Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Minds, Machines, and the Law: The Case of Volition in Copyright Law

The increasing prevalence of ever-sophisticated technology permits machines to stand in for or augment humans in a growing number of contexts. The questions of whether, when, and how the so-called actions of machines can and should result in legal liability thus will also become more practically pressing. One important set of questions that the law will inevitably need to confront is whether machines can have mental states, or—at least—something sufficiently like mental states for the purposes of the law. This is because a number of areas of law have explicit or implicit mental state requirements for the incurrence of legal liability. Thus, in these contexts, whether machines can incur legal liability turns on whether a machine can operate with the requisite mental state. Consider the example of copyright law. Given the long history of mechanical copying, courts have already faced the question of whether a machine making a copy can have the mental states required for liability. They have often answered with a resounding, unconditional “no.” But this Essay seeks to challenge any generalization that machines cannot operate with a mental state in the eyes of the law. Taking lessons from philosophical thinking about minds and machines—in particular, the conceptual distinction between “conscious” and “functional” properties of the mind—this Essay uses copyright’s volitional act requirement as a case study to demonstrate that certain legal mental state requirements might seek to track only the functional properties of the states in question, even ones which can be possessed by machines. This Essay concludes by considering how to move toward a more general framework for evaluating the question of machine mental states for legal purposes.
Usability of “Traysi”: A Web Application for Tricycle Commuters

This study measured the usability of a web application for tricycle commuters that was developed using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) and Javascript (JS) with the aid of Google Artificial Programming Interfaces (APIs).Toward this goal, the effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction were measured using common usability metrics.The effectiveness was measured in terms of task completion rate and user errors while efficiency was measured in terms of time on task.For user satisfaction, the post-task questionnaire, Single Ease Question (SEQ), was used.In order to check whether the web application will be usable even for first time users, the usability test was conducted three times.The result revealed that the usability of the web application is acceptable on the first trial.However, the usability improved on the next used which is evident on the third trial that yielded a 93.33% task completion rate with only one user error.The average time on task on every trial was lower th Thus, the web application was highly usable in doing its intended purpose especially if it is repeatedly used.
Free Space Optical Coprocessor for Image processing and Convolution Neural Network

Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) are artificial networks able to extract features from large dataset by spatial filtering. Here we propose an optical coprocessor able to perform large image filtering and convolutions, outperforming current architectures.
Tokenized structures and assets in Liechtenstein law

Abstract With the ever-growing popularity of the blockchain technology in business and utilizing a token-based economy as a pillar for various recent projects, the legal aspect of tokenized structures and assets poses a significant and relevant challenge. This contribution seeks to outline the legal handling of tokenized structures in Liechtenstein as well as issues with the tokenization of assets from a legal point of view, while drawing an outlook on the potential future situation in view of the upcoming Liechtenstein Trustworthy Technologies Act (TTA) and future European Union legislation. The TTA is set to come into force in late 2019.
Discovery Layer Decisions and Configurations: A Panel Discussion

Decisions abound when implementing a discovery layer. Does the library use one discovery layer to access all their materials? Or select multiple products? Or create different instances of the same product? For the different products/instances, which parts of the collection are targeted? This session will be a panel discussion between four libraries on how they reached their decisions, how they implemented them, and how they assessed their impact.
A Study on the Partnership between the International Organizations and NGOs in Development Cooperation: Focusing on the Selection Criteria and Process Analysis

연구목적: 개도국 사업실행에서 국제기구와 NGO 파트너십의 형성요인과 과정을 분석하고, 국내 개발NGO들이 국제기구 협력사업의 실행 파트너 참여를 활성화하기 위한 실천적ㆍ정책적 시사점을 고찰하고자 한다. 연구의 중요성: 오늘날 국제개발협력 분야에서 개발NGO들의 국제기구와의 사업 실행 파트너십이 확대되는 실존적 현상을 학술적으로 재구성하고 이론화하는 탐색적 연구로서 학문적 기여를 한다. 또한 실천적 측면에서는 한국의 다자개발원조에서 국내 개발NGO의 참여 확대를 위한 참고자료를 제공한다. 연구방법론: 국제기구의 파트너 선정 기준과 절차 분석을 위해 개별 UN기구가 발간하는 보고서 및 파트너십 가이드라인 등과 NGO 파트너십 관련 선행연구에 대한 문헌조사를 실시하였다. 또한 총 74명을 대상으로 국제기구 협력사업 사례 관련 이해관계자 인터뷰와 관계자 심층면담을 진행하였다. 연구결과: 국제기구들은 일반적으로 공식적인 공개 선정 절차를 공유하는 경향을 보인다. 국제기구의 NGO 파트너 선정 조건은 ① NGO의 비전과 미션 및 활동이 국제기구의 전략목표 그리고 우선순위와 부합하는지의 여부, ② 국제기구 협력사업 수행 경험과 사업 수행 역량, ③ 투명한 재정관리 및 회계보고 절차 준수, ④ 민주적이며 윤리적인 조직 내부 거버넌스 구축, ⑤ 사업계획 실행 역량을 갖춘 인적자원과 조직 내부의 재정자원 확보 등 5가지 기준으로 요약된다. 결론 및 시사점: 한국 개발NGO들의 국제기구 파트너십 참여 활성화를 위해 요구되는 한국 정부 차원의 정책적ㆍ제도적 개선 방향은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국 NGO가 국제기구 협력사업 발굴 단계에서 활용할 수 있는 자금 지원의 기회를 확대하도록 한다. 둘째, 다자성양자원조 사업에서 한국 NGO, 기업, 학계 등 다양한 민간 행위자들을 국제기구의 실행 파트너로 우선 고려하는 정책 방향을 수립한다.Purpose: This study aims to analyze the processes of international organizations and NGO partnerships in the project implementation in developing countries, and to examine practical and policy implications to activate participation in IO’s projects. Originality: Academic contributions are made as exploratory research that reconstructs and theorizes the existential phenomena in which development NGOs extend their partnerships with international organizations. Methodology: To analyze the criteria and procedures of partner selection for international organizations, we conducted a literature survey of prior research on NGO partnerships. We also conducted stakeholder and in-depth interviews. Result: International organizations generally tend to carry out formal open selection procedures. The criteria for selecting an NGO partner are: ① whether the NGO’s vision, missions, and activities are in line with the strategic goals and priorities of the multilateral organizations, ② experience in carrying out international organization projects, and field performances, ③ transparent financial management and accounting reporting procedures, ④ building democratic and ethical internal governance, and ⑤ ensuring human resources with the ability to implement project plans and securing internal financial resources. Conclusion and Implication: First, the Korean government should expand opportunities for funding that can be utilized for Korean NGOs in the process of developing international organization cooperation projects. Second, in the multilateral aid project, we will establish a policy direction that considers various private actors such as Korean NGOs, businesses, and academics as implementing partners of international organizations.
Cascade Evolving Network for Vehicle Detection of Highway

In this paper, a novel vehicle detection scheme via Cascade Evolving Network (CEN) is presented, which is designed for our highway vehicle detection dataset captured from super wide-angle lens. The highway images are in multi-scale, and almost all cars are dense and seriously obscured. To handle such obstacles, CEN makes better use of contextual information by proposing and refining the object boxes under different feature representations. Specifically, our framework is embedded as a light-weight cascade network. First a Light-weight Parallel Network (LPN) with a small Intersection Over Union (IOU) is applied for extracting multi-scale feature map. The parallel two networks, Coarse-grained Network (CgN) with a smallest IOU and Fine-grained Network (FgN) with a bit larger IOU produce multi-scale candidate boxes with various settings of prior anchors. The smallest IOU is designed for small objects whose IOU is smaller than large ones. Another two subnetworks refine the vague edges of proposals afterwards with gradual increasing IOU. For maximizing contextual information, three subnetworks connect together. Meanwhile, a new novel feature fusion method, named Grouped Region Proposal Network (GRPN) is adopted. CEN achieves the promising results on our highway vehicle detection dataset. To verify the robustness of the network, an evaluation on the DETRAC benchmark dataset is implemented, and obtain a significant improvement over the baseline model of Faster RCNN by 13.11% for mAP. This shows that the initial boxes can be better refined for both localization and recognition in CEN. Furthermore, Our network achieves 7-11 FPS detection speed on a moderate commercial GPU, which is much more effective than the baseline model.
From Aleph, SFX, and Verde to Alma: How We Survived 18 Challenging but Rewarding Months

I will highlight what we learned migrating our data, managing a large scale project, and re-thinking library workflows and services when Harvard migrated from Aleph, SFX, and Verde to Alma. I will share both lessons and successes from our experiences at Harvard.
Investigating Writing Style Development in High School.

In this paper we do the first large scale analysis of writing style development among Danish high school students. More than 10K students with more than 100K essays are analyzed. Writing style itself is often studied in the natural language processing community, but usually with the goal of verifying authorship, assessing quality or popularity, or other kinds of predictions. In this work, we analyze writing style changes over time, with the goal of detecting global development trends among students, and identifying at-risk students. We train a Siamese neural network to compute the similarity between two texts. Using this similarity measure, a student's newer essays are compared to their first essays, and a writing style development profile is constructed for the student. We cluster these student profiles and analyze the resulting clusters in order to detect general development patterns. We evaluate clusters with respect to writing style quality indicators, and identify optimal clusters, showing significant improvement in writing style, while also observing suboptimal clusters, exhibiting periods of limited development and even setbacks. Furthermore, we identify general development trends between high school students, showing that as students progress through high school, their writing style deviates, leaving students less similar when they finish high school, than when they start.
Knowing together

Knowing Together is a collection of sculptures designed to explore collaborative techniques for capturing three-dimensional images. Thirty-five participants collectively created these images by forming circles and passing a camera around. These images were stitched together to form 3D models whose distortions are preserved as artifacts attesting to their creation process, suggesting novel approaches to photogrammetry that do not treat photorealism as its ideal quality.
Application of broadband signals in telecommunication networks of video surveillance systems of information activity objects

The article provides a comparative analysis of the application of broadband and narrowband signals for the transmission of information in telecommunication networks.The advantages are shown by such indicators as energy concealment, noise immunity, and parametric concealment.Based on this, it was concluded that the use of broadband signals in telecommunication networks of video surveillance systems of information activity objects.
Hybrid Nonlinear Controller Design for Air Conditioning System

In this study, a nonlinear, intelligent and robust controller with a simple algorithm has been applied to the airconditioning system. The hybrid control algorithm is based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) method which uses the Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) method controller to define the initial weights of FCM controller. The proposed controller performance proved that the Fuzzy Cognitive Map-Generalized Predictive Control controller is suitable for Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output nonlinear system of an air-conditioning system and an optimum thermal comfort condition was obtained using the proposed control algorithm. Finally, the Fuzzy Cognitive Map-Generalized Predictive Control controller shows a successful results and applicable control design approach to the Nonlinear Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output air-conditioning system. This system managed to achieve desired temperature at 700 seconds with 0% error and desired humidity at 900 seconds with 5% error from 50% humidity.
DART Historical Archive Sizzle Reel

Video compilation of footage from news segments, interviews, and other sources with narration about the establishment of DART in 1983 and the creation of an online archive to document its history.
Hierarchy models

Hierarchy Models provide an encapsulation mechanism for joint hierarchies that yield an essential building block for procedural rigging. With Hierarchy Models, joints travel through dependency graphs (DGs) as an atomic entity. Operation nodes in the DG can modify all aspects of input hierarchy and even perform topological modifications like adding or removing joints. The Hierarchy Model reduces complexity in character rigs, improves separation between data and behavior, provides a clean interface, and simplifies understanding and debugging rigs. It offers geometric evaluation optimizations, and promotes parallelism in the DG structure.
블록체인 국제표준화 활동 현황

Blockchain enables encrypted, definitive, and immutable records of transactions to be shared and maintained across distributed nodes in peer-to-peer...
CLASSROOM DISCOURSE STRUCTURE IN MTS NEGERI RANTAUPRAPAT

This study is concerned with the classroom discourse structure in English lesson in MTS Negeri Rantauprapat. The objectives of this study were to describe the classroom discourse structure, to describe how the classroom discourse are realized by teacher and students and the reasons for the realizations of the way they are. The source of the data in this study were English teacher and also the students while the data of the study are the utterances from the teacher and the students and non verbal as marked in the text. The instruments used for collecting data were video tape recorder and researcher’s field note. The data were collected by observing and recording the utterances uttered by the teacher and students and writing all non verbal linguistic that teacher and students did in the classroom while teaching learning process and classified them into types of exchanges as Sinclair and Coulthard theory. The findings of this study showed that the classroom discourse structures were dominantly realized by Initiation and Response (IR) structure. It was reflected in Teacher direct, Teacher elicit and teacher information exchanges. was found that the classroom discourse structures were only three exchanges as most dominantly occurred are teacher direct, teacher elicit and teacher inform. The other exchanges occur are boundary (framing and focusing move), directive, informing, check, accept, react, reply, nomination, marker, bid and conclusion acts. There were some reasons why the realization as the ways they are. (1) The teacher as a centre of interaction in the learning teaching process which is dominantly than the students. (2) The teacher gives some question without any caring to the evaluation, appreciation and feedback that makes the students only answer the teacher’s question without any feedback to make dialogue not suitable with IRF structure. (3) Students have been disciplined not to speak in classes without a teacher’s direction, and most of them are unwilling to speak English.
The Effect of Quantum Teaching Model with the Camtasia Instructional Media and Learning Motivation on PPKn Subject Learning Outcomes in 7th Grade Student of Junior High School PGRI 4 Medan

The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of the quantum teaching model with camtasia instructional media and learning motivation on PPKn subject learning outcomes. This study is conducted in 7th grade student of junior high school PGRI 4 Medan with a population of 46 students. The sample in this study were 39 students is using purposive random sampling technique. The instruments of this study are learning outcomes tests and learning motivation questionnaires. This study uses quasi-experimental methods, while the research design uses Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Data analysis techniques used in this study are descriptive analysis and also non-parametric inferential statistics. This study is based on the 2013 curriculum teaching which gives authentic assessment to students which includes cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, therefore this study presents the acquisition of learning outcomes in terms of cognitive, affective, as well as psychomotor. There are 3 hypotheses that have been proven in this study including: PPKn learning outcomes of students taught using Quantum Teaching models with camtasia instructional media is more higher than the PPKn learning outcomes of students taught by using Quantum Teaching models with media images, PPKn learning outcomes of students who have high learning motivation is more higher than students who have low learning motivation, and there is an interaction between the Quantum Teaching learning model and camtasia instructional media and learning motivation on the PPKn learning outcomes of 7th grade student of junior high school PGRI 4 Medan. The conclusion show that the use of the Quantum Teaching Model with camtasia instructional media and learning motivation is very effected in improving learning outcomes both cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.
PEMBELAJARAN BERJARAK SEBAGAI KEJADIAN LITERASI: STUDI TENTANG PROGRAM VIRTUAL SHARING DI RUANG BELAJAR AQIL

The learning process changes from traditional becomes distance learning through the use of ICT. The learning process is part of knowledge management, both in individuals, groups and organizations. Ruang Belajar Aqil is a learning space for youth to learn from expertise dan practitioner in certain fields through Virtual Sharing activities. This research was conducted to find out information about distance learning as literacy event in RBA. Researchers used a qualitative approach to realize the concepts in this study. Researchers planned the result of this research can be used as program evaluation (Neuman, 2006), especially in the context of learning and learning for all parties involved.
Yara launches phone-based nitrogen sensor

The fertilizer firm Yara has launched a free smartphone app that helps farmers determine crop nitrogen needs by imaging their leaves with the phone’s camera. The YaraIrix system measures chlorophyll levels in winter wheat, rapeseed, corn, and barley during early growth stages. It returns an instant fertilizer dose recommendation. For later growth stages, growers can use a clip that goes over the phone’s camera to turn it into a nitrogen sensor.
Designing with the Body

In this dialogue with Dag Svanaes, Kristina Hook discusses topics covered in her book “Designing with the body: Somaesthetic Interaction Design”. She explains how she has made somaesthetics relevant to design, both as a theoretical foundation for embodied Interaction Design, and practically through the application of Feldenkrais and other soma practices to design practice.
Dadum

Dadum is a wearable AR experience that utilizes spatial tracking of the Hololensl to produce a unique AR mask-based social artwork. The artwork is a collection of masks, 3D recreations of the artist's deceased father, where users wear these AR masks as their avatar in a mixed reality multi-user space.
Governance Matters More than Development Constraints for Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 사하라이남아프리카(Sub-Saharan Africa; SSA) 국가들의 경제성장과 거버넌스 요인 간의 유의미한 상관관계를 확인하고, 특히나 주요하게 논의되어 온 발전제약요인들이 거버넌스의 수준에 따라 경제성장에 어떠한 다른 상관관계를 보여주는 지를 규명함으로서 국가경제발전에 있어서 거버넌스의 중요성을 재조명하고자 한다. 연구의 중요성: SSA지역은 오랫동안 만성적인 경제성장 부진을 겪고 오다 2000년을 기점으로 해당 지역의 평균 경제성장률이 세계 평균 경제성장률을 상회하였다. 그러나 많은 SSA국가들이 여전히 환경적/지리적 제약 조건 뿐만 아니라 외부충격 등 제반의 발전저해 요인들을 온전히 극복했다고 보기 어려우며, 많은 경우 다각화/산업고도화에 실패하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 지속가능하고 안정적인 성장이 유도하기 위한 개발정책적 시사점을 제공하고자 SSA국가들의 경제성장(또는 저해)요인에 대한 재탐색을 시도하고 발전제약요인들을 극복함에 있어 거버넌스가 가지는 중요도를 가늠하고자 한다. 연구방법론: 본 연구에서는 SSA국가의 발전제약요인을 외생적 요인(지리, 풍토, 식민제도 등의 초기 환경적 조건 또는 외부적 변수)과 이에 따른 내생적 요인(경제성장단계나 산업구조 등)으로 구분하여 각 요인의 경제 성장에 대한 효과를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과: 지리적 초기조건, 제도, 프랑스 식민역사, 풍토병과 같은 정책적 변수(무역의존도, ODA 의존도) 등이 SSA국가의 발전제약요인임을 재차 확인하였으며, 무엇보다도, 이러한 요인이 경제성장에 미치는 부정적 효과가 거버넌스 수준이 높은 국가에서는 상쇄 또는 극복될 수 있다는 점을 실증분석을 통해 확인하였다. 결론 및 시사점: 사하라이남 국가의 최근 경제성장의 차이는 이들 국가들이 처한 열악한 초기조건이나, 외부에서 발생된 발전제약 보다도 거버넌스의 개선에 의해 설명되고 있다. 이러한 결론은 거버넌스의 제고를 범분야로 적용하여 강조하고자 하는 UN 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)와 맞물려, SSA 국가를 대상으로 하는 국제개발협력과 SDGs 국제이행에서 거버넌스 개선을 위한 국제사회의 노력이 여전히 중요하고 SSA 국가의 발전과 성장에 유효하다는 점을 시사한다.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify a series of development constraints for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and to revisit the importance of governance quality that offsets the negative impacts of development constraints on economic growth in SSA. Originality: Over the last decade, SSA countries have gained momentum through significant economic growth. Some countries in the region, however, still struggle to upgrade their industrial structures and suffer from unfavorable initial conditions and external shocks. This study sheds light on the development challenges, especially faced by SSA, and draws implications regarding the role of good governance. Methodology: This study revisits the importance of the governance factor for economic growth in SSA. It reviews the existing literature to identify and categorize development constraints into two groups that are either exogenously or endogenously determined (namely, variables that initially or externally given). For empirical analysis, this study employs the Hausman-Taylor models and the Fixed Effects method. Result: According to the estimated results, SSA countries with better governance perform better in terms of economic growth, regardless of unfavorable development conditions. Conclusion and Implication: The results show that, regardless of various development constraints, governance quality remains critical to growth in SSA. Thus, for SSA countries to effectively overcome their development constraints, an effort to improve governance is highly recommended.
INVESTIGASI PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ICT

This study aims to 1) find out the strategies used to implement ICT-based learning in the Rotan 1 National High School; 2) find out the challenges and obstacles in their application. This research was conducted using inductive qualitative methods. Data collection is done by interview, observation, documentation study, and study of research results. The results of the study indicate that the strategies used to implement ICT-based learning include 1) Multimedia-Based Presentation Learning; 2) Learning through video media; 3) Blended e-Learning. While the obstacles and challenges faced include 1). Lack of equipment availability and maintenance funds; 2). Poor infrastructure; 3) hidden curriculum is difficult to develop.