Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting on Knowledge Sharing Among Undergraduate Students

The purpose of this study is to exam the impact of trust, attitude, and information communication Technology on Knowledge sharing among undergraduate students. However, previous studies paid little attention to exam knowledge sharing among students, particularly in the Iraq setting. The study conducted at Cihan University-Erbil, Iraq, in the College of Administrative and Financial Sciences. The data collected by the questioner tool and the questioners randomly distributed among students by self-administrative. the data were analyzed by AMOS software. The results showed that all three variables, namely trust, attitude, and information communication technology, have a positive and significant impact on Knowledge sharing among undergraduate students. However, trust showed is the most vital factor that enhances and increases the sharing of knowledge among students. University should improve the culture of knowledge sharing among students to increase their productivity and knowledge.
Determination of approximate fuzzy membership function using linguistic input an approach based on interpolation

From the beginning, the assessment of membership function in fuzzy mathematics is a demanding task. The extraction of the membership function is ambience dependent and thus complication exists in the process of evaluation. In this assessment, the main work deals with the derivation of fuzzy membership function where numerical data is available. The numerical interpolation and defuzzification technique are used here. Many types of fuzzy number have been used to find out the membership function. In this paper, we mainly used triangular fuzzy number to construct the membership function. A case study is furnished to emphasise the advantage of adopting the method.
形式化 Gas 弱點偵測及攻擊生成

Successful executions of smart contracts require sufficient pre-allocated transaction fees, i.e., gas, on Ethereum. A gas vulnerability is a feasible execution of smart contracts that has its gas consumption depending on external inputs, e.g., used to check loop conditions or to calculate gas formulas. Such gas vulnerabilities may be exploited to raise massive gas consumption that leads the execution to unexpected exceptions. In this work, we propose an instruction-level symbolic stack simulation approach for systematic gas vulnerability detection and attack synthesis. The analysis process consists of 1) a sound control flow graph construction with blocks that are associated with their gas formulas and stack states, 2) symbolic execution path enumeration along with path and gas constraints generation, where loops are symbolically encoded with an auxiliary index for the number of iterations, and 3) gas vulnerability detection and its attack synthesis. To synthesize an attack to exploit the vulnerability, we use the sat model returned by an SMT solver to generate the inputs to trigger the execution that exceeds the gas limit. We report our analysis results against various contracts on Etherscan and In-house development cases, revealing previously unknown vulnerabilities in these contracts.
Analysis of History Tests in the German Abitur Exams - Focusing on Questions for the Analysis and Comparison of Historical Sources -

This study examines questions and model answers of history Abitur tests for the higher education entrance qualification in the German state of Baden- Württemberg between 2016 and 2020. Research methods are to analyze the question types and historical sources quantitatively and examine the model answers qualitatively to shed light on the procedure and strategies for writing answers. Exam topics mainly cover the development of democracy in modern and contemporary German history. A test set consists of three historical primary sources and four question sentences, and the exam time comprises 270 minutes. The four questions deal with historical source analysis, explaining a historical event or policy, and reviewing a historical thesis. The model answers to the questions on primary sources consist of ‘introduction of the presented historical sources’, ‘a description and summary of given sources’, ‘interpretation in a historical context’, ‘discussion on the arguments or intention of the source author’, and ‘summary’. The test requires students’ narrative ability to paraphrase and quote. In South Korea, in comparison, the CSAT history tests use multiple-choice questions that mainly require memorization of knowledge. This study argues that ‘Essay writing’ and ‘Analyzing historical sources’ should be more emphasized in Korean tests. The limitation of this study is that it analyzes tests of one out of 16 German states, while the scope and form of exams vary by state.
Do Data Breaches Damage Reputation? Evidence from 45 Companies Between 2002 and 2018

While data breaches have become more common, there is little evidence that companies that incur them experience a persistent decline in financial performance or security prices. Using new firm-level data between 2002 and 2018, this paper finds that firms experience a 26-29% increase in intangible capital following an average data breach. However, the largest and most salient breaches are associated with a 5-9% decline in intangible capital following a data breach. These effects are concentrated among firms in consumer-facing industries: smaller (larger) data breaches are associated with more positive (negative) effects on intangible capital. These results suggest that current regulatory guidance may not provide complete incentives for firms to invest in cybersecurity capabilities, particularly for small to medium size breaches.
Life of Artefacts: an ecological Perspective.The Case of Living Root Bridges.

The dualism between natural and artificial is a fundamental, often implicit assumption over which most design activities rest in contemporary society. It shapes both practices and theories of how artefacts come into being. In this paper, we challenge such assumptions and suggest an alternative view based on the notion of artefactualness, a property defining a continuum of degrees of human vs non-human agency, and material synthesis. We define a framework in which humans and other non-human agents interact over different time and dimensional scales to shape the artefact’s life story. Relying on the theory of ecological perception and the notion of umwelt, the framework provides a causal framework of “extended stigmergy”, where agents dwelling different umwelts interweave their actions while shaping the artefact. We illustrate this framework by analyzing the development process of artefacts that defy our conventional catalog of the world: living root bridges from the War tribal area in Meghalaya, India. Living root bridges are relational entities that help to rethink the role of human imagination and design into the more complex ecology of an artefact’s life and to move from designing things to designing with things.
Implementasi AT89C51 pada Perancangan Sistem Penguncian Pintu Otomatis

Opening or accessing a room using human power can be some troublesome things such as losing the key, having to find a double lock or repairing the lock, holding the door handle, pushing the door and locking the door back. Gate locking that directly uses a PIN or password is needed for the security and privacy of a special room. The implementation of the AT89C51 Microcontroller on a tool designed is aimed at a special or privacy room such as a bank vault. The purpose of this research is how to realize the system of opening and closing doors that can move directly by entering a combination of numbers. Another purpose of the system is made to facilitate mobility, so that for busy people can be avoided from the business of opening doors manually that can be time-consuming for those who have busy. The results of this study will be published in the Progress Journal of the final semester of 2019/2020 published by P3M STMIK Profesional Makassar.
Nurturing harmonious online inter group relation during and post Covid-19 pandemic

Throughout these three months of responding to a variety of social issues that were brought about by the COVID-19 Global pandemic in Malaysia, there are concerns relating to the online tension building among different social groups. My discussion focuses on the issue of hate speech and online racism towards the migrant and refugee communities and why these issues matter online as much as they do matter offline even before this pandemic.
Lifted Reasoning Meets Weighted Model Integration

Exact inference in probabilistic graphical models is particularly challenging in the presence of relational and other deterministic constraints. For discrete domains, weighted model counting has emerged as an effective and general approach in a variety of formalisms, and lifted reasoning has pushed the envelope further in exploiting symmetry properties over indistinguishable groups of objects, thereby avoiding the need to perform inference on the exponential ground theory. Given the limitation to discrete domains, the formulation of weighted model integration was proposed as an extension to weighted model counting for mixed discrete-continuous domains over both symbolic and numeric weight functions. While that formulation has enjoyed considerable attention in recent years, there is very little understanding on whether the task can be solved at a lifted level, that is, whether we can reason with relational models by avoiding grounding. In this paper, we consider this question. We show how to generalize algorithmic ideas known in the circuit compilation for function-free lifted inference to functions with a continuous range.
Red-Black Search Trees

There are many strategies for balancing search trees to ensure logarithmic running time for their operations. All the approaches involve modifying them when you insert or delete elements and rebalancing them to minimize their height, and in this chapter, I will show you one technique: the red-black search trees. It is a search tree where we add one of two colors to each node, either red or black:
Hey, Economist! What’s the Case for Central Bank Digital Currencies?

Since the launch of Bitcoin and other first-generation cryptocurrencies, there has been extensive experimentation in the digital currency space. So far, however, digital currencies have yet to gain much ground as a means of payment. Is there a vacuum in the landscape of digital money and payments that central banks are naturally positioned to fill? In this post, Michael Lee and Antoine Martin, economists in the New York Fed’s Money and Payment Studies function, answer some questions regarding the concept of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs).
The challenges of establishing Digital Library services in an Open Distance Learning (ODL) / Zubaydah Zamri and Norazleen Mohamad Noor

The Digital Library services has play an important role in establish in an Open Distance Learning (ODL). Digital library has a large number of learning instructional data such as text, video and audio to adjust compatibility to the distance learners. The distance learners can accessible 24/7 to the information and with the same resources allowing to use simultaneously by a number of institution at one-time usage. The Digital Revolution has affected nearly every aspect of library and museum services, from the automation of internal recordkeeping systems to the digitization of physical collections, and from the acquisition of new “born-digital” works of art or library publications to the use of technology to present collections and engage audiences. Distance learners are connected and accessible anywhere as long as an internet connection is available by using the technological devices such tablet, smartphone or personal PC. The above analysis of a definition will be the basis of the next section. If we take as an example the definition: “A digital library is an online system that stores media assets, and provides services for retrieving and presenting this content to humans or other online systems” then, the “digital library” is called the definiendum; Online system is the genus; Stores media assets and provides services are the differentiae. This study provides useful information on Digital Library Services about the challenges and how to help the development of e-learning methods among the ODL learners. Methodology term that researcher using for gathering data analysis and forecast is using the survey technique. A qualitative method will also be conducted via observation and interviews through the participants who are among the ODL learners from the university selected.
ADAPTATION OF NEW ONLINE EVALUATION METHODOLOGIES IN DIFFERENT DEGREES OF THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA DUE TO COVID-19

ADAPTATION OF NEW ONLINE EVALUATION METHODOLOGIES IN DIFFERENT DEGREES OF THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA DUE TO COVID-19
Phonological operations behind the prosodic restructuring in terms of reduction: A study of Tripura Bangla morphology

The present paper offers a descriptive outline of prosodic restructuring of Tripura Bangla (TB) morphology in terms of reductionism.With the emergence of shrinkage form, varied strata of morphological input get affected.For in-depth study, the central debate instigates the invisible hidden properties of TB.These hidden properties are nothing but the underlying representation of prosodic behaviours.Stated differently, the study opens up several phonological operations control over the morphological input to give birth to an output i.e., TB.In contrast to TB, SCB does the job of morphological input here.The target of this ad ho scrutiny is to reveal the intention behind the transformation of morphological input.To reveal the real motif of 'relative' unmarkedness, several repair strategies have been uncovered in this discussion.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) LEARNING MODEL TO FULFILL THE PASSING GRADE OF EIGHT GRADERS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES

In learning, teachers are expected to be able to bring students to be active in cooperative learning to solve problems and to discover knowledge. One solution to overcome these problems is to use a learning model Team Games Tournament (TGT). This study aims to determine the implementation of learning using the TGT learning model, student learning outcomes after the application of the TGT learning model, and student learning responses towards learning using the TGT learning model. This study was a pre-experimental design using a One-Shot Case Study research design. The sampling technique was Non-Probability Sampling with the Purposive Sampling technique. The data collection technique used two methods, namely the test method (cognitive test) and the non-test method (observation and questionnaire). The instruments used were learning implementation observation sheets, knowledge test sheets, and student response questionnaire sheets. The observation result of learning implementation based on teacher activity obtained an average score of 92.05% and student activity of 85.38% so that learning was carried out well. Student learning outcomes (post-test) had an average of 85% with complete criteria. While the response of students to this learning which was 95.82% received a positive response by students.
DRAM Bandwidth Optimal Perspective Transform Engine

Perspective transform (or Homography) is commonly used algorithms in ADAS and Automated Driving System. Perspective transform is used in multiple use-cases e.g. viewpoint change, fisheye lens distortion correction, chromatic aberration correction, stereo image pair rectification, This algorithm needs high external DRAM memory bandwidth due to inherent scaling, resulting in nonaligned two dimensional memory burst accesses, resulting in large degradation in system performance and latencies. In this paper, we propose a novel perspective transform engine to reduce external memory DRAM bandwidth to alleviate this problem. The proposed solution consists of multiple regions slicing of input video frame with block size tuned for each region. The paper also gives an algorithm for finding optimal region boundaries with corresponding block size tuned for each region. The proposed solution enables average BW reduction of 67% compared to traditional implementation and achieves clock up-to 720 MHz with output pixel throughput of 1 cycle/pixel in 16nm FinFET process node.
Migration to Cloud: The Strategic Issues

Cloud computing has emerged as a single solution for a variety of business needs. To newly budding startups and existing businesses, for IT solution, if anything that strikes them, it is cloud computing. Migrating to cloud is a sensitive issue. This work has identified several strategic issues that need to be taken into account to avoid any bumping in cloud adoption. It will immensely assist in mitigating the risk for the business organization, particularly those aiming at migrating to cloud computing in order to drive the business benefits. The newly introduced privacy act General Data Privacy Regulation (GDPR) of European Union (EU) is also taken into account to understand its impact on cloud computing, particularly in EU. Issues have been tailored in order to ensure that it caters to the emerging and dynamic demand of subscribers.
Cross Cultural Variations in Attitude of Adolescents

An attitude is a mental and neural state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individual’s response to all objects and situations with which it is related” (Allport, 1935). A decade later Kretch & Crutchfield, 1948 defined Attitude as “Attitude is an enduring organisation of motivational, emotional, perceptual and cognitive process with respect to some aspect of the individual’s world”. The Attitude of a person is determined by psychological factors like ideas, values, beliefs, perception etc.  Adolescence is the shifting period from childhood to adulthood, marked with physical and mental changes. Though Adolescent is the stage of life, cultural differences can often lead to surprising differences in their way they think, feel and act. The primary aim of the study was to examine the cultural differences among North Indian and South Indian Adolescents based on their level of attitude. A total of 100 adolescents (50 North Indians + 50 South Indians) ages ranging from 13-19 years were taken as sample for the study. Sodhi’s Attitude scale (Sodhi, 1984) was used to assess the attitude of adolescents. The results exhibited a significant difference in the attitude of North Indian and South Indian Adolescents towards their parents, teachers, discipline, life and humanity and religion
Implementasi Media Digital Endorsement Buku Antologi #TeacherSquad Menggunakan Metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle

The existence of a book becomes important in human life. The book #TeacherSquad: Salam dari Negeri Kiwi is an anthology book containing a collection of short stories created by alumni who got the 2017 Ministry of Education and Culture's flagship scholarship program at Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand. But unfortunately there are still few people who know of its existence. In fact, this book has received appreciation from a number of figures including artists in Indonesia. Unfortunately, the endorser's statement is contained in the book so that it cannot be accessed by many people. The purpose of this research is to implement digital media in the endorsement of the anthology book #TeacherSquad. The method used is MDLC. In this research, a digital media endorsement for the anthology book #TeacherSquad was successfully implemented in the form of a video. This digital media has the essence of content compatibility and this media is worthy of use to help increase the endorsement of this book.
Compositional Processing Emerges in Neural Networks Solving Math Problems.

A longstanding question in cognitive science concerns the learning mechanisms underlying compositionality in human cognition. Humans can infer the structured relationships (e.g., grammatical rules) implicit in their sensory observations (e.g., auditory speech), and use this knowledge to guide the composition of simpler meanings into complex wholes. Recent progress in artificial neural networks has shown that when large models are trained on enough linguistic data, grammatical structure emerges in their representations. We extend this work to the domain of mathematical reasoning, where it is possible to formulate precise hypotheses about how meanings (e.g., the quantities corresponding to numerals) should be composed according to structured rules (e.g., order of operations). Our work shows that neural networks are not only able to infer something about the structured relationships implicit in their training data, but can also deploy this knowledge to guide the composition of individual meanings into composite wholes.
Diffusion of institutional technologies: The case of blockchain

Organization theorists acknowledge that digital technologies can create affordances that foster novel forms of organizing, thereby shaping a symbiotic relationship between the technology and organization. In contrast to this treatment of technology and organization as separate entities, we argue that the blockchain innovation, as an institutional technology, for the first time, synthesizes both organizational and technological features in its system architectural core. A blockchain system core embeds an organizational architecture in a technology architecture, exhibiting a duality that tells blockchain apart from other digital technologies. Consequently, blockchain displays heterogeneous adoption patterns— actor-centric adoption driven by the diffusion of technology features (manifested as distributed ledger technology, DLT) versus technology-centric adoption driven by the diffusion of decentralized and self-governing organizational features (manifested as decentralized autonomous organization, DAO). We identify three diffusion patterns enabled (as well as constrained) by various boundary designs based on permeability and transparency. Taking an actor-oriented approach to theorize about the pathways leading to distinct adoption patterns, we shed new light on literature on innovation adoption by integrating organization design perspectives.
WORKSHOP EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH BERBASIS GAME

Schools that carry out distance learning, or better known as online, should be more able and accustomed to following the development of Multimedia technology. However, it turns out that this does not necessarily apply to all schools that carry out learning through online media. From the results of direct interviews with teachers and headmaster at SMKN 1 Jetis Mojokerto, it was found that teachers still had difficulties in using multimedia for the learning process, and students also felt uninterested in participating in online learning activities, so that the tasks given by teachers are also ignored by students. This is very troubling considering that online learning is a must in this pandemic era. Based on these problems, Based on these problems, PPM Lecturers of the Mathematics Education Study Program need to carry out PPM activities with the theme is Multimedia-Based Distance Learning Management Workshop for Teachers of SMKN 1 Jetis this aims to provide assistance to solve problems for teachers of SMKN 1 Jetis Mojokerto related to evaluation of distance learning game-based using the Kahoot and Quizizz applications.Keywords: Online, Learning Evaluation, Game