Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
ASPECTS OF TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE FOR THE APPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL INTERNET RESOURCES IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of preparing future teachers of the Ukrainian language for the use of educational Internet resources in their professional activities. The problem of informatization of education is updated as the most important factor in the implementation of the modern educational paradigm, which opens up new horizons in the area of ​​modernization of the education system in Ukraine and at the same time puts forward increased requirements for the professional training of students of higher education, in particular, future teachers of the Ukrainian language. Attention is focused on the interpretation of the key concept "educational Internet resources" through the characterization of the phenomena "information" and "resource", the correlation of the concepts "energy" and "information". An overview of scientific positions in the plane of the raised problem has been studied. It was found that "the concept of "information" is key not only for informatics, but also one of the fundamental concepts of modernity, it is a reflection of the real world in any way (oral, written, with the help of technical devices) with the help of conditional signals. It has been establishe that information resources are the product of intellectual activity, presented in a form that allows them to be used for the necessary purposes. They have their own unique qualities, great social importance and affect all social processes. By Internet resodurces we mean a set of methods and technical means of collecting, organizing, storing, processing, transmitting and presenting information that expand the knowledge of future specialists and develop their capabilities in managing technical and social processes. It was established that the information resources used in the educational process should be meaningful, technically and technologically related to the resources used in the informatization of other spheres of activity of the educational institution. It is summarized that the use of educational Internet resources is an innovative approach in building the process of learning and preparing future teachers for professional activity, expanding the horizons of studying the Ukrainian language in a higher education institution.
ON THE ISSUE OF FORMING THE READINESS OF FUTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALISTS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

The problems of IT specialists training are constantly in the field of vision of the modern information society, which proves the general trend of demand for IT specialists in all the areas of human activity. In the modern life conditions of society, there is a rapid rate of the growth in the requirements for the professionalism of the future specialists. However the educational sector lags far behind in the training of personnel due to the rapid development of the digital technologies and IT industry tools. According to these factors, the problem of the professional training for the highly qualified, competent specialists in the field of information technologies is relevant and it prompts the research into the strategy of forming the readiness of the future specialists in the area of information technologies for the conditions of their professional activity. One of the priority directions for improving the professional training of the specialists in the institutions of higher education is the introduction of the information technologies into the educational process. The established practice of introducing the information technology tools into the educational process involves their use primarily in the study of the technical disciplines. The use of the professional systems, which are new for the students in the educational process, allows to expand the future specialist's understanding of the possibilities of using computer systems in the professional activities. For the successful development of the mathematical competences among the students of the higher education institutions of economic profile, the information and communication technologies of education should be implemented. The constant expansion of the possibilities of information and communication technologies opens up the new perspectives for the introduction of distance learning in higher professional education, it allows the formation of the professional competences of the students and requires advanced computer educational and methodological support. The rapid development of information and communication technologies during the last decade fundamentally changed the forms of the interaction in society in general and in the educational space in particular. The examples of this are the numerous social networks, e-commerce, communication via Skype, e-mail, etc. In addition, a fundamentally new technology of E-learning, which in Ukraine is most often called the distance learning, has been developed.
Revealing the Concealed: Alternatives to Random Dots for Stereograms

Investigations of stereoscopic depth perception were transformed via the use of computer-generated random-dot stereograms in the 1960s. They realized Wheatstone's wish of demonstrating binocular depth without monocular object recognition, and they have been the dominant stimulus for studying stereopsis since then. Alternative carrier patterns to random dots, based on graphics, photographs, and their combinations, are presented as anaglyphs and for free fusion. A wider range of concealed patterns can be revealed with these alternatives, and presenting them as anaglyphs can yield patterns that have visual appeal independent of the depth they conceal.
Efficient Error Detection Schemes for ECSM Window Method Benchmarked on FPGAs

Elliptic curve scalar multiplication (ECSM) stands as a crucial subblock in elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), which represents the most widely used prequantum public key cryptography. Hardware constructions of cryptographic systems utilizing ECSM have been subject to permanent or transient errors. In cryptographic systems, it is important to validate the correctness of the underlying computation performed on hardware or software to identify such errors. In this article, we present new fault detection schemes in window method scalar multiplication, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously investigated. Our approach involves introducing refined algorithms and implementations that can effectively counter both permanent and transient errors. We assess this by simulating a fault model, ensuring that the evaluations conducted reflect the obtained results. As a result, we achieve a significantly extensive coverage of errors. Finally, we benchmark our proposed error detection scheme on ARMv8 and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to demonstrate the implementation and resource overhead. On Cortex-A72 processors, we maintain a clock cycle overhead of under 3%. In addition, when implementing our error detection method on different FPGAs, including Zynq Ultrascale <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$+$</tex-math> </inline-formula> , Artix-7, and Kintex Ultrascale <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$+$</tex-math> </inline-formula> , we achieve comparable throughput while introducing a mere 2% increase in area compared with the original hardware implementations.
Momentum Cross-modal Contrastive Learning for Video Moment Retrieval

Video moment retrieval aims to locate the timestamps best matching the query description within an untrimmed video. However, existing video moment retrieval approaches typically suffer from two major limitations: (1)Utilize only negative moment-sentence pairs sampled from intra-videos, which may overfit the bias of the dataset and not have an excellent understanding of the video and query due to the dataset size and annotation biases. (2)Decouple the video and the query, perform unimodal learning separately, and then concatenate them together as multimodal fusion features. In this paper, we propose a novel approach named Momentum Contrastive Matching Network(MCMN). Inspired by MoCo, we propose the Momentum Cross-modal Contrast for cross-modal learning to enable large-scale negative sample interactions, which contributes to the generation of more precise and discriminative representations, and use temporal decay to model key attenuation in the memory queue when computing the contrastive loss. In addition, we use an attention module to adaptively generate clip-specific word embeddings to achieve semantic alignment from a temporal perspective, which are considered to be more important for finding relevant video contents with large boundary ambiguities. Experimental results on the three major video moment retrieval benchmark datasets, including TACoS, Charades-STA, and ActivityNet Captions demonstrate that MCMN surpasses previous methods and reaches state-of-the-art with disparate visual features.
Associative Discussion Among Generating Adversarial Samples Using Evolutionary Algorithm and Samples Generated Using GAN

The remarkable accomplishments of deep neural networks (DNN) have led to their widespread adoption in various contexts, including safety-critical applications. Many strategies have been implemented to generate adversarial samples using DNN, raising the question of the security of the model. Adding slight magnitude noise to the input samples during training or testing can misguide DNN to produce different results than the actual one. DNNs are sensitive to indiscernible adversarial samples but readily identifiable by them. Currently, gradient-based approaches are used to generate adversarial samples. Gradient-based methods require internal details of the model, such as several parameters, model type, Etc. Usually, these details are practically unavailable, and calculating the gradient for non-differential models is impossible. In this work, we propose a novel DESapsDE framework based on evolutionary algorithms to generate adversarial samples from the probability of labels. We also incorporated the discussion with the various Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) models, such as ACGAN, DCGAN, and SAGAN. It has been observed that GANs differ from adversarial sample generation methods and can be applied as defense mechanisms. The proposed method reduced model confidence to 13.09% for the ResNet50 model, 30.34% for the WideResNet model, and 23.1% for the DenseNet model, with an FID score of 16.45. The proposed model varies from the GAN model. It applies to attack-on-network models as a preventive major to make the model robust.
A Kruppa Equation-based Virtual Reconstruction Method for 3D Images Under Visual Communication Scenes

Visual communication (VC) manages to demonstrate optimal perception effect through reasonable element planning. It has been a more prevalent tendency to introduce 3D image reconstruction into VC activities. Currently, there still lacks reliable solution for this purpose under VC scenes. To deal with this issue, we propose a Kruppa equation-based virtual reconstruction method for 3D images under VC scenes. Firstly, the feature descriptor procedure in scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm is introduced into image matching. Then, Harris corner extraction (HCE) algorithm is utilized for selection of feature points. And according to HCE algorithm, we develop a specific direction feature description method. In the proposal, main camera points are calibrated separately, which not only makes the calibration accuracy of the main points higher, but also reduces the unknown parameters of Kruppa equation. Finally, we conduct some experiments to verify efficiency of the proposal. The obtained results show that calibration accuracy of the proposal is 12% higher than other comparison methods, and better virtual reconstruction results can be achieved.
Safe Autonomous Exploration and Adaptive Path Planning Strategy Using Signed Distance Field

Autonomous exploration in unknown environment has remained challenging due to unexpected collisions, stuckness and slowdowns around obstacles. This paper reports a novel approach based on Signed Distance Field (SDF), to optimize path planning algorithms and autonomous exploration strategy for safe and adaptive navigation in search and rescue missions. A quantitative criterion is established for evaluating the safety of planned trajectories. Simulation results show that the proposed SDF-A* path planner outperforms traditional methods with a 30.10% increase in path safety (i.e. average distance from robot to obstacles) and a 64.11% reduction in time consumption; The proposed SDF-based Safe Autonomous Exploration Strategy, combined with SDF-A* path planner, outperform traditional methods, leading to significant increases (47.06%) in path safety and reductions (44.75% and 15.32%) in exploration time and path length, respectively. The viability, efficiency, and safety of the proposed methods are further validated through real-world experiments on a three-wheeled differential steering robot equipped with Jetson Nano and RPLIDAR-A3 lidar. Results show that the proposed approach adapts to different indoor environments and map configurations without prior parameter settings.
MENTORING AND ITS ROLE IN THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF A YOUNG SPECIALIST IN GREAT BRITAIN

The article analyzes mentoring and its role in the professional development of a young specialist in the Great Britain. The main approaches to the definition of mentoring are presented. Mentoring is used to support future teachers during their school practice and it is considered as one of the most important factors in the professional development of future teachers. Mentoring is a process in which an experienced person helps a less experienced person develops their goals and skills through time-limited, confidential, one-on-one sessions and other learning activities.The position of a mentor and experienced teachers who can hold this position are described. The main responsibilities of a mentor to support future teachers are highlighted. The relationship between a mentor and a future teacher and the main requirements for making it effective are characterized. Mentoring is a professional partnership between two people. It is usually a long-term relationship based on mutual trust and respect. An effective mentoring relationship can only be achieved when the mentor listens to the needs of future teachers, develops their knowledge, and introduces new skills and other professionals in the field of mentoring. The main ways of an effective mentoring and the aspects which a mentor takes into account when providing pedagogical support to future teachers are revealed. Future teachers’ mentoring can be a rewarding and a fulfilling experience for both: a mentor and a young professional. A mentor can share an experience, skills and knowledge with novice colleagues and help them to develop self-confidence, competence and the ability to improve and develop themselves.&#x0D; Keywords: mentoring; future teachers; professional formation; mentor; experienced teacher; professional development; learning environment; professional skills; professional partnership; Great Britain.
ALTERNATIVE CERTIFICATION FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN KENTUCKY

The article is devoted to the issue of training special education teachers in Kentucky in a non-traditional way, with the help of alternative programs. The author provides a general description of such programs: analyzes their content, considers the forms and methods of training “alternative” teachers of special education. It was determined that the primary goal of creating alternative teacher certification programs was to fill the overall teacher shortage. However, in the process of implementation, the programs varied and were refined, which ultimately led to a change in their functionality. Alternative training programs began to be created as early as the 1980s and provided for the stimulation of an increase in the total number of teachers. It was found that each state has its own principles regarding alternative teacher certification. Most states have established unique alternative teaching certification programs. Many states have more than one program, allowing candidates to choose an option. It was found that in 2017‒2018 only 13.7% of all public school students in the United States were eligible for IDEA programm. Therefore, the Kentucky Department of Education (KDE) has made a significant effort to increase the number of qualified special education teachers in the state by developing eight alternative teacher certification pathways for those interested in entering the teaching profession. The majority of educational institution administrations have a positive attitude towards alternative programs. That’s why was made a conclusion regarding the importance of this type of pedagogical training to ensure the necessary number of pedagogical workers and maintain high standards of education in the USA.&#x0D; Keywords: alternative programs; alternative teacher certification; special teacher training programs; professional development; special education; teaching profession; pedagogical training; non-traditional training programs.
DIDACTIC COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: ESSENCE, FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT

The aim of the article is to allocate the essential features of the didactic competence of the future teacher and to characterize the features its formation and development in the process of implementation of educational programs in the specialty 011 Educational, Pedagogical Sciences.Achieving the purpose of the article allowed the use of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, specification, generalization, content analysis.Based on the analysis of the works of domestic researchers, it is stated that didactic competence is an important professional quality of a future teacher of a higher education institution, which implies the ability to implement psychological, pedagogical, didactic, methodological knowledge in educational practice, modeling the content of academic disciplines. The following essential features of the didactic competence of the future teacher are allocated: is the goal and result of the training of future teachers of higher education institutions pedagogical interaction with higher education students as subjects of the educational process; enables effective, independent, full-fledged professional activity of a future teacher of a higher education institution and promotes continuous self-development and self-improvement throughout life and is part of the teacher’s professional competence; is an integrated body of knowledge, skills, abilities, abilities of the teacher to solve didactic tasks of managing educational and cognitive activities and assessing learning outcomes applicants for higher education and in general the organization of the educational process and the development of higher education applicants.It is concluded that at the level of higher education institutions, in the professional training of future teachers within the framework of the specialty 011 Educational, Pedagogical Sciences it is advisable to implement policies and procedures for end-to-end formation of didactic competence within compulsory and elective disciplines, practical training, and in non-formal and informal education.&#x0D; Keywords: higher education; competency-based approach; competency; didactic competence; methodological competence; teaching competence; future teachers of a higher education institution; formation; development; professional training; professional development.
The MapReduce based approach to improve the shortest path computation

When building sequential algorithms for problems on the graphic network, the algorithms themselves are not only very complex but the complexity of the algorithms also is very considerab. Thus, sequential algorithms must be parallel to share work and reduce computation time. For above reasons, it is crucial to build parallelization of algorithms in extended graph to find the shortest path. Therefore, a study of algorithm finding the shortest path from a source node to all nodes in the MapReduce architectures is essential to deal with many real problems with huge input data in our daily life. MapReduce architectures processes on (Key, Value) pairs are independent between processes, so multiple processes can be assigned to execute simultaneously on the Hodoop system to reduce calculation time.
Practical and Robust Chinese Word Segmentation and PoS Tagging

The ability to automatically segment and PoS tag any Chinese text at any time with high accuracy and recall is a prerequisite for the online processing of Chinese texts. While this goal is within reach, it has yet to be attained even after more than 30 years of Chinese language processing research. Most recent achievements in Chinese adopt either stochastic or deep learning models that rely heavily on the availability of training data. As such, these state-of-the-art algorithms are not designed for texts without enough training data, such as texts on novel topics, in new genres, or from linked heterogeneous sources. In this paper, we propose practical and robust Chinese word segmentation and PoS tagging methodologies to address these challenges. The goals are to achieve real-time adaptation of unfamiliar texts, as well as to gain high quality with consistency among heterogeneous texts. For segmentation, we propose a semi-supervised approach, which performs online learning with either labeled or unlabeled data. This approach adopts the word boundary decision (WBD) model and is capable of using only the bigram information of the target article to train for better performance in almost real-time and on heterogeneous texts. For PoS tagging, we introduce the idea of tagset mapping and active learning. The result is the first realistic Chinese segmentation system that is able to support a wide range of HLT applications, which will have important implications in Chinese language processing.
Describing the Grammatical Knowledge of Chinese Words for Natural Language Processing

The grammar of a language tells people how smaller linguistic units combine to form larger ones. This chapter will introduce a grammatical knowledge base of Chinese words, which was developed for natural language processing, assisting the automatic analysis and generation of Chinese sentences. The overall design of the knowledge base, the classification of words, and the formal description of their grammatical functions will be outlined, and some semantic issues will be discussed. From a computational perspective, the knowledge base offers new insights into the long-running introspection and exploration of grammar issues in Chinese.
Chinese Language Resources Through One-Third of a Century

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the co-development of Chinese language resources and Chinese language processing in the past three decades. The overview highlights the contribution of the Institute of Computational Linguistics at Peking University and the CKIP group at Academia Sinica, as they are the two groups that constructed most to building a robust infrastructure for Chinese language processing. Adopting the metaphor of “language resources is water,” the chapter focuses on the power of accessibility, interoperability, and shareability, as well as the synergetic nature of language resources, language processing, and linguistic knowledge.