Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
EFL teachers’ reasons for selecting instructional materials during the COVID-19 pandemic

EFL teachers’ reasons for selecting instructional materials during the COVID-19 pandemicThe COVID-19 pandemic has changed how teachers teach and students learn in the classroom. One of the challenges in the online teaching is that teachers are required to prepare the instructional materials for their students. This study aims at investigating the EFL teachers’ reasons for choosing the instructional materials in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. By employing a set of questionnaires, this study collected the data from 219 English teachers from various levels of education online via the google form link. The data collection was done for one month starting from 5 May to 5 June 2020. The data were analyzed through a content analysis by identifying, grouping, and categorizing similar and different responses. The results of analysis showed that the EFL teachers have five categories of reasons in selecting the instructional materials in the time of pandemic: the instructional materials should be easy, relevant, simple, attractive, and absent from crime, pornography, and viruses. These results suggest that the EFL teachers make use of these reasons in selecting and developing the instructional materials for their students during and after the pandemic. For future textbook developers, these considerations can be used a reference to develop textbooks which accommodate students’ voices and teachers’ voices during the online teaching and learning activities.Keywords: EFL, teachers, reasons, instructional materials, COVID-19Alasan-alasan guru bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing dalam memilih materi pembelajaran selama pandemi COVID-19Pandemi COVID-19 telah banyak mengubah bagaimana guru mengajar dan siswa belajar di dalam kelas. Salah satu tantangan dalam pembelajaran daring adalah guru harus menyiapkan materi pembelajaran untuk siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi alasan-alasan guru bahasa Inggris dalam memilih materi pembe­la­jaran selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Dengan memanfaatkan angket sebagai ins­trumen penelitian, data dikumpulkan dari 219 guru bahasa Inggris yang berasal dari berbagai tingkat satuan pendidikan. Angket didistribusikan kepada para guru secara daring mulai tanggal 5 Mei sampai 4 Juni 2020. Konten respon guru bahasa Inggris kemudian dianalisis dengan mengidentifikasi, mengelompokkan, dan meng­kategori­kan jawaban-jawaban yang sama dan berbeda. Hasil analisis menujukkan bahwa guru bahasa Inggris memiliki lima alasan dalam memilih materi pembelajaran selama pandemi COVID-19: materi pembelajaran harus mudah, relevan, sederhana, menarik, dan aman dari unsur kriminal, pornografi, dan virus. Berdasarkan hasil ini, guru ba­hasa Inggris disarankan menggunakan lima alasan ini dalam pemilihan dan pengem­bangan materi pembelajaran selama dan setelah pandemi COVID-19. Selain itu, pe­ngembang buku ajar juga disarankan menggunakan hasil ini sebagai referensi dalam mengembangkan buku ajar yang mengakomodasi perspektif para guru dan siswa.Kata kunci: bahasa Inggris, guru, alasan, materi pembelajaran, COVID-19
Teachers' Efforts in Fostering Students' Interest in Reading During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Class III Elementary School

This study aims to determine the reading interest of students during the covid-19 pandemic in class III SDN Gempol Klutuk and the teacher's efforts in fostering student interest in reading during the covid-19 pandemic in class III SDN Gempol Klutuk. The subjects of this study were principals, teachers, guardians and third grade students of SDN Gempol Klutuk. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with case study research methods with data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the low reading interest of third grade students at SDN Gempol Klutuk during the Covid-19 Pandemic, as well as the teacher's efforts to minimize the low interest in reading of students during the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Profile of Students' Science Process Skills in Science Learning in Junior High School

Science process skills are basic skills that students must have to be able to master and apply the scientific method in everyday life. The importance of mastering science process skills is because it is very influential on student learning outcomes. This study aims to describe the profile of students' science process skills in science learning. This research method uses quantitative methods with a survey approach. The location of the research was carried out at SMPN 3 Taman, Sepanjang, Sidoarjo. The data collection technique used is a test that has been tested for validity. From the results of the study showed that the science process skills of class VII students obtained an average of 51 in the sufficient category. class VIII obtained an average of 46 in the sufficient category. class IX obtained an average of 67 in the good category. From the results of data calculations using the One Way Anova test, the results obtained are Fcount (6.412476) &gt; Fcrit (3.554557) and P-value (0.007895) &lt; (0.05). So it can be stated that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. With a 95% confidence level and using a significance level of 5%, it can be stated that there is a difference in the average grades of the VII, VIII, and IX grades of the KPS test results.
The Relationship between Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Grade IV Elementary School Students

This study aims to determine the relationship of motivation to learning outcomes of fourth grade students at SDN Juwet Kenongo Porong Sidoarjo. This research uses quantitative research. The method used is ex post facto. The design used in this research is product moment correlation. The instrument used in the study was a questionnaire. The sample in this study were all fourth grade students at SDN Juwet Kenongo Porong Sidoarjo using a saturated sample. Data analysis techniques in this study used validity, reliability, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that motivation had a relationship with student learning outcomes.
Practical Predicament and Promotion Path of High-quality Development of Professional Degree Postgraduate Education in Hubei Province

As the endogenous development force and the main component of the postgraduate education system, the high-quality development of professional degree postgraduate education in Hubei Province is directly related to the overall development of the region and even the overall development of higher education in China. However, there are still some issues in the aspects of training institution, cultivation process, discipline, and specialty. In view of the series of issues that hinder the high-quality development of professional degree postgraduate education in Hubei Province, this research proposes specific practical paths such as insisting on innovative concepts, improving the professional degree training system, and clarifying the functional orientation of disciplines, to improve the quality of professional degree postgraduate education and meet the needs of the social and economic development of Hubei province for high-level applied talents.
Knowing group motivation using Bolzano method on PageRank computation

On the e-learning system, student assignments are collected, but problems arise that based on observations from two classes of database courses, 73% of students make plagiarism so lecturers need to give motivation to students. Self motivate is needed by with a group of students. For this reason, using a bolzano method or bisection method will provide an overview of the development of the plagiarism trend between groups of students based on scores on similarity score that compute by PageRank algorithm used by Google. Research method is carried out by conducting preliminary observations of plagiarism scores and creating markov matrix. PageRank compute this ranking and Bolzano method find the intersection of two eigenvalues. Bolzano results the maximum and minimum values on range of intervals where each group consists of 5 students. Experiments were conducted in 3 classes of database courses. Trend analysis found that the plagiarism score averaged 54% with a gradient of 3°, this is relatively small but when spread in different groups it becomes larger and student group have a higher plagiarism score. Results implies a way of looking student motivation based on the plagiarism score by a small groupto motivate each other.
Intercultural mediation as intercultural competence 1

This chapter discusses the theoretical developments in the field of intercultural communication in the last centuries, that have been summarized as a move from an essentialist conception of intercultural communication towards a non-essentialist conception. Therefore, five approaches to intercultural communication are introduced in relation to the concept of mediation. These are the contrastive approach, the cultural representation approach, the interactive approach, the multilingual approach and the transfer approach. The final three approaches are also elaborated with examples and case studies, since these contribute mostly to the concept of intercultural competence.
Using Virtual Reality Technologies for Teaching Computer Science at Secondary School

The article reveals the problem of using virtual reality technologies for teaching computer science at secondary school as an innovative technology. Some ways of using virtual reality technologies for computer science education were analyzed and researched. Accordingly, we have developed virtual reality software for teaching students spreadsheets, algorithms and programming. Evaluation of the virtual reality tools use effectiveness for teaching computer science at secondary school and identifying ways to improve the components of the scientific and methodological system of teaching computer science were carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics. The innovative nature of the virtual reality technologies use is a methodological condition for increasing students’ interest in learning, intensifying the learning process, revealing their cognitive, intellectual and personal potential, as well as the development of digital competencies, independence and more. The authors emphasize that the use of virtual reality technologies requires a thorough development of the virtual learning environment, detailed selection of learning content and its adaptation to specific groups of students. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, possible ways of effective system implementation of virtual reality technologies for teaching computer science at secondary school are identified, which includes selection of methods, digital tools, adaptation of theoretical material, development of individualized and creative tasks.
Mixing of Building Blocks and Single-Point Crossover

Ensuring building-block (BB) mixing is critical to the success of genetic and evolutionary algorithms. This study develops facetwise models to predict the BB mixing time and the population sizing dictated by BB mixing for single-point crossover. Empirical results are used to validate these models. The population-sizing model suggests that for moderate-to-large problems, BB mixing—instead of BB decision making and BB supply—bounds the population size required to obtain a solution of constant quality. Furthermore, the population sizing for single-point crossover scales as O(2km1.5), where k is the BB size and m is the number of BB.
Evolutionary Computation: Current Research and Open Issues

The field of evolutionary computation is currently a dynamic and vibrant area of research and applications. In this paper we provide a brief summary of the current state of the field and identify a number of important new directions for research and applications.
The problem of economic literacy development of children and youth

The article presents the urgency of the problem of improving thequality of economic education in educational institutions of different types under modern social challenges regarding the cooperation of society and nature, forecasting economic development of regions, organization of production taking into account environmental and socio-economic preconditions. The study used methods of conceptual and comparative analysis, as well as psycho diagnostic methods. Theoretical aspects of forming children’s basics of economic (financial) literacy taking into account social and geographical factors are substantiated. Some features of the development of schoolchildren’s economic thinking in the course of their training (rationalism, practicality, variability, problem character, etc.) are defined. The essence of the economic culture of student youth is outlined and the necessity to create an educational environment of the educational institution for its development is emphasized. The results of the empirical study on the state of the outlined problem in school practice are presented. It was found out that the formation of economic literacy in primary and secondary school involves students mastering general knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for their lives.
The Role of Online Debates in the Formation of Future Philologists’ Professional Competences

The purpose of the articlewas to test the effectiveness of the influence of pedagogical conditions for online debates on the formation of future philologists’ professional competencies.Methods used:pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, and students' self-assessment methods, mathematical and statistical methods for research results processing (t-Student's criterion), interviews, questionnaires. Dialogicality (communicative level) was estimated by L. Michelson test and by the method of diagnostics of “General Communicative Tolerance” by V. V. Boyko. Results. In an experiment, it was found that, after the secondary survey, 33.75% of respondents view online debates as educational technology and 26.25% of respondents explain their participation in the debates by the desire to improve communication skills. When analyzing the results of the secondary survey, it was found that such qualities as determination, tolerance, and sociability are in the lead. Comparing the design value and critical value of the Criterion t and T-Critical, we have taken that T≤T-Critical, and therefore accepted the hypothesis of different average values in the two frames.
APLIKASI AUGMENTED REALITY PENGENALAN HEWAN BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN LIBRARY VUFORIA

This world consists of various kinds of living things, there are humans, animals and plants. There are many types of animals in this world. In contrast to the declining animal species, computer technology continues to evolve over time. Computer technology helps a lot in the learning of school children and early childhood. Learning applications are now very developed and easy to find, for example learning applications for smartphone devices. Augmented reality technology is one that is currently being developed and applied. Augmented reality has a positive impact with its potential to project objects such as text, images, videos, and 3D objects in the real world. Application development using augmented reality technology requires a marker. Markers can be in the form of 2D images, locations, objects around us, or in the form of text. Vuforia SDK is a software that can detect an image or text. In this study, the marker used is no longer in the form of an image, but the marker used is in the form of print-out text. The concept is that users simply type the name of the animal on another device or are allowed to print the name of the animal, then scan it with a device that has this augmented reality application installed. This application was built using the waterfall method. Testing is done by using the blackbox technique. The result of this research is the application of augmented reality animal recognition with this print-out textmarker can run well.
Cfcv - Statistical Data-Driven Approach Towards Participation, Inclusion and Reciprocity in Machine Learning Experiment

Many reasonable and valid arguments about the reliability of machine prognosis performances exist globally due to arguable algorithm bias or unfairness. The sources of algorithm unfairness include but are not limited to; data-inconsistent biases, diversity biases, under-representation, splitting bias, coding/design bias based on human predefine bias and conceived opinion, among others. Consequently, the study considers the linkage of inclusion, participation, and reciprocity in data splitting with respect to a sensitive attribute to cater for representation in splitting. Thus, the study develops a simple but robust data-driven technique (a new CV procedure) to update the gaps in the literature and promote an improved algorithmic implementation system that caters for representation by proposing participation, inclusion, and reciprocity - PIR in the sample, algorithmic development and in validation, respectively. The study performed a simulation experiment and application example and did a comparative performance analysis with the two most notable CV techniques - V-fold and Hold-Out. The study finds that CfCV outperforms V-fold and Hold-Out in experiment and application studies. The study recommends that machine learning experiments would be fairer if the concept of PIR becomes the foundation of the learning framework to which the machine learning systems are built. It would ensure that every unit (no matter the proportion of representativeness) within the training or historical set is cared for in the training and validation of the machine learning experiment. And would reduce the inadvertent bias in the application or implementation of the learning outcome in real life.
Procedural Programming

The backbone of behavioral description and data manipulation in the Verilog-A language is procedural programming. It resembles in many ways programming languages that declare a set of variables and use a sequence of procedural statements to execute certain computations or algorithms. While variables may be declared along with parameters in the module body, the procedural statements in Verilog-A are encapsulated within procedural blocks. This chapter introduces the procedural blocks and procedural statements for variable assignment and control flow. The control flow statements allow selection between alternative courses as well as repetition of procedural statement execution.
Parameters

Verilog-A provides parameters as module runtime basic type constants. Parameters allow a module to be reused with a different specification and to customize a module's structural and behavioral descriptions for different functionalities. The module instantiation and hierarchical parameter override allow changing values of parameters at the elaboration time to have values that are different from those specified in the parameter declarations. Verilog-A also provides system parameters that are implicitly declared for every module.
Derivative and Integral Operators

The branch potential and flow signals represent the system state space in the Verilog-A behavioral models. The state of a system is defined at every moment in time by a finite number of equations involving not only algebraic relationships of signal values but also differentiation and integration operations on the instantaneous values of the branch signals. To this end, Verilog-A provides time derivative and integral operators which can be used in procedural expressions. There is also a special application of time derivative and integral operators in indirect contribution equations. The additional probe derivative operator allows to access the first-order partial derivatives of any expression in the model with respect to branch signals.
Effects of Cognitive Rehabilitation Using Virtual Reality on Cognition and Perception in the Elderly With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional cognitive stage that appears between normal aging and early Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive functions other than memory are normal and there is no difficulty in daily life, but management is needed to delay the transition to dementia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive rehabilitation using immersive virtual reality on the cognitive function and visual perception of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and to compare them with traditional cognitive rehabilitation. In this study, a total of 64 elderly people aged 65 and over who visited 4 rehabilitation hospitals and dementia safety centers located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk were selected. As a result of the study, cognitive function showed a significant improvement in the experimental group, and visual perception function showed a significant improvement in both the experimental group and the control group. Cognitive rehabilitation using immersive virtual reality can present another strategy for improving the cognitive function and visual perception of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
Improved determination of the weights in a clustering approach based on a weighted dissimilarity measure between fuzzy data

In the literature, a popular dissimilarity measure between each pair of fuzzy data is defined as a weighted sum of the squared Euclidean distances among the centers and the spreads. The flexible weights introduced by D’Urso and Giordani in [Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 50 (2006) 1496–1523] may be helpful in certain situations as shown in that paper. The flexible weights are obtained by the minimization algorithm, and a larger weight is given to the center distance than the spread one.In the present study, the weights are proposed to be fixed and equal to 0.5, which can contribute to higher performances of clustering methods in some cases. For instance, where the distance among the spreads is longer than that among the centers, i.e., the centers do not play a relevant role while the spreads play the predominant role, it is clear that a clustering method that takes the advantage of equal weights would outperform the other. Indeed, when there is no external condition, choosing the weights fixed and equal to 0.5 would be the best strategy.To deeply investigate our claim, we provide a wide simulation study to show whether and under what circumstances the flexible weights are (not) helpful. The results furnished by numerical experiments on both simulated and benchmark datasets demonstrate the merit of using the fixed and equal to 0.5 weights suggested in the present paper.
Digital Transformation of Identity: A Crisis Mechanism

The inability to perform identity management in an organization results in extreme harm to information and operational security – both individual and organization are harmed. We apply a highly-structured ontological systems approach to explore the implications of identity as it is embedded and used in operational and support infrastructures. The symptoms of a deep-seated insufficiency of identity (access denial, long-waits for adjudication, lost files) have fostered a naïve appreciation for managing a person’s individuality, distinguishable attributes, validity metrics, trustworthiness, privacy concerns, intentionality, character, and roles. A multidisciplinary definition of identity was developed and evaluated through a stimulus-response / response-stimulus (SR-RS) model. The model results suggest why interactions of one’s identity within different contexts present the single, most reliable opportunity for managing identity within a mereological paradigm. Specifically, enacting mechanisms of assertion and ascertainment through processes and directives illustrates why both extensional and intensional logics are necessary for a proper mix of digital and analog mechanisms. Certain digital transformations within the SR-RS model clarify how identity interactions can be used to enable new security structures by applying intensional logic. Whereas complete reliance on extensional logic – user name, fingerprint, passwords, and tokens – results in a demonstrably less secure environment. Identity and trust are essential factors for communicating identity.