Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The Role of Representational Meaning of Images in Supporting Ideational Meaning in English in Mind: Studentsâ€™ Book

Textbooks have an essential function to guide studentsâ€™ activities in learning English language and also to provide the materials for teachers in teaching English language. In a textbook, a text is also accompanied by images which can be used to explain the content of the text, or the function of the image is to make the text understandable for the readers. This study investigated visual metafunctions of the images in supporting linguistics metafunction of the texts in studentsâ€™ textbook. The objectives of this study were to explain the representation of representational meanings of the images in supporting the ideational meanings of the texts. Using the framework of Grammar of Visual Design by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006) and Systemic Functional Linguistics by Halliday (1994) and Eggins (2004), this study used discourse analysis as the research approach. The source was reading texts in English in Mind: Studentsâ€™ Book on Culture in Mind sections. The objects of this study was reading texts which were supported by images. The units were clauses in reading texts and visual items, including vectors, colours, image acts, gazes, size of frames and social distance of the images.The findings revealed that the representational meanings of the images supported the ideational meanings of the texts because the images tried to give depiction of the verbal texts to make the readers could comprehend the texts easily. The presence of narrative representational meaning and the presence of material process inform the situation happened in the stories.
Advocating a statistical definition for the BRDF

Abstract The definition of BRDF as a ratio of radiance to irradiance assumes that the geometrical optics framework applies, implicitly meaning that spatial coherence and diffraction of light have no significant effect in the reflection process. However, recent applications of BRDF push at increasing the angular resolution and thus at reducing the solid angles for illumination and collection. Therefore speckle, an optical effect inherent to the stochastic nature of scattering objects, becomes apparent. We suggest that BRDF should be redefined as the statistical average over that effect.
System characterization report on Planet SkySat

First posted January 7, 2022 For additional information, contact: Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) CenterU.S. Geological Survey47914 252nd StreetSioux Falls, SD 57198Contact Pubs Warehouse This report addresses system characterization of Planet’s SkySat and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.SkySat is a constellation of submeter resolution Earth observation satellites providing analytics services, high-definition video, and imagery. The goal for the constellation is to capture multiple daily repeats of high-resolution imagery over any spot on the Earth. As of September 2020, 21 SkySat satellites have been launched, and the first launch occurred in November 2013. More information on Planet satellites and sensors is available in the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and from the manufacturer at https://www.planet.com/.The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that SkySat has an interior geometric performance in the range of a 0.38- (0.47 pixel) to 0.75-meter (m; 0.93 pixel) root mean square error in easting and a 0.27- (0.33 pixel) to 0.55-m (0.68 pixel) root mean square error in northing, in band-to-band registration; an exterior geometric performance in the range of 0.26 (0.32 pixel) to 1.04 m (1.28 pixels) offset in comparison to ground control points; a radiometric performance in the range of 0.033 to 0.797 (linear regression); and a spatial performance in the range of 3.7 to 4.3 pixels at full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.004 to 0.009.
Embedded fuzzy controller for water level control

This article presents the design of a fuzzy controller embedded in a microcontroller aimed at implementing a low-cost, modular process control system. The fuzzy system's construction is based on a classical proportional and derivative controller, where inputs of error and its derivate depend on the difference between the desired setpoint and the actual level; the goal is to control the water level of coupled tanks. The process is oriented to control based on the knowledge that facilitates the adjustment of the output variable without complex mathematical modeling. In different response tests of the fuzzy controller, a maximum over-impulse greater than 8% or a steady-state error greater than 2.1% was not evidenced when varying the setpoint.
Exploring Students’ Online Learning Readiness during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of an English Class in an Indonesian Junior High School

Online learning readiness has become crucial and needs to be considered to support E-learning from various perspectives. This article sought to discover the E-learning Readiness (ELR) factors from students’ perspectives during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Fifty-two seventh-grade Junior High School students in Indonesia participated in this study. This quantitative research used thirty-nine items in a questionnaire as the data collection instrument modified from Teddy and Swatman’s (2006) model known as E-learning Readiness (ELR) factors. The model utilized six factors, namely (1) students’ readiness, (2) teachers’ readiness, (3) internet access supports, (4) management supports, (5) school culture, and (6) E-learning tendencies. The findings indicated that the students’ readiness toward E-learning had an ELR score of 69%, which means they were ready for E-learning but needed slight improvement. The results showed students experienced difficulties (i.e., they were untrained in operating electronic devices, the devices lagged during the online teaching-learning process, and they had trouble following the English material due to the lack of instruction from English teachers) in implementing E-learning. The writer concluded that the student readiness towards E-learning was considered capable and ready but required some improvement from various aspects.&#x0D;
APPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL VIDEO IN CREATIVE PROJECTS OF JOURNALISTS STUDENTS IN DISTANCE LEARNING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DISCIPLINE: “SPECIALIZATION: INTERNET, TELEVISION”)

The importance of effective organization of the educational process in training of competent specialists - future journalists has been accentuated in the paper. The authors outlined the role of student assessment as a way of orienting higher education towards the personality of an applicant, actively involving them in the educational process, which has an impact on the self-improvement and professionalism of a future specialist. The relevance of innovation practices in distance learning has been substantiated. A scientific review of educational research on distance learning has been implemented. The notions of “educational video”, “video accompaniment”, “video lecture”, “tutorial” and “screencast” have been defined. The main types of educational have been described alongside with the specifics of their creation. The algorithm of creation of educational video has been analyzed and proven to be effective tools. The features and technology of creating educational videos and application of YouTube channels as an interactive platform for the presentation of educational videos of student journalists have been considered. The special features of video lectures given by the fourth year of study journalists have been described. The topics and content of the lecture, specifics of video production, and use of technical programs have been outlined. The difficulties in producing, creating, and installing various types of educational videos have been accentuated. The creation of a video product for independent and individual tasks has been outlined. The introduction of new forms of organization of the educational process is intended to provide future media professionals with the necessary skills and competencies. It focuses on the advice and recommendations of higher education applicants on the advisability of introducing such forms of instruction into the educational process.
Valuation of copyrights to audiovisual works: transparency practices of the copyright management organizations in the European Union

Motivation: The functioning of the audiovisual sector strongly depends on the use of copyrights and related rights. Problems with their clearing could harm the functioning of companies and might even lead to strong financial problems. The distribution of copyright-protected audiovisual works requires the licensing of rights by different rightsholders. Some of them are represented by Copyright Management Organizations (CMOs), which allow users to clear rights for many works without individual negotiations. Fees paid to CMOs for copyright-protected content constitute a significant part of operating costs for companies like TV stations, cable operators, VoD (Video on Demand) platforms. In case of intellectual properties for audiovisual works, CMOs make the valuation. They have been facing legal challenges due to subjective valuations as a result of being monopolies in the local market of the represented country and lack of transparency.&#x0D; Aim: This work explores the transparency of 21 CMOs in 4 EU countries due to their expected to be an integrated market status as the result of political and economic amalgamation. In addition to the adoption of The European Union Directive on collective management of copyright and multi-territorial licensing of rights, as part of the EU’s Digital Single Market project, this exploratory research, with comparative analysis of CMOs using the linear ordering methods, explains the necessity of an epagogic approach to creating correct institutions besides directives and laws, such as central observation, an ombudsman for conflict management, or an official body to employ these features in one structure to actively govern the market.&#x0D; Results: The conducted analysis allowed us to reflect on the importance of transparency and taxonomic mapping of the audiovisual market landscape will be the guideline to flatten the copyright valuation divergence in the EU and eventually will pave the way for fewer disputes and more innovations.
Distribution Pattern of Children with Acute Respiratory Infection during Forest fire at Central Kalimantan Indonesia

Over the past 30 years, forest fire has been one of main ecological issues in Indonesia. Human-caused deforestation was accused to be the reason behind this matter, apart from the drastic changing in global climate. Palangkaraya is one of the citiesaffected by haze of the forest fire in 2015; considered to be the worst year of forest fire with the value of PM10 was above the normal threshold. As the impact to the community wellbeing, the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in October 2015was increasing especially in children. The research aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of children with ARI in October 2015 at Palangkaraya City. Data onARI number were collected from Primary Care under Public Health Office of Palangkaraya City. The PM 10 value was collected bythe Environmental Agency of Palangkaraya City. The spatial analyse method was conducted using theAverage Nearest Neighbour (ANN) method. The result shows that the number of ANN ratio is 0.761801. It means that the distribution pattern of children with ARI in Central Kalimantan during the forest fire in October 2015 was in cluster form. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 171-174
Investigating the Income Inequality in Indonesia: An Application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach

This study investigates the effect of economic growth, urban population, unemployment, and human capital on income inequality in Indonesia. Annual data collected from World Development Indicator (WDI) is used from 1984 to 2019. The analytical method of this research is Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to examine the short and long-term relationships. The results show that economic growth positively and significantly affects income inequality in the short and long term. The urban population variable has a significant negative effect in the short term but not in the long term. The unemployment variable has a significant positive effect in the long run. Finally, human capital negatively affects the short term while not in the long term. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government stabilize inequality by increasing progressive taxes, creating jobs, providing soft skills training beyond formal education, and socializing the concept of commuter work.
Potential Force Algorithm with Kinematic Control as Path Planning for Disinfection Robot

The disinfection robot is a virus-sterilizing robot that uses a nonholonomic robot model. Route planning algorithms are needed to allow disinfection robots to sterilize rooms in unknown areas and perform the task while navigating using a potential field algorithm. There is a problem applying the algorithm to nonholonomic robots: avoiding obstacles. The proposed route planning algorithm has been transformed into a potential force used to plan the path of disinfection robots in static and dynamic environments and environments with static obstacles. A potential field algorithm is used. There are some issues when the potential force algorithm is applied to nonholonomic disinfection robots in the area. Like any other robot, it takes a long time to avoid static obstacles. Therefore, this paper proposed a potential force algorithm that allows a robot to move towards a target point while avoiding static obstacles. The algorithm showed that a modified potential field algorithm with potential force could be applied to differential-driven robots for path planning. The disinfection robot could avoid obstacles with a faster response using this algorithm.
Time-Frequency Properties of the Short-Time Linear Canonical Transform and Its Application

The short-time linear canonical transform (STLCT) is a novel time-frequency analysis tool, which has attracted some attention recently. However, its applications in signal processing are limited because the time-frequency properties of the STLCT are still little known. Most existing studies focus on mathematical properties rather than time-frequency properties in signal processing. To handle this problem, first, we investigate some basic time-frequency properties such as 2-D resolution of the time-frequency plane, the STLCT domain support, computation of the STLCT, etc by generalizing the short-time Fourier transform to the STLCT. Then, based on these derived properties, we find that the Gaussian window is optimal window of the STLCT. Signal separation verified the results.
Project Method Efficiency for the Teachers’ Professional Activities

The relevance of the study is based on the discrepancy between the need for the project management program-methodical support and insufficient development in pedagogical practice. Aims. The aim of the study is to examine the effective development and implementation of the project method in the HEI from the standpoint of pedagogy as a new type of educational process management. Methods: questionnaire methods and pedagogical observation methods. The following questionnaires were used. E. Torrance’s “Tests of Creative Thinking” method. An “unfinished thesis” method (J. Sachs, S. Levy). Questionnaire for self-evaluation of the teacher’s knowledge and skills during transition to teaching using a new pedagogical technology by N.V. Nemova. Method for teacher’s basic competencies evaluation by L.A. Adambaeva. Statistical calculations were performed using Kendall’s T coefficient and chi-squared test. Results. The number of students with a high level of personality orientation increased only by 5.3%, and those with a high level of creative activity - by 8.7%. We can’t speak about a significant decrease in the number of students who at the end of the experiment had a low level of the aesthetic position formation. Thus, the number of students who showed developed creative thinking in project activities became only 5.3% less than at the beginning of the experiment. Conclusions. A significant increase in the general level of cognitive competence formation in the experimental group in comparison with the control group is explained by purposeful work with students, taking into account special pedagogical conditions. Perspectives. Further study can be carried out towards the development and implementation of a project method to improve the competencies acquisition, taking into account future professional activities.
A STUDY ON THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN EXTROVERT VS INTROVERT IN LEARNING ENGLISH

This paper aims to examine the differences abilities between extrovert and introvert personality in learning English. This study describes the differences in the ability of speaking, writing, listening and reading. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Data were obtained by conducting observations and interviews with research subjects. The subjects of this study were students of the third semester of English Education at IAIN Pekalongan. The analysis in this study uses a descriptive analysis related to the differences in English skills in extroverts and introverts. The results showed that the differences between extroverted and introverted personalities on the ability to learn English. In speaking skills, extroverted students are more mastery than introverted students. While writing, listening, and reading skills introverted students are more mastered. But in the aspect of pronunciation accent, extroverts' vocabulary and fluency are superior than introverts. Introverts good in grammar, and comprehension. On the other hand, introverts have superior writing skills in terms of vocabulary, content, and expression. whereas extroverts only excel in terms of content and expression. The spelling and grammar is not influenced by the personality.Therefore each personality have own skills or advantages and disadvantages.
Text Readability Level Investigation about Biology Subjects-related Units in 'Science 7 Textbook'

This study investigates text readability level investigation about biology subjects-related units in 'Science 7 Textbook'. A document analysis method was used in this study based on a qualitative research approach. The textbook, which has been used since the 2019-2020 academic year, has been selected as the study material. In the textbook, a total of 15 texts were randomly determined from two units related to biology subjects, one for each of the learning outcomes specified in the 2018 Science Course Curriculum. In calculating the readability levels of the texts, the 'Ateşman Readability Formula' was used. The findings obtained as a result of the analysis showed that the overall readability levels of the texts in both units were in the 'medium difficulty' category. Furthermore, when the findings of each unit were examined on a subject basis, it was determined that the texts belonging to all of the topics included in both units (Cell and Divisions, Reproduction, Growth and Development in Living Beings) were found in the 'medium' category. These findings were interpreted as the science textbook prepared for the seventh grade for the student level in terms of readability.
Student Services App

Cross-platform mobile application development is the pressing priority in today’s world and generation. Developers are enforced to either construct the same application numerous times for various OS (operating systems) or accept a low-quality similar solution that trades native speed and accuracy for portability. Flutter is an open-source SDK for developing high-performance and more reliable mobile applications for operating systems like iOS, Android and even windows [1]. Flutter is Google’s UI toolkit for building beautiful, natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase. Student Service App is an automation which will provide duplicate degree, duplicate marksheet, migration, transcript, provisional degree and document verification services to all registered the Universities. It will provide University services related to academics to its registered students via mobile devices on their finger tips for which they have to be present physically at respective places. It has Service oriented architecture so that it will be integrated to the existing ERP (Web Portal) of the different universities.
Eucalyptus Leaves as Potential Indicators of Gold Mine in Indonesia

Eucalyptus is a plant that is able to absorb gold (Au) particles from the soil and store them in the leaves. Eucalyptus roots have the ability to penetrate the soil of the calcrete zone, which is rich in the mineral calcium (Ca). Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. and contains Au particles as impurities, making this plant a potential natural indicator (biogeochemical) of potential Au metal mining. The Au content in eucalyptus leaves can be determined by using the XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) instrumentation material analysis method for qualitative analysis and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) for quantitative results. The form of XRF characterization of the intensity versus energy spectrum of certain elements from the XRF analysis results obtained is a spectrum with a peak power of 9.731 keV which indicates the presence of Au metal in the sample. The results obtained qualitatively are the Au metal content in the eucalyptus leaf sample of (9.0 ± 0.5) ppm. However, the Au metal content in each leaf sample was different. This provides information that Eucalyptus from different plants has the potential to be a biogeochemical indicator of potential Au metal mining in Indonesia