Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN SOLVING INEQUALITIES WITH A PARAMETER AND A MODULE

Solving equations and inequalities containing a parameter is probably one of the most difficult branches of elementary mathematics. This is due to the fact that the school tries to develop skills and abilities to solve a set of standard problems, often associated with technical algebraic transformations. Tasks with a parameter are of a different type. To solve them requires flexibility of thinking, logic in reasoning, the ability to analyze the situation well and completely. Ability to concisely and transparently write down solutions, go through all possible options and cases, apply graphical interpretations; allow to activate creative activity and thinking: develop skills of research activity as each task with a parameter is a small research. To solve problems with parameters requires a thorough knowledge of the properties of elementary functions, equivalent transformations of equations, inequalities and their systems. Such tasks are offered at the external evaluation as they allow to identify promising opportunities for participants to study in universities with a high level of requirements for mathematical training. However, solving them causes some difficulties for students. Difficulties are caused primarily by the fact that in the school course of mathematics they are given little attention, and at the standard level they are not present at all. Therefore, it is useless to hope that students who have not been trained in "tasks with parameters" will be able to achieve a positive result in a stressful atmosphere of passing the external evaluation.Experience shows that students who know the methods of solving problems with the parameter, successfully cope with other tasks. That is why the tasks with the parameter have diagnostic and prognostic value. In our opinion, the school should organize additional or optional classes for interested students to study the methods and techniques of solving problems with parameters. Experience shows that the greatest effect is given by three-stage training. In the first stage (individual), students try to solve problems on their own. In the second stage (group), during the classes, the achieved results are discussed and full solutions and characteristics of the methods by which these tasks were solved are given. In the third stage (individual-group) students independently come up with similar problems, which are solved using the learned techniques and in the classroom demonstrate their solution with subsequent discussion by the participants.
CSEC framework assessment dataset: Expert evaluations of cybersecurity skills for job profiles in Europe

This dataset contains expert assessments of the cybersecurity skills required for six job profiles in Europe, as determined via surveys responded by cybersecurity experts from academia and industry. The data can be used to identify educational needs in the cybersecurity sector and compare against other frameworks. The six cybersecurity-oriented job profiles used in the surveys are: General cybersec auditor; Technical cybersec auditor; Threat modelling engineer; Security engineer; Enterprise cybersecurity practitioner; Cybersecurity analyst. Data-i.e. expert assessments-was collected via surveys, targeted at European experts in cybersecurity from academia and industry. Respondents characterised the skills needed to perform in six job profiles using the CSEC+ framework: a cybersecurity skills framework prepared as a spreadsheet where cybersecurity skills must be ranked in a Likert scale from 0 (irrelevant) to 4 (advance knowledge needed). Metadata requested included the type of organisation of the respondent (Large company, SME, Academic/Research, Public administration, Other) and the country of origin. There were three data-collection phases: (1) an initial phase, used also to refine later larger-scale processes, carried out in Oct 2021-Jan 2022 and resulting in 13 expert assessments from four EU countries; (2) a second phase implemented as an online service broadcast to a larger audience, carried out in Mar-Apr 2022 and resulting in 15 assessments from eight European countries; (3) and a third phase, allowing direct online input and distributed in PC and mobile form, carried out in Sep-Oct 2022 and resulting in 32 assessments from ten European countries. The raw data gathered was stored and processed via spreadsheets, computing statistical information (mean, stdev) on how much each cybersecurity skill and area was deemed necessary to perform in each job profile. This is visualised as a heatmap where colour intensity symbolises value, and circle diffusion symbolises spread. Processed data further includes visualisations on how the area of origin of the respondent (academia, as in "producer of education", vs. industry, as in "consumer of education") influences the responses. This is shown as bar plots, where whiskers represent confidence intervals used for statistical-significance tests. This data can serve as basis to understand the educational needs for the cybersecurity sector in Europe. It can be reused for comparison against frameworks, other than CSEC+, to assess the need of education in specific cybersecurity sectors such as human security. Furthermore, the Qualtrics survey template (included) is a ready-made solution for replication studies.
DIGITAL MEANS OF VISIBILITY IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE BACHELOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

Over the past decade, the digitalization of the educational process has shaped the general structure of education around the world. The educational process should be loaded with digital technologies. Among such technologies, we single out virtual visualization tools, which are multimedia and interactive visualization tools that are implemented by ICT and help subjects of learning to acquire new knowledge and skills, support the process of active learning, model the behavior of real-world objects in the computer ( virtual) educational environment, contribute to the formation of cognitive abilities and an independent and creatively developed personality. Virtual images from simple sketches to complex 3D animation of mathematical systems play a crucial role in the teaching of informatics and mathematical disciplines, because in addition to providing illustrative visual-spatial information, visual representations can have a significant impact on the conceptual understanding of a concept or process. Lessons with the use of virtual visualization tools require significant preparatory work by the teacher. When using virtual visibility tools, you should distinguish between useful visual effects and unnecessary visual distractions, take into account the principles of creating multimedia. Relatively small changes in the design of visual representations can actually have a significant impact on the understanding of abstract mathematical or computer science material, leading to a noticeable difference in the performance of its application to problem solving. Lessons with the use of virtual visualization tools require significant preparatory activities of the teacher, the teacher must be able to use digital technologies, Internet resources, use various programs, in particular graphic editors, flesh-animations, web-editors, programs for creating presentations, programs for working with sound and video etc. Therefore, there is a need to prepare future teachers for the use of virtual visualization tools in their professional activities. Trends in the further development of the professionalism of future teachers of mathematics and informatics should be connected with the transition to a model of training specialists that would take into account the current trends in the development of information and digital technologies in education, among which the leading place is also occupied by means of virtual visibility.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF MATERIALS PROCESSING AS A COMPONENT OF STEM-EDUCATION IN THE CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS

The article is devoted to the problem of developing students' creative abilities when using elements of STEM education. Based on the analysis of scientific and methodical sources, it was established that, in view of the global processes of informatization and automation of production, the modern training of specialists requires the integration of new knowledge, the formation of creative skills, the development of critical and innovative thinking. Therefore, today, one of the key tasks of implementing the educational process is the formation of a modern, highly educated, highly cultured, creative personality. The task of forming the creative personality of the future specialist is solved by introducing new methods and learning technologies into the educational process, among which STEM education occupies a prominent place, which is a promising direction in the organization of the educational process aimed at the formation of integrated knowledge of students and the development of their creative potential. The article provides an example that shows which elements of STEM education are used in the technological training of future teachers of labor education and technology. In particular, when designing and manufacturing wood products, students need knowledge of natural sciences (properties of different types of wood), technology (wood processing using sawing, drilling, turning), engineering, design (ability to work with modern search engines, ability to perform sketches, develop drawings, use drawing tools, knowledge of the basics of artistic design, decoration of products), mathematics (ability to calculate the consumption of necessary materials). Therefore, when developing and manufacturing a future product, students have the opportunity to use the knowledge they know from various fields in new conditions and acquire new integrated knowledge. Such activities also contribute to the formation of a number of important personal abilities in students: the ability to see a problem, the ability to analyze, critically evaluate, develop the ability to evaluate, the ability to refine, the ability to painstakingly work hard to realize one's own idea, the development of strong-willed qualities, composure, perseverance. It is the use of elements of STEM education in the technological training of students that creates the conditions for using important interdisciplinary connections to achieve a positive result, and certainly contributes to the formation of the creative potential of future teachers.
Fish Image Classification Using Adaptive Learning Rate In Transfer Learning Method

The existence of fish species diversity in coastal ecosystems which include mangrove forests, seagrass beds and coral reefs is one of the benchmarks in determining health in coastal ecosystems. It is certain that we must maintain, preserve and care for so that conservation efforts need to be carried out in water areas. Many experts at the Indonesian Fisheries and Marine Research and Development Agency often classify fish images manually, of course it will take a long time, therefore with today's developments they can use the latest technology. One of the reliable techniques in terms of image classification is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). As time goes by, of course, many people want fast learning and solving new problems faster and better, so transfer learning appears, which adopts part of CNN, the name is modified convolution layer. Observing the needs of experts in the field of marine conservation, the researchers decided to solve this problem by using transfer learning modifications. The transfer learning used is an architectural model from the pre-trained Mobilenet V2, which is known for its light computing process and can be applied to our gadgets and other embedded tools. The research image data used is 49.281 data of various sizes and there are 18 types of fish, in the pre-processing data there is a resize of the image to a size of 224x224 pixels. testing with the modified transfer learning architectural model obtained an accuracy score of 99.54%, this model is quite reliable in classifying fish images.
Summarizing Stream Data for Memory-Constrained Online Continual Learning

Replay-based methods have proved their effectiveness on online continual learning by rehearsing past samples from an auxiliary memory. With many efforts made on improving training schemes based on the memory, however, the information carried by each sample in the memory remains under-investigated. Under circumstances with restricted storage space, the informativeness of the memory becomes critical for effective replay. Although some works design specific strategies to select representative samples, by only employing a small number of original images, the storage space is still not well utilized. To this end, we propose to Summarize the knowledge from the Stream Data (SSD) into more informative samples by distilling the training characteristics of real images. Through maintaining the consistency of training gradients and relationship to the past tasks, the summarized samples are more representative for the stream data compared to the original images. Extensive experiments are conducted on multiple online continual learning benchmarks to support that the proposed SSD method significantly enhances the replay effects. We demonstrate that with limited extra computational overhead, SSD provides more than 3% accuracy boost for sequential CIFAR-100 under extremely restricted memory buffer. Code in https://github.com/vimar-gu/SSD.
People and Places of Historical Europe: Bootstrapping Annotation Pipeline and a New Corpus of Named Entities in Late Medieval Texts

Although pre-trained named entity recognition (NER) models are highly accurate on modern corpora, they underperform on historical texts due to differences in language OCR errors. In this work, we develop a new NER corpus of 3.6M sentences from late medieval charters written mainly in Czech, Latin, and German. We show that we can start with a list of known historical figures and locations and an unannotated corpus of historical texts, and use information retrieval techniques to automatically bootstrap a NER-annotated corpus. Using our corpus, we train a NER model that achieves entity-level Precision of 72.81-93.98% with 58.14-81.77% Recall on a manually-annotated test dataset. Furthermore, we show that using a weighted loss function helps to combat class imbalance in token classification tasks. To make it easy for others to reproduce and build upon our work, we publicly release our corpus, models, and experimental code.
A Closer Look at In-Context Learning under Distribution Shifts

In-context learning, a capability that enables a model to learn from input examples on the fly without necessitating weight updates, is a defining characteristic of large language models. In this work, we follow the setting proposed in (Garg et al., 2022) to better understand the generality and limitations of in-context learning from the lens of the simple yet fundamental task of linear regression. The key question we aim to address is: Are transformers more adept than some natural and simpler architectures at performing in-context learning under varying distribution shifts? To compare transformers, we propose to use a simple architecture based on set-based Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs). We find that both transformers and set-based MLPs exhibit in-context learning under in-distribution evaluations, but transformers more closely emulate the performance of ordinary least squares (OLS). Transformers also display better resilience to mild distribution shifts, where set-based MLPs falter. However, under severe distribution shifts, both models' in-context learning abilities diminish.
Effect of maleic anhydride compatibilizer addition on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/cellulose acetate (CA) composites film

Environmental problems caused by the use of undegradable conventional plastics are still the major issue. According to the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) in 2021, plastic waste in Indonesia accumulated as much as 66 million tons per year and is expected to raise gradually. PLA and CA, derived from renewable resources, are biodegradable, thermoplastic, resistant to pressure, and are often used as raw materials for the manufacture of composite plastics. PLA is hydrophobic and CA is hydrophilic, so a compatibilizer is needed as a substance that can improve the mechanical properties, compatibility, and homogeneity of the resulting composite film. This research aims to obtain the ratio of PLA/CA and the concentration of maleic anhydride (MA) compatibilizer to produce PLA/CA composites film with good mechanical strength and according to packaging material standards. The method in this research is solvent casting by synthesizing composite films through sample preparation, modification of CA with MA, grafting of PLA/CA and MA, synthesis of composite films of PLA/CA and MA, as well as several characteristic tests. The results showed that the obtained films were identified as having PLA, CA, and MA, had a relatively smooth surface and were degraded at a temperature treatment of 543 o C. The best film was obtained from mass variations of PLA/CA and MA (6:4:1.5 gram) with a tensile strength of 7.38 MPa, and elongation at break reached 18.11% and met the packaging standard values by Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS).
Sources of Uncertainty in Machine Learning -- A Statisticians' View

Machine Learning and Deep Learning have achieved an impressive standard today, enabling us to answer questions that were inconceivable a few years ago. Besides these successes, it becomes clear, that beyond pure prediction, which is the primary strength of most supervised machine learning algorithms, the quantification of uncertainty is relevant and necessary as well. While first concepts and ideas in this direction have emerged in recent years, this paper adopts a conceptual perspective and examines possible sources of uncertainty. By adopting the viewpoint of a statistician, we discuss the concepts of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, which are more commonly associated with machine learning. The paper aims to formalize the two types of uncertainty and demonstrates that sources of uncertainty are miscellaneous and can not always be decomposed into aleatoric and epistemic. Drawing parallels between statistical concepts and uncertainty in machine learning, we also demonstrate the role of data and their influence on uncertainty.
WORK SHOP AS A FORM OF GROUP INTERACTION OF TEACHERS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF STUDENTS' RESEARCH DURING THEIR STUDY OF THE INTEGRATED COURSE "I EXPLORE THE WORLD"

The article examines the shortcomings of the autonomy of educational institutions for the improvement of teachers' self-education. One of the conditions for the need for mutual training of teachers is revealed - the gradual transformation of secondary schools into primary education institutions, gymnasiums and lyceums. The expediency of taking into account the main principles of modern educational management during the organization of teachers' self-education is shown. The article examines one of the forms of professional interaction of teachers in an institution of general secondary education. It is shown that the training of teachers is aimed at the formation of their research competences in accordance with modern regulatory requirements and expectations of the administration of the educational institution. The author's work shop algorithm is presented in the publication as a modern form of organizing interaction between primary and basic school teachers for the purpose of mutual learning and formation of research competences among teachers. The practical application by teachers of samples of author's algorithms regarding the organization of short-term research is demonstrated. The expediency of the formation of mixed groups of teachers for mutual learning by the school administration, which will include primary and basic school teachers who teach natural sciences, mathematics and computer science. The combination of individual and group work of teachers with the aim of solving a common task - organization of students' research activities while teaching the integrated course "I explore the world" in elementary school is demonstrated. The article reveals the peculiarities of teachers' organization of students' work, taking into account different levels of children's training and their level of independence. The role of the administration of the educational institution in conducting the workshop is revealed - monitoring the level of readiness of teachers for self-education, innovations according to their self-assessment. The peculiarities of the integration of educational material, the possibility of using modern digital equipment and electronic educational resources by the participants of the educational process are described for each of the stages of the workshop organization (preparatory, executive, final).
RANCANG BANGUN GRIPPER ROBOT MANIPULATOR 2 DOF KAPASITAS 1,25 KGF

Manipulator robots practically help human to move objects vertically, horizontally, or rotationally. The robot is generally divided into three components, namely arm, base, and gripper with servo motor drive. The aim of this study is to improve the previous gripper robot manipulator design so that it can move 2 DOF (Degree of Freedom) by adding 1 DOF located on the robot gripper, which in previous studies, the robot manipulator gripper was only able to move 1 DOF. In addition, after calculating using Von Mises theory, then design 2D components and this assembly using AutoCAD software. Next design 3D components and assembly using Autodesk Inventor application based on FEM (Finite Element Method). Will also make a tool in the form of a robot gripper which will later be tested for feasibility. Based on the calculating result, the minimum thickness of the most significant link is 5.1 mm. To make it easier to find plates and save costs, the thickness of all plates in each link is rounded up to 6 mm. From the result of the movement simulation, it is found that the gripper can move open, clamp and rotate, and from the FEM software result the Safety factor value = 3.58 &gt;3.0. Meanwhile, based on the result of the feasibility test, the gripper robot manipulator is feasible.