Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Informed Steiner Trees: Sampling and Pruning for Multi-Goal Path Finding in High Dimensions (Extended Abstract)

We interleave sampling based motion planning methods with pruning ideas from minimum spanning tree algorithms to develop a new approach for solving a Multi-Goal Path Finding (MGPF) problem in high dimensional spaces. The approach alternates between sampling points from selected regions in the search space and de-emphasizing regions that may not lead to good solutions for MGPF. Our approach provides an asymptotic, 2-approximation guarantee for MGPF. We also present extensive numerical results to illustrate the advantages of our proposed approach over uniform sampling in terms of the quality of the solutions found and computation speed.
THE SEMANTIC FEATURE ANALYSIS ON TEACHING VOCABULARY FOR YOUNG LEARNERS

ABSTRACT&#x0D; As vocabulary is a necessary mode of communication, it must be acquired first to be able to master the English language. It is a good idea to start vocabulary classes in elementary school. As their memory is still strong in remembering things, they are ready to learn anything new. However, since English is a second language, teachers will need to employ strategies to have students acquire and memorize new words. This study focuses on linguistic knowledge, that is, semantics, which the teacher uses in the classroom and the learning materials to encourage students’ vocabulary. This is a content analysis of the teacher's approaches to teaching new words to young learners using semantic aspects. This research will be observed through two videos of English-language classrooms. The findings reveal that semantic features such as synonym and antonym pairs, polysemy, and applying in short sentences were used in the classroom when teaching vocabulary. During the class, photos, cassettes, music, and a variety of other learning resources are used. These strategies motivate and encourage students to learn the new vocabulary.&#x0D; Keywords: vocabulary, instruction, young learner, semantics
The Effect of Using Herringbone Technique (HT) and Numbered Head Together Technique (NHTT) for Elementary Students’ Reading Comprehension Skill

This research presents a research report on the using of applying Herringbone Technique and Numbered Head Together Technique for students reading skill at SD Kalam Kudus 2 Medan . The objective is to find out the effect of using Herringbone Technique and Numbered Head Together Technique on students reading skill. The subjects of the study were grade 3 students of SD Kalam Kudus. They were divided into three groups. The first and the second groups are (Experimental Group). They were taught by Herringbone Technique and Numbered Head Together Technique in reading recount text, while the third group (Control Group) was taught by Herringbone Technique and Numbered Head Together Technique. The technique of data analysis used t-test. In analyzing the data the mean of the students score for pre-test in experimental group one (Herringbone Technique) is 59.16 the mean of the students score for post-test in experimental group two is 91.83. The mean of the students score for pre-test in experimental group two (Numbered Head Together Technique) is 45 the mean of the students score for post-test in experimental group two is 69.16. The mean for pre-test in control group is 46.66, and the mean for post-test in control group two is 56.16. The conclusion is that the using of Herringbone Technique is more effective than Numbered Head Together Technique. It is suggested than teachers should apply this technique as one of technique to improve students’ comprehension in reading text.
Rendering Sketches - Interactive rendering generation from sketches using conditional generative adversarial neural network

Architects use sketches in the early design phase to organize and elaborate their initial ideas, and those initial sketches often support ideation for the final design.However, the sketches in the early design phase tend to be abstract and hard to interpret.Minimal prior works provide tools for quick visualization of the initial sketch.This study provides a scheme for architects and designers to generate preliminary renderings in the early design stage.In this study, we use conditional generative adversarial networks (cGAN) as the frame and introduces an updater network to the existing cGAN to support the iterative design process.A sketch serves as input to see the rendering and update the sketch based on the generated renderings by adding more resolution and details.The network is able to generate a reasonable rendering from the single-image network, and is able to update the renderings iteratively via the updater network.The dataset is collected from residential buildings exclusively, but the architectural categories can be expanded to other types of buildings in the future.Results show that the proposed scheme is able to provide reasonable renderings from sketches, and the generated rendering can be updated with a higher level of details within a second if the user provides a more detailed sketch.The contribution of this study includes introducing an updater network to the existing algorithm to enable iterative input and provides an alternative enhancement approach to the resolution of the generated image.
Biostratigraphy of the Early Cretaceous Mauddud Formation in Ratawi Oilfield, Basrah Governorate, Southern Iraq

The biostratigraphy of the Early Cretaceous Mauddud Formation was studied in the Ratawi Oilfield, Basra Governorate, southern Iraq, using integrated borehole data set (core and cutting samples and well logs) in two drilled wells to analyze the biostratigraphy of the formation. One hundred eighty-three slides for both selected wells were investigated. The formation is composed of light grey dolomitized limestone and pseudo-oolitic creamy limestone with green to bluish shale. Three biozones were discriminated, these are: Orbitolina qatarica range zone; Orbitolina sefini range zone and Orbitolina concava range zone. The age of these biozones extends to include the Late Albian (Orbitolina qatarica); Late Albian-Early Cenomanian (Orbitolina sefini) and Early Cenomanian for (Orbitolina concava) zone. The fossils occurred are Conicorbitolina conica, Coral, gastropoda, Miliolids, Nezzazata , Neoiraqia convexa, orbitolina discoidia, Orbitolina kurdica, Spiroluculina sp., trocholina sp .
EFFECTS OF DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE ON TURNOVER RATE

Discrimination has been identified as a significant risk factor for employee turnover and organizational performance. Discriminatory encounters may behave similarly to other pressures in that they trigger physiological responses that accelerate turnover. The purpose of this conceptual literature review is to summarize the past studies on discrimination and turnover rate and to analyze the impact of workplace discrimination on job satisfaction and turnover intentions. This paper used to systematically examine English-only research retrieved from the Emerald, Science Direct, and Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) databases. This study found that both females and males experienced gender discrimination in the workplace. The lower the workplace discrimination the lower turnover rate in an organization. This study points out limitations in the available evidence and makes recommendations for future research into the relationship between discrimination and turnover rate.
A Comparative Analysis of Classification Algorithms for Cyberbullying Crime Detection: An Experimental Study of Twitter Social Media in Indonesia

Purpose: This research aims to identify content that contains cyberbullying on Twitter. We also conducted a comparative study of several classification algorithms, namely NB, DT, LR, and SVM. The dataset we use comes from Twitter data which is then manually labeled and validated by language experts. This study used 1065 data with a label distribution, namely 638 data with a non-bullying label and 427 with a bullying label.Methods: The weighting process for each word uses the bag of word (BOW) method, which uses three weighting features. The three-word vector weighting features used include unigram, bigram, and trigram. The experiment was conducted with two scenarios, namely testing to find the best accuracy value with the three features. The following scenario looks at the overall comparison of the algorithm's performance against all the features used.Result: The experimental results show that for the measurement of accuracy weighting based on features and algorithms, the SVM classification algorithm outperformed other algorithms with a percentage of 76%. Then for the weighting based on the average recall, the DT classification algorithm outperformed the other algorithms by an average of 76%. Another test for measuring overall performance (F-measure) based on accuracy and precision, the SVM classification algorithm, managed to outperform other algorithms with an F-measure of 82%.Value: Based on several experiments conducted, the SVM classification algorithm can detect words containing cyberbullying on social media.
Social Presence: An Imperative in Online Learning Contexts

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Online learning can be challenging for Hispanic students, whose culture values dialogue, caring, and a shared celebration of their cultural heritage. Although this need for intense engagement may seem at odds with the concept of remote learning, it can be achieved through institutional attention to social presence—that is, the authentic exchanges, social cues, norms, and behaviors between students, faculty, and administrators that lead to a sense of belonging to an institution. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of infusing social presence into remote teaching, learning, and student services is all the more acute. This paper discusses the role of culture in social presence and how teaching and learning, faculty disposition, and cultural competence can be used meaningfully to attain this.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
Analyzing Context in English as Lingua Franca (ELF): A Discourse Analysis in an Indonesian Higher Education Institution (HEI)

English as English as Foreign Language (EFL) in Indonesia makes the learners get the difficulties in exposing themselves to Native English Speakers (NESs) environment. Hence, EFL learners in Indonesia are only exposed to the Non-Native English Speakers (NNESs) condition that make use English as Lingua Franca (ELF) when talking using English. Furthermore, in using ELF, the learners should engage all context in their mind to smoothen the communication built using ELF. The context that the learners have is core context regarding their First Language (L1) instead of NESs. Hence, in the communication running, the learners attach emergent context in order to overcome the miss-communication found in the conversation. In order to see the process of emergent context, this study in “analyzing context in ELF: A Discourse Analysis in Indonesian Higher Education Institution (HEI)” is run by using discourse analysis on corpus data taken from two HEIs learners’ conversation in Indonesia. The data taken is analyzed, and the result is divided into reformulation and given/new. Furthermore, based on reformulation and given/new categories, it is shown that context especially Emergent context is appeared in two ELF used situation. They are in learning and in communication using ELF.
Generating Spatial-aware Captions for TextCaps

TextCaps, also known as image captioning with reading comprehension, is the task of automatically describing images with both visual objects and scene text in them. It is more challenging than conventional image captioning since it requires models to read scene text and cover them in generated captions. Recently, various models have achieved excellent results on this task. However, existing approaches are limited in their use of spatial relationships between all the visual entities (both visual objects and scene text). Captions from these models can hardly describe the explicit spatial relations between the text and relevant objects. In this paper, we propose a Spatial Relationship Incorporated Multimodal Transformer (SRIMT) to generate spatial-aware captions. Firstly, we construct a spatial graph to fully explore the spatial relationships between all the visual entities. Then, we present a novel spatially aware self-attention layer which is the core of our model to incorporate spatial relationship. Through this layer, attention of two visual entities is considered only when they are connected in the spatial graph. Furthermore, each head in our multi-head attention module is designed to focus on only one type of spatial relation defined by the specific graph. Compared with fully-connected transformer-based architectures, our model can learn the spatial relationships of a visual scene more explicitly instead of dispersing attention among all visual entities. Strong spatial relations between OCR tokens and corresponding objects are established with our model. We extensively evaluate our model on the TextCaps dataset and superior results are achieved when comparing to state-of-the-art approaches. More remarkably, we improve CIDEr score from 93.0 to 95.8.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis PMRI Menggunakan Macromedia Flash Profesional 8

This study aims to develop PMRI-based interactive learning media using professional macromedia flash 8 on square and rectangular subject matter for grade VII students of SMP Negeri 8 lubuklinggau, as well as knowing the quality of mathematics learning media developed from aspects of validity and practicality. The research method used is the Research &amp; Development method based on the ADDIE development model. The ADDIE development model consists of 5 stages: analysis (Analyze); planning (design); development (Development); implementation (Implementation) and (5) evaluation (Evaluation). The results of this study produce a valid and practical interactive learning media. The results of validation by material experts and media experts indicate that PMRI-based interactive learning media using professional macromedia flash 8 square and rectangular subject matter meet very valid criteria with an average score of 4.22. As for the practicality assessment that was tested by teachers and students found to meet very practical criteria with an average score of 4.45. In conclusion, the development of interactive learning media using PMRI based using Macromedia Flash Professional 8 on the subject matter of square and rectangular for VII grade students of SMP Negeri 8 lubuklinggau shows valid and practical criteria to use.&#x0D; Keywords: Interactive learning media, Macromedia Flash, PMRI, Square and Rectangle.
Example of Introducing VR (Virtual Reality) into Physical Therapist Training Education to Make Education Using Virtual Reality Familiar

[Virtual Reality in Medicine and Medical Education] The introduction of virtual reality into education has begun, but it is rare in the field of physiotherapy education. [Introduction of VR Education] Virtual reality has the potential to solve challenges in physiotherapy education. [Development and Issues] We have created VR teaching materials that, with minimal preparation, allow simulation of clinical experience. Issues related to implementation costs, video editing skills, and new teaching methods were raised. [Suggestion] To facilitate the introduction of VR, the distribution of teaching materials using existing services, creation of teaching materials that can be viewed on learners' existing terminals, and simple goggles are suggested.
Scientific innovations and advanced technologies in higher education

The modern transformation of the role of education affects the consideration and improvement of the methodological princes of education. At the same time, the constant development of the educational sector entails the justification of the use of certain scientific innovations and advanced technologies in the system of higher education, which is the actual task of this pedagogical research. The object of the study is innovation and advanced technology in higher education. The aim of the work is to highlight innovative means, methods, and technologies in higher education, which are promising mechanisms for improving the university system of Latvia. Pedagogical methods of research (theoretical and empirical) are used in the work. Among theoretical methods of pedagogical cognition, we will distinguish analysis, synthesis, concretization, and abstraction, systemic and functional methods. The empirical methods of research used observation, experiment, and rating method, the basis of which formed the key recommendations for the implementation of the analyzed learning technologies. The results analyzed a number of problems, in particular, the issues of innovative changes in European higher education, modern advanced technologies of learning in higher education, innovative, methods, forms of development of higher education, the problem of STEM-education functioning in Latvia. The scientific novelty of the research is the proposed synthetic analysis of actual innovative methods and technologies in the system of higher education. The practical value of the work consists in the formation of recommendations for further use of innovative methods of higher education development. In the conclusion, it is summarized that the use of innovative teaching methods is an important part of modern European education. At the same time, the main advanced technologies turn to the individual development of the student, improvement of his practical skills.
New Neighbor Selection Method for Blockchain Network With Multiple Regions

One of the features of the Bitcoin network today is that its participating nodes are located in different regions of the world. Generally, inter-region data transmission is relatively time-consuming compared with intra-region data transmission. Thus, an important challenge for a blockchain network is shortening the block propagation time in order to reduce forks and maintain fairness, i.e., similar mining durations, for all miners. Previous methods have tried to increase the block propagation speed at the expense of imposing a higher burden on each node and a higher risk of eclipse attack. This paper proposes a new neighbor selection method that is based on only the neighbor’s regional information and assumes that a node has a relatively small number of neighbors located outside its region. By using this simple method, the distribution of blocks throughout the network becomes faster and the random neighbor-selection nature of the blockchain network is kept intact; thus, risk of an eclipse attack is low. This paper also proposes a block propagation model over multiple regions for exploring the theoretical reasons for the effectiveness of the proposed neighbor selection method. Finally, it examines a migration scenario to the proposed method from the default neighbor selection method implemented in Bitcoin nodes, and evaluates the migration effects in various sizes of networks.
MULTIVARIATE MODELS FOR PREDICTING GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION IN JOS, NIGERIA

This study developed two to six multivariate regression equations that reliably predict global radiation in Jos (Latitude 9.87 °𝑁 and Longitude 8.75 °𝐸). Thirty-one years (1980 – 2010) observed monthly mean daily global solar radiation, sunshine hours, maximum and minimum temperatures, cloud cover, rainfall, relative humidity and wind speed data were used in this study with the clearness index as the response variable and other variables as predictors. The seven validation indices employed are the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), t – test, Nash – Sutcliffe Equation (NSE) and Index of Agreement (IA) to determine the reliability, suitability and applicability of the developed models. The results in this study revealed that all the developed multivariate models were found reliable for global solar radiation estimation in Jos depending on the obtainable meteorological data measured in the location. The correlation between the measured and predicted (developed) global solar radiation shows a perfect correlation as depicted from the figures.
Towards Interpretable Policies in Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Tasks

Deep Learning (DL) allowed the field of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) to make significant advances, speeding-up the progress in the field. However, agents trained by means of DL in MARL settings have an important drawback: their policies are extremely hard to interpret, not only at the individual agent level, but also (and especially) considering the fact that one has to take into account the interactions across the whole set of agents. In this work, we make a step towards achieving interpretability in MARL tasks. To do that, we present an approach that combines evolutionary computation (i.e., grammatical evolution) and reinforcement learning (Q-learning), which allows us to produce agents that are, at least to some extent, understandable. Moreover, differently from the typically centralized DL-based approaches (and because of the possibility to use a replay buffer), in our method we can easily employ Independent Q-learning to train a team of agents, which facilitates robustness and scalability. By evaluating our approach on the Battlefield task from the MAgent implementation in the PettingZoo library, we observe that the evolved team of agents is able to coordinate its actions in a distributed fashion, solving the task in an effective way.
The Teaching Strategy of "Read to Write"Approach to English Writing in Junior Middle Schools in the New Era

As an important part of English teaching, writing teaching in junior high school can effectively examine students' vocabulary ability, language expression ability and English logic ability.The writing training of students should not be confined to the writing level, but should be introduced into the writing teaching to comprehensively train students' writing ability.However, in the current practice of English teaching, some teachers do not dig deeply into the reading text, do not fully cultivate students' interests, and also do not make a good summary after class.Therefore, teachers must combine with the teaching practice to conduct pre-class research, implement hierarchical teaching, and strengthen after-class activities, in order to better implement the core quality of English subject, effectively improve students' comprehensive English quality, expand students' English writing materials, and effectively promote writing teaching through reading.