Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Measuring Skill Growth and Evaluating Change: Unconditional and Conditional Approaches to Latent Growth Cognitive Diagnostic Models.

During the past decade, cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) have become prevalent in providing diagnostic information for learning. Cognitive diagnostic models have generally focused on single cross-sectional time points. However, longitudinal assessments have been commonly used in education to assess students' learning progress as well as evaluating intervention effects. Thus, it becomes natural to identify longitudinal growth in skills profiles mastery, which can yield meaningful inferences on learning. This study proposes longitudinal CDMs that incorporate latent growth curve modeling and covariate extensions, with the aim to measure the growth of skills mastery and to evaluate attribute-level intervention effects over time. Using real-world data, this study demonstrates applications of unconditional and conditional latent growth CDMs. Simulation studies show stable parameter recovery and classification of latent classes for different sample sizes. These findings suggest that building on the well-established growth modeling frameworks, applications of covariate-based longitudinal CDM can help understand the effect of explanatory factors and intervention on the change of attribute mastery.
A Survey on DDoS Mitigation Using Blockchain

Blockchain is a digital tracker that maintains instant and permanent records validated across a specific chain of computers. This process makes it easy to spot fraudulent behavior, making the transaction more secure. Hence it is very much important to ex plore on such emerging technologies which will be essential for applications such as Smart Property, Smart Contracts, Internet of Things, Financial Services etc. At- tacks like Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) pose a growing threat to computer networks and internet services. Existing strategies for mitigating DDoS attacks are inecient because of lacking resources and inexibility. Blockchains like Ethereum enable new ways to prevent against DDoS attacks:  Using  smart contracts, IP addresses of attackers can be signalized without additional infrastructure. The exponential increase of traffic volume makes DDoS attacks a top security threat to service providers and addressing this is the crux of Blockchain Technology. Bitcoin has been the most popular cryptographic currency since it was invented  and  it  is  the  best  example  that uses the Blockchain technology. To avoid an attack, the network uses the Blockchain consensus which addresses various algorithms such as Proof-of-Work(PoW), Proof-of-Stake(PoS) etc. This seminar work focuses on studying how Blockchain  can be used as a Security Mechanism to prevent Ddos Attacks which may also provide insights for implementation of certain applications.
Be Considerate: Objectives, Side Effects, and Deciding How to Act.

Recent work in AI safety has highlighted that in sequential decision making, objectives are often underspecified or incomplete. This gives discretion to the acting agent to realize the stated objective in ways that may result in undesirable outcomes. We contend that to learn to act safely, a reinforcement learning (RL) agent should include contemplation of the impact of its actions on the wellbeing and agency of others in the environment, including other acting agents and reactive processes. We endow RL agents with the ability to contemplate such impact by augmenting their reward based on expectation of future return by others in the environment, providing different criteria for characterizing impact. We further endow these agents with the ability to differentially factor this impact into their decision making, manifesting behavior that ranges from self-centred to self-less, as demonstrated by experiments in gridworld environments.
Paper counting display device based on STM32F103 single chip computer

Abstract This system uses the STM32F103 single-chip microcomputer as the control center, and the capacitance-to-digital converter FDC2214 collects the current paper value, performs data collection and transmits it to the main control single-chip microcomputer. Methods: Calculate accurate data through Kalman filtering, and accurately calculate and display the number of measured paper sheets on this basis. The device also sets a buzzer to accurately short circuit alarm. The circuit structure of the entire system is simple, and the reliability is high. Results: The system has high precision and fast speed, and can complete the basic requirements and expansion requirements of the problem. Although it is limited by time and venue, it can also have a high reference value for the design of practical applications such as detecting the number of banknotes. Conclusions: Experimental test results show that this design can complete the basic indicators required by the topic and play part of the content. This paper focuses on the hardware design, software design and test result analysis of the system.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN SANTRI TELADAN PONDOK PESANTREN AL MUNAWWIR KOMPLEK NURUSSALAM DENGAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) BERBASIS PHP

Al Munawwir Islamic Boarding School, Nurussalam Complex, is still considered a non- modern cottage, all types of calculation, inputting, analysis can still be said to have not been a computerized system. So to realize a modern boarding school there must be a system that can change the work to be more practical, easy, fast and correct.&#x0D; The Al Munawwir Islamic Boarding School Nurussalam Complex holds an Exemplary Santri Election every year. Because the existence of a model student santri election was made to produce inaccurate data, because all data retrieved was not based on a correct data.&#x0D; The results of the research conducted is the application program for the Santri Decision Support System modeled by the AHP Method. This Decision Support System Application is based on PHP. The application of this Decision Support System is only for helpers to make more accurate and accurate model student examples with data taken correctly
InfoGuides: Business Research Toolkit: Week 2: Industry Research

Modeled on the University of Alabama at Birgmingham, Sterne Library's award winning Business Research Toolkit Program, GMU's version is offered each Fall and Spring semester. The hands-on program introduces participants to business resources and research
Harmful Comments on Social Media

Social media has become a breeding ground for malicious, abusive, and offensive communications. These comments when posted online can contribute to or cause, inter alia, depression, anxiety, and isolation. However, where communications have caused harm to others, the restrictive guidelines issued by the Crown Prosecution Service can make it difficult to engage the law and prosecute the communicator. The justifications for the high threshold set are largely associated with protecting the right to freedom of expression. This article critically analyses these guidelines, arguing that too much protection is afforded to freedom of expression at the cost of many harmful comments going unchallenged. It is argued that harmful speech posted online should not warrant the same protections as other forms of speech such as political and intellectual speech. Although not all online comments result in harm, and while there are non-legal means to deal with unpleasant comments, it should be easier for those genuinely harmed to take legal action if necessary.
Character Chatbot - A Conversational AI Chatbot which can alter its Character according to User Specifications

A chatbot is a type of AI software, developed for the purpose of simulating a conversation with the user. They converse in natural language via messaging applications, websites, or any other form of communication platform. Some chatbots use extensive word-classification processes, Natural Language processors, and sophisticated AI, while others simply scan for general keywords and generate responses using common phrases obtained from an associated library or database. In our project, we have developed a model where the user can create a chatbot specific to a character. The user will be able to interact with the chatbot by giving it a few personality traits and the chatbot will be able to hold a conversation accordingly. If a personality is not specified then the chatbot has been given a default character - ‘Joey’ from the T.V. show ‘Friends’. We did this by using Simple Transformers Model along with the pre-trained model provided by Hugging Face. This includes the training dataset for various personality traits; but since we decided to give the chatbot a unique default character, we trained the model and fine-tuned it to a dataset we created ourselves in the same JSON format from every episode’s script of the show. Lastly, we used Tkinter package to build the GUI for the chatbot and connected it to our trained model and the chatbot was ready to chat
터널구조물 유지관리계측의 개선방안 연구

Purpose: Analyze the results of on-site inspection of the tunnel structure maintenance management monitoring and suggest improvement plans. Method: We investigate and analyze the problems of various items on maintenance monitoring of tunnel structure of 14 subway lines of Seoul subway in downtown area. Result: The maintenance monitoring items, measurement quantity and installation location are classified into open tunnel and excavation tunnel and improvement plans are suggested respectively. Various durability criteria of the measuring instruments were examined, and durability confirmation method suggested improvement measures such as approval, inspection, inspection and testing, calibration of monitoring sensors. Conclusion: Applying the improvement measures of the tunnel structure maintenance monitoring to the construction site will increase the efficiency of the maintenance monitoring and contribute to the development of construction monitoring technology.
The role of innovative lectures in the improvement of students ’ professional thinking

The article gives account of the findings of the research on the efficient lecturing techniques and the methods of enhancing students’ cognitive activity at lectures. The results of a survey at the university show that in the process of mastering the material, students are ranked fourth in terms of the effectiveness of lectures - training and production practice, workshops and laboratory classes, as well as independent study. In their view, e-manuals on a particular course prevent unnecessary summarizing of lecture materials and allow more time to be spent on the internship process.
Estimation of Dolomite resources in South Central Part of Anantapur District, AP, India Using Geospatial Techniques

Dolomite CaMg (Co 3 ) 2, is the common rock forming mineral and composed of the carbonates of calcium and magnesium with an equivalent proportion. Dolomite is the primary integral of the sedimentary rock called dolostone and the metamorphic rock called as dolomitic marble. Our method is allowing to confidently determine the location and their boundaries of local geological structures that are likely to contain dolomite resources in the study area of Anantapur, AP, India. Geospatial techniques like Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System are very useful for the estimation of natural resources using the Band rationing techniques.
The Grammar of Graphics

Data visualization has always been a very important part of statistics. It gives statisticians a way to share their findings with others in a concise and relatively easy-to-understand way. Given the fact that R is a programming language built by statisticians for statisticians, the R community has made a considerable effort to ensure that R users are able to effectively create visualizations to help them tell their data stories.
PERENCANAAN BANGUNAN PENGOLAHAN DI PERUMAHAN PESONA KHAYANGAN MARGONDA DEPOK

Clean water originating from certain water sources usually requires physical, chemical and biological treatment before being distributed to regions. The clean water treatment method most often used is physically and chemically, which consists of intake buildings and water treatment plants. After going through the physical and chemical processes in the treatment building, clean water will be distributed to each house. The first thing to do to plan for a clean water treatment plant is to have a regional layout for the treatment building to be built on and to know what water sources can be used in the area. After that, the plan discharge and available discharge can be found at the water source. Water discharge determines the specifications of pipes and pipe accessories used and can find out the remaining water pressure at each node point. Then it will also be known the height of the tower needed, including the pump power needed for clean water distribution. All of these data will determine the dimensions of the water treatment plant. The results of the planning show that the discharge at the water source is sufficient to be distributed to the Pesona Khayangan housing with Q available = 1106,201 m3 / sec, then Q requirement = 0.00778 m3 / sec..
The Future of the Web

The Web as an interface channel is an ever-changing field. It is a dynamic tech exhibiting transitions all the time in the tech-stack and the technologies. The recent decade has seen tremendous changes and the growing use of web and internet as a communication channel demands for even more changes.This paper describes the current trends in the web development domain and discusses the future scope of the current technologies being used. It explores the web universe, the successes already achieved in the field, and the research that is going on.
Modernizing Copyright with the Least Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market 2019/790

The article contains an analysis of the new regulation of copyright in the digital single market according to the adopted Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the digital single market and amending directives 96 / 9 / EC and 2001/29 / EC2019 / 790. It is one of the measures the EU is taking to modernize the existing regulatory framework. The study covers the reasons for the adoption of the directive, its nature and the expected results.
The Role of Entropy in Guiding a Connection Prover

In this work we study how to learn good algorithms for selecting reasoning steps in theorem proving. We explore this in the connection tableau calculus implemented by leanCoP where the partial tableau provides a clean and compact notion of a state to which a limited number of inferences can be applied. We start by incorporating a state-of-the-art learning algorithm -- a graph neural network (GNN) -- into the plCoP theorem prover. Then we use it to observe the system's behaviour in a reinforcement learning setting, i.e., when learning inference guidance from successful Monte-Carlo tree searches on many problems. Despite its better pattern matching capability, the GNN initially performs worse than a simpler previously used learning algorithm. We observe that the simpler algorithm is less confident, i.e., its recommendations have higher entropy. This leads us to explore how the entropy of the inference selection implemented via the neural network influences the proof search. This is related to research in human decision-making under uncertainty, and in particular the probability matching theory. Our main result shows that a proper entropy regularisation, i.e., training the GNN not to be overconfident, greatly improves plCoP's performance on a large mathematical corpus.
Practical JavaScript Concepts and Projects

This chapter looks at some useful JavaScript concepts and projects that span everything from menus to links, coloring, and positioning concerns. I’ve provided about 50 individual code examples with detailed descriptions for each. Some are a little complicated, but for these I’ve just included more explanations.
Whole rock chemistry, dating and tectonomagmatic setting of metagabbros from Qotur area, NW-Iran

The Qotur metamorphic complex in west of Khoy is consist of various metamorphic rocks including of metabasites, metapelitic and meta-calcareous rocks and serpentinites. The metagabbros form main outcropping rocks in the area. Plagioclase and pyroxene are the main porphyroclasts of metagabbros. Epidote, tremolite/actinolite, calcite and chlorite are formed during low grade metamorphism of these rocks. Based on geochemistry results, protolite compositions of the investigated rocks are plotted on the gabbroic field of the classification diagram. They have calc-alkaline magmatic series. Considering the discrimination tectonic diagrams the Qotur metagabbroic rocks have been formed at the island arc tectonic setting. On the basis of U-Pb zircon geochronological data, the rocks are formed at 162.6±7.6 Ma corresponds to the late Jurassic (Oxfordian). On the basis of results obtained from isotopic dating and geochemical data of the Qotur metagabbros, we suppose that they formed related to the sialic back arc basin of Neotethys, Jurrasic Island arc rocks of Sevan-Akera zone corresponds to the North branch of Neotethys oceanic suture and/or in continuation of the Piranshahr and Serow ophiolites as a Zagros-Bitlis Zone. However perecise results will be need to tectonic works and more geochemical and isotopic data from variety of metamorphic and igneous rocks.
Transaction Fee Mechanism Design

Demand for blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is far larger than supply, necessitating a mechanism that selects a subset of transactions to include on-chain from the pool of all pending transactions. EIP-1559 is a proposal to make several tightly coupled changes to the Ethereum blockchain's transaction fee mechanism, including the introduction of variable-size blocks and a burned base fee that rises and falls with demand. These changes are slated for deployment in Ethereum's London fork, scheduled for late summer~2021, at which point it will be the biggest economic change made to a major blockchain to date. The first goal of this paper is to formalize the problem of designing a transaction fee mechanism, taking into account the many idiosyncrasies of the blockchain setting (ranging from off-chain collusion between miners and users to the ease of money-burning). The second goal is to situate the specific mechanism proposed in EIP-1559 in this framework and rigorously interrogate its game-theoretic properties. The third goal is to suggest competing designs that offer alternative sets of trade-offs. The final goal is to highlight research opportunities for the EC community that could help shape the future of blockchain transaction fee mechanisms.
Speech Emotion Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Speech is the most natural and convenient ways by which humans communicate, and understanding speech is one of the most intricate processes that human brain performs. Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) aims to   recognize human emotion from speech. This is on the fact that voice often reflects underlying emotions through tone and pitch. The libraries used are Librosa for analyzing audio and music, sound file for reading and writing sampled sound file formats, sklearn for building the model. In the current study, the efficacy of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in recognition of speech emotions has been investigated.  Spectrograms of the speech signals are used as the input features of the networks. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) is used to extract features from audio. Our own speech dataset is used to train and evaluate our models. Based on the evaluation, the emotions (happy, sad, angry, neutral, surprised, disgust) of the speech will be detected.
Semantic-guided Automatic Natural Image Matting with Light-weight Non-local Attention

Natural image matting aims to precisely separate foreground objects from background using alpha matte. Fully automatic natural image matting without external annotation is quite challenging. Well-performed matting methods usually require accurate labor-intensive handcrafted trimap as extra input, while the performance of automatic trimap generation method of dilating foreground segmentation fluctuates with segmentation quality. Therefore, we argue that how to handle trade-off of additional information input is a major issue in automatic matting. This paper presents a universal semantic-guided automatic natural image matting pipeline with light-weight non-local attention without trimap and background image as input. Specifically, guided by semantic information of coarse foreground segmentation, Trimap Generation Network estimates accurate trimap. With estimated trimap and RGB image as input, our light-weight Non-local Matting Network with Refinement produces final alpha matte, whose trimap-guided global aggregation attention block is equipped with stride downsampling convolution, reducing computation complexity and promoting performance. Experimental results show that our matting algorithm has competitive performance with current state-of-the-art methods in both trimap-free and trimap-needed aspects.
DEVELOPING ROW-VOCABPOLY AS A MEDIA OF TEACHING VOCABULARY FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

As a matter of fact, vocabulary is essential for any language learners. Unfortunately, based on observation done by the researcher on the teaching-learning process of English vocabularies in SMPN 1 Trenggalek was disappointing enough. Thus, this research aims to develop vocabulary teaching media for students of SMPN 1 Trenggalek. The press is dedicated for them to make them interested in vocabulary learning with fun, challenging and contextual material in it. This research was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D). Meanwhile, the subject of this research was the J class of SMPN 1 Trenggalek. The entire matter was 31 students, consisted of 15 males and 16 females. The researcher had done a need analysis to know students' needs, and then she continued studying some recent theories, developed the products and validated the products to the expert. Further, the researcher did field testing of the product in the class and collected the data of the research using questionnaire and observation field note. The finding of the questionnaire in the process of need analysis resulted in a total percentage of 93.5%. Based on the result, it could be categorized as very strong, and it can be said that the findings of questionnaire implementation on need analysis could be used as a basis for developing vocabulary teaching media. As the media had been fully developed, the researcher validated the product development to the expert. The last, the findings of the questionnaire after field testing the product proved that most students agreed that the media is appropriate with them and automatically make them fun, motivated and challenged in vocabulary learning. Based on the research findings above, it can be concluded that the developed teaching media were successful in fulfilling the students' needs.
Library Research Guides: Zines: History

This guide is meant to be an introduction to zines by giving a brief overview of the history of the medium, some tips for creating your own zines, and listing different local zine resources.
Library Home Page: Geography: Streaming Videos

The Geography library guide has links to various websites that can help you with your research whether you're looking for books, e-books, web resources, maps, statistics, streaming videos, or encyclopaedia or journal articles.
Toward an optimal quantum algorithm for polynomial factorization over finite fields

We present a randomized quantum algorithm for polynomial factorization over finite fields. For polynomials of degree n over a finite field Fq, the average-case complexity of our algorithm is an exp...