Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Rethinking IoT Security: Understanding and Mitigating Out-of-Band Vulnerabilities

Vulnerabilities pose a significant challenge in ensuring cyberse-security for information systems. In the past, vulnerabilities were mainly associated with functional defects in system software and hardware, known as "in-band vulnerabilities," whereby "band" refers to the functional domain. However, with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), new security issues have emerged that traditional vulnerability categorization may not fully cover. IoT devices rely on sensors and actuators to interact with the real world, but this interaction process between physical and digital systems has created defects that are difficult to analyze and detect. These defects include unintentional coupling effects of sensors from ambient analog signals or abnormal channels that were not intentionally designed, collectively known as "out-of-band vulnerabilities." Various security incidents have highlighted the prevalence of out-of-band vulnerabilities in IoT systems, and their activation can result in serious consequences.
Model Stealing Attacks and Defenses: Where Are We Now?

The success of deep learning in many application domains has been nothing short of dramatic. This has brought the spotlight onto security and privacy concerns with machine learning (ML). One such concern is the threat of model theft. I will discuss work on exploring the threat of model theft, especially in the form of “model extraction attacks” — when a model is made available to customers via an inference interface, a malicious customer can use repeated queries to this interface and use the information gained to construct a surrogate model. I will also discuss possible countermeasures, focusing on deterrence mechanisms that allow for model ownership resolution (MOR) based on watermarking or fingerprinting. In particular, I will discuss the robustness of MOR schemes. I will touch on the issue of conflicts that arise when protection mechanisms for multiple different threats need to be applied simultaneously to a given ML model, using MOR techniques as a case study.
POSTER: A Teacher-Student with Human Feedback Model for Human-AI Collaboration in Cybersecurity

We have developed a novel ’Teacher-Student with human feedback’ model for Human-Artificial Intelligence (AI) collaborations in cybersecurity tasks. In our model, AI furnishes sufficient information about its decision-making process to enable human agents to provide feedback to improve the model. Our key innovations include: enhancing the interpretability of AI models by analyzing falsely detected samples using LIME and SHAP values; developing a novel posthoc explanation-based dynamic teacher-student model to address concept drift or concept shift; integrating human experts’ feedback on falsely detected samples to increase accuracy, precision, and recall values, without retraining the entire model; establishing a list of attack-based feature values for human experts to promote reproducibility. We show in experiments with real data and threat detection tasks that our model significantly improves the accuracy of existing AI algorithms for these tasks.
Democratizing election verification: new methods for addressing an ancient attacker model

Elections are a special security problem because it is not good enough for systems to be secure and results correct - they must also be verifiably so. Even leaving aside the psychological aspects (some people don’t believe evidence, or don’t understand mathematically-based evidence), many nations’ election systems fall far short of this goal. In this talk I’ll discuss a setting increasingly common in the US, Australia and elsewhere: citizens vote privately on paper, then the votes are digitized and counted electronically. Sounds simple, doesn’t it? But producing publicly verifiable evidence of a correct outcome requires carefully-designed processes. Also, running these processes meaningfully requires active involvement from the public. I’ll discuss the attacker model and process of verifiable election audits. I’ll then explain our groundbreaking techniques for auditing instant-runoff (IRV) elections and other complex social choice functions, and describe important open problems, particularly for the single transferable vote.
Exploratory Data Analysis in Python

Data science is extremely important because of the immense value of data. Python provides extensive library support for data science and analytics, which has functions, tools, and methods to manage and analyze data. Python Libraries are used for exploratory data analysis. Libraries in Python such as Numpy, Pandas, Matplotlib, SciPy, etc. are used for the same. Data visualization's major objective is to make it simpler to spot patterns, trends, and outliers in big data sets. One of the processes in the data science process is data visualization, which asserts that after data has been gathered, processed, and modelled, it must be represented to draw conclusions. As a result, it is crucial to have systems in place for managing and regulating the quality of corporate data, metadata, and data sources. So, this chapter focuses on the libraries used in Python, their properties, functions, how few data structures are related to them, and a detailed explanation about their purpose serving as a better foundation for learning them.
Developing a convolutional neural network for classifying tumor images using Inception v3

Deep learning algorithms rely on digital pathology to classify tissue tumors, where the whole tissue slides are digitized and imaged. The produced multi-resolution whole slide images (MWSIs) are with high resolution that may range from about 100,000 to 200,000 pixels. MWSIs are often stored in a multi-resolution configuration to simplify the processing of images, navigation, and efficient exposition. This work develops a network for classifying MWSIs that require high memory employing a deep neural Inception-v3 architecture. This work employs the MWSIs from Camelyon16, which is around 451 GB in size of Challenge dataset from two independent sources including 400 MWSIs as a total of lymph nodes. The training dataset contains 111 MWSIs of tumor tissue and lymph nodes and 159 WSIs of normal lymph nodes. The developed model uses sample-based processing to train extensive MWSIs employing the MATLAB platform. The model introduces transfer learning techniques with an Inception-v3-based architecture to categorize separate samples as a tumor or normal. Therefore, the main aim here is to achieve two-classes binary segmentation containing normal and tumor. This includes creating a new fully connected layer for the Inception-v3 architecture with two classes and compensating new layers instead of the original final fully-connected layers. The results obtained demonstrated that the heatmap visualization can recognize the boundary coordinates of ground truth as sketchy Region Of Interest (ROI), where the green boundary represents the normal regions and the tumor area with red boundaries. The proposed Inception v3 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture can achieve more than 92.8 % accuracy for such MWSIs dataset to categorize brain tumors into normal and tumor tissue
Failure rate analysis for Guidance and Control Unit circuit card assembly

기능안전은 주로 자동차, 철도, 의료기기 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있는 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 신뢰성 평가 개념이다. 기능안전의 주요 목적에는 시스템이 능동적으로 특정 기능의 동작을 보장하도록 설계하는 것이 포함된다. 국제 표준 IEC 61508, ISO 26262에서는 체계화된 기능안전 평가 규격을 제시하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 기능안전 고장 분석 기법을 무기 부체계 설계 단계에 활용하기 위한 기초 사례 연구로서 유도조종장치(Guidance and Control Unit)의 일부 회로 카드 조립체를 대상으로 고장률(FIT, Failure In Time)을 산출하였다. 고장률 산출 근거로는 SN-29500을 활용하였다. 본 논문에서 산출한 고장률은 향후 FMEA(Failure Modes, Effect Analysis), FMEDA(Failure Modes, Effects and Diagnostic Analysis)와 같은 보다 정밀한 기능안전 평가 고장 분석 기법의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구의 최종 목표는 체계화된 기존 기능안전 평가 기법을 무기체계 부체계 개발 단계에 적용하는 것이다. 향후 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 모두를 대상으로 적용할 경우 현재 방산 부문에서 널리 수행되고 있는 RAM(Reliability, Availability, Maintainability) 분석을 보완하여, 부체계 개발 단계에서의 설계 개선 및 체계 신뢰도 향상에 실질적으로 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Functional safety is a hardware and software reliability evaluation concept that is used widely in automobiles, railways, and medical devices. The primary purpose of functional safety involves designing a system to ensure the operation of specific functions. IEC 61508 and ISO 26262 present systematic functional safety evaluation standards. In this paper, the failure rate was calculated for circuit card assemblies of the guidance control unit as a basic study to utilize the existing functional safety failure analysis technique in the design stage of the weapon subsystem. SN-29500 was used to calculate the failure rate. The failure rates can be used as basic data for more precise techniques for functional safety evaluations and failure analysis, such as FMEA (Failure Modes and Effect Analysis) and FMEDA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis). The ultimate goal of this study was to apply the existing systemized functional safety evaluation techniques to the weapon subsystem development stage. In the future, when applied to both hardware and software, it is expected to supplement RAM (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability) analysis, which is performed widely in the defense industry, and contribute to design and system reliability improvement at the subsystem development stage.
Comparative Study of IPA Techniques in Biased Cases: Developing Improvement Plans for Electronic Supervision Investigation(ESI) Team

To ensure efficient implementation of the system, appropriate improvement measures and policies must be established. This requires an investigation into the practical difficulties and problems, followed by careful selection of the items to be improved. In this study, we propose using important-performance analysis (IPA) as a method to identify requirements by the subject. IPA is a visual method used to evaluate the need for improvement of each item by analyzing the degree of performance and the degree of importance for various items constituting a system or policy. BR In Korea, most studies conducted have used only IPA using the data-centered quadrant model (DCQM). However, this model may not be suitable for a biased case where the degree of performance is generally below average and the importance is above average. In such situations, the analysis results using DCQM may not be applicable for actual system improvement. Therefore, in this study, we performed the Important-Performance Gap analysis (IPGA) and DCQM to diagnose the improvements that need to be made for effective team operation targeting the Electronic Supervision Investigation Team of the special judicial police system newly established in October 2021. As a result, IPGA is appropriate in the biased case.
Take Advantage of Earthquake Early Warning Systems

Journal AWWAVolume 115, Issue 6 p. 74-76 Security & Preparedness Take Advantage of Earthquake Early Warning Systems Dan Ervin, Corresponding Author Dan Ervin [email protected] Search for more papers by this authorMichael Gruenbaum, Michael GruenbaumSearch for more papers by this authorMel Damewood, Mel DamewoodSearch for more papers by this authorAndrew Ohrt, Andrew OhrtSearch for more papers by this author Dan Ervin, Corresponding Author Dan Ervin [email protected] Search for more papers by this authorMichael Gruenbaum, Michael GruenbaumSearch for more papers by this authorMel Damewood, Mel DamewoodSearch for more papers by this authorAndrew Ohrt, Andrew OhrtSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 July 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.2128Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume115, Issue6July/August 2023Pages 74-76 RelatedInformation
Search of Experience of College Students Participation in Culture and Arts Education for Character Education

The study attempted to examine the activity experiences of university students who participated in the culture and art education program and to contemplate the meaning of culture and art education with personality cultivation activities of university students. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First of all, the experiences of ‘formation of the positive self-concept’ and ‘promotion of the emotional ability’ appeared in ‘promotion of the social and emotional strategies’. Second, the experiences of ‘improvement of attachment in school’, ‘improvement of trust in professors’, and ‘promotion of academic goals and educational expectations’ appeared in ‘promotion of academic life’. Third, the experiences of ‘promotion of pro-social behaviors and attitudes’ and ‘improvement of communication skills’ appeared in ‘promotion of pro-social ability’. It is expected that the above results of this study will lead to relevant case studies or studies on program development and become the basic data for specifically exploring where culture and art education can move forward in terms of character education.
Exploring Problems and Alternatives appeared in the Process of Implementing the Seoul Learn Initiative

본 연구는 교육격차 해소와 사교육비 경감을 위해 지방자치단체인 서울특별시가 추진한 서울런 사업을 시행하는 과정에서, 제도의 취지가 제대로 실행되고 있는지 정책참여자와 인터뷰를 통해 밝히고자 하였다. 그리고 이 과정에서 발생하고 있는 문제점을 발견하고 개선방안을 제언으로 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 서울런 정책은 교육격차 해소 측면에서 동기부여된 학생들에게 효과적이었지만, 그렇지 않은 학생들은 타 학생들과 비교하며 서울런 교육 콘텐츠의 효용성을 체감하지 않았다. 또한, 동기부여된 학습자들은 서울시가 강조하는 멘토링보다 전문적인 입시, 진로, 진학 콘텐츠를 원했다. 사교육비 경감 측면에서는 경감 효과와 함께 서울런 콘텐츠를 가족과의 대화에 활용하는 사례도 나타났으나, 콘텐츠 제한으로 인해 가난을 스스로 증명해야 한다는 박탈감도 동시에 드러났다. 이외에도 사교육비 경감은 좋지만, 지역 교육복지센터 사업 등 중복성에 따른 재정 비효율성 문제, 주요 과목 사교육비가 줄어든 만큼, 예체능 등 원하는 사교육을 선택함으로써 종합적인 사교육비 감소 효과는 미비하다는 문제가 나타났다. 서울런 사업의 개선방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 양질의 멘토 확충을 위해 서울특별시내 인력풀을 통합하고, 멘토의 이력서를 열람해 수요자가 선택할 수 있는 플랫폼을 구축해야 한다. 둘째, 서울런 이용자가 스스로 동기부여된 자기주도적 학습 태도를 함양할 수 있도록 자원을 집중해야 한다. 셋째, 서울런 이용자의 멘토링 참여를 탄력적으로 운영해야 한다. 넷째, 더 많은 서울시 내 교육취약계층이 서울런을 이용할 수 있도록 정책홍보 시스템을 개선할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 교육이 지위획득 경쟁체제 내에 있다는 점을 인정하고 교육취약계층에 대한 집중적인 조치로 정책 기조를 전환해야 한다.This study aims to examine the problems and alternatives of the Seoul Run initiative, enacted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government for mitigating educational disparities and alleviating the financial burden of shadow/private education. For the purpose the research conducted interviews with policy actors and subsequently suggesting potential improvements. The findings indicate that the Seoul Run policy proved efficacious for intrinsically motivated students in ameliorating educational disparities. However, students lacking such motivation did not perceive the benefits of t he S eoul R un e ducational content when j uxtaposed with t heir c ounterparts. Additionally, intrinsically motivated learners expressed a preference for more specialized content pertaining to career guidance and college admissions, rather than the mentoring services emphasized by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Concerning the shadow/private education costs, some cases were found that the actual cost reduction effect. Simultaneously, however, the sense of deprivation appeared due to the necessity of self-verification of economic hardship. Moreover, despite the favorable impact of shadow/private education cost decrease, the limited overall effect on the reduction of shadow/private education expenses as spending on major subjects decreased. The issues cause the selection of private education options in such other areas of development as arts, sports, and so on. The suggestions for improvement of the Seoul Run are as follows. First, it is necessary to consolidate the talent pool in Seoul and create a platform where customers can browse mentors’ resumes to secure high-quality mentors. Second, resources should be focused to foster self-motivated and self-directed learning attitudes among Seoul Run users. Third, the participation of Seoul Run users in mentoring should be operated flexibly. Fourth, there is a need to improve the policy promotion system to allow more educationally vulnerable groups in Seoul to use Seoul Run. Fifth, recognizing that education exists within a competitive status attainment system, policy emphasis should shift to concentrated measures for the educationally vulnerable groups.
Types and features of mathematics educational applications

본 연구는 수학교육용 애플리케이션의 유형별 특징을 분석하는 연구이다. 과거와 유사하게 문제중심형이 가장 많았지만 최근에는 문제중심형과 개념중심형에 학습자의 학습 상태를 분석하는 인공지능 기능이 포함된 유형이 증가하고 있다. 학습 과정 측면에서는 문제를 해결한 후 틀린 문제에 대한 오답 노트를 제공하여 학습자가 실수한 부분을 확인하고 교정할 수 있도록 해주는 경우가 있었다. 오답 문제에 대한 복습의 기회를 제공하여 개념이나 내용에 대한 이해를 증진하는 것은 교실에서 이루어지는 수학 학습뿐만 아니라 수학교육용 애플리케이션에서도 중요한 요소이다. 또한, 초기 애플리케이션은 사전에 프로그램화된 방식에 따라 일방적으로 학습자료가 제시되는 경우가 많았지만, 최근 개발된 수학교육용 애플리케이션 중에는 학습자가 질문하면 그에 대한 답을 제공받거나, 수학 문제를 만들어 입력하고 답을 얻는 등 상호작용적 구성을 활용하고 있는 애플리케이션이 증가하였다. 스마트 환경에서의 학습에서 우려되는 점으로 학습자의 자기주도적 학습 능력이 낮아질 것으로 우려하는 경우가 많은데, 최근 애플리케이션은 학습 결과 분석, 오답노트 제공, 상호작용적 구성을 통하여 학습자 스스로 자기주도적으로 학습을 구성하고 학습 목표를 성취할 수 있도록 구성된 애플리케이션이 증가하고 있다.This study analyzed the characteristics of each type of math education application. Similar to the past study, problem-oriented types were the most common, but recently, the number of types including artificial intelligence functions that analyze learners' learning status is increasing. In terms of the learning process, there were cases where after solving the problem, a wrong answer note for the wrong question was provided so that learners could check and correct the mistakes. Improving understanding of concepts or contents by providing opportunities to review incorrect answers is an important factor in mathematical education applications as well as mathematical learning in classrooms. In addition, early applications often presented learning materials unilaterally according to a pre-programmed method, but among the recently developed math education applications, there were applications that used interactive composition such as receiving answers when learners ask questions, making, typing, and obtaining answers. Self-directed learning by learners is often feared to decrease as a concern in learning in smart environments. Recently, more and more applications are configured to organize learning self-directed and achieve learning goals through AI analysis of learning results, wrong answer notes, and interactive composition.
An Analysis of Foreign Language High School Policy from the Perspective of Historical New Institutionalism

외국어고는 1980년대 초 각종학교의 형태로 시작하여 크고 작은 논란과 함께 40년 이상 유지되어왔다. 정책이 형성되고 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 변화를 거듭하며 유지되어 온 만큼, 외국어고 정책을 역사적인 맥락에서 조망하고 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 역사적 맥락에서 제도의 형성 및 변화과정을 파악할 수 있는 역사적 신제도주의의 관점에 따라 외국어고 정책을 분석함을 목적으로 한다. 이에 따라 1982년부터 2023년 6월까지의 외국어고 정책을 4개의 시기로 구분하고 각 시기를 구조･제도･행위자 수준으로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 외국어고 도입기･양적 확대기･정책 전환기･정책 표류기로 구분할 수 있었다. 외국어고 정책은 도입기에서 제도가 형성되어 유지되는 ‘경로의존’이 나타났으나, 이후에는 ‘경로진화’ 단계가 계속되고 있었다. 제도 운영 방식의 변화가 일어나는 가겹 단계인 양적 확대기를 거쳐, 내부적으로 정책의 새로운 변화가 발생한 정책 전환기를 맞이하였으나, 정책 표류기 단계에 이르러 결국 외국어고가 존폐의 위기에 처하게 되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이 과정에서 각 시기의 구조･제도･행위자 수준 간 상호작용을 확인하였으며, 연구 결과를 바탕으로 외국어고 정책의 제도적인 안정성을 도모할 수 있도록 법제화 및 신뢰 구축을 바탕으로 한 정책 마련이 필요하다는 시사점을 도출하였다.This Study analyzes foreign language high school policies from the perspective of historical new institutionalism. Foreign language high schools in South Korea have been a controversial issue for over 40 years since its establishment in the early 1980s. As policies have been formulated and changed over a long period of time, it is necessary to examine and analyze the Foreign language high school policy from a historical perspective. Accordingly, the foreign language high school policy from 1982 to June 2023 is divided into four periods, and each period is further analyzed at the structural, institutional, and behavioral level. As a result of the analysis, it could be divided into four periods: the introduction period of foreign language high schools, quantitative expansion period, policy transition period, and policy drift period. The foreign language high school policy showed ‘path dependence’ in which the system was formed and maintained at the introduction period, but after that, the ‘path evolution’ stage continued. In addition, the interaction between the structural, institutional, and behavioral level of each period was confirmed in this process, and it is necessary to prepare policies based on legislation and trust construction to promote institutional stability of foreign language high school policies based on the results of the study.
Development of digital citizenship measurement tool for pre-service secondary teachers

본 연구는 중등 예비교사의 디지털 시민성을 측정할 수 있는 도구 개발을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 국내외 선행연구를 바탕으로 예비교사의 디지털 시민성 하위요인을 디지털 에티켓, 디지털 권리와 책임, 개인정보 보호와 보안, 안전과 웰빙, 미디어·정보 리터러시, 온라인 정치 및 사회참여로 설정하였다. 예비문항 초안에 대해 중·고등학교 교사 11명에게 내용타당도를 검토받았고, 문항 선정을 위해 C도에 소재한 사범대학 예비교사를 대상으로 자료를 수집하여 구인타당도 검증을 실시하였다(151명). 41개 예비문항에 대한 탐색적 요인분석 결과를 바탕으로 28개 문항을 선정하였으며, 최종적으로 구성된 문항에 대해 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 디지털 시민성을 구성하는 6가지 하위요인이 타당한 것으로 확인되었고, 측정문항에 대한 적절성 검토 결과 수렴타당도와 변별타당도를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 다변량분산분석을 통해 예비교사의 학년, 전공계열에 따라 디지털 시민성에 차이가 있는지를 살펴본 결과, 전공계열에서 디지털 시민성의 하위요인에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석결과를 토대로 중등 예비교사가 자신의 디지털 시민성을 성찰하여 디지털 시민성 함양을 위한 교육적 경험으로 이어지는 데 도움이 되는 도구로서의 활용을 제안하였다.The purpose of this study is to develop a measurement tool for pre-service secondary teacher’s digital citizenship. For this purpose, based on literature review, 6 sub-factors were set as digital etiquette, rights and responsibilities, privacy and security, safety and well-being, media information literacy, and political and social participation. The content validity of the 41 draft items was reviewed by 11 middle and high school teachers, and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to select the 28 final items by 151-pre-service teachers. As a result of confirmation factor analysis on 6 sub-factors of digital citizenship, it was found to be statistically valid and to have convergent validity and discriminant validity. In addition, a multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to examine whether there were differences in the 6 sub-factors of digital citizenship by the grade and major of the preservice teachers, and it was found that there were statistically significant differences only in the majors. Based on these findings, it is proposed to use it as a measurement tool for pre-service secondary teachers to reflect on their digital citizenship.
Competition Between Space and Placeness in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games: Focused on Pokémon Go

This article examines the competition between “space” and “placeness” in location­based augmented reality (AR) mobile games, with a specific focus on Pokémon Go. It explores how personal experiences of place intricately intertwine with the overlay of playful digital information on the real world, allowing for the dynamic process of unmapping and remapping of places. Through a critical analysis of the conflict between spatial GPS and placeness within historical, religious, and political contexts in Pokémon Go, this study highlights the potential for transformative digital placemaking. It contributes to our understanding of how location­based AR games reconstruct digital place­values in users' environments.