Semantics, knowledge and advanced cyber‐infrastructure for intelligent applications

Concurrency and Computation: Practice and ExperienceEarly View e7022 EDITORIALFree Access Semantics, knowledge and advanced cyber-infrastructure for intelligent applications Xiaoping Sun, Xiaoping Sun Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorHai Zhuge, Corresponding Author Hai Zhuge haizhuge@gmail.com zhuge@ict.ac.cn orcid.org/0000-0001-8250-6408 Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Computer Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Correspondence Hai Zhuge, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Department of Computer Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 3ET, UK. Emails: haizhuge@gmail.com; zhuge@ict.ac.cnSearch for more papers by this author Xiaoping Sun, Xiaoping Sun Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorHai Zhuge, Corresponding Author Hai Zhuge haizhuge@gmail.com zhuge@ict.ac.cn orcid.org/0000-0001-8250-6408 Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Computer Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Correspondence Hai Zhuge, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Department of Computer Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 3ET, UK. Emails: haizhuge@gmail.com; zhuge@ict.ac.cnSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 April 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7022AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Semantics, knowledge and advanced cyber-infrastructure represent three communities of practice that have significantly influenced the development of computing technologies and systems. The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science challenges the existing research on semantics, knowledge, and cyber-infrastructure. Related research concerns the following topics: (1) semantics, specifically semantics modeling and semantic link networks including construction, discovery, analysis and management; (2) knowledge, specifically knowledge discovery in big data, methods for transforming big data into knowledge, Knowledge modeling and management, Knowledge Graph, and advanced computing infrastructures; (3) advanced cyber-infrastructure, specifically new data models, software tools and methodologies as well as advanced computing infrastructures for big data management; and, (4) applications based on semantics, knowledge and advanced computing infrastructure, including smart cities, healthcare, industries and advanced information services such as question answering, recommendation and summarization on multimedia integrating texts, pictures, and videos. This special issue is to report research development of the above areas, promote cross-area research and accelerate cross-area research. It includes four papers selected from open submissions and the selected papers presented at the 15th International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge, and Grids. Conference papers were significantly extended and reviewed as normal submissions. All accepted papers were published online first. The first paper introduces a link prediction algorithm that predicts relations between links based on network structure. It uses common neighbors and degree distribution of nodes to estimate the possibility of the presence of a link between nodes within network.1 It is an interesting research issue if research on link prediction can be extended to semantic link prediction on semantic link network. The second paper introduces a neural-based method for generating captions for images on news automatically. A multimodal pointer mechanism is proposed by using both textual attention and visual attention to compute pointer distributions. A multimodal coverage mechanism is defined to reduce repetitions of attentions or repetitions of pointer distributions. The proposed model outperforms the original pointer-generator network, the generic image captioning method, the extractive news image captioning method, and the LDA-based method.2 As other deep learning methods, the proposed method faces some challenges including interpretability. The third paper surveys two branches of research for combining graphics, uncertainty and semantics to develop a stronger modeling method: one is to combine graphics and uncertainty as probabilistic graphical models and then incorporate semantics, and the other is to combine graphics and semantics and then incorporate probability to handle uncertainty. The models and methods involved in these efforts including their expressiveness, pros, and cons are discussed.3 This survey helps establish links between different research directions. The fourth paper surveys the state-of-the-art chatbots for psychotherapy including a series of tasks necessary for future research. Techniques include retrieval-based methods and cognitive behavior therapy. The assessments show that chatbots can preliminarily recognize specific kinds of negative emotions and give relatively appropriate responses. The randomized controlled trials show that psychotherapy chatbots are useful for some people with mental health problem but more effective and safer psychotherapy chatbots are needed.4 The techniques for developing Chatbots can be used to develop intelligent agents in future cyber-physical-social environment. We have witnessed a great development of online communities and requirements of advanced information technologies during the unprecedented pandemic. One of the insightful visions is the cyber-physical society that integrate cyberspace that follows cyber principles, physical space that follows physical principles, and social space that follows socioeconomic principles.5 The development of digital twins in various domains provides the experience and technical basis for implementing the vision. A new research paradigm on science and engineering is emerging with the development of the fundamental research on semantics, knowledge and cyberinfrastructure that underpins various advanced intelligent applications.6 Open Research DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. REFERENCES 1 Mumin D, Shi LL, Liu L. An efficient algorithm for link prediction based on local information: considering the effect of node degree. Concurrency Computat Pract Exper. doi:10.1002/cpe.6289Web of Science®Google Scholar 2 Chen J, Zhuge H. A news image captioning approach based on multimodal pointer-generator network. Concurrency Computat Pract Exper. doi:10.1002/cpe.5721Web of Science®Google Scholar 3 Gao Y, Rafi MA. Combination of graphics, uncertainty, and semantics: a survey. Concurrency Computat Pract Exper. doi:10.1002/cpe.6711Web of Science®Google Scholar 4 Xu B, Zhuang Z. Survey on psychotherapy chatbots. Concurrency Computat Pract Exper. doi:10.1002/cpe.6170Web of Science®Google Scholar 5Zhuge H. The Knowledge Grid – Toward Cyber-Physical Society. World Scientific Publishing Co.; 2012. CrossrefGoogle Scholar 6Zhuge H. Cyber-Physical-Social Intelligence on Human-Machine-Nature Symbiosis. Springer; 2020. CrossrefGoogle Scholar Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issuee7022 ReferencesRelatedInformation