Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Iterative Refinement to Improve Data Quality and Label Consistency by Synergizing Parsimony Model Guidance and Physician Interaction

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Clinical data and labeling are usually noisy and uncertain. Modeling based on such inconsistent data risks overfit and may generate faulty insight on prominent features and regression relationships. We hypothesize inter-sample consistency serves as a rational surrogate for data quality and can be used to guide improvement, in the absence of an absolute ground-truth. To this end, we aim to synergize a deep-learning setting and an iterative interactive refinement procedure for label refinement. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> We proposed a novel approach by guiding physician-approved label perturbation with parsimonious deep network modeling. The proposed procedure alternates between fitting a parsimonious deep network model to human labels and guiding the human observer to review the labels to identify ill-fitted examples to perform label refinement when appropriate. Convergence is claimed when further iteration stops to produce clinically pronounced improvement, as defined from a statistical equivalence test. To evaluate the efficacy of the refinement, input-output agreement index (IOAI) based on partial ranking consistency is also calculated. We took as a use case in segmenting the lumen and vessel wall from MR vessel wall imaging (VWI) from 80 patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease, on four locations with high likelihood of plaque presence: the intracranial internal carotid artery, the middle cerebral artery, the intracranial vertebral artery, and the basilar artery. Each segment contained 30 contiguous 2D cross-sectional slices with 0.55 mm slice thickness and 0.10 mm in-plane resolution. A lightweight 2.5D segmentation network was used as the low-dimensional model, and equivalence criterion was defined by one-sided superiority threshold of 0.03 in Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) based on reported performance from existing study. Clinical soundness was further assessed with the variation in normalized wall index as a quantitative imaging index, expected to low if segmented structures were piecewise smooth conforming to clinical insight. <h3>Results</h3> 5-fold cross validation based on the 80*4*30 slice samples showed enhanced modeling performance and better conformality to clinical insight with the final labels. In this use case, DSC improved from 0.893±0.108 to 0.938±0.078 for lumen, from 0.806±0.086 to 0.879±0.072 for vessel wall, the total variation in normalized wall index decreased from 0.757±0.181 to 0.586±0.182, and the input-output agreement index increased from 0.523 to 0.556 by the proposed refinement procedure. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that inconsistency in clinical labels and physiological limitations can be addressed with an iterative interactive process with parsimonious modeling, taking advantage of flexibility from deep networks. The rationale generalizes to other label settings and tasks.
Studies and guidelines for two concurrent stroke gestures

This paper investigates thumb-index interaction on touch input devices, and more precisely the potential of two concurrent stroke gestures , i.e . gestures in which two fingers of the same hand concurrently draw one stroke each. We present two fundamental studies, one using such gestures for two-dimensional control, by precisely drawing figures, and the other for command activation, by roughly sketching figures. Results give a first analysis of user performance on 35 gestures with a varying complexity based on numbers of turns and symmetries. All 35 gestures, were grouped into six families. From these results we classify these families and propose new guidelines for designing future mobile interfaces. For instance, favouring anchored gestures (forefinger drawing while the thumb remains still on the surface) to increase input bandwidth when forefinger precision is required. • One empirical study on touch devices, evaluating precision of 30 concurrent stroke gestures categorised into 5 families. • A second empirical study evaluating recognition on the same gestures set. • A detailed analysis which helped deriving sets of guidelines for usable interaction modes.
Accuracy of Prostate Segmentation on Synthetic MR Images Generated from CT Scans Using a Novel Generative Adversarial Network for High-Dose-Rate Prostate Brachytherapy

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> For patients undergoing prostate HDR brachytherapy at our institution, both CT and MRI scans are acquired to identify catheters and delineate the prostate, respectively. However, acquiring both scans increases the time and hospital resources needed for treatment. We hypothesized that a synthetic MRI (sMRI) could be generated with sufficiently high soft-tissue contrast from the planning CT using a novel Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework with the goal to use sMRI to delineate the prostate without requiring the MRI. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Our newly developed PixCycleGAN, a hybrid of Pix2Pix and CycleGAN to maximize the advantage of Pix2Pix and to add the strength of CycleGAN training with paired CT-MRI datasets acquired on the same day for previously treated HDR prostate patients. PixCycleGAN is composed of two Residual Network generators and four discriminators with two transformation cycles. To train PixCycleGAN, 58 paired CT and T2-weighted MRI datasets without metal or motion artifacts were selected. Using 10 independent datasets, the image quality of sMRI was evaluated using metrics including the mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). The accuracy of prostate segmentation was evaluated by having radiation oncologists manually delineate the prostate on real MRI (rMRI) and sMRI images. All rMRI and sMRI images were presented in a random order to reduce potential bias in segmentation. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD) were evaluated for the prostate contours delineated on sMRI vs. rMRI. To estimate interobserver variability (IOV), DSC and HD of prostate contours independently delineated on rMRI by two radiation oncologists were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> Qualitatively, sMRI images showed enhanced soft-tissue contrast on the boundary of the prostate and rectum compared to the CT scans. In addition, sMRI contained features from both MRI and CT showing clear visualization of the boundary of the prostate and the catheters. Image quality metrics were: MAE=0.13±0.03, MSE=0.03±0.01, PSNR=69.2±1.42 (dB), SSIM=0.78±0.07. The DSC of the prostate contour was 0.85±0.05 for sMRI vs. rMRI and 0.84±0.07 for IOV (p=0.13). However, the HD for sMRI vs. rMRI (7.77±1.83 mm) was smaller than the HD for IOV (9.53±2.74 mm). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We developed a novel PixCycleGAN framework to generate a sMRI from the planning CT which depicted enhanced soft-tissue contrast at the boundaries of the prostate. The agreement between DSC of the prostate on sMRI vs. rMRI and DSC of IOV shows that the accuracy of prostate segmentation on sMRI is within the segmentation variation on rMRI between two radiation oncologists. In the future, we will evaluate dosimetric impact of using sMRI in prostate segmentation for HDR treatment planning.
K-12 Virtual Tutoring: An Equitable Pandemic-era Service Worth Continuing

Public libraries are in a unique position to offer tutoring services that can be delivered to the community in convenient and innovative ways. Started at the height of the COVID pandemic, the Multnomah County Library’s K-12 Virtual Tutoring/Tutoría Virtual provides an impactful and equitable model for how a team of library professionals researched, developed, and maintained a virtual tutoring service staffed entirely by volunteers. Despite challenges, the service is still thriving and helping students regain learning lost during the school closure. With the right funding, staffing, and technological support for families to successfully participate, a staff-run, volunteer-driven virtual tutoring service has the potential to make a big difference, and libraries are in a unique and trusted position to provide this support, particularly in the subjects of reading and writing.
Inside Look: EOU’s Mobile Virtual Reality Lab

An American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) grant funded the establishment of a virtual reality lab at Eastern Oregon University (EOU) Library during the 2021-22 academic year. Virtual reality, or VR, simulates experiences with the aid of technology, most commonly specialized headsets that allow the user to see and feel like they are immersed in a virtual space. It can be used for gaming, entertainment, fitness, social interaction, and education. The project at EOU began with a collaboration with the Anatomy and Physiology course in which students investigated the inner workings of human organs and systems in VR as a lab assignment. The project has grown to include collaborations with History, Psychology, Health and Human Performance, Student Affairs, and other campus departments. The grant funding helped us to provide innovative digital content to our rural college students without any charge to them, and also helped to build learning experiences that were superior to what had been offered during the prior, more restrictive year of the pandemic. For the library, this wasn’t so much a pandemic-induced pivot as it was an opportunity to offer engaging, cutting-edge, free, and accessible learning experiences to our students.
Detailed View and Coordination of Discourse on Korean Modern and Contemporary History

In this issue of Journal of History , modern and contemporary Korean history research trends published in 2020-2021 were reviewed. During this period, researches on Korean history covering the modern and contemporary period increased quantitatively by 11.5% of papers and 24.8% of books compared to the previous two years. The keywords of the research trends for each period focused on Complex space-time, colonial society, and resisting subjects of modern society. Among them, I pointed out the mass-production of personal biographies of the King Gojong period, criticism on the March 1 Revolution theory, the origins of modern social science, and the current state of oral research on the victims of the Korean War.BR Regarding historiographic discourses, criticism of the modern long-term continuity theory in Korea and new issues on the division between North and South Korea were reviewed. Here, I pointed out that the conflict between landlords and farmers in the late Joseon Dynasty and the task of modern land reform should be included. In addition, I argued that the provision of an alternative system for the division of North and South Korea and understanding of the separation of the Korean people should be regarded as “today’s problems.” In the conclusion, I emphasized the responsibility of historians to recognize the problems of digital history concerning the outlook of history and to set the coordinates of discourse in advance for the establishment of a significant discourse in human history.
Binominals denoting instruments: A contrastive perspective

This chapter presents a contrastive analysis of complex nominals denoting instruments within the semantic field of cooking in four languages: Italian, Russian, Mandarin Chinese, and Japanese. The study takes an onomasiological perspective to word formation with an aim to detect the morphosyntactic strategies adopted by the four languages to express the same concepts. Based on data from a corpus of cooking recipes created ad hoc for this investigation, we classify complex nominals denoting instruments by employing the analytical tools of the onomasiological theory of word formation. The results of our analysis show that there is a correlation between onomasiological type and type of cooking instrument. The onomasiological type to which binominals belong is most frequently associated with instruments for serving food, in which the semantic relation between the two constituents is one of purpose. As for the morphosyntactic strategies employed, we found that Italian and Russian binominals are the result of derivation and adjectival or prepositional constructions, whereas Mandarin Chinese and Japanese use noun-noun compounding. Japanese frequently employs loanwords, which sometimes compete with compounds based on native or hybrid material.
Optimal plug-in Gaussian processes for modelling derivatives

Derivatives are a key nonparametric functional in wide-ranging applications where the rate of change of an unknown function is of interest. In the Bayesian paradigm, Gaussian processes (GPs) are routinely used as a flexible prior for unknown functions, and are arguably one of the most popular tools in many areas. However, little is known about the optimal modelling strategy and theoretical properties when using GPs for derivatives. In this article, we study a plug-in strategy by differentiating the posterior distribution with GP priors for derivatives of any order. This practically appealing plug-in GP method has been previously perceived as suboptimal and degraded, but this is not necessarily the case. We provide posterior contraction rates for plug-in GPs and establish that they remarkably adapt to derivative orders. We show that the posterior measure of the regression function and its derivatives, with the same choice of hyperparameter that does not depend on the order of derivatives, converges at the minimax optimal rate up to a logarithmic factor for functions in certain classes. We analyze a data-driven hyperparameter tuning method based on empirical Bayes, and show that it satisfies the optimal rate condition while maintaining computational efficiency. This article to the best of our knowledge provides the first positive result for plug-in GPs in the context of inferring derivative functionals, and leads to a practically simple nonparametric Bayesian method with optimal and adaptive hyperparameter tuning for simultaneously estimating the regression function and its derivatives. Simulations show competitive finite sample performance of the plug-in GP method. A climate change application for analyzing the global sea-level rise is discussed.
Oracles &amp; Followers: Stackelberg Equilibria in Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Stackelberg equilibria arise naturally in a range of popular learning problems, such as in security games or indirect mechanism design, and have received increasing attention in the reinforcement learning literature. We present a general framework for implementing Stackelberg equilibria search as a multi-agent RL problem, allowing a wide range of algorithmic design choices. We discuss how previous approaches can be seen as specific instantiations of this framework. As a key insight, we note that the design space allows for approaches not previously seen in the literature, for instance by leveraging multitask and meta-RL techniques for follower convergence. We propose one such approach using contextual policies, and evaluate it experimentally on both standard and novel benchmark domains, showing greatly improved sample efficiency compared to previous approaches. Finally, we explore the effect of adopting algorithm designs outside the borders of our framework.
SUBSTRUCTURE DAMAGE TOLERANCING IN CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES UNDER IMPACT FATIGUE

The service life of aircraft structural components often experience sub-catastrophic impact events, such as during launch and landing cycles or blunt impacts from ground service equipment. These occurrences lead to impact fatigue that can result in damage of the carbon fiber-reinforced composite structural components (CFRCs). Due to their stacked lay-up structure, internal damage may not manifest visibly on the surface as it could for a solid isotropic material. Consequently, it is critical to quantify subsurface damage accurately, including the link between impact energy, loading cycles and reduction in elastic stiffness parameters of composite structures for more rigorous service life predictions. A unique identification method to quantify impact fatigue substructure damage in the form of stiffness degradation is considered here. The method leverages deflectometry, a full-field optical method with high sensitivity to surface defects not visible to the naked eye. Coupled with the use of the Virtual Fields Method (VFM), this approach is demonstrated numerically through finite element ABAQUS simulations.
Identifying and localizing dynamic affordances to improve interactions with other agents

Allowing robots to learn by themselves to coordinate their actions and cooperate requires that they be able to recognize each other and be capable of intersubjectivity. To comply with artificial developmental learning and self motivation, we follow the radical interactionism hypothesis, in which an agent has no a priori knowledge on its environment (not even that the environment is 2D), and does not receive rewards defined as a direct function of the environment’s state. We aim at designing agents that learn to efficiently interact with other entities that may be static or may make irregular moves following their own motivation. This paper presents new mechanisms to identify and localize such mobile entities. The agent has to learn the relation between its perception of mobile entities and the interactions that they afford. These relations are recorded under the form of data structures, called signatures of interaction, that characterize entities in the agent’s point of view, and whose properties are exploited to interact with distant entities. These mechanisms were tested in a simulated prey-predator environment. The obtained signatures showed that the predator successfully learned to identify mobile preys and their probabilistic moves, and to efficiently localize distant preys in the 2D environment.
Effect of Mindset on Innovation Behavior through Job Crafting: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Informal learning

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of mindset on innovation behavior through job crafting. Mindset’s effect on innovation behavior was confirmed by comparing the effect of a growth mindset with that of a fixed mindset. The study also verified the moderating effect of informal learning. For this study, a survey was conducted on 261 organizational members at domestic companies. The following is the results of the study: First, analysis of the relationship between a growth mindset and innovation behavior found that a growth mindset did not have a significant and direct effect on innovation behavior. A fixed mindset did not have any direct effect on innovation behavior either. Second, it was found that job crafting had a fully mediating effect on the relationship between a growth mindset and innovation behavior. Likewise, it was confirmed that job crafting had a fully mediating effect on the relationship between a fixed mindset and innovative behavior. Third, it was found that informal learning had a moderating effect on the relationship between a growth mindset and job crafting. On the other hand, it was confirmed that informal learning had no significant moderating effect on the relationship between a fixed mindset and job crafting.
Analysis of accuracy and ambiguities in spatial measurements of birefringence in uniaxial anisotropic media: publisher’s note

This publisher's note corrects an error in Appl. Opt.61, 8081 (2022)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.463657.
Technology on the move: creativity and innovation mobile apps

Purpose This paper reviews several of the best mobile applications that help with developing creative and innovative future forward ways that support library services. The tools that will be helpful to individuals, groups and appropriate for all ages that deal with creativity and innovation. Design/methodology/approach A review of vetted mobile applications on creativity and innovation for IOS and Android. Findings Several top apps are provided as well as information on topics that readers can search for on creativity and innovation. Originality/value The original article is of value to librarians for high school and college students, for classroom learning and for new ideas to solve problems in all types of libraries.
Proper names with and without definite articles: preliminary results

Preliminary results of a typological survey are presented that examines the question of the possibilities to combine proper names with definite articles in a convenience sample of languages with definite articles. The combination of proper names with definite articles may be obligatory, or forbidden, or optional with certain pragmatic effects. Different classes of proper names may be distinguished, but only the most important classes ‒ personal names and place names ‒ are considered in this study, because they presumably are universal classes of expressions. The distribution of definite articles and proper names in the languages of the sample are described, and functional explanations for these patterns are sought.
Social Presence Awareness Visualization in a Collaborative Videogame

The awareness information in collaborative systems supports the interaction between people. However, traditional awareness systems are limited to mechanisms that display data often isolated from the context of social interaction and do not fully reflect the individual relevance of a person (social presence) in the collaborative activity. Therefore, proposing more dynamic and efficient tools to facilitate the acquisition and presentation of social presence information is convenient. This research proposes a social presence visualization system and its conceptual architecture and develops a user-centered prototype. The prototype integrates functions that let the user select different representations of social presence (pictogram, bar chart, donut chart, and radial). We used the prototype in a collaborative video game (AssaultCube-CX) to study the effects of social presence visualization on users’ performance. We studied the social presence of 12 Mexican volunteers by recording their activities during the tests to analyze their social presence. The social presence quantitative analysis indicates that the visualization of social presence during the collaborative activity increase awareness of social presence and improves team performance in most cases.
A Study on Service Improvement Plan of Technology Trade Platform

Purpose - The domestic technology trading market is composed of a technology trading platform with the participation of technology trading institutions. The institution that operates the technology trading platform provides various support for technology transaction. The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement plans through analysis of the services provided by the technology trading platform. Design/methodology/approach TA model was built based on existing research and the importance and satisfaction of each evaluation item of the model were identified through the hierarchical analysis process and expert opinion gathering. Then importance-satisfaction correlation analysis was applied. Findings - As a result of analyzing the importance of the technology trading platform, supply technology information, technology value evaluation, and demand technology information are in order. Technology marketing and demand technology information are areas that require focus management and there are differences according to experience and low-skilled people suggest the need to improve technology value evaluation service. Research implications or Originality - This study is significant in that it evaluated the operational performance of a technology trading platform that had not been addressed for 15 years and suggested improvement measures. Initially a series of technology transaction processes such as technology value evaluation technology matching and technology commercialization support were expanded from simple information on previous technology and this study includes these changes.