Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Investor Sentiment and Efficiency of the Cryptocurrency Market: The Case of the Crypto Fear &amp; Greed Index

This paper aims to simulate cryptocurrency investment strategies using the Crypto Fear & Greed Index and verify whether they outperform passive buy-and-hold investment. Consequently, the study assesses the efficiency of the cryptocurrency market, since no investment strategy generates higher returns than the passive one in an efficient market. The Crypto Fear & Greed Index measures market sentiment using several factors, including price volatility, market volume and momentum, posts on social media, Google Trends data, and Bitcoin’s dominance of the market. The performance assessment is based on two measures: the Sharpe ratio and the mean return. The research concentrates on the 20 largest non-stable cryptocurrencies and uses daily time series for the period starting on 1 February 2018 and ending on 31 December 2021. The findings of the heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation robust testing procedure have both practical and theoretical implications. They indicate that contrarian strategies based on the Crypto Fear & Greed Index may generate significantly better results than the passive investment in the cryptocurrency market. This, in turn, indicates that generally, the cryptocurrency market is still inefficient. Nevertheless, the results show that cryptocurrencies should not be treated as a set of homogeneous coins, as the performance of strategies can vary from one to another.
The Impact of Institutional Framework On Entrepreneurship in OECD Members Countries

Achieving high-quality institutional framework is one of the basic assumptions for achieving a higher degree of welfare state. In addition to the existence of the “game rules” in the market that is equally valuable to all economic agents, it is also a condition without which a higher degree of entrepreneurial activity in the economy cannot be achieved. The aim of this research is to examine which determinants of the institutional framework are crucial for increasing entrepreneurial activity in 24 OECD member countries in the period 2010–2018. The results of Hausman test indicate that a panel with fixed effects is a suitable method for this research. The results of the investigation suggest that Political Rights, Civil Liberties, Freedom of Expression and Belief, Functioning of Government and Rule of Law are important determinants of entrepreneurial activity in observed countries. Furthermore, policies aimed at increasing media freedom and freedom of expressing personal views increase the New business density in OECD member countries. Moreover, when making certain institutional changes, policy makers should be aware of the time gap between the moment of making a decision and its reflection in the economy. Introduction of certain institutional decision may have completely different repercussions in the economy after some period of time. Consequently, particular institutional decisions may require some changes in a longer period after their adoption.
Network user behavior and media risks in modern education

The article is devoted to the changing role of the media sphere in modern education. The authors consider the change like obtaining knowledge, the growing influence of the media in obtaining education, and the risks associated with the media. Despite the psychological and communicative risks in the field of media consumption, the authors prove the impossibility of rejecting the media in modern life. Demonstrating the possibility of self-education through the media, and listing the features of modern network behavior, the authors conclude the need for interaction between online and offline education. The article aims to determine the influence of media on the life of a modern person, consider possible risks, and analyze behavior during online education. The use of general scientific, philosophical, and socio-pedagogical methods has made it possible to study media risks and media, focused on the search for the value foundations of intellectual and social activity.
Environmental engineering students’ motivation through foreign language learning in the context of digital teaching realization (on the example of Moodle virtual environment)

The article analyzes the ways digital teaching implementation during the process of foreign language learning by future environmental engineers. The relevance of the work is the need of society for highly qualified specialists with foreign language communication skills. The theoretical significance of the study is in the fact that ways of digital teaching implementation are considered. The practical significance of given paper is in the development of electronic educational and methodological complexes for various levels on the Moodle platform education during the process of foreign language learning, which allow to stimulate the desire for students’ motivation to success, effectively organize independent activities and enhance students’ cognitive activity. “Motivation of success and fear of failure (questionnaire of A. A. Rean)” was applied in the empirical study. The results showed that learning in virtual reality leads to increased motivation and involvement of students in the learning process. It is concluded that the competent organization of independent work in a virtual educational environment and the use of modern tools improve the quality of future environmental engineers’ professional training.
On one algorithm of generating nonlinear regression models and its computer realization

The tasks of statistical processing of experimental data arise in different areas of human activity. In this regard, the development of algorithms and corresponding computer programs that allow such processing and satisfy certain conditions is an important task. The present work is carried out within the framework of the aforementioned field of research; an algorithm for generating a series of nonlinear regression models of a special type is proposed, and a brief description of the corresponding computer program is given. The proposed algorithm is iterative in nature: each subsequent model is built on the basis of the previous one according to some rule. This process begins with the construction of the simplest, linear model. For all the models obtained, a number of their statistical characteristics are calculated. The corresponding computer program is written in Java. The process of building models is managed by a some way by the user working with this program. In addition, in the paper a number of illustrative examples of constructing regression models using the developed program is given. The analysis of the obtained results is fulfilled, showing the advantages of the proposed methodology in comparison with the methodology of standard linear regression. The proposed procedure, in fact, allows us to pass from some initial linear regression model obtained at the first step of research to another model of better quality, without changing the initial set of empirical data. The presence of many final models makes it possible to select the best variants from them.
Final qualification work of a future engineer: Innovations and traditions

The article is devoted to the analysis of innovative and traditional approaches to engineering education and final qualification work. There is an increased interest in the training of engineering personnel with a high level of professional competencies and ready to perform tasks of a new technological level, not only in the Russian Federation (RF), but throughout the world. The article describes the innovative activities of the Don State Technical University (DSTU). The article presents the types of final qualifying works in accordance with the levels of higher professional education in the Russian Federation, analyzes the structure of the work, language material, style features, draws attention to the difficulties that arise in the process of writing it. The authors pay special attention to the consideration of approaches to solving the problems of professional development engineering students. It is noted that various aspects of the professional environment and real production processes, reflected in the final qualifying work, will allow future engineers to apply the theoretical knowledge gained in practice and solve problems that arise in their professional activities.
Development of an intelligent decision-making system to support scientific and industrial formations VPN connections

The development of information systems to ensure the safe coordination of information flows in scientific and industrial clusters makes it possible to automate a number of tasks aimed at increasing the cooperative interaction productivity. The use of existing traffic encapsulation solutions or the new client-server algorithms development for network interaction affects the decision-making component for managing the TCP/IP structure, authorization of subjects, and support for correct load distribution. At the moment, most VPN servers do not have the specified functionality, which does not allow integrating solutions into existing scientific and industrial clusters. As the main solution, a flexible decision support system is proposed that takes into account all aspects of the virtual tunnel software component. The proposed solution is based on the use of complex methods for assessing the software modules state to make decisions on changing the operation of functional modules. The development result of the proposed system and the conducted functional testing made it possible to automate the operation of VPN tunnels when working with a complex network interaction structure.
Predicting and Shaping or How to Close the Future

Behavioral design of so called »persuasive computer technologies« is the result of a merger between psychology, economics, and computer engineering. The article discusses its genealogy from the strategic response of military, governmental, and academic players to the general problem that the behavior of complex systems such as humans, societies, or markets is difficult to predict, and that controlling these complex systems means shaping them by designing their technological and social environments.
Ontology and Ontography in Digital Imaging

Ontography is intended to represent the epistemological counterpart to the ancestral ontology as well as the genuine functioning of certain media technologies. Using the media technology of digital imaging and processing as an example, the paper discusses the problem of a simple distinction between ontological and ontographic procedures
Influence of URL Formatting on Users' Phishing URL Detection

Despite technical advances in anti-phishing protection, in many cases the detection of phishing URLs largely depends on users manually inspecting the links found in suspicious emails. One solution proposed to support users in doing so is to use a URL formatting that focuses their attention on critical URL parts, such as domain and top-level-domain (called “who-area”). While this solution has been implemented in several software products (e.g., browsers web address bar), research on its effectiveness with regard to phishing URL detection is currently limited. To investigate the extent to which different kinds of URL formatting support users to detect phishing URLs, we conducted an online study (n = 200) using interactive email screenshots with tooltips showing two previously evaluated URL formatting (called “Who-Area Highlighting” and “Who-Area Only”). A group with unmodified URLs (called “Plain URL”) acted as control. We did not find any significant difference between the URL formatting within our sample, with successful phishing URL detection rates ranging from 71% (for the unmodified URL) to 76% (for showing only the URL who-area). As we designed a study with a “best-case" scenario to detect a medium effect size (Cohen’s r = .30), it is then likely that the URL formatting effect on phishing URL detection would be even smaller in the real world. Still, we found that other factors had a significant effect on users’ phishing URL detection, namely, gender-related factors and forcing users’ attention on the URL for 4-5 seconds. However, these results are only preliminary and need further investigation.
Native, addict, innovator: young teachers' digital competence in the post-COVID-19 instructional era

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to posing challenges, has also created opportunities for greater digital integration than ever. However, the scale and efficacy of digital integration are contingent on the digital competence (DC) of teachers. In the same way, how well teachers learn and teach online may depend on how willing they are to try new ways of digitizing learning or being innovative. This study aimed to ascertain if teachers' digital nativeness, digital addiction and innovative work behavior had an impact on their DC. Design/methodology/approach The study used a quantitative research method, whereby data were collected from 276 schools, colleges and university teachers. The researchers employed structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS to analyze the data. Findings The results illuminate the literature regarding DC and the predictive capability of teachers' digital nativeness, digital addiction and innovative work behavior, which can contribute to paving the way for digitizing teaching and learning in the post-COVID-19 era. Research limitations/implications The study has significant implications for meaningful learner engagement by explaining the importance of teachers' digital competencies and how they could be approached conceptually to better understand the factors associated with teachers' DC. The differences in DC between digital natives and digital emigrants remain one of the limitations that future research may address. Practical implications The results have policy level and practical implications for organizations to consider the value of young teachers in the integration of digital resources. It is also critical to encourage teachers' innovative behavior in the digitization of teaching by creating a supportive organizational environment. Originality/value The study remains valuable in the post-COVID-19 era, where educational institutes are revisiting the prospect of online learning as a parallel to in-person teaching. The results remain innovative and genuine and have not been explored in previous research, in particular in the post-COVID-19 era. The involvement of teachers from schools, colleges and universities makes the results more general, which all of them can equally benefit from.
Divergences in Blame Attribution after a Security Breach based on Compliance Behavior: Implications for Post-breach Risk Communication

“Attribution of self-blame” is a spontaneous affective and cognitive self-evaluative reaction and is an important predictor of proactive and positive coping response behavior after a negative event. While blame attribution can indeed affect the efficacy of post-breach communication and subsequent behavior in the cybersecurity context, it is not clear whether and how the process of blame attribution may vary in post-data breach contexts based on users’ past security compliance behavior, which can inform the design of post-breach risk communication. As such, to examine the process of blame attribution after a data breach, we run a 2 (user type) x 2 (account type) x 2 (usage scenario) between-group study on Amazon’s MTurk platform. The vignette-based study scenario incorporates multiple stakeholders who may share the responsibility for the data breach (e.g., the negligent user (Bob), the software company holding the data, and the attacker). From the analysis of 255 participant data, we discover that adopters are more likely to hold the protagonist of the story responsible due to his negligent behavior. In contrast, non-adopters are more likely to hold the external entity, such as the service provider, accountable for the account compromise, exhibiting “defensive attribution” of blame. Results further indicate that account types and usage scenarios affect how blame is distributed among different entities. The implications of our findings for effective pre and post-breach risk communication are discussed in the paper.
Vision: How to Provide Documentation to Non-skilled Developers for Appropriate Use of Cryptography: Action Research Study on Expert Monitoring

Studies on the usability of cryptographic APIs have pointed out the importance of the quality of API documentation, and such documentation should include tutorials and sample codes in addition to the API specifications. This study evaluates the usability of cryptographic API documentation as an action research study to see if the current documentation enables non-skilled users of cryptographic APIs to use the APIs. The language used for the evaluation was Java, and two cryptographic APIs, Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) and GNU Crypto, were evaluated. The results revealed differences in the richness of each document.
"Someone Definitely Used 0000": Strategies

We examine the risk to lost, stolen, or unattended smartphones due to attempts to guess the device’s unlock PIN, the most widespread authentication scheme for smartphones. We find novice attacks by those lacking forensic tools or training to be common, with over one-third of survey participants (n = 210) admitting trying to unlock someone’s smartphone without their knowledge in the past year. We further find these novice attacks to be surprisingly effective against PINs, with participants guessing roughly the PIN of 1 in 8 strangers. Our study also produces the first attacking PIN dataset, to our knowledge, obtained from participants guessing PINs of other participants. We additionally investigate participants’ mental models for how and when PIN-guessing may be attempted, finding that most participants expect insiders (friends, family, partners) to be those most likely to attempt to access their smartphone, underestimating risks from strangers due to loss, theft or recycling of their devices.
Caring Not Scaring - An Evaluation of a Workshop to Train Apprentices as Security Champions

Security champions are regular employees who have deeper knowledge in information security and a direct connection with the security team. Through this connection, they can facilitate the diffusion of security knowledge to employees and back to the security team. We worked with a German organization with more than 20,000 employees that decided to create such a program, starting with a three day in-person workshop with n = 17 young apprentices to train them to become security champions. Internal and external speakers were invited, to pass on their security knowledge to the apprentices. We contributed to the workshop program with Serious LEGO, security mythbusting exercises, and Q&A sessions. However, our main goal was to evaluate the workshops’ impact on the participants. We gathered data through interviews, surveys and observation before, during and after the workshop. We found that the workshop did indeed influence the security behavior of young employees. However, the external security experts presented outdated or incorrect security knowledge, and recommended secure behaviours that contradicted company security policies. We identified incentives and motivations that participants brought to the role. In addition to tailoring security training content appropriately, we identify preparatory steps, and support that organizations need to put in place to support security champions who take on the role.
Security Champions Without Support: Results from a Case Study with OWASP SAMM in a Large-Scale E-Commerce Enterprise

Developer-centered security research has identified a variety of reasons why software developers do not follow recommended security practices: lack of knowledge, outdated information sources, time pressure, and low usability of security mechanisms and tools. Contextual factors play an important role in security, but few studies have investigated security interventions with developers in organizational settings. In this case study, we track the impact of appointing security champions in a large e-commerce company with five software development teams, using the OWASP Security Assurance Maturity Model (OWASP SAMM) to measure the extent to which security practices were adopted. We also elicited the experiences of the security champions and developers in each team in 15 qualitative interviews. The results of the OWASP SAMM assessment show the adoption of secure practices varied widely between the different teams. Results from the interviews revealed different levels of security knowledge and commitment to the role between the security champions - but they agree in their perceived lack of support from company security experts and management. We conclude that secure software development requires more than appointing individuals such as security champions - to transform software development practices requires an organization-wide commitment, including access to resources and support.
Phishing to improve detection

Phishing e-mail scams continue to threaten organisations around the world. With generative artificial intelligence, conventional phishing detection advice such as looking out for linguistic errors and bad layouts will become obsolete. New approaches to improve people’s ability to detect phishing are essential. We report on promising results from two experiments (total N = 183) that engaging people with an adversarial mindset improves their ability to detect phishing e-mails compared to those who received conventional or no training. Participants who completed conventional training were nearly three times as likely to fall for a simulated phishing attack compared to those who completed the adversarial training, in which they watched a fictitious cybercriminal explain how to devise a targeted phishing e-mail, and then wrote targeted phishing e-mails themselves. Although further research is needed to examine the training’s long-term efficacy with larger sample sizes, the present findings show an encouraging alternative to conventional phishing training approaches.
Vision: What the hack is going on? A first look at how website owners became aware that their website was hacked

Websites are an essential part of today’s business activities. Content Management Systems (CMS) are known for the fact that even laypersons can create good-looking websites with simple means and without huge costs. But if websites are not maintained regularly, they are prone to vulnerabilities. Such vulnerabilities can be abused, e.g., for third party redirects. Informing website owner about this type of attack is challenging. To gain more information about how website owners are informed about vulnerabilities on their websites, we invited 156 website owners to participate in an online survey. We asked those who had fixed the third party redirect before we could inform them, how they became aware of the attack. The participants could choose to answer the questionnaire via a link to an online platform, or to send their answers back to us via e-mail. Only 11 people answered our questionnaire, and only four people were already aware of the attack before our invitation e-mail. Based on these four answers, we assumed that we can confirm previous research with respect to the design of a vulnerability notification. Nevertheless, it would be interesting to see if – with a bigger sample – we can also confirm our findings that a) online surveys, even if they can only be accessed by clicking an unknown link, are preferred over responding via e-mail, b) the number of responses can be increased by sending out several reminder, and c) a sender attributed with higher authority increases the response rate. Furthermore, we suggest that future research on vulnerability notifications questions the use of the term trustworthiness, and examines whether recipients distinguish between credibility and trustworthiness of notifications when remediating attacks.