Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A Technique to Create Weaker Abstract Board Game Agents via Reinforcement Learning

Board games, with the exception of solo games, need at least one other player to play. Because of this, we created Artificial Intelligent (AI) agents to play against us when an opponent is missing. These AI agents are created in a number of ways, but one challenge with these agents is that an agent can have superior ability compared to us. In this work, we describe how to create weaker AI agents that play board games. We use Tic-Tac-Toe, Nine-Men's Morris, and Mancala, and our technique uses a Reinforcement Learning model where an agent uses the Q-learning algorithm to learn these games. We show how these agents can learn to play the board game perfectly, and we then describe our approach to making weaker versions of these agents. Finally, we provide a methodology to compare AI agents.
The Effectiveness of Using Quizizz Website as an Online Learning Evaluation at Seventh Grade Students in Junior High School Yos Sudarso Padang

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Quizizz Website as an evaluation in online learning at SMP Yos Sudarso Padang class VII. This research is a pre-experimental research using a quantitative design. The data source of this research is the seventh grade students of SMP Yos Sudarso Padang who are taking English subjects. The sampling technique was non-probability sampling which consisted of 1 class with 22 students. The data source of this research is an objective test using the Quizizz Website. The researcher conducted an analysis using a paired T-Test using SPSS 24. From the analysis data, the value of .Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000 0.05, and the T-count value is 5.294 T table 2.080. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of using the Quizizz Website as an evaluation in online learning.
Analysis Students' Anxiety in Writing English Paragraph at University of PGRI Sumatera Barat

Abstract This study aims to determine the anxiety in writing paragraphs in English by students of the English education study program at PGRI University, West Sumatra. This study uses qualitative research. This study uses a total sampling technique, namely students in sessions A and B, totaling 42 people. There are several indicators that cause anxiety experienced by students in writing English paragraphs, namely: Fear of negative evaluation and fear of the test, time pressure, low self-confidence, insufficient writing technique, language difficulties, lack of topical knowledge, lack of experience or insufficient writing practice and pressure for perfect work. Researchers used instruments to collect data, namely questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire is described from indicators consisting of 20 items. Based on data and analysis from questionnaires and interviews, most of the students showed anxiety in writing English paragraphs. Students experience the most common problems with stone pressure. Then, low self-confidence is also the lowest trigger of anxiety that students have in writing English paragraphs. Judging from the causes of anxiety in writing English paragraphs, students feel insecure about their ability to write English paragraphs. Keyword : Writing anxiety, writing English paragraphAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecemasan dalam menulis paragraf bahasa Inggris mahasiswa program studi pendidikan bahasa Inggris di Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif riset.Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling yaitu mahasiswa sesi A dan B yang berjumlah 42 orang. Ada beberapa indikator penyebab kecemasan yang dialami mahasiswa dalam menulis paragraf bahasa Inggris, yaitu: Fear of negative evaluation and fear of the test, time pressure, low of self confident, insufficient writing technique, language difficulties, lack of topical knowledge, lack of experience or insufficient writing practice and pressure for perfect work. Peneliti menggunakan instrument untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu kuesioner dan interview. Kuesioner tersebut dijabarkan dari indikator yang terdiri dari 20 item. Berdasarkan data dan analisis dari kuesioner dan interview, sebagian besar mahasiswa menunjukkan kecemasan dalam menulis paragraf bahasa Inggris. Siswa mengalami masalah yang paling umum dengan tekanan watu. Kemudian, rendahnya rasa percaya diri juga menjadi pemicu terendah kecemasan yang dimiliki siswa dalam menulis paragraf bahasa Inggris. Dilihat dari penyebab kecemasan dalam menulis paragraf bahasa Inggris siswa merasa tidak percaya diri akan kemampuan mereka dalam menulis paragraf bahasa Inggris.Kata kunci: Kecemasan menulis, menulis paragraf Bahasa Inggris
Transitional Words Used By The Students In Thesis Background of English Department At University Of PGRI Sumatera Barat

This study aims to analyze the accuracy of the use of transitional words in the background of the problems in the student thesis. This research is motivated by the problem of using transitional words in writing. This research is a qualitative descriptive study because the data collected is in the form of words using the content analysis method. The source of this research data is the thesis of PGRI University students graduating from the 2019/2020 academic year in the second period. Then, the data were analyzed using the techniques of (1) reading/recording, (2) describing, (3) classifying, and (4) interpreting. The results of this study found that some students used transitional words that matched the function and some students used transitional words that didn't fit the function. From this study, it was found that there were 77 transitionalwords used by students from 18 documents (background of the problem on thesis), the types of transitional words contained in 18 documents were To introduce an additional idea, To introduce an opposite idea, To introduce contrast, To introduce an example or illustration, To indicate a consequence or result, To introduce a restatement or explanation, To show cause and effect. Of the 77 transition words, 55 transitional words were found that were used correctly, and 22 transitional words were used incorrectly.
THE LEVEL OF STUDENTS’S ORAL COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION IN SPEAKING CLASSROOM

This research aims to investigate the level of students’ oral communication apprehension. Based on the phenomena found during teaching speaking in the Institutional Talk subject that most of the students were upset while doing speaking practice, the researchers concidered that it was very crusial problem to be solved. The design of this research was a qualitative approach. The populations in this research were the students who engaged in the speaking classroom that consists of 21 students at the first year students of English Department of Universityy PGRI Sumatera Barat at the academic year 2021/2022. In order to find out the level of students’ oral communication apprehension, a set of questionnaires adapted from McCroskey in Wrench et al (2009:57-58), known as The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) was used by the researcher in this research. The PRCA-24 is the instrument which is most widely used to measure communication apprehension. It is a 24-item scale that measures communication apprehension. It utilizes a 5-point of Likert scales ranging from (1) strongly agree to (5) strongly disagree. It is hoped that the findings of this research become the special concern for future reserachers in the field of oral communication.
Towards truly intelligent and personalized ICALL systems using Fluid Construction Grammar

Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning (ICALL) aims to design effective systems for the analysis of learners’ production in a target language ensuring both successful learning and motivated learners. Most of the existing systems, however, focus extensively on the form rather than on the meaning of language. To create effective systems facilitating personalized language learning both form and meaning should be considered. The reason behind this is that language is a continuous flow of information passing from one user or agent to another, both during comprehension and production. This becomes even more relevant in the case of second or foreign languages (L2), where certain linguistic choices may be dictated by inexact form-meaning links construed by the learner. In this research project, we focus on the analysis of the spoken production of adult learners of German, taking argument and information structure as a use case. We use Fluid Construction Grammar as a formalism, which captures relevant linguistic aspects at both the syntactic level (form) and the semantic level (meaning). Its particularity lies in the possibility of closely monitoring bidirectional form-meaning interactions starting from constructions of different nature modeled in an extensively customizable way. Our work is in progress, and we focus on ways to provide helpful feedback on meaning. German displays a rather articulated grammar and obtaining insights not only on its formal but also on its semantic correctness could offer important steps forward for Intelligent CALL. The design of computational systems for Intelligent CALL that can effectively support L2 learners in personalized learning requires a grammatical framework that is computationally effective and offers linguistic and acquisitional perspicuity (Schulze &amp; Penner, 2008).
TYPICAL ANALYSIS OF SUBJECT'S CREATIVITY AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

This study is devoted to the actual problem of identifying, describing and properly scientific interpretation of the typological features of the subject's creativity at the initial stage of educational and professional activity. Achieving the goal of the research is implemented consistently due to the analysis of scientific and methodological prerequisites of the research problem, collection and processing of empirical research material, its cluster analysis, etc. It was found that it is advisable to study the creativity of the subject of educational and professional activity taking into account the micro-age specifics of its formation, considering separately the verbal and non-verbal components of creativity, and analyzing the typology of verbal and figurative creativity, which can describe in more detail the main groups of students according to their leading features of creativity. Taking into account the above-mentioned considerations, we clustered the values of the indicators of verbal and visual creativity of students separately at the beginning, during and at the end of studies in higher education institutions. Based on the results of the research, it can be stated that at the current stage of the formation of pedagogical psychology, creativity is understood as a motivated ability to innovate, which is determined by a number of non-linear, multi-level personal characteristics of a person (motivational-personal, cognitive-operational and external factors). However, at the beginning of studies verbal and figurative creativity of students or agree with each other in the specific type to which it corresponds the dominance of figurative creativity over verbal creativity, or the creativity of first-year students is compensated by one type one - the type with low indicators of figurative creativity corresponds to the types with increased indicators of verbal creativity creativity It is proven that in the other case, on the contrary, the type of first-year students with a low level of verbal creativity corresponds to types with increased indicators of imaginative creativity.
Enhanced Fractional Order Lorenz System for Medical Image Encryption in Cloud-Based Healthcare Administration

Cloud technology is a new computing paradigm increasing at a frenetic pace.Recently, doctors have switched to cloud computing as it provides wide storage spaces.A medical image highlights the patient's physical condition.These medical images possess a stronger correlation and larger data volume than ordinary images.Moreover, the current image encryption methodologies have several limitations during the encryption of medical images.This paper enhances the Fractional Order Lorenz System and a Matrix Scrambling Method (FOLS-MSM) for achieving medical image encryption with maximized correlation, reliability, and high resolution.In particular, the Fractional Order Lorenz System is developed by integrating the potentialities of the Arnold map, Tent map, and Lorenz Map for attaining the image encryption process.Initially, the Arnold map is used for scrambling the initial value.Then, the tent map is used iteratively to determine the state values to locate the position of the plaintext pixel.Then, the fractional Lorenz system considers the moulded pixel as the input, and scrambling is attained using a matrix method to attain confusion.Moreover, it generates the pseudo-random sequence for performing the cross-diffusion process to obtain the encrypted image.The potentiality of the enhanced FOLS-MSM explored based on security analysis with respect to sensitivity, correlation, PSNR, key space, histogram, and entropy analysis confirmed its predominance over the baseline medical encryption schemes used for comparison.
Prix-LM: Pretraining for Multilingual Knowledge Base Construction

Knowledge bases (KBs) contain plenty of structured world and commonsense knowledge. As such, they often complement distributional text-based information and facilitate various downstream tasks. Since their manual construction is resource- and time-intensive, recent efforts have tried leveraging large pretrained language models (PLMs) to generate additional monolingual knowledge facts for KBs. However, such methods have not been attempted for building and enriching multilingual KBs. Besides wider application, such multilingual KBs can provide richer combined knowledge than monolingual (e.g., English) KBs. Knowledge expressed in different languages may be complementary and unequally distributed: this implies that the knowledge available in high-resource languages can be transferred to low-resource ones. To achieve this, it is crucial to represent multilingual knowledge in a shared/unified space. To this end, we propose a unified representation model, Prix-LM, for multilingual KB construction and completion. We leverage two types of knowledge, monolingual triples and cross-lingual links, extracted from existing multilingual KBs, and tune a multilingual language encoder XLM-R via a causal language modeling objective. Prix-LM integrates useful multilingual and KB-based factual knowledge into a single model. Experiments on standard entity-related tasks, such as link prediction in multiple languages, cross-lingual entity linking and bilingual lexicon induction, demonstrate its effectiveness, with gains reported over strong task-specialised baselines.
Pengembangan Metode Gisake Riset Ekonomi

This development research aims to produce a product of socio-economic research methods, namely: 1). The feasibility of using the GISAKE learning method, 2). The usefulness of using the GISAKE learning method, 3). The effectiveness of using the GISAKE learning method. Based on the identification of learning objectives by considering the curriculum that has been applied, namely the development of material from the 2013 curriculum on the material "designing and conducting socio-economic research", the socio-economic research method focuses on one material only, and the same method cannot be applied to other subject matter . The product that has been developed is then carried out by an expert validation test process, individual trials, small group tests and field tests. Based on the test results, the socio-economic research method is very valid, interesting, and effective and can be applied in classroom learning. This can be seen from the results of the validation test with the product feasibility level from each material expert of 90%, the product is effectively used with an average percentage score of 91%. The results of the small group product trial were found to be 87% and the class trial was carried out after going through the appropriate stages to be applied in a classroom learning. The results of the pretest and posttest trials were found to be quite satisfactory with an achievement level of value of 100%, which indicates that this product is able to boost student interest and learning outcomes in this case using a development product in the form of the GISAKE socio-economic research method in the socio-economic research design material. The results of this study indicate: 1). GISAKE learning method is feasible to be applied, 2). This GISAKE learning method received good appreciation, and 3). Very effective learning methods are used in socio-economic research design materials.
An Overview of Students’ and Teachers’ Factors, and Students’ Perspectives Towards Teachers’ Characters in English Learning

This study generally aims at examining any factors that cause the college students still find difficulties in learning English and if there are any bad things experienced by the students from their teachers. The problems in this study are: 1) What are the influences that cause the English students still find English lesson difficult to understand English even though they have learned English for more than 10 years? 2) Did the English students have any bad experiences from their English teachers in the classroom which cause them have difficulties in understanding English lessons? The method used by researchers in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The tools used in this study were video recorders and open-ended questions sheets. The primary data in this study is the respondents' answers to some questions delivered to them in the interview session. The respondents are the first-year students of batch 2018 at Gunadarma University located in Bekasi, West Java province. The researcher randomly selected 400 students who were studying English 1 and English 2 subject. It is found that the factors that cause the English learners still find some difficulties in learning English are caused by both internal and external factors. This study also revealed that some students had some bad experiences from their English teachers as long as they have studied English since they started learning English in kindergarten or primary school.
Formal Monotony Analysis of Neural Networks with Mixed Inputs: An Asset for Certification

The use of ML technology to design safety-critical systems requires a complete understanding of the neural network’s properties. Among the relevant properties in an industrial context, the verification of partial monotony may become mandatory. This paper proposes a method to evaluate the monotony property using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) solver. Contrary to the existing literature, this monotony analysis provides a lower and upper bound of the space volume where the property does not hold, that we denote “Non-Monotonic Space Coverage”. This work has several advantages: (i) our formulation of the monotony property works on discrete inputs, (ii) the iterative nature of our algorithm allows for refining the analysis as needed, and (iii) from an industrial point of view, the results of this evaluation are valuable to the aeronautical domain where it can support the certification demonstration. We applied this method to an avionic case study (braking distance estimation using a neural network) where the verification of the monotony property is of paramount interest from a safety perspective.
Reinforcement Learning with Guarantees that Hold for Ever

Reinforcement learning is a successful explore-and-exploit approach, where a controller tries to learn how to navigate an unknown environment. The principle approach is for an intelligent agent to learn how to maximise expected rewards. But what happens if the objective refers to non-terminating systems? We can obviously not wait until an infinite amount of time has passed, assess the success, and update. But what can we do? This talk will tell.
A Close Look at Few-shot Real Image Super-resolution from the Distortion Relation Perspective

Collecting amounts of distorted/clean image pairs in the real world is non-trivial, which seriously limits the practical applications of these supervised learning-based methods on real-world image super-resolution (RealSR). Previous works usually address this problem by leveraging unsupervised learning-based technologies to alleviate the dependency on paired training samples. However, these methods typically suffer from unsatisfactory texture synthesis due to the lack of supervision of clean images. To overcome this problem, we are the first to have a close look at the under-explored direction for RealSR, i.e., few-shot real-world image super-resolution, which aims to tackle the challenging RealSR problem with few-shot distorted/clean image pairs. Under this brand-new scenario, we propose Distortion Relation guided Transfer Learning (DRTL) for the few-shot RealSR by transferring the rich restoration knowledge from auxiliary distortions (i.e., synthetic distortions) to the target RealSR under the guidance of distortion relation. Concretely, DRTL builds a knowledge graph to capture the distortion relation between auxiliary distortions and target distortion (i.e., real distortions in RealSR). Based on the distortion relation, DRTL adopts a gradient reweighting strategy to guide the knowledge transfer process between auxiliary distortions and target distortions. In this way, DRTL could quickly learn the most relevant knowledge from the synthetic distortions for the target distortion. We instantiate DRTL with two commonly-used transfer learning paradigms, including pre-training and meta-learning pipelines, to realize a distortion relation-aware Few-shot RealSR. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmarks and thorough ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our DRTL.
Advocating teaching and learning cycle derived from genre-based approach in teaching writing

When writing in English, the students of SMA 15 Padang found two obstacles. The first issue was that the teacher's approach did not motivate students to write. This challenge increased the second issue, namely the students' apathy. The pupils were unmotivated and uninterested in writing. In other words, the students were uninterested. To address the two concerns, the researcher did a classroom action research that involved five stages: developing the context, modeling and deconstructing the text, cooperative production of the text, autonomous construction of the text, and linking to relevant text. The study found that implementing a teaching and learning cycle built from a genre-based approach might improve the teaching and learning process in writing classes. This was evident from the results of a checklist observation, which revealed that virtually all pupils appreciated the manner the instructor taught and that the majority of them were engaged in their study. The questionnaire results also revealed that 96 percent of the students were interested in the teacher's method and 98.8 percent of the pupils were already engaged in learning. By recording 10 pupils in each cycle, those data were also validated to the results of the interviews. According to the interview data, the majority of the students expressed an interest in the teacher's method and writing in English. Finally, implementing a teaching and learning cycle developed from a genre-based approach might increase students' enthusiasm to write in English. Hopefully, it will be a significant contribution for the teacher and other scholars to teach and conduct research, particularly in the teaching of writing.