MASS PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIENCE OF SENSORY DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

A condition for the effectiveness of sensory development of primary school students is a critical study of the pedagogical experience of its organization. The importance of solving this problem is caused by the fact that school practice lays the foundation of pedagogical science and must take into account both modern scientific achievements and requirements of regulatory state documents. The purpose of the study is to highlight the mass pedagogical experience of sensory development of primary school students. To achieve this goal, written and oral interviews with teachers (questionnaires, interviews, talks) and observation of professional activities were used. It has been revealed that teachers are aware of the meaning of sensory development and distinguish its leading areas – the forming of vision, hearing and touch of schoolchildren; identify students’ typical difficulties in distinguishing mixed colors, complex shapes of objects, sonorous, hissing and whistling consonants, as well as in reproducing the nuances of coloring of objects, the relationship between size and spatial arrangement, inclined and rounded elements of letters, sequence of sounds in an audible word. At the same time, teachers are poorly oriented in the program material of perceptual development, admit insufficient awareness of the laws of sensory processes, and want to know more about the latest techniques and technologies of their forming. Observation of the real educational process allowed to establish a wide range of didactic influences used by educators in order to form different types of students’ perception. Teachers organize studies of colored objects, correcting children's verbal designations of colors and their shades; suggest exercises for superimposing objects of different shapes and sizes (arranging by size, placing figures in given proportions, etc.); form students' ideas about speech sounds (observation of the work of speech organs, modeling the properties of sounds with conditional chips, analysis of the phonetic structure of words, etc.); provide perception of musical works, demonstrate sounds of musical instruments and singing voices, use symbols to record the gradations of sounds in pitch, duration and volume, encourage students to reproduce the properties of musical sounds in singing and rhythmic movements; create conditions for touching objects made of different materials. However, teachers do not pay enough attention to distinguishing and naming color nuances, three-dimensional geometric shapes, symbols of voicedness and voicelessness of consonants, comparison of musical sounds by timbre qualities, and verbal characteristics of tactile sensory impressions. The conducted research proves that the mass pedagogical experience ensures the implementation of program requirements for improving the sensory sphere of primary school students, but shows a lack of teachers’ awareness of children's sensory processes and unstable motivation to solve problems of developing students’ perception. The prospect for further scientific research is to study the program, educational and methodological resources of forming the processes of perception in primary school students.