Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Washington units, semispecial units, and annihilation of class groups

Abstract Special units are a sort of predecessor of Euler systems, and they are mainly used to obtain annihilators for class groups. So one is interested in finding as many special units as possible (actually we use a technical generalization called “semispecial”). In this paper we show that in any abelian field having a real genus field in the narrow sense all Washington units are semispecial, and that a slightly weaker statement holds true for all abelian fields. The group of Washington units is very often larger than Sinnott’s group of cyclotomic units. In a companion paper we will show that in concrete families of abelian fields the group of Washington units is much larger than that of Sinnott units, by giving lower bounds on the index. Combining this with the present paper gives strong annihilation results.
Optimization and Implementation of AES-128 Algorithm on FPGA Board

Cryptography is the study of technique related to the aspect of data security. In this paper, we have proposed high-speed AES hardware architecture by using parallelism in the process. In addition, all 10 stages of the process are divided into pipeline stages. The generic AES has serial processing with pipelining, it runs the key module first to generate round key and save it in RAM, afterward it processes encryption or decryption block. In the modified method, we run key expansion and encryption or decryption block parallel in synchronization with clock. The module uses a register to store the current key and the register modify by process in each round. The overall module consists of key expansion, encryption, decryption and comparator blocks. This architecture has a clock generating circuit to provide a limited number of clock cycles to generic architecture to improve latching problems and provide synchronization. In this module, encryption output is given to decryption input and the decrypted output is compared with plain text (encryption input) to verify the overall process. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) cases are predefined inside the module will be selected by test case bits, according to test case bit selection, the key and input will be selected and module generates corresponding output. A 128 bit AES algorithm synthesized using VHDL code and targeted into FPGA. Xilinx-ISE Design Suite version 14.7 is used for Synthesis and Simulation of the code. The design has been successfully tested on VIRTEX-6 and ARTIX-7 FPGA.
PROBLEMS OF THE INTERINFLuENCE OF CuLTuRE AND Personality: Cross-Disciplinary CONNECTIONS

The article is devoted to the problem of the interinfluence of culture and personality. Culture is a life forming aspect for personality. The author covers three hypostases personality obtained due to the interaction with culture described: personality as the object of culture, as a culture-bearer, and as the subject of culture. Personality also has a significant impact on culture: under the influence of personality, culture is transformed, acquiring new forms in the course of culture-creating activity of a person. Person, being a part of certain cultural and historical process, incorporates the basics of morality, traditions, and experience of generations, which become the basis for the formation of personality. Personality is not a static subject, it has the ability to choose, to develop consciously, turning to certain cultural values. In the conditions of the modern world, personality actively uses the ability to adapt, which is gained thanks to inseparable connection with culture. Besides traditions, culture gives personality spirituality, which forms the desire for self-development, for searching and finding of sense, for realizing of the essence of moral values. All this determines the need of personality for self-realization. It is directly related to the creative activity. In self-expression, personality reflects the state of cultural environment to which it belongs, and the society in which it exists. The article describes cultural process and cultural environment, where personality exists and covers the variety of cross-disciplinary approaches to its research such as sociological, philosophical, approach from the standpoint of historical sciences, psychological and cultural approaches.
Facial Expression Phoenix (FePh): An Annotated Sequenced Dataset for Facial and Emotion-Specified Expressions in Sign Language

Facial expressions are important parts of both gesture and sign language recognition systems. Despite the recent advances in both fields, annotated facial expression datasets in the context of sign language are still scarce resources. In this manuscript, we introduce an annotated sequenced facial expression dataset in the context of sign language, comprising over $3000$ facial images extracted from the daily news and weather forecast of the public tv-station PHOENIX. Unlike the majority of currently existing facial expression datasets, FePh provides sequenced semi-blurry facial images with different head poses, orientations, and movements. In addition, in the majority of images, identities are mouthing the words, which makes the data more challenging. To annotate this dataset we consider primary, secondary, and tertiary dyads of seven basic emotions of "sad", "surprise", "fear", "angry", "neutral", "disgust", and "happy". We also considered the "None" class if the image's facial expression could not be described by any of the aforementioned emotions. Although we provide FePh as a facial expression dataset of signers in sign language, it has a wider application in gesture recognition and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) systems.
Secure I-Voting System with Modified Voting and Verification Protocol

Internet voting has been used in the countries like UK, Estonia, Switzerland, etc. In the i-voting protocol used in Estonia, the full security of the vote cast relies only on the PIN stored in the national ID card. In the i-voting protocol used in Estonia, the vote cast is encrypted by the public key of the vote storage server and digitally signed by using the PIN2 of the voter. The attacker can easily re-vote by using Re-voting Malware and can cast vote of any voter by using Self-voting Malware. To overcome the attack, we modified the voting protocol by including an OTP which should be sent to the voter’s phone number. The voter should enter the OTP to cast the vote so the attacker cannot bluff the voter. The vote modification malware changes the vote cast by the voter according to the preference of attacker, and the vote change should not be reflected in the vote verification application. To overcome the attack, the vote verification protocol is modified by digitally signed the vote by using the private key of the server. We analyse the major client-side attacks on the proposed i-voting system and found that it is more secure than the i-voting system used in Estonia.
Evaluating the Credibility of Arabic News in Social Media through the use of Advanced Classifier Algorithms

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the credibility of Arabic Social Media News based on classifier models and integration tools for automatic feature extraction such as image recognition and natural language processing for comments in order to provide an initiation of a large dataset.The proposed methodology involves building labeled data set consisting of Arabic news in twitter, gathering features from previous studies, extracting features, conducting a number of experiments to choose the classifier algorithm and features set to reach the highest accuracy and finally build and test the purposed system.Based on the selected classifier model, the system processes the tweet's URL and classifies it into credible or non-credible news.
Codes from unit groups of division algebras over number fields

Lenstra and Guruswami described number field analogues of the algebraic geometry codes of Goppa. Recently, the first author and Oggier generalised these constructions to other arithmetic groups: unit groups in number fields and orders in division algebras; they suggested to use unit groups in quaternion algebras but could not completely analyse the resulting codes. We prove that the noncommutative unit group construction yields asymptotically good families of codes for the sum-rank metric from division algebras of any degree, and we estimate the size of the alphabet in terms of the degree.
Application of Multilayer Perceptron for Digital Society Sentiment Analysis towards Indonesia Biggest E-commerce Platforms

Indonesia is one from many countries in the world which has the highest growth of e-commerce platforms.By the mean of dynamic website technology, through their social media accounts, digital societies often express their opinion on e-commerce platforms.Oftentimes, on a large scale, capital leading e-commerce companies try to evaluate sentiment polarity of their new promotion or sale strategy through such data.However, as a copious amount of opinions from e-commerce's various social media accounts, the manual labelling process might devour a large number of resources and prone to human errors.For tackling the aforementioned problem, previous researches show a promising result by encoding such problem into a machine learning classification task.Henceforth, in this research, we try to utilize multilayer perceptron (MLP), as one of machine learning classification algorithm, for tackling such problem and analyze the performance of it.In this research, we also present the effect of a comparatively new word embedding model, fastText and aTF-IDF as a well-known feature extraction method for MLP method.Our experiment shows that the developed MLP model able to achieves an accuracy score of 89.24% and F1-score of 89%.
Forensics in Private Cloud leveraging the techniques in Machine Learning

Computerized crime scene investigation is a class of scientific science fascinate with the utilization of multifaceted data created, recorded and broadcast by different advanced gadgets as origin of proof in examinations and legitimate procedures.Computerized crime scene investigation can be separated to a many classes, for example, PC forensics, communication/network forensics, portable device forensics, private/internal cloud forensics, digital forensics.In recent times, private cloud service computing is developed as a well known computing service model in diverse requirements of the users.However in all aspects, internal cloud computing frameworks need support for digital forensic examinations.The primary objective of computerized forensics is to demonstrate the evidence of specific information within the available digital source.This overall paper introduces a thorough study of different systems and proposals with respect to various classes in computerized crime scene investigation with an emphasis on private/internal cloud computing forensics.Classic Digital criminology classes, their systems, limitations in the systems and proposals were examined.At this point the methodological perspective and existing difficulties of cloud crime scene investigation were focused.Also, the comparison based on various parameters, outlined about disadvantages, differences and similarity of a many proposed internal cloud computing systems/structures and also to provide future research trends.
Automatic Subject-Based Contextualisation of Programming Assignment Lists.

As programming must be learned by doing, introductoryprogramming course learners need to solve many problems,e.g., on systems such as ’Online Judges’. However, as suchcourses are often compulsory for non-Computer Science (nonCS) undergraduates, this may cause difficulties to learnersthat do not have the typical intrinsic motivation for programming as CS students do. In this sense, contextualisedassignment lists, with programming problems related to thestudents’ major, could enhance engagement in the learningprocess. Thus, students would solve programming problemsrelated to their academic context, improving their comprehension of the applicability and importance of programming.Nonetheless, preparing these contextually personalised programming assignments for classes for different courses is really laborious and would increase considerably the instructors’/monitors’ workload. Thus, this work aims, for the firsttime, to the best of our knowledge, to automatically classify the programming assignments in Online Judges basedon students’ academic contexts by proposing a new contexttaxonomy, as well as a comprehensive pipeline evaluationmethodology of cutting edge competitive Natural LanguageProcessing (NLP). Our comprehensive methodology pipelineallows for comparing state of the art data augmentation,classifiers, beside NLP approaches. The context taxonomycreated contains 23 subject matters related to the non-CSmajors, representing thus a challenging multi-classificationproblem. We show how even on this problem, our comprehensive pipeline evaluation methodology allows us to achievean accuracy of 95.2%, which makes it possible to automatically create contextually personalised program assignmentsfor non-CS with a minimal error rate (4.8%).
Application analysis of Iwrite platform in English writing teaching in higher vocational education

Abstract This paper first analyzes the current obstacles of English writing and teaching under the traditional writing teaching model. Then based on constructivism and input-out theory, relying on Iwrite, we conducted a one-year experimental teaching. The experimental class adopts the online and offline hybrid writing teaching based on Iwrite, while only traditional offline teaching is adopted in control class. By comparing the results of pretest and post-test, students’ scores of the experimental class increased from 37.3 to 70.4, which is a big improvement in contrast to the rise from 35.3 to 56.5 in control class. Additionally, on the one hand, Iwrite platform can provide real-time feedback so that students can make modifications in time to practice writing many times. On the other hand, teachers can design targeted teaching based on statistics of mistakes in students’ writing from Iwrite. Therefore, the author proposes that it is essential to establish the mixed model of online and offline English writing teaching.
Relational Test Tables

A wide range of interesting program properties are relational, i.e., they described a relation between two program runs. Two prominent relational properties are the regression verification (proving conditional program equivalence), and non-interference (proving the absence of information flow). The verification of relational properties is hardly accessible to engineers due to the lack of appropriate specification languages for relational properties. In previous work, we introduced the concept of generalized test tables: a table-based specification language, which allows the tight temporal specification of functional (nonrelational) properties for reactive systems. We introduce relational test tables - an extension of generalized test tables for the specification of relational properties. Relational test tables support specification of k-safety properties (a super set of relational properties) between k ≥ 2 program runs. We show the applicability of relational test tables by specifying and verifying change scenarios and information flow of reactive systems. We provide an implementation of the verification pipeline for programs following the IEC 61131-3 coding standard under http://github.com/VerifAPS/verifaps-lib.
Online Speaker Diarization with Relation Network

In this paper, we propose an online speaker diarization system based on Relation Network, named RenoSD. Unlike conventional diariztion systems which consist of several independently-optimized modules, RenoSD implements voice-activity-detection (VAD), embedding extraction, and speaker identity association using a single deep neural network. The most striking feature of RenoSD is that it adopts a meta-learning strategy for speaker identity association. In particular, the relation network learns to learn a deep distance metric in a data-driven way and it can determine through a simple forward pass whether two given segments belong to the same speaker. As such, RenoSD can be performed in an online manner with low latency. Experimental results on AMI and CALLHOME datasets show that the proposed RenoSD system achieves consistent improvements over the state-of-the-art x-vector baseline. Compared with an existing online diarization system named UIS-RNN, RenoSD achieves a better performance using much fewer training data and at a lower time complexity.
Nigeria: Battling the odds: Science communication in an African state

Science and technology institutions, practices and policies abound in Nigeria but the phrase 'science communication' is not an entrenched one.At best, science communication practices can be described as fragmentary and incidental.A major issue is policy preferences, which do not elevate science communication to the same level as in Western societies.Closely related to this is education infrastructure and curriculum, which incorporates science communication as a subset of other disciplines.Nigeria's plurality of religions in a strongly contested democratic setting between the old North and South also poses constraints to the spread of scientific ideas, and quite often this has to be factored into campaign programs.The polio vaccine controversy in the North shows the strength of religious beliefs as an obstacle to the spread of scientific ideas.The reaction of the religious leaders in the south to the Ebola virus epidemic also shows that religion, as an obstacle, is independent of affiliation.Religion can however be double-edged in having both adverse and complementary effects.Also, prevalence rates for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and alarmingly high annual death statistics from malaria tend to support the argument that more needs be done to encourage the citizenry to embrace modern scientific practices as premises for behaviour.
MDS or NMDS self-dual codes from twisted generalized Reed-Solomon codes

Self-dual maximum distance separable codes (self-dual MDS codes) and self-dual near MDS codes are very important in coding theory and practice. Thus, it is interesting to construct self-dual MDS or self-dual near MDS codes. In this paper, we not only give check matrices of dual codes of twisted generalized Reed-Solomon codes (TGRS codes) but also present the efficient and necessary condition of self-dual TGRS codes. Moreover, we construct several classes of self-dual MDS or self-dual near MDS codes from TGRS codes.
Transparency and Granularity in the SP Theory of Intelligence and Its Realisation in the SP Computer Model

This chapter describes how the SP System, meaning the SP Theory of IntelligenceSP theory of intelligence, and its realisation as the SP Computer ModelSP computer model, may promote transparencyTransparency and granularityGranularity in AI, and some other areas of application. The chapter describes how transparencyTransparency in the workings and output of the SP Computer ModelSP computer model may be achieved via three routes: (1) the program provides a very full audit trail for such processes as recognition, reasoning, analysis of language, and so on. There is also an explicit audit trail for the unsupervised learning of new knowledge; (2) knowledge from the system is likely to be granular and easy for people to understand; and (3) there are seven principles for the organisation of knowledge which are central in the workings of the SP System and also very familiar to people (eg chunking-with-codes, part-whole hierarchies, and class-inclusion hierarchies), and that kind of familiarity in the way knowledge is structured by the system, is likely to be important in the interpretabilityInterpretability, explainabilityExplainability, and transparencyTransparency of that knowledge. Examples from the SP Computer ModelSP computer model are shown throughout the chapter.
Methodological basis for designing a digital simulator of pedagogical activities

Introduction. The article presents the foundations of the concept of a digital simulator of pedagogical activity. Its characteristics allow us to see the possibilities of modeling pedagogical activity from the point of view of implementing the principles of the activity approach. The purpose of this research is to create a concept and methodological toolkit as a plot composition for programming a simulator of pedagogical activities for teaching to solve geometric problems. The content of one of the storylines on the topic “Orthocenter of a triangle” is shown Materials and Methods. The modern system of higher education trains teachers for professional activities in the global information society. The development of information and digital technologies involves active use of distant education tools, which means educational technologies implemented using information and telecommunication networks with the indirect interaction of students and teachers. Due to these requirements, the paper considers the possibilities of simulation in the process of professional training of future school teachers. The following research methods were used: pedagogical experiment, observation and modeling, as well as analysis of existing simulators in the higher education system of the Russian Federation [9, 10, 11, 14] and foreign educational systems as well [20]. Results. There has been developed a concept and adaptation of the mathematical content of the simulator [16] to the level of specialized secondary education. To create such a simulator, a bank of pedagogical situations and options for their solution was created, the source of replenishment of which is the pedagogical practice of students at school. We see the prospect that the interaction of the simulator should be built in such a way as to meet the potential user needs and the requirements of the professional standard [19]. The concept of a simulator for teaching to solve geometric problems is based on the theoretical foundations of elementary geometry and methods (techniques) for solving problems of increased complexity in geometry (profile level, Unified State Exam, Olympiad problems), teaching methods for geometric problems, cognitive psychology. Discussion and Conclusions. The article presents a model for simulating the actions of a future mathematics teacher in the process of organizing the solution of a geometric problem from the point of view of didactics, psychology, methods and axioms of geometry. An experimental base has been prepared for a future pedagogical experiment on the introduction of a simulator into the educational process of training mathematics teachers.