is K-mark and the other is ECE R113 Class B. Results show that the measurement errors of our imaging system are within ±5% when the values are more than 2 lx, and have a difference of 0.1 lx when the values are less than 2 lx.
The Effectiveness of Intermediate-Task Training for Code-Switched Natural Language Understanding

While recent benchmarks have spurred a lot of new work on improving the generalization of pretrained multilingual language models on multilingual tasks, techniques to improve code-switched natural language understanding tasks have been far less explored. In this work, we propose the use of bilingual intermediate pretraining as a reliable technique to derive large and consistent performance gains using code-switched text on three different NLP tasks: Natural Language Inference (NLI), Question Answering (QA) and Sentiment Analysis (SA). We show consistent performance gains on four different code-switched language-pairs (Hindi-English, Spanish-English, Tamil-English and Malayalam-English) for SA and on Hindi-English for NLI and QA. We also present a code-switched masked language modeling (MLM) pretraining technique that consistently benefits SA compared to standard MLM pretraining using real code-switched text.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Modul Scrapbook Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu

The purpose of this study was to describe the description of distance learning activities, to know the design of scrapbook module teaching materials in integrated thematic learning and to know the expert validation of scrapbook module teaching materials in integrated thematic learning. This research was conducted because of the lack of creative and fun learning. The instruments used are interview guidelines, field notes format, validation sheets, lesson plans. Initial data collection techniques used interviews, observations and field notes. The research method used is descriptive research method, Model Design and Development or research and development with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the validation of the development of scrapbook module teaching materials by material experts, media experts and users showed that scrapbook module teaching materials in integrated thematic learning were categorized as very feasible to use based on the conversion of assessment criteria.