Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Abrupt Decline in Primary Productivity Coincident with the End-Ordovician Mass Extinction: Cadmium Isotopic Evidence from South Chin

Although the end-Ordovician mass extinction caused the disappearance of >80% of contemporaneous marine species, many aspects of this biocrisis remain poorly understood.For example, changes in primary productivity, an important monitor of ecosystem health, remain undocumented.Here, we apply cadmium isotopes (δ 114/110 Cd) in carbonates from the Ordovician-Silurian boundary GSSP section at Wangjiawan, South China, to track changes in primary productivity during the end-Ordovician biocrisis.Our results show substantial variation during the Ordovician-Silurian transition: δ 114/110 Cd decreased from +1.13‰ to +0.25‰ during the Katian, peaked at +0.59‰ during the early Hirnantian, declined abruptly to -0.17‰ during the late Hirnantian (i.e., O-S extinction event), and finally rose to 0.64‰ in the Early Silurian.Elevated productivity is associated with higher δ 114/110 Cd values because marine phytoplankton prefers lighter isotopes of Cd, causing seawater to become enriched in 114 Cd.Our Cd-isotope record thus reflects an increase in productivity at the onset of the Hirnantian followed by a sharp decline during the extinction of the latter Hirnantian.This productivity decrease is also supported by other proxies such as Zn and P enrichments.While all Phanerozoic biocrises were associated with sharp reductions in taxonomic diversity, the present study is one of the first demonstrations of a major decline in marine productivity linked to a mass extinction event.
Secure Online Election System

India, the biggest democratic ruling system in terms of population utilises the Electronic Voting Machine or EVM for their general elections. Any EVM comprises of two units: The Control unit and the Ballot unit. O n g o i n g re s e a rc h h a s i n d i c a t e d m a n y disadvantages in the system. One of the main disadvantages we encounter is that many researchers have claimed that the EVM can easily be tampered with. EVMs also encounter many physical threats. To prevent these drawbacks, we have proposed an online voting s y s t e m w h i c h c o u n t e r m a n y p h y s i c a l difficulties faced by the EVM. One main difficulty in the online system is the SQL Injection attack. SQL injection is messing with the database and controlling it with the help of SQL Queries. Our project focuses on the Tautology based SQL Injection attack. In this attack, a statement whose value will always be true or 1 is passed instead of username and password by the hacker. This allows access to t h e d a t a b a s e w h i c h a l l o w s h i m / h e r t o manipulate it. Manipulation can be of several kinds. Web based Voting is another innovation that is rising which has the possibility of countering numerous downsides looked by the EVMs. The online voting application works as any other web application. Each voter who wants to vote needs to fill all the required details and create an account on the website first. On the day of voting, when voters cast their vote, they need to sign in with their respective credentials. When the credentials match with the data from database, the voter can get to the voting page and make his choice. An affirmation mail is the sent to the client after effectively making the choice. The votes cast by the voters are sent to a separate database which is viewed in the administration s i d e . We u s e s t o r e d p r o c e d u r e s a n d parameterized queries to prevent the Tautology based SQL attack. If a malicious user enters any query which has a value, it will simply be passed as a parameter to the SQL statement and wont be a component of the SQL statement itself, thus rendering the stored procedure invulnerable to SQL injection attacks. We also use the Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256). It is a type of cryptographic hash function which generates a unique 256 bit long hash key for each vote. It is a one way function and so it cannot be decrypted. This ensures that the votes are not manipulated.
Verbal morphology

This chapter focuses on the morphology of the Pondi verb.The structure of verb phrases is covered in ( §6.2). Basic verbal morphologyA verb in Pondi consists, minimally, of a verb stem.Verbs generally also contain a single suffix, typically either one of three finite suffixes that indicate tense-aspect-mood (TAM) 1 distinctions or a dependentmarking suffix that affixes to a medial verb.(Only some imperatives and some medial verbs may occur without any overt suffix.)Although there seems to exist just a single morphological slot available for suffixes, there is a small, closed class of auxiliary verbs, which follow the main verb with which they are associated ( §6.2.1).The degree to which these are independent words, however, as opposed to, say, suffixes may be a diachronic question.Preceding the verb stem there is also a slot available for prefixes, the functions of which are not entirely clear.Object-marker proclitics may come before the affixed verb, cliticising typically to the beginning of the verb stem (when no prefix is present) or to the prefix (when present) ( §5.3.2).1The label 'TAM' is overly general for the Pondi verbal categories, since the three basic suffixes encode only aspect and mood-not tense.It is used here given its usefulness in crosslinguistic comparison. 9This is the imperfective form plus the perfect prefix a-. 10 This is a suppletive perfective form (< i-'come'); (a)malï may also be used to mean 'go [pfv]'.
The Read Feed: Reviews

Michelle DeMars reviews Academic Libraries for Commuter Students: Research-Based Strategies. Hayley Moreno reviews Coding with XML for Efficiencies in Cataloging and Metadata: Practical Applications of XSD, XSLT, and XQuery.
ZIMBABWE: Angry Protests

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 55, Issue 12 p. 22383A-22384C Full Issue ZIMBABWE: Angry Protests First published: 01 February 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2019.08679.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume55, Issue12February 2019Pages 22383A-22384C RelatedInformation
Energy-Efficient and High-throughput Implementations of Lightweight Block Cipher

Security in resource-constrained devices has drawn the great attentions to researchers in recent years. To make secure transmission of critical information in such devices, lightweight cryptography algorithms come in light to large extend. KLEIN has been popular lightweight block cipher used to overcome such issues. In this paper, different architectures of KLEIN block cipher are presented. One of designs enhances the efficiency with regard to the throughput at the expense of a larger area. In order to make such designs, the pipelined registers are placed on different positions in datapath algorithm. The proposed design transforms the data input to protected output with the speed of 2414.13 Mbps for xc5vlx50t-3ff1136 device. In addition, the second design implementation completes either one or more than one round in only one clock and gives energy-efficient and high throughput implementations. Due to this, a trade-off between area and speed can be analyzed for high-speed applications. Moreover, this proposed design shows that with increasing the area of cipher implementation results in more transformation of plaintext into ciphertext. All results are verified and simulated for various families of Xilinx ISE design suite.
THEORETICAL BASES FOR FORMATION OF NOTIONAL READING AS UNIVERSAL EDUCATIONAL ACTION

The authors consider the problem of achieving the unity of personal, metapedmetic, substantive educational results, drawing attention to the formation of such cognitive universal educational action as the «basis of notional reading of the text». The presented results of the analysis of school educational programs on leading educational subjects in primary and basic schools reveal a lack of coherence, continuity in the formation of this universal educational action. The main reason is seen in the inconsistency of interpretations of the concept of notional reading, in unsettled definitions, which is the result of the inconsistency of the advancing theoretical provisions (psychological, psycholinguistic, didactic). The lack of teachers’ competence in the formation of notional reading as a cognitive universal educational activity is explained by the lack of scientific and pedagogical materials on theoretical coverage of the problem and practical solutions. A diverse analysis of the history of the concept of notional reading is directed by the authors to correlate it with the concept of the reading consciousness, which, in turn, is conjugated with the concept of the teaching consciousness. This ensures the consideration of the problem of semantic reading in the context of the problem of forming a conscious attitude of younger schoolchildren to the mastery in reading. Thus, the search for its solutions is carried out in the key of a subjective approach, in the direction of developing conscious meanings of reading among junior schoolchildren, which means bringing to the students’ consciousness the importance of mastering their skills to read texts to solve specific cognitive problems in accordance with adequate motives and goals of activity. The article provides authors’ data on correlation of the self-esteem of junior students’ skills in reading with the attitude to it as a leisure activity, the regularity of its implementation, and dominant motives. The authors attribute the weakly expressed dynamics of the development of general educational and cognitive meanings of reading in primary education to insufficient pedagogical consideration of the cognitive interests of younger schoolchildren in the educational content of reading, their ability to navigate the functional and typological features of texts. In this regard, the concept of functional reading is touched upon, a critical assessment is given of the unjustified narrowing of its meaning to a purely pragmatic one.
IMPROVING STUDENT’S VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH EARLY HEALTH EDUCATION VIDEO AT PRADNYANDARI I KINDERGARTEN

This research is a classroom action research on improving English vocabulary in kindergarten students through health education video. The purpose of this study is to find out the improvement of English vocabulary through early health education video. The results of this study indicate an increase in English vocabulary through the health education video on preschool students of Pradnyandari I Kindergarten. The research method used in this research is Action research with the subject of TK Pradnyadari I Kindergarten student. Data collection techniques are using observation, documentation interviews and a collection of English words about dental and oral health through early health education video. This research was conducted in 3 cycles. The results showed an increase in vocabulary ability in English through early health education video on Pradnyandari I Kindergarten. The increase in the first cycle was 40.65%, in the second cycle, 48% and a significant increase of 65.9% was in the third cycle. It can be concluded that the increase in vocabulary through early health education videos is effectively implemented to students of Pradnyandari I Kindergarten.Keywords: English, vocabulary, health education video
Replication Based on Data Locality for Hadoop Distributed File System

Replication plays an important role for storage system to improve data availability, throughput and response time for user and control storage cost.Due to different nature of data access pattern, data popularity is important in replication because of the unstable and unpredictable nature of popular files.Also, replicas placement is important in consideration of system's performance.In data-parallel applications, data locality is a key issue and this consequence of this issue occurs the decrement of system' performance.Therefore, this paper proposes a data locality-based replication for Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS).In replica allocation, data popularity is considered for maintaining less replicas for unpopular data and also, disk bandwidth, CPU utilization and disk utilization are considered in the proposed replica placement algorithm in order to get better data locality and more effective storage utilization.Our proposed scheme will be effective for HDFS.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography based Secure and Efficient Authentication Protocol for Smart Card Users

Communication scheme which is used to have communication between authorized remote users over an insecure network is generally the authentication scheme which uses the password for the authentication. Remote user authentication techniques using the smart card have been proposed by many researchers. The main benefit of using the smart card is the storage availability and the computation speed. Huang et al. proposed a scheme for user authentication with smart cards which uses the concept of the timestamp. In Huang et al.’s protocol authors argued that their protocol is secure and efficient against any type of attack. Unfortunately Jung et al. show that Huang et al.’s model fails against the offline password guessing attack and with this scheme wrong password detection is not easy. In Huang et al.’s scheme, RSA cryptosystem is used to offer the authentication. In this article, advanced and secure smart card based authentication protocol using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is proposed. This proposed scheme thus overcomes all the possible drawbacks of Huang et al.’s scheme, and it has faster computation as compared to the available schemes
IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH FOLKLORE STORY AT MAN 1 PALU

This research aims to determine whether students’ reading comprehension can be improved by using the Folklore Story. The participants were 20 eleventh grade students. The researcher had carried out research during the pandemic, the number of students was limited by the school. The research employed true experimental and need pre-test and post-test to both experimental class and control class. The population of this research is students in the eleventh grade of Man 1 Palu. The students were selected randomly. They are 20 students of class XI MIA 1 as the experiment class and XI MIA 4 as a control class. The research analysed the data statistically data collection. The result of data analysis shows that the experimental class (86) is higher than the mean score of the control class (69). The deviation score of experimental class (8.75) is higher than of the control class (5.37). So, the result of t-counted (1.644) which is higher than t-table (0.081). in analyzing the data, the researcher used 0.05 level of significance and the degree of freedom (df=10+10-2) it means that the hypothesis of the research was accepted. Therefore, the Folklore Story can improve students’ reading comprehension.
SIGEST

The SIGEST article in this issue, “Randomized Projection for Rank-Revealing Matrix Factorizations and Low-Rank Approximations,” by Jed A. Duersch and Ming Gu, concerns the use of randomization to reduce the bottleneck in a central numerical linear algebra kernel. The authors consider QR factorization, which is a key component in algorithms for constructing stable bases, for solving least-squares problems, and generally for summarizing or extracting insights from data. Column pivoting is the standard technique for dealing with cases where the target matrix is not of full rank, or where the rank is in doubt. However, for large-scale problems column pivoting requires substantial communication between different levels of computer memory, which severely limits the overall efficiency. The authors therefore propose a strategy for choosing pivots based on randomization rather than exhaustive search. This approach reduces communication complexity while increasing uncertainty in the quality of the factorization in a controlled manner. The article makes use of clear pseudocode listings in order to summarize both the original deterministic strategies and the newly developed randomized approaches; see Algorithms 1 to 6. The authors also explain how a Bayesian framework can be set up to quantify the uncertainty introduced by the use of random projections. Extensive, large-scale tests are conducted using Fortran with OpenMP, an application programming interface that supports shared-memory multiprocessing. The original article appeared in the SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing in 2017, and the main idea has subsequently proved to be effective for a number of related tasks. In creating this highlighted article for the SIGEST section, the authors have revised the introductory material, providing additional context; reorganized the document structure and added new visualizations; updated and extended the computational experiments, while making this section more compact and easier to interpret; and discussed recent developments in the field and provided references to the growing literature.
Eroded sovereignty or algorithmic nation Transnational diffusion of blockchain in governance

This paper explores the relationship between transnational non-state actors and sovereignty through the adoption of blockchain technology in governance. Governments have introduced a growing number of blockchain applications to reform state functions and authority mechanisms. Initial expectations for blockchain were to act as a disruptive and transformative force to decentralise state authority; however, this is only part of the real picture. The decentralising tendencies of blockchain technology appear in political spaces where state sovereignty is weakened or absent, particularly among displaced and stateless communities. Conversely, strong states use blockchain technology to upgrade their existing digital infrastructure to empower and reinforce state power. Thus, the diffusion of blockchain in governance leads to the birth of two opposite phenomena: 'eroded sovereignty' and 'algorithmic nation'. This paper presents the data-based illustration of the two-directional diffusion and analyse the motives, pathways and impacts of emerging technologies on the sovereignty-dominated and territory-based international order.
Using precision of users' reviews to improve the performance of matrix factorisation method in recommender systems

Recommender systems try to discover some latent features of users and items by looking at the available information such as users' history of ratings to items and then use these latent factors to estimate users' interest level to a particular item. Traditional methods such as standard matrix factorisation rely on the ratings that users have submitted explicitly, no matter the impact of each latent factor on the total rating. Textual reviews that are posted by users can provide us some insight into the major motive behind the ratings that can also be used to explain the reasoning behind our suggestion. A first-order gradient method for matrix factorisation is proposed in this paper that considers two parameters while finding optimal latent vectors: 1) the impact of each latent factor on total rating; 2) the precision of each review. Evaluating the method on the YELP dataset shows that the algorithm converges the squared error and improves the performance remarkably.
Web Interaction based Business Sentiment Analysis using Benchmark Classifier

Syed Salim*, Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology, Mysuru, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, India
Phishing Website Detection using Neural Network and PCA based on Feature Selection

Phishing is a criminal activity that tries to steal user account password or other confidential information by tricking user into believing they are on the actual website. In order to phishing, they must get user to go from an email to a website. User can also land on phishing site by mistyping a URL (web address). However, the numbers of phishing attacks have been growing and need the protection technique. Neural network and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can be combined to detect phishing website. This study uses back-propagation algorithm based on neural network method and PCA based on feature selection to reduce large attributes into small attributes. Neural network without using PCA will be compared with neural network using PCA. The result shows that neural network using PCA has better accuracy in 55.67% and neural network without using PCA only reaches 54.43% accuracy. However neural network without using PCA has faster computing time than neural network using PCA. This study can be used as a phishing protection technique.
Improved Algorithms for Edge Colouring in the W-Streaming Model

In the W-streaming model, an algorithm is given O(n polylog n) space and must process a large graph of up to O(n 2 ) edges.In this short note we give two algorithms for edge colouring under the W-streaming model.For edge colouring in W-streaming, a colour for every edge must be determined by the time all the edges are streamed.Our first algorithm uses ∆ + o(∆) colours in O(n log 2 n) space when the edges arrive according to a uniformly random permutation.The second algorithm uses (1 + o(1))∆ 2 /s colours in Õ(ns) space when edges arrival adversarially.
Derivational affixes forming noun in firefly lane novel by kristin hannah

This study aims to find out the types of derivational affixes forming noun and the functions of derivational affixes forming noun in the novel entitled Firefly Lane written by Kristin Hannah. The methods used in this study are quantitative and qualitative methods. This study used observation method in collecting the data from all chapters in the novel Firefly Lane. Finally, this writing concludes that there were two functions of derivational affixes such are: class changing affixes and class maintaining affixes and each function has two types which are: prefixes and suffixes. The result of the study found there are 3 prefixes forming noun such are: re-, pre-,and pro-, and from suffixes there were found 22 suffixes forming noun, they are: -er, -hood, -ism, -ist, -ity, -ship, -ness, -th, -ize, -less, -ous, -y, -ful, -ive, -ing, -ance, -ence, -ant, -ion, -ment, - or, and –ure.
Comments on Ternary Mathematics and 3D Placement of Logical Elements Justification

Our current review aims to analyze in details the approach presented in 11(2): 11-15, 2021; Article no.AJRCOS.71745 ISSN: 2581-8260 by Ruslan Pozinkevych under the title “Ternary Mathematics and 3D Placement of Logical Elements Justification " In it we will try to signify the importance of the chosen method, namely matrix presentation of a input data and how this kind of analysis makes it easier to operate large amounts of information Pay attention that this is not an experimental research In order to prove the theory a range of experiments should be conducted We are trying to abstract from traditional numeric presentation of a data Instead we use vectors matrices and operations such as multiplication addition substraction etc. In such a way we also try to show that the functional approach can substitute formal By saying so we aim to prove that no method of counting or calculating is superior stating instead that rather the chosen strategy depends on the objective and not vice versa.
How Statistics Support Science

This chapter discusses how statistics support scientific practice by providing evidence for new ideas despite natural variation we see between people, systems and contexts. In particular, the frameworks of severe testing and new experimentalism are used to show how experiments can add to knowledge in HCI, even in the absence of strong theories of interaction.