Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Effects of Remittances on Income Inequality in Bangladesh: A Macroeconomic Analysis

This study attempts to examine the effects of remittances on income inequality in Bangladesh over the period of 1990 to 2016. The study period has been chosen based on data availability at macro level. To serve the purpose, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique is applied since unit root test confirms a combination of variables some which are stationary at level and others become stationary after first difference. The error correction model estimated by reparametrizing the ARDL model after having confirmation about the existence of long run relationship through bound test. An inverted U-shaped relationship between the remittances and income inequality has been found by the study. Remittances increase income inequality in short run and decrease income inequality in the long run. In the long run an increase in remittances by 1 per cent reduces the income inequality by 11 per cent on an average. The adjustment coefficient has the expected negative sign at 1 per cent level of significance which ensure a monotonically convergent adjustment towards the equilibrium with the speed of 21.65 per cent. Among other control variables, private credit increases income inequality in the long run and decrease it in the short run. Exchange rate and inflation either have very negligible effects or no significant effects both in short run and in long run. Based on the findings, it could be suggested that the country should take proper steps to encourage investment of remittances in productive activities to accumulate capital which could ensure the path of accruing the beneficial impacts of remittances on income inequality in the long run.
TEACHING VOCABULARY THROUGH THINK PAIR SHARE TO THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 3 CIMAHI

There are two objectives of this study. The first is to observe the students’ perception on teaching english vocabulary through Cooperative Learning, and the next objective is  to know students’s ability in mastering vocabularies. The method which used by the researcher is Classroom Action Research with the technique is Think Pair Share (TPS). The objective of this research is also to identify the benefits that the students obtained from that technique. The respondents of the research were seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Cimahi in the school year of 2018/2019. In this research, the researcher implemented the research on two cycles for seven meetings. Each cycle consist four steps. They are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In the first cycle, there are four meetings. In first meeting, the researcher gave the pre-test to the students. That is for knowing the student’s ability in the first. Next meeting, the researcher do the first treatment, and second treatment was done in third meeting. So, in the last meeting of cycle 1, the researcher gave the post-test to the students. While, those are three meetings in cycle 2. In the first meeting, the researcher gave the third treatment. This is for continuing the treatment in cycle 1. After that, in the second meeting, the researcher gave the fourth treatment. So, in  the last meeting of cycle 2, the researcher gave the post test for the students.  The results of the study that the teaching english vocabulary through Think Pair Share (TPS) technique could help students’ vocabulary in learning english because they can share the knowledge about English, especially in vocabularies with the other friends. And this technique also can make the enjoyable learning in activity learning in the classroom. Keywords :  Vocabulary, Think Pair Share (TPS), Cooperative Learning
Zero-Shot Dialogue State Tracking via Cross-Task Transfer.

Zero-shot transfer learning for dialogue state tracking (DST) enables us to handle a variety of task-oriented dialogue domains without the expense of collecting in-domain data. In this work, we propose to transfer the cross-task knowledge from general question answering (QA) corpora for the zero-shot DST task. Specifically, we propose TransferQA, a transferable generative QA model that seamlessly combines extractive QA and multi-choice QA via a text-to-text transformer framework, and tracks both categorical slots and non-categorical slots in DST. In addition, we introduce two effective ways to construct unanswerable questions, namely, negative question sampling and context truncation, which enable our model to handle none value slots in the zero-shot DST setting. The extensive experiments show that our approaches substantially improve the existing zero-shot and few-shot results on MultiWoz. Moreover, compared to the fully trained baseline on the Schema-Guided Dialogue dataset, our approach shows better generalization ability in unseen domains.
Virtual reality-based tool applied in the teaching and training of condition-based maintenance in induction motors

Critical situations such as the current pandemic produced by the Sars-Cov-2 (COVID-19) are leading to the incorporation of new technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), as a part of the teaching and training methods that facilitates the teaching task in contrast with the traditional learning methods that have been used in the academia. In this regard, in this work is proposed the design and development of a VR-based tool that is applied in the teaching and training of condition-based maintenance strategies in induction motors. The design of this tool is performed under Oculus Quest and includes the development of the 3D virtual environments, the creation of the VR learning experience, and finally the necessary adjustments for the VR application to render smoothly on standalone devices. The usability of this experience tool has been experimentally validated with different students by giving to the students practical knowledge but also a learning experience.
A sine-cosine wavelet method for the approximation solutions of the fractional bagley-torvik equation

Fractional Bagley-Torvik differential equations can be used to model a variety of natural phenomena in many branches of applied mathematics and engineering in general. The focus of this study is on solving the fractional Bagley-Torvik equations by using sine-cosine wavelet. To this end, the operational matrix of fractional integration is obtained for sine-cosine wavelets. By utilizing this matrix, fractional Bagley-Torvik differential equation is transformed to a system of linear algebraic equations with unknown coefficients, which in turn can readily be solved using numerical solution methods. Test examples are provided to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of this approach
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN WHOLE LANGUAGE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 2 TANAH JAWA TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019

The fundamental problem examined in this study is the concern for the ability of students speaking Indonesian. The Whole Language learning approach is increasingly strategic to implement because it is one of the language learning approaches introduced in Indonesia. The efficacy of this approach has been proven by several countries that use it to improve language teaching. Whole Language is a language teaching approach that presents language teaching as a whole, not separate. In the learning process, researchers apply two stages, namely the stages before and after implementing the whole language learning approach to teach students about language skills with 4 components, namely: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This study aims to determine: (1) ability students write paragraph descriptions before applying the whole language learning approach; (2) the ability of students to write paragraph descriptions after applying the whole language learning approach; (3) differences in the ability of students to write paragraph descriptions before and after applying the whole language learning approach to 52 research samples, class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Tanah Jawa T.P.2018 / 2019. The results of the study are (1) The ability of students to write descriptive paragraphs before applying the whole language approach aspects of the order of contents of paragraphs 22.21; EYD 16.82; coherence and cohesion 16,73; and an average value of 55.96, the ability of students is in the less category. (2) The percentage of students' ability to write descriptive paragraphs before applying the whole language approach obtained aspects of the paragraph contents 39.71%; EYD 30.60%; coherence and cohesion of 29.68% and the average value of 49.65%, the ability of students is in the less category. (3) The ability to write paragraph descriptions after applying the whole language approach is obtained in the order of contents in paragraphs 25.86; EYD 17.30; coherence and cohesion 20.09; and the average value of 62.98, the ability of students is in the sufficient category. (4) Percentage of the average value of students' ability to write paragraphs of description after the application of the whole language approach aspects of the order of contents of paragraphs 41.06%; EYD 27.48%; coherence and cohesion 31.90%; and an average score of 62.98%, the ability of students is sufficient. (5) The results of the hypothesis test calculation obtained thitung = 1.750 abel t table = 1.698 at the 0.05 level of significance, then the research hypothesis that has been formulated is proven to be true.
CANITA: Faster Rates for Distributed Convex Optimization with Communication Compression

Due to the high communication cost in distributed and federated learning, methods relying on compressed communication are becoming increasingly popular. Besides, the best theoretically and practically performing gradient-type methods invariably rely on some form of acceleration/momentum to reduce the number of communications (faster convergence), e.g., Nesterov's accelerated gradient descent (Nesterov, 2004) and Adam (Kingma and Ba, 2014). In order to combine the benefits of communication compression and convergence acceleration, we propose a \emph{compressed and accelerated} gradient method for distributed optimization, which we call CANITA. Our CANITA achieves the \emph{first accelerated rate} $O\bigg(\sqrt{\Big(1+\sqrt{\frac{\omega^3}{n}}\Big)\frac{L}{\epsilon}} + \omega\big(\frac{1}{\epsilon}\big)^{\frac{1}{3}}\bigg)$, which improves upon the state-of-the-art non-accelerated rate $O\left((1+\frac{\omega}{n})\frac{L}{\epsilon} + \frac{\omega^2+n}{\omega+n}\frac{1}{\epsilon}\right)$ of DIANA (Khaled et al., 2020b) for distributed general convex problems, where $\epsilon$ is the target error, $L$ is the smooth parameter of the objective, $n$ is the number of machines/devices, and $\omega$ is the compression parameter (larger $\omega$ means more compression can be applied, and no compression implies $\omega=0$). Our results show that as long as the number of devices $n$ is large (often true in distributed/federated learning), or the compression $\omega$ is not very high, CANITA achieves the faster convergence rate $O\Big(\sqrt{\frac{L}{\epsilon}}\Big)$, i.e., the number of communication rounds is $O\Big(\sqrt{\frac{L}{\epsilon}}\Big)$ (vs. $O\big(\frac{L}{\epsilon}\big)$ achieved by previous works). As a result, CANITA enjoys the advantages of both compression (compressed communication in each round) and acceleration (much fewer communication rounds).
Automating the Calculation of Damage Caused by Illegal Logging

The requirements of regulatory documents for determining the amount of damage caused to forest plantations due to illegal felling and other violations of forest legislation as a result of which the forest stand is destroyed are considered. Based on the analysis of the requirements of regulatory documents, an algorithm has been developed that makes it possible to structure the sequence of decisions made when determining the harm for the destruction of forest plantations. Work has been done to integrate the developed algorithm into the electronic environment and the commands for automatic calculation have been written based on the data entered by the system operator. Based on the data of different variations, test calculations of the amount of harm in an automated system were carried out. The obtained results of test calculations were compared with the calculations of experts. On the basis of a comparative analysis, conclusions were drawn about the correctness of the developed automated system for determining the amount of harm.
Backward-Compatible Prediction Updates: A Probabilistic Approach

When machine learning systems meet real world applications, accuracy is only one of several requirements. In this paper, we assay a complementary perspective originating from the increasing availability of pre-trained and regularly improving state-of-the-art models. While new improved models develop at a fast pace, downstream tasks vary more slowly or stay constant. Assume that we have a large unlabelled data set for which we want to maintain accurate predictions. Whenever a new and presumably better ML models becomes available, we encounter two problems: (i) given a limited budget, which data points should be re-evaluated using the new model?; and (ii) if the new predictions differ from the current ones, should we update? Problem (i) is about compute cost, which matters for very large data sets and models. Problem (ii) is about maintaining consistency of the predictions, which can be highly relevant for downstream applications; our demand is to avoid negative flips, i.e., changing correct to incorrect predictions. In this paper, we formalize the Prediction Update Problem and present an efficient probabilistic approach as answer to the above questions. In extensive experiments on standard classification benchmark data sets, we show that our method outperforms alternative strategies along key metrics for backward-compatible prediction updates.
Study about Intelligent Virtual Agent: Learning How to Make Compromises

The research aims to empower the learning agent to control the way of reaching a goal. More specifically objectives of the study are to explore the possibility of intelligent virtual agents learning to make acceptable tradeoffs only when a goal cannot be achieved if all user-defined requirements on how to achieve it are met. This chapter proposes a modification of the Q-learning algorithm to achieve these goals. In this way, it is expected to take a step towards achieving goals such as modelling shopping therapy, understanding the preferences of others, understanding whether the shopping habit is becoming a problem, detecting problems with cognitive memory, modelling behaviour specific to different age groups. To make the Q-learning agent find the optimal path to the goal by meeting particular complex criteria, the use of measures model (a model of environmental criteria and/or emotional models), represented as a new memory matrix, is introduced. If the goal cannot be reached by following the pre-set criteria, the learning agent can compromise a given criterion. The agent makes the least possible number of tradeoffs and appropriate compromises only to reach the goal. If the criteria are arranged by their level of importance, then the agent can choose more in number and more acceptable compromises instead of unacceptable ones. The modified algorithm was applied to train three different intelligent learning agents, respectively a shopping cart agent, a gift-shopping agent, and a broker. The tests show improvement in their behavior.
교직과정 중심의 초등교사 양성대학 정체성 논의

This study explored the meaning of the identity of training college for elementary school teachers. To this end, the researcher derived the problem consciousness from his own personal experience. And by dividing the teacher identity formation process into three stages through Mead's self-theory, it was revealed that the basic role of the training college is to smoothly convert the [student's point of view] that the preservice teacher has into [the teacher's point of view]. And such a conversion is possible through the teaching profession courses among the curriculum of the training college, and here, teaching profession courses, as a perspective changer, is to enable pre-service teachers to form a 'critical connoisseurship' on 10 subjects. In particular, this fact is consistent with the value of elementary education that subjects should be taught considering the development of children rather than the academic purpose of the subject itself. And it reveals the importance of the role of elementary school teachers as homeroom teacher and the goal of training college. Therefore, it is necessary to reorganize the curriculum by reflecting these factors in the teaching profession courses program. However, the most important thing is that this study started from the demands and needs of (pre-service) teachers for professional development, and the elementary school teacher training program should move forward in a direction that actively reflects this.
End-to-End Entity Resolution and Question Answering Using Differentiable Knowledge Graphs

Recently, end-to-end (E2E) trained models for question answering over knowledge graphs (KGQA) have delivered promising results using only a weakly supervised dataset. However, these models are trained and evaluated in a setting where hand-annotated question entities are supplied to the model, leaving the important and non-trivial task of entity resolution (ER) outside the scope of E2E learning. In this work, we extend the boundaries of E2E learning for KGQA to include the training of an ER component. Our model only needs the question text and the answer entities to train, and delivers a stand-alone QA model that does not require an additional ER component to be supplied during runtime. Our approach is fully differentiable, thanks to its reliance on a recent method for building differentiable KGs (Cohen et al., 2020). We evaluate our E2E trained model on two public datasets and show that it comes close to baseline models that use hand-annotated entities.
Σχεδιασμός ψηφιακής εφαρμογής για ευφυή συσκευασία χρώματος βαφής κατοικιών

The reason for the research was the application design (application for mobile phones and tablets) for a company that sells house paints through the packaging of the product. The paint or coating as it is mentioned is the material that covers the basic works of the construction of the houses. At the same time, it decorates the space and shapes its aesthetics. The company will promote its products through the use of the application. It will especially offer color proposals and combinations with their real-time display on the surface that the customer will paint. While guiding him with information and video. In the end it remains the selection of the material and the application by him.
Pembangunan Sistem Informasi Keuangan Berbasis Website Menggunakan Metode Prototyping (studi Kasus: Rumah Sakit Bakti Timah Karimun)

Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital Financial System is a management information system in Bakti Timah Karimun hospital. The purpose of this research is to change the Financial System at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital from a manual system using paper to a website-based Financial System and to implement a website-based Financial System in the preparation of financial statements at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. This research resulted in the Hospital Financial System being built using prototype methods and CI framework at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. The construction of the system system was completed on 2 iterations and the work of the system for approximately 3 months. This system was built according to the needs of Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. The system built can help bakti Timah Karimun Hospital in the process of managing hospital finances.Keywords: Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital, Financial System, Prototype, CI Framework.
Critical Perspective: Systematic Review of Virtual Methodology in University Contexts and its Application in the Time of Covid 19

The virtual methodology has become a compulsory subject for students teachers of all levels modalities worldwide, following the Covid-19 pandemic that the planet is experiencing. The objective of this article was to identify evaluate available scientific articles on virtual methodology in university contexts for its application in the time of Covid-19. In this retrospective review from 2010 to 2020, 313,204 articles were analyzed, indexed in the SCOPUS EBSCO database, which were analyzed under the criteria of inclusion exclusion, considering the algorithms or, and not present in the academic search engines. In addition, time intervals, geography, open access, subject, relationship to the research topic were applied, finally delimiting a total of 32 scientific articles that fulfilled the structured process. The research question was: what are the emerging virtual methodologies in a university context, in the SCOPUS EBSCO database, for application in Covid-19 times? The results obtained were that the methodologies mostly used were the flipped classroom, problem-based learning, pacie methodology, study lesson methodology b-learning methodology. Likewise, the virtual platforms, blackboard, moodle webct were used, mixed methodologies were incorporated, highlighting the classes, both synchronous asynchronous. From the findings we analyzed the lack of methodological processes that detail in detail the proposal made, so we suggest research on emerging virtual methodologies indicating each process developed so that the beneficiary is the educational community. Likewise, the evidence proved that virtual methodology favors teaching-learning, for this reason it is suggested to maximize its use by conceiving the idea of technology innovation as creative innovative spaces that promote the link between teacher student
Lingkungan Pembelajaran yang Produktif dan Kondusif

One important factor that can maximize learning opportunities for children is the creation of a conducive learning environment. Learning environment in this case, is everything related to where the learning process is carried out. While conducive means appropriate conditions and support the implementation of the learning process. The learning process is the interaction between the child and his environment, so that in the child the information processing process occurs into knowledge, skills and attitudes as a result of the learning process. There are several components that must be considered, as follows: understanding classroom management, reasons, objectives and management strategies, design of the physical environment of the classroom, creation of the environment, being a good communicator, dealing with problematic behavior, class/school based programs, inhibiting factors and classroom management procedures considering these factors, it will be able to create a conducive and productive learning environment.