Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Examining the factors affecting EFLwriting according to English proficiency and writing topics

The present study reports on the moderating effects of English proficiency and writing topics on the model of EFL writing. A total of 68 university students participated in the present study, and data were analyzed using a series of multiple regression. Results of the study indicate that for the lower English proficiency group, English grammar, vocabulary, and writing anxiety made a significant prediction on English writing about every-day life, while English grammar, vocabulary, writing anxiety, and perceptions of feedback significantly affected English writing about climatic change. However, for the higher proficiency group, English grammar, vocabulary, knowledge about textual organization and logical flow, and writing anxiety explained a significant proportion in the variances in English writing about every-day life, whereas English writing about climatic change was significantly accounted for by English grammar, vocabulary, reading-writing connection strategy, knowledge about textual organization & logical flow, and writing anxiety. The results were discussed in terms of previous literature, and pedagogical implications were given.
Principles and theories

In a “middle” chapter, we consider principles and theories related to the various issues of Web-scale discovery services, and that constitute their environment and the information discovery world. So, we present the linked data methodology and the Semantic Web project. We can indicate the current discovery service model as the most suitable one to develop and endure from now on, both because it is a Web-scale model, and it is ready to open up to the linked data system. Therefore, discovery systems can still improve and become more powerful, as they increasingly integrate into the general and widely shared ecosystem represented by the new Semantic Web, giving birth to systems based entirely on linked data rather than on descriptive and citational metadata. So, we discuss the potentiality and criticality of the new methods, quoting the opinion of various international scholars and professionals. In this sense, the innovation of information and knowledge management methods and systems must aim not only at the transformation of research and discovery systems, as well as the related database query interfaces, but also at a new way to think, create, and organize the data in the same bases. Only in this way can the development of theories and methodologies reach the point of proposing a true “paradigm shift” in the definition of new lines of thought and action. Finally, quoting the ideas of other international experts, we discuss as a new organization of catalog data and other databases means above all “opening” the data, creating them in granular and interoperable format, beyond the classic rules and schemes of cataloging records and metadata formats. Defined the above, it is now necessary to reflect about a new definition of resource, a resource dynamic and composed of atoms of information, reusable, and reinterpretable in a lot of new contexts.
Project Planning, Control and Quality Assurance

Project planning, control and quality assurance are areas of the project, where the focus must shift from creativity to discipline. In this chapter, you will find tips for your project planning, control and quality assurance.
Technical-semantic interoperability reference

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The FAIR data principles form the core OGC mission that renders in the open geospatial standards and the open-data initiatives that use them. Although OGC is best known for the technical interoperability, the domain modelling and semantic level play an inevitable role in the standards definition and the exploitation. On the one hand, we have a growing number of specialised profiles and implementations that selectively use the OGC modular specification model components. On the other hand, various domain ontologies exist already, enabling a better understanding of the data. As there could be multiple semantic representations, common data models support cross ontology traverses. Defining the service in the technical-semantic space requires fixing some flexibility points, including optional and mandatory elements, additional constraints and rules, and content including normalised vocabularies to be used.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The proposed solution of the OGC Definition Server is a multi-purpose application built around the triple store database engine integrated with the ingestion, validation, and entailment tools and exposing customized end-points. The models are available in the human-readable format and machine-2-machine aimed encodings. For manual processes, it enables understanding the technical and semantic definitions/relationships between entities. Programmatic solutions benefit from a precise referential system, validations, and entailment.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Currently, OGC Definition Server is hosting several types of definitions covering:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Register of OGC bodies, assets, and its modules&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Ontological common semantic models (e.g., for Agriculture)&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Dictionaries of subject domains (e.g., PipelineML Codelists)&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In practice, that is a step forward in defining the bridge between conceptual and logical models. The concepts can be expressed as instances of various ontological classes and interpreted within multiple contexts, with the definition translated into entities, relationships, and properties. In the future, it is linking the data to the reference model and external ontologies that may be even more significant. Doing so can greatly improve the quality of the knowledge produced based on the collected data. Ability to verify the research outcomes and explainable AI are just two examples where a precise log of inferences and unambiguous semantic compatibility of the data will play a key role.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Selective Information Control and Layer-Wise Partial Collective Compression for Multi-Layered Neural Networks

The present paper aims to propose a new type of information theoretic method to control selective information at the expense of its cost, and layer-wise partially compression for interpreting the meaning of hidden layers. The selective information is first reduced at the expense of increasing the cost or the strength of weights, followed by maximizing the information for obtaining the higher selectivity in terms of connection weights. In addition, to understand how hidden layers extract information on inputs, we introduce the layer-wise partial compression, compressing a hidden layer only with the input and output layer. The method was applied preliminarily to the job satisfaction data set, where the interpretation was more important than improved generalization. The results showed that the present method could produce the final compressed weights close to the original, simple and independently computed correlation coefficients between inputs and targets. In addition, we could observe that at least, one hidden layer tried to extract the features explicitly by the new method, improving the interpretation of final results.
Prospects of Semantic Web and Blockchain Technologies in Libraries

Blockchain and the Semantic web are the recent revolutions that have already begun to transform the industry, social and political interactions, and any other kind of exchange of value. It's not just a trend; it's a growing phenomenon that's already in progress. For LI Centres, Semantic web and Blockchain’s are emerging technologies producing new forms of records or new modalities of recordkeeping with which records and information professionals will need to en-gage. The adoption of these technologies in libraries has connected the support provided by libraries and the rapidly evolving and increasing interests of custom-ers. There are many benefits associated with these emerging technologies, i.e., Trust, Decentralization, Protects Privacy, Distributed, Permission-less Metadata, Interlibrary Loan, Resource Sharing and Voucher System, Intellectual Property, Digital Rights Management, and improve efficacy in many aspects. These tech-nologies have their limitations and challenges, i.e. legal challenges, technical is-sues, financial challenges, and social limitations and challenges. The LIS profes-sionals require more effort and technical skills to understand SW and BCT. Policy makers must prepare the LIS community for these forthcoming and inevitable technologies.
Correlation of term usage and term indexing frequencies

There have been several studies on the distributions of index terms, title terms, authors and other elements used in searching bibliographic databases. What is needed is to relate this information of the actual usage of terms in searching. This study uses data from monitoring the actual usage of terms in an online catalog at the School of Library and Information Science at the University of Western Ontario. Every time a term was used in a search expression, a count in the dictionary file was updated. If a word was not in the dictionary it was added. In this way we can see which words are in the catalog and not searched and also those which were searched but not in the dictionary. As a check on other studies the rank distribution of terms used in searching was checked and found to be of a general Zipf type.&#x0D; The main interest was to check if high frequency terms in the catalog were used frequently in searching. Several measures of this were tried. First the regular scatterplot of frequency of use in the catalog versus the frequency in searching was checked and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated. The correlation was reasonably high at 0.74. Since the total number of terms and frequencies was much larger in the catalog, a plot of the rank of the terms in the catalog was plotted against the rank of the term in searching.&#x0D; This provided a very scattered plot with less clustering at the origin as in the original plot of frequencies. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was moderate at 0.58. Some studies have suggested that removing high frequency and very low frequency terms from the search vocabulary will improve retrieval performance. This data shows that many general users actually use these terms in searching.&#x0D; Currently a sample of search words are being analyzed for factors which affect the correlation, such as errors in both the catalog and searching, the effect of truncations, and the effect of stemming (which was done on both the catalog vocabulary and the search terms).
Short-term trajectory prediction of aerial target based on LSTM model

When the radar is tracking an air target, there is a short-term interruption of the track. The accurate prediction of the target track can help improve the accuracy of the track association. In response to the problem of low calculation accuracy of traditional track prediction algorithms, this article introduces and adopts a long short-term memory algorithm (Long Short − Term Memory) track prediction method. Use data to train the model, and use the mean square error (MSE) as an evaluation indicator to predict the future location of the target. The final simulation test results show that the algorithm can use the changing law of the air target's movement state to predict the target's movement state in a certain time in the future, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed algorithm in the problem of interrupted track prediction.
Mechanical Strength of Southern African&amp;#8217;s Lithosphere from a Joint Inversion of Bouguer Gravity and Topography and its Uncertainty

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;South African lithosphere is a mosaic of the best-preserved and exposed crustal blocks, assembled in the early to late Archean and then modified by a series of major tectono-thermal events, both of Precambrian and Phanerozoic age. Understanding the thermal and compositional structure of the South African lithosphere provides crucial information for the causes and processes of lithospheric stability and modification.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The lithosphere's effective elastic thickness (&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;e&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;) is a proxy for mechanical strength that can be used to constrain lithospheric rheology and better understand how surface deformation affects deep Earth processes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In this study, we calculate the admittance and coherence for southern Africa using topography and Bouguer gravity data from the GOCE satellite dataset. The admittance and coherence are then jointly inverted to estimate the spatial variations in southern African elastic thickness, by applying a wavelet transform in a probabilistic Bayesian framework.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Unlike other Cratonic regions, the low effective elastic thickness values and the shallow Curie depth estimated along the Kaapvaal Craton, demonstrate that lithospheric strength is influenced by regional thermo-chemical mantle upwelling dominated by composition, rather than just the continental geothermal state.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The lateral heterogeneity of &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;e&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; across the Kaapvaal craton indicates that the Kaapvaal may not be a uniformly rigid craton and the modification is related to metasomatism and plume activity.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
CMINet: an improved RGBT tracking via cross-modality interaction

Visible light and thermal infrared (RGBT) data contain different levels of information about the target, and how to use them effectively plays a crucial role in the representation of the target appearance in RGBT tracking. Existing work has focused on the integration of information from modality-shared features and modality-specific features. These approaches effectively deploy modality-shared cues and modality-specific attributes, ignoring the potential value of multi-layer shared cues of different modalities. To this end, a new multi-feature extraction-based infrared and visible target tracking algorithm is proposed. The tracking algorithm consists of a multi-layer shared fusion network, modal complementary network and target regression network that performs multi-layer modality-sharing, modality-specific and target probability prediction feature learning. Extensive experiments are conducted on the RGBT tracking benchmark dataset to achieve real-time tracking in terms of tracking speed and also show superior performance in comparison with other advanced RGB and RGBT tracking algorithms.
The construction and application of data center in the electric power field

Due to the continuous deepening of power system reform, the continuous emergence of new businesses, and the continuous development of information and communication technology, the traditional data sharing service level of power companies can no longer meet the needs of users In order to integrate the data application business of our country's power grid companies, use the value of data can quickly improve the level of data service. We can support the function of data service by creating a data center. This article first explains the related concepts of data center, and then constructs the business architecture of power grid enterprise data center from both technical support and operation support Finally, it introduces the typical application scenarios of data center and investigates its application effects. The survey results show that the data center can integrate the island data of power companies, enhance the company's data service capabilities, and provide support for business decision-making.
Quantum computing with two independent control functions: Optimal solutions to the teleportation protocol

A central problem in quantum computing is the finding of an unknown target state that encodes the solution of a certain computational task. To accomplish this goal, the evolution from a given initial state is performed with an associated total Hamiltonian, which is a time-dependent combination of two time-independent Hamiltonians: the problem-Hamiltonian, whose ground state is the unknown target, and a driving-Hamiltonian, whose ground state is the initial state. Here, we analyze this computational problem in the light of optimal control theory, considering each Hamiltonian modulated by an independent control function. For bounded controls, there is a minimum total evolution time beyond which the target state can be exactly prepared. We show that below this minimum time a possible optimal solution consists of both controls constantly tuned at their upper bound, provided the gradients of the associated control Hamiltonian with respect to the controls (the switching functions) are positive. We refer to this type of solution as the double-bang solution. We show that the double-bang solution is optimal for a teleportation protocol up to the minimum time. Additionally, we combine the double-bang solution and the adiabatic gate teleportation protocol to implement universal quantum computing. This approach to quantum computing is very appealing because of its simplicity and experimental feasibility. To corroborate our analytical results, we propose the use of a numerical quantum optimal control technique adapted to limit the amplitude of the controls, which converges to the double-bang solution when the final evolution time is shorter than the minimum time. We compare the fidelity of the teleported state obtained for the numerically optimized two-control functions with the usual one-control function scheme and with the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). We find that the two-control approach has a better performance than the other approaches. Moreover, we investigate the energetic cost and the robustness against systematic errors in the teleportation protocol, considering different schemes.
Freedom of Speech and Consumer Autonomy

This chapter considers freedom of speech in relation to media violence. Freedom of speech is typically not protected by the harm principle, and therefore recourse is made to arguments deriving the value of free speech from its contributions to truth finding, democracy, autonomy, and so forth. Susan Hurley has argued against the argument from autonomy on the basis of findings from neuroscience and psychology purportedly showing a correlation between exposure to media violence and non-autonomously copied criminal violence. I argue that Hurley’s claim cannot be substantiated. I review the evidence, make a number of observations about policymaking, and discuss a potential way out based on a recent epistemological reading of free speech by Joseph Blocher.
Optical physics does digital optimization—which we call Onsager Computing—for machine learning, control theory, backpropagation, etc.

Optimization is vital to Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, and to many areas of Science. Mathematically, we usually employ steepest-descent, or other digital algorithms. But, Physics itself, performs optimizations in the normal course of dynamical evolution. Nature provides us with the following optimization principles: 1. The Principle of Least Action; 2. The Variational Principle of Quantum Mechanics; 3. The Principle of Minimum Entropy Generation; 4. The First Mode to Threshold method; 5. The Principle of Least Time; 6. The Adiabatic Evolution method; 7. Quantum Annealing Of these physics principles, “Minimum Entropy Generation” in the form of bistable electrical or optical circuits is particularly adaptable toward offering digital Optimization. For example, we provide the electrical circuit which can address the challenging Ising problem. Since Onsager, 1930, introduced the Principle of Minimum Entropy Generation we call this Onsager Computing.
Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms

Evolutionary algorithmEvolutionary algorithms comprise a class of optimization techniques that imitate principles of biological evolution. They belong to the family of metaheuristicsMetaheuristics, which also includes, for example, particle swarm and ant colony optimization, which are inspired by other biological structures and processes, as well as classical methods like simulated annealing, which is inspired by a thermodynamical process. The core principle of evolutionary algorithms is to apply evolution principles like mutation and selection to populations of candidate solutions in order to find a (sufficiently good) solution for a given optimization problem.
Computation for Large-Scale Problems

Connecting theory with practice, this systematic and rigorous introduction covers the fundamental principles, algorithms and applications of key mathematical models for high-dimensional data analysis. Comprehensive in its approach, it provides unified coverage of many different low-dimensional models and analytical techniques, including sparse and low-rank models, and both convex and non-convex formulations. Readers will learn how to develop efficient and scalable algorithms for solving real-world problems, supported by numerous examples and exercises throughout, and how to use the computational tools learnt in several application contexts. Applications presented include scientific imaging, communication, face recognition, 3D vision, and deep networks for classification. With code available online, this is an ideal textbook for senior and graduate students in computer science, data science, and electrical engineering, as well as for those taking courses on sparsity, low-dimensional structures, and high-dimensional data. Foreword by Emmanuel Candès.
Virtual Tour of Flanders

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">The Tour of Flanders, a classic outdoor cycling event that opens the cycling season, was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a suitable replacement was created in its place, intended to offer people some solace during this lockdown period during which most recreational activities were suspended. This paper explains how the team managed to create an exciting mixed-reality (MR) racing event within a short period of time, given the limits of all social distance rules. It provides insights into how the real riders raced through a virtual landscape and how the viewers got to see this at home. This cloud-based production was performed exclusively with standard office IT equipment and well-known internet technologies. From idea to execution, the clock was ticking: the entire project was to be completed within a matter of days</i> .