Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Scene semantics involuntarily guide attention during visual search

During scene viewing, is attention primarily guided by low-level image salience or by high-level semantics? Recent evidence suggests that overt attention in scenes is primarily guided by semantic features. Here we examined whether the attentional priority given to meaningful scene regions is involuntary. Participants completed a scene-independent visual search task in which they searched for superimposed letter targets whose locations were orthogonal to both the underlying scene semantics and image salience. Critically, the analyzed scenes contained no targets, and participants were unaware of this manipulation. We then directly compared how well the distribution of semantic features and image salience accounted for the overall distribution of overt attention. The results showed that even when the task was completely independent from the scene semantics and image salience, semantics explained significantly more variance in attention than image salience and more than expected by chance. This suggests that salient image features were effectively suppressed in favor of task goals, but semantic features were not suppressed. The semantic bias was present from the very first fixation and increased non-monotonically over the course of viewing. These findings suggest that overt attention in scenes is involuntarily guided by scene semantics.
Chemical Characterization of Harmattan Dust across Oyo and Minna, Nigeria

Harmattan dust haze in Nigeria is due to annual deposition of very fine dust particles as a result of both natural and human activities. There are scanty reports on the mineralogical, elemental and heavy metal composition in the Harmattan dust blowing across the country to support the presence of minerals and elements in the Harmattan dust. The aim of this study is to assess minerals and elemental compositions of Harmattan dust variations across Oyo (7032'N, 3025'E) and Minna (9035'N, 6032'E), Nigeria. Harmattan dust samples were collected using clean plastic bowls of 10 cm diameter and analysis was conducted on the samples collected at the two stations using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Fluoresence (XRF), Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). It was observed that elements, such as K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Zr, Pb, V, Sr, Cr and Ce, were present in different concentrations in the samples collected. Minerals, such as Quartz [SiO2], Rutile [TiO2], Periclase [MgO], Corundum [Al2O3], Hematite [Fe2O3], Cuprite [Cu2O], Baddeleyite [ZrO2], Litharge [PbO], Monazite [P2O5], Zincite [ZnO], Montroydite [HgO] and Lime [CaO], were present in the samples collected at each station in different proportions. The soil mass concentration of the elements was calculated and observed to be 3.5179μg m3 at Oyo and 3.4745μg m3 at Minna. It was observed that the Harmattan dusts moving across Nigeria have almost all the elements present in Harmattan dust varying from station to station as the dust is moving towards the south of the country. The study concluded that the elemental composition of the dust samples analyzed revealed that the percentage compositions of some elements are higher than the acceptable WHO standard values, which may affect human health. It is therefore recommended that adequate precautionary measures and policies should be made to help mitigate the effects of high elemental concentrations observed.
Формування природничо-наукової компетентності засобами ІКТ на уроках хімії у старшій школі

The research was conducted in order to reveal the ways, methods and means of ICT for the formation of natural science competence in the process of teaching chemistry in high school. The state of the problem in the national education system is analyzed, the concepts of "competence", "natural science competence" and "competence in natural sciences and technologies" from the point of view of the concept of the New Ukrainian School are considered. In order to achieve theresearch objectives were used methods of scientific and pedagogical research: pedagogical modeling; analysis of modern means of ICT, results of students' activities, statistical data, scientific and methodological literature.&#x0D; The analysis of the problem at the international level is displayed, in particular, the results of Ukrainian students’ participation in the international PISA study of education quality. The components of the international PISA study, scientific literacy, its components and competencies are considered. The competency character of PISA research is noted, which is manifested in test tasks, for the solution of which it is not necessary to reproduce the acquired knowledge and skills, but the ability to effectively apply them in new, non-standard situations. The results of indicators of formation level in natural science competence at the international study PISA-2018 are analyzed. The authors emphasize that one of the reasons for Ukraine's low results is insufficient attention to the problems of the formation of competency education.&#x0D; The expediency of formation of natural-scientific competence during the study of chemistry by aid of information and communication technologies, in particular, educational-modeling electronic textbooks, program-methodical complexes and program packages is argued. Virtual chemical laboratories capable of modeling chemical phenomena and processes are proposed. The program-methodical multimedia means used in chemistry lessons in high school are considered, and they allow visual representation of the structure of atoms and electronic shells, composition and spatial structure of molecules, chemical properties and methods of extraction of substances.&#x0D; The result of the research is determination of the main conditions for successful organization and conducting of effective studying of chemistry with ICT using; development of ICT in Chemistry for 10th graders studying in the scientific and pedagogical project "Intellect of Ukraine"; analysis of using the mobile applications in the educational process of chemistry. The authors emphasize the positive results of ICT tools use in chemistry lessons in order to form natural science competence.
Linked Lists

Linked data structures are in many ways the opposite of the contiguous ones that we have explored to some extent in the previous chapter using the example of arrays. In terms of complexity, they fail where those ones shine (first of all, at random access), but prevail at scenarios when a repeated modification is necessary. In general, they are much more flexible and so allow the programmer to represent almost any kind of a data structure, although the ones that require such level of flexibility may not be too frequent. Usually, they are specialized trees or graphs.
Modelling Criminal Investigation

This chapter describes the investigation process model and shows how incident investigation shares its nature with the scientific method. Investigation of ongoing and past events is a necessary activity. It enables individuals, organisations and communities to react, respond and learn, and it contributes to a safer and more secure society. Criminal investigation is an essential task for most law enforcement organisations, and a vital part of policing and crime-fighting. In the modern world, we cannot investigate physical crimes and other unwanted incidents without examining digital evidence. Equally, we cannot investigate digital events in isolation. The investigation model presented here views all incidents as equal and places investigations into context, details and visualises the various investigation actions and the relationship between them, and contributes to a greater understanding of the investigation process. The model also provides a framework for further research in an inherently multi-disciplinary field. [145 words]
Paradigm

Computer Graphics ForumVolume 39, Issue 1 p. 672-673 Report Paradigm First published: 27 February 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13898Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume39, Issue1February 2020Pages 672-673 RelatedInformation
Biogen MA Inc. v. EMD Serono, Inc. United States Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit, 2020 976 F.3d 1326

Biotechnology Law ReportVol. 39, No. 6 As presented by Chris HolmanBiogen MA Inc. v. EMD Serono, Inc. United States Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit, 2020 976 F.3d 1326Edited for Biotechnology Law Report by CHRISTOPHER M. HOLMAN*Published Online:2 Dec 2020https://doi.org/10.1089/blr.2020.29202.cmhAboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 39Issue 6Dec 2020 InformationCopyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Biogen MA Inc. v. EMD Serono, Inc. United States Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit, 2020 976 F.3d 1326.Biotechnology Law Report.Dec 2020.473-478.http://doi.org/10.1089/blr.2020.29202.cmhPublished in Volume: 39 Issue 6: December 2, 2020PDF download
Unsub

Unsub is a browser-based decision making tool made for an academic library’s journal collection management team. The interactive data dashboard organizes journals by a carefully calculated cost per use number and allows users to visualize the potential savings of journal cancellations. While not comprehensive in its publisher coverage, Unsub effectively streamlines a typically arduous process.
Privacy preserving file auditing schemes for cloud storage using verifiable random function

Users leverage the cloud storage to store data by uploading files to the cloud storage. They can use it to share files to work on collaborative projects. However, during administrative operations by cloud storage service provider (CSSP), there may be some inadvertent corruption of files during data migration and backup. Due to heavy demands, the cloud service provider may not update the desired files immediately when requested by the owner. As a result, a user of the file may receive an obsolete file. To ensure integrity and freshness of files, third party auditing (TPA) services should be supported by CSSP while maintaining the confidentiality of user files and preserving privacy of users. In this paper, three privacy preserving auditing schemes for files stored in cloud has been proposed. Verifiable random function, merkle hash tree and ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption has been used to achieve the desired goals.
Design of Digital Aerial Photography System for UAV based on Wireless Sensor Network

The traditional UAV aerial photography system has the disadvantages of unclear imaging, low system efficiency and poor flight control effect. Thus, a digital aerial photography system based on wireless sensor network is proposed. Firstly, the principle of aerial photography system is analyzed, and the wireless sensor network is set up. A large number of wireless sensor nodes are deployed in the interval, and functions such as wireless communication and calculation are completed by nodes; the SN-RN data acquisition layer, the RN-UAV relay transmission layer and the UAV-DC mobile aggregation layer are designed to form a wireless sensor network architecture, and the UAV digital aerial photography technology is combined to form the wireless sensor network. Experiments show that the medium error, maximum error and medium error limit of the digital aerial photography of the UAV are low, the total working time of the system is short, and the accuracy of the flight execution of the UAV is maintained between 93%-95%, and always stable. Therefore, the overall imaging effect of this method is better, the system work efficiency is higher, the system control effect is better, and it is more practical and advantageous.
Trinity Metaphysics

A ternary ontological model in which the living being is a triad of I – form – substrate is described. I is an intangible subject, contemplating the content of consciousness and controlling the material body, which is the unity of the form and the substrate. The contents of consciousness are connected both with the form of the body, which I contemplate in the inner “mental space” in the form of in­formation, and with the substrate, which embodies the forms of the body and is responsible for sensations and intentions. The problem of control of the material body by the non-material self is solved under the assumption that the human brain is a quantum object. The ternary model of a living being is inscribed in an absolute ontology, in which the Absolute also has a threefold structure and is the unstitched unity of the absolute I, the absolute Form and the absolute Sub­strate. The Absolute creates the other world with its threefold energies, which provides the threefold structure of a living being. The created world arises from the timeless world of the potential possibilities of the Universe, which modern cosmology associates with its wave function. Created entities arise in the process of alienation from the Absolute, resulting in free will.
Latent semantic analysis in automatic text summarisation: a state-of-the-art analysis

Increasing availability of information in the web and its ease of access necessitate the need for efficient and effective automatic text summarisation. Automatic text summarisation condenses the source text (a single document or multiple documents) into a compact version preserving its overall meaning and information content. Till now, researchers have employed different approaches for creating well-formed summaries. One of the most popular methods is the latent semantic analysis (LSA). In this paper, various prominent works to produce extractive and abstractive text summaries based on different variants of LSA algorithm are analysed.
Creating intelligent virtual patients for simulation-based pharmacy education through human-centred conversation modelling

Virtual Patients (VPs) with interactive conversational abilities are essential to create a fully immersive simulation in healthcare education. This paper presents a VP design case guided by educational design research that took the formative design approach towards their VR design and continuously refined them. The specific refinement processes used in the case include three phases of expert review, Human-centred distributed Conversation Modelling (HCM), and performance data analysis. HCM was employed as an integral approach to overcome limitations of the traditional Centralised Conversational Modelling (CCM). This paper describes each of the three phases and presents evaluation findings (continuity error rates, unanswered question error rates, and total error rates) using the three designed VPs for the Over-the-Counter (OTC) simulation for pharmacy students and further shares the useful knowledge constructed in creating VPs and lessons learned in the design process.
The design of in-car speech recognition interface for usability and user acceptance

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) can potentially improve the usability and safety of operating in-car systems such as phones, entertainment systems and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, its success relies on the careful design of the interface to match the abilities, expectations and preferences of the user population. This paper reviews some of the human factors issues in vocabulary and dialogue design, and considers the interfaces to some real applications. A study is then reported in which drivers were consulted as to their preferred interactions with in-car ASR systems. A main finding was that users preferred to issue terse, goal-directed commands rather than engage in natural language dialogues.
Measures of the Benefit of Direct Encoding of Data Deltas for Data Pair Relation Perception

The power of data visualization is not to convey absolute values of individual data points, but to allow the exploration of relations (increases or decreases in a data value) among them. One approach to highlighting these relations is to explicitly encode the numeric differences (deltas) between data values. Because this approach removes the context of the individual data values, it is important to measure how much of a performance improvement it actually offers, especially across differences in encodings and tasks, to ensure that it is worth adding to a visualization design. Across 3 different tasks, we measured the increase in visual processing efficiency for judging the relations between pairs of data values, from when only the values were shown, to when the deltas between the values were explicitly encoded, across position and length visual feature encodings (and slope encodings in Experiments 1 &amp;amp; 2). In Experiment 1, the participant’s task was to locate a pair of data values with a given relation (e.g., Find the ‘small bar to the left of a tall bar’ pair) among pairs of the opposite relation, and we measured processing efficiency from the increase in response times as the number of pairs increased. In Experiment 2, the task was to judge which of two relation types was more prevalent in a briefly presented display of 10 data pairs (e.g., Are there more ‘small bar to the left of a tall bar’ pairs or more ‘tall bar to the left of a small bar’ pairs?). In the final experiment, the task was to estimate the average delta within a briefly presented display of 6 data pairs (e.g., What is the average bar height difference across all ‘small bar to the left of a tall bar’ pairs?). Across all three experiments, visual processing of relations between data value pairs was significantly better when directly encoded as deltas rather than implicitly between individual data points, and varied substantially depending on the task (improvement ranged from 25% to 95%). Considering the ubiquity of bar charts and dot plots, relation perception for individual data values is highly inefficient, and confirms the need for alternative designs that provide not only absolute values, but also direct encoding of critical relationships between those values.
An Overview of the R Language

In this chapter, we cover just enough of the R language to get you going. If you’re new to programming, this chapter will get you started well enough to be productive and we’ll call out ways to learn more at the end. R is a great place to learn to program because its environment is clean and much simpler than traditional programming languages such as Java or C++. If you’re an experienced programmer in another language, you should skim this chapter to learn the essentials.
Methods for forgery detection in digital forensics

The information present in the footage/video clip is one of the solid evidence of the event at the incidents. Therefore, visual media crime-scene investigation has risen as a crucial research field, which fundamentally promotes techniques to deal with forgeries in forensic videos. This paper takes a reader to simplify the understanding of the existing work and provides a profound study of the prevailing literature in the field of digital forgeries. The retrospective analysis helps to reconnoiter the work done to date by categorising the forgery detection techniques in four different domains. The first aspect of the paper is useful for people working on detecting copy-move attacks (CMA). The second domain scrutinises the tamper detection work based on motion estimation techniques. The third facet puts forward the details about forgery detection based on optical flow principal and the fourth section helps researchers to recognise current forensic developments in compressed videos.
Traceability System for Rare Chinese Herbal Medicines Based on Blockchain Structure

The difficulty of tracing the process of planting, processing, quality inspection, storage, transportation and sales of precious Chinese herbal medicines can be well solved by using the blockchain that is characterized by decentralization, tamper resistance and distributed storage. In this paper, we discuss how to design a traceability system for rare Chinese herbal medicine with double-chain structure by using the high efficiency of private blockchain and the extensibility of consortium blockchain to store the detailed information of each process in the interplanetary file system (IPFS), store the Hash value of each production process traceability information in the private blockchain, and record the transaction identification ID in the private blockchain in the previous stage in the traceability information in the next stage, so that consumers can get the complete traceability information of rare Chinese herbal medicines by combining the traceability information of the sales stage with the IPFS. By linking the Hash value of the traceability information of the final sales stage to the consortium blockchain as a transaction, the safety and reliability of the scheme are enhanced. The private blockchain is used to collect and track the traceability information, while the consortium blockchain is to tamper with and verify the traceability information.
Intake

OpflowVolume 46, Issue 10 p. 2-2 Departments Intake First published: 05 October 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/opfl.1433Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume46, Issue10October 2020Pages 2-2 RelatedInformation
Efficient moving vehicle detection for intelligent traffic surveillance system using optimal probabilistic neural network

The vehicle detection system plays an essential role in the traffic video surveillance system. Video communication of these traffic cameras over real-world limited bandwidth networks can frequently suffer network congestion. The objective of this paper is to develop an effective method for moving vehicle detection problems that can find high quality solutions (with respect to detection accuracy) at a high convergence speed. To achieve this objective, we propose a method that hybridises the cuckoo search (CS) with Opposition-based learning (OBL), where OBL is improve the performance of the CS algorithm while optimising the weights of the standard PNN model. The proposed system mainly consists of two modules such as: 1) design novel OCS-PNN model; 2) moving vehicle detection using OCS-PNN model. The algorithm is tested on three standard video dataset. For instance, the proposed method achieved the maximum precision of 94%, F-measure of 94% and similarity of 94%.