Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Contrast Enhancement of Images through Skewness and Mode Based Bi-Histogram Equalization

In this paper, skewness and mode-based histogram equalization algorithm have been proposed for contrast enhancement of digital images.The present method gives a novel idea for histogram clipping and histogram bifurcation.The prior is done with the skewness value and the latter is done with help of mode values of the intensity level random data set.The pixel intensity levels are random and thus a stochastic approach has been used and found to yield improved figure of merits.The image histogram has been clipped with the help of a pre-assigned threshold value computed from skewness value to restrict the rate of over enhancement.The clipped histogram is subdivided into two parts, using the histogram subdivision limit which is calculated on the basis of the mode value of the image.Histogram of individual sub-image is equalized independently and then integrated to form the final enhanced image.The simulation results have shown that the proposed skewness and mode based bi-histogram equalization algorithm enhances the contrast of the image in a better manner compared with the other histogram equalization methods in terms of FSIM, PSIM, SFF, VSI, HaarPSI, and GMSD.
Effective Policing In Contemporary Nigeria: The Nigeria Police Force

Effective Policing In Contemporary Nigeria: The NigeriaPolice Force IntroductionIn most countries, police organizations occupy an important position in the engagement between governments and their citizens.Indeed, police around the world have a monopoly over the use of legitimate force, which gives them a special responsibility in terms of policing a Nation.Therefore, police action has to be performed according to the highest professional standards to achieve its statutory goals, (Braga & David, 2010).In as much as, the task of policing is a difficult one.Many countries wrestle with economic inequality, political crisis, religious and ethnic tensions that may give rise to sporadic clashes between the police and her citizenry.This is common and prominent in some countries that have challenges of banditry, kidnapping, and armed robbery activities and religiousterrorism, insurgency, and separatist strains, (Alemika $ Chukwuma, 2000).Consequently, work effectiveness is the key to successful operation in policing agencies or any organizations.The agencies and or organizations with appropriate procedures supporting and increasing the work effectiveness of their employees tend to receive a good return on that investment and achieve rapid, effective, efficient and sustainable development, (Herman 1997).In contrast, a lack of appropriate procedures in supporting and increasing the work effectiveness of internal employee results in employees being ineffective, apathetic and unable to achieve the desired satisfactory work performance (Santiwong, 1984).In part as a response to research that challenged the effectiveness of traditional policing strategies, the 1980s and 1990s saw the emergence of a series of innovative police policies and best practices.They could be contrasted with the standard models of policing in earlier decades by their focus on taking an effective policing system approach to reduce the crime problems.In recent years, to reposition the Nigerian Police Force, we have witnessed both a restructuring of the Police Force and a proliferation of 'Policing beyond the Police' as a result of which a more complex division of labour in the field of policing and security of the Nation has emerged, (Samuel, 1977).Furthermore, the Nigeria Police Force is now recognized as part of a varied assortment of organization with policing functions and a diffuse array of effective policing processes with authority to enforce laws and distribute coercive force to achieve their goals (Adisa, 1999).
Age Unconstrained Photo ID Validation Using Contextual Generative Adversarial Networks﻿

We propose a solution to handle this problem.We are extending upon the paper where Contextual Generative Adversarial Networks are used to generate a band of aged images from one single image.The images of different age groups will be generated from one single picture but with the same context.We are using the resulting images for face validation as a photo verification system.Our algorithm will use the band of generated images of different age groups and will match it with the current face of the person.If the match score goes beyond a limit, the photo identity will be validated, or else a warning will be triggered.This system will play an important role in places where there's a need for higher security and better ways of validation.
On the symmetric and exterior powers of Young permutation modules

Let n be a positive integer and λ be a partition of n. Let Mλ be the Young permutation module labelled by λ. In this paper, we study symmetric and exterior powers of Mλ in positive characteristic case. We determine the symmetric and exterior powers of Mλ that are projective. All the indecomposable exterior powers of Mλ are also classified. We then prove some results for indecomposable direct summands that have the largest complexity in direct sum decompositions of some symmetric and exterior powers of Mλ. We end by parameterizing all the Scott modules that are isomorphic to direct summands of the symmetric or exterior square of Mλ and determining their corresponding multiplicities explicitly.
Time evolution of the quantized field coupled to a thermal bath: A phase space approach

We present an alternative method for describing the evolution of a mode of the quantized electromagnetic field in contact with a finite temperature thermal bath. We use the expansion of the field density operator in terms of coherent states and the related Glauber-Sudarshan $P$-function in phase space. The method allows us to obtain analytical expressions of the system's time-evolved $P$-function without needing to solve the corresponding master equation.
Monitoring suspicious communication on online forum

Forum is a huge space where people from different geographical location can express and share their own opinions, influencing any aspect of life by marketing and communication.On one side, Monitoring suspicious communication on these forums is the best way to measure the loyalty of users.On the other side, Many malicious people use these discussion forums for illegal purpose by posting suspicious chats in the form of text, video or images, exchange them with other users.The law enforcement agencies are looking for solutions to monitor these communication forums for possible criminal activities.Mostly the data stored in chat forums are in the form of text, so the proposed system will focus only on text posts.Considering this scenario, I propose a system which tackle this problem.Monitoring the malicious activities is the best way to calculate the user's honesty, keeping a track of their sentiment toward their chats.The exponential advancement in information and communication technology has fostered the creation of new online forums for many online discussions and has also reduced a distance between people.In online forums the user produce various formats of malicious post like text, image, video, gif and exchange them online with other people.
Implementation of a Mobile Web-Based Information Sharing Forum Information System

The mobile web-based knowledge sharing forum information system is one of the media that utilizes the internet as a means of gathering and discussing to exchange information for people who want to share their knowledge with people who have not yet studied. With this forum, the public can find out which regions are still taking a lot of education and can make organizations so that they can share their knowledge with the community. The process of creating a mobile web-based knowledge sharing forum information system by analyzing an existing system using the SDLC method. Mobile web-based knowledge sharing forum information system is one of the media that utilizes the internet as a means of gathering and discussing to exchange information for internet users who want to share their knowledge with people who have not yet studied&#x0D;
PENINGKATAN RANCANGAN WAYFINDING (MENEMUKAN JALAN) UNTUK SEKOLAH PENYANDANG DISABILITAS VISUAL DI SURABAYA DAN PELUANG PENGEMBANGANNYA UNTUK BANGUNAN PUBLIK LAINNYA

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Title: Wayfinding Design Improvement for the Blind School in Surabaya and Development Opportunities for Other Public Buildings&#x0D; Yayasan Pendidikan Anak Buta (Blind Children Education Foundation or YPAB) Special Junior High School in Surabaya is a dedicated institution for teaching blind students. Unfortunately, the school is found less accessible for the blind because it was designed for the farming school with spread buildings’ footprints in the 1970s. A literature review and accessibility evaluation conclude that besides architecture improvement, a small architectural model is needed to teach the students to be able to conduct orientation and mobility. The model should be accessible to blind students, total blind and low vision, with various information such as voice, braille, contrasting colour, and tactile marking. This architecture model is designed in collaboration of YP AB teachers, Architecture Program Study, Electrical Program Study of Petra Christian University and Prototype Studio. The model is created with laser cutting and equipped with electronic circuits for the voice of wayfinding instructions for blind students. The model is found improving the blind students to practice orientation and mobility in the school. Further research pursues improving public building wayfinding for the blind persons as described in the State Library of Queensland (SLQ).&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
Financing of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1994-2015)

Financing of Small
CLASSIFICATION OF CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS ON INSTAGRAM COMMENTS USING NAÏVE BAYES ALGORITHM WITH N-GRAM FEATURE EXTENSION

Customer complaints about the company can be used as a form of self-evaluation and performance that has been carried out by the company, based on customer complaints the company can find out the weaknesses that exist in the company and fix them. The forms of submitting customer complaints are very diverse, currently not only by telephone, but customers also submit suggestions or complaints, customers can submit suggestions or complaints via electronic mail or e-mail or forums in cyberspace that are indeed created by product-producing companies to accommodate various complaints, suggestions, and direct criticism from consumers, especially social media that are free to express opinions on the delivery services used. Instagram is a social media that is more inclined towards images and on the other hand, has captions and comments text, a study is needed for the problem of customer complaints from shipping service users on an Instagram account of a delivery service company. Based on this background, a solution is needed in solving problems for text mining classification using Naïve Bayes with SMOTE techniques and N-Gram feature extraction with the usual process for text mining so that it can produce Naïve Bayes and SMOTE accuracy with an accuracy of 88.54%, before implementation. N-Gram and the accuracy rate increased by 1.44% after the N-Gram Term was applied to 89.98% by using a dataset of 776 Instagram comment text records that had to preprocess text.
On a statistical control of a technological process described by a two-dimensional normal distribution

In the papera methodology for controlling a technological process described by a two-dimensional normal distribution using new control charts is given, where the control value is Kolmogorov's statistics ρ x and ρ y and a correlation coefficient (r xy ).Using these control charts shows the control of the machine producing the shotgun shells (weapons or other shotgun shells).Control charts are based on Kolmogorov's consentcriterion and Fisher's criterion of linear dependence of the components of a random normal vector.
The Effect of Continue Story Game on the Students’ Speaking Skill at Grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Air Batu in 2019/ 2020 School Year. Script. The Faculty of Teachers’ Training and Education

ABSTRAK Based on the research findings, it can be said the using of Continue Story Game in teaching speaking is success since the criteria of success is achieved, where Based on a range of value, the researcher find out 2 students in experimental that have good and bad predicate, there are; 1) Indah Rizki Arfah got 82 with “A” predicate and 2) Abdullah Izlal Ramdhan got 64 with “D” predicate. And also, the researcher find out 2 students in control group that have good and bad predicate, there are: 1) Annisa Silvia got 80 with “A” Predicate and 2) Gita Mutia got 40 with “E” predicate. This study attempts to find out the effect continues story game on the students’ speaking skill at grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Air Batu In 2019/2020 school year. The design of this research is experimental design. The population is grade tenth of SMA Negeri 1 Air Batu, where the population of this study was 4 (four) parrarel classes, consisting of X-1, X-2, X-3, and X-4, where each class consists of 30 students, So the total is 120 students. In selecting the sample is used clustered random sampling. The students of class x-1 and x-4 of are chosen as the sample. The data were acquired by administrating an oral test where the student must continue again the story witth their imagination. Kata Kunci : Effect , Students , SMA Negeri 1 Air Batu
MODEL COOPERATIVE SCRIPT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR

SCRIPT COOPERATIVE MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENT ACTIVITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL This research was conducted using Classroom Action Research. The implementation of research activities is carried out in 2 stages or 2 cycles. The purpose of this study was to increase the activeness of students in elementary schools using a cooperative script model on the sub-theme of Cultural Diversity in the Nation which was applied to grade IV C SDN Gunung Gede, North Bogor District, Bogor City which consisted of 30 students. Research activities were carried out in the Odd Semester of the 2020/2021 Academic Year. In cycle 1, the learning media used was a popup book. While the learning media used in cycle 2 were hand puppets. The results of this study indicate that the cooperative script model is an effective model to be used in this study. There was a significant change in the average value of activeness between cycle 1 and cycle 2. Based on the results of the learning activities carried out by the researcher, data was obtained that in cycle 1 the average value of student activity was 71 while in cycle 2 it again increased to 92. In addition , in cycle 1 classical completeness was 43% and in cycle 2 classical completeness was 100% where all students scored above the KKM. The difference in classical completeness is 57%. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the cooperative script model is an effective model that can be applied in this study. In addition, the use of cooperative script learning models can increase student activeness from the assessment cycle 1 to cycle 2
The Utilization Of Culture Map Board Media To Improve Teachers 'Skills In Elementary School

Lack of teacher skills in teaching and the lack of the use of instructional media lead to ineffective learning process. This study aims to improve the skills of teachers assisted by cultural map board media. This research was carried out by classroom action research. This research lasted for two cycles, which each cycle consists of four stages, including planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Data collection techniques consisted of interviews using interview guidelines, as well as observation using teacher skills observation sheets and documentation. The data analysis technique used is qualitative and quantitative data. The results shows that the skills of the teacher assisted by the cultural map board media obtained an average in cycle I in percentage of 70% and increases in cycles II by 80% with good category. Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that using the cultural map board media can improve the teachers’ skills in Elementary School.
Using Clustered Frames to Classify Videos

This paper presents a semi-supervised learning technique to classify video clips.Usually, many tasks are done by categorizing video clips using deep learning techniques.However, based on the number of online videos today, it is necessary to use high computing power to accomplish this task.The authors propose methods that use Self-Organizing Map (SOM) to create a feature space representing clusters of video frames.The authors then classified them using simple voting, calculating entropy, neural networks, and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM).The researchers also show finding frame numbers that are used to cluster video frames according to accuracy and training time.The results of this approach are presented based on testing 18 specific classes of real-world datasets from TV-programs containing 912 videos.The authors evaluated the techniques using five-fold cross-validation that our method archived 71.98% of average accuracy.Their computing time was then assessed, which achieved approximately 40 minutes of average computing time.Moreover, the researchers also compared the present proposal to other baseline models, including C3D and CNN-LSTM, and also used scene and action-recognition datasets, namely Hollywood2 to evaluate the technique.The authors archived 93.72% of average accuracy.
A Light-weight CAAD-VR Bridge

Virtual Reality (VR) has been proven an effective media for design communications.VR-enabled design environments allow laypersons to join in various stages of design process and achieve a wide range of participatory designs.However, most of these environments are developed for research purposes and not easily accessible to architects.This research aims to bridge the gap of VR hardware and design software to make VR easily accessible to architects.We develop a set of 4 use cases for implementing VR-enabled design environment: (1) Export Design Elements to VR; (2) Authorizing VR co-design environment; (3) Design Manipulation in VR; and (4) Output VR Objects to CAAD.A prototype has been implemented using HTC Vive and Unity to test these use cases.The data exchange between VR environment and CAAD environment is achieved through the JSON format.The prototype is tested by students in a graduate-level design studio with promising results.
The Effectiveness of FEFA in Teaching and Learning Foundations of Applied Mathematics

Memorizing formulas is one of the essentials tasks in learning activities. There are many formulas that have been constructed by previous researchers. The formulas developed have their own purpose such as to calculate, to estimate, to analyse and so on. One of the fields that involve more than a hundred formulas is in the education field. In education area, especially for mathematics subjects, students need to memorize the formula to let them easily get the answer to some of the questions given. In UiTM Perak Tapah Campus, there is one subject that requires students to memorize more than twenty formulas. The subject namely the Foundation of Applied Mathematics which is taken by part three students in the Faculty of Applied Sciences. In previous semester, the failure rate for this subject is increasing and always be the top issue by top management. In this paper, the effectiveness of formula extracted from the given Appendix (FEFA) techniques is discussed. FEFA is one of the tools which will help students to reduce the total number in memorizing the formula. Primary data were gathered using the Quizizz application among 81 students who are taking MAT238 in the semester September-December 2019. The data was analysed by mixed design analysis to assess the effectiveness between pre-workshop and post-workshop. FEFA is found to be one of the good mechanisms to assist students in learning activities.
Reducing image search time by improved BOVW with wavelet decomposition

&lt;p&gt;In the last decade, the bag of visual words (BOVW) has been used widely in image classification, image retrieval and has significantly improved the performance of CBIR system. In this paper we propose a new method to enhance BOVW using features obtained from wavelet decomposition in order to reduce computational costs in vocabulary construction and training time. We apply several level of wavelet decompositions and evaluate their impact on accuracy of the BOVW. We apply our method on MURA-v1.1 dataset and the experiments results confirm the performance of our approach.&lt;/p&gt;
PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA PRODUKTIF BERBASIS COOPERATIVE LEARNING: SEBUAH EKSPERIMEN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BRAIN DAN INVESTIGASI KELOMPOK

(Title: Learning Productive Language Skills Based on Cooperative Learning: AnExperiment of Brain Learning Models and Group Investigation). Course learning outcome (CPMK) provides clear direction for the learning process. In addition, it provides a real picture of actions and teaching and learning behavior for university students and lecturers. The learning processes and events that are interesting, fun, innovative, and creative will have a positive effect on the achievement of learning objectives. The statement indirectly requires lecturers to design and implement interesting learning models. The facts show that there are many learning models applied by lecturers that are not in accordance with the specified learning outcomes. The learning achievement of productive language skills (KBP) requires university students to be able to produce scientific papers published in the form of academic seminars. This demand has implications for the teacher’s obligation to prepare an interesting, effective, and fun learning model. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the BRAIN learning model on Productive Language Skills. This research was conducted at the Nusantara PGRI Kediri University in the odd semester of the 2019/2020 academic year with a sample of 62 students. The group was divided into 2 namely experiment and control. The experimental group used the BRAIN model and the control class used the Group Investigation model. The results showed that there were differences in the average language skills of students between the experimental class and the control class. If viewed from the KBP, the experimental class has an average value of 65.29 which is better than the control class of 63.88.Keywords: Brain Model, Group Investigation Model, Productive Language Skill
A novel absolute phase retrieval method requiring only three projected patterns

In fringe projection profilometry, phase unwrapping has long been a critical issue. Unwrapping methods can be classified as spatial unwrapping methods and temporal unwrapping methods. The spatial unwrapping method applies only to the surface of continuous objects. The temporal unwrapping method is more widely used and can be used on discontinuous or isolated objects. Nevertheless, the temporal unwrapping methods are suffering from time-consuming, such as the large number of pictures required (standard temporal unwrapping method, phase shift plus Gray code method), and high algorithm complexity (such as periodic encoding method, Fourier transform Method) Etc. Therefore, we propose a temporal unwrapping method using only three projection patterns. In this method, two linear gray scale increasing and decreasing pictures are used to obtain the cores global phase map and uniform illumination background. Another sine fringe image and the above uniformly illuminated background image are used to obtain the wrapped phase. Then the absolute phase can be achieved with the coarse global phase distribution and the wrapped phase. Experimental results prove that this method can measure three-dimensional scenes containing isolated objects.