Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Documents of Foundations of Turkestan Scientific Societies in The National Archive of Uzbekistan

Objectives: The primary objective of this article is to delve into the study of archival documents and scientific societies of Turkestan that operated during the second half of the 19th to the early 20th centuries. Specifically, the focus is on archival materials housed in the National Archive of Uzbekistan. The article aims to shed light on the activities of these scientific societies and provide insights into their historical significance.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: To achieve the stated objectives, the study employs a methodological approach centered on the analysis of archival documents and scientific societies. The examination is twofold, involving an exploration of the activities of the societies themselves and an in-depth analysis of the archival funds associated with these scientific entities. The methods also include the assessment of documentation within the archival materials.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: The results of this study present valuable information regarding the activities of scientific societies in Turkestan during the specified historical period. The article offers insights into the nature and scope of the endeavors undertaken by these societies. Additionally, the analysis of archival funds provides a comprehensive understanding of the documentation associated with these scientific entities, contributing to the broader historical context of the region.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: In conclusion, the article synthesizes the findings by emphasizing the historical significance of scientific societies in Turkestan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The examination of archival documents sheds light on the cultural and intellectual pursuits of these societies, enriching our understanding of the scientific landscape of the time. The conclusion underscores the importance of preserving and studying archival materials as a means to appreciate the contributions of these scientific societies to the intellectual heritage of the region. Overall, the article serves as a valuable resource for historians, archivists, and scholars interested in the scientific and cultural history of Turkestan.
Quantum Algorithms and Applications

In the previous chapter, we discussed the basics of quantum computing and some essential properties such as superposition, entanglement, and the Uncertainty Principle. In this chapter, we will discuss a few prominent quantum algorithms and their applications.
Introduction to Quantum Computers

In this chapter, we will discuss the types of quantum computers and their advantages and disadvantages.
Assessing the Market and Competitive Landscape

In the ever-shifting landscape of business, the ability to assess and navigate the market is the foundation upon which successful ventures are built. This chapter is a crucial juncture in our journey toward unlocking the vast potential of quantum computing products and services. Here, we lay the groundwork for understanding the intricate web of opportunities, challenges, and dynamics that define the quantum computing market.
X-ray Powder Diffraction and Supervised Self-Ogranizing Maps as Tools for Forensic Classification of Soils

Due to its transferability, the soil has been commonly used as evidence in criminal investigations. In this work, 172 soil samples taken from five urban parks from the town of Tetovo (North Macedonia) and from additional four rural locations in its vicinity. The soil samples were examined using X-ray powder diffraction. The collected diffractograms were used for development of classification models based on supervised self-organizing maps. The examination generalization performances of the developed models showed that they were able to correctly classify between 95.6 and 97.8% of the samples from the independent test set. The influence of the weather and the seasonal changes on the composition of the soil was also examined. For this purpose, three years after the initial soil samples were collected, additional 28 samples were analyzed from different location. The best models presented in this work were able to successfully classify 27 of these additional samples.
The Comparison of the Speed of Solving Chemistry Calculation Tasks in the Traditional Way and with the use of ICT

Efficiency of time use is a key factor in chemistry calculation tasks, affecting both, personal and professional domains. This study is dedicated to finding the fastest methods for accomplishing chemistry tasks. Our investigation delves into the comparative temporal outlays made by students as they engage three different approaches: using an electronic calculator, a basic calculator app on a smartphone, and a desktop computer calculator. As part of our research, we examine a cohort of 52 Slovenian university students, preservice teachers who were actively enrolled in chemistry and related science programs, spanning the academic years of 2019 and 2022. The results from 2019 show that students can solve the chemistry tasks most quickly using electronic calculator and take the most time to calculate the tasks using smartphones (Δmean = 133 s; ΔSD = 5 s; Δmin = 97 s; Δmax = 131 s). An even larger difference is observed from the 2022 study year (Δmean = 189 s; ΔSD = 129 s; Δmin = 170 s; Δmax = 625 s). In summary, although smartphones are recognised as a multitasking device, replacing traditional single-purpose devices, they have not been able to outperform them.
Introduction to Quantum Computing

Quantum computing is a rapidly growing field that works on the principle of quantum mechanics. In this chapter, we will discuss the prominent quantum mechanics concept with a bit of mathematical info and show how different fields came together to form a new field called quantum. We’ll discuss some prominent gates and how to make a simple entangled state with a pictorial representation. Going through every concept of this chapter will prepare you to proceed to other concepts in later chapters.
Earth Observation Capacity of the National Geoinformation Center of Bulgaria as Part of the Tools for Geo- and Anthropogenic-Hazard Management in EPOS

Exploring the nature of the Earth system and its multi-scale architecture requires an integrated symbiotic approach not only to understand our planet but also to reveal the hazards and footprints of their events on human life. Following the conceptual model of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) we integrate a variety of research to obtain a multilateral use of geoinformation for scientific and practical purposes. In 2018, we started building a Bulgarian distributed scientific infrastructure called the National Geoinformation Center, aiming to provide data, products, and expertise to predict and prevent natural and anthropogenic risks and disasters, as well as environmental changes. The present paper demonstrates the capabilities of seismological, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), geomagnetic and multi-scale laboratories (MSL) in Bulgaria that participate to the respective thematic core services of EPOS. More than 40 seismological stations register and transmit data in real time through the operational center of the Bulgarian Seismological Network. Data from 18 GNSS stations, part of the National GNSS network, are officially registered in the EPOS GNSS Data Gateway. Data and products are available via the EPOS GNSS Product Portal for interested users. Panagjurishte geomagnetic observatory (PAG) provides real time variations and long-period data series for the Earth’s magnetic field. The Palaeomagnetic Laboratory at the National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography (NIGGG) participates in MSL with its unique facilities for paleo-, archeo- and environmental magnetism studies. Four case studies are presented to illustrate best practices for utilizing the data collected. The analysis of seismicity in a region of a long-time exploited salt deposit is upgraded with GNSS data to reveal the reason for crustal movements in the region. The results show that the majority of the seismic events took place in the upper part of the Earth’s crust at a depth of up to 5 km, where the salt body is buried. The observed significant local deformations of the Earth’s surface are very likely related to the technological process of deposit exploitation. A recent model of the geomagnetic declination over the Bulgarian territory is also presented. It tracks the variation of the regional magnetic field from 2015 to 2020 and adds short-wavelength signals from the secular network observations. Last but not least, the application of a mineral magnetic laboratory analysis along the depth of a Holocene soil profile is demonstrated. Results reveal the soil evolution in response to environmental changes adding a new magnetic proxy parameter for more precise identification and characterization of the soil formation processes.
Methods of constructing algorithms for comparative test statistical verification of mathematical models of bioobject responses to low-intensity stimuli

The paper presents the results of the construction of algorithms for comparative test statistical testing of mathematical models of responses of a bioobject to low-intensity stimuli, which is an oscillating function with relaxation. In addition, due to the hierarchically primary role of the mathematical model among the used means of this test, the possibility of determining the quality of the response evaluation method is substantiated.
Queer Stigma on Social Media: A Sentiment Analysis of YouTube Video Comments

This paper is based on a sentiment analysis conducted on comments of YouTube videos about the Supreme Court of India’s verdict of October 17, 2023 concerning the legalisation of same-sex marriage. The paper attempts to analyse the prevalence of anti-queer sentiments in online comments and understand them in context of the social stigma surrounding the queer community in India. First, the prevalence of anti-queer sentiments, pro-queer sentiments and neutral sentiments are quantified. Second, the different themes significant to a particular sentiment are identified. Finally, the relevance of anti-queer sentiments in propagation of messages stigmatising the queer community is discussed.
Model-Free trajectory planning for a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle with an uncertain suspended payload

Payload transport using rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (RUAVs) has grown in popularity. Suspending the payload from the RUAV expands the range of use cases but does so at the expense of changing the dynamics that may result in instability. This paper explores how a model-free solution can be used to plan robust trajectories that account for the added oscillations if the payload is varied. The twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm is a model-free reinforcement learning method and is used to train an agent to be implemented as a local planner to plan optimal trajectories that can complete two defined circuits whilst minimizing the swing of the payload. A non-linear model predictive controller (NMPC) is implemented as a model-based solution to evaluate the capabilities of the model-free results determining its viability, without choosing a superior approach. The results indicate that the model-free TD3 agent has comparable results to the model-based NMPC for two defined circuits, with increased robustness to payload uncertainty when trained with different payload parameters.
Voyager, a ground mobile robotic platform for research development

This paper describes a mobile ground-based robotic platform named Voyager which was developed to support robotics research and replace the old mobile robotic platform, the Pioneer. A comparative analysis was done with three mobile robot: platforms Pioneer 3-DX, Clearpath Robotics Jackal, and SuperDroid Robots VIPR to determine the requirements for Voyager's development. The Voyager is currently equipped with a 3D LiDAR scanner, inertial measurement unit, and camera to allow for the onboard software to perform obstacle avoidance as well as avoid non-traversable terrain when driving outdoors. This universal platform has been used for developing new algorithms for path planning, obstacle avoidance, localisation, and mapping.
Design of HERMES: a mobile autonomous surveillance robot for security patrol

The HERMES autonomous surveillance robot platform is a low-cost outdoor autonomous surveillance vehicle. It is designed to autonomously patrol outdoor areas performing surveillance and providing automated alerts of detected vehicles and people. The design and testing of this system are covered in this paper. The design philosophy focused on the use of off-the-shelf components wherever possible with the base of the robot being a modified electric quadbike. The testing has verified that the surveillance robot can perform real-time person and vehicle detection, video streaming, manual and autonomous navigation on a low-cost platform. The development of the robot platform is continuing with the current focus being on the improvement of the autonomous navigation, ingress protection (IP) rating and verification of the battery life.
Digital assets and reporting: is there anything new under the sun?

The disruptive effects of the digitalisation of assets call for legislative and regulatory adaptation and for a review of the reporting framework applicable to this general category of assets. But the dissemination of relevant information for decision-making in relation to digital assets, such as crypto-assets, faces challenges. The peculiar nature of these instruments has not only delayed a complete and consistent regulatory classification for them, but also a consensus on reporting needs and appropriate reporting types. This paper examines both the challenges posed by this issue based on the joint review of crypto-asset technology and use cases, and the existing general reporting standards. The paper also describes the status of some initiatives that aim to adapt existing reporting frameworks to crypto-assets and also addresses the dilemma between information quality and precision that arises for many crypto-assets as a result of their volatility.
Robustness Levels of Critical Infrastructures Against Global Navigation Satellite System Signal Disturbances

Resilience against signal disturbances is an important characteristic of GNSS-based PNT solutions. In particular, for critical infrastructures, failure to provide correct PNT information in these domains may have a major societal impact. The Resilience Framework by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) provides a set of requirements and guidelines to design a PNT solution of a certain level of resilience. Over the lifetime of the applications, it will be of prime importance to assess the resilience of the PNT solutions on a regular basis. Given how often GNSS-based solutions are being applied, partly automating the assessment process will be needed to make this task feasible. To automate the generative process, a machine-readable structure with well-established meaning is required. In this work, the use of fault trees as a formal system to encode the resilience framework is investigated.
Adaption of an Online Higher Education System in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A SWOC Analysis

Saudi Arabia's online higher education system has expanded significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. During this epidemic, Saudi universities have switched from in-person instruction to online instruction to ensure the continuity of education. The shift to online higher education has occurred at a rapid speed. Saudi governments have temporarily closed universities since 2020 to prevent COVID-19 from spreading. During that time, technological advancements were essential for accelerating learning and improving interaction among learners and their teachers. Before the pandemic, higher education used e-learning methods, which we discussed in this article. This study examines the Online Higher Education System by SWOC analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Challenges) for the COVID-19 epidemic. In order to better understand SWOC Analysis, this study employed qualitative research techniques. This study also investigates the challenges and opportunities faced by students, faculty, and administration in online higher education in Saudi Arabia during the deadly COVID-19 virus. It also offered some suggestions for Saudi universities on how to deal with these issues and challenges. This study's findings suggest that to meet the demands of a continually changing world and revolutionize education during the COVID-19 Epidemic, policymakers, university administrators, curriculum developers, and researchers coordinate national e-learning strategies, systematically integrate technology, and develop e-learning curricula.
Semi-Supervised Variational Autoencoders for Out-of-Distribution Generation

Humans are able to quickly adapt to new situations, learn effectively with limited data, and create unique combinations of basic concepts. In contrast, generalizing out-of-distribution (OOD) data and achieving combinatorial generalizations are fundamental challenges for machine learning models. Moreover, obtaining high-quality labeled examples can be very time-consuming and expensive, particularly when specialized skills are required for labeling. To address these issues, we propose BtVAE, a method that utilizes conditional VAE models to achieve combinatorial generalization in certain scenarios and consequently to generate out-of-distribution (OOD) data in a semi-supervised manner. Unlike previous approaches that use new factors of variation during testing, our method uses only existing attributes from the training data but in ways that were not seen during training (e.g., small objects of a specific shape during training and large objects of the same shape during testing).
A deep learning based approach for extracting Arabic handwriting: applied calligraphy and old cursive

Based on the results of this research, a new method for separating Arabic offline text is presented. This method finds the core splitter between the “Middle” and “Lower” zones by looking for sharp character degeneration in those zones. With the exception of script localization and the essential feature of determining which direction a starting point is pointing, the baseline also functions as a delimiter for horizontal projections. Despite the fact that the bottom half of the characteristics is utilized to differentiate the modifiers in zones, the top half of the characteristics is not. This method works best when the baseline is able to divide features into the bottom zone and the middle zone in a complex pattern where it is hard to find the alphabet, like in ancient scripts. Furthermore, this technique performed well when it came to distinguishing Arabic text, including calligraphy. With the zoning system, the aim is to decrease the number of different element classes that are associated with the total number of alphabets used in Arabic cursive writing. The components are identified using the pixel value origin and center reign (CR) technique, which is combined with letter morphology to achieve complete word-level identification. Using the upper baseline and lower baseline together, this proposed technique produces a consistent Arabic pattern, which is intended to improve identification rates by increasing the number of matches. For Mediterranean keywords (cities in Algeria and Tunisia), the suggested approach makes use of indicators that the correctness of the Othmani and Arabic scripts is greater than 98.14 percent and 90.16 percent, respectively, based on 84 and 117 verses. As a consequence of the auditing method and the assessment section’s structure and software, the major problems were identified, with a few of them being specifically highlighted.
Max-linear graphical models with heavy-tailed factors on trees of transitive tournaments

Abstract Graphical models with heavy-tailed factors can be used to model extremal dependence or causality between extreme events. In a Bayesian network, variables are recursively defined in terms of their parents according to a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We focus on max-linear graphical models with respect to a special type of graph, which we call a tree of transitive tournaments . The latter is a block graph combining in a tree-like structure a finite number of transitive tournaments, each of which is a DAG in which every two nodes are connected. We study the limit of the joint tails of the max-linear model conditionally on the event that a given variable exceeds a high threshold. Under a suitable condition, the limiting distribution involves the factorization into independent increments along the shortest trail between two variables, thereby imitating the behaviour of a Markov random field. We are also interested in the identifiability of the model parameters in the case when some variables are latent and only a subvector is observed. It turns out that the parameters are identifiable under a criterion on the nodes carrying the latent variables which is easy and quick to check.
The decision-making process in learners’ failure using fuzzy scale

This study aims to determine how to use an ambiguous scale to assess student performance and proficiency, whether students perform well or poorly in subjects such as reading comprehension, vocabulary, and punctuation. In this study, Sugeno Integral is a good choice for decision-making. Although other scales may be better than the one used, Sugeno Integral is easier to use than different scales, as evidenced by the results obtained.
Video-ecological approach to the infographics use in education

Aim. To determine prerequisites, content and strategic methods for implementing the author’s video-ecological approach to the infographics use in education. Material and methods. The subject of the study was the video-ecological approach as a pedagogical system that determines the features of infographics in education. The theoretical methods involved in content creation of the video-ecological approach were the following methods: idealization, abstraction, deduction, extrapolation. The following empirical research methods were also used: sample observation, experimental conversation, questionnaire. The methods are in demand in the context of correlating digitalization and ecologization as modern trends in educational process. Results. The video-ecological approach to the infographics use in education is presented taking into account other approaches that have become widespread at the present stage: research, narrative, competence-based, functional-activity, psychodidactic. The article contains the definition and characteristics of the structural and content filling of the epistemic spaces of video-ecological approach. Particular importance is attached to the study of prerequisites for the development of a video-ecological approach. Ecological principles of visual worldview are extrapolated into strategic techniques for implementing the videoecological approach in educational practice: interpretation of infographics, data visualization, critical analysis and creation of infographics. Conclusion. The video-ecological approach is considered by the authors as an effective theoretical and methodological basis for the infographics use in education. The results are of interest to the scientific and pedagogical community, teachers, administrative workers of educational organizations, pedagogical students.
Introduction

This book’s goal is to present a new way of developing games to teams with little or no experience in Agile or Lean methodologies. In addition to that, this book uses a fictional game, which is the combination of three other anonymous games that were produced with the techniques presented in this book. Unfortunately, it is not possible to go into more detail about these games due to NDAs (agreements of secrecy).