Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
What's the Best Place for an AI Conference, Vancouver or _______: Why Completing Comparative Questions is Difficult

Although large neural language models (LMs) like BERT can be finetuned to yield state-of-the-art results on many NLP tasks, it is often unclear what these models actually learn. Here we study using such LMs to fill in entities in human-authored comparative questions, like ``Which country is older, India or _____?''---i.e., we study the ability of neural LMs to ask (not answer) reasonable questions. We show that accuracy in this fill-in-the-blank task is well-correlated with human judgements of whether a question is reasonable, and that these models can be trained to achieve nearly human-level performance in completing comparative questions in three different subdomains. However, analysis shows that what they learn fails to model any sort of broad notion of which entities are semantically comparable or similar---instead the trained models are very domain-specific, and performance is highly correlated with co-occurrences between specific entities observed in the training set. This is true both for models that are pretrained on general text corpora, as well as models trained on a large corpus of comparison questions. Our study thus reinforces recent results on the difficulty of making claims about a deep model's world knowledge or linguistic competence based on performance on specific benchmark problems. We make our evaluation datasets publicly available to foster future research on complex understanding and reasoning in such models at standards of human interaction.
Pedagogical Opportunities of Media Resources in a Digital Media Educational Environment

Today, in XXI century using digital media and media resources in learning and teaching process become a vital. Media become powerful tool in educational process and it gives opportunities gaining effectiveness of teaching and learning process. Majority surveys, which were held in different countries and regions, are showing high quality education results proving that digital media and media resources are effective means in educational process. This article reveals the pedagogical possibilities of media resources in the digital media educational environment.
ATPGNN: Reconstruction of Neighborhood in Graph Neural Networks With Attention-Based Topological Patterns

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been applied in many fields of semi-supervised node classification for non-Euclidean data. However, some GNNs cannot make good use of positive information brought by nodes which are far away from each central node for aggregation operations. These remote nodes with positive information can enhance the representation of the central node. Some GNNs also ignore rich structure information around each central node's surroundings or entire network. Besides, most of GNNs have a fixed architecture and cannot change their components to adapt to different tasks. In this article, we propose a semi-supervised learning platform ATPGNN with three variable components to overcome the above shortcomings. This novel model can fully adapt to different tasks by changing its components and support inductive learning. The key idea is that we first create a high-order topology graph, which is from similarity of node structure information. Specifically, we reconstruct the relationships between nodes in a potential space obtained by network embedding in graph. Second, we introduce graph representation learning methods to extract representation information of remote nodes on the high-order topology graph. Third, we use some network embedding methods to get graph structure information of each node. Finally, we combine the representation information of remote nodes, graph structure information and feature for each node by attention mechanism, and apply them to learning node representation in graph. Extensive experiments on real attributed networks demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model against traditional GNNs.
Innovative solutions in the fight against the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemi

The article aims to examine the role of innovative technologies used in the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education and health. The study has found that digital strategies using innovative technologies help students adapt to the pandemic's effects. This study highlights various innovative technologies that help health and education systems adapt to the implications of the COVID-19. The article discusses the technological changes in the world economy during the pandemic and its impact on modern society. In addition to the innovative technologies, this article examines the changes that have taken place in Kazakhstan's education system during the pandemic. The literature review covers topics related to COVID-19 and digital education found in SCOPUS, Springer, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keywords. Relevant materials of sites and blogs are also taken into account. The list of essential technologies widely used during the pandemic in Kazakhstan has been identified. We used qualitative (59 respondents) and quantitative (98 respondents) research methods. The study results show that at the end of the 2019-2020 semester, students were informed on blended learning and its meaning. The scientific novelty describes the experience of Kazakhstani universities during the quarantine. We believe that blended learning should be widely used in the future. Innovations in the educational process cover two areas – the first concerns the software used to create a virtual university that facilitates communication between students and faculty. The second direction is related to the content of studying, without which innovations would fail.
A Proposed Adaptive Bitrate Scheme Based on Bandwidth Prediction Algorithm for Smoothly Video Streaming

A robust video-bitrate adaptive scheme at client-aspect plays a significant role in keeping a good quality of video streaming technology experience. Video quality affects the amount of time the video has turned off playing due to the unfilled buffer state. Therefore to maintain a video streaming continuously with smooth bandwidth fluctuation, a video buffer structure based on adapting the video bitrate is considered in this work. Initially, the video buffer structure is formulated as an optimal control-theoretic problem that combines both video bitrate and video buffer feedback signals. While protecting the video buffer occupancy from exceeding the limited operating level can provide continuous video streaming, it may also cause a video bitrate oscillation. So the video buffer structure is adjusted by adding two thresholds as operating points for overflow and underflow states to filter the impact of throughput fluctuation on video buffer occupancy level. Then a bandwidth prediction algorithm is proposed for enhancing the performance of video bitrate adaptation. This algorithm's work depends on the current video buffer level, video bitrate of the previous segment, and iterative throughput measurements to predict the best video bitrate for the next segment. Simulation results show that reserving a bandwidth margin is better in adapting the video bitrate under bandwidth variation and then reducing the risk of video playback freezing. Simulation results proved that the playback freezing happens two times: firstly, when there is no bandwidth margin used and secondly, when the bandwidth margin is high while smooth video bitrate is obtained with moderate value. The proposed scheme is compared with other two schemes such as smoothed throughput rate (STR) and Buffer Based Rate (BBR) in terms of prediction error, QoE preferences, buffer size, and startup delay time, then the proposed scheme outperforms these schemes in attaining smooth video bitrates and continuous video playback.
The Present English Education and English Literature: Poetry Class via Online Discussion during the COVID-19

This essay first raises a question about the difference between the Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation’s official plan-Subject Pedagogy (25~35%) and Subject Contents (75~65%), and the reality of Teacher Appointment Exam in the distribution ratio of Pedagogy and Contents in English subject. Not only questioning the difference, it also disputes the validity of giving a large portion of the test to the area of English Education to the extent of 47.5% (2016-17), among English Education, Linguistics, Literature, and General English. Second, commenting on the domain of English Literature which constitutes the lowest percentage in Teacher Appointment Exam, it contends that the present situation of English education leans too much to the education for profit or economic growth. It points out that excessive concentration on the education for profit in teaching English could result in the lowering of English proficiency, especially students’ reading ability and its accompanying thinking ability. Therefore, this essay pronounces on the necessity of invigorating English literature in EFL learning process since English literature as coupling English language and the humanities is crucial in the development of critical thinking and human compassion, as well as English proficiency. As a case study of English literature class for boosting students’ creativity and human compassion, it introduces English & American poetry class practiced with online discussion which was actualized due to the coronavirus pandemic. Lastly, this essay proposes the reform of English Teacher Appointment Exam such as making questions out of the selected must-read books so that teacher candidates could read English literature texts and collaborate in forming creative and interactive classroom environment with poems, novels, and dramas in the era of the fourth industrial revolution.
A Camera Intrinsic Matrix-Free Calibration Method for Laser Triangulation Sensor

Laser triangulation sensors (LTS) are widely used to acquire depth information in industrial applications. However, the parameters of the components, e.g., the camera, of the off-the-shelf LTS are typically unknown. This makes it difficult to recalibrate the degenerated LTS devices during regular maintenance operations. In this paper, a novel one-dimensional target-based camera intrinsic matrix-free LTS calibration method is proposed. In contrast to conventional methods that calibrate the LTS based on the precise camera intrinsic matrix, we formulate the LTS calibration as an optimization problem taking all parameters of the LTS into account, simultaneously. In this way, many pairs of the camera intrinsic matrix and the equation of the laser plane can be solved and different pairs of parameters are equivalent for displacement measurement. A closed-form solution of the position of the one-dimensional target is proposed to make the parameters of the LTS optimizable. The results of simulations and experiments show that the proposed method can calibrate the LTS without knowing the camera intrinsic matrix. In addition, the proposed approach significantly improves the displacement measurement precision of the LTS after calibration. In conclusion, the proposed method proved that the precise camera intrinsic matrix is not the necessary condition for LTS displacement measurement.
Effectiveness Of Seesaw As A Digital Learning Innovation To Improve Student Information Literacy

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of seesaw as a digital learning innovation to improve student information literacy. This type of research method used is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design and uses a one-group pretest-posttest with control group design. The sample used was 100 second semester students of Elementary School Teacher Education, Jakarta State University selected with technique a probability sample. The results of this study prove that the use of-based digital learning seesaw obtained significant values ​​so that it is effectively used in improving student information literacy. This digital learning design requires students to be selective in analyzing and evaluating information generated from different sources. This research can be used as input for education practitioners, especially lecturers in developing learning that adapts to the needs of the times and still requires students to have information literacy.
INTEGRATION OF ENGINEER AND PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING AMONG MENG STUDENTS BASED ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF KEY SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES OF THE 21ST CENTURY

Statement of the problem. In the process of systemic developments in engineering education, the role of a technical university teacher increases. Changes in the requirements imposed by international and Russian communities to the quality of engineering education in the context of digital transformation of the economy and higher education mainstream the problem of continuous professional development of an engineering university teacher. Currently, a teacher of professional education should acquire new methods and digital tools, develop new competencies among students, i.e. “skills of the 21st century” and digital literacy. Training engineering personnel pressure the need for a professional education teacher to learn new pedagogical technologies and digital tools directly in the context of their professional activities. The pedagogical, technological and organizational conditions of such integration have not yet been sufficiently studied in educational practice and pedagogical science. The purpose of the article is to present the author’s approaches to and developments of modeling programs and digital educational environment for pedagogical training of a Master’s degree student in engineering education in the context of modern pedagogical technologies aimed at developing skills of the 21st century. The research methodology and methods are based on a transprofessional approach to the system of professional education; on the analysis of international and Russian studies to identify the structure of basic skills of the 21st century, the means and methods of their formation in Master’s education. Research results. The interrelations are grounded and expanded of the 21st century skills and universal competencies acquired by a graduate of higher professional education at the level of a Master’s degree in Engineering. The basic principles of designing the digital educational environment as a condition for integrating pedagogical and engineering training are revealed. The authors’ programs have been developed for the system of specialized courses in Master’s engineering training aimed at learning the technologies of soft skills formation and ways of their implementation in traditional training sessions. An open information resource (an online course) “Pedagogical Soft-Skills Navigator” has been developed to guide teachers and undergraduates through the soft skills formation technologies. Conclusion. Implementation of the developed programs in the digital educational environment of an open online course makes it possible to acquire the technologies of soft skills formation in personalized learning models, aimed at the needs of professional teaching and the focus of a Master’s program. The developed materials can be used in professional development programs for teachers of professional higher education.
An efficient data security mechanism with data sharing and authentication

In this paper an efficient security mechanism has been adopted for the cloud computing environment. It also provides an extendibility of cloud computing environment with big data and Internet of Things. AES-256 and RC6 with two round key generation have been applied for data and application security. Three-way security mechanism has been adopted and implemented. It is user to user (U to U) for data sharing and inter cloud communication. Then user to cloud (U to C) for data security management for application level hierarchy of cloud. Finally, cloud to user (C to U) for the cloud data protection. The security analysis has been tested with different iterations and rounds and it is found to be satisfactory.
Digital Literacy Tools to Enhance English Reading and Writing Skills: A Detailed Literature Review

This study examines, explore and analyse the factors which enhance students’ English reading and writing skills through digital literacy tools. Literature was reviewed to gather and select important research papers for this study, and the research articles reviewed were of the qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method in approach. Areas such as digital literacy tools, communication (reading &amp; writing) skills, TPACK teaching model and socially shared cognition theory were given position. Digital literacy tools comprised of tablets, laptops, computers, digital interactive whiteboards, digital audiobooks, videos, smartphones and multimedia and so on. Vocabulary, phonic awareness, reading comprehension, reading fluency and reading with expression are of the factors of reading skills while grammar skills, spelling and vocabulary, writing simple and compound sentences, rearranging the jumbled words to correct sentences and writing paragraphs are the factors of writing skills. A conceptual framework (DLTCTC) was developed by the researcher while carefully exploring the literature.
DETEKSI DINI KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN MEMANFAATKAN EKSTRAKSI EXIF PADA INFORMASI GAMBAR BERBASIS PENGOLAHAN CITRA

Forest fire detection system is one of important tools in preventing and mitigating forest and land fires. In Indonesia, the detection of forest and land fires relies on hotspot information captured from satellites. However, the location obtained by the satellite has a horizontal error of 2 km from the ground check data. Therefore, these information are less relevant to the actual location. In this research, an android app is proposed to extract Exchangeable Image Format (EXIF) photo metadata. The metadata has image information such as latitude and longitude, to obtain the location of forest fires reported by the application user. In addition, this research implemented one of the image processing methods to classify fire and smoke in images of fires. Color filtering method is used based on the color space of Red Green Blue (RGB), Hue Saturation Value (HSV) and YCbCr. This classification process aims to ease the burden on the admin in confirming user reports. The results of the fire and smoke classification process are described using a confusion matrix. This matrix produces an accuracy rate of 75%, a precision of 80% and a recall of 80% for a fire classification and an accuracy of 70%, a precision of 92% and a recall of 87% for smoke classification. There are 25% and 30% of misclassified data of fire and smoke. This is because the color filtering method classifies each color pixel from the image, therefore many pixels that are not classified as fire or smoke images are classified because there are other objects that have a range of colors to classify fire and smoke
Suprasegmental Errors of Students with Javanese Mother Tongue: A Case at a Private Islamic University in Purworejo

This study was aimed to examine errors found in suprasegmentals, more specifically in word stress and intonation; and to explain the causes of errors made by the learners. The research samples were twenty of the first semester students who spoke Javanese as their mother tongue and who took Pronunciation subject. The instruments of the study were pronunciation test and focus group interview. The pronunciation test was used to get the data of suprasegmental errors, specifically in word stress and intonation. Meanwhile, the interview was used to get the data of the causes of errors. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics analysis and thematic analysis. The findings showed that there were 35.8 % errors in word stress and 40 % errors in intonation. Then, the source of errors occurred because of mother-tongue influence, target language or intralingua, learning strategy and learners' attitude. Other factors contributed to the errors were lack of practice and lack of exposure to the native speakers both in the classroom and outside the classroom&#x0D;
Penggunaan Google Classroom Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Matematika

The purpose of this study is determining the online mathematics learning implementation using Google classroom media for XII grades at SMK Tunas Harapan Pati, obstacles for using google classroom and amenity for using google classroom . This research uses qualitative research methods with descriptive design.The subject in this research is 5 students grade XII who are chosen with simple random sampling methods. The techniques used in collecting data are deep interview, and direct observation at the same time. Data analysis techniques use interactive data analys model. The conclusion of this research is the students can’t be optimally adapted in using google classroom for media of learning mathematics such as unstabile signal and there is electricity blackout too often .
The implementation of ICTs in the English language classroom in a Latin American university

This investigation was carried out in Mexico in the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH) with the purpose of exploring and analyzing to what extent the English teaching practices at the tertiary level involve the use of ICTs. Through and electronic survey, the opinions of 50 teachers of English at the UAEH were analyzed. The results showed that ICTs play an essential role in language teaching and they also have a significant field presence. However, despite their importance, ICTs are not being fully incorporated in the university and we are still not getting the most of it. The methodology for the initial phase of the project was a questionnaire. The qualitative part included a case study method that explore specific cases. For this stage, semi-structured interviews were carried out with key participants chosen from the information gathered in the questionnaires. The third source of data includes the analysis of the documents that make up the legal framework in reference to the implementation of ICTs in the teaching of a foreign language.
Scientific monograph – a difficult way to the reader

The article objective is to identify factors transforming the processes of publication, dissemination and preservation of scientific monographs, their importance in the system of scientific communications. A review of publications is ­devoted to the problem of publishing, disseminating and preserving a scientific monograph as a significant part of scientific literature. The authors highlighted the reasons of slowdown in the publication of scientific monographs and the impact of various factors on the process of preparing and disseminating scientific literature of economic, communicative, bibliometric, reading and publishing nature. The paper compares possibilities and limitations of the processes of searching, preserving and organizing the acquisition of library collections by electronic and paper versions of a scientific monograph presented in publications. Editing scientific monographs and their significance in the system of scientific communications in our country is undergoing a period of serious transformation: information on new titles is dispersed in many sources; lowering the development of scientific publications in general, both in circulation and in the number of titles is observed. At the same time, publishing technologies themselves do not stand still, new ways of publishing and disseminating scientific monographs appear, which affect the change in the technology of acquiring library collections.