Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A New Derivation of the Leftover Hash Lemma.

This paper reviews the characteristics of the main digest algorithms, and presents a new derivation of the leftover hash lemma, using the collision probability to derive an upper bound on the statistical distance between the key and seed joint probability, and the hash bit sequence distribution. The paper discussed the use of the hash function in cryptography and presented a new derivation of the upper bound on the statistical distance between the joint distribution of the key and the seed, and the distribution of the hash bit distribution, based on the collision probability. A cryptographic hash function is used to verify whether a data file maps onto a certain hash value. On the other hand, it is difficult to reconstruct the information based on the hash value. Therefore, it is used to assure data in- integrity, and is the building block of a Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC), which provide message authentication.
Usage and Influence of Social Network among Youth

This present era necessitates numerous technological advancements. Networking is one of the most inescapable aspects of this planet. Social networks are a method of communication that is used to share and gather information, messages, photographs, news, and videos, among other things. There are around 3.2 billion social network users globally, which equates to 42% of the global population). Through the use of social media, people globally maintain strong professional and personal connections. There are over 325 million users in India, with Tamil Nadu being the second-largest user. Additionally, it is discovered that youngsters are the primary users of social media. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Gmail, and YouTube are all extremely popular social networking platforms. Youth regard social networking as a critical component of their lives. They enjoy spending time on social media more than they enjoy real relationships. There are both positive and bad consequences to social media usage. As a result, the researchers have undertaken a study on the influence of social networking on the young to ascertain the influence on youth. The researcher concluded from this study that the effect or influence of social networking is determined by the users' use of these social networking sites.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE / MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH USING THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL ALYAWARRA KINSHIP DATASET: PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 2004-2020

Author(s): Denham, Woodrow W | Abstract: This paper describes methods used at the interface between anthropology and machine learning research. Charles Kemp, a graduate student at MIT in 2004, discovered my numerically coded Alyawarra kinship term applications data (Denham 1973; Denham, McDaniel and Atkins 1979; Denham and White 2005) and received my permission to use the data in his machine learning research. Since then, his co-authored papers (Kemp et al. 2004, 2006, 2010), and other works that cite his papers and mine, have played significant roles in the development of unsupervised pattern detection and machine learning technology as subsets of Artificial Intelligence research. Part 1 of the paper outlines how I produced the Alyawarra (Alyawara) kinship term applications dataset and introduces the structure and content of the dataset and supporting files. Part 2 briefly describes some simple ways to analyze the dataset either manually or with machine learning technology. Minimally these examples demonstrate some ways in which the ethnographic dataset is useful to the machine learning community now. More speculatively, the machine learning technology introduced here may enhance ethnographic research in the future. Part 3 provides links to a sample of 24 papers by Kemp et al. and other AI colleagues, all of which utilize the Alyawarra Kinship dataset. Part 4 contains links to some of my Alyawarra kinship data and documentation files that are available online. Part 5 briefly acknowledges support that I have received for this project over the last half-century.n
Automated Timeline Length Selection for Flexible Timeline Summarization.

By producing summaries for long-running events, timeline summarization (TLS) underpins many information retrieval tasks. Successful TLS requires identifying an appropriate set of key dates (the timeline length) to cover. However, doing so is challenging as the right length can change from one topic to another. Existing TLS solutions either rely on an event-agnostic fixed length or an expert-supplied setting. Neither of the strategies is desired for real-life TLS scenarios. A fixed, event-agnostic setting ignores the diversity of events and their development and hence can lead to low-quality TLS. Relying on expert-crafted settings is neither scalable nor sustainable for processing many dynamically changing events. This paper presents a better TLS approach for automatically and dynamically determining the TLS timeline length. We achieve this by employing the established elbow method from the machine learning community to automatically find the minimum number of dates within the time series to generate concise and informative summaries. We applied our approach to four TLS datasets of English and Chinese and compared them against three prior methods. Experimental results show that our approach delivers comparable or even better summaries over state-of-art TLS methods, but it achieves this without expert involvement.
ESL students’ perception to academic writing and challenges faced In ODL / Sheela Paramasivam … [et al.]

This small-scale survey investigated ESL students’ perception to academic writing and challenges faced in Online Distance Learning (ODL) conducted during the Covid19 pandemic. The purpose of this study aims at answering two questions, namely what are the academic writing difficulties encountered by ESL learners and what aspects in academic writing do ESL Learners find challenging. Subjects were undergraduates in two universities in Malaysia- a public and private university. Students in both universities need to undertake academic writing course as partial fulfilment of their coursework. A needs analysis questionnaire was used to gather the data for this study. In addition, open-ended questionnaire and interviews on google meet was conducted with selected respondents to support the quantitative data. The findings of this study suggest that subjects in both universities tend to have similar difficulties in academic writing regardless of their previous educational contexts. The most common one is related to understanding author’s point of view and language use as well as coherence and cohesion. Others are related to finding relevant topics and sources, paraphrasing, synthesising, referencing and citations. Another conclusion which can be drawn is that students expectations of an online distance learning academic writing course differs from the conventions of academic writing and the expectations of the institution they are studying at. Students mainly viewed academic writing as a product approach as compared to a process approach advocated by their institutions. The findings also suggest that a needs-based syllabus, appropriate and effective teaching materials and resources and adequate teaching support strategies and technology are among factors that may develop students’ academic writing skills.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS WEB PADA PUSAT REHABILITASI HEWAN ENDEMIK DKI JAKARTA ELANG BONDOL DI PULAU KOTOK, KEPULAUAN SERIBU

The Bondol Eagle is an endemic animal of DKI Jakarta which is currently protected because its number continues to decreased. Build a rehabilitation center in the Thousand Islands for Bondol Eagles is one of the efforts that made to maintain the survival of these animals. The rehabilitation center administrators recorded all the data that they used for the rehabilitation of the bondol eagle.However, at this time the rehabilitation center has not used a computer system to record all the data it has. The data recording activity at this rehabilitation center is still using the traditional system, which is recording in a book. Considering an importance of the task that rehabilitation center is to maintain the sustainability of the bondol eagle, their data should be computerized and recorded and processed with better media than those used today. The design of this website-based information system is intended to facilitate the management of the rehabilitation center in recording all documents and data so that the rehabilitation center has a better recording medium and is expected to replace the old recording media.
Chapter 16 - COVID-19: Data collection and transparency among countries

This chapter discusses the importance of data collection and transparency as two important topics closely related with strong impact in the appropriate management of an epidemiological emergency like coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Based on the lessons learned, a centralized organization should collect few but substantial data that could be used for global and local decisions. In addition, local laws and policies related to transparency should be considered and approved by governments in order to develop trust in the public opinion.
A bilateral fuzzy support vector machine hybridizing the Gaussian mixture model

The fuzzy support vector machine is one of the most exceptional methods to deal with uncertainty in the classification problem. The membership function is a proper way to model uncertainty. The goal of the membership function is to distinguish the different points in terms of their importance. The ordinary design of the membership function relies on the distance of the observations to the class center. However, the class center is affected by the presence of outliers.  To prevent this effect, we utilized an unsupervised learning method called the Gaussian mixture model in the structure of the membership function. The proposed membership function is presented in two different categories distance-based and Bayes-based. Unlike the classical membership function, the contribution of outliers in the training phase decreased by diminishing their degree of importance.  Hybridizing the classic fuzzy support vector machine classifier with the Gaussian mixture model will enhance the classification accuracy and also will prevent overfitting problems. The superiority of the proposed methods assessed by the synthetic and benchmarking dataset. The statistical significance is assessed by using the non-parametric Friedman and post-hoc Nemenyi tests.
An analysis of the writing capacity of the students in Hortatory Exposure Text at First semester of the year English Study Program of the Counseling and Education Faculty

The aim of this research is to: 1) The students' ability to write text in hortatory exposures in the first semester of Nadhlatul Ulama Sunan Giri Bojonegoro English program; 2) the difficulties that students experience with the writing of hortatory exposure texts in the first half of Nadhlatul Ulama Sunan Giri Bojonegoro University's English program. This is a mixed form of analysis, which incorporates qualitative and quantitative research. The research participants are 22 representatives from Nadhlatul Ulama Sunan Giri Bojonegoro University's first semester program in English. The data were collected through testing and observation. toryTest has been done to assess students' ability to write the hortatory exposure text and the difficulties encountered by students' ability to write the hortatory exposure text in the first semester of the program of the Nadhlatul Ulama Sunan Giri Bojonegoro University and to recognize all student behaviors or behaviours in writing hortatory exposure. Students had difficulties in the content around 48.70%, in the organization 40.13%, in vocabulary of 38.57%, in grammar around 34.29% and mechanics around 22.85%. This means that students must learn more about the text on hortatory exposure.
Design Of Cnn Based Model For Handwritten Digit Recognition Using Different Optimizer Techniques

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is the well-known technique for feature extraction capability. But the poor selection and setup of design parameters restricts its performance during the training. The necessity of effective CNN design is required in various fields such as banking, security and in digital documentation to recognize the specific handwritten pattern. In this direction, we design a custom CNN model to precisely recognize the handwritten digit using different set of optimizers. The behavior of the presented approach has been experimented on the public MNIST dataset. The results show the effectivity of the model outperforms several state-of-the-art techniques in the presented field.
COVID-19 LOCKDOWN, RIGHT TO PERSONAL LIBERTY AND HEALTH ISSUES IN NIGERIA VIS-A-VIS THE ADVENT OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY: AN APPRAISAL

Public Health Emergencies have been characterised with several restrictions to the fundamental Rights of Citizens. Right to Freedom of Association and Movement, are limited as a measure to curb the spread of Infectious Diseases during public health crisis. Such restriction presents a challenge to citizens’ governance, political participation and access to Healthcare. This paper adopts the doctrinal approach in addressing the legal and policy framework for such restriction in time of health crisis. The paper discovers that the use of Information communications Technology during health emergencies bridges the gap in governance, citizen participation and adequate health care services delivery. The paper concludes by making far reaching recommendations on the need for the enactment of specific laws, which expressly provides for virtual or remote participation, E-governance and Ehealthcare during Public Health Emergencies.
Obsatacle Avoidance Robotic Vehicle Using Hc-Sr04 Ultrasonic Sensor

This paper reports regarding an self-determining hurdle avoiding robotic vehicle which is directed with help of a ultrasonic sensors . Arduino micro-controller manages the hurdle deviator and is constructed by the ultrasonic sensor. In front part of the deviator the ultrasonic sensors is  firmed . By help of the sensors held in front side deviator fetches the data . Thus the sensor recoginizes the hurdle and alters the way to choose the free way . The I/P is sent by sensing element to controller and compares by assistance of the controller to determine the motion of the obstacle deviator.
Taxonomy of memory usage in swarm intelligence-based metaheuristics

Metaheuristics under the swarm intelligence (SI) class have proven to be efficient and have become popular methods for solving different optimization problems. Based on the usage of memory, metaheuristics can be classified into algorithms with memory and without memory (memory-less). The absence of memory in some metaheuristics will lead to the loss of the information gained in previous iterations. The metaheuristics tend to divert from promising areas of solutions search spaces which will lead to non-optimal solutions. This paper aims to review memory usage and its effect on the performance of the main SI-based metaheuristics. Investigation has been performed on SI metaheuristics, memory usage and memory-less metaheuristics, memory characteristics and memory in SI-based metaheuristics. The latest information and references have been further analyzed to extract key information and mapped into respective subsections. A total of 50 references related to memory usage studies from 2003 to 2018 have been investigated and show that the usage of memory is extremely necessary to increase effectiveness of metaheuristics by taking the advantages from their previous successful experiences. Therefore, in advanced metaheuristics, memory is considered as one of the fundamental elements of an efficient metaheuristic. Issues in memory usage have also been highlighted. The results of this review are beneficial to the researchers in developing efficient metaheuristics, by taking into consideration the usage of memory.
PROBLEMS OF THUGGERY IN NIGERIAN DEMOCRATIC CULTURE AND WAY FORWARD

This paper focuses on the problem of thuggery in Nigerian democratic culture and suggests a way forward. Nigerian politics today has often been described as a “do or die affair”. The work is aimed at examining and providing a critical assessment of events that led to the issue of politicians trying to acquire position by all means. This was the predominant setting in which 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2015 and 2018 political campaigns and elections were conducted. The elections were carried out in almost every state of the federation amidst violence as political parties loyalists clashed with one another in what could best be described as armed political campaigns where hundreds of lives were lost.The paper, basically divided into five topics and captures the general introduction whichdiscuss the phenomenon of thuggery in the body politics of Nigeria. It consider and examines the reasons for the prevalent incidences of political thuggery particularly during and often re-run elections in the country. Many reasons, such as poverty and unemployment are advanced. The majority of youths in this Nation are jobless, with no means of livelihood. This makes them a willing tool for thuggery in the hands of desperate politicians. Other reasons are the phenomenon of the ruiling parties, lack of political ideology and principles and the absence of internal democracy in contemporary Nigerian political parties. These factors have largely encouraged dictatorship and arbitrariness among political leaders at different levels. It demonstrates the negative impact of thuggery in Nigerian democratic community, with particular reference to the administration of Olusegun Obasanjo ranging form 1999 – 2007 exemplified the role of thuggery in Nigerian democracy. Some effects of thuggery on the Nigerian democratic culture are also discussed and measures to curb the practice of thuggery in Nigerian democratic culture are suggested.
Type systems for programs respecting dimensions

Type systems can be used for tracking dimensional consistency of numerical computations: we present an extension from dimensions of scalar quantities to dimensions of vectors and matrices, making use of dependent types from programming language theory. We show that our types are unique, and most general. We further show that we can give straightforward dimensioned types to many common matrix operations such as addition, multiplication, determinants, traces, and fundamental row operations.
PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEMS OF WORKING ON CONCERT FOR PIANO AND ORCHESTRA BY DIMITAR NENOV IN THE CURRICULUM IN ORCHESTRA CONDUCTING BY PIANO

The Concert for piano and orchestra along with Rhapsodic fantasy is one of the two pinnacles in the work of Dimitar Nenov.Just like Rhapsodic fantasy, it is an undoubted masterpiece, a product the composer's mature creative years, which deserves to take place between the most valuable samples of European symphonism.However the piece remains relatively unknown even to the Bulgarian public, therefore its inclusion as part of the orchestra conducting curriculum gains ground as an important step for the popularization of the composition.In her monograph “The problem of the ecstatic opening in the work of Dimitar Nenov” the musicologist Zdravka Hvarkata defines the masterpiece as “an unique phenomenon оf the world’s musical literature” and backs her statement with numerous arguments, including the emphasis of “the peculiarities of the construction, which, in terms of types of development of the musical processes within the form, is a substantially new phenomenon”, “the originality of the piano techniques used in the piano part” and “the peculiar way in which the ecstatic opening manifests itself” (Hvarkata, 2012, p. 106).It can be categorically stated that each one of the characteristics of the Concert for piano and orchestra by Dimitar Nenov listed above has a direct relation to important and highly appreciated conductor’s abilities which students can acquire by working on the composition in the Orchestra conducting classes such as:- orientation in the full score and simultaneous tracking of the orchestra and piano parts,- convincing form development over time through detail analysis of its unique structural and procedural logic,- gradation of the grandious dynamic increases with good manual technique,- delicate tempo expressiveness (sense of rubato),- timbre thinking.All these abilities are important from the viewpoint of the professional growth of the students – their mastering is a leading factor for their complete formation as orchestra conductors.However, while students conduct the concert for whatever the aforementioned professional abilities should serve the main goal of recreating the unique aesthetical concept and the particularity of the ecstatic experience of the piece.
High capacity image steganography using LSB with modified binary addition on RGB indicator

Abstract Steganography is the practice of hiding information in the code that makes up digital files and preventing unwanted people from knowing the existence of hidden information. High-capacity steganography techniques have been successfully performed using LSB with binary addition method, but the quality can be improved using LSB with modified binary addition. By using binary addition, message insertion can be done with two bits at once in one insertion process. For six examples of images, the message insertion process is carried out using the binary addition method and modified binary addition method with the use of 100% capacity or using all pixel values of the image. Then the SSIM, MSE, and PSNR values are calculated from each test result. This study shows that the modified binary addition method has better quality than the binary addition method. The test results show that the binary addition method produces average SSIM, MSE, and PSNR values respectively 0.971743, 9.711678, and 38.26588. Meanwhile, modified binary addition resulted in the values of 0.993287, 2.112745, and 44.88844. These results indicate that the modified binary addition method produces better quality than binary addition while maintaining high message capacity.
Chavacano as a Medium of Instruction: Its Implications for the Reading Levels of English in Elementary School Pupils

This study aimed to determine the impact of Chavacano as a medium of instruction of reading skills in English of grade 3 Chavacano-speaker pupils. Specifically, it sought to find out the pupils’ performance in oral and silent reading. This research made use of the Descriptive Quantitative Research Design. The supplied answers of the respondents in the guided questions are used as qualitative data. The quantitative part was taken from the respondents’ scores on the oral and silent passages adapted from the Phil-IRI (Morris and Gunning, 2008). Based on the findings of this study it is concluded that one of the factors that influenced the students’ poor performance in reading in English is their negative perception and views about their L1 Chavacano. Their English teachers’ role could be one of the causes of this non-valorisation of their L1 in the English classroom. English teachers, to date, are still viewing the hegemony of the English language over Chavacano, hence, the existence of the multilingual policy which contradicts the principles set forth in the mother-tongue education law as mandated for Grade 1 to Grade 3 curriculum levels.