Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
An efficient load balancing scheduling strategy for cloud computing based on hybrid approach

Cloud computing is a promising paradigm that is widely used in both academia and industry. Dynamic demand for resources by users is one of the prime goals of scheduling process of task in cloud computing. Task scheduling is NP-hard problem which is responsible for allocating the task to VMs and maximising their utilisation while minimising the total task execution time. In this paper, the authors propose a load balancing scheduling strategy, hybridisation of RALB method using the PSO technique inspired by the honeybee behaviour proposed named as (PSO-RALB). This strategy optimises the results and perform scheduling based on resource aware load balancing scheme. The foraging behaviour of the honey bee optimisation algorithm is utilised to balance load across VM and resource aware is used to manage the resources. The computational results show that proposed scheme minimise the makespan time, total processing time, total processing cost and the degree of imbalance factor when compared with existing techniques PSO standard and PSO-based load balancing (PSO-LB) algorithm.
ASR for Non-standardised Languages with Dialectal Variation: the case of Swiss German

Strong regional variation, together with the lack of standard orthography, makes Swiss German automatic speech recognition (ASR) particularly difficult in a multi-dialectal setting. This paper focuses on one of the many challenges, namely, the choice of the output text to represent non-standardised Swiss German. We investigate two potential options: a) dialectal writing – approximate phonemic transcriptions that provide close correspondence between grapheme labels and the acoustic signal but are highly inconsistent and b) normalised writing – transcriptions resembling standard German that are relatively consistent but distant from the acoustic signal. To find out which writing facilitates Swiss German ASR, we build several systems using the Kaldi toolkit and a dataset covering 14 regional varieties. A formal comparison shows that the system trained on the normalised transcriptions achieves better results in word error rate (WER) (29.39%) but underperforms at the character level, suggesting dialectal transcriptions offer a viable solution for downstream applications where dialectal differences are important. To better assess word-level performance for dialectal transcriptions, we use a flexible WER measure (FlexWER). When evaluated with this metric, the system trained on dialectal transcriptions outperforms that trained on the normalised writing. Besides establishing a benchmark for Swiss German multi-dialectal ASR, our findings can be helpful in designing ASR systems for other languages without standard orthography.
Pembobotan TF-IDF pada Judul Penelitian Dosen Sebagai Dasar Klasifikasi Menggunakan Algoritma K-NN (Studi Kasus: Universitas Siliwangi)

The rapid and inexpensive development of digital storage media technology has led to an increase in the number of electronic documents stored on storage systems such as those in universities. Various academic scientific works, such as articles , research reports, etc., are available in digitally . In addition to teaching activities, lecturers are also required to research to deepen their knowledge. With so much research, of course, the resulting research will be very diverse, which is why it is deemed necessary to have groupings related to the title or topic of the research carried out so that it can support the management of Siliwangi University in achieving its goals. Using TF-IDF weighting in text mining on a research title data set, it is known that the optimal number of k in this study is k = 4 with an accuracy rate of 90.7% and the resulting number of each group is 115 scientific titles, 142 social titles, and 98 educational titles for a total of 355 research titles.
A DEFENSIVE APPROACH AGAINST MATHEMATICAL CRYPTANALYSIS USING SYMMETRIC KEY AND FUZZY BASED SESSION KEY

At present market, with the help of science, the information technology has developed rapidly as well as the information security as an important part of information technology is also strongly affecting people’s work and life. When the development of science and technology brings convenience to characters, it also exposes many security issues. In recent years, information security incidents such as information leakage, SQL injection vulnerabilities, network penetration, and hacking attacks have triggered irreparable losses to enterprises, society, and individuals. In our paper, a symmetric key encryption with fuzzy based session key has been proposed for satisfying the key issues like security; increase the strength of symmetric key. Here the session key is generated using fuzzy logic. Now the encryption is done by using this session key and symmetric key. Here a new authentication scheme is developed to generate cipher text. Different types of experiments to test the robustness of keys and encryption technique and comparative study with existing standard techniques have been done with satisfactory results. This paper has taken steps to develop an attack capability for use within a cyber challenge environment. The principles discussed within this paper aim to be applicable to all challenges against mathematical cryptanalysis and cryptographic protocol in general and also it is used to cover threat modeling, construction of cyber security test beds and take footsteps against offensive cyber operations.
Ontology of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge

The rapid development of information technologies and the avalanche growing of scientific information volumes necessitated the transition to a semantically significant representation of scientific knowledge extracted from information in the digital environment, and their organization in the form of a Common digital space of scientific knowledge (CDSSK). Each field of science has its own specifics, and it's scientific knowledge can form its own subspace. In modern conditions, it is necessary to develop universal approaches to the storage and presentation of scientific knowledge, thereby ensuring the integration of individual subspaces into a single whole. The first step towards the implementation of these approaches should be the development of the CDSSK ontology as a multi-level system of concepts describing the resources and objects of subject areas, terms and relationships between them, characterized by an open hierarchical and dynamic structuring, oriented both to store existing knowledge and to extract new ones.
Further Research of Chinese Image Schema Theory Based on Knowledge Graph Visualization

In order to explore a visualization-based method to study the research status, trends and hot spots in a certain discipline, this paper takes the research literature of image schema theory in China as an example, takes 1724 relevant research literatures collected in CNKI database from 2010 to 2020 as research samples, adopts the perspective of knowledge graph visualization, uses the visualization software based on word frequency weight, reverse text frequency weight and Consine algorithm to draw the key words clustering graph, keyword frequency, intermediary centrality permutation table and keyword emergence graph on the research literature of Chinese image schema as well as clarifies the knowledge context, structure, dynamic change process and research trend of this research field.
Convolutional Neural Networks

With feedforward neural networks, we achieved good training performance with MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets. But images in these datasets are simple and centered within the input space that contains them. That is, they are centered within the pixel matrix that holds them. Input space is all the possible inputs to a model.
An Optimised Robust Model for Big Data Security on the Cloud Environment: The Numerous User-Level Data Compaction

The digitisation and the technological enhancements have taken a big leap forward in the twenty first century; the world today has become data-driven because of automation in industrial processes and heavy dependency on the data before committing to any crucial decision after performing big data analytics; therefore, the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data are pretty much vital. Hence, one can surmise that the data is a kind of asset for an organisation nowadays. Therefore, there exists a high demand for a data security model which caters all the data needs of the people in a secured manner. The paper will be emphasising on the data security model, which works on the client side to provide robust data security on the public cloud. Furthermore, the paper highlights the robust and most secure way of multiple layers of data security. The security aspects of the data and time required to provide security discussed.
Low Delay Robust Audio Coding by Noise Shaping, Fractional Sampling, and Source Prediction

It was recently shown that the combination of source prediction, two-times oversampling, and noise shaping, can be used to obtain a robust (multiple-description) audio coding framework for networks with packet loss probabilities less than 10%. Specifically, it was shown that audio signals could be encoded into two descriptions (packets), which were separately sent over a communication channel. Each description yields a desired performance by itself, and when they are combined, the performance is improved. This paper extends the previous work to an arbitrary number of descriptions (packets) by using fractional oversampling and a new decoding principle. We demonstrate that, due to source aliasing, existing MSE optimized reconstruction rules from noisy sampled data, performs poorly from a perceptual point of view. A simple reconstruction rule is proposed, that improves the PEAQ objective difference grades (ODG) by more than 2 points. The proposed audio coder enables low-delay high-quality audio streaming on networks with late packet arrivals or packet losses. With a coding delay of 2.5 ms, and a total bitrate of 300 kbps, it is demonstrated that mean PEAQ ODGs around -0.65 can be obtained for 48 kHz (mono) music (pop & rock), and packet loss probabilities of 20%.
BJTU’s Submission to CCMT 2020 Quality Estimation Task

This paper presents the systems developed by Beijing Jiaotong University for the CCMT 2020 quality estimation task. In this paper, we propose an effective method to utilize pretrained language models to improve the performance of QE. Our model combines three popular pretrained models, which are Bert, XLM and XLM-R, to create a very strong baseline for both sentence-level and word-level QE. We tried different strategies, including further pretraining for bilingual input, multi-task learning for multi-granularities and weighted loss for unbalanced word labels. To generate more accurate prediction, we performed model ensemble for both granularities. Experiment results show high accuracy on both directions, and outperform the winning system of last year on sentence level, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Controlling Synthetic Characters in Simulations: A Case for Cognitive Architectures and Sigma.

Simulations, along with other similar applications like virtual worlds and video games, require computational models of intelligence that generate realistic and credible behavior for the participating synthetic characters. Cognitive architectures, which are models of the fixed structure underlying intelligent behavior in both natural and artificial systems, provide a conceptually valid common basis, as evidenced by the current efforts towards a standard model of the mind, to generate human-like intelligent behavior for these synthetic characters. Sigma is a cognitive architecture and system that strives to combine what has been learned from four decades of independent work on symbolic cognitive architectures, probabilistic graphical models, and more recently neural models, under its graphical architecture hypothesis. Sigma leverages an extended form of factor graphs towards a uniform grand unification of not only traditional cognitive capabilities but also key non-cognitive aspects, creating unique opportunities for the construction of new kinds of cognitive models that possess a Theory-of-Mind and that are perceptual, autonomous, interactive, affective, and adaptive. In this paper, we will introduce Sigma along with its diverse capabilities and then use three distinct proof-of-concept Sigma models to highlight combinations of these capabilities: (1) Distributional reinforcement learning models in; (2) A pair of adaptive and interactive agent models that demonstrate rule-based, probabilistic, and social reasoning; and (3) A knowledge-free exploration model in which an agent leverages only architectural appraisal variables, namely attention and curiosity, to locate an item while building up a map in a Unity environment.
Image Saliency Detection Based on Object Compactness and Regional Homogeneity Strategy

Considering the inaccurate description of feature differences between nodes in the graph-based saliency detection algorithm, an image saliency detection algorithm combining object compactness and regional homogeneity strategy is proposed. Different from the commonly used graph-based model, a sparse graph-based structure closer to the human visual system and a novel regional homogeneity graph-based structure are established. They are used to describe the correlation within the foreground and the difference between foreground and background. Therefore, many redundant connections of nodes are eliminated and the local spatial relationship of nodes is strengthened. Then the clusters are combined to form a saliency map by means of manifold ranking. Finally, the background confidence is introduced for saliency optimization by the similarity of the background region clusters and the final detection result is obtained. Compared with 4 popular graph-based algorithms on the four benchmark datasets, the proposed algorithm can highlight the salient regions clearly and has better performance in the evaluation of multiple comprehensive indicators.
Effectiveness of Blockchain Advancement in Patient Statistical Monitoring Network

Blockchain has shown resistant to manipulation and to be robust. This attracts growing enterprises consideration transitioning to distributed from central systems. The system provides patients with comprehensive, unchanging tracking through hospitals and treatment sites and easy access to their medical information. Taking advantage of special blockchain technologies, MedRec handles security, confidentiality, transparency, and data exchange critical thoughts when managing sensitive data. This paper proposes a management identification and control program system that uses blockchain which helps to approach entity authentication and authorization in a digitalized system. By using this technology, the patient's record and their history of updation are stored as proof for future use. Ethereum is the framework used to implement blockchain in hospital management which is explained briefly in the proposed system.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPEED OF THE DEFUZZIFIER IN THE TASK OF CONTROLLING THE ROBOT-MANIPULATOR

Linear, nonlinear, modified, high-speed defuzzifiers based on the area ratio method are presented in this paper. The proposed defuzzifiers are used in a fuzzy digital filter device and make it possible to ensure the additivity of the robotic manipulator control system, since traditional models do not have this property. The essence of this development is to find a crisp value of the output fuzzy variable, which in this case are the regulation coefficients of the fuzzy digital filter. Reducing the number of computational operations provides an increase in the performance of the defuzzifier. The reduction in number of computational operations is carried out by eliminating the output variable’s truncated term’s height calculation, thereby reducing the computation time. A simulation model which was implemented in the MatLab Simulink system, for a neuro-fuzzy device of the robotic arm using linear and non-linear defuzzifiers is presented. The dependence of time graphs on the angle of rotation of the joints of the robotic manipulator are compared, based on the traditional center of gravity method and the method shown in this paper. It was found that the traditional center of gravity method does not ensure the fulfillment of the specified rotation angles of the links of the robotic arm, while the proposed models of defuzzifiers have this property, which can be seen from the presented dependency graphs. The simulation model of the device was also designed as a parallel-conveyor device for implementation in the field-programmable gate array of the Xilinx Spartan 3Е family. The analysis showed that the calculation time for a crisp value with high-speed defuzzification is 130 ns, which is two orders of magnitude higher than existing models. The experiment was conducted at a frequency of 100 MHz.
Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación y su influencia en la lectoescritura

El presente trabajo se desarrollo con la finalidad de determinar los niveles de aceptacion de casos practicos, en la implementacion de las Tecnologias de la Informacion y Comunicacion (TIC) en el proceso de ensenanza de lectoescritura, en los cuales a nivel del mundo los actores principales fueron estudiantes, docentes y padres de familia. Se realizo a traves de una investigacion bibliografica, donde se remite al analisis de casos aplicados en distintos paises, plasmados en libros, tesis, documentos web y articulos academicos inherentes a la tematica. Los resultados demuestran que tanto los estudiantes cuanto los padres de familia y docentes, consideran que es de importancia el uso de las TIC en el desarrollo de la lectoescritura, es decir, este proceso tiene un alto nivel de aceptacion en el proceso de aprendizaje a nivel mundial. Por lo investigado se establece una propuesta de implementacion de las TIC para el desarrollo de lectoescritura en la Unidad Educativa Jose Rafael Bustamante, ubicada en la ciudad de Quito, Parroquia Puembo, para crear un Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje (EVA) que motiven a los estudiantes hacia la lectoescritura y sobre todo al desarrollo de la imaginacion, plasmando en textos enriquecidos con el uso de herramientas tecnologicas.Palabras clave: TIC, lectoescritura, educacion, herramientas tecnologicas, aprendizaje, influencia. ABSTRACTThe present work was developed with the purpose of determining the levels of acceptance of practical cases, in the implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the process of teaching literacy, in which at world level the main actors were students, teachers and parents. It was carried out through bibliographic research, which refers to the analysis of cases applied in different countries, embodied in books, theses, web documents and academic articles related to the subject. The results show that both students and parents and teachers consider the use of ICTs to be important in the development of literacy, that is, this process has a high level of acceptance in the learning process worldwide. This research establishes a proposal for the implementation of ICTs for literacy development in the Jose Rafael Bustamante Educational Unit, located in the city of Quito, Puembo Parish, to create a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) that motivates students towards literacy and, above all, the development of the imagination, through texts enriched with the use of technological tools.Keywords: TIC, literacy, education, technological tools, learning, influence.
Blockchain and geographical indications: a natural fit?

... Blockchain is a lightning rod—attracting both starry-eyed entrepreneurs and industry behemoths. Discovering the technology’s transformative potential beyond cryptocurrency has become routine: its proponents claim that blockchain could ‘revolutionize’ a myriad of industries.1 One of the most established blockchain applications is in food supply chains. Blockchain’s ability to more efficiently and effectively trace goods, its near immutability, and its capacity to increase coordination amongst disparate parties are all touted as bringing greater transparency and assurance of a product’s origin and quality. Supply chains involve frequent transactions as products flow to market, so a complete and accurate record of those transactions is important.2 Trust in the food industry is severely lacking; for both consumers and companies, the provenance, quality and safety of food are of enormous significance.3 Blockchain is seen as especially advantageous in quickly tracking goods that need to be recalled to ensure food safety4; several successful pilots have been implemented, including those by Walmart on IBM’s Food Trust blockchain platform5 and Auchan on TE-Food’s FoodChain blockchain platform.6 Blockchain’s features have allowed food supply chains to increase confidence in the provenance, authenticity and quality of their goods.7
Engineering Consent: Using Technology to Create Informed Consumers

The title of this chapter contains a deliberate dissonance. The verb “engineer” implies a degree of artificiality, a skillful arrangement for “something” to occur or even a deliberate manipulation. The noun “consent” is associated with decision-making, voluntariness, autonomy and agreement. Combined, the two terms denote a situation where consent becomes contrived and fictitious. Unfortunately, such engineered consent seems to be the norm, especially online. The point made is this chapter is simple: theoretically, the same technologies that are used to engineer consent, can also be used to facilitate actual, informed consent. In practice, however, we must acknowledge that, technology aside, the ultimate constraint are the consumers themselves - their limited attention spans, cognitive vulnerabilities, haste and desire for convenience. We must also acknowledge that the principles of contract law are permissive in the sense that they do not require consent to be informed or the terms of the transaction to be actually communicated. Any efforts to create informed consent depend on the goodwill of the business that designs the online transacting interface. Lastly, we must assume that improving the design of the contents of a contract - be it in terms of layout or in terms of a better organisation of information - to better convey its substance must be preceded by informing the consumer that a transaction is taking place and that such transaction is governed by contractual terms that should be reviewed and consented to. The challenges of designing the contracting interface precede those that relate to the design of the contract. The former concern the process of contract formation, the latter - the contractual contents. This chapter addresses the contracting process as the main challenge lies in encouraging consumers to engage with the information (i.e. read the contractual terms). The manner of presenting terms only becomes important once the consumer has decided to look at the contract.