Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da irradiação solar utilizando modelo BRASIL-SR em condições de céu claro

Smoke aerosol plumes generated during the biomass burning season in Brazil suffer long-range transport, resulting in large aerosol optical depths over an extensive domain. As a consequence, downward surface solar irradiance, and in particular the direct component, can be significantly reduced. Accurate solar energy assessments considering the radiative contribution of biomass burning aerosols are required to support Brazil's solar power sector. This work presents the 2nd generation of the radiative transfer model BRASIL-SR, developed to improve the aerosol representation and reduce the uncertainties in surface solar irradiance estimates in cloudless hazy conditions and clean conditions. Two numerical experiments allowed to assess the model's skill using observational or regional MERRA-2 reanalysis AOD data in a region frequently affected by smoke. Four ground measurement sites provided data for the model output validation. Results for DNI obtained using δ-Eddington scaling and without scaling are compared, with the latter presenting the best skill in all sites and for both experiments. An increase in the relative error of DNI results obtained with δ-Eddington optical depth scaling as AOD increases is evidenced. For DNI, MBD deviations ranged from -2.3 to - 0.5%, RMSD between 2.3 and 4.7% and OVER between 0 and 5.3% when using in-situ AOD data. Overall, our results indicate a good skill of BRASIL-SR for the estimation of both GHI and DNI.
AVALIAÇÃO DE MODELOS UTILIZADOS NA ESTIMATIVA DA RADIAÇÃO DIFUSA NA RESOLUÇÃO DOS MINUTOS PARA UMA CIDADE DE BAIXA LATITUDE

The simulation of photovoltaic and thermal systems requires accurate knowledge of the incident radiation on the plane of photovoltaic modules and thermal collectors. The diffuse and direct components are often not measured, making it necessary to decompose global horizontal irradiance into the other components for subsequent transposition to the inclined plane. In the present study, twelve separation models were applied to Petrolina, located in the Brazilian semiarid region. All separation models were evaluated for data at minute resolution, providing a better description of the radiation behavior. Statistical comparison was performed for the diffuse component using mean bias error, root mean square error, the ratio of standard deviations, correlation, and skill score. Taylor diagram provided a graphical analysis of statistical metrics. Engerer, Perez and Skartveit models presented the best results for Petrolina (latitude 9.11ºS) with a correlation between 0.85 and 0.88 and skill score between 0.72 and 0.77, corroborating with previous results obtained for Skartveit model at hourly resolution and Engerer and Perez at minute resolution for locations with similar climate.
GERAÇÃO DE SÉRIES SINTÉTICAS DE RADIAÇÃO SOLAR A PARTIR DE DADOS DE INSOLAÇÃO HORÁRIA NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

Solar radiation series are fundamental for the design of photovoltaic solar projects. A continuous heliogram method of generating a solation database. The hourly insolation data from 13 climatological stations served for the fit data of the Angströn-Prescott model and more accurately projected the forecast of solar fit data. The performance model of the modified Prescott-Values model became explicit the best performance of the proposed method in order to estimate a global radiation. In this way, the proposed method can be carried out in locations that are not considered to have more designed equipment in the case of measurements performed by pyranometers. In addition to showing that the data contained in the heliogram has more efficiencies capable of being explored and used in the context of generating series of solar radiation with much greater.
COMPARAÇÃO ESTATÍSTICA DA IRRADIAÇÃO SOLAR INCIDENTE ENTRE AS CIDADES DE NATAL/RN E APODI/RN DURANTE O VERÃO

Given the small annual variation of solar irradiance in certain places in the Brazilian Northeast, and given the importance of this meteorological variable for human development sectors, such as the photovoltaic energy industry, this work to compare solar radiation data from Natal/RN stations (5.837°S; 35.208°W) and Apodi/RN (5.63°S; 37.81°W) during the austral summer of the years between 2010 and 2020, to present possible potentials for solar power generation. Simple statistical methods were applied to both series, such as dispersive measures, and others. The presence of several outliers was observed in both series. As a result, insignificant differences were obtained between the values from Natal and Apodi, so that the maximum values corresponded to 7860 Wh/m2 and 7903 Wh/m2, respectively. The medians were equivalent to 6886 Wh/m2 for Natal and 6708 Wh/m2 for Apodi. Since the difference in maximum values, medians, means, standard deviation, variances and coefficients of variance betweens the two series were equal to 1%, 3%, 3%, 6%, 11% and 12%, respectively, it is concluded that the incidences of solar radiation for the locations were statistically similar during the austral summer. Thus, Apodi was introduced as a potential for the generation of solar energy when compared to Natal.
MÉTODOS DE PREVISÃO SOLAR INTRA-HORA

Solar-radiation based generation technologies, such as photovoltaic systems and solar energy concentrators, depend heavily on the direct incidence of solar radiation. This resource, on the Earth's surface, varies according to the shading conditions by the clouds. Clouds are capable of drastically reducing direct solar irradiance in a few minutes, bringing abrupt unplanned variations in the generation, so it can experience a drastic reduction in a short period of time depending on the cloud's opacity. Therefore, in order to increasingly allow the introduction of these intermittent technologies in the electrical distribution networks, it is necessary to predict interruptions in the energy generation by cloud shading, for a better management of the network in order to bring reliability of energy distribution. The purpose of this work was to develop a systematic review of the bibliography and a bibliometric analysis on short-term solar forecasting, based on articles present in the Scopus and Web of Science databases with a combination of keywords, to know the main methods that have been discussed, the main researchers in the area, where is this research being developed and how far is the research about the predictions. With this study, it was possible to verify the deficiency about the evaluation of the efficiency of the solar forecasting methods studied here, as they are not able to quantify the system's precision and accuracy in absolute terms. It was also found that by adding AI, the efficiency analysis requires a deeper study. In bibliometrics, it was found that short-term solar forecasting is a very current topic, and that currently the reference countries in the study of this topic are the United States and China.
CLASSIFICATION OF CYTOLOGICAL IMAGES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS USING DEEP LEARNING

Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are an important part of the immune system and represent a group of cells that protect the body from infections. The classification of leukocytes is widely used to diagnose various diseases, such as AIDS, leukemia, myeloma, anemia and others. However, traditional methods of classification of leukocytes require a lot of time, and their results are prone to errors. The article implements a computer approach to classification and detection of white blood cells on images of blood cells using deep learning methods based on the application of the method of transferring deep learning models and finetuning them. Deep learning has become one of the most popular areas of artificial intelligence. There are many neural network architectures used in deep learning in solving computer vision problems. The purpose of this study is to develop a computer system for efficient automatic detection and classification of leukocytes of four types of blood cells: eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils. This article used popular models of accurate neural networks VGG16, ResNet50, DensNet201, MobileNetV3, InceptionResnetV2, pretrained on ImageNet and finetuned on WBC images dataset.The paper also proposes a custom model of a deep neural network using separable convolutional blocks SeparableConv2D in its architecture. The model is optimized using methods of preprocessing normalization and data augmentation. The is model gave classification metrics of accuracy = 98.84 %, precision = 99.56 %, recall = 98.89 % and f1-score = 99.22 %. The developed model allows, in most cases, to determine with high speed whether a leukocyte belongs to one of the four classes in the image, which indicates the possibility of using the system as an auxiliary tool for hematological blood analysis.
Federated Multi-Task Learning: An Overview and Quantitative Evaluation

In recent, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a potential solution for large-scale distributed system networks, owing to the explosive growth of network devices and data. Despite FL’s numerous benefits, it suffers from statistical and system heterogeneity while training machine learning models. In this context, multi-task learning (MTL) is a suitable solution for dealing with the statistical challenges of federated settings. In other words, MTL has the capability to use knowledge from numerous related tasks which can enhance the generalization performance of all tasks. In this study, we provide a survey for federated multi-task learning (FMTL) from the standpoint of MTL techniques that are adopted in FL. More precisely, a classic definition of MTL is provided from the viewpoint of algorithmic modeling, and after that, the use-cases of two widely popular MTL techniques i.e., deep MTL technique and non deep MTL technique in three well-known FL categories: centralized, distributed, and hierarchical are discussed. Finally, several case studies in the form of numerical simulation are presented in this study.
DESEMPENHO DE UM SISTEMA FOTOVOLTAICO EM DEZ CIDADES BRASILEIRAS COM DIFERENTES ORIENTAÇÕES DO PAINEL

Grid connected photovoltaic systems are becoming more viable to produce electricity in Brazil. The systems are an intermittent energy source that depends on several variables. The project, analysis and dimensioning of such systems is usually performed with the aid of computer simulation programs. A simple analysis does permit to study the relation and impact of different variables, including the influence of tilt angle and azimuth angle on the annual energy generated by the system. The computer tool developed by NREL, SAM (System Advisor Model) was used to simulate a grid connected photovoltaic system of 1500 W in ten Brazilian cities. The tilt angle was varied from 0 to 90° and the azimuth angle was varied 360° covering the most important angles with smaller steps. The results indicated a considerably range of angles where the annual energy varies around 1% comparing to the standard orientation, i.e., the panel pointing north and tilt angle set to the local latitude. The methodology can be employed to verify if the east or west orientation is preferable. The results are obtained using a climate file as input, and the simulation performance of the system includes all components, not only the available solar energy at the particular angle. There are no general answers to the best angle valid in all cases; therefore each one must be simulated with a reliable climate files with solar radiation data from several years. The demand of the installation of solarimetric stations around the country is mandatory to improve the reliability of the photovoltaic projects.
EFEITO DE SOMBREAMENTOS NO DESEMPENHO DE UMA USINA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA

On large scale photovoltaic systems it is common the occurrence of blockages of the direct solar radiation from one string of photovoltaic modules on another. This problem becomes worse at higher latitudes, since near the winter solstice, the solar altitude stays too low, causing the shadows to be cast on a much larger area, imposing the necessity of large distance between the photovoltaic string. The case analyzed by this work has an additional complexity: the studied power plant will be installed on the top of two buildings which present shed roofs with different heights. So, the ideal disposition for the PV modules on the available space is not trivial, and computational tools were used to help on that choice. Different alternatives for the positioning are studied, taking into account the shading that occurs with each of the modules during the year. The results indicated even though it needs the use of more sheds, the alternative with less modules on each shed can lead to an increase from the order of 5% to 7% on the yearly energy production, comparing to the configuration which uses all the width of each shed.
SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO NO PLANEJAMENTO DE PROJETOS DE ENERGIA FOTOVOLTÁICA NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO

The use of remote sensing and GIS have been used to detect areas of potential renewable energy generation. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for use of data from remote sensing in planning photovoltaic energy projects in the State of Maranhão. Solar radiation data was obtained from global basis GLDAS and rainfall from the TRMM satellite, from 2001 to 2014. The radiation data were processed through the time series analysis technique called Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The photovoltaic power generation potential was simulated considering 20 photovoltaic module system, each one with a nominal power of 45Wp. A regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between radiation and precipitation. Finally, the Mann Kendall’s test was performed to evaluate trends in radiation and precipitation data. By PCA were identified two homogeneous zones in relation to radiation, lower in the far northwest region (Amazon biome) and the largest in North midwest-south region of the state, corresponding to the Savanna. Rainfall represented 21.3% in the annual variation of radiation in the Amazon region and 31.2% in the region corresponding to Savanna. The Savanna region showed the highest solar radiation values and the lowest values were recorded in the Amazon region. By Mann Kendall test, starting in 2001, there was a positive linear trend of increase in the monthly average incident solar radiation in the Amazon region (Kendall's tau = 0.2173, p &lt;0.0001) and in the Savanna region (Kendall's tau = 0.1651, p = 0.0011). Analyses showed a favorable scenario for the production of solar energy in the state of Maranhao, with a low climate risk due to the trend in increased radiation, but an increase in rainfall can cause a significant drop in energy production.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FERRAMENTA COMPUTACIONAL PARA A ESTIMATIVA DA PRODUÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA ATRAVÉS DE SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICO

The growth of PV solar power in the country becomes fundamental the use of computer tools to development projects, for large solar plants (for compliance with recent auctions) and for small generators through distributed generation. These softwares help the designer in making the sizing of systems as well as in forecast energy output generated by it and thus, get a perspective payback time of the investment in order to realize or not the solar project. In this work, the Jaíba Solar software, version 1, is presented which is a computational tool developed in order to generate energy information for carrying out the pre-feasibility of photovoltaic projects facilitating the designer to analyze, beforehand, the power generation of a system, for any Brazilian locality, and thus make decisions for the viability of it. Thus, it was study and implemented various mathematical models in software, and their uncertainties, and conducted simulations and comparisons with the results generated by PVsyst 6.24 software.
METODOLOGIA PARA A AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE GERAÇÃO FOTOVOLTAICA EM ÁREAS URBANAS E SUA APLICAÇÃO NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELO HORIZONTE

Due to the increasing penetration of renewable energy conversion technologies, especially photovoltaic technology and advent of new regulations applied to distributed generation (DG's) through photovoltaic systems connected to the grid (SFCR's), there is a promising field for the expansion of Brazilian energy matrix. Although from this point of view, studies need to be able to measure reliably tools the exact amount of energy potential represented by sunlight converted into electricity through the grid PV systems. In this paper, it will be described a method for evaluation of the potential of photovoltaic generation in urban areas, it is based on statistical analysis, and it was applied their application in the region metropolitan of Belo Horizonte (RMBH). The focus of the methodology proposed is to estimate the total area of rooftops available for the installation of photovoltaic modules, which will be achieved by means of statistical sampling, extrapolating the results to the entire region. Finally, the analysis, it is expected to obtain data on RMBH the energy potential over a typical year, has been done with the help of solarimetric measured data for the region, and to estimate the potential installed grid PV systems .
The Impact of Metaverse on Graphic Design

This paper will look at how the metaverse is revolutionizing graphic design by enabling collaborative design processes, creating immersive virtual environments, and introducing unique challenges and opportunities for graphic designers. The metaverse revolutionizes graphic design through collaborative processes and immersive virtual environments, presenting unique challenges and opportunities for designers. Graphic designers can delve into the creation of immersive and interactive digital environments, design virtual avatars and 3D objects, and contribute to the development of visually stunning landscapes that will define the metaverse. They must adapt their skills and techniques to convey information and captivate users within this new medium effectively. In addition, graphic designers working in the metaverse must be mindful of ethical considerations related to inclusivity, accessibility, cultural sensitivity, and privacy. They should strive to create designs that are inclusive, accessible, and culturally sensitive, while also ensuring the privacy and security of user data. Overall, the metaverse presents graphic designers with new challenges and opportunities. They must continuously update their knowledge and skills to stay at the forefront of technological advancements in order to create compelling and impactful designs in the metaverse.
VARIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DE MÓDULOS FOTOVOLTAICOS COM A IRRADIÂNCIA

Preliminary estimations for production of electrical power with photovoltaic systems usually consider the efficiency of solar modules as constant regarding the solar irradiance. It is seen on the literature that this assumption is not verified on real systems, and that a more accurate evaluation should include a variation of the efficiency with irradiance. In this work, the dependence of the efficiency of photovoltaic modules on the irradiance is studied, at first with a theoretical analysis based on the single diode model, commonly used for the representation of photovoltaic systems, and later based on experimentation. For this practical analysis, several modules from different technologies were tested on a solar simulator which allows the variation of the irradiation level. The efficiency of each of the modules was evaluated on 20 levels of irradiance, allowing a study of its behavior and a set of coefficients for a proposed equation was determined. Comparisons between experimental results and the theoretical analysis demonstrated agreement on the high irradiance regions, and that the model fails to predict the behavior on lower irradiances. This adversity is known on the literature, and alternative models to overcome it are discussed.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE CURVAS DE RADIAÇÃO SOLAR GLOBAL TEÓRICAS COM HISTÓRICOS SOLARIMÉTRICOS

This present study developed in software analyze the extraterrestrial radiation on horizontal and inclined surface from simulated curves of solar declination, zenith, azimuthal and solar height angle, comparing with solarimetric data from meteorological stations at studied locations. Based on spherical trigonometry, the definition of zenith, solar height and radiation angle functions are experimented by simulation at MATLAB environment, being developed in order to the creation of a program which can plot radiation estimates for a particular locality as the user inputs. The tested curves show the parameters tested throughout the day and year. In addition, comparing the curves with history raised by solarimetric measurement institutes, it analyzes the theoretical setting with data to assess the statistical coefficient of determination of the plots. The curves, according to an application, will support solar tracker projects at photovoltaics at better exploitation of solar energy, being relevant at the graduation of engineers and/or future researchers, thus meeting the educational demand from courses in Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Bachelor in Physics at Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão – IFMA.
VARIABILIDADE DA IRRADIAÇÃO SOLAR EM ESCALA DE MINUTO NO ESTADO DE ALAGOAS

The development of this research was performed from the collected data of global solar irradiation in five localities of Alagoas during the years of 2008 and 2009. They are: "Água Branca", Coruripe, "Pão de Açúcar", "Palmeira dos Índios" e "Santana do Ipanema". To obtain the data of each locality ( solarimetric station) it was used a global solar irradiation sensor, the black and white pyranometer. This sensor was mounted on a metal structure of three meters high on a fixed axis and positioned in north-south direction, avoiding possible shading. The storage of the global solar irradiance data was performed using a data acquisition system with storage capacity of about 50 days. Data were analyzed according to the power variability, called in this paper by the term "ramp rate". The results of this "ramp rate" can have positive or negative values. In this paper the negative results were analyzed, as are caused by shading due to clouds moving over the sensor. The negative results of ramp rates were operated on time scales 1,5,10,15,30,60,120 and 180 minutes. The higher power ramps are observed in smaller time scales, 1 to 5 minutes. For the time scales above 15 minutes, the ramps are concentrated in the range of 0 to 50 W/(m2.min). The locality of Pão de Açúcar presents the smallest totalized annual average of ramps. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is the best locality for a possible installation of a solar plant if this is the only aspect considered.
MODELOS DE ESTIMATIVA DA RADIAÇÃO GLOBAL EM FUNÇÃO DA RAZÃO DE INSOLAÇÃO E DA RADIAÇÃO DIFUSA EM FUNÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE CLARIDADE (KT) PARA A CIDADE DE BRASÍLIA

The knowledge of the temporal availability of solar radiation in a particular region is essential for any project involving solar energy, because for a good dimensioning of a generator set, the local knowledge of radiation is critical. Due to the high cost of the measurements of solar radiation, because of the instrumentation equipment, the estimation models of solar radiation at data easily measured, has became a alternative feasible and trustworthy. [...]