Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
COOP: Decoupling and Coupling of Whole-Body Grasping Pose Generation

Generating life-like whole-body human grasping has garnered significant attention in the field of computer graphics. Existing works have demonstrated the effectiveness of keyframe-guided motion generation framework, witch focus on modeling the grasping motions of humans in temporal sequence when the target objects are placed in front of them. However, the generated grasping poses of the human body in the key-frames are limited, failing to capture the full range of grasping poses that humans are capable of.To address this issue, we propose a novel framework called COOP (DeCOupling and COupling of Whole-Body GrasPing Pose Generation) to synthesize life-like wholebody poses that cover the widest range of human grasping capabilities. In this framework, we first decouple the wholebody pose into body pose and hand pose and model them separately, which allows us to pre-train the body model with out-of-domain data easily. Then, we couple these two generated body parts through a unified optimization algorithm.Furthermore, we design a simple evaluation method to evaluate the generalization ability of models in generating grasping poses for objects placed at different positions. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of our method. And COOP holds great potential as a plug-and-play component for other domains in whole-body pose generation. Our models and code are available at https://github.com/zhengyanzhao1997/COOP.
RIGID: Recurrent GAN Inversion and Editing of Real Face Videos

GAN inversion is indispensable for applying the powerful editability of GAN to real images. However, existing methods invert video frames individually often leading to undesired inconsistent results over time. In this paper, we propose a unified recurrent framework, named Recurrent vIdeo GAN Inversion and eDiting (RIGID), to explicitly and simultaneously enforce temporally coherent GAN inversion and facial editing of real videos. Our approach models the temporal relations between current and previous frames from three aspects. To enable a faithful real video reconstruction, we first maximize the inversion fidelity and consistency by learning a temporal compensated latent code. Second, we observe incoherent noises lie in the high-frequency domain that can be disentangled from the latent space. Third, to remove the inconsistency after attribute manipulation, we propose an in-between frame composition constraint such that the arbitrary frame must be a direct composite of its neighboring frames. Our unified framework learns the inherent coherence between input frames in an end-to-end manner, and therefore it is agnostic to a specific attribute and can be applied to arbitrary editing of the same video without re-training. Extensive experiments demonstrate that RIGID outperforms state-of-the-art methods qualitatively and quantitatively in both inversion and editing tasks. The deliverables can be found in https://cnnlstm.github.io/RIGID.
Isomer: Isomerous Transformer for Zero-shot Video Object Segmentation

Recent leading zero-shot video object segmentation (ZVOS) works devote to integrating appearance and motion information by elaborately designing feature fusion modules and identically applying them in multiple feature stages. Our preliminary experiments show that with the strong long-range dependency modeling capacity of Transformer, simply concatenating the two modality features and feeding them to vanilla Transformers for feature fusion can distinctly benefit the performance but at a cost of heavy computation. Through further empirical analysis, we find that attention dependencies learned in Transformer in different stages exhibit completely different properties: global query-independent dependency in the low-level stages and semantic-specific dependency in the high-level stages. Motivated by the observations, we propose two Transformer variants: i) Context-Sharing Transformer (CST) that learns the global-shared contextual information within image frames with a lightweight computation. ii) Semantic Gathering-Scattering Transformer (SGST) that models the semantic correlation separately for the foreground and background and reduces the computation cost with a soft token merging mechanism. We apply CST and SGST for low-level and high-level feature fusions, respectively, formulating a level-isomerous Transformer framework for ZVOS task. Compared with the baseline that uses vanilla Transformers for multi-stage fusion, ours significantly increase the speed by 13× and achieves new state-of-the-art ZVOS performance. Code is available at https://github.com/DLUT-yyc/Isomer.
Transferable Adversarial Attack for Both Vision Transformers and Convolutional Networks via Momentum Integrated Gradients

Visual Transformers (ViTs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are the two primary backbone structures extensively used in various vision tasks. Generating transferable adversarial examples for ViTs is difficult due to ViTs’ superior robustness, while transferring adversarial examples across ViTs and CNNs is even harder, since their structures and mechanisms for processing images are fundamentally distinct. In this work, we propose a novel attack method named Momentum Integrated Gradients (MIG), which not only attacks ViTs with high success rate, but also exhibits impressive transferability across ViTs and CNNs. Specifically, we use integrated gradients rather than gradients to steer the generation of adversarial perturbations, inspired by the observation that integrated gradients of images demonstrate higher similarity across models in comparison to regular gradients. Then we acquire the accumulated gradients by combining the integrated gradients from previous iterations with the current ones in a momentum manner and use their sign to modify the perturbations iteratively. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate that adversarial examples obtained using MIG show stronger transferability, resulting in significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods for both CNN and ViT models.
Self-supervised Learning to Bring Dual Reversed Rolling Shutter Images Alive

Modern consumer cameras usually employ the rolling shutter (RS) mechanism, where images are captured by scanning scenes row-by-row, yielding RS distortions for dynamic scenes. To correct RS distortions, existing methods adopt a fully supervised learning manner, where high framerate global shutter (GS) images should be collected as ground-truth supervision. In this paper, we propose a Self-supervised learning framework for Dual reversed RS distortions Correction (SelfDRSC), where a DRSC network can be learned to generate a high framerate GS video only based on dual RS images with reversed distortions. In particular, a bidirectional distortion warping module is proposed for reconstructing dual reversed RS images, and then a self-supervised loss can be deployed to train DRSC network by enhancing the cycle consistency between input and reconstructed dual reversed RS images. Besides start and end RS scanning time, GS images at arbitrary intermediate scanning time can also be supervised in SelfDRSC, thus enabling the learned DRSC network to generate a high framerate GS video. Moreover, a simple yet effective self-distillation strategy is introduced in self-supervised loss for mitigating boundary artifacts in generated GS images. On synthetic dataset, SelfDRSC achieves better or comparable quantitative metrics in comparison to state-of-the-art methods trained in the full supervision manner. On real-world RS cases, our SelfDRSC can produce high framerate GS videos with finer correction textures and better temporary consistency. The source code and trained models are made publicly available at https://github.com/shangwei5/SelfDRSC.
Probabilistic Triangulation for Uncalibrated Multi-View 3D Human Pose Estimation

3D human pose estimation has been a long-standing challenge in computer vision and graphics, where multi-view methods have significantly progressed but are limited by the tedious calibration processes. Existing multi-view methods are restricted to fixed camera pose and therefore lack generalization ability. This paper presents a novel Probabilistic Triangulation module that can be embedded in a calibrated 3D human pose estimation method, generalizing it to uncalibration scenes. The key idea is to use a probability distribution to model the camera pose and iteratively update the distribution from 2D features instead of using camera pose. Specifically, We maintain a camera pose distribution and then iteratively update this distribution by computing the posterior probability of the camera pose through Monte Carlo sampling. This way, the gradients can be directly back-propagated from the 3D pose estimation to the 2D heatmap, enabling end-to-end training. Extensive experiments on Human3.6M and CMU Panoptic demonstrate that our method outperforms other uncalibration methods and achieves comparable results with state-of-the-art calibration methods. Thus, our method achieves a trade-off between estimation accuracy and generalizability. Our code is in https://github.com/bymaths/probabilistictriangulation
Benchmarking and Analyzing Robust Point Cloud Recognition: Bag of Tricks for Defending Adversarial Examples

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for 3D point cloud recognition are vulnerable to adversarial examples, threatening their practical deployment. Despite the many research endeavors have been made to tackle this issue in recent years, the diversity of adversarial examples on 3D point clouds makes them more challenging to defend against than those on 2D images. For examples, attackers can generate adversarial examples by adding, shifting, or removing points. Consequently, existing defense strategies are hard to counter unseen point cloud adversarial examples. In this paper, we first establish a comprehensive, and rigorous point cloud adversarial robustness benchmark to evaluate adversarial robustness, which can provide a detailed understanding of the effects of the defense and attack methods. We then collect existing defense tricks in point cloud adversarial defenses and then perform extensive and systematic experiments to identify an effective combination of these tricks. Furthermore, we propose a hybrid training augmentation methods that consider various types of point cloud adversarial examples to adversarial training, significantly improving the adversarial robustness. By combining these tricks, we construct a more robust defense framework achieving an average accuracy of 83.45% against various attacks, demonstrating its capability to enabling robust learners. Our codebase are open-sourced on: https://github.com/qiufan319/benchmark_pc_attack.git.
ALIP: Adaptive Language-Image Pre-training with Synthetic Caption

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has significantly boosted the performance of various vision-language tasks by scaling up the dataset with image-text pairs collected from the web. However, the presence of intrinsic noise and unmatched image-text pairs in web data can potentially affect the performance of representation learning. To address this issue, we first utilize the OFA model to generate synthetic captions that focus on the image content. The generated captions contain complementary information that is beneficial for pre-training. Then, we propose an Adaptive Language-Image Pre-training (ALIP), a bi-path model that integrates supervision from both raw text and synthetic caption. As the core components of ALIP, the Language Consistency Gate (LCG) and Description Consistency Gate (DCG) dynamically adjust the weights of samples and image-text/caption pairs during the training process. Meanwhile, the adaptive contrastive loss can effectively reduce the impact of noise data and enhances the efficiency of pre-training data. We validate ALIP with experiments on different scales of models and pre-training datasets. Experiments results show that ALIP achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple downstream tasks including zero-shot image-text retrieval and linear probe. To facilitate future research, the code and pre-trained models are released at https://github.com/deepglint/ALIP.
End-to-end 3D Tracking with Decoupled Queries

In this work, we present an end-to-end framework for camera-based 3D multi-object tracking, called DQTrack. To avoid heuristic design in detection-based trackers, recent query-based approaches deal with identity-agnostic detection and identity-aware tracking in a single embedding. However, it brings inferior performance because of the inherent representation conflict. To address this issue, we decouple the single embedding into separated queries, i.e., object query and track query. Unlike previous detection-based and query-based methods, the decoupled-query paradigm utilizes task-specific queries and still maintains the compact pipeline without complex post-processing. Moreover, the learnable association and temporal update are designed to provide differentiable trajectory association and frame-by-frame query update, respectively. The proposed DQ-Track is demonstrated to achieve consistent gains in various benchmarks, outperforming previous tracking-by-detection and learning-based methods on the nuScenes dataset. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Dual Meta-Learning with Longitudinally Generalized Regularization for One-Shot Brain Tissue Segmentation Across the Human Lifespan

Brain tissue segmentation is essential for neuroscience and clinical studies. However, segmentation on longitudinal data is challenging due to dynamic brain changes across the lifespan. Previous researches mainly focus on self-supervision with regularizations and will lose longitudinal generalization when fine-tuning on a specific age group. In this paper, we propose a dual meta-learning paradigm to learn longitudinally consistent representations and persist when fine-tuning. Specifically, we learn a plug-and-play feature extractor to extract longitudinal-consistent anatomical representations by meta-feature learning and a well-initialized task head for fine-tuning by meta-initialization learning. Besides, two class-aware regularizations are proposed to encourage longitudinal consistency. Experimental results on the iSeg2019 and ADNI datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Our code is available at https://github.com/ladderlab-xjtu/DuMeta.
Unleashing the Power of Gradient Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Zero-Shot NAS

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) aims to automatically find optimal neural network architectures in an efficient way. Zero-Shot NAS is a promising technique that leverages proxies to predict the accuracy of candidate architectures without any training. However, we have observed that most existing proxies do not consistently perform well across different search spaces, and are less concerned with generalization. Recently, the gradient signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR) was shown to be correlated with neural network generalization performance. In this paper, we not only explicitly give the probability that larger GSNR at network initialization can ensure better generalization, but also theoretically prove that GSNR can ensure better convergence. Then we design the ξ-based gradient signal-to-noise ratio (ξ-GSNR) as a Zero-Shot NAS proxy to predict the network accuracy at initialization. Extensive experiments in different search spaces demonstrate that ξ-GSNR provides superior ranking consistency compared to previous proxies. Moreover, ξ-GSNR-based Zero-Shot NAS also achieves outstanding performance when directly searching for the optimal architecture in various search spaces and datasets. The source code is available at https://github.com/Sunzh1996/Xi-GSNR.
Rickrolling the Artist: Injecting Backdoors into Text Encoders for Text-to-Image Synthesis

While text-to-image synthesis currently enjoys great popularity among researchers and the general public, the security of these models has been neglected so far. Many text-guided image generation models rely on pre-trained text encoders from external sources, and their users trust that the retrieved models will behave as promised. Unfortunately, this might not be the case. We introduce backdoor attacks against text-guided generative models and demonstrate that their text encoders pose a major tampering risk. Our attacks only slightly alter an encoder so that no suspicious model behavior is apparent for image generations with clean prompts. By then inserting a single character trigger into the prompt, e.g., a non-Latin character or emoji, the adversary can trigger the model to either generate images with pre-defined attributes or images following a hidden, potentially malicious description. We empirically demonstrate the high effectiveness of our attacks on Stable Diffusion and highlight that the injection process of a single backdoor takes less than two minutes. Besides phrasing our approach solely as an attack, it can also force an encoder to forget phrases related to certain concepts, such as nudity or violence, and help to make image generation safer. Our source code is available at https://github.com/LukasStruppek/Rickrolling-the-Artist.
Attentive Mask CLIP

In vision-language modeling, image token removal is an efficient augmentation technique to reduce the cost of encoding image features. The CLIP-style models, however, have been found to be negatively impacted by this technique. We hypothesize that removing a large portion of image tokens may inadvertently destroy the semantic information associated to a given text description, resulting in misaligned paired data in CLIP training. To address this issue, we propose an attentive token removal approach, which retains a small number of tokens that have a strong semantic correlation to the corresponding text description. The correlation scores are dynamically evaluated through an EMA-updated vision encoder. Our method, termed attentive mask CLIP, outperforms original CLIP and CLIP variant with random token removal while saving the training time. In addition, our approach also enables efficient multi-view contrastive learning. Experimentally, by training ViT-B on YFCC-15M dataset, our approach achieves 43.9% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K zero-shot classification, 62.7/42.1 and 38.0/23.2 I2T/T2I retrieval accuracy on Flickr30K and MS COCO, outperforming SLIP by +1.1%, +5.5/+0.9, and +4.4/+1.3, respectively, while being 2.30× faster. An efficient version of our approach runs 1.16× faster than the plain CLIP model, while achieving significant gains of +5.3%, +11.3/+8.0, and +9.5/+4.9 on these benchmarks, respectively. Code will be release in https://github.com/microsoft/A-CLIP.
Self-Calibrated Cross Attention Network for Few-Shot Segmentation

The key to the success of few-shot segmentation (FSS) lies in how to effectively utilize support samples. Most solutions compress support foreground (FG) features into prototypes, but lose some spatial details. Instead, others use cross attention to fuse query features with uncompressed support FG. Query FG could be fused with support FG, however, query background (BG) cannot find matched BG features in support FG, yet inevitably integrates dissimilar features. Besides, as both query FG and BG are combined with support FG, they get entangled, thereby leading to ineffective segmentation. To cope with these issues, we design a self-calibrated cross attention (SCCA) block. For efficient patch-based attention, query and support features are firstly split into patches. Then, we design a patch alignment module to align each query patch with its most similar support patch for better cross attention. Specifically, SCCA takes a query patch as Q, and groups the patches from the same query image and the aligned patches from the support image as K&V. In this way, the query BG features are fused with matched BG features (from query patches), and thus the aforementioned issues will be mitigated. Moreover, when calculating SCCA, we design a scaled-cosine mechanism to better utilize the support features for similarity calculation. Extensive experiments conducted on PASCAL-5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> and COCO-20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> demonstrate the superiority of our model, e.g., the mIoU score under 5-shot setting on COCO-20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sup> is 5.6%+ better than previous state-of-the-arts. The code is available at https://github.com/Sam1224/SCCAN.
Dynamic PlenOctree for Adaptive Sampling Refinement in Explicit NeRF

The explicit neural radiance field (NeRF) has gained considerable interest for its efficient training and fast inference capabilities, making it a promising direction such as virtual reality and gaming. In particular, PlenOctree (POT) [43], an explicit hierarchical multi-scale octree representation, has emerged as a structural and influential framework. However, POT’s fixed structure for direct optimization is sub-optimal as the scene complexity evolves continuously with updates to cached color and density, necessitating refining the sampling distribution to capture signal complexity accordingly. To address this issue, we propose the dynamic PlenOctree (DOT), which adaptively refines the sample distribution to adjust to changing scene complexity. Specifically, DOT proposes a concise yet novel hierarchical feature fusion strategy during the iterative rendering process. Firstly, it identifies the regions of interest through training signals to ensure adaptive and efficient refinement. Next, rather than directly filtering out valueless nodes, DOT introduces the sampling and pruning operations for octrees to aggregate features, enabling rapid parameter learning. Compared with POT, our DOT outperforms it by enhancing visual quality, reducing over 55.15/68.84% parameters, and providing 1.7/1.9 times FPS for NeRF-synthetic and Tanks & Temples, respectively.
MetaF2N: Blind Image Super-Resolution by Learning Efficient Model Adaptation from Faces

Due to their highly structured characteristics, faces are easier to recover than natural scenes for blind image super-resolution. Therefore, we can extract the degradation representation of an image from the low-quality and recovered face pairs. Using the degradation representation, realistic low-quality images can then be synthesized to fine-tune the super-resolution model for the real-world low-quality image. However, such a procedure is time-consuming and laborious, and the gaps between recovered faces and the ground-truths further increase the optimization uncertainty. To facilitate efficient model adaptation towards image-specific degradations, we propose a method dubbed MetaF2N, which leverages the contained Faces to fine-tune model parameters for adapting to the whole Natural image in a Meta-learning framework. The degradation extraction and low-quality image synthesis steps are thus circumvented in our MetaF2N, and it requires only one fine-tuning step to get decent performance. Considering the gaps between the recovered faces and ground-truths, we further deploy a MaskNet for adaptively predicting loss weights at different positions to reduce the impact of low-confidence areas. To evaluate our proposed MetaF2N, we have collected a real-world low-quality dataset with one or multiple faces in each image, and our MetaF2N achieves superior performance on both synthetic and real-world datasets. Source code, pre-trained models, and collected datasets are available at https://github.com/yinzhicun/MetaF2N.