Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
How to Tell Easy from Hard: Complexities of Conjunctive Query Entailment in Extensions of ALC

It is commonly known that the conjunctive query entailment problem for certain extensions of (the well-known ontology language) ALC is computationally harder than their knowledge base satisfiability problem while for others the complexities coincide, both under the standard and the finite-model semantics. We expose a uniform principle behind this divide by identifying a wide class of (finitely) locally-forward description logics, for which we prove that (finite) query entailment problem can be solved by a reduction to exponentially many calls of the (finite) knowledge base satisfiability problem. Consequently, our algorithm yields tight ExpTime upper bounds for locally-forward logics with ExpTime-complete knowledge base satisfiability problem, including logics between ALC and µALCHbregQ (and more), as well as ALCSCC with global cardinality constraints, for which the complexity of querying remained open. Moreover, to make our technique applicable in future research, we provide easy-to-check sufficient conditions for a logic to be locally-forward based several versions of the on model-theoretic notion of unravellings. Together with existing results, this provides a nearly complete classification of the “benign” vs. “malign” primitive modelling features extending ALC, missing out only the Self operator. We then show a rather counter-intuitive result, namely that the conjunctive entailment problem for ALCSelf is exponentially harder than for ALC. This places the seemingly innocuous Self operator among the “malign” modelling features, like inverses, transitivity or nominals.
Mediating Role of Leadership Style on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Public Service Sector

This study examined the relationships between transformational and transactional leadership and organizational citizenship behavior in the Public Service Sector of Sierra Leone.&#x0D; While most prior studies have examined transformational leadership-organizational citizenship behavior and transactional leadership-organizational citizenship behavior relationships in developed countries from the western world, testing the mediating inﬂuence of transactional and transformational leaderships on employees’ citizenship behaviors in public sector organizations in Africa remains scarce.&#x0D; It also tries to ﬁll a critical research gap in human resource management by focusing on a non-western context. The constructs: transformational and transactional leadership, organizational citizenship behavior are not very familiar in the human resource research domain in Sierra Leone as opposed to other styles of leadership like Autocratic, Laissez faire etc that are commonly used. Consequently, the broader objective of this research was to examine the links between transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational citizenship behavior at the Public Service Sector in Sierra Leone.&#x0D; To enrich the debate further, this study explored the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles and employees’ organizational citizenship behavior.&#x0D; The research questions focused on the correlation between leadership styles and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).&#x0D; To achieve the objective of the research, a case study research design was used; Quantitative research technique also used; the main variables in the study were used to design a questionnaire in collecting the data: using a sample population of 250 through simple random sampling to conduct this study. This research followed a structural equation model (SEM) approach with validity and reliability tests done to validate the data before testing the hypothesis.&#x0D; The survey planet - a virtual data analysis software was used to analyze the completed online survey items. It has an automated analysis system. The likert scale of 1 to 5 was used to gauge responses from respondents. Statistical analysis method is used for the analysis. Based on the results obtained, the study deduces implications for both theory and practice. Hence, all public service institutions must raise managers' awareness and train them properly so that they can eﬃciently improve and manage the aﬀairs of the institution.&#x0D; Limitations and suggestions for upcoming studies have been discussed.
The Effect Of Mind Mapping Technique On Student’s Abiity In Comprehending Narrative Text At Eight Grade Of SMP Negeri 12 Pematang Siantar

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of mind mapping techniques on students' abiity to understand narrative texts in class VIII of SMP Negeri 12 Pematang Siantar. It combines the quantitative research method with the qualitative design-experimental. The Quasi-experimental method is definitive because researcher treat samples differently and compare effects on those samples. By using a purposive sampling technique, the sample that wil be used in this research consists of two classes, namey VIII-3 for the Experimental class and VIII-9 for the control class at SMP Negeri 12 Pematang Siantar. This data was obtained from the resuts of students' research before and after the research. Researcher found that the use of Mind Mapping Techniquu had a major impact on students' abiity to use the teephone. In particuar, they found the general structure of stories reated to class VIII at SMP Negeri 12 Pematang Siantar. Mind Mapping technology also heps students understand the material, makes students more active in class, and creates an inteligent learning atmosphere for students. With a significance leve of 5%, the T-calcuated value is greater than the T-table (2.41 higher than 1.672), and the post-research average score for the experimental class is 78.16 and the post-research average score for the control class is 64.66. The standard error of mean difference is 5.32. It also shows that (Ho) is rejected and (Ha) is accepted.
Pengaruh Kesiapan Guru Mengajar dan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Pematang Siantar

This research aims to determine the influence of teacher readiness to teach and student learning motivation on student learning outcomes in the Class X Economics subject at SMA Negeri 4 Pematangsiantar. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research with an associative approach and research design using a survey design. The population in this study was 72 students. The sample in this study was 72 students. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The data in this study were analyzed using normality tests, multicollinearity tests, heteroscedasticity tests, multiple linear regression tests, partial tests, simultaneous tests and determinant tests. The research results show that there is an influence of teacher teaching readiness on student Economics learning outcomes with tcount &gt; ttable (2.233 &gt; 1.990). Furthermore, there is an influence of student learning motivation on student Economics learning outcomes with tcount &gt; ttable (2.609 &gt; 1.990). and there is an influence between teacher readiness to teach and student learning motivation on student Economics learning outcomes with Fcount &gt; Ftable (3.783 &gt; 3.110).
Research on the International Education Mode of Wuhan Institute of Technology under the Background of "the Belt and Road"

With the advancement of China's reform and opening up, the internationalization of higher education has become an inevitable trend. In the context of the "Belt and Road" construction, the importance of internationalization of higher education is more prominent. As a key university in Hubei Province, Wuhan Institute of Technology has disciplinary advantages and resource advantages. Actively promoting international education can improve education quality and educational level, and promote the university to find new development opportunities under the background of the "Belt and Road" construction, which has important theoretical and practical significance for the study of the international education model of Wuhan Institute of Technology. In this paper, PESTEL analysis, 360-degree feedback theory and value chain methods are used to analyze the specific practice and related policies of international education in Wuhan Institute of Technology University, aiming to provide reference for other universities to carry out international education and promote the overall development of higher education internationalization in our country.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN PERPUSTAKAAN BERDASARKAN PERATURAN NO. 24 TAHUN 2007 OLEH MENTERI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL (Studi Kasus di MAN Pekalongan)

Today's development of the era makes the world of education vying to improve quality. One way is to carry out good management and improvement in fulfilling the facilities and infrastructure. As well as supporting facilities and infrastructure in the educational institution. For this reason, through Regulation of the Minister of National Education No. 24 of 2007, the government sets the standard for infrastructure in an educational institution. With this regulation, the government hopes that every school can manage and provide facilities and infrastructure by the guidelines listed. This is like the management of school facilities and infrastructure in the library. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with source analysis through data collected by observation, interviews, and documentation. Then the available data is processed by reduction, presentation, and conclusion techniques. The results are that the Implementation of Library Management at MAN Pekalongan is guided by the Regulation of the Minister of National Education No. 24 of 2007. The stages are planning procurement, regulation, use, deletion, and structuring. In the procurement process, process is closely related to the Permendiknas because the procurement is oriented to the ratio and type guidelines contained in the regulation. This is evidence that the management carried out by the library has been carried out according to the rules, both from the government and the general rules of the school.
Integration of Blockchain Technology for Security and Privacy Enhancement in Wireless Body Area Network Systems

Objectives: Blockchain technology can improve the security and privacy of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) systems in healthcare. The primary goal of this research is to address the privacy and security concerns in technology-loaded devices and gadgets by proposing a novel approach that integrates blockchain and advanced cryptographic techniques with WBAN. Methods: Simulated physiological data collected from multiple body sensors in a WBAN environment, along with network traffic data, were gathered. A modified algorithm is developed for signature encryption in WBAN systems using a hyperelliptic curve secure channel. This approach incorporates blockchain technology to strengthen security and privacy measures for efficient and safe data transfer and storage. To achieve this, a hyperelliptic curve-based technique is used along with an authenticated certificate-less signature key encryption model, which helps overcome various attacks, such as man-in-the-middle attacks, basic impersonation attacks, and key offset attacks. Findings: The proposed methodology is compared to traditional approaches to assess its effectiveness. This methodology is evaluated using parameters such as Hardware Security Model (HSM) operations and time taken, which demonstrate its superiority. It is observed that the proposed methodology records 3 hsm operations within 2.03 ms with Signcryption and 3 hsm within 2.35 ms with Unsigncryption, proving to be better than other traditional approaches. Novelty: The integrity, security, and privacy features of blockchain, make it difficult for malicious actors to crack or hack the system. The security measures are further enhanced by using a hyperelliptic curve-based technique and an authenticated certificate-less signature key encryption model. This approach also addresses multiple attacks providing a comprehensive solution for secure data transmission. Keywords: Blockchain, WBAN, Secured IoT, Attack mitigation, Multi­Factor Authentication
Emotion Detection using HOG for Crime Detection

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to develop an advanced emotion detection system that can contribute to crime detection and prevention efforts. By using the power of machine learning, the system aims to enhance the effectiveness in identifying potential criminal activities by analyzing emotional cues of people. Methods: The proposed method is evaluated using Facial Expression Recognition – 2013 (FER – 2013) dataset from a Kaggle data science community. It consists of 3589 training data files with 48x48 pixel grayscale images of human faces of seven different emotions classified which are centered and occupying the same amount of space. Instead of using the same algorithm for face detection and emotion classification, separate algorithms were used. Histogram Oriented Gradients (HOG) will detect the face by parameters like eyes, nose, and face edges. The image detected will first divide the image into small cells and plots histogram for each and then brings all histogram together to form feature vector. The Random Forest Algorithm will get the image detected and the random parameters of the face were taken for the voting process by averaging the constructed decision tree. The emotion is obtained by the outcome of the voting process. The addition of boosting algorithm guarantees in increasing the computational speed and accuracy of the model. Findings: The use of HOG for face detection gives the best result by capturing the face apart from all noises and background disturbances like poor light etc. The accuracy of HOG face detection module is 99.57 %. The detected face was given as input to the combination of Random Forest Algorithm and X-Gradient Boosting Algorithm for classifying the emotion. The addition of a boosting algorithm gives the maximum accuracy and minimum loss of data during emotion classification. The accuracy of the model was achieved up to 95% and loss of data below 5%. Novelty: This is the first open paper highlighting the face detection and emotion classification process with different algorithms where the process was divided as face detection, feature extraction and emotion classification. Keywords: Facial emotion, Face detection, Feature Extraction, Dlib Histogram Oriented Gradients (HOG), Random Forest, X­Gradient Boosting, Emotion classification, Facial Expression Recognition (FER)
Students’ Perception Towards Orai As Learning Media Of Speaking Skill At Grade Eight Of SMP Negeri 1 Pematang Siantar

Orai application is an online public speaking course application designed to overcome the problem of speaking with intonation and pacing from the basis of practice. This research aims to determine students' perceptions towards Orai as learning media of speaking skills in grade VIII of SMP N 1 Pematang Siantar. In this research, the data collection instruments used were observation sheet and questionnaires sheet. Observation was used to observe English teaching and le arning activities in using the Orai application. The questionnaire sheet consists of twenty statements regarding student perceptions of the use Orai application made in a Google Form. The source of data in this research was taken from students of grade VIII-2. There were 20 participants selected as samples in this research. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive design. Findings from the results of data analysis, students have positive and negative perceptions of the use Orai application as an English learning media. There were 19 statements included in the positive perception with a percentage of 95% and there was 1 statement with a percentage of 5%. Hadi (2018)) stated that perception has 2 types, namely positive and negative. Most participants have a positive perception of Orai as learning media speaking skill with the majority of answers chosen by students strongly agree that Orai is very helpful in learning English.
The Necessity of Culture Penetration in College English Teaching and Its Countermeasures

In order to promote English learning, cultivate students' intercultural communication ability, and promote the inheritance and transmission of Chinese culture, this paper first analyzes the necessity and current situation of culture penetration in college English teaching, and then makes a strategic analysis. The necessity and current situation is that language cannot exist independently of culture, and language and culture cannot be separated from each other, lack of English cultural background knowledge will make cultural conflicts more and more frequent, and that it is important to make China's own voice in the world through this language. This paper puts forward the culture cultivation and infiltration in college English teaching from both inside and outside the classroom, and the use of modern teaching methods. In teaching, teachers should consciously enhance their own language and culture awareness, provide interesting activities, such as music and movies to stimulate students' interest in traditional culture cognition.
The Performance of the Pup Hacking Show Essential Philosophical Messages of Javanese Ethnic Life

Philosophical and philosophical are concerned with the values, assumptions or perceptions built by community members in their life journey. Philosophical and philosophical understood through things that are hidden and stated explicitly. Philosophical and philosophical in the text of Wayang Kulit can be analyzed through the use of transcribed speech language, so that the philosophical and philosophical in the text of Wayang Kulit are latent, therefore, the study of appraisal discourse analysis is to evaluate and interpret this philosophical form. Philosophical understanding can be interpreted as aspects of language that are philosophically charged. Language which is material that is charged, philosophically, there are aspects of language that are processed or formed by philosophies. Wayang kulit performance art as a tradition that combines various elements of art such as: the art of music, sound, dance and acting. This study uses a qualitative research method with research data which is text data of Wayang Kulit. The results of wayang kulit are obtained through the characteristics of the characters, moral messages and noble values, virtues, conveying religious dogmas, as well as the function of wayang as entertainment for wayang audiences and the public. Philosophical message as a philosophy of life, a positive attitude identified as the identity of the Javanese which is a philosophy that includes: a) philosophical as a philosophy of positive attitude, b) philosophical as a philosophy of patience, c) philosophical as a philosophy of truth, and d) philosophical as a philosophy moral attitude
Augmented Reality Facilitates Students' Learning in Pandemic Times of Crisis in Higher Education

Teaching and learning activities swiftly transitioned to remote modes as an urgent response to the situation crisis, of the COVID-19 pandemic. The reliance on advanced technology to facilitate teaching and learning has become increasingly vital, making it important to understand the perspectives of academic staff regarding Augmented Reality (AR) as one of the advanced technologies that could address these needs. This paper aims to explore the viewpoints of academic staff regarding the use of AR facilities in higher education. To achieve this goal, a quantitative research approach was employed. The research methodology involved administering a questionnaire to gather responses from academic staff experiencing health restrictions due to the ongoing pandemic. The questionnaire used in this study was the Instructional Survey, a research tool specifically designed to elicit insights into the perspectives and opinions of academic professionals. the questionnaire was distributed to academic staff members across various faculties at five universities in Saudi Arabia, the response was from 851 academic staff. The study's findings show a consensus among academic staff members, indicating that they agree on the potential of AR to enhance teaching and learning activities. This alignment of perspectives underscores the significance of AR in the context of higher education. his research provides valuable insights into the perspectives of academic staff during a time of crisis and their recognition of AR as a valuable tool for teaching and learning. Additionally, the study identifies areas of interest for future research, suggesting potential avenues for further exploration and investigation
Study on the Relationship between Layered Teaching Mode and Self efficacy of English Learning in Chinese English for Specific Purposes Class

Layered teaching mode is applied to ESP classes to meet the various demands of students as well as solving professional problems. It is also connected to English learning self-efficacy. Quantitative correlational research was employed in the study, which studies the relationship between two variables. This study selected 300 college students from three universities in Anhui Province in China by the questionnaire survey method, which was adapted from other researchers and sent to students online through Wenjuanxing. The study showed that students' overall satisfaction with the evaluation of layered teaching is relatively high, but the teaching contents are single, and teaching materials are not updated in time. Students' English self-efficacy motivation is very strong, but their English skills are relatively lacking. A highly significant correlation has been illustrated between the two variables. The better the layered teaching mode is, the better English learning self-efficacy is.
Sistem Informasi Operasional dan Pemeliharaan Bangunan Sungai Berbasis Web

Balai Besar Sungai Sumatra VIII is in charge of managing water resources in river areas, which includes planning, implementing construction, operation and maintenance in the framework of conservation and utilization of water resources and controlling the destructive power of water in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, dams and other water reservoirs, irrigation, groundwater, raw water, swamps, ponds and beaches to support activities in operation and maintenance, inventory and monitoring of river structures, both newly built and those that are no longer functioning, are carried out. In this case, a third-party consultant conducts field inspections and analyzes the building and the surrounding area. The results of the reports submitted by the contractor in the form of report documents and Excel files in the assessment of inspection results from these results will be decided using criteria to determine the results of the decision to make improvements. The results of the submitted reports have not been managed digitally, so to look for report data carried out in the previous year, you have to search on a computer. It takes quite a long time, and there is a possibility that the data cannot be found. The results of the reports submitted by the contractor are in the form of document reports and Excel files in the assessment inspection results; these results will be decided using the criteria to determine the results of the decision to make improvements, encourage the author to develop a system that can inventory and maintain river buildings, which can minimize document collisions and make it easy to find the required data. Web-based and using the MySQL database to accommodate these activities so that it can make it easier to search and minimize piles of documents.