Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Spectrum-based feature localization for families of systems

In large code bases, locating the elements that implement concrete features of a system is challenging. This information is paramount for maintenance and evolution tasks, although not always explicitly available. In this work, motivated by the needs of locating features as a first step for feature-based Software Product Line adoption, we propose a solution for improving the performance of existing approaches. For this, relying on an automatic feature localization approach to locate features in single-systems, we propose approaches to deal with feature localization in the context of families of systems, e.g., variants created through opportunistic reuse such as clone-and-own. Our feature localization approaches are built on top of Spectrum-based feature localization (SBFL) techniques, supporting both dynamic feature localization (i.e., using execution traces as input) and static feature localization (i.e., relying on the structural decomposition of the variants' implementation). Concretely, we provide (i) a characterization of different settings for dynamic SBFL in single systems, (ii) an approach to improve accuracy of dynamic SBFL for families of systems, and (iii) an approach to use SBFL as a static feature localization technique for families of systems. The proposed approaches are evaluated using the consolidated ArgoUML SPL feature localization benchmark. The results suggest that some settings of SBFL favor precision such as using the ranking metrics Wong2, Ochiai2, or Tarantula with high threshold values, while most of the ranking metrics with low thresholds favor recall. The approach to use information from variants increase the precision of dynamic SBFL while maintaining recall even with few number of variants, namely two or three. Finally, the static SBFL approach performs equally in terms of accuracy to other state-of-the-art approaches, such as Formal Concept Analysis and Interdependent Elements.
A Study on the satisfaction of Chinese bed and breakfast based on big data reviews

Purpose B&amp;B stays have enjoyed popularity in China over recent decades. Online reviews can truly and objectively reflect consumers' satisfaction. Using the network text analysis method, this study analyses the overall satisfaction, the trend of satisfaction, and the main factors affecting consumers' satisfaction by taking the TOP50 online reviews of China B&amp;B as the sample. The results show that the overall satisfaction degree of the Top 50 of China's B&amp;B List is relatively high, and it has continuously improved in the past three years. But there are still some negative evaluations. The core competitiveness is service, focusing on personalized needs and humanistic care, while the weakness in the room hardware is also important to improve satisfaction. The personalized service, infrastructure, the service process, and internal &amp; external environment should be improved to improve consumers' satisfaction with the homestay. The research attempts to provide theoretical and practical references for improving service quality.
Energy-Based Continuous Inverse Optimal Control

The problem of continuous inverse optimal control (over finite time horizon) is to learn the unknown cost function over the sequence of continuous control variables from expert demonstrations. In this article, we study this fundamental problem in the framework of energy-based model, where the observed expert trajectories are assumed to be random samples from a probability density function defined as the exponential of the negative cost function up to a normalizing constant. The parameters of the cost function are learned by maximum likelihood via an "analysis by synthesis" scheme, which iterates (1) synthesis step: sample the synthesized trajectories from the current probability density using the Langevin dynamics via back-propagation through time, and (2) analysis step: update the model parameters based on the statistical difference between the synthesized trajectories and the observed trajectories. Given the fact that an efficient optimization algorithm is usually available for an optimal control problem, we also consider a convenient approximation of the above learning method, where we replace the sampling in the synthesis step by optimization. Moreover, to make the sampling or optimization more efficient, we propose to train the energy-based model simultaneously with a top-down trajectory generator via cooperative learning, where the trajectory generator is used to fast initialize the synthesis step of the energy-based model. We demonstrate the proposed methods on autonomous driving tasks, and show that they can learn suitable cost functions for optimal control.
Communicative language teaching method at improving students� macro and micro-skills of reading comprehension in intensive reading course

Several university students seem to meet difficulties in reading comprehension. The lecturer needs to use a suitable method for teaching reading; one of them is Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). This research aims to analyse whether CLT improves students' macro-skills and micro-skills of reading comprehension in an intensive reading course. Research method employed in this study is a case study. The research participants were 21 first-semester students of a private university in Indonesia. The instruments were close-ended questionnaires and open-ended interviews. The findings showed that there was a significant improvement on students' macro-skills and micro-skills of reading comprehension in an intensive reading course after implementing CLT. Students also contend that learning reading using CLT is fun, engaging, and understandable. The researchers conclude that the CLT contributes learners� macro-skills and micro-skills of reading comprehension in the intensive reading course.
Quizizz as an assessment media at EFL teaching: Students� voices

This study aims to determine students' perceptions of using Quizizz as an English assessment medium. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method taken one month to collect data using close-ended questionnaire as the instrument. The sample used in this study was 3 classes in Grade 10 at SMA N 2 Semarang in the 2021/2022 academic year with a total of 108 students. From the data collection of the questionnaire distribution, it shows that 88.9% or 96 of students have positive perceptions and 5.6% or 6 of students have neutral perceptions, and 5,6% or 6 students have negative perceptions of the use of Quizizz as a medium for assessing English in their classes. It can be concluded that students in Grade 10 at SMA N 2 Semarang have a positive perception of the use of Quizizz. The students thought that the Quizizz media was a fun medium and very suitable to be used by teachers because the media was very interesting and practical to use for English assessment media.�
Repetition markers in junior high school students� essays

Repetition plays an important role in an essay because it functions to connect one proposition to another in an essay. However, junior high school students as writers are still often found using repetition markers that do not show a clear function as a means of affirmation and their appearance in student essays tend to be boring for readers. This study aims to identify and explore the form of using repetition as a marker of propositional relations in junior high school students' essays. This research uses a qualitative approach and is categorized into the type of discourse analysis research. This study involved 94 eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Balikpapan as research subjects. The data in this study were collected using a technique as proposed by (Sudaryanto, 2015), namely the simak-catat technique and interview technique. The data analysis of this research consisted of three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that there are three types of repetition that are utilized as a means to link one proposition to another in the research subject's essay, namely exactly the same repetition, repetition with shapeshifting, and repetition with a partial disappearance. Among the three categories, exactly the same repetition is dominantly used so that it becomes the hallmark of the research subject's essay. The repetition of elements of the proposition that is repeated is also found in the essay of the research subject, causing boredom or redundancy. The findings of this study have an important contribution for teachers and education practitioners to optimize the literacy culture and students' critical thinking so that they are skilled in using repetition as a marker of propositional relations in written language.
Personal pronouns It� as politeness marker in Manggarai language and culture, Indonesia

Culture is about human existence and the way of life, while language is about the communication system between people in a particular society or community. Language use usually reflects the habits of society, the way of thinking, the work of the brain, the history of society, and the internal relationship in society. The use of personal pronoun inclusive we it� in Manggarai language helps speakers find out the relationship between linguistic aspects and cultural values. Based on these arguments, this study aims to analyze the relationship between the two aspects that are being addressed. The data were collected through observations and interviews of the ten traditional spokespersons, then analyzed qualitatively. The finding indicates that the use of it� in all of its forms reflects the etiquette of people in Manggarai, Indonesia. Referring to the data stated, this study, therefore, concludes that the first personal pronoun plural inclusive we it�, in Manggarai language and culture demonstrates the speaker's politeness and humility in front of the hearer or listener; the speaker truly respects the interlocutor; to convey high regard for the interlocutor in a high position; to prove tribute, respect, and admiration; to show intimacy, closeness, and fraternity in the social relationship; and to show a great homage to Supreme Being.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN ÉJAAN BAHASA BALI LATIN PADA FANPAGE PENYULUH BAHASA BALI KABUPATEN BANGLI

Analysis of writing errors in The Latin Balinese language is very important to do, especially for writings uploaded on digital media such as the Balinese Language Extension Fanpage of Bangli Regency which can be easily accessed and disseminated. This study examined the form of Latin Balinese language errors on the Balinese Language Extension Fanpage of Bangli Regency; Factors that caused the occurrence of Latin Balinese language errors on the Balinese Language Extension Fanpage of Bangli Regency; and efforts that can be made to minimize the occurrence of Writing errors in Balinese Latin on the Fanpage of Balinese Language Extension Workers of Bangli Regency. The theories used in this study are the theory of language error analysis and the theory of motivation. This type of research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The data collection technique in this study used interview techniques and document studies. The collected data is analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and then drawing conclusions. The results showed: (1) The form of Latin Balinese language errors on the Fanpage of the Balinese Language Extension Officer of Bangli Regency, namely: (a) Capital letter writing errors, (b) Letter writing errors, (c) Preposition writing errors, (d) Pronoun writing errors, (e) Italic writing errors, (f) Punctuation errors. (2) Factors causing errors in Latin Balinese, namely: (a) Mistake factors,(b) Error factors (human error and technological errors). (3) Efforts to minimize errors in the writing of Balinese Latin, namely: (1) Efforts to minimize human error, (2) Efforts to minimize technological errors.
Resurrect3D: An Open and Customizable Platform for Visualizing and Analyzing Cultural Heritage Artifacts

Art and culture, at their best, lie in the act of discovery and exploration. This paper describes Resurrect3D, an open visualization platform for both casual users and domain experts to explore cultural artifacts. To that end, Resurrect3D takes two steps. First, it provides an interactive cultural heritage toolbox, providing not only commonly used tools in cultural heritage such as relighting and material editing, but also the ability for users to create an interactive "story": a saved session with annotations and visualizations others can later replay. Second, Resurrect3D exposes a set of programming interfaces to extend the toolbox. Domain experts can develop custom tools that perform artifact-specific visualization and analysis.
Dynamic controller that operates over homomorphically encrypted data for infinite time horizon

In this paper, we present a dynamic feedback controller that computes the next state and the control signal over encrypted data using homomorphic properties of cryptosystems, whose performance is equivalent to the linear dynamic controllers over real-valued data. Assuming that the input as well as the output of the plant is encrypted and transmitted back to the controller, it is shown that the state matrix of any linear time-invariant controller can be always converted to a matrix of integer components. This allows the dynamic feedback controller to operate for infinite time horizon without decryption or reset of its internal state. For implementation in practice, we illustrate the use of a cryptosystem that is based on the Learning With Errors problem, which allows both multiplication and addition over encrypted data. It is also shown that the effect of injected random numbers during encryption for security can be maintained within a small bound by way of the closed-loop stability.
Proposed new modification of AES algorithm for data security

In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding information. This process converts the original representation of the information, known as plaintext, into an alternative form known as cipher text. Ideally, only authorized parties can decipher a cipher text back to plaintext and access the original information. Encryption does not itself prevent interference but denies the intelligible content to a would-be interceptor. AES is based on a design principle known as a substitution–permutation network, and is efficient in both software and hardware. Unlike its predecessor DES, AES does not use a Feistel network. AES is a variant of Rijndael, with a fixed block size of 128 bits, and a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits. By contrast, Rijndael per se is specified with block and key sizes that may be any multiple of 32 bits, with a minimum of 128 and a maximum of 256 bits. In this research, a method has been suggested using the encryption algorithm multiple and serially since it was used4) - AES (implemented serially. The proposed algorithm is faster because it encrypts 64 bytes together. It encrypts all kinds of data and the number of files that are encrypted (2048) file and in one as it is possible to encrypt several files or one file at the same time. The performance of this technique has been done by computer using mathlab package.
Chinese Character Component Deformation Based on AHP

Since Chinese characters are composed of components, deforming the components in a small number of existing calligraphy characters to generate new characters is an effective method to produce a Chinese character library in the same style. Usually, the component deformation is achieved by affine transformation. However, when calculating the parameters in affine transformation, existing methods usually have the problems of a large amount of manual participation or complicated calculation. In this paper, we proposed an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based Chinese character component deformation method, which is simple in calculation and can effectively realize the deformation of Chinese character components on the basis of reducing manual intervention. We first determined the factors that affect the selection of control points in affine transformation, then used AHP to calculate the weights of feature points and select the control points according to the weights. As a prerequisite for affine transformation, a matching method of Chinese character feature points based on the Chinese character skeleton map and neighborhood information is also proposed, which helps to achieve more efficient deformation. Experimental results on different fonts demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of our method.
Method for Generating Panoramic Textures for 3D Face Reconstruction Based on the 3D Morphable Model

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques are playing an increasingly important role in education and entertainment. Real and recognizable avatars can enhance the immersion and interactivity of virtual systems. In 3D face modeling technology, face texture carries vital face recognition information. Therefore, this study proposes a panoramic 3D face texture generation method for 3D face reconstruction from a single 2D face image based on a 3D Morphable model (3DMM). Realistic and comprehensive panoramic facial textures can be obtained using generative networks as texture converters. Furthermore, we propose a low-cost method for generating face texture datasets for data collection. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate panoramic face textures for 3D face meshes from a single image input, resulting in the final generation of textured 3D models that look realistic from different viewpoints.
THE SUBSTANCIAL RELEVANCE OF THE THEORY OF REGISTERS OF SEMIOTIC REPRESENTATION IN THE MATHEMATICAL LEARNING OF THE RATIONAL NUMBERS IN THE VISION OF RAYMUNDO DUVAL

This study aims to analyze how semiotic representations can efficiently contribute to the learning of rational numbers in a clear and accessible way, enabling a gain in the cognitive functioning of students in accessing rational numbers, in terms of coordination and production in interpretation of the quality of knowledge, applying algebraic and geometric problem solving mechanisms, improving understanding.As a methodological procedure, a field research was adopted, where 32 students from two classes of Elementary School, of both sexes, belonging to two State Schools in the State of Pernambuco were interviewed.It was evident in this study that the elements introduced to reduce the difficulties in relation to the rational ones were of great significance in teaching and learning, especially from the point of view of the evolution between the first and second tests proposed to the students.It was possible to evaluate the practice in the comparison of results in relation to the difficulties that we seek to minimize.
A Configurable Multilingual Model is All You Need to Recognize All Languages

Multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have shown great promise in recent years because of the simplified model training and deployment process. Conventional methods either train a universal multilingual model without taking any language information or with a 1-hot language ID (LID) vector to guide the recognition of the target language. In practice, the user can be prompted to pre-select several languages he/she can speak. The multilingual model without LID cannot well utilize the language information set by the user while the multilingual model with LID can only handle one pre-selected language. In this paper, we propose a novel configurable multilingual model (CMM) which is trained only once but can be configured as different models based on users' choices by extracting language-specific modules together with a universal model from the trained CMM. Particularly, a single CMM can be deployed to any user scenario where the users can pre-select any combination of languages. Trained with 75K hours of transcribed anonymized Microsoft multilingual data and evaluated with 10-language test sets, the proposed CMM improves from the universal multilingual model by 26.0%, 16.9%, and 10.4% relative word error reduction when the user selects 1, 2, or 3 languages, respectively. CMM also performs significantly better on code-switching test sets.
Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition System Based on the Wavelet Packet Decomposition

This paper attempts to recognize Arabic handwriting based on the Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) using two different classifiers (Support Vector Machine SVM with three kernels and k-Nearest Neighbors K-NN). The proposed approach of recognizing Arabic handwriting contains three major stages including image preprocessing, extracting the features of the image, and classification. Firstly, the diacritics are removed using the opening morphological operation (i.e image preprocessing). Secondly, extracting the structure of the paragraph using the morphological method. Finally, the word image size is converted into a suitable size for the next stages. To extract features from the image, the WPD method was adopted to extract the features of Arabic handwriting as the transformation method of feature space. This extracts the Arabic global features to be classified in the last stage using the SVM with polynomial kernel and K-NN. The proposed approach of recognizing Arabic handwriting was tested on IFN/ENIT dataset by rescaling images into various sizes, 93.7% when the SVM with polynomial kernel is used, K-NN classifier achieved accuracy rate is 88.4%.
Auto-Threshold Dynamic Memory Efficient Frequent Pattern Growth for Data Excavation

Discovering patterns from large datasets is inevitable in the modern data driven civilization. Many research works, and business models are depending on this data excavation task. An efficient method for identifying and categorizing different data patterns from an exponentially growing database is required to perform a clear data excavation. A set of fresh processes such as Repeat Pattern Finder, Repeat Pattern Table, Repeat Pattern Threshold Analyzer, and Repeat Pattern Node are conceptualized in this work named as Auto-Threshold Dynamic Memory Efficient Frequent Pattern Growth for Data Excavation (AT-DME-FP). The main motive of this work is to improve the Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F-Score along with the decrease in time and memory consumption. AT-DME-FP is contrived in a way to reduce the consumption of computational resources to match the modern data mining outgrowth. The memory reduction ability of AT-DME-FP makes it possible to use it with big data seamlessly.
The Application of Geologic Mapping, Core Logging, and 3-D Geoscientific Data Integration in the Exploration and Resource Expansion of Porphyry Copper-(Gold) Deposits: Examples from Recent Discoveries in Ecuador and Chile

Abstract The collection of accurate geologic data is critical in minerals exploration. The successful visualization, integration, and interpretation of quantitative vein abundance data, associated selvages of wall-rock alteration mineralogy, sulfide mineral proportions, and metal zoning facilitate the path to discovery and orebody delineation. The application of the Anaconda method, developed by the Anaconda Copper Mining Company geologists in the 1960s, to geologic mapping and drill core logging has facilitated the discovery and resource expansion in the giant Alpala porphyry Cu-Au-Ag deposit in northern Ecuador and the Cortadera porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit cluster in northern Chile. In both porphyry systems, high-grade zones have been targeted through the delineation of an intrusion and vein chronology that allows for the recognition of early-stage causal intrusions, zones of abundant porphyry-style quartz veins, and elevated chalcopyrite to pyrite ratios. Increased amounts of molybdenum, as molybdenite along fractures and in quartz veins, as well as anhydrite veins and disseminations, correlate with proximity to the deposit cores. The field-based methods presented in this article have proven useful in porphyry exploration for decades. The application of the Anaconda method of geologic mapping and core logging by geologists can assist in the targeting of high-grade cores of deposits and improved estimation of metal resources.