Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The Decline of Freedom of Expression and Social Vulnerability in Western democracy

Abstract Freedom of expression is a fundamental part of living in a free and open society and, above all, a basic need of every human being and a requirement to attain happiness. Its absence has relevant consequences, not only for individuals but also for the whole social community. This might explain why freedom of expression was, along with other freedoms (conscience and religion; thought, belief, opinion, including that of the press and other media of communication; peaceful assembly; and association), at the core of liberal constitutionalism, and constitutes, since the Second World War, an essential element of constitutional democracies. In a democracy, people should be allowed to express themselves to others freely. The paper, which is divided into five sections, points out that states are obliged to protect the exercise of that freedom not only because its very purpose is the common good and welfare of society but also because it is a requirement of any constitutional democracy. Otherwise, when people cannot express themselves, perhaps out of fear (not from ‘war’ but from different kinds of social pressure or ‘violence’ exerted by some lobbies, mass media, or governmental policies that are at odds with respect for the plurality of opinions), vulnerability arises. This weakens not only those individuals that are not allowed to express their thoughts but also those who do not dare to do it – or even not to think for themselves – under certain environmental pressures (exerted by states, international organizations, social media, or financial groups, lobbies, etc.). In the end, the decline of freedom of expression makes most people more vulnerable and jeopardizes the whole democratic system.
Open Corpus Linguistics – or How to overcome common problems in dealing with corpus data by adopting open research practices

In recent years, many researchers have called attention to the fact that many research results cannot be replicated – a phenomenon that has been called replication crisis. The replication crisis in linguistics is highly relevant to corpus-based research: Many corpus studies are not directly replicable as the data on which they are based are not readily available. Especially in English linguistics, the full versions of many widely used corpora are still behind paywalls, which means that they are not accessible to parts of the global research community, and even when parts of the data are freely accessible, this presents problems for state-of-the-art methods of data analysis. In this paper, I discuss the challenges that have led to this situation, and I address some possible solutions. In particular, I argue for using smaller but openly available corpora whenever possible, and for adopting open research practices as far as possible even when using commercial corpora.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS FOR EGYPT COMPARED WITH ARAB COUNTRIES

The research problem is the low levels of sustainable development in Egypt compared to some of the Arab Gulf countries in some such as education and health sector problems, as well as the problems of unemployment and disguised unemployment within institutions, and consistent with the research problem, the research aims to identify the current situation of sustainable development in Egypt compared to the Arab countries, whether African or Asian. By studying sustainable development and poverty eradication in the Arab countries during 2019, it was found that the minimum percentage of the current poor with an income of $1.9/day was about 0% in the UAE, Lebanon, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Syria, and Yemen, while the maximum was about 49.2% in Somalia. With a general average of 5.38%, while in Egypt it reached about 0.5%. And that the minimum percentage of the current poor with an income of $3.2/day was about 0% in the UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Syria, and Yemen, while the maximum was about 76.99% in Somalia. with an average of 12.63%, while in Egypt it reached about 9.5%. And that the minimum percentage of the current poor, with an income of $3.1/day, was about 0% in Qatar, Bahrain, and Djibouti, while the maximum was about 81.2% in Yemen. with an average of 9.23%, while in Egypt it reached about 42.74%.
Arabic Negation and Speculation Scope Detection: a Transformer-based Approach.

Detecting the negation and speculation linguistic phenomena is vital for the performance of Arabic Natural Language Processing (ANLP) tasks. The negation and speculation scope detection problems have been addressed in a number of studies where most of them focused on the English and Spanish languages. This is due to the lack of corpora annotated for negation and speculation. In this work, the ArNeg corpus, annotated with negation, is extended by annotating it for the speculation to build the ArNegSpec corpus. In addition, we propose a transformer-based learning approach for detecting both the negation and speculation in Arabic texts. The AraBERT models with a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory and a Conditional Random Field (BiLSTM-CRF) as a sequence classification layer to achieve this goal. The results reached an F1 measure of 98% for cue identification for both negation and speculation. The proposed approach enhanced the evaluation results of the negation scope detection by 6% in terms of the F1 measure compared to the previous study. Furthermore, it achieved a 95% F1 measure for the speculation scope detection and a PCS value of 96% for both the negation and speculation scope. This approach shows the feasibility of transformer-based learning models in the sequence classification tasks as the detection of the negation and speculation in Arabic.
Comparison of Breast Cancer Classification Using the Decision Tree ID3 Algorithm and K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm

One of the main causes of death is cancer. The most common cancer in women is breast cancer. Breast cancer (Carcinoma mammae) is defined as a malignant neoplasm originating from the parenchyma. Breast cancer ranks first in terms of the highest number of cancers in Indonesia and is one of the first contributors to cancer deaths. Globocan data in 2020, the number of new cases of breast cancer reached 68,858 cases (16.6%) of the total 396,914 new cases of cancer in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the number of deaths reached more than 22 thousand cases (Romkom, 2022). This death rate is increasing due to lack of information about the early symptoms and dangers of breast cancer itself. From this lack of information, a system is needed that can provide information about breast cancer such as early diagnosis. Classification data mining techniques can be used to predict which patients will develop breast cancer and which do not with several parameters. In this study, a comparison of the classification of breast cancer using the Decision Tree ID3 algorithm and the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm will be carried out. Attribute data used consists of Menopause, Tumor-Size, Node-Caps, Deg-Malig, Breast, Breast-Squad and Irradiant. The main objective of this study is to improve classification performance in breast cancer diagnosis by applying feature selection to several classification algorithms. The Decision Tree ID3 algorithm has an accuracy rate of 93.333% and the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm has an accuracy rate of 76.6667%.
Understanding the Internship Learnings and Experiences of ITHM Students of FEU during the 2nd Semester of SY 2021-2022

This paper looked into the virtual internship of students at the Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management at Far Eastern University during the second semester of the school year 2021-2022. Many aspects of student education have changed because of the pandemic, including the need for practical experiences, such as student internship programs. Participation and competence development are now needed for students to fulfill future employment expectations. Best practices that encourage lifelong learning may aid in the achievement of future goals. This research utilized a descriptive quantitative design. It involved one hundred respondents who had enrolled in a student internship program for the 2nd semester of the school year 2021-2022. All essential data, including demographics, attitudes, learning, experiences, evaluation, and assessment, were gathered through a survey questionnaire via Google Forms. The findings revealed that students currently have a heightened awareness of how government organizations sell and popularize local tourism destinations. Students' most valuable experience includes having the opportunity to discuss and network with other guests and professionals and to interact with actual industry leaders and learn from their expertise. Overall, most interns taking virtual internships claimed that they learned many skills, abilities, traits, and knowledge that are relevant and important to their studies. However, some interns had difficulties understanding the materials on their own and encountered internet interruptions and technical problems. Most students recommended a face-to-face type of modality in the internship program for future semesters. Keywords: Virtual internship; Student internship; Experiential learning; Bloom’s taxonomy; Anderson’s Online Learning Model.
Cryptocurrency: A New Millennium Currency (Problem and Prospects in India)

Abstract: Crypto currency is the latest and the most significant development in the financial industry. It has brought a revolution in the Indian financial markets and created a challenge for the banking industry by presenting it as investment opportunity. Bit coin, the first and the most popular crypto currency launched in the year 2009. It has given the other option to the long standing and unchanged financial payment system which is existing for many decades. It is a decentralized digital currency that can be sent from user to user on the peer-to-peer. In the bitcoin network it can be sent without the need for intermediaries, where transactions are done through a public ledger called block chain, where user data is stored anonymously. It has created a robust digital trade markets where there is free flowing trading system without fees. They are not going to replace the traditional system of payments but they have changed the way of making payments through internet and interaction of global markets. In addition to this has given an investment option too. In the light of above facts current research has been conducted to know the status of cryptocurrency in India, various types of crypto currencies existing in India its problems and prospects. It was found that there is no legal regulation to control their operation only current announcement in the budget gains arising from the trading of these currencies has brought under taxation. But till date RBI has not given any recognition to it and the user /investor is responsible for their risk.
Designing an Image Encryption user Interface System

Abstract: “Designing an Image Encryption user Interface using Python and Octave” Data Security has become the paramount in most industries right this moment, especially true in the finance and banking industry. What we have created here is a user interface that lets you add a blur to your image and protect it with a password. We are also using steganography to add to hide a recognition key in the image. The password for the image (taken in as input from the user) and the hidden key into image are then updated in SQL data base. The interface also lets you decrypt any image that was earlier encrypted using program, this is done by initially finding the hidden code in encrypted image then checking it with the keys in the data base if matched the user is asked for a password, the password then entered by the user is checked with password saved for the given key if the image is decrypted. A graphic interface is then created using the tkinter python library for the front end and our encryption code being at the backend. Now let’s understand how the encryption is takes place, basically we are using the octave library in python3 to add Gaussian blur to the image. Mathematically the adding Gaussian blur the image is the same as convolving the image with a Gaussian Function. The Gaussian blur is a form of photo-blurring filter that uses a Gaussian feature (which additionally expresses the normal distribution in facts) for calculating the transformation to apply to every pixel within the image
Plant Electrical Signal Research Based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks

Deciphering the changes in crop surface potential induced by light and salt stimulation is of great significance for understanding the electrical signal-based response to salt stimulation. We constructed differential equations for describing the changes in the crop surface electrical potential caused by environmental stimuli, e.g., salt stimulation. However, determining the time-varying parameters and equivalent environmental stimuli in the equation is a challenge. To solve this problem, we designed the physics-informed neural networks for plant electrical signals(PES-PINN)to solve differential equations from a data-driven perspective. In addition, we successfully obtained and verified the equivalent environmental stimuli and time-varying parameters of the differential equation by cleverly designing forward and reverse experiments. The results show that PES-PINN performs well under different datasets, even in the worst case, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of surface potential (v) was still 0.859, the mean square error (MSE) was 0.015, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.727; the PCC of equivalent conductance (g) was 0.875, the MSE was 0.013, and the R2 was 0.697. In the future, this method will become a potentially effective tool for understanding plant electrical signals and be applied to identify crop stress tolerance for breeding research using these parameters of the equation.
Accountable Javascript Code Delivery

The Internet is a major distribution platform for web applications, but there are no effective transparency and audit mechanisms in place for the web.Due to the ephemeral nature of web applications, a client visiting a website has no guarantee that the code it receives today is the same as yesterday, or the same as other visitors receive.Despite advances in web security, it is thus challenging to audit web applications before they are rendered in the browser.We propose Accountable JS, a browser extension and opt-in protocol for accountable delivery of active content on a web page.We prototype our protocol, formally model its security properties with the TAMARIN Prover, and evaluate its compatibility and performance impact with case studies including WhatsApp Web, AdSense and Nimiq.Accountability is beginning to be deployed at scale, with Meta's recent announcement of Code Verify available to all 2 billion WhatsApp users, but there has been little formal analysis of such protocols.We formally model Code Verify using the TAMARIN Prover and compare its properties to our Accountable JS protocol.We also compare Code Verify's and Accountable JS extension's performance impacts on WhatsApp Web.
Changes in the Peel Strength between the Painting and First Lining Papers in Japanese Scroll Model Samples

To maintain the permanence of hanging scrolls until the subsequent repair work, inhibiting not only the deterioration of the painting and lining papers but also the decrease in adhesiveness between them is important since the first lining has a significant influence on the mechanical support to the painting paper. This study evaluated the peel strength behaviour of the lined complex depending on the painting and lining materials with varied concentrations as well as the fibre type of the lining paper. The lined complex consisting of untreated painting paper showed the highest initial peel strength due to significant cohesiveness of the wheat starch paste layer attributed to the higher wettability and permeability, although substrate failure occurred with longer ageing. Degradative material such as Cu2+ present in painting paper decomposed starch and decreased adhesiveness fastest. Lined complexes coated with animal glue containing alum or Cu2+ in the painting paper kept the lowest peel strength during ageing due to lower wettability and permeability, resulting in interfacial failure between the animal glue and wheat starch paste layer. Moreover, different initial peel strengths were evident with the fibre type of the lining paper depending on combined factors such as fibre length, surface roughness, shape, and intensity of hydroxyl groups. Thus, variable conditions for lining as well as degradative products present in the painting paper influence adhesion and adhesiveness, which determine the efficiency of subsequent repair work.
Arabic Sign Language Recognition System: Using an Image-Based hand Gesture Detection Method to help Deaf and Dump Children to Engage in Education

Hand gestures help individuals communicate in daily life. Sign languages, however, employ hand motions extensively. People with hearing impairments use sign language. Pattern recognition in computer vision may be used to interpret and translate Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) for deaf and dumb persons using image processing-based software systems. Arab hearing-impaired and deaf persons communicate with Arabic Sign Language Recognition (ArSLR).We propose an image-based ArSLR system employing gesture recognition to enable people with disabilities to engage with the outside world. This work proposes the design and development of an automated Arabic sign language-to-Arabic text translation system. This study extracts stem Arabic words and differentiates related terms. Hand motions capture alphabet letters in the proposed approach. Image isolation occurs after acquisition. Extraction, conclusion, and hand sign pattern characteristics comprise the third step. The fourth phase classifies hand gestures using a powerful classification algorithm. Finally, the sign language letter is interpreted and translated to the Arabic character.
Analysis of Machine-Based Learning Algorithm Used in Named Entity Recognition

Aim/Purpose: The amount of information published has increased dramatically due to the information explosion. The issue of managing information as it expands at this rate lies in the development of information extraction technology that can turn unstructured data into organized data that is understandable and controllable by computers Background: The primary goal of named entity recognition (NER) is to extract named entities from amorphous materials and place them in pre-defined semantic classes. Methodology: In our work, we analyze various machine learning algorithms and implement K-NN which has been widely used in machine learning and remains one of the most popular methods to classify data. Contribution: To the researchers’ best knowledge, no published study has presented Named entity recognition for the Kikuyu language using a machine learning algorithm. This research will fill this gap by recognizing entities in the Kikuyu language. Findings: An evaluation was done by testing precision, recall, and F-measure. The experiment results demonstrate that using K-NN is effective in classification performance. Recommendation for Researchers: With enough training data, researchers could perform an experiment and check the learning curve with accuracy that compares to state of art NER. Future Research: Future studies may be done using unsupervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms for other resource-scarce languages.
The Vitality and Counter-Pedagogy of Cage in the Conservatoire

TODAY'S MUSIC CONSERVATORIUM?WHERE classical students spend hours every day alone in practice rooms, obsessively perfecting minute gradations of tone, colour, and expression?Where young prodigies strive for agility in their plucking and bowing and teachers assert pedagogical lineages to Liszt and Busoni?And meanwhile, down the hallway, the contemporary music students craft beats and breaks with subtle flavours of sonic production.The very name 'conservatorium' is etymologically related to 'conservative' and an ethos of preservation.Of course, there are aesthetically adventurous and exploratory musicians working in conservatoria, especially as composers and sound artists.In the 1970s the Sydney composer John Terry would take NSW Conservatorium High School students on Cageian soundwalks through the building and into the neighbouring Royal Botanic Garden.Yet Cage's experimentalism tends to be seen by many classical performance lecturers and popular music practitioners as broadly antithetical or at least irrelevant to what they are teaching.In the early 1990s rumours abounded that George Ellis-then a piano student, now a conductorhad performed 4'33" in Concert Practice class, and a more daring act could hardly be imagined.At weekly Concert Practice students were assessed on technique, musicality, and stagecraft.The frisson of the lecturers' disgusted and censorious reactions kept the story circulating for years after George's performance.W
Good governance and sustainable human development: Evidence from the Egyptian experience

This study aims to investigate the relationship between good governance and sustainable human development in Egypt from 1996 to 2019. This study examines this relationship in both the long term and short term. This study is one of the rare studies that investigate the relationship between good governance and sustainable human development at the global level. Moreover, Its construction of an indicator of sustainable human development through the principal component analysis (PCA). The study adopted the Johansen Co-integration method and the use of Error Correction Model (ECM) to measure the long-and short-term relationship between overall good governance and sustainable human development in Egypt. This study also uses the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method to obtain robustness in analyzing the relationship between overall good governance and sustainable human development. The method of generalized linear models (GLM) was also used with the use of the Bootstrap method in measuring the relationship between the components of good governance and sustainable human development in Egypt to determine the most significant factors of good governance that drive sustainable human development in Egypt. Results indicated that overall good governance only contributes to achieving sustainable human development in Egypt in the long term. There is no causal relationship between good governance and sustainable human development in the short term. Sustainable human development in the previous year contributes positively and significantly to its growth in the current year. In addition, corruption control has a negative and significant relationship with the sustainable human development index.
The impact of (kahoot – aided) guided reading on preparatory students EFL reading comprehension and fluency skills

This study aimed to investigate the impact of using (kahoot-aided) guided reading on preparatory students EFL reading comprehension and fluency skills.The participants of the study were sixty second preparatory stage students at Saqr Quraish preparatory school, El-Gharbia governorate.Instruments of the study were an EFL reading comprehension skills questionnaire , an EFL pre-post reading comprehension skills test, an EFL pre-post reading fluency test and an EFL reading fluency scale of prosody.In this study, a pre-post reading comprehension test and a pre-post reading fluency test were used with two groups (Experimental and control , 30 students each).Results revealed that the experimental group students outperformed their peers in the control group in their reading comprehension and fluency skills as validated through the post-test scores.The experimental group's great performance in these reading skills were attributed to using (kahoot-aided) guided reading program.