Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the Determinants of Distributing Policy Advisory ODA: Focusing on OECD DAC Member Countries

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze distribution factors of official development assistance (ODA) related to policy advice, focusing on the governance and e-government capabilities of the partner country.&#x0D; Originality: Policy Advisory ODA plays an important role in the sustainable development of partner countries by strengthening their capabilities to design and implement policies. This study would contribute to enhancing further researches on policy advisory ODA by redefining its scope and analyzing the determinants of its distribution based on the interrelationship between donors and recipients.&#x0D; Methodology: Using OECD CRS data, the scope of policy advisory ODA was defined with its purpose code and description. The dependent variable is the annual amount of policy advisory ODA provided by all OECD DAC members and five major donors(US, UK, Japan, France, and Germany) to recipient countries from 2011 to 2021. The independent variables are 'Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism' and 'Government Effectiveness', among sub-indicators of World Governance Index(WGI), and 'Online Services' and 'Telecommunication Infrastructure' among E-Government Development Index(EGDI). This study uses the panel random effects model.&#x0D; Result: 'Government Effectiveness' and 'Telecommunication Infrastructure' were significant for all DAC donors, and differences were also found among five major donors. However, policy advisory aid was provided considering the partner's basic needs for e-government rather than its effectiveness.&#x0D; Conclusion and Implication: Distributing policy advisory ODA without considering the level of the recipient's capacity will have negative impacts on the acceptance of knowledge-transfer, the diffusion into other fields, the achievement of aid purpose, and its long-term effectiveness.
Madrasah Teachers’ Self Efficacy on Constructing Literacy-Based Teaching Materials

One of the most important teaching tasks is designing teaching materials professionally and accordingly constructed to support the teaching and learning process effectively. Thus, teachers need to be aware of selecting the appropriate material and learning resources for their students. This awareness is called self-efficacy which can be described as a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation or task including teaching material preparation. Thus, this present research investigated the level of teachers’ self-efficacy in constructing a literacy-based teaching material. It employed mixed-method research, explanatory- sequential research. The respondents were 69 teachers of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah to Madrasah Aliyah in East Java. Surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions were used to collect data that was analyzed using SPSS 25. Further, the data was also described qualitatively based on the theme made. Then, the result shows the teachers’ self-efficacy in constructing literacy-based teaching material is on the intermediate level. Thus, implications and recommendations are given in this study.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Komik Berbasis Qr Code pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn Kelas III SD

This study aims to develop a comic learning media design based on Qr Code. Testing the validity and practicality of Qr Code based comic media in Class III PPKn lessons at SD N 1 Marga Sakti. This type of research is Research and Development with a 4-D (Four-D) development model. The subjects of this study were media experts, linguist, material expert, teachers, third grade students at SD N 1 Marga Sakti. Data collection techniques using interviews and questionnaires. Based on the results of the validity assessment conducted by the three experts, namely media experts who scored 0.76 with the classification "Quite high", linguists who scored 0.85 with the classification "High", and material experts who scored 0.84 with the classification “Tall”. These results shows that the Or Code-based comic learning media meets the valid criteria with an average score of 0.83. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of the practicality assessment sheet for teachers and students show that the Qr Code-based comic learning media meets the practical criteria with an average score of 92%. Based on the results from the validity and practicality trials, it can be concluded that Qr Code-based comic media meets the validity and practical criteria and can be used in learning activities&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: PPKn, Qr Code, Learning Media, Development, Comics
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Take and Give Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa

This research was conducted to determine the mastery of mathematics learning outcomes after the implementation of the Take and Give learning model . The type of research used is quasi-experimental. The population of grade IV at SD Negeri 52 Lubuklinggau for the 2022/2023 academic year is 28 students and the sample taken is 28 students. Sampling using saturated sampling technique. Retrieval of data using test techniques. The data collected after being analyzed using the Z -test at a significant level = 0.05 was obtained (6.70) (1.64), so it can be concluded that the mathematics learning outcomes of class IV students at SD Negeri 52 Lubuklinggau after the Take and Give model was applied significant complete.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keyword: Mathematics, Application of the Take and Give Model
Pengembangan Buku Saku IPA pada Materi Macam-Macam Gaya untuk Siswa Kelas IV SD

This study aims to develop and design a Science Pocket Book on Material of Various Styles for Grade IV Students at SD Negeri 8 Lubuklinggau which is valid, practical, and effective to be used in learning. This type of research is Research and Development with the ADDIE development model. Data collection techniques that the authors use are interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Based on the results of the assessment analysis obtained from linguists 0.81, material experts 0.92 who meet the high criteria or are valid while for media experts 0.71 meet the criteria high enough or are valid. Then the results of the practicality analysis of the one to one test students obtained a score of 95.82%, the small group test 93.73% and the teacher obtained 91.66% with a total of 93.73% which met very practical criteria. Furthermore, the results of the effectiveness analysis obtained an average pre-test result of 56.72 and a post-test of 76.20 which were analyzed using the N-Gain formula to obtain a value of 0.450 with a moderate classification. So it can be concluded that the Science Pocket Book on Material of Various Styles for Grade IV Students of SD Negeri 8 Lubuklinggau is valid, practical, and effective in the learning process.&#x0D; Keywords: Pocket Book, Science, Development
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Muatan IPA SD

This study aims to determine the development and level of validity and practicality of Science Content Student Worksheets according to expert lecturers and practitioners, as well as to train students in learning activities to improve mastery of the material. This type of research is Research and Development with methods 1) analysis phase, 2) design, 3) development, 4) implementation, and 5) evaluation. Descriptive analysis of data, namely the results of the development of Science Content Student Worksheets material for changes in the form of objects consists of a general framework that contains cover pages, prefaces, table of contents, book instructions, basic competencies, and a content framework containing learning 1, learning 2, learning 5 IPA practice. as well as the final framework containing a bibliography, and conclusions. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the quality of the Science Content Student Worksheets developed is included in the very good category so that it is suitable for use with a percentage of 0.83% from linguists, 0.70% from media experts, and 0.97% from material experts. Meanwhile, the teacher's response obtained a percentage of 90% and student responses obtained a percentage of 93.33% with a very good category.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Science, Student Worksheets
Penerapan Model Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dalam Pembelajaran IPS dI SD

This study aims to determine the completeness of the learning outcomes of fifth grade students of Negeri Al Ilmu Lubuklinggau after using the Jigsaw Type Cooperative learning model. The method used is a quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental research design in the one group pre-test and post-test group category. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling technique. Data collection techniques using multiple choice tests. Data analysis techniques consist of prerequisite analysis techniques and hypothesis testing. The analysis prerequisite testing technique uses the normality test while the hypothesis used is the one-sample z-test. The results showed that the pre-test average was 46,15 with a completeness percentage of 0% or no students passed while the post-test average was 84,15 with a completeness percentage of 88.40% or 23 students who passed. The results of the z-test analysis obtained zcount (6.64) ≥ ztable (1.64). The conclusion is that the application of the Jigsaw Cooperative Type model to the social studies learning outcomes of fifth grade students is significant..&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Application, Jigsaw Type Cooperative Model, Social Studies Learning Outcomes&#x0D;
Embracing Emerging Technologies in the New Normal: Libraries Staying Connected with Patrons During the Pandemic

The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generated health and social concerns for the world. Beyond the loss of lives, the pandemic had social effects like lockdowns and physical distancing, devastatingly affecting human lives. One area of the Ghanaian economy that was severely affected by the pandemic is the education sector, particularly institutions of higher learning. Academic activities in most institutes of higher learning thrive and revolve around the existence of dynamic academic libraries. To circumvent the social challenges of the pandemic, most academic libraries utilised collaborative technologies to stay connected to their users. The motivation of libraries for choosing collaborative technologies is yet to be scientifically investigated in the Ghanaian setting. Thus, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology II model, this study examined how libraries in Ghana relied on collaborative technologies to stay connected with users during the pandemic. In all, sixteen librarians were purposively selected from four libraries in the Volta Region of Ghana. Semi-structured interview guides with questions that sought to respond to the objectives of the study were used to glean data from the study participants. The data were thematically analysed. Few libraries stayed connected to their users. It was realised that Zoom, Moodle, WhatsApp, email, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, and Skype were the common collaborative tools used by libraries. Decisions regarding the acquisition of these tools came from non-librarians. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions were the librarians’ primary criteria for adopting these tools.
A Hybrid Algorithms Based on the Aizawa Attractor and Rabbit-Lightweight Cipher for Image Encryption

Social media and networks rely heavily on images. Those images should be distributed in a private manner. Image encryption is therefore one of the most crucial components of cyber security. In the present study, an effective image encryption technique is developed that combines the Rabbit Algorithm, a simple algorithm, with the Attractor of Aizawa, a chaotic map. The lightweight encryption algorithm (Rabbit Algorithm), which is a 3D dynamic system, is made more secure by the Attractor of Aizawa. The process separates color images into blocks by first dividing them into bands of red, green, and blue (RGB). The presented approach generates multiple keys, or sequences, based on the initial parameters and conditions, which are then utilized for encrypting each one of the blocks. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) tests are among performance tests that are used to assess the effectiveness of the approach. With the help of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the produced keys have been checked for randomness. Additionally, research is being done into how long decryption and encryption take. The encryption approach is particularly secure because of the chaotic attractor's unpredictability. The correlation coefficient, Shannon entropy, and a histogram are used to analyse the encryption technique's performance. The findings demonstrate that the suggested encryption approach dependably operates since it makes use of a mechanism to strengthen security against the attack of known or selected plain-text. The outcomes also demonstrated that both decoding and encoding using the suggested encoding approach require less time. For instance, images 3's decoding time is 0.002000, whereas images 3's encoding time is 0.001200.
Applied Nonlinear Analysis, Machine Learning, and the Opening of New Realms in Virtual Communication Technology

This work investigates the revolutionary synergy that results from the confluence of machine learning techniques, virtual communication technology, and applied nonlinear analysis. The swift development of digital interfaces presents a significant chance to leverage the concepts of nonlinear analysis and the capabilities of machine learning algorithms to establish innovative approaches in virtual communication. This paper explores the fusion of these fields and offers a framework that uses predictive algorithms and nonlinear modelling to push the frontiers of virtual communication technology. The study commences with clarifying the basic principles of nonlinear analysis and its applicability in the modelling of intricate systems. It also explores how machine learning methods, such as deep learning architectures and neural networks, might be used to comprehend nonlinear dynamics and improve the predictive powers that will be essential for future virtual communication platforms. The combination of these approaches and cutting-edge virtual communication technologies creates previously unimaginable opportunities in immersive and interactive virtual worlds, completely transforming connectivity and human interaction. Additionally, by giving case studies that demonstrate the effective implementation of these strategies in actual situations; this research explores the practical consequences of such integrative approaches. In these digitally mediated places, the article demonstrates the potential for improving user experiences and establishing deeper connections through personalised virtual environments and adaptive communication interfaces. A rich environment for invention and research is provided by the combination of nonlinear analysis, machine learning, and virtual communication technologies. The convergence of these domains not only drives the advancement of digital communication but also opens the door to new, immersive human-computer interactions that surpass current limitations, indicating a future in which virtual communication technology permeates every aspect of our existence.
Unraveling the Complexity with Applications of Nonlinear Analysis in Signal Processing and Communication Engineering

Nonlinear analysis is an essential area of signal and communication engineering. Many different kinds of nonlinear analysis can be used in this study. Linear signal processing techniques had previously struggled to accurately capture complex data pattern and communication signals. However, the development of non-linear analysis is a game-changing advancement since it provides a solid framework for understanding and manipulating these complex and non-trivial dynamics. In order to understand the behaviour of a wide variety of signals, from financial market trends to biological and environmental data, non-linear techniques are essential in signal processing. Improved understanding of system behaviour and predictive models may result from the use of such techniques to extract complex data patterns that are not often used. Non-linear approaches also contribute to the development of image and video processing by easing the development of advanced compression, tracking, and object recognition algorithms. Non-linear analysis is crucial in communication engineering as it aids in comprehending and optimising the flow of information across various channels. A greater understanding of signal distortion is made possible by the nonlinear perspective, which makes it possible to build reliable communication systems that can withstand interference and noise. By facilitating the creation of sophisticated modulation systems, adaptive equalisation methods, and error control coding, it raises the communication networks' dependability and effectiveness. Designing complex systems that can handle the complexities of today's data and communication demands is made possible by the paradigm-shifting synergy of nonlinear analysis, signal processing, and communication engineering. This abstract highlights the role that nonlinear analysis plays in transforming various fields and highlights how it can be used to solve changing problems related to information comprehension, processing, and transmission in a technologically sophisticated world.
Artificial Intelligence Solutions for the Disabled

People with disabilities are often dependent on others to complete their tasks. The healthcare industry has invented many mechanical instruments and aids in the past to make their lives better. The evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has opened up new avenues for improving existing aids like prosthetics and also creating new ones like AI powered apps to help the disabled navigate problems with finding objects, remote controlling them, speech, memory, and dexterity. The present paper covers the problems faced by the disabled and how AI helps them overcomes these.
THE IMPACTS OF DISCOVERY LEARNING AND READING INTEREST TOWARD COMPREHENDING TEXT OF STUDENTS

The current research aims to determine the significant influence of discovery learning (DL) and reading interest on comprehending students’ text at SMPN 1 Sembawang. This study selected 64 ninth-grade students from SMPN 1 Sembawa as samples using a two-stage random sampling technique. The quantitative factorial design method was applied in this investigation. The data was acquired via a questionnaire and a test: paired Sample t-test, Independent Sample t-test, and Two Ways ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The result showed that the discovery learning method significantly influenced ninth-grade students’ reading comprehension. Second, there was a significant influence of students’ reading interest toward ninth-grade students’ reading comprehension of folktales. Third, the student’s reading comprehension exam substantially impacted the DL and interest in reading. The result suggested that the discovery learning method and reading interest significantly impacted students’ reading comprehension. The study implies that the DLM helped pupils improve their reading comprehension.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS THAT ARE ENCOUNTERED BY ENGLISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS

This study aims to investigate the psychological problems perceived by students in speaking English and to examine factors leading to the problems as well as the students' efforts to cope with the problems. A mixed-method design was used in conducting this study. Data collection was done by distributing a questionnaire to sixty-four participants and interviews conducted with ten students participants of MAS Ulumul Quran in Aceh. The data were analyzed using quantitative data analysis (frequency and percentage formula), and interactive models of qualitative data analysis (data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawings). The findings revealed that the most common psychological problems faced by the students were fear of making mistakes with followed by speaking anxiety, lack of confidence, shyness, and lack of motivation. Those problems were caused by their inability to speak English, an unsupportive learning atmosphere, less speaking practice, negative attitude towards English, afraid of being mocked and underestimated by friends, afraid of being misunderstood, and terrified of appearing foolish. To cope with the problems, the students did many efforts such as pretending not to be panicked, making jokes, asking friends’ help, preparing before speaking, avoiding eye contact, inviting friends to practice English, motivating themselves to speak English by reading a motivational book or watching motivational videos, etc. In this regard, it was suggested that the teacher should encourage students to stop thinking that English is difficult to learn, stop worrying about friends’ judgments, and stop thinking about mistakes they possibly made when speaking English in the classrooms. Besides, the teacher should encourage students to practice English with peers or their classmates. Finally, the researcher recommends for further researcher to investigate the teacher’s perception of students’ psychological problems and how they overcome the problems when teaching English.
THE IMPACT OF DORATOON’S VIDEO USE AND SELF-CONFIDENCE ON THE NINTH-GRADE STUDENTS' SPEAKING ABILITY AT MTS AL-ITTIFAQIAH

The research aimed to determine the significant effects of Doratoon video use and self-confidence on ninth-grade students’ speaking ability. The investigation was approached through an experimental method with factorial design by having 30 students for each control and experimental group. The data were gathered from tests and a questionnaire. The statistical analysis of the independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test, and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Research findings revealed that there was a significant difference in speaking performance between students with high self-confidence who were taught using Doratoon Video and those who were taught by a traditional method of instruction, as well as a significant difference between students with low self-confidence who were taught using Doratoon Video and those who used a traditional method of instruction. The results suggested that the use of Doratoon videos and self-confidence had a significant impact on the students’ speaking performance.