Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Development of digital comics as learning media on bacteria

71% of students of class X IPA SMAN 36 Jakarta,Indonesia have difficulties in studying Biology subjects and 47.2% of students have difficulties in learning topics about bacteria. The research aims to develop digital comics as a medium for learning Biology on bacteria. The research method refers to the research and development model of Borg and Gall (2003). Data was collected with questionnaires to analyze student needs and interviews with Biology teachers in class X IPA. Digital comic was made by Autodesk-SketchBook design application. Product validation was carried out by media and material experts. The product trial consisted of a small group of 12 students, a large group consisting of 46 students, and a biology teacher. The average validation test results obtained a score of 91.69% with a very valid interpretation. The product effectiveness test uses a pre-test and post-test instrument consisting of 30 questions. Analysis of the data obtained an average pre-test score of 70.33 and post-test score was 81.08 with a standard error of 1,432-2.094. The results of the t-test showed a significant value of 0.00 &lt; = 0.05 and the value of t-count &lt; t-table which was -5.847 &lt;2.715, which means the difference is statistically significant or significant at a probability of 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an effect of using digital comic learning media on bacterial material to improve learning outcomes.
Some quadratic permutation polynomials over finite fields

Polynomials of the form [Formula: see text] are called quadratic polynomials over a finite field [Formula: see text] and the quadratic polynomials of the form [Formula: see text] are called Dembowski–Ostrom polynomials. In this paper, we propose four classes of permutation trinomials of Dembowski–Ostrom type polynomials over finite fields [Formula: see text] and two classes of quadratic permutation polynomials of the form [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text].
Group Performance Paradigms in Free Improvisation

This article proposes four paradigms of group performance in free improvisation: 1) sound composition; 2) social communication; 3) ‘parallel play’; and 4) ‘one beast with many heads’. While these paradigms are identifiably different, they are often engaged flexibly and/or in combination; and, importantly, it is very possible for the same performance to be experienced or interpreted by different performers or listeners according to different paradigm perspectives. After providing some background and defining key terms, the four paradigms are introduced and discussed; connections with, and departures from, the existing literature are considered, followed by analysis of illustrative examples of each of the four paradigms drawn from the broader field of sonic and electroacoustic improvisation. To conclude, further larger-scale research potential for furthering this investigation is identified.
The Content Analysis of Students’ ER Material Based on Course Learning Outcome

One of Extensive Reading (ER) principles is learners are being free to choose their own reading material. Reading courses of English Education Program in Ponorogo Muhammadiyah University are delivered in four levels namely pre-intermediate, intermediate, pre-advanced, and advanced which have learning process using mixed approach of extensive and intensive. This study is aimed to investigate whether the material selected by the students in which extensive reading conducted have fulfilled course learning outcome (CLO) of each level. They were 187 students’ reading material submitted as the final assignment and class discussion of all levels. Using content analysis approach to analyze them the result showed that most material had already fulfilled though there were still few material had not yet, however such condition is allowed in extensive reading.
Functions of Cohesion in Reading Text Comprehension

Cohesion is important to know the connection of meaning between words or sentences in a text. This study is purposed to know the cohesive devices used in the descriptive text within a 7th grade student’s textbook and to know how the cohesion can build the understanding of the descriptive text in reading comprehension. This qualitative research used document analysis, literature review, observation and interviews to gather the data. The findings showed that the descriptive text has utilized grammatical and lexical cohesion to unify the words and sentences. Researchers only found reference, substitution, conjunction as grammatical cohesion, and reiteration as lexical cohesion. In addition, interviews with the apprentice teacher which aimed to find out the implementation of cohesion to teach descriptive text show that it was only explained to help students know the meaning of the text and comprehend it. To conclude, cohesive devices are crucial to be learnt and taught to know the link between the sentences, as well as understand the elements of grammatical and lexical cohesion.
Designing Prototype Product of English Test Book Materials for Indonesian Tertiary Students

English proficiency test is significantly pivotal for tertiary students as they prepare for their after-school work-life experience. In this case, students are obliged to obtain fair knowledge of global issues but also local-based phenomena students may be familiar with on a daily basis. Besides, competency in English contributes to one’s acknowledgement in building a career or pursuing higher education. That is why many educational institutions in Indonesia require students to obtain a school-leaving English proficiency certificate. In regard to this phenomenon, designing English test materials that accommodate students’ needs in accordance with particularly required competencies is prominent. This present study further examines the test specification construction results developed as an initial study of a standardized English proficiency test implemented in a private university in Indonesia. As a part of research and development project research, this current study focuses on developing a prototype product of English test materials including the design of the test book. The product results of this study are elaborated in four stages of test materials covering two skills of English proficiency test.&#x0D;
The Use of Lingokids Game Application to Encourage the Young Learners’ English Vocabularies

A game is an activity with a rule, a goal, and the element of fun. However, different types of games can have different effects and may well make learning facts fun, enjoyable, and appropriate as an alternative digital media to make the interaction become active. This research used the Lingokids game as the object of this research. The Lingokids game is an application that can help students to encourage their vocabularies and help the teacher create language well. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Lingokids game has an effect or not to encourage the students’ vocabularies, especially for the young learners in TKIT Al Imam As Syafii in academic year 2021/2022. This study used action research design with a total population of 78 students and by using the purposive sampling procedure, this research was taken 20 students as the sample in halaqah A. The instrument of this study is test and document with the authentic materials as a media obtained by using the mobile phone to download the Lingokids game application. The result shows, that the Lingokids game with multi-profile and adaptive learning has effect to encourage and enrich the young learners' vocabularies.. The conclusion is the game such instruction ought to integrate technical proficiency with personal and social education to provide learners with the critical literacy and moral responsibility those who need to respond constructively like lingokids game. In addition, if teachers wish to use video games to benefit the learning process, they must be very selective in their selection.
The Effects of Scramble Game in Improving Students Vocabulary at Secondary Students of Muhammadiyah Plus Batam

The research is about teaching vocabulary to secondary students in Junior High School of Muhammadiyah Plus Batam. The students at this level are supposed to be able to master the vocabulary especially contained in their English Cambridge student’s book and workbook because the level suits them. This research used Classroom Action research (CAR) as a research methodology. The researcher found that the students lack vocabulary and motivation to learn vocabulary. To overcome this problem, a teaching method is needed to be chosen. In this study, the researcher will use a scramble game as a method to improve their vocabulary knowledge. The scramble word game is one method to improve students' learning and speed of thought. Their method needs students to combine the right and left brain. A scramble word game is used to arrange the words and letters that are jumbled and the students need to form a word that has meaning. The aim of this study is to analyze The Effects of the Scramble Game in Improving Student's Vocabulary. The participants are the students from grade 7B which consists of 28 students in total in Secondary School of Muhammadiyah Plus Batam. The class subject is going to be English Cambridge.
An Error Analysis on Past Tense in Recount Text Written by Lower Secondary School Students

Highlighting the importance of accuracy in grammar use, this study is interested to investigate the students’ error in English writing. Based on the preliminary study, the students seemed to have difficulty in conducting the sentences by using simple past. Therefore, this research explored more the errors on using simple past tense in writing recount text. The aim of this thesis was to know the types of error, to find out the dominant error, and to find out the sources of error. The research was a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects of this research were the thirty students of junior high school at eight grade. In collecting data, this research used a writing task about their unforgettable experiences which aimed to identify the errors produced by students in using the simple past in writing recount texts based on the linguistics category taxonomy and sources of error based on Ellis’ theory. The results implied that there were 13 types of errors made by students. The most dominant types of errors were miss-election of V-1 in the past event with the total number of error 56 items. Based on the results of the types of error was found sources of error that there were 96 items of interference errors, 68 items of intralingual errors, and 83 items of developmental errors.
An Analysis on Students’ Ability in Writing Descriptive Text at Senior High School during Online Learning

The implementation of education policies in the emergency period of the spread of coronavirus disease (Covid 19) recommends carrying out the learning process from home through online learning. Students' writing ability is still fairly low due to a lack of motivation in studying English, difficulties expressing thoughts, and difficulty arranging words due to a lack of vocabulary. The aims of this research are to find out the students’ ability in writing descriptive text and the difficulties faced by students in writing descriptive text during online learning in the tenth grade students at SMAN 1 Panarukan Situbondo. This research was used quantitative method with survey design. The data was taken from writing test and questionnaire. The students ability in writing descriptive text was classified into good level with mean score 78,6. While the students difficulties in writing was grammar and organizing ideas, and also students had lack of vocabulary.
The Impact of Flashcard Media Towards English Vocabulary For Disability Students At SLB Negeri Sorong Regency

The objective of this research is to find out whether a flashcard media impact or not in teaching vocabulary for disability students especially mental retardation at SLB Negeri Sorong Regency. Related to the objective, the research used pre-experimental research design. The population of this research was seventh grade students of SLB Negeri Sorong Regency which consist of 7 students. The sample of this research was 5 students of seventh grade who considered have mental retardation. The researcher used 10 matched words from the pretest and posttest when gathering data. The researcher calculated the data using the SPSS 20 application for analyzing the data. After Analyzed the result of paired sample T-test, the Alternative hypothesis which said that Flashcard media impact the student’s vocabulary at SLB Negeri Sorong Regency especially students with mental retardation is accepted and the Null hypothesis is rejected. In addition to result of P-Value (0.001) than smaller P-value (0.05).It means that the students’ vocabulary score between pretest and posttest is significantly different. It can be concluded that flashcard media impacts the students’ vocabulary for disability students' especially for mental retardation.
Exploring Students’ Ability in Applying Conjunction in Writing Re-search Proposal at Eight Semester Students of Unimuda Sorong

Although having three courses of writing, college students’ especially at Unimuda Sorong often forget to apply conjunction to their writing when composing text. Students also tended to make very long sentence in a text that sometimes make the main ideas were difficult to be understood. Thus, this research aimed at exploring students’ ability in applying conjunction in writing research proposal. This qualitative research design used eight semester of English department students as the subject. The data was collected by document analysis. The obtained data was analyzed using the theory by Spradley. The results of this research showed that English department students’ used three kinds of conjunction, these were coordinating conjunction, correlative conjunction and subordinating conjunction, to join clauses or ideas. The mostly used conjunctions were coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. In the chapter introduction, the conjunctions used to emphasize, give detail information and give strong reason for taking certain topic for research. It also used to influence the reader to agree with the information presented by the researchers. In the chapter research methodology, the students tended to use subordinating conjunction to ease students in presenting phases or steps in planning, organizing and conducting their research
Panel Discussions: Skilled Communication And Knowledge Construction to Develop EFL Learners’ Speaking Performance

The poor speaking performance is a big obstacle for EFL learners to communicate and to construct knowledge. The main aim of the study was to find out how panel discussion can be implemented to develop EFL learners’ speaking performance. In panel discussion, students need to understand the topic and to construct knowledge by gathering information and deeply engaged in learning. The study followed action research methodology where data was gathered from an in-depth interview and Test of Spoken English (TSE), collected from 18 students in Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember. The speaking score was better than before the implementation of panel discussion, as seen from the mean score in TSE (64.63 in Preliminary to 70.93 in Cycle 1). The highest achievement made is in the aspects of vocabulary (67% better). Panel discussion can significantly improve speaking because the process of knowledge construction stimulates students to have extended and multimodal communication.
Students’ Anxiety in English Speaking Class at A Private Junior High School in East Java, Indonesia

One of the difficulties, speaking anxiety, has a significant impact on one’s capacity to speak a foreign language. Students are often hesitant to use English in class during their speaking performance. In line with this, the study aims to scrutinize the types of students’ anxiety and the factors that affect the student’s anxiety in English speaking class. Therefore, the case study as part of qualitative research design was employed to complete the study. The participants were the eighth graders of a private junior high school in East Java, Indonesia, that consisted of 22 students. The researchers obtained the data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the students experienced state anxiety, trait anxiety, and specific situation anxiety. Moreover, the factors that affected the students’ anxiety were test anxiety, communication apprehension, and fear of negative evaluation. According to the findings, English for Foreign Language (EFL) teachers should not only identify that anxiety is a fundamental factor in students' failure to learn a new language but also help them cope with their feelings of unease and discomfort.
Interpreting Error in The Use of Simple Present Tense in EFL Students’ Writing

This study suggests two research questions. First, what types of simple present tense errors made by students in their writing text? Second, what are the errors' causes? This study aimed to describe types of errors and examine the causes of errors in the use of simple present tense in writing text made by eleventh grade students of SMK PGRI 5 Jember. Descriptive qualitative research was used in this study because the data in this study were presented in the form of words rather than numbers, were obtained in a natural context, and were discussed descriptively. The data was compiled using information provided by English teachers and students. This information was gathered from students’ writing worksheet, student questionnaires response and the answer of students’ interview. Thus, error analysis is performed based on surface strategy taxonomy there are; omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. This study focus on research errors caused by intralingual transfer. The participants of the study were 37 eleventh grade students of OTKP 3 in SMK PGRI 5 Jember. The results showed that there are the most frequent error that were committed by students is omission error, and the causes of students in making error in the use of simple present tense are overgeneralization, ignorance of the rules’ restrictions, and false concept hypothesized. It is expected that analyzing students' errors in using simple present tense in writing descriptive text will improve the teacher's teaching strategy and help students overcome their errors, particularly in writing.
The Implementation of Group Work in Teaching Speaking During Covid-19 Pandemic

Group work defines as the students working together in a group to complete the assignment or construct knowledge. Group work activities allow students to engage in stimulating conversations about topics that interest them which will help them better understand the topic. As the COVID-19 pandemic has been better, the teaching-learning activities carried out offline with the capacity of fifty percent of the capacity classroom. Returning to study at school or university makes the lecturer probably focus on helping students follow classroom routines, reconnect with their friends and lecturer, and learn to work in peer groups again. This study aims to describe the lecturer implementing group work in speaking class during the COVID-19 pandemic and the task assigned for the group. This study uses a qualitative method in which case study design. The subjects of this study are two lecturers and seventeen students in speaking class. The data was collected through observation and interview. Hopefully, this study could be a useful contribution and a reference in implementing group work in speaking classes during the COVID-19 pandemic in English education field.
The Use of Online Media in Mathematics Learning in Elementary Schools

Learning media is the media used for the teaching and learning process. One form of learning media is online learning media. Online learning media is a media that can be used through the help of the internet as connectivity. Online learning media can be used in online learning. The use of online media in learning is expected to be able to improve the quality of education and increase the effectiveness of student learning. This study aims to describe what media are used by teachers when learning mathematics in elementary schools, and to describe the use of online learning media used in learning mathematics in elementary schools. The data obtained were analyzed using the narrative method by grouping the same/similar findings. The findings are that there are 6 online media used in learning mathematics in elementary schools. The online media consist of WhatsApp, quizizz, pear deck and jam board media, dragonbox algebra 5+, zoom and YouTube.
The Analysis Of Students’ Motivation by Using Paper Puppet in Vo-cabulary Mastery

Vocabulary is an important part in learning English after grammar and pronunciation. Teachers should help students to improve their vocabulary mastery so that they may communicate effectively. Media is a tool that is used to help teacher in teaching process which has manage and can motivate the student to learning English material. One of the visual learning media in the kind of character figures which may be played by the teacher to interact with students is the paper puppet. This research aims to get to know the improvement of students’ motivation by using paper puppet. This article explains the facts based on young leaners motivation by using paper puppet media. This research is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through open-ended interviews with young leaners. The result of the implementation, the paper puppet media is able to develop motivation young leaners in English learning also using paper puppet media can be applied by teacher to teaching English learning.
An Error Analysis on The Use of Gerunds in Writing Descrip-tive Paragraph

Analyzing students' writing specifically the components of it is crucial issue to assess how well students develop their ideas. Grammar, one of the writing components, consists of many aspects. One of the grammar aspects is gerunds. Thus, the use of gerunds in writing is unavoidable. The purposes of this research were to find out and identify the kinds and causes of students’ errors in the use of gerunds in their writing. This research used a case study design of qualitative research by employing thirty students of a private vocational school in Jember. The instruments of this research were writing assignments and interviews. The writer gave thirty students writing assignments and were analyzed to find out their errors that fall into four categories, i.e., omission, addition, miss-formation, and miss-ordering. The findings revealed there were 47 errors (44.34%) omission. 11 errors (10.38%) addition, 44 errors (41.51%) miss-formation, and 4 errors (3.77%) miss-ordering. Hopefully, the findings will contribute to help teachers in designing the writing activities in the classroom and the kind of assessment or feedback they use to help their students to have good writing ability