Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Image Restoration using Mirroring Method Which Based on the Gradient Direction

Restoring a damaged image is a challenging topic in the field of image restoration. The famous previous method for restoring a degraded image are filters (inverse and wiener) and maximum a posteriori (MAP) formulation. However, that method has limited performance for restoring damaged images. In this paper, the multi mirroring method have been implemented for reconstructing damaged image which based on gradient direction. Firstly, the method will detect damaged image areas and then the multi mirroring method is implemented for filling a damaged image area. The simulation result shows that the proposed method has good result and capable to restore the damaged image.
Uncertainty Propagation and Stochastic Interpretation of Shear Motion Generation due to Underground Chemical Explosions in Jointed Rock

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We have performed 3D simulations of underground chemical explosions conducted recently in granitic outcrop as part of the Source Physics Experiment (SPE) campaign. The main goal of these simulations is to understand the nature of the shear motions recorded in the near field considering uncertainties in a) the geological characterization of the joints, such as density, orientation and persistency and b) the geomechanical material properties, such as, friction angle, bulk sonic speed, poroelasticity etc. The approach is probabilistic; joints are depicted using a Boolean stochastic representation of inclusions conditional to observations and their probability density functions inferred from borehole data. Then, using a novel continuum approach, joints and faults are painted into the continuum host material, granite. To ensure the fidelity of the painted joints we have conducted a sensitivity study of continuum vs. discrete representation of joints. Simulating wave propagation in heterogeneous discontinuous rock mass is a highly non-linear problem and uncertainty propagation via intrusive methods is practically forbidden. Therefore, using a series of nested Monte Carlo simulations, we have explored and propagated both the geological and the geomechanical uncertainty parameters. We have probabilistically shown that significant shear motions can be generated by sliding on the joints caused by spherical wave propagation. Polarity of the shear motion may change during unloading when the stress state may favor joint sliding on a different joint set. Although this study focuses on understanding shear wave generation in the near field, the overall goal of our investigation is to understand the far field seismic signatures associated with shear waves generated in the immediate vicinity of an underground explosion. Therefore, we have abstracted the near field behavior into a probabilistic source-zone model which is used in the far field wave propagation.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Parallel Implementation of Luhn’s Algorithm for Credit Card Validation Using MPI and CUDA

The Luhn’s algorithm is the first line of defense in various e-commerce sites and is utilized to validate credit card numbers. With increase in usage of credit cards validation process also needs to be faster. This fast processing is achievable by parallel processing. This paper intends to make use of MPI and CUDA programming to enhance the computation time of Luhn’s algorithm of validation of multiple credit cards in parallel.
An analysis of distortion probability measure based on classical probability theory

Distortion probability measure; Mode; Supermodel; The pseudo inverse function
Hidden earthquakes unveil the dynamic evolution of a large-scale explosive eruption

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Volcanic eruptions progress by co-evolving the fluid and solid systems. The fluid mechanics can be observed through the evolution of plumes and ejecta. How does the solid evolve? When does the conduit open? When does it close? Seismology can potentially tell us about these processes by measuring the failure of the solid rock. However, such inferences require detection of earthquakes during an explosive eruption. Standard earthquake detection methods often fail during this time as the eruption itself produces seismic noise that obscures the earthquakes. In this work, we address this problem by applying both a supervised and unsupervised search techniques to the existing catalog of the 2008 Okmok Caldera eruption to find brittle failure signals during the continuous eruptive sequence. We were able to detect &amp;gt;4500 new earthquakes using the 419 events previously located by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). A spatiotemporal analysis of the occurrence of earthquakes during the eruption reveal interesting observations: Seismic bursts during the eruption are not synchronized with the exhalation of large ash and steam plumes, suggesting that the dynamics of the eruption are controlled by a clog-and-crack mechanism; most of the Caldera co-eruptive seismicity that is not located at the focus of the eruption occurs under the intra-Caldera cones, showing the activation of their hydrological system due to a system-wide pressurization; the end of the eruption is marked by a large burst of small, deep earthquakes trending SW-NE, possibly related to a propagating lateral dike similar to those observed in other basaltic calderas; the magnitude distribution of seismicity through time shows that the largest earthquakes in the bursts do not happen at the beginning of the sequence like in typical mainshock-aftershock sequences. Furthermore, high precision earthquake relocations highlight a ring-fault structure inside of Okmok Caldera which is thought to be acting as the pathway for fluids to the surface.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Improved Exploration in Factored Average-Reward MDPs

We consider a regret minimization task under the average-reward criterion in an unknown Factored Markov Decision Process (FMDP). More specifically, we consider an FMDP where the state-action space $\mathcal X$ and the state-space $\mathcal S$ admit the respective factored forms of $\mathcal X = \otimes_{i=1}^n \mathcal X_i$ and $\mathcal S=\otimes_{i=1}^m \mathcal S_i$, and the transition and reward functions are factored over $\mathcal X$ and $\mathcal S$. Assuming known factorization structure, we introduce a novel regret minimization strategy inspired by the popular UCRL2 strategy, called DBN-UCRL, which relies on Bernstein-type confidence sets defined for individual elements of the transition function. We show that for a generic factorization structure, DBN-UCRL achieves a regret bound, whose leading term strictly improves over existing regret bounds in terms of the dependencies on the size of $\mathcal S_i$'s and the involved diameter-related terms. We further show that when the factorization structure corresponds to the Cartesian product of some base MDPs, the regret of DBN-UCRL is upper bounded by the sum of regret of the base MDPs. We demonstrate, through numerical experiments on standard environments, that DBN-UCRL enjoys substantially improved regret empirically over existing algorithms that have frequentist regret guarantees.
Two WPT Levels Decomposition for Color Image Cryptography

Digital color image is one of the most important types of data used due to the large number of computerized applications that are needed for mankind.The importance of digital color image force use to seek a good method of cryptography to protect the image from any unauthorized party.In this paper research we will introduce a method of color image cryptography, this method will be implemented and tested, we will show the main positive characteristics of this method and we will prove that this method satisfies the requirement of good methods of cryptography.
Investigation of Dynamic and Static Effects on Earthquake Triggering Using Different Rate and State Friction Laws and Marmara Simulation

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The clock of an earthquake can be advanced due to dynamic and static changes when a triggering signal is applied to a stress-loading fault. While static effects decrease rapidly with distance, dynamic effects can reach thousands of kilometers away. Therefore, earthquake triggering is traditionally associated to static stress changes at local distances and to dynamic effects at greater scales. However, static and dynamic effects near the triggering signal are often nested, thus identifying which effect dominates, becomes unclear. So far, earthquake triggering has been tested using different rate-and-state friction (RSF) laws utilizing alternative views of friction without much comparison. In this study, the analogy of an earthquake is simulated using single degree of freedom spring-block systems governed with three different RSF laws, namely &amp;amp;#8220;Dieterich&amp;amp;#8221;, &amp;amp;#8220;Ruina&amp;amp;#8221; and &amp;amp;#8220;Perrin&amp;amp;#8221;. First, the fault systems are evolved until they reach a stable limit cycle and then static, dynamic and their combination are applied as triggering signals. During synthetic simulations, effects of the triggering signal parameters (onset time, size, duration and frequency) and the fault system parameters (fault stiffness, characteristic slip distance, direct velocity and time dependent state effects) are tested separately. Our results indicate that earthquake triggering is controlled mainly by the onset time, size and duration of the triggering signal but not much sensitive to the signal frequency. In terms of fault system parameters, the fault stiffness and the direct velocity effect are the critical parameters in triggering processes. Among the tested RSF laws, &amp;amp;#8220;Ruina&amp;amp;#8221; law is more sensitive than &amp;amp;#8220;Dieterich&amp;amp;#8221; law to both static and dynamic changes and &amp;amp;#8220;Perrin&amp;amp;#8221; is apparently the most sensitive law to dynamic changes. Especially, when the triggering onset time is close to an unperturbed failure time (future earthquake), dynamic changes result the largest clock advancement, otherwise, static stress changes are substantially more effective. In the next step, realistic models will be established to simulate the effect of the recent (26 September 2019) Marmara earthquake with Mw=5.7 on the locked Kumburgaz fault segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The triggering earthquake will be simulated by combining the static stress change computed via Coulomb law and the dynamic effects using ground motions recorded at broadband seismic stations within similar distances. Outcomes will help us to better understand the effects of static and dynamic changes on the seismic cycle of the Kumburgaz fault segment, which is expected to break soon with a possibly big earthquake causing damage at the metropolitan area of Istanbul in Turkey.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Construction of Hierarchical Experimental System for Innovative Teaching of Automatic Control Principle

The automatic control principle is an important compulsory basic course in control engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, ship power engineering and other professional disciplines, and it is also a prerequisite course of control professional courses.One of the important goals of the teaching reform of the control course group is to change the traditional verification experiment teaching mode into the design and innovation experiment mode combined with the actual engineering control object, focusing on cultivating the students' innovation ability and practical ability, and improving the students' innovative idea of integrating theory with practice and leading the project scientifically.
Towards Unique and Informative Captioning of Images

Despite considerable progress, state of the art image captioning models produce generic captions, leaving out important image details. Furthermore, these systems may even misrepresent the image in order to produce a simpler caption consisting of common concepts. In this paper, we first analyze both modern captioning systems and evaluation metrics through empirical experiments to quantify these phenomena. We find that modern captioning systems return higher likelihoods for incorrect distractor sentences compared to ground truth captions, and that evaluation metrics like SPICE can be 'topped' using simple captioning systems relying on object detectors. Inspired by these observations, we design a new metric (SPICE-U) by introducing a notion of uniqueness over the concepts generated in a caption. We show that SPICE-U is better correlated with human judgements compared to SPICE, and effectively captures notions of diversity and descriptiveness. Finally, we also demonstrate a general technique to improve any existing captioning model -- by using mutual information as a re-ranking objective during decoding. Empirically, this results in more unique and informative captions, and improves three different state-of-the-art models on SPICE-U as well as average score over existing metrics.
LEOPARD: Identifying Vulnerable Code for Vulnerability Assessment through Program Metrics

Identifying potentially vulnerable locations in a code base is critical as a pre-step for effective vulnerability assessment; i.e., it can greatly help security experts put their time and effort to where it is needed most. Metric-based and pattern-based methods have been presented for identifying vulnerable code. The former relies on machine learning and cannot work well due to the severe imbalance between non-vulnerable and vulnerable code or lack of features to characterize vulnerabilities. The latter needs the prior knowledge of known vulnerabilities and can only identify similar but not new types of vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose and implement a generic, lightweight and extensible framework, LEOPARD, to identify potentially vulnerable functions through program metrics. LEOPARD requires no prior knowledge about known vulnerabilities. It has two steps by combining two sets of systematically derived metrics. First, it uses complexity metrics to group the functions in a target application into a set of bins. Then, it uses vulnerability metrics to rank the functions in each bin and identifies the top ones as potentially vulnerable. Our experimental results on 11 real-world projects have demonstrated that, LEOPARD can cover 74.0% of vulnerable functions by identifying 20% of functions as vulnerable and outperform machine learning-based and static analysis-based techniques. We further propose three applications of LEOPARD for manual code review and fuzzing, through which we discovered 22 new bugs in real applications like PHP, radare2 and FFmpeg, and eight of them are new vulnerabilities.
Visualization Techniques at the Aviation Weather Testbed

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The&amp;amp;#160; Aviation Weather Center (AWC) is part of the US National Weather Service, providing domestic and global aviation weather forecasts and warnings. Forecasters and automated systems disseminate up to date information including through our website, aviationweather.gov. Recent years have seen AWC transition from primarily text-based products to increasing interactive and graphical tools. While nearly all information is presented in two dimensions, recent work has focused on adding three- and four- dimensional visualizations to increase understanding in the user community. Web based technologies allow interrogating large datasets on-the-fly without specific software installed on the client device, while providing a more complete picture and development of conceptual models beyond fixed horizontal slices of airspace.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Problems and Interests in Teaching Programming

The importance of understanding the mechanics of the processes of transfer and perception of knowledge among students of technical universities is still relevant today. This article discusses the possibility of activating various interests among students-programmers on the basis of creating a special artificial environment for the interaction of the teacher with the students. Some limiting properties of the forms of transmission and assimilation of knowledge are studied: minimization of the terminological base, maximization of the definiteness, concreteness and repetition of the term. The research methodology included a three-stage semester survey, as well as a final survey of students. Conclusions were made about the unconditional possibility of transferring knowledge to those students-programmers who either have already formed some skill and have a corresponding cognitive interest in the subject, or when through the creation of special artificial environments, interest can be ignited. This is achieved by reducing the number of meaningful terms, as well as through their well-understood and practical use. A direct relationship between the quality of teaching and the degree of personal interaction between teacher and student was also found.
Multiscale Segmentation of Microscopic Images

The chapter introduces multiscale methods for image analysis and their applications to segmentation of microscopic images.Specifically, it presents mathematical morphology and linear scale-space theories as overarching signal processing frameworks without excessive mathematical formalization.The chapter introduces several differential invariants, which are computed from parametrized Gaussian kernels and their derivatives.The main application of this approach is to build a multidimensional multiscale feature space, which can be subsequently used to learn characteristic fingerprints of the objects of interests.More specialized applications, such as anisotropic diffusion and detection of blob-like and fiber-like structures, are introduced for two-dimensional images, and extensions to three-dimensional images are discussed.Presented approaches are generic and thus have broad applicability to time-varying signals and to two-and three-dimensional signals, such as microscopic images.The chapter is intended for biologists and computer scientists with a keen interest in the theoretical background of the employed techniques and is in part conceived as a tutorial.
Practice and application of Statistics Teaching Reform in finance and economics major of Higher Vocational College

statistics course teaching; teaching reform; application
A Global Assessment of Non-Stationarity in Extreme Precipitation

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Rapid urban development, along with human modifications in river discharge (both frequency and magnitude) increase the need to design safe and resilient infrastructure. In addition, continental-domain studies show that there are significant changes in the intensity and frequency of the extreme rainfall events. Importantly, Earth System Models predict that these changes will continue to grow in the future. Consequently, flood frequency from heavy precipitation events is expected to increase, thereby threatening human society and the environment. Therefore, the stationary climate assumption &amp;amp;#8212; the idea that the future variability of the system will remain within the limits observed in the past record &amp;amp;#8212; may not be valid and should be carefully examined. Despite the existing awareness of potential non-stationarity, there has been a limited research on analysis of non-stationary of extreme precipitation at the global scale. This motivated us to conduct a comprehensive global study to compare the performance of non-stationary and stationary models in describing precipitation extremes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas V

The research objective was to describe the improvement in social studies learning outcomes of grade V SD Inpres 12/79 Macope students after using the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model. The approach used is a qualitative approach that is descriptive, this type of research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles. The focus of research is the social studies learning outcomes of grade V students and the Think Pair Share type of cooperative learning model. The research setting was class V SD Inpres 12/79 Macope. The data analysis technique is descriptive analysis which is carried out by reducing data, presenting data, drawing conclusions, and verification. The results of data analysis indicate that learning using the Think Pair Share type of cooperative learning model can improve social studies results for fifth grade students of SD Inpres 12/79 Macope.
A problem-based learning approach to increase the awareness of students towards natural risks and hazards: a case analysis

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The teaching learning of Earth science, particularly the Italian schools, where the research has been developed in the last ten years, has highlighted a widespread lack of knowledge among students, which corresponds to a lack of sensitivity in the common thought towards geological and environmental issues, to its territory, moreover often characterized by widespread disruption phenomena and natural hazards.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;As a consequence, too often the culture of geosciences is understood as a culture of emergencies and not of prevention. It is a priority to promote a widespread culture of natural hazards, the knowledge of natural phenomena, the danger inherent in the geological evolution of the territory, the responsible use of the environment, the perception of phenomenon as part of the dynamics of the Earth. This research presents a path, &amp;amp;#160;defined with disciplinary objectives and specific skills to be developed and monitored, with the aim &amp;amp;#160;to contribute in spreading a greater awareness of the dangers derived from natural phenomena. The training of students must pass through more effective methodological and educational approaches, active teaching, inquiry and investigation, promoting competences and skills. Since it is experienced that the usual transmissive approach of this content is not proving effective, a PBL approach was experimented. The different steps are to raise awareness of the&amp;amp;#160; territory in which one lives, through a geological and historical analysis of the context, the understanding of the natural and inevitable evolution of the territory, the speed and frequency with can occur, the surface that can be affected by different natural phenomena and the transformations into risks factors. Finally, awareness that their knowledge is the basis for preventing and vulnerable contexts is needed.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The research has highlighted the need of new and more effectives educational tools and paths, that has product a widespread awareness towards the need of a repertory of practical activities. These applied, investigative and hands-on activities have shown growth of skills and competences in the involved students. The double result of a greater awareness of environmental dynamics and risks and of greater skills, technical, such as knowing how recognize relationships, and of citizenship, seem to have been achieved.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The &amp;amp;#160;experience has also discoved new needs: the development of a unique and more consistent &amp;amp;#160;epistemology of the discipline, &amp;amp;#160;that is capable of giving links and coherence to phenomena, materials and processes, closely interconnected, but too often not recognized as a disciplinary unicum.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;