Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The Syntactic Variations in Verb Phrase – Double Modals in Pakistani English (PakE) and Malaysian English (MyE): A Comparative and Corpus-Based Study

This study aims to detect the variations and compare the use of Verb Phrase – Double Modals in PakE and MyE. For this study, two recently released corpora – GlowbE-PK and GlowbE-MY were utilized. Twenty Verb phrases with double Modals in PakE and MyE were selected from thousands of concordance lines and a large amount of text. This study utilized mixed method research and also kept in view the Sociolinguistic Variation and World Englishes conventions of research by utilizing corpora.The Frequency of each token (phrase), and then the accumulative and average frequencies of both Englishes were given separately. A comparative analysis of both varieties of English was done. It was an interesting fact to know that MyE displays comparatively more use of VP-Double Modals than PakE. The frequency of VP - Double Modals in MyE is 1.88, which is 0.41 more than the frequency of VP – Double Modals in PakE.The results and discussion indicated a noticeable variation in the use of VP with Double Modals of PakE and MyE from Standard British English (BrE). This research also indicates a linguistic pattern in the different dialects of English. The PakE and MyE have different phases of development, and contact languages with English in both varieties are also different. However, they both display the use of Double Modals.
Phosphate mineralization in leucogranites of the Peshcherninsky stock (Reftinsky massif, Middle Urals)

Relevance. Phosphate mineralization of Devonian intrusions in the Eastern zone of the Middle Urals is currently poorly understood, the data obtained may be important for interpreting the origin of rocks, especially in the case when standard methods of geochemical analysis of rocks do not give a clear picture. Xenotime and monazite are minerals concentrating rare earth elements, and REE distribution graphs are a very important characteristic of rocks. Objective – study of the chemical composition of phosphates in leucogranites of the Peshcherninsky stock. Research methodology. Determination of the chemical composition of the samples was carried out on a Cameca SX100 electron probe microanalyzer at the Common Use Center Geoanalyst, analyst V. A. Bulatov. The analysis was carried out at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV using crystal analyzers TAP, LPC0, LPET, PET, LLIF, LIF. The electron probe current was 10 nA (apatite) and 60 nA (REE, Th phosphates). The pulse accumulation time at the peak maximum was 10 s (for most elements) and 20 s (for REE, Th, U, Pb). During the analysis, on a Cameca SX100 electron probe microanalyzer, the following were used as standards: apatite (for analysis of the content of P, Ca), chlorapatite (Cl), fluorine-phlogopite (F), diopside (Mg, Si), albite (Na, Al), orthoclase (K), rhodonite (Mn), SrSO4 (Sr), TiO2 (Ti), Fe2 O3 (Fe), SrSO4 (Sr), BaSO4 (S), Cr2 O3 (Cr), pyromorphite (Pb) and aluminosilicate glasses doped with REE (La, Ce, Y, Sm, Pr, Nd, Th, U, Tm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Gd, Er, Yb, Lu, Ho). Due to the use of a low probe current in the analysis of apatites, the detection limits for elements were: 300–600 ppm for S, Cl, Al, Mg, Si, Ca, Na and 2000–2500 ppm for P, F, Fe, Mn, Cr. For REE phosphates, the following detection limits were achieved using an increased probe current: 100–200 ppm for Si, Ca, Cr, K, Al, Mg, Ti, Pb, 300–500 ppm for Na, S, P, Mn, Y, Th, U, 1200–1500 ppm for Sr, Nd, Ce, 1700–2000 ppm for La, Tm, Tb, 2500–2800 ppm for Yb, Dy, Lu, Pr, 3500–4700 ppm for Eu, Sm, Gd, Ho. Results. For the first time in Russia, cheralite was found and described in a plutonic rock. The article presents the first data on the chemical composition of phosphates (apatite, monazite, xenotime, cheralite) from the leucogranites of the Pescherninsky stock, which formed at the final stage of the formation of the polychronous and polyformational Reftinsky gabbro-granitoid massif. Conclusion. Apatite belongs to the fluorine variety with an admixture of manganese, monazite is represented by the cerium variety, and xenotime is represented by yttrium. Cheralite has a transitional trace element composition, and depending on the zone, it can be attributed to both cerium and yttrium varieties. The admixture of manganese in apatite may indicate partial mixing of the melt with sedimentary or metasedimentary rocks.
Improved Population Intelligence Algorithm and BP Neural Network for Network Security Posture Prediction

To address the problems of low prediction accuracy and slow convergence of the network security posture prediction model, a population intelligence optimization algorithm is proposed to improve the network security posture prediction model of the BP neural network. First, the adaptive adjustment of the two parameters with the increase of iterations is achieved by improving the inertia weights and learning factors in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm so that the PSO has a large search range and high speed at the initial stage and a strong and stable convergence capability at the later stage. Secondly, to address the problem that PSO is prone to fall into a local optimum, the genetic operator is embedded into the operation process of the particle swarm algorithm, and the excellent global optimization performance of the genetic algorithm is used to open up the spatial vision of the particle population, revive the stagnant particles, accelerate the update amplitude of the algorithm, and achieve the purpose of improving the premature problem. Finally, the improved algorithm is combined with the BP neural network to optimize the BP neural network and applied to the network security posture assessment. The experimental comparison of different optimization algorithms is applied, and the results show that the network security posture prediction method of this model has the smallest error, the highest accuracy, and the fastest convergence, and can effectively predict future changes in network security posture.
Automatic Transliteration of Polish and English Proper Nouns into Lithuanian

As the world is becoming more globalized, proper nouns move from one language into other languages. In order to preserve the grammatical or phonetic structure of the target language, a desire arises to adapt them. The present work deals with adaptation (transliteration) of Polish and English words to the Lithuanian language. The set of context-sensitive and context-free rules was created manually for the Polish language. Manually creating such rules for the English language is too difficult, thus the algorithm to automatically generate transliteration rules from English-Lithuanian word pairs aligned at the letter level was developed in this work. For the Polish language, 100% accuracy was achieved. For English, word accuracy of about 50% and character accuracy of about 90% was achieved. The reasons for this accuracy are identified and directions for improving the set of rules are provided.
Approximating outcome probabilities of linear optical circuits

Abstract Quasiprobability representation is an important tool for analyzing a quantum system, such as a quantum state or a quantum circuit. In this work, we propose classical algorithms specialized for approximating outcome probabilities of a linear optical circuit using $s$-parameterized quasiprobability distributions. Notably, we can reduce the negativity bound of a circuit from exponential to at most polynomial for specific cases by modulating the shapes of quasiprobability distributions thanks to the symmetry of the linear optical transformation in the phase space. Consequently, our scheme renders an efficient estimation of outcome probabilities within an additive error whose precision depends on the classicality of the circuit. When the classicality is high enough, we reach a polynomial-time estimation algorithm of a probability within a multiplicative error by an efficient sampling from the log-concave function. By choosing appropriate input states and measurements, our results provide plenty of quantum-inspired classical algorithms for approximating various matrix functions beating best-known results. Moreover, we give sufficient conditions for the classical simulability of Gaussian boson sampling using the approximating algorithm for any (marginal) outcome probability under the poly-sparse condition.
Analysis of Key Technologies and Application Scenarios of Smart Schools Construction

The “Education Informatization Action Plan 2.0” of the Ministry of Education summarizes smart schools as “based on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and Internet of Things, relying on various smart devices and networks, actively carrying out innovative research and demonstration of smart education, and promoting the transformation of education mode and ecological reconstruction supported by new technologies.” Through the analysis of key technologies and application scenarios of smart schools, this paper points out that the construction of smart schools needs to be people-oriented, intelligent and collaborative, and realize the deep integration of physical schools and smart schools. On this basis, combined with the construction cases of smart schools, in order to provide reference for the technical landing and application promotion of smart schools.
Relation-Aware Weighted Embedding for Heterogeneous Graphs

Heterogeneous graph embedding, aiming to learn the low-dimensional representations of nodes, is effective in many tasks, such as link prediction, node classification, and community detection. Most existing graph embedding methods conducted on heterogeneous graphs treat the heterogeneous neighbours equally. Although it is possible to get node weights through attention mechanisms mainly developed using expensive recursive message-passing, they are difficult to deal with large-scale networks. In this paper, we propose R-WHGE, a relation-aware weighted embedding model for heterogeneous graphs, to resolve this issue. R-WHGE comprehensively considers structural information, semantic information, meta-paths of nodes and meta-path-based node weights to learn effective node embeddings. More specifically, we first extract the feature importance of each node and then take the nodes’ importance as node weights. A weighted random walks-based embedding learning model is proposed to generate the initial weighted node embeddings according to each meta-path. Finally, we feed these embeddings to a relation-aware heterogeneous graph neural network to generate compact embeddings of nodes, which captures relation-aware characteristics. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our model is competitive against various state-of-the-art methods.
CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF REMITTANCES, EXPORTS, AND GDP IN BANGLADESH: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION

&lt;p&gt;Remittances and exports are significant sources of foreign exchange earnings for developing nations. This study explores the relationship between remittances, exports, and economic development in Bangladesh. Using the Johansen co-integration approach, the study finds evidence of co-integration among the variables. The results also show that remittances have a significant positive effect on the gross domestic product (GDP) of Bangladesh, while exports do not have a direct impact on GDP. Furthermore, the Granger causality test reveals that there is no significant and positive relationship between remittances and exports. The study suggests that remittances play a vital role in the economic development of Bangladesh by creating employment opportunities, increasing the level of reserves amount, making payments on imports, balancing the balance of payments, and developing other socio-economic aspects. This is especially important in a country where unemployment is a significant issue, and every day the rate of unemployment is increasing. Therefore, policymakers should take into consideration the potential risks and benefits of migration and remittances and adopt appropriate policies to mitigate any negative impacts. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on the impact of remittances and exports on economic development and provides important policy implications for reducing unemployment in Bangladesh. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;JEL&lt;/strong&gt;: F02; F14; F24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0026/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Teachers’ digital competencias for mediation in hybrid learning environments

As a result of the confinement due to the global pandemic of covid-19, teachers and students found themselves in the inevitable situation of suddenly moving from the traditional face-toface model to virtual environments, with the demand for new digital skills and computer resources. The purpose of this scientific article was to describe the digital teaching competence, the main problems that the educational community faced to join virtual environments, as well as the proposals that originated to perform expeditiously in this new modality. The research was based on a systematic review of scientific articles on digital teaching competence in virtual environments in the context of the pandemic, in the Scopus database, with the support of Redalyc, Scielo, Dialnet, Elsevier and Google Scholar. The results show that the digital teaching competence still does not present an optimal level, so the most recurring solution proposal is the training and development of the digital teaching competence. Since to date the direction followed by the actors involved in virtual learning is uncertain, this investigation culminates by proposing an alternative solution.
Unsupervised Translation of Programming Language - A Survey Paper

Unsupervised translation of Programming Languages has seen a recent boom because of the need for legacy systems to port to a much more efficient processing system. This has given rise to various techniques for translation of programming languages. The translation of programming languages is required to ensure that systems can easily communicate and operate with the latest and avant-garde technology. The task of translation of programming languages becomes complex due to the differences in syntaxes that are prevalent between various programming languages. There is also the issue of diverse programming languages and different methods to achieve a common goal. Hence it is imperative to understand the working and challenges of current top notch models for translation of programming languages and to ponder on how their accuracy and efficiency can be improved. In this study, the different models that are employed for translation of programming languages and their effectiveness in their task shall be discussed.
Politicising Animal-Computer Interaction: an Approach to Political Engagement with Animal-Centred Design

While ACI researchers aspire to design animal-centred technology, they must operate within socio-economic systems that are not necessarily animal-centred. This creates a tension between researchers’ endeavour to address the immediate needs of animals in specific situations through technological interventions, on the one hand, and these interventions’ wider implications and consequences for the situation and life of various animal stakeholders beyond specific ACI projects, on the other hand. In this paper, we focus on the political nature of ACI, drawing from literature on political interaction design, which argues that designers should work towards social justice. Drawing from political philosophies, we then explore how extending the notion of social justice to animals might help define a political notion of animal centredness in ACI. Finally, through the lens of this notion of animal centredness, we consider the relevance of previously proposed strategies for political interaction design and propose an approach that could support ACI researchers’ political engagement in animal-centred design.
"A COMMUNICATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE. CASE STUDY: EMOJIS "

The paper tackles the evolution of the symbolic language, more precisely, it focuses on a novel form of digital communication known as emojis. It has been commonly accepted that in the post 2.0 web era few concepts have been so richly delineated, have become so visible and have spread so rapidly in both mainstream and niche culture. The aim of this study is to highlight intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics which led to the mass popularization and use of emojis, as well as communicational implications pertaining to this phenomenon. From the standpoint of communication studies, the emergence of the concept has brought about valuable and interesting changes in both global etymology and semantics, thus identifying an inherent necessity to examine it. The present paper also aims to identify how teenagers from Western Romania, ages 14 to 18, use this new way of communicating and the reasons behind opting for emojis. Furthermore, the research conducted in Arad seeks to establish the specific aspects which shape the way teenagers use emojis when interacting among themselves and outside the dynamic of their preferred group.
The Feasibility of Interactive Multimedia and Online Quiz Based Gamification on Learning Management System (LMS) Thematic Learning Courses

The global Covid-19 pandemic has had a variety of impacts on the education sector including the deepening of the learning process. The college has transformed initially face-to-face learning activities into distance learning using online learning platform. However, the design of the platform used is still less varied from the type of media and learning applications, where lectures should be able to provoke motivation and the active role of students. This research aims to find out the feasibility results of interactive multimedia and online quiz based on integrated gamification learning system in supporting thematic learning courses. This study used a research and development approach, specifically the ADDIE development model design by Branch (2009). The research subjects are 2nd semester students who will take Thematic Learning courses in Elementary School of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta and Universitas PGRI Palembang. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis. The results showed that the validation results of media experts obtained a score of 3.88 with good categories and material expert validation obtained a score of 3.89 with a good category. Then the results of student responses to interactive multimedia products and online quiz based gamification at the time of the limited trial which included one to one trial obtained a score of 3.50 with a good category, small group trail obtained a score of 3.69 with a good category, and the field trial received a score of 3.95 with an very good category. Thus interactive multimedia and online quiz based gamification integrated LMS in thematic learning courses are said to be feasible and can be used in increasing student motivation and interaction in the lecture process.
Labour Relations and Human Resources: Students’ Perceptions of Their Training in Digital Competences

Nowadays, the acquisition of a high level of digital competence has become a real need for professional development in any field. Future graduates in Labour Relations and Human Resources should achieve an advanced level of this skill. The main aim of this research is to determine the level of acquisition of digital competence in Labour Relations and Human Resources students. The second purpose is to check whether there is a link between gender and digital competence achievement. This paper is based on the application of a questionnaire on digital competences which is organized around 5 aspects, and mainly based on the basis of Likert-type scale questions. The data collected belong to 26 undergraduates studying at the third year of Degree in Labour Relations and Human Resources at the University of Extremadura. The results obtained show that a large majority of students (65.4%) have an advanced level of digital competence, nevertheless, it would be advisable for the rest to achieve the same level before they graduate and exercise their profession. The second important conclusion is that the level of acquisition of digital competence is not conditioned by gender aspects.
Visibility-aware 3D models transmission for virtual reality applications

In this paper, we propose a visibility-aware 3D models transmission method for Virtual Reality applications. The proposed method dynamically adjusts the quality of individual models based on available network resource and their visibility to maximize user-perceived quality under delay constraints. Experiment results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the viewport quality compared to conventional methods.
Penerapan Keamanan Owasp Terhadap Aplikasi GTFW Pada Website Universitas Battuta

In this study, we will test the penetration of GTFW-based applications that have been carried out, then obtain the results as a session management category vulnerability test, namely 3 that did not pass, namely cookie attributes, CSRF, and session timeout, then the vulnerability of the input validation category there was 1 that did not pass, namely stored XSS. The xplorin application has a cookie attribute vulnerability with a Medium vulnerability risk level. The xplorin application has a CSRF vulnerability with a Medium vulnerability risk level. The xplorin application has a session timeout vulnerability with a Low vulnerability risk level. The xplorin application has a stored XSS vulnerability with a Low risk level of vulnerability.
A Hierarchical Deep Neural Network for Detecting Lines of Codes with Vulnerabilities

Software vulnerabilities, caused by unintentional flaws in source codes, are the main root cause of cyberattacks. Source code static analysis has been used extensively to detect the unintentional defects, i.e. vulnerabilities, introduced into the source codes by software developers. In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach to detect vulnerabilities from their LLVM IR representations based on the techniques that have been used in natural language processing. The proposed approach uses a hierarchical process to first identify source codes with vulnerabilities, and then it identifies the lines of codes that contribute to the vulnerability within the detected source codes. This proposed two-step approach reduces the false alarm of detecting vulnerable lines. Our extensive experiment on real-world and synthetic codes collected in NVD and SARD shows high accuracy (about 98%) in detectina source code vulnerabilities <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> The code repository: https://github.com/arashmahyari/PLP.