Exploring the effects of computational costs in extensive games via modeling and simulation

International Journal of Intelligent SystemsVolume 36, Issue 8 p. 4065-4087 RESEARCH ARTICLE Exploring the effects of computational costs in extensive games via modeling and simulation Chanjuan Liu, orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-2380 School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorEnqiang Zhu, Corresponding Author zhuenqiang@gzhu.edu.cn orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-7905 Institute of computing science and technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence Enqiang Zhu, Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, China. Email: zhuenqiang@gzhu.edu.cnSearch for more papers by this authorQiang Zhang, orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-1395 School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiaopeng Wei, orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-460X School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Chanjuan Liu, orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-2380 School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorEnqiang Zhu, Corresponding Author zhuenqiang@gzhu.edu.cn orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-7905 Institute of computing science and technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence Enqiang Zhu, Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, China. Email: zhuenqiang@gzhu.edu.cnSearch for more papers by this authorQiang Zhang, orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-1395 School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiaopeng Wei, orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-460X School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 May 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22450Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Game theory has become a standard tool for depicting and demonstrating various game-like phenomena by providing appropriate mathematical models and for analyzing and predicting agents' behaviors and their decisions by formalizing solution concepts. The conventional game model mainly concerns ideal systems that would always guarantee optimal responses, which appears unrealistic for practical game scenarios since decision-making usually entails resource costs. Therefore, this study considers players' decision-making in extensive games when the computational cost of searching the strategy space is limited. We start with a new mathematical model of extensive games that features a bound on computational resources during players' decision-making process such that they can only foresee a part of the available alternatives in the future. This model is more appropriate in predicting players' strategies than the conventional model, under which we investigate the effects of computational costs on players' strategies as well as the computational complexity. Furthermore, a simulation experiment is performed to seek the connection between the amount of resources and the goodness of the outcomes. This study is expected to provide a foundation for players' rational decision-making with computational costs. Volume36, Issue8August 2021Pages 4065-4087 RelatedInformation