The Influence of Information Technology, Discovery Learning and Digital Literacy Learning Models on Citizenship Education Learning Outcomes

In the current era of digitalization where all information can be obtained through various media, the existence of technology today is very useful in various fields of life, one of which is the field of education. Technology-based learning or can be referred to as mobile learning is often used today, given that students and educators have to carry out learning activities at home because of the pandemic. Technology-based learning or mobile learning is learning that utilizes technology and information devices, for example, what we often use in everyday life are smartphones, laptops, and others. This digital learning process can be said to be special because learning can be done remotely anywhere and anytime. Then mobile learning also makes it easier for students to find the desired information source via the internet. And technology-based learning is very important to use to conduct online meetings through various available applications such as Zoom Meeting, Webex, Google Meet, and so on. Because there are so many digital learning media that can be used, an educator must reconsider the learning plan that he wants to implement. In contrast to the direct or face-to-face learning process, online learning requires new methods to facilitate guiding and evaluating students. In other words, an educator must improvise and be creative in preparing lesson plans using one of the effective and efficient learning methods. But how does an educator choose one of the many learning methods? Therefore, educators must prepare learning methods that are comfortable to use so that learning activities can take place optimally by the applicable curriculum. With the existence of information technology, all the desired information can be obtained easily by students with the help of the internet such as through Google Scholar, open knowledge maps, and other websites that provide various sources of educational information. Even libraries now provide services digitally to search for collections of information objects such as documents, images, databases quickly and accurately. This is very helpful for the online learning process for educators because it can easily provide learning resources, as well as for students to deepen their understanding by reading from various sources of information available on the internet. In other words, information technology supports the discovery learning model during online learning. This learning method is often used in various schools because this method provides opportunities for students to move forward according to their abilities. As in finding information relevant to learning materials, students must investigate and verify if the information obtained is accurate. This can also help improve and strengthen the personality of students by increasing their confidence through the information search process. The more experienced students are in finding and processing information, it will increase a healthy attitude of skepticism to seek absolute truthIf we compare it with other countries in terms of education, Indonesia has a low rank in the aspect of its education system. This is due to various things, one of which is the lack of literacy or interest in reading to students so that students' knowledge can be said to below. Reading is one of the activities that can increase insight and ability in critical thinking. The more we read, the more we will know things we didn't know before. In other words, a person who has a lot of insight will unconsciously be useful for him in doing various things that he has not mastered at first. Reading can also improve students' ability to identify and verify the information to find accurate and facts. Frequent reading can increase the vocabulary that can be applied in everyday life so that someone who reads often can convey a message in a good language style. That is why reading activities are very important to implement. Schools can increase students' reading interest by implementing literacy programs that can train students' reading skills. These activities are carried out by visiting the school library, summarizing a book, and of course reading books. Unfortunately, reading activities are still not available in every school. This is the main factor why students' interest in reading is lacking because educational facilities are limited. Another factor is because this has not been used to it from an early age, parents should guide their children to get used to reading books. Learning outcomes can be defined as the maximum results achieved by students during the learning process. Learning outcomes are not only in the form of values, but can also be in the form of changes, discipline attitudes, reasoning, and student skills. Learning outcomes are influenced by two factors, namely internal and external. Internal factors come from within students in the form of physical (health and disability) and psychological. Psychological factors include interests, talents, intelligence, motives, and the attention of students. When viewed from the psychological aspect, as we know each student has different characteristics, in other words, they have different interests in learning and levels of understanding. Therefore, efforts that can be made by educators to improve student learning outcomes are to understand the uniqueness of each student and to provide encouragement in the form of motivation to increase their enthusiasm for learning. Then external factors include the influence of the environment, be it the school, family, and community environment. Learning facilities are also an important aspect that can affect learning outcomes. Therefore, educators must choose learning facilities that are suitable for their students. There are several facilities available for online learning such as virtual conference applications (Zoom, Google Meet, Webex, etc.) or LMS (Learning Management System) provided by the school. After the facilities have been considered properly, the next step for an educator is how to use these facilities in the learning process? That is by knowing the features available in the application used, in other words an educator must master and adapt to technological developments in order to utilize the technology used optimally. Likewise with students who also have to take advantage of technological developments for various educational purposes such as finding lesson information, conducting virtual communication, and so on.