Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Welfare Cost of Premature Deaths Based on Unsafe Sanitation Risk using SutteARIMA and Comparison with Neural Network Time Series and Holt-Winters

Unhealthy and unsafe sanitation will make it easier for various diseases to attack the body. In addition, unsafe sanitation will also affect a country's economy, including declining welfare, tourism losses, and environmental losses due to the loss of productive land. The research aimed to estimate the welfare cost of premature deaths based on unsafe sanitation risks using the SutteARIMA, Neural Network Time Series, and Holt-Winters. The study analyzed estimates and projections of the welfare cost of premature deaths based on the risks of unsafe sanitation of BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, China, and South Africa). The data in this research used secondary data. Secondary time series data was taken from the Environment Database of the OECD. Stat. (Mortality and welfare cost from exposure to environmental risks). The data on the study was based on variables: welfare cost of premature deaths, % GDP equivalent, risk: unsafe sanitation, age: all, sex: both, unit: percentage, and data from 2005 to 2019. The three forecasting methods (SutteARIMA, Neural Network Time Series, and Holt-Winters) were juxtaposed in fitting data to see the forecasting methods' reliability and accuracy. The accuracy of forecasting results was compared based on MAPE and MSE values. The results of the research showed that the SutteARIMA and NNAR(1,1) methods were best used to predict the welfare cost of premature deaths in view of unsafe sanitation risks for BRICS countries.
Hybrid Approach with Distance Feature for Multi-Class Imbalanced Datasets

The multi-class imbalance problem has a higher level of complexity when compared to the binary class problem. The difficulty is due to the large number of classes that will present challenges related to overlapping between classes. Many approaches have been proposed to deal with these multi-class problems. One is a hybrid approach combining a data-level approach and an algorithm-level approach. This approach is done by the ensemble on the classifier and also oversampling on the minority class. SMOTE is an oversampling method that provides good performance, but this method is necessary to determine the best sample used in the interpolation process to generate new samples. The need for determining the best sample is related to the overlap between classes that always accompanies the multi-class imbalance problem. The existence of overlap requires efforts to determine the safe region to synthesize the sample in the oversampling process in SMOTE. The safe region is considered the best for synthesizing samples due to the lower tendency of overlapping. It can be done by constructing distance features to determine the safe region. The sample with the best distance and the lowest imbalance ratio will be selected as a sample in the over-sampling process with SMOTE. The main contribution of this research is the proposed method of Hybrid Approach with Distance Feature so that it can determine safe samples, with the main advantage being in addition to handling multi-class imbalances, it is also better for handling overlapping. The results of this study will be compared with Multiple Random Balance (MultiRandBal) which performs a random oversampling process. The results showed that the Augmented R-Value, Class Average Accuracy, Class Balance Accuracy, and Hamming Loss obtained in this method was better than the random oversampling process. These results also show that the Hybrid Approach with Distance Feature provides better results in handling multi-class imbalances when compared to MultiRandBal.
Advancement on Grey Wolf Optimization with Fitness Based Self Adaptive Differential Evolution

Hybridization of two or more variants of algorithms is the recent trend of the research field. With the help of a hybridized algorithm we try to find out the better optimal solution and to solve various optimization applications. In this paper, a new approach Advancement on Grey Wolf Optimization with Fitness Based Self Adaptive Differential Evolution (AGWO-FSADE) is proposed. Fitness of populations are calculated using the self adaptive strategy of FSADE and updated by GWO algorithm. FSADE algorithms balance the convergence and diversity capability and due to fine tuning of Crossover Probability CR and Scale Factor F therefore, in large step size very less chance to skip the actual solutions. The performance of AGWO-FSADE is measured by 19 Benchmark functions and compared with classic GWO, ABC and PSOGWO algorithm. The results are more accurate to solve these functions. Keywords - nature inspired algorithm, self adaptive technique, grey wolf optimizer, fitness based self adaptive differential evolution, optimization technique
Weeding

Weeding is the act of de-selection or removing from a library collection those items that no longer serve its mission. Over time, materials age and become worn, and no longer meet the criteria set forth in a library’s collection management policy. There are many excuses often given by collection managers as to why they do not weed their collections—and there are solutions and suggestions for encouragement for each. Weeding should be ongoing and continuous in order to keep up and be less overwhelming. Suggestions for proper and respectful discarding of weeded materials include recycling, used book sales, consignment systems, and transfer programs. A weeding plan that is transparent and fully acknowledges all aspects of a large weeding project can create buy-in and understanding of the process by staff and patrons alike. The public relations side of weeding must be acknowledged.
Pedagogical Conditions for Forming Legal Competence in Junior Bachelors in Studying at Higher Education Institutions

This article analyses the methodological essence of the definition of “pedagogical condition” and “legal competence”. The essence of the phenomenon of “legal competence” of junior bachelor in the field of humanities of higher educational institutions is clarified and scientifically proved. The content of the concept “legal competence” is revealed; the basic components of legal competence (axiological, cognitive, humanitarian, acmeological, empirical) are revealed; the efficiency of pedagogical conditions in forming the legal competence of junior bachelors of higher education institutions is scientifically proved. It has been established that higher education institutions in the humanities provide a specialist with a “junior bachelor” degree with certain knowledge, skills and abilities of a legal orientation, which forms legal competence during certain pedagogical conditions. The article also presents the most effective pedagogical conditions designed to develop legal competence in junior bachelors of higher education, namely: organisation of education aimed at stimulating positive motivation for professional activity of specialists of education and qualification level of a junior bachelor; reflection in the content of professional disciplines of the specificity and originality of integration of legal knowledge with the disciplines of the humanities cycle; directing undergraduate self-study to develop self- -reflection skills and an understanding of the role of research work and varied practice in it; encouraging undergraduate students to volunteer. The pedagogical model of legal competence formation for junior bachelors in the humanities contains four blocks: purposeful, content, operation-activity and evaluation-result. It has been found that to successfully develop students’ legal competence, it is necessary to create pedagogical conditions in a higher education institution for teachers to use innovative methods and techniques (research methods, projects, cases, debates, presentations, etc.). It is precisely innovative teaching methods that effectively contribute to the quality of education by developing the creative abilities of individuals. According to the results of the empirical research method, it was found that the effective forms, methods and means of implementing the pedagogical conditions of junior bachelors in higher education was the organisation of independent and scientific work.
ResNet for Histopathologic Cancer Detection, the Deeper, the Better?

Histopathological image classification has become one of the most challenging tasks among researchers due to the categories and fine-grained variability of the disease. Based on deep residual convolutional neural networks (ResNet), we study the classification tasks in medical image datasets. In this paper, we seek to answer the following central question in the context of medical image analysis: Is the deeper the network layer, the better the performance? Can the transfer of pre-trained deep ResNet with sufficient fine-tuning of all layers be better than the transfer with freezing most layers and training only the last layer? To address this question, ResNet with 18, 34, 50, 152-layers pre-trained from ImageNet were transferred in two different strategies on the histopathology image datasets of Kaggle, which included 220,025 histopathology patches with labels. The performance was also compared with traditional machine learning models. Our experiments consistently demonstrated that: (1) The deeper the ResNet network layers are, the better performance may not be (AUC value of ResNet-34 is 0.992 and ResNet-152 is 0.989). The performance should be determined by the richness of semantic features of the datasets but not the depth of the layers and the time and resources required for training should also be considered in model selection. (2) Transfer learning with deep ResNet (AUC: 0.881~0.992) works better than traditional machine learning with logistic regression (AUC: 0.775), which indicates the better generalization ability and robustness of the deep ResNet. (4) Freezing most layers of the deep ResNet and only train the last fully connected layer does not improve the accuracy and efficiency of transfer learning. Fine-tuning all-layers scheme offers a practical way to reach the best performance based on the amount of available data. (5) The performance of both transfer strategies depends largely on datasets. In conclusion, both strategies produce good results in terms of training time and overall accuracy when compared to models trained from scratch or traditional machine learning models.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Personal Digital Inquiry untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Informasi Siswa pada Materi Sistem Reproduksi Manusia

The 21st century is very closely related to science and technology, so the demands of human resources are needed in order to be able to master various forms of skills. Information literacy is a very important ability for everyone when they are in the realm of biology, especially students. However, most schools at the high school level, especially in Indonesia, often do not strategically prioritize the development of information literacy. The use of the Personal Digital Inquiry learning model on the material of the human reproductive system can be used as a way to provide students with information literacy.This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of the Personal Digital Inquiry learning model in improving students' information literacy on the material of the human reproductive system. This research uses a quasi-experimental method. The research design used was a non-equivalent control group design. The sample in this research were two classes, namely students of class XI IPA, amounting to 35-40 people. The instrument used is a multiple choice information literacy test with 10 numbers related to the material of the human reproductive system. Based on the results of information literacy data obtained from the pretest and posttest scores, the experimental class experienced a higher increase than the control class. The results showed that the experimental class had a higher N-gain than the control class. This shows that the use of the Personal Digital Inquiry learning model is able to improve and train students' information literacy.
Building the criteria for assessing the chief specialists in secondary schools

One of the important management tasks of the principal in secondary schools is to evaluate the ethical quality, the capabilities and the woking efficiency of the chief specialists. This assessment activity will help the principal to grasp the real situation of the chief specialists, from which to adjust the appropriate personnel plan. From the professional personality model of the chief specialists of secondary school, the criteria for assessing their professional competence have been built
Mining Analysis of Online and Offline Teaching Modes in Colleges and Universities Under the COVID-19 Epidemic

Based on the big data sample of online teaching and questionnaires in a university in Chengdu before and after the epidemic, this paper analyzes and comes up with the advantages and disadvantages of online teaching and online and offline combined teaching, summarizes the impact of changes in teaching modes on college students' study and life against the background of the epidemic, uses SPSS (Statistic Package for Social Science) software to sort out and statistically test the data, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different online and offline teaching modes before and after the COVID-19 epidemic, and puts forward reasonable suggestions for the online and offline combined teaching mode.
Practical Dilemma and Development Strategy of Online Teaching of “College Physical Education” Against the Background of Informationization

In the context of the information media era, how teachers and students use the Internet to carry out physical education has become the focus of college physical education teachers.This research uses the methods of literature materials, case analysis, interviews and other methods to study the practical dilemma and development strategies of the online teaching of the "College Physical Education" course.Taking the online teaching of "College Physical Education" in Wuchang Institute of Technology as an example, the "College Physical Education" course of Wuchang Institute of Technology is integrated with the online platform teaching.In the actual practice process, it is found that the main problems faced by the current online teaching of the "College Physical Education" course are: the teaching content is not novel enough, the curriculum construction is not perfect; the teachers' online teaching ability is lacking; the online teaching course evaluation is relatively monotonous.In view of the problems existing in the online teaching of the "College Physical Education" course, the ways to optimize the online teaching of "College Physical Education" in colleges and universities are as follows: enriching the online teaching content of "College Physical Education" and speeding up the construction of online courses, changing ideas and improving teachers' informatization literacy, strengthening online teaching evaluation and supervision, and continuously optimizing the effect of online teaching.
Developing Translation Competence in the Process of Translation Teaching in the Digital Age

The main purpose of teaching translation is to help translation trainees develop their translation competence to meet the requirement of translation tasks.Traditional translation teaching practice has focused on the sub-competences such as language competence, textural competence and cultural competence, which cannot meet the needs of development of information technology in the digital age, particularly the development of translation technologies in the translation industry by applying artificial intelligence, cloud computing and big data.Thus, the parameters of translation competence must conform to the change of translation practice.Aside from traditional parameters, which, undoubtedly, are still essential for translator training, other sub-competences concerning information technology are suggested to be included in the spectrum of translation competence in the digital age.Based on this consideration, it is of great significance to enquire into the parameters of translation competence in the digital age.It is observed that, apart from the traditional parameters of translation competence, information literacy is very crucial.It includes searching quotient, text processing, the ability to use computer aided translation (CAT) tools and post editing.
Influence of Product Differentiation Strategy on Performance of Commercial Banks in Lodwar, Kenya

Commercial banks in Kenya are critical in fostering economic development as they fund investment. However, they are no longer making enough profit to keep them afloat while meeting the needs of their shareholders in the current economic climate due to increased competition both from other peer banks and financial innovations leading to the creation of Fintech firms. As a result, a product differentiation strategy needs to be developed to achieve a sustained competitive strategy. This study aimed to establish the influence of product differentiation strategy on the performance of commercial banks in Lodwar Town. In this respect, the study sought to determine whether a product differentiation strategy can effectively achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The study gathered primary data from four banks in Lodwar, Kenya. The banks included: Equity Bank, Kenya Commercial Bank, Cooperative Bank, and National Bank of Kenya. These banks have been in operation in Lodwar for more than a decade. A combination of questionnaires and interview schedules assisted in generating data. A total of 96 participants took part in the survey, while 4 assisted in answering the interview schedule. Regression analysis was used to test the influence of product differentiation strategy on the performance of commercial banks in Lodwar. The study found out a statistically significant positive relationship between product differentiation strategy and the performance of commercial banks in Lodwar, Kenya. This means that a product differentiation strategy can be used as a strategy to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The effects of product differentiation strategy on performance differ from one bank to another. The main limitation is that only one area was considered. In addition, the study is correlational in nature. Hence, it cannot be used to infer a causal relationship between the two. Other than conducting additional studies comparing different areas, there is a need to conduct a causal relationship to establish whether product differentiation strategy causes the performance of commercial banks.
Application of SPOC in Online and Offline Blended Teaching Mode in Universities in the Post-pandemic Era

SPOC (small private online course) is getting more and more attention from universities because of its high degree of integration with undergraduate education, individualized teaching, and students' intrinsic learning ability.In terms of design ideas, it is necessary to enrich learning resources before, during and after class with clear purpose and guidance, strengthen teacher-student and studentstudent interaction during class, and emphasize targeted communication between teachers and students after class.In terms of the implementation path of the reform, it is suggested to advocate the systematization of teaching objectives and the integration of course teaching and curriculum elements, carry out ideological education by means of influencing character by environment and analyzing cases, construct virtual learning communities centred on teachers and students, focus on and reflect students' participation, and implement diversified course grade evaluation.
The Construction of Online and Offline Blended Teaching Course Quality Evaluation System

Due to the in-depth integration of the Internet and information technology in the educational domain, the way about "teaching" and "learning" has changed, and the mode of online and offline blended teaching is increasingly appearing in university teaching.Establishing a reasonable and effective evaluation system of blended teaching course quality and improving teachers' teaching level are effective measures to guarantee the course quality of universities.This study constructs the online and offline blended teaching course quality evaluation system through six dimensions: teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching resources, online teaching, offline teaching and teaching effects, which are conducive to comprehensively enhancing the blended teaching courses quality and the talent training quality in universities.This study not only enriches the study of the blended teaching course quality evaluation system, but also has a certain reference value for the practice of blended teaching course quality evaluation in universities.
A Theoretical Perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Ethics in Nigeria's Delta Swamplands

As a mono-product economy, Nigeria relies largely on oil revenues for its foreign exchange earnings. The Niger Delta region, which accounts for about 90% of the country's revenues, has remained the oil and gas producing hub, playing host to a number of oil Multinational Corporations (MNCs). However, from the empirical literature, oil exploration activities by Multinationals have left tales of environmental pollution and degradation, poverty, and misery in their wake, thus, creating corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues in the region. This study adopted a theoretical research design and critically evaluated the role of ethics in Firms' response to CSR practice and disclosure in Nigeria. More importantly, the study highlights the imperative of developing a CSR ethical framework based on best practices guidelines that will motivate firms to demonstrate greater responsibility in their conduct towards the environment in which they operate. Furthermore, the paper, underpinned by two predominant CSR disclosure theories: institutional and stakeholder theories, explored the salience of CSR regulatory guidelines in achieving improved ethical conduct of firms. Finally, the paper offers an institutional policy direction that could assist governments in developing ethical guidelines to promote CSR practice and disclosure by firms in a developing country like Nigeria.
The Tips on Teaching Compounds

To teach compounds effectively, this paper aims to explore the rules in terms of their grammatical categories, stress, and meaning. The study shows that there are two rules to predict the grammatical categories of compounds:Generally speaking, if the head of compounds is the content word, the grammatical categories of compounds are determined by the right-hand words.If the head of compounds is the function word, the grammatical categories of compounds are usually determined by the left-hand words. In addition, there are several rules to determine the stress of compounds. For example, the primary stress of noun compounds is placed on the first element, and light stress is on the second. Also, the meaning of the head of the compound seems to be central to the meaning of the whole compound. The pedagogical implications are also suggested.