Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Viterbi Algorithm for Communication System

The method of decoding by Viterbi is used in areas like convolutional codes in digital TV, wireless local area networks, satellite communication, mobile relay. Also, the method is used in the development of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and storage systems that work automatically. For Viterbi decoder-based architectures with low latency and complexity, which proposes error detection techniques that are effective. This paper explores the Viterbi algorithm which has two types of approaches for two types of subparts. Important aspects of any communication system are area/power consumption and throughput /efficiency. Minimization of these aspects is the need for an efficient system. This paper explores unwanted logical block reduction by modifying the present logical block. This paper explores signature-based approaches which result in acceptable efficiency. Also, another approach is used to achieve error detection in permanent and transient faults. This error detection is achieved by recomputing with encoded operands. Encoding means the use of shifting operation or the use of rotation operation. This approach makes the system slightly reliable and efficient.
A Study on the Semantic Features of Chinese "连NP都VP" Sentence - Centered on the negative (anti-anticipatory) construction of “连” Sentence

“连” sentence is a common sentence pattern in Chinese. There are several forms of “连” sentence, among which "连NP都V" is the most commonly used. The main function of the “连” sentence is to make the other party trust the things or situations they describe via expressing extreme situations. For native speakers, the “连” sentence is frequently used as a very efficient expression. For foreign students, it is a sentence pattern difficult to master, let alone use flexibly. It has been observed that most foreign students choose ordinary descriptive sentences to express when they need to use “连” sentence, which greatly reduces the efficiency of expression. The main purpose of this paper is to help Chinese learners to better understand and use the “连” sentence by examining the semantic features of the “连” sentence. Through the research on a large number of corpora, this paper finds that in Chinese "连NP都V", the structure of V is mainly in negative sentences such as "“不V”, “没V”, “V不了”, “V不起来” and etc; otherwise, although the sentences in an affirmative form, the predicate with negative semantics is mainly used. From the diachronic development of grammar and pragmatics, this paper studies and reveals the source of the negative semantic feature of “连” sentence. The research value of this paper lies in the detailed analysis of the semantic features of the “连” sentence, to fill the insufficient in-depth research on the semantic characteristics of the “连” sentence in the academic circle, and provide fundamental data and new angle for the “连” sentence research.
The Education Strategy of Chinese Productive Vocabulary for Korean Learners (an education method using native productive vocabulary)

The basic purpose of foreign language learning is to improve communication skills. Communication is made up of sentences as a basic unit, and to compose a sentence, learning about vocabulary, which is the basic material of a sentence, should be prepared first. Therefore, the importance of vocabulary education in foreign language learning is quite essential. Recently, although the demand for foreign language ‘expressive competence (speaking and writing)’ is increasing, in the existing lexical education, as education centered on ‘understanding vocabulary’ is still being conducted, the ‘productive vocabulary, which is the basis of ‘expressive competence’, is not particularly emphasized. Therefore, this study attempts to discuss the necessity of a ‘productive vocabulary education method that can play a direct role in improving ‘expressive competence’ and how to use the mother tongue ‘productive vocabulary in teaching a foreign language ‘productive vocabulary’. In Chapter 2, in terms of what is ‘lexical competence’ obtained through lexical education, this study first examines how vocabulary is stored in the mind of language users, in Chapter 3, this study understands the characteristics of ‘productive vocabulary through comparison with ‘comprehensive vocabulary’, and then based on the contents of Chapters 2 and 3, in Chapter 4, in teaching the productive vocabulary of the second language, this study attempts to discuss why it is necessary to utilize the productive vocabulary of the mother tongue. In addition, this study intends to propose some suggestions on how to use the Korean productive vocabulary, which is the mother tongue, for the Chinese productive vocabulary education of Korean learners.
A novel effectiveness evaluation method of smokescreen jamming based on the fusion of directional gradients and local texture features

Smokescreen jamming is one of the most common types of interference in optical imaging. However, there are few tools available to assess the effectiveness of optical imaging in the presence of smoke screen interference, and most of them are qualitative in nature. There is an urgent need for targeted quantitative assessment methods. Therefore, a novel effectiveness evaluation method of smoke screen jamming (EEMSSJ) based on the histogram of oriented gradient and local binary pattern feature is proposed. According to the influence on the tracking effect, the proposed method weights and fuses the directional gradient histogram feature, texture feature, cosine similarity, and luminance feature of the image and finally obtains the EEMSSJ index. The EEMSSJ index provides a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of smoke screen interference from an image perspective, which can effectively improve the accuracy of the analysis and judgment of the smokescreen jamming situation and provide a strong reference basis for making timely adjustments to the interference deployment. The effectiveness of the proposed method and the EEMSSJ index are validated by experiments. Experimental results show that the EEMSSJ index can achieve a high level of agreement with the subjective assessment of the experimental data and possess high sensitivity and robustness. The EEMSSJ index provides a more accurate representation of the dynamic disturbance of the smoke screen than the correlation assessment method and the multi-scale structural similarity method.
Banking on a digital currency

Stablecoins are pegged to an underlying asset and they are inherently more stable than crypto as an asset. Another facet of stablecoins is emerging; their potential use by central banks to create a central bank digital currency (CBDC). A CBDC would integrate into existing payment systems used by financial institutions and would be relatively risk-free; backed by a central bank, like physical banknotes and coins. This article discusses Britcoin, the UK&apos;s potential CBDC. It is still in the theoretical stage of development; however, its establishment is feasible and is thus firmly on the radar of the Bank of England. The potential benefits are discussed which include the low costs, speed of transacting and promoting consumer choice. However, concerns have been raised which involve, control and programmability which can affect the privacy of an individual. Cash is non-traceable, unless there is a privacy layer introduced, the same cannot be said of a Britcoin. Stakeholders, individuals, businesses, and government have much to gain from the introduction of CBDCs but only if implemented within a strong governance structure.
Investigating the use of Spatialized Audio Augmented Reality to enhance the outdoor running experience

Recent years have seen increasing interest in the use of Virtual Reality technology to enhance the experience of physical exercise activities. When such technologies are used, they are traditionally employed to an indoor setting. In this study, we investigate the use of Spatialized Audio Augmented Reality (AAR) to allow users to compete against their past running records in real time. An experiment study was carried out where 84 participants used the AAR system to compete against a virtual opponent generated using (1) their previous best record, (2) an enhanced version of their previous best record, (3) the previous best record of another user in comparison to (4) a control group. The results showed that while the Augmented Reality conditions did significantly enhance the running performance of users, it did not outperform the traditional training experience to a significant degree. In terms of user experience, participants competing in AAR against their past best record and an enhanced version of their previous best record reported a higher level of tension but did not feel more challenge or competence. After reflecting upon the design of our system, we then highlight several insights regarding the use and design of AAR to promote running related exercise activities.
Comparison of Metaheuristics Techniques and Agent-Based Approaches

Agent-based models represent new approaches to characterize systems through simple rules. Under such techniques, complex global behavioral patterns emerge from the agent interactions produced by the rules.
Processing Long Legal Documents with Pre-trained Transformers: Modding LegalBERT and Longformer

Pre-trained Transformers currently dominate most NLP tasks. They impose, however, limits on the maximum input length (512 sub-words in BERT), which are too restrictive in the legal domain. Even sparse-attention models, such as Longformer and BigBird, which increase the maximum input length to 4,096 sub-words, severely truncate texts in three of the six datasets of LexGLUE. Simpler linear classifiers with TF-IDF features can handle texts of any length, require far less resources to train and deploy, but are usually outperformed by pre-trained Transformers. We explore two directions to cope with long legal texts: (i) modifying a Longformer warm-started from LegalBERT to handle even longer texts (up to 8,192 sub-words), and (ii) modifying LegalBERT to use TF-IDF representations. The first approach is the best in terms of performance, surpassing a hierarchical version of LegalBERT, which was the previous state of the art in LexGLUE. The second approach leads to computationally more efficient models at the expense of lower performance, but the resulting models still outperform overall a linear SVM with TF-IDF features in long legal document classification.
The impact of environmental costs dimensions on the financial performance of Iraqi industrial companies with the role of environmental disclosure as a mediator

This study aims to examine the impact of environmental costs dimensions on the financial performance of Iraqi industrial companies with the role of environmental disclosure as a mediator. The data was collected from annual reports of 25 selected companies of the Iraqi stock exchange and oil sector from 2014 to 2018. The results show that the average percentage of environmental disclosure in the industrial companies selected in this study was 20.0 % and the mean found was 20.2 %. The results also showed that environmental costs (contingent costs and external social costs) positively influence financial performance, while contingent costs, social costs, hidden costs, and Image &amp; relationship costs show a positive influence on environmental disclosure. The findings revealed that environmental disclosure was positively significant in affecting financial performance. It was found that environmental disclosure fully mediated the relationship between environmental costs (hidden costs and Image &amp; relationship costs) and financial performance. Environmental disclosure partially mediated the relationship between environmental costs (Contingent costs, and social costs) and financial performance. There is no mediation of environmental disclosure for the impact of Conventional costs on financial performance. It was also found that environmental disclosure mediated the impact of environmental costs (Conventional costs, Image &amp; relationship costs, and External social costs) on financial performance. This indicates advantages for companies that produce less moderate environmental disclosure and enables them to gain investors’ confidence. This study's implications provide insights into the implementation of the measurement of environmental costs and environmental disclosure in Iraq.
Model to Identify the Profile of Countermeasures for Information Leakage in Financial Organizations

The purpose of this study is to design a maturity model of objective controls that can play the role of a driver to improve the cybersecurity readiness of an enterprise. This implies that the design of the maturity model must be tailored to specific capabilities. In this article, we review the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework in order to provide objective cybersecurity controls to protect security against data leakage attacks. Subsequently, we examine the articles available in cybersecurity and present guidelines that develop types of exercises, objective profile and specific recommendations at each level of preparation of the objective controls. The proposed model manages to facilitate the reinforcement of cybersecurity risk management practices, reduce the misuse of resources and lead to an improvement in capabilities.
Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic system using vertical single-axis solar tracker in Himachal Pradesh, India

It is necessary to use solar energy efficiently and there are no other better ways than solar photovoltaic systems employed with solar trackers. Solar trackers can help photovoltaic modules mounted on any surface to track the sun path and point the module face toward the sun to obtain maximum energy generation. A comparative study of static solar panels and tracked solar panels using a vertical single-axis solar tracker is presented in this chapter. The design of a vertical single-axis solar tracker using Arduino uno microcontroller is also discussed in this chapter along with a flow chart for Arduino programming and a block diagram for the functioning of the tracker system. In this work, the output of both vertically tracked panels and static panels is compared for the location of Himachal Pradesh, India. This study shows that about 23% more energy can be harvested as compared to static panels when using a vertical axis solar tracker during a clear sky day. Additional energy gain was found during the morning and evening. While during noon time both panels generated quite a similar amount of power. When clouds are in the sky, it is observed that both vertically tracked and static panels generated approximately equal amounts of energy because both the panels had the same tilt angle. As compared to static panels, vertically tracked panel was economically superior.
22 Discourse traditions in the history of Italian

The chapter consists of three parts. The first one dwells on the reception of the notion of discursive tradition in Italian historical linguistics; the second explores the points of contact between traditional historical-linguistic descriptions and the theory of discursive traditions. The last part tackles a particular type of discursive traditions: formulas. After defining the concept of formula, it presents three case studies that highlight the contribution of the formulaic component to linguistic change: i) the change from a present participle to a preposition or connective; ii) the development of constructions with taxonomic nouns; iii) the rise of the absolute use of free-choice indefinite pronouns. In all three cases, formulas used in particular discourse genres (juridical and scientific) favour the diffusion of lexical-grammatical patterns that then become part of the grammar of Italian.
Internet of Things-based vehicular technology (IoV): introduction and its scope

Several changes have occurred in the automobile business over the past decade. Internet of Things (IoT) devices has been employed in a wide range of applications. As automobiles become increasingly automated and sophisticated due to smart devices being used in their technology, however, the term "intelligent automation" refers to automatically responding to user inquiries by taking necessary action to decrease or avoid any casualties in the event of an accident. Here we present a comprehensive discussion of IoT-based vehicles or the importance of IoT-based vehicular technology. Researchers can use this chapter to gain new insights into IoT-based vehicles. Aside from the broad application of machine learning and deep learning, IoT-based vehicles are typically equipped with these concepts so that they can respond quickly to any user queries or increase their efficiency.
Review of Betz, Deppermann, Mondada &amp; Sorjonen (2021): OKAY across Languages: Toward a Comparative Approach to its Use in Talk-in-interaction

Abstract This article reviews OKAY across Languages: Toward a Comparative Approach to its Use in Talk-in-interaction 978-90-272-0815-6
A Study of the Regal System Issues and Directionality in the Era of New Media: Focusing on the Discussion of the Reliability Improvement Division of the Special Committee on the Press and Media in the National Assembly

본 연구는 뉴미디어 관련 기존 법안 검토, 핵심의제 발굴, 정책 방향성 설정을 위해 전문가들이 토론하고 의견을 수렴하는 것이 필요하다는 판단 아래, 2021년 9월 29일 여야 합의에 따라 구성한 『국회 언론·미디어 제도개선 특별위원회』의 자문위원회인 "미디어신뢰도개선분과"의 논의를 중심으로 뉴미디어시대의 주요 법제도 이슈를 점검하고 정책 방향성을 검토하였다. 언론중재 및 피해구제 등에 관한 법률에서는 열람차단청구권, 징벌적 손해배상, 고의중과실 추정, 정정보도 등의 방식 규정을 다루었고, 정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률에서는 허위조작정보에 대한 처벌 및 삭제 요구권 신설, 포털의 기사추천 및 편집 제한, 허위·명예훼손 정보 등에 대한 손해배상 강화를 다루었다. 또한 신문 등의 진흥에 관한 법률에서는 인터넷뉴스서비스의 기사배열 공정성 확보, 언론 종사자의 편집권 강화, 해외기업의 인터넷뉴스서비스사업자 등록을 다루었다. 본 연구에서는 언론 자유와 개인 권리 보호의 현실적 이익균형을 강조하면서, 언론이 사회적 책임을 다하도록 이를 규율하는 협력적 규제 모델을 검토하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 논의를 바탕으로, 공적규제와 자율규제 공존을 통한 균형 잡힌 규제, 시장획정 및 언론의 신뢰성·공정성 평가를 위한 기초자료 제공, 자율공시제도를 통한 기반조성, 미디어리터러시 교육의 대상 확대 및 적극적 활용을 제안하였다. This study investigated the regal system issues and directionality discussed in the Reliability Improvement Division of the Special Parliamentary Committee on the Press and Media in 2022. The Act on Press Arbitration and Remedies dealt with the right to claim for blocking news article access, punitive damages for media reports, intentional or gross negligence of the press, and correction reports. The Act on Information and Communication Network dealt with the introduction of punitive damages for false defamation information, etc., and regulation on the distribution of false manipulation information. The Act on the Promotion of Newspapers dealt with securing the fairness of the arrangement of articles in Internet news service, strengthening the editorial rights of media employees, and Internet news service business registration of foreign companies. This research discussed on the balancing the practical interests of the freedom of speech and protecting individual rights and cooperation with the media in fulfilling social responsibility. Based on the discussion, it proposed the balanced regulation through coexistence of public and autonomous regulations, the provision of basic data through market definition and evaluation of the reliability and fairness of the media, the establishment of foundation through self-disclosure system, and the expanded and actively utilized media literacy education.
Research on New Product Development of Food Manufacturing Hidden Champions Using Business TRIZ

In the new product development of food manufacturing Hidden Champions, the Business TRIZ was found to improve the performance of new product development regardless of the size of the enterprise. Specifically, first, it was found that both the case where internal members had a Business TRIZ thinking and Business TRIZ an diffused organizational culture had a positive effect on improving the performance of new product development. Second, the effect of Business TRIZ on new product development performance was found to be independent of the number of employees or the size of sales.BR This study empirically analyzes the effect of Business TRIZ on new product development performance of Hidden Champions operating in the food manufacturing industry. It is also expected to be able to suggest new alternatives that can increase the success rate of new product development to managers and practitioners of Hidden Champions.
The Process of Mendeleev's Discovery

The process of scientific discovery is, for the most part, exclusively approached from the perspective of its scientific content, logical structure, or sociological processes (social epistemology). Undeniably, these approaches are not without merit. However, the rich psychological and social context of such discoveries is too often considered utterly unrelated or merely incidental to the scientific and logical, and therefore, underappreciated if not neglected. This paper attempts to look at the process of Dimitri Mendeleev’s discovery of the periodic table precisely from the underappreciated social and psychological dimensions. These include Mendeleev’s patriotic and pedagogical motivations, his conceptual development in light of his intellectual zeitgeist, his positivist trajectory revealing his philosophical commitments, the immediate conditions and circumstances of his discovery, his psychological processes and how they correspond to the representational devices he used, his thematic commitments and aesthetic ideals, and his personal and intellectual dispositions. Furthermore, an attempt is made to look at these dimensions not only in relation to the scientific and the logical, but also in relation to each other.
5 Discourse traditions in synchrony

The study of DTs in synchrony confirms that all language use follows historical models. Patterns of speaking and writing that emerge today in public and private spaces are here considered to represent translingual practices as their form is reshaped in interaction within and across different languages. While the medial choice between speaking and writing is ineluctably dichotomous, the conceptualization of spoken and written language use forms a continuum. Changing materiality, particularly in the digital environment, fuels the creativity of authors and their interlocutors, who develop new routines. The growing diversity of multimodal resources integrated in everyday language practice supports the emergence of new combinations that transform DTs and the communicative household of the community to which they belong. Consequently, DTs are part of an essential identity-conferring language use that is individually or collectively (per)formed. We unfold two case studies representing language use in public and private spheres respectively. In Brazil, recent research shows how private conversation transferred by a messaging service, an emerging DT with a digital support, has changed the ways of interacting. New language routines emerge and may conventionalize, thus creating a new DT. In Europe and in Latin America, zoo guides are now displayed on websites. This digital materiality stipulates a significant reduction with regard to their precedent printed form. In both cases, however, language use still retains several descriptive, directive and instructional functions from precursory DTs.
African corporates face rising ransomware risks

Headline INT: African corporates face rising ransomware risks