Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Memory-Aided Contrastive Consensus Learning for Co-salient Object Detection

Co-salient object detection (CoSOD) aims at detecting common salient objects within a group of relevant source images. Most of the latest works employ the attention mechanism for finding common objects. To achieve accurate CoSOD results with high-quality maps and high efficiency, we propose a novel Memory-aided Contrastive Consensus Learning (MCCL) framework, which is capable of effectively detecting co-salient objects in real time (∼150 fps). To learn better group consensus, we propose the Group Consensus Aggregation Module (GCAM) to abstract the common features of each image group; meanwhile, to make the consensus representation more discriminative, we introduce the Memory-based Contrastive Module (MCM), which saves and updates the consensus of images from different groups in a queue of memories. Finally, to improve the quality and integrity of the predicted maps, we develop an Adversarial Integrity Learning (AIL) strategy to make the segmented regions more likely composed of complete objects with less surrounding noise. Extensive experiments on all the latest CoSOD benchmarks demonstrate that our lite MCCL outperforms 13 cutting-edge models, achieving the new state of the art (∼5.9% and ∼6.2% improvement in S-measure on CoSOD3k and CoSal2015, respectively). Our source codes, saliency maps, and online demos are publicly available at https://github.com/ZhengPeng7/MCCL.
LINGO : Visually Debiasing Natural Language Instructions to Support Task Diversity

Abstract Cross‐task generalization is a significant outcome that defines mastery in natural language understanding. Humans show a remarkable aptitude for this, and can solve many different types of tasks, given definitions in the form of textual instructions and a small set of examples. Recent work with pre‐trained language models mimics this learning style: users can define and exemplify a task for the model to attempt as a series of natural language prompts or instructions. While prompting approaches have led to higher cross‐task generalization compared to traditional supervised learning, analyzing ‘bias’ in the task instructions given to the model is a difficult problem, and has thus been relatively unexplored. For instance, are we truly modeling a task, or are we modeling a user's instructions? To help investigate this, we develop LINGO, a novel visual analytics interface that supports an effective, task‐driven workflow to (1) help identify bias in natural language task instructions, (2) alter (or create) task instructions to reduce bias, and (3) evaluate pre‐trained model performance on debiased task instructions. To robustly evaluate LINGO, we conduct a user study with both novice and expert instruction creators, over a dataset of 1,616 linguistic tasks and their natural language instructions, spanning 55 different languages. For both user groups, LINGO promotes the creation of more difficult tasks for pre‐trained models, that contain higher linguistic diversity and lower instruction bias. We additionally discuss how the insights learned in developing and evaluating LINGO can aid in the design of future dashboards that aim to minimize the effort involved in prompt creation across multiple domains.
Human–Computer Collaboration for Visual Analytics: an Agent‐based Framework

Abstract The visual analytics community has long aimed to understand users better and assist them in their analytic endeavors. As a result, numerous conceptual models of visual analytics aim to formalize common workflows, techniques, and goals leveraged by analysts. While many of the existing approaches are rich in detail, they each are specific to a particular aspect of the visual analytic process. Furthermore, with an ever‐expanding array of novel artificial intelligence techniques and advances in visual analytic settings, existing conceptual models may not provide enough expressivity to bridge the two fields. In this work, we propose an agent‐based conceptual model for the visual analytic process by drawing parallels from the artificial intelligence literature. We present three examples from the visual analytics literature as case studies and examine them in detail using our framework. Our simple yet robust framework unifies the visual analytic pipeline to enable researchers and practitioners to reason about scenarios that are becoming increasingly prominent in the field, namely mixed‐initiative, guided, and collaborative analysis. Furthermore, it will allow us to characterize analysts, visual analytic settings, and guidance from the lenses of human agents, environments, and artificial agents, respectively.
Don't Peek at My Chart: Privacy‐preserving Visualization for Mobile Devices

Abstract Data visualizations have been widely used on mobile devices like smartphones for various tasks (e.g., visualizing personal health and financial data), making it convenient for people to view such data anytime and anywhere. However, others nearby can also easily peek at the visualizations, resulting in personal data disclosure. In this paper, we propose a perception‐driven approach to transform mobile data visualizations into privacy‐preserving ones. Specifically, based on human visual perception, we develop a masking scheme to adjust the spatial frequency and luminance contrast of colored visualizations. The resulting visualization retains its original information in close proximity but reduces visibility when viewed from a certain distance or farther away. We conducted two user studies to inform the design of our approach (N=16) and systematically evaluate its performance (N=18), respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in terms of privacy preservation for mobile data visualizations.
WYTIWYR: A User Intent‐Aware Framework with Multi‐modal Inputs for Visualization Retrieval

Abstract Retrieving charts from a large corpus is a fundamental task that can benefit numerous applications such as visualization recommendations. The retrieved results are expected to conform to both explicit visual attributes (e.g., chart type, colormap) and implicit user intents (e.g., design style, context information) that vary upon application scenarios. However, existing example‐based chart retrieval methods are built upon non‐decoupled and low‐level visual features that are hard to interpret, while definition‐based ones are constrained to pre‐defined attributes that are hard to extend. In this work, we propose a new framework, namely WYTIWYR (What‐You‐Think‐Is‐What‐You‐Retrieve) , that integrates user intents into the chart retrieval process. The framework consists of two stages: first, the Annotation stage disentangles the visual attributes within the query chart; and second, the Retrieval stage embeds the user's intent with customized text prompt as well as bitmap query chart, to recall targeted retrieval result. We develop aprototype WYTIWYR system leveraging a contrastive language‐image pre‐training (CLIP) model to achieve zero‐shot classification as well as multi‐modal input encoding, and test the prototype on a large corpus with charts crawled from the Internet. Quantitative experiments, case studies, and qualitative interviews are conducted. The results demonstrate the usability and effectiveness of our proposed framework.
Frequency Domain Disentanglement for Arbitrary Neural Style Transfer

Arbitrary neural style transfer has been a popular research topic due to its rich application scenarios. Effective disentanglement of content and style is the critical factor for synthesizing an image with arbitrary style. The existing methods focus on disentangling feature representations of content and style in the spatial domain where the content and style components are innately entangled and difficult to be disentangled clearly. Therefore, these methods always suffer from low-quality results because of the sub-optimal disentanglement. To address such a challenge, this paper proposes the frequency mixer (FreMixer) module that disentangles and re-entangles the frequency spectrum of content and style components in the frequency domain. Since content and style components have different frequency-domain characteristics (frequency bands and frequency patterns), the FreMixer could well disentangle these two components. Based on the FreMixer module, we design a novel Frequency Domain Disentanglement (FDD) framework for arbitrary neural style transfer. Qualitative and quantitative experiments verify that the proposed method can render better stylized results compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Convergence and depopulation processes in the Center-Periphery system

The paper proposes advancement of a stratum demographic model characterized by the presence of two strata — the Center and the Periphery, which are different in respects of their way of life, development level and social values. The processes of convergence and depopulation in the heterogeneous system of the Center-Periphery type were studied. Various variants of “catch-up development” of the Periphery are considered within the framework of numerical simulation. Modes of economic growth that contribute to the convergence of income levels in the countries of the Center and the Periphery are indicated, depending on the value of the characteristic time of convergence. There are identified the regimes of a stable and supposedly irreversible depopulation of the Periphery. It is shown that economic participation of the Center in changing the situation in the Periphery countries might be necessary to achieve economic convergence for maintaining the stability of the entire system. As an explanatory principle of the observed phenomena, the institutional trap concept is proposed. A number of socio-economic interpretations of the dynamics of the Center-Periphery system as well as the possibility of the System behavior control by appropriate management decisions are discussed on the results of computer modeling. Further development of the proposed model may include studying other scenarios of economic interaction and taking into account additional demographic and migration parameters in the equations of economic growth.
Cybersecurity of Medical Data Based on Big Data and Privacy Protection Method

Big data brings new opportunities to discover the new value of healthcare industry, since it can help us understand the hidden value of data deeply. This also brings new challenges: how to effectively manage and organize these datasets. Throughout the whole life cycle of publishing, storing, mining, and using big data in health care, different users are involved, so there are corresponding privacy protection methods and technologies for different life cycles. Data usage is the last and most important part of the whole life cycle. Therefore, this article proposes a privacy protection method for large medical data: an access control based on credibility of the requesting user. This model evaluates and quantifies doctors' credibility from the perspective of behavioral trust. Comparative experiments show that under the background of linear, geometric and exponential distribution trends and mixed trends, the regression model in this article is better than the existing methods in predicting trust accuracy and trust trends.
Digital inequality and directions for overcoming it in the context of human capital development

The article is devoted to study of the conceptual aspects of digital inequality. The authors conducted an interdisciplinary analysis of this category. They reviewed the main approaches to understanding digital inequality. The definition of digital inequality has been clarified as a difference in access to digital opportunities in social, economic, political-demographic, cultural, educational and other areas that exist or deepen as a result of incomplete, uneven or insufficient access to information and communication, computer, telecommunications and digital technologies.There were examined conceptual components of the digital inequality: socio-economic access, competencies, knowledge and skills, psychological and motivational factors, digital literacy and culture, price, speed, content and quality of information and communication technologies and digital resources, infrastructure, institutional structure and political structure. The authors express and substantiate their position concerning the significant role of the digital divide in higher education in the formation of human capital and improvement of the population quality of life. It is proposed to understand the digital inequality in higher education as differences in access, quality of use and in the resulting effects of digital resources, information and communication technologies and the Internet in the learning process. There was made analysis of the digital divide in higher education in the context of a three-level research model for this category. The authors considered the opportunities and barriers to digitalization of higher education in the Russian Federation. They also identified characteristic drivers of the growing digital inequality and directions for reducing it the field of higher education, and namely: infrastructural, socially motivational, institutional. The practical significance of the study is related to the possibility and necessity of using the proposed activities in universities, regional and Federal development programs.
Performance of Selected Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms Used for Extreme Learning Machine

This work presents a research on Nature Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms (MA) used as optimizers in training process of Machine Learning method called Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). We tested 19 MA optimizers measuring their performance directly on sample datasets. The impact of input parameters such as number of hidden layer units, optimization stopping conditions and population size on the accuracy results, training and prediction time is evaluated here. Significant differences in performance of applied methods and their parameters’ values are detected. The most meaningful outcome of this paper shows that an increase of the number of MA iterations does not yield significant boost in accuracy with a huge increase in training time. Indeed a cap on number of MA iterations ranging from 1 to 5 is sufficient for analyzed machine learning tasks. In our research the best results are obtained for population size ranging between 50 and 100. Hybridized ELM outperforms classical implementation of ELM as higher accuracy is reached for the same number of neurons.
Improving sentence representation for vietnamese natural language understanding using optimal transport

Multilingual pre-trained language models have achieved impressive results on most natural language processing tasks. However, the performance is inhibited due to capacity limitations and their under-representation of pre-training data, especially for languages with limited resources. This has led to the creation of tailored pre-trained language models, in which the models are pre-trained on large amounts of monolingual data or domain specific corpus. Nevertheless, compared to relying on multiple monolingual models, utilizing multilingual models offers the advantage of multilinguality, such as generalization on cross-lingual resources. To combine the advantages of both multilingual and monolingual models, we propose KDDA - a framework that leverages monolingual models to a single multilingual model with the aim to improve sentence representation for Vietnamese. KDDA employs teacher-student framework and cross-lingual transfer that aims to adopt knowledge from two monolingual models (teachers) and transfers them into a unified multilingual model (student). Since the representations from the teachers and the student lie on disparate semantic spaces, we measure discrepancy between their distributions by using Sinkhorn Divergence - an optimal transport distance. We conduct experiments on two Vietnamese natural language understanding tasks, including machine reading comprehension and natural language inference. Experimental results show that our model outperforms other state-of-the-art models and yields competitive performances.
The Metric for Automatic Code Generation Based on Dynamic Abstract Syntax Tree

In order to improve the efficiency and quality of software development, automatic code generation technology is the current focus. The quality of the code generated by the automatic code generation technology is also an important issue. However, existing metrics for code automatic generation ignore that the programming process is a continuous dynamic changeable process. So the metric is a dynamic process. This article proposes a metric method based on dynamic abstract syntax tree (DAST). More specifically, the method first builds a DAST through the interaction in behavior information between the automatic code generation tool and programmer. Then the measurement contents are extracted on the DAST. Finally, the metric is completed with contents extracted. The experiment results show that the method can effectively realize the metrics of automatic code generation. Compared with the MAST method, the method in this article can improve the convergence speed by 80% when training the model, and can shorten the time-consuming by an average of 46% when doing the metric prediction.
Analysis of the "Dandruff Attack" on the Tron Network: Risks, Damage Assessment, and Solutions

This study, conducted by employees of Match Systems in November-December 2022, presents a subjective opinion on the potential involvement of certain addresses and transactions in suspicious activity. This research was initiated in response to reports from Match Systems' clients, that identified a new pattern of network attacks distinct from the well-known "Dust Attacks." The study relies solely on publicly available data and does not incorporate any additional information. The assessment and conclusions drawn are based on observed patterns of suspicious activity and have not been corroborated by court decisions or law enforcement agencies. The findings of this study do reveal the existence of a new threat, that has had detrimental effects on numerous users who have experienced frustration and financial losses. The study also offers recommendations for users to safeguard themselves and their funds. It is important to note that because of the subjective nature of this study, it should be taken into consideration alongside other sources of information. Careful analysis is necessary before implementing any actions based on its findings. Furthermore, given the constantly evolving landscape of cyber threats, individuals and organizations must remain vigilant and stay informed about the latest threats and best practices for protecting their assets.
Automatic classification method of power user’s requirements text based on parallel naive Bayesian algorithm

In order to ensure the efficiency of power user’s requirements processing, an automatic classification method for demand test of power users based on parallel naive Bayesian algorithm is proposed. Polynomial naive Bayes is selected to build Hadoop cluster, and the feature words of power user’s requirements are selected through chi square test. The weight of each feature item is calculated by word frequency-inverse text frequency index method, and the weight sum of each category is calculated. The weight sum is input into naive Bayes algorithm to output the text classification results of power user’s requirements. At the same time, The naive Bayes classification algorithm is parallelized and encapsulated to reduce the cost of data movement and exchange in the classification process, and improve the operation efficiency of demand text classification of power user. The experimental results show that this method can accurately extract the feature words of power user’s requirements, effectively realize the automatic classification of power user’s requirements text, and have a more accurate classification effect. The average fitness value of the proposed method tends to be stable after more than 20 training times, and the number of network convergence steps is 7. When the ratio of energy function is about 0.4 and 0.6, the average IU value is the highest. When the required number of texts ranges from 500 to 1500, the delay time of text classification is 0.02 s, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio is more than 33, among which the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio is 42.52, and the normalization coefficient is 1.
Conjunctive query answering over unrestricted OWL 2 ontologies

Conjunctive Query (CQ) answering is a primary reasoning task over knowledge bases. However, when considering expressive description logics, query answering can be computationally very expensive; reasoners for CQ answering, although heavily optimized, often sacrifice expressive power of the input ontology or completeness of the computed answers in order to achieve tractability and scalability for the problem. In this work, we present a hybrid query answering architecture that combines various services to provide a CQ answering service for OWL. Specifically, it combines scalable CQ answering services for tractable languages with a CQ answering service for a more expressive language approaching the full OWL 2. If the query can be fully answered by one of the tractable services, then that service is used, to ensure maximum performance. Otherwise, the tractable services are used to compute lower and upper bound approximations. The union of the lower bounds and the intersection of the upper bounds are then compared. If the bounds do not coincide, then the “gap” answers are checked using the “full” service. These techniques led to the development of two new systems: (i) RSAComb, an efficient implementation of a new tractable answering service for RSA (role safety acyclic) (ii) ACQuA, a reference implementation of the proposed hybrid architecture combining RSAComb, PAGOdA, and HermiT to provide a CQ answering service for OWL. Our extensive evaluation shows how the additional computational cost introduced by reasoning over a more expressive language like RSA can still provide a significant improvement compared to relying on a fully-fledged reasoner. Additionally, we show how ACQuA can reliably match the performance of PAGOdA, a state-of-the-art CQ answering system that uses a similar approach, and can significantly improve performance when PAGOdA extensively relies on the underlying fully-fledged reasoner.
Intelligent analysis of landscape architecture based on digital technology under 5G network

In the wake of the wide promotion of 5G network, the era of super-high-speed networks and the Internet of Everything is approaching. Combining digital technologies led by 5G with landscape architecture has become an important way for the sustainable development of garden ecology. In order to achieve refined management of gardens and improve the accuracy and consistency of garden environmental data monitoring, this study constructs a new IoT sensor multi data fusion algorithm model. Considering the high redundancy and large error data collected by multiple sensors, this paper proposes a multi data fusion algorithm based on adaptive trust estimation and improved D-S evidence theory. The experimental data demonstrates that matched with IGA-BP, algorithm in this paper obtained the largest fitness value and the fastest convergence speed in three sensor application scenarios with different numbers of nodes. The lowest values were obtained in terms of unit energy consumption and network latency indicators. In the monitoring experiment for environmental data of landscape architecture, the algorithm obtained lower relative error and mean square error than IGA-BP in four environmental parameters of temperature, humidity, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration. Therefore, the algorithm is effective in real-time monitoring of landscape garden environmental data, and can provide decision-making data for garden management as a reference.