Asociación entre bullying-ciberbullying y conducta suicida en adolescentes de colegios públicos y privados de la ciudad de Piura

RESUMEN En este trabajo se determino  la asociacion entre bullying-ciberbullying y conducta suicida en adolescentes en etapa escolar de colegios mixtos de la ciudad de Piura durante los meses de julio a diciembre del 2016. Se realizo un estudio de corte transversal en una poblacion de 289 adolescentes, que cursaban los grados de primero, tercero y quinto de secundaria de tres colegios mixtos de la ciudad de Piura. Se aplico el cuestionario de Plutchik para riesgo suicida y otros cuestionarios para factores asociados. Los resultados indicaron que el 35,1% de adolescentes presento deseos pasivos de morir, 28,9% pensamientos suicidas, 13,1% planeamiento suicida, 15,8% intento suicida. La prevalencia de ciberbullying fue de 41.8% en los adolescentes escolares y el 40% cibervictimizacion, el tipo mas frecuente de ciberbullying. La prevalencia de bullying de 70% en los adolescentes escolares y el 68% de victimizacion, el tipo mas frecuente de bullying. Se identifico un 40,2% de adolescentes (115) con sintomatologia depresiva, de los cuales 8,9% (26) presentan segun la escala de depresion de Beck: depresion moderada, 4,5% (13) depresion grave y 0,7% (2) depresion extrema. Segun la escala de Plutick, se identifico riesgo de suicido en un 19,9% (58) de los adolescentes en etapa escolar.  El analisis multivariado arrojo que las variables que mejor predicen la presencia de una conducta suicida en adolescentes en etapa escolar son la edad (OR: 1,23), ser victima de bullying (OR: 1,13), el sexo femenino (OR: 3,31), el nivel de depresion (OR: 2,54) medido por la escala de Beck y el riesgo de suicidio (OR: 8,30) medido por la escala de Plutick. Se concluye que los adolescentes en etapa escolar de colegios mixtos de la ciudad de Piura que presentan mayor asociacion a conducta suicida son adolescentes de sexo femenino, victimas de bullying o ciberbullying, con sintomatologia depresiva.Palabras claves: Conducta Suicida, bullying, ciberbullying ABSTRACT In this work, the association between Bullying-Cyberbullying and Suicidal Behavior was determined in adolescents in mixed-school schools in the city of Piura. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 289 adolescents, who attended the 1st, 3rd and 5th grades of secondary school in three mixed schools in the city of Piura. The Plutchik questionnaire for suicide risk and other questionnaires for associated factors were applied. The results indicated that 35.1% of adolescents presented passive desires to die, 28.9% suicidal thoughts, 13.1% suicidal planning, 15.8% attempted suicide. The prevalence of Cyberbullying was 41.8% in school adolescents, with cyberbulimization 40%; the most frequent type of cyberbullying. The prevalence of bullying of 70% in school adolescents, with victimization being the most frequent type of bullying 68%. We identified 40.2% of adolescents (115) with depressive symptoms, of which 8.9% (26) presented according to the Beck depression scale: Moderate Depression, 4.5% (13) Severe Depression and 0, 7% (2) Extreme Depression. According to the Plutick scale, Suicide Risk was identified in 19.9% (58) of school-age adolescents. The multivariate analysis showed that the variables that best predict the presence of suicidal behavior in school-age adolescents are: age (OR: 1.23), being a victim of bullying (OR: 1.13) female sex (OR: 3.31), level of depression (OR: 2.54), measured by the Beck scale and the risk of suicide (OR: 8.30), as measured by the Plutick scale. It is concluded that adolescents in mixed school age in the city of Piura who have a greater association to suicidal behavior are female adolescents, victims of bullying or cyberbullying, with depressive symptoms.Keywords: Suicidal Behavior, Bullying, Cyberbullying.