Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATERI ENERGI DAN PERUBAHANNYA

Based on the results of observations carried out in class III of SD Negeri Cimayang 01, Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency, for the 2023/2024 academic year, information was obtained that the learning process carried out was still teacher-oriented (Teacher Centered) and had not obtained optimal results. Students tend to be passive, tend to chat with their friends, are not able to express opinions and have no desire to ask questions. Meanwhile, the teacher in the learning process only uses the Direct Instruction (Lecture) learning model. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on learning outcomes in the material Energy and its Changes. This research method uses quasi-experimental research. Experimental research is defined as a research method used to find the effect of certain treatments on others under controlled conditions. This research was conducted three times in each class group. Sampling was carried out using a cluster random sampling technique, namely class IIIA (as Experiment Class) and class IIIB (as Control Class) with a total of 40 students. Data collection techniques used test, documentation and observation techniques. Research data was collected using an initial ability test (pretest) and final ability test (posttest). Based on the results of the N-Gain calculation in the experimental class, an average value of 58.03 (medium category) was obtained, which means that the implementation of learning was quite effective. Meanwhile, in the control class, an average score of 49.93 (medium category) was obtained, which means learning was quite effective. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the problem based learning model has an influence on learning outcomes regarding Energy and its Changes. This is shown by the value of tcount = 0.0339 while ttable = 0.05 with db 40. Thus it is known that tcount &lt;ttable, namely 0.0339 &lt;0.05, which means Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. This shows that there is a significant influence of the use of the problem based learning model on the learning outcomes of the Energy and Changes material for class III of SD Negeri Cimayang 01 Pamijahan, Bogor Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024.
UTILITY NFT: LEGAL ISSUES OF DECENTRALIZED SERVICES

With the popularity of metaverse, the number of questions about the legal framework of utility tokens has also grown. In this area, the application of blockchain allows us to generalize the experience of tokenization of services. A countertrend is the evolution of NFTs from digital image right authentication to a utility solution that allows consumers to benefit from the possession of rights in the community. A legal analysis of utility NFTs in the metaverse leads to the need to apply the provisions of securities law to tokenization services. However, possessing the features of digital rights, utility NFTs cannot always be the investment, which requires the exclusion of such tokens from the scope of regulation of the law on crowdfunding.
POST-WAR RECOVERY OF UKRAINE: THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCES

The purpose of the paper is to set out the place of education and human resources in the future development of Ukraine, particularly in the light of the post-war difficulties in rebuilding the country and further prospects. Methodology. The study is based on a comparison of PISA 2018 results, with different countries compared to Ukraine. PISA measures the ability of 15-year-old students to use their knowledge and skills in reading, mathematics and science to solve real-life problems. The results of the research showed that the Ukrainian education system has two main problems: low levels of mathematical literacy and deep inequalities in access to quality education depending on the place of residence and socio-economic status. Taking into account the PISA measurement system and the requirements of the modern economy, it is necessary to change the Ukrainian education system. Practical implications. Ukrainian teachers need to pay more attention to ensuring that students focus on the practical application of knowledge, question established opinions, engage them in open-ended tasks, make them critically analyse all the information they consume and express their opinions constructively. Value/Originality. Analysing the results of PISA and comparing them with other countries allows for a better understanding of what steps need to be taken to reform the education sector.
A Stochastic Approach Based on Rational Decision-Making for Analyzing Software Engineering Project Status

This study presents a novel approach to project status prediction in software engineering, based on unobservable states of decision-making processes, utilizing Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). By establishing HMM structures and leveraging the Rational Decision Making model (RDM), we encoded underlying project conditions; observed project data from a software engineering organization were utilized to estimate model parameters via the Baum-Welch algorithm. The developed HMMs, four project-specific models, were subsequently tested with empirical data, demonstrating their predictive potential. However, a generalized, aggregated model did not show any sufficient accuracy. Model development and experiments were made in Python. Our approach presents preliminary work and a pathway for understanding and forecasting project dynamics in software development environments.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS TOWARDS SPEAKING ABILITY AT THE FIRST SEMESTER OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS IN UNDIKMA

This study was meant to analyze the psychological factors that influence the speaking ability of first semester students of English Department students in UNDIKMA, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Psychology is the study of the nature of the human soul as well as its process. Psychology deals with the study of external behavior using objective observation methods for stimulation. In addition, there are some psychological factors that hinder students from speaking in English classes such as fear of making mistakes, shyness, anxiety, lack of confidence and lack of motivation. Those factors were commonly caused by their fear of being laughed at by their friends. Some psychological factors such as shyness and anxiety are considered as the main causes of students' reluctance to speak. This study was conducted in a qualitative approach. The population of this research was taken from A and B Classes from the first semester students of English Department students in UNDIKMA, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The sample of the study consisted of 30 students. The researchers determined some techniques as the data sources, namely observation, documentation, field notes and tests or interviews. The researchers found that the psychological factors that contribute toward students' speaking abilities are as follows: students who have a fear of making mistakes, shame, anxiety, have low self-confidence, and those have low motivation will make them reluctant to speak in English because they found difficulties in speaking English.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBER HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) PADA MUATAN IPS DI SDI OTOMBAMBA

This research is class action research (Class Action Research) which aims to improve social studies learning outcomes in class IV SDI Otombamba. The implementation of this research consisted of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and evaluation and reflection. The subjects in this research were 27 class IV students at SDI Otombamba, 14 male students and 13 female students. Data on the level of students' understanding of social studies subjects, material on natural appearance and socio-cultural diversity through giving tests at the end of the cycle. Data on student activity during the learning process is obtained from the results of observations filled in on the observation sheet. Data obtained from observations were analyzed qualitatively while data from sociology learning results were analyzed quantitatively. The research results showed that in the first cycle which was completed individually, only 11 students or 40.7% of the 27 students met the minimum completion criteria (KKM). Classically it has not been fulfilled because the average value obtained was 58.7. Meanwhile, in cycle II, 26 students or 96.7% had fulfilled the KKM and classically had been fulfilled, namely the average score obtained was 75.9. In cycle I, student learning outcomes were in the medium category. This means that student learning outcomes regarding subject matter have increased from the medium to high category. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the learning outcomes of SDI Otombamba students through the application of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model have increased.
Facial Expression Recognition in Classroom Environment Based on Attention Mechanism

In view of the lack of facial expression data set in the classroom environment, the classroom expression data set was constructed, including the acquisition and preprocessing of students’ face pictures, the selection of students’ emotional categories in the classroom environment and the labeling of pictures. Based on the Resnet50 network model, a network structure with attention module is proposed, so that it can focus on the feature parts that clearly represent the target emotion in facial images, so as to enhance the accuracy of facial emotion recognition. In order to verify the effect of the model presented in this paper, training tests were carried out on the common data set of expression Fer2013 and the classroom data set constructed in this article. The results show that the structural model presented in this paper has better recognition effect and can effectively enhance the accuracy of expression recognition.
The Application of VR Technology in Agricultural Cultural Restoration Projects

This article aims to introduce the overall design and specific implementation of the agricultural cultural heritage restoration project based on VR technology. We will expound on the overall design of agricultural culture restoration, including content planning, software selection, and technical routes for system implementation, and provide a detailed introduction to the agricultural element modeling based on Blender software, including the establishment of the basic scene and model elements of farming, the production of scene elements for farming display mode, the production of scene elements for farming interaction mode, and the design and model export of interactive farming tools. Finally, we introduce the implementation of virtual reality scenes, including the construction of virtual reality environments in the Unreal Engine5, the implementation of model import, lighting, reflection, and post-effects, the implementation of roaming and interactive functions, and the publication as an EXE file.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN PENGEMBANGAN E-HANDOUT BERBASIS PBL SEBAGAI SELF REGULATED LEARNING PADA MATERI VEKTOR

The current curriculum emphasizes the use of technology in the learning process. Advances in science and technology have had a significant impact on the implementation of education. e-handout is a summary of learning material presented online which can help teachers and make it easier to deliver learning material so that learning objectives can be achieved as formulated. The aim of this research is to see the feasibility of developing PBL-based e-handouts with self-regulated learning on vector topics. This research is development research using the ADDIE model. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire, namely a questionnaire to test the validity of material experts, language experts, and design experts. Based on the research results, it shows that material expert validation obtained an average of 91% with very feasible criteria, language expert validation obtained an average of 87.78% with very feasible criteria and based on the results of design expert validation obtained an average of 91.56% with very feasible criteria. . Thus, the development of PBL-based e-handouts with self-regulated learning on vector material has very good quality and is ready to be implemented more widely.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGUCAPAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DI KELAS VII SMP PEMETUNG (PENDEKATAN LINGUISTIK TERAPAN)

This research aims to analyze pronunciation errors in English learning in class VII Pemetung Middle School using an applied linguistics approach. This research used an observation method on class VII students at Pemetung Middle School. Observations were carried out to identify pronunciation errors that often occur. Data was collected from direct observation and then analyzed using applied linguistics concepts. The results of the study showed that there were various pronunciation errors made by class VII students at Pemetung Middle School. Some of the most common errors involve errors in pronunciation of consonants, vowels, as well as intonation. These errors are often caused by the influence of a student's native language or the influence of social media influencing the way they speak English. An applied linguistics approach is used to design learning strategies aimed at correcting these pronunciation errors. By applying this approach, students are taught how to use English phonological rules and are given special exercises to improve their pronunciation. This research contributes to the understanding of pronunciation errors in English learning at Pemetung Middle School and provides concrete solutions to improve students' ability to speak English correctly. In addition, this research also provides a more in-depth view of the application of the applied linguistics approach in teaching English in secondary education environments.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA GAMBAR

The aim of this research was to improve the English communication skills of the students of the second grade of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Darul Aminin NW Aikmual Central Lombok by using images media to determine the use of images media to improve speaking skills and determine students' speaking abilities after using images media. This research uses classroom action research (CAR). The results of the research are as follows. First, by applying images media can develop students' speaking skills. Students can communicate communicatively, orderly, well, and correctly, this can be seen after conducting classroom action research. Second, by applying images media to the learning process in order to improve students' speaking skills, it can be seen in the increase in the results of speaking skill scores. The subjects of this research were second grade of the students of Madrasah Tsanawiayah Darul Aminin NW Aikmual Lombok Tengah which consisted of 17 students consisting of boys and girls taken from 31 students in class B. The object of this research was the second grade of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Darul Aminin NW Aikmual Lombok Tengah.
A Survey on Masked Face Recognition Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ubiquitous adoption of masks has caused significant hurdles to conventional face recognition technologies and their applications. In order to address these problems, a great deal of research related to masked face recognition has been put forward. Although masked face recognition has made great progress, the review or summary about this field is scanty. Therefore, this paper proposed a survey on masked face recognition. Firstly, the datasets of MFR and the mainstream deep learning methods are introduced. In addition, some common evaluation metrics are explained. Finally, this paper discusses the potential challenges of MFR and make conclusion.
A Joint Extraction Method of Entity Relationship in Tourism Domain Based on Multi-Dimensional Features and Mixed Time Series

Aiming at the problems of entity nesting and relationship overlap in the process of tourism domain information extraction, a joint entity relationship extraction method based on multi-dimensional features and mixed time series was proposed. The relationship extraction model based on multi-dimensional features and mixed time series is constructed by coding layer, entity extraction layer and relationship extraction layer. In the coding layer, BiLSTM can better capture the bidirectional semantic dependence, and use the bidirectional long and short memory network to encode sentences in combination with word context information. Entity extraction layer uses CNN to classify annotated text data, relationship extraction layer integrates the representation ability of different dimensions for relationship extraction, and uses weighted dot product to calculate the loss of relationship extraction to improve the effect of relationship extraction. The experimental results show that the recall rate of the model in this paper is 97.46%, the accuracy is 97.18%, and the F1 value is close to 1. When the threshold is 0.41, the F1 value is 0.805, and the curve reaches the inflection point, then the model has the best effect. The problem of entity nesting and relationship overlap is solved effectively.
Optimal Allocation of Resources for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Universities Based on PSO Algorithm

Innovation and entrepreneurship (IAE) education in universities is an important way to promote IAE among college students. In order to improve the quality of IAE education in universities, it is necessary to optimize the allocation of its resources. Through the analysis of IAE education resources in colleges and universities, this paper combined PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) to optimize the allocation of resources, and achieved certain results in practical applications. This paper studied the resource allocation model, defined the optimization objective function, and used PSO for optimization calculation. Experimental data showed that when the number of iterations was 100, it took the longest time, but the optimization effect was the best. The optimization scheme of PSO can effectively improve the effect of IAE practice in colleges and universities, thus promoting the cultivation of students’ innovation spirit and entrepreneurial ability, and providing an effective optimization idea for colleges and universities.
An Improved Coati Optimization Algorithm Based on Multi-Strategy

To solve the problems of the original Coati Optimization Algorithm with low exploration ability, insufficient exploitation ability and easy to fall into local optimum, an improved coati optimization algorithm based multi-strategy is proposed. Firstly, the initial solution traversal is improved through Circle chaotic mapping to lay the foundation for global search; secondly, the local optimum is jumped out through Lévy flight to improve the global search ability of the algorithm; finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using numerical analysis and convergence analysis in comparison with four algorithms such as PSO and WOA. The experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper has better search accuracy and convergence speed and has better performance in solving high-dimensional problems.
An Improved Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Based on Clustering Optimization and Interest Migration

The collaborative filtering technique is widely used in recommendation systems across a variety of fields. However, it faces problems such as data sparsity and user interest drift, making it difficult to generate high-quality recommendations. In this paper, we use a Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm that combines item attributes to cluster items, add a time weight factor to the similarity calculation based on the Ebbinghaus forgetting function, and then find the nearest neighbor set by applying an improved similarity formula to generate recommendation results. The empirical results show that: (1) the Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm used in this paper that combines item attributes can effectively improve the recommendation results, and is able to find a more accurate nearest neighbor set compared to traditional methods; (2) The improved time weight function based on the Ebbinghaus forgetting function can adjust the weights of items at different times, which can effectively improve the problem of user interest drift.
A Novel Heuristics for the Strong Generalized Minimum Label Spanning Tree Problem

The strong generalized minimum label spanning tree problem (SGMLSTP) is to search the minimum label spanning tree (MLST) from an Edge-labeled graph (ELG), in which each edge is associated with one or more labels. SGMLSTP is commonly existed in reality and proven NP-hard. In recent years, researchers have proposed some algorithms; however, high computational costs are still severe obstacle, especially for large size graphs. In this paper, we propose a novel heuristics to solve SGMLSTP. We decompose the problem into two sub-problems, one is to search a connected subgraph with minimum labels from the original graph, the other is to search a spanning tree from the subgraph. As the latter sub-problem is solved, we focus on the former sub-problem and propose a community-based zigzag piloting algorithm: Firstly a label graph is derived from the original edge-labeled graph; then the label graph is partitioned and some label community (or community combinations) is chosen to form an initial solution; finally, the zigzag piloting process is applied to refine the initial solution. Label partition finds the initial solution quickly, the zigzag piloting process improves solution refinement. Experimental results on typical benchmark datasets show better effectiveness and performance of our algorithm than that of the state-of-the-art algorithms.
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN GURU DAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SD INPRES 01 PANIKI BAWAH

The ability of teachers and the use of learning media in learning at school can improve student learning outcomes. This research measures the influence of teacher abilities and the use of learning media on student learning outcomes (case study of all grade IV students at SD Inpres 01 Paniki Bawah). The problem in this research is what is the influence of teacher ability and use of learning media on the learning outcomes of grade 4 students at SD Inpres 01 Paniki Bawah? The aim of this research is to determine whether there is an influence of teacher ability and use of learning media on the learning outcomes of grade 4 students at SD Inpres 01 Paniki Bawah. This research approach is a quantitative approach. The population and sample in this study were 69 people who were obtained from the number of students in class IV of SD Inpres 01 Paniki Bawah. The data collection technique is carried out by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis uses simple and multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that there is a significant influence between teacher ability and the use of learning media on student learning outcomes.