Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Kindergarten Teachers’ Challenges To The Teaching Of Literacy Skills Among Kindergarteners In Shama District Of Ghana

The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges teachers face when teaching literacy skills among early graders, specifically kindergarteners and how the identified challenges impede their smooth teaching of literacy skills. The study employed ethnography design. Data was gathered through semi-structured interview guide. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample 12 participants for the interview. Data were analyzed using content and thematic analysis procedures. The findings from the study revealed that challenges teachers encountered were related to; large class size, inadequate instructional resources, insufficient in-service training, and continuous professional development programmes, learning disorders, and absence of supportive adults in the lives of kindergarteners. It was recommended that Shama District Education Directorate in collaboration with headteachers of the selected schools should organize in-service training for teachers to expose them to current trends in literacy instructional skills, train them on how to assist learners with disorders, and how to manage large class size. Again, Directorate of Education in collaboration with headteachers should organize Parent Association meetings and seminars to enlighten parents and community members on the need to support and participate in their children’s education.
Presenting Scientific Data in R

<italic>Presenting Scientific Data with R</italic> provides a guide to data presentation using R. It offers valuable and applicable advice on how to choose the most appropriate type of graph for different types of data, and guides readers from the basics of plotting clear figures to producing polished and effective visuals, illustrating the core concepts and features of excellent graphing. This text uses simple biology-based example data sets to take readers from the essential aspects of basic plots to more advanced graphing techniques and details. The text starts off with an introduction. It then considers pie charts and tables for qualitative data. Next it looks at bar charts. There follow chapters on presenting single-sample data (i.e. histograms and boxplots) and comparing multiple samples. There is also a chapter that covers scatterplots for quantitative data. Finally, the text finishes with a couple of chapters on day-to-day customizing everything using R and specialist customizing everything using R.
Customizing everything using R: more specialist

This chapter outlines walk-throughs of R code using specific data examples. The aim of this is to provide generic and editable code for a range of plotting and design features. The chapter showcases the R code using examples of a bar chart and a scatterplot as a base to reference its respective customization. Design components (frames, images, background images, arrows, symbols, and shapes) can be added to figures with relatively little effort. Moreover, high-quality figures with inset plots can be achieved by modifying plot space parameters in an effort to avoid misleading readers when using a non-zero y-axis. The chapter also considers tricks used how to annotate images or geographic maps in the R plotting space.
Quantitative Research on Readability Formula of Texts for Chinese Heritage Language

The compilation of Chinese heritage textbooks has always adopted the standards of teaching Chinese as mother language or as second language. The difficulty level of the texts is mostly measured separately from the aspects of Chinese characters, vocabulary, and grammar. There is no comprehensive quantitative evaluation standard. Readability formula is one of the methods to comprehensively measure the difficulty of text. The present study made use of Chinese heritage textbooks as the source of data and constructed readability formula by the method of multiple regression analysis. The formula includes four language features, i.e., proportion of difficult words, number of different characters, average sentence length, and proportion of function words, which could explain 72.9% of the variation of text difficulty level. Limitations and future works of the formula are discussed.
Research on Chinese Teachers and College Students' TOEFL/IELTS English-Speaking Practice in the Post-Pandemic Era

In the post-pandemic era, the training of spoken English is transforming from traditional offline lectures to the blending of online and offline teaching. This study aims to guide Chinese students’ TOEFL/IELTS speaking performances by investigating the relevant factors around in-class teaching and apps using that influence students’ learning efficacy. The findings of this research indicate that teachers’ digital literacy and native English-speaking abilities are highly needed to support the blending of online and offline teaching modes in the post-pandemic era. Apps are expected to maintain and improve basic functions like memorizing vocabulary and use short and simple forms to save users’ time. Apps can also offer strategies to instruct users’ schedules, so students would avoid their loss of self in face of various functions and have a better immersive experience of practicing speaking English on apps. These results can be considered to improve teaching methods and app functions and support further research on improving Chinese students’ language scores in the post-pandemic era.
Introduction and getting started

This chapter introduces the importance of good graphing. It starts by acknowledging that data is the heart of all science. Since gathering data could be a messy process, data visualization allows the organization of data into a clear summary that showcases the findings in an accessible and engaging way. However, the best type of figure to use in graphing depends on the type of data and the data to express. For example, choosing colours for the graph can allow people to clearly communicate extra information with clarity and visual appeal. The chapter explains that R is a hugely flexible graph-drawing package that can be used with RStudio's user-friendly interface to achieve professional-quality figures.
THE ROLE OF VISUAL SOURCES IN TEACHING HUMANITARIAN DISCIPLINES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

International scientific conference «Pedagogy and psychology in the modern world: interaction vectors» : conference proceedings (August 2–3, 2023 Wloclawek, the Republic of Poland). Riga, Latvia : «Baltija Publishing», 2023. 88 pages.
APPLICATION OF CHATGPT IN TEACHING PHYSICS

International scientific conference «Pedagogy and psychology in the modern world: interaction vectors» : conference proceedings (August 2–3, 2023 Wloclawek, the Republic of Poland). Riga, Latvia : «Baltija Publishing», 2023. 88 pages.
Implementation of Load Balancing Per Connection Classifier on Mikrotik for Internet Services at Private Vocational Schools

The Internet network is important because now it has entered the 4.0 era, where all community activities are primarily carried out with the help of the Internet. Therefore, the internet network can also connect. One example of using the Internet is currently needed in the school environment. Teachers and students must carry out learning transformations that are usually paper-based and are presently changing through the Internet. As is the case with all teachers and students in private vocational schools. From the results of observations that have been made, not all teachers and students get good internet service. Then, when checking on the server side, it turned out that the internet network management was not following the standards in the field, so the three ISPs (internet service providers) were not being utilized optimally. One solution emerges from presenting these problems: combining and dividing the burden evenly among the three ISPs. The process of distributing the ISP load evenly is called load balancing. In this study, the load balancing method used is the Per Connection Classifier (PCC) method, which can work optimally. This study's findings indicate that the inefficiencies in internet service provision within private vocational schools are due to suboptimal internet network management practices, leading to the need for more utilization of the available internet service providers (ISPs), and proposes the implementation of load balancing as a solution
The Implementation of Problem Based Learning in Improving Students Reading Comprehension Through Small Group Discussion Strategy

The purpose of the study was to know implementation of Problem Based Learning Model through small group discussion to improve student’s Reading Comprehension. This study was conducted at SMKS Kr. Solagratia Tongkaina-Manado. The design of this study was pre-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test design. The subject in study was eleventh grade of Perhotelan class were academic year 2023/2024, which consisted of 15 students. The data collected through objective test with multiple choice. The data were analyzed by comparing the mean score of the test. The mean score of the post-test (T2) is 7.3 than those of pre-test (T1) 5.2. This heads to conclusion by implementing Problem Based Learning Model through small discussion could be improve students’ ability in Reading.
A Portray of Teaching English for Young Learners in Manado City: The Teacher’s Media, Method, and Challenges

This study aimed at describing the teaching of English to the kindergarten students in Manado City which contributed to the improvement of English Teaching and Learning quality for young learners. This study employed a descriptive qualitative research design with 14 teachers who taught English in 5 kindergartens as participants. The data was collected through interview to the participants and documentation of English learning materials and media. Then, the data was analyzed by applying three techniques; data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results revealed that the teachers who taught English designed the learning materials such as the alphabet, numbers, colors, animals, and days. In terms of teaching and learning media, seven teachers (50%) used the textbooks provided by the school. Two teachers (14%) used flashcards to help them convey the teaching material. Three teachers (22%) used pictures and two teachers (14%) used songs. The researchers found that 36% of the teachers used story telling method, 22% used singing, 21% made small groups, 14% conducted repetition, and only 7% applied the Role Play method. Moreover, findings on the challenges faced by the teachers in teaching English showed that the students’ difficulty in pronouncing English words, inadequate time to teach English, and the teacher’s non-English academic background became the factors influencing the teaching and learning process in Manado City Kindergartens.Keywords: Teaching English, Young Learners, Media, Method, Challenges
English Writing Anxiety, Writing Strategies and Writing Self-efficacy of Chinese College English Majors

The study tried to explore the relationship among English writing anxiety, writing strategies and writing self-efficacy of English majors from the educational and psychological point of view. In the survey research, respondents answered through the adopted questionnaires, and a total of 401 English majors from Anhui Xinhua University were involved in the study. Results showed that English writing anxiety, writing strategies and writing self-efficacy of English majors are significantly correlative. The study revealed that the anxiety level of English majors stays at a medium or low level, as well as the English writing strategies usage and writing self-efficacy. In terms of relationship of these three variables, the more English majors experienced writing anxiety, the better they employed the writing strategies and the higher experienced writing self-efficacy. In addition, the better the writing strategies applied in writing, the better are the writing self-efficacy. Therefore, an English writing curriculum enhancement plan was put forward to help English majors to improve their employment of English writing strategies, so that their writing ability and critical thinking ability will be enhanced eventually.
Research on the Practice of Smart Chinese Education in Primary Schools under the Network Environment

In the online environment, the practice of smart education in primary school Chinese language education is of great significance. The purpose of this study is to explore the practical methods and effects of smart Chinese education in primary schools in the online environment. By analyzing different practical cases, this study reveals the impact of smart education on primary school Chinese language education, in order to provide reference for improving the quality of education.
Tolerance of Ambiguity, Reading Strategies and Foreign Language Anxiety in English Learning

As a second language, learners may face difficulties such as tolerance of ambiguity, reading strategies and foreign language anxiety in the process of learning English, and these factors may have an impact on learners' language learning outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to delve into these factors and analyze their impact on English learning outcomes. This study adopts research methods such as questionnaires, experiments and text analysis to collect and analyze data on learners' tolerance of ambiguity, reading strategies and foreign language anxiety in the process of English learning. The study found that the level of learners' tolerance of ambiguity is related to factors such as their vocabulary, grammar knowledge level, reading ability and language background. In addition, learners' reading strategies are closely related to factors such as their reading speed, vocabulary, grammar knowledge level and reading purpose. Finally, foreign language anxiety negatively affects learners' language learning outcomes. The findings of this study indicate that factors such as tolerance of ambiguity, reading strategies and foreign language anxiety have important influences on English learning outcomes. Therefore, in teaching practice, corresponding teaching methods and strategies should be adopted to help learners improve their tolerance of ambiguity level, develop effective reading strategies and reduce foreign language anxiety.
The Guiding Role of Teaching Supervision in the Classroom—A Practical Research from Evaluation to Improvement

Teaching supervision plays an important role in education reform and development, providing guidance and assistance to teachers through evaluation and reflection to promote the improvement and enhancement of classroom teaching. Based on theoretical analysis and practical research of teaching supervision, this article explores the guiding role of teaching supervision in the classroom, as well as effective ways and methods to achieve teaching improvement, aiming to provide reference and inspiration for educational management and teacher training.
Research on the Application of Internet of Things Private Cloud Platform in Air Material Support

Information technology has triggered profound changes in modern warfare, and the Internet of Things is the inevitable direction of the development of air material security informationization. With the current problems such as low efficiency of air material support, untimeliness of accessing to support information and slow speed of response to support, this paper combines the development of information technology such as private cloud, Internet of Things and other information technology and the actual business needs of air material support. And the article achieves the overall design and demonstration of private cloud based on Internet of Things platform for air material support. On the basis of the existing network conditions, this paper plans the platform architecture and constructs private cloud service system, and consequently it achieves real-time perception, command and control, scientific decision-making of the whole process and elements of the activities of the air material support. The development of equipment guarantee informationization and the change of equipment guarantee mode are supported strongly.
Using Simulation as Project-Based Learning to Improve Students’ Speaking Skill on Business English Course

The aim of this study is to know the increasing students’ speaking ability by using simulation as project-based learning on business English course. This research used classroom action research with a combination of simulation method as project-based learning on the Business English course. The use of simulation has been implemented on the Business English course at Faculty of Economics, management study program at Kadiri Islamic University. Sixth-semester students performed presentations as simulations and practiced speaking in groups. This research was conducted in two research cycles which the average score of students' speaking performance increased significantly significant from 58.23 to 67.65. Students also have a positive perception to this method which most of students agree that simulation can provide motivation, simulation is a fun way of learning, and simulations provide learning experiences and provide more value from learning self-study. Students’ perception of project-based learning indicate that this method can improve their speaking performance. By the combination of simulation methods as project-based learning, students' speaking ability can increase.
Application Scenarios and Practice of Data Science in the Context of Big Data

With the development of the Internet, the era of BD (Big Data) is getting closer and closer. A country with mature BD has a future, and many enterprises cannot compete without BD. For example, BD can accurately position people's hobbies, the sales industry or service industry can use BD for precision marketing, and the development trend of BD includes data resource, data science, and the establishment of data alliances. Data science is a specialized discipline, a discipline born in the era of BD. It is at the intersection of statistics, machine learning and domain knowledge, and is an obvious interdisciplinary discipline. With the development of BD, data science must also develop with it. How data science develops and in which scenarios it can be applied remains to be studied. Through the research on BD and its development trend, and the theoretical research and analysis of data science, this paper aims to explore the specific application of data science, a new discipline, and practice it. Experiments have shown that applying data science to filtering spam and malware has a filtering rate of up to 95%. When applied to the sales industry, the predicted results are almost identical to the actual results. It has been confirmed that data science can collect, process, analyze data, and make predictive inferences. Data science can be applied to personalized content, navigation, and other scenarios that require prediction of results.
The Influence of the Second Classroom Construction on the Development of College Students in the New Era: the Example of Perfect Education in Taishan Institute of Science and Technology

The report of the 20th National Congress clearly puts forward that we should implement the fundamental task of establishing moral education and cultivate the builders and successors who develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically. In the process of deepening and implementing the strategy of developing the country through science and education and strengthening the strategy of supporting talents for modernization, the continuous exploration, promotion and improvement of the second classroom system in private colleges and universities continue to play the function of educating people in the whole school, in the whole process and in all aspects, and also continue to influence the development of college students in the new era. This paper takes the perfect education implemented by Taishan Institute of Science and Technology as an example and expounds the influence of the second classroom construction on the development of college students in the new era.
Blockchain-based e-Medical Record and Data Security Service Management based on IoMT resource

Electronic health records are essential and sensitive since they include vital information and are routinely exchanged across several parties, such as hospitals and private clinics. This data must remain accurate, current, secret, and available only to authorized parties. Integrating these data improves the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the present health data administration framework. Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are now kept utilizing the structure of the clientserver via whom patient data information is maintained in the hospital. Multiple hospitals use the same database to track a single patient. These limitations prevent a custom health system from providing various associated experts and patients with a cohesive, integrated, secure, and confidential medical history. Modern healthcare systems are distinguished by their complexity and expense. However, this may be mitigated by enhanced health record management and blockchain technology. The blockchain's data availability, confidence, and security characteristics have a bright future in healthcare services, giving solutions to the issues of the traditional customerserver architecture EMR management platform: intricacy, confidence, dependability, compatibility, and anonymity. An e-health record management based on IoMT (EHRM-IoMT) is proposed in this article. This paper explores and analyzes blockchain efficiency and customerserver paradigms. The findings show that a patient-centered strategy may achieve remarkable success utilizing blockchain. Moreover, the immutable and accurate data of persons in blockchain may enable healthcare practitioners to better forecast and aid with diagnosis utilizing the Internet of Medical Things via machine learning and artificial intelligence (IoMT).
Learning Objective-Specific Active Learning Strategies with Attentive Neural Processes

Pool-based active learning (AL) is a promising technology for increasing data-efficiency of machine learning models. However, surveys show that performance of recent AL methods is very sensitive to the choice of dataset and training setting, making them unsuitable for general application. In order to tackle this problem, the field Learning Active Learning (LAL) suggests to learn the active learning strategy itself, allowing it to adapt to the given setting. In this work, we propose a novel LAL method for classification that exploits symmetry and independence properties of the active learning problem with an Attentive Conditional Neural Process model. Our approach is based on learning from a myopic oracle, which gives our model the ability to adapt to non-standard objectives, such as those that do not equally weight the error on all data points. We experimentally verify that our Neural Process model outperforms a variety of baselines in these settings. Finally, our experiments show that our model exhibits a tendency towards improved stability to changing datasets. However, performance is sensitive to choice of classifier and more work is necessary to reduce the performance the gap with the myopic oracle and to improve scalability. We present our work as a proof-of-concept for LAL on nonstandard objectives and hope our analysis and modelling considerations inspire future LAL work.