Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Contrast scaling of perceived depth from disparity depends on both global surface configuration and disparity gradient

The perceived depth from disparity in random-dot stereogram depends on both luminance contrast and the spatial frequency (SF) of depth modulation (Chen et al., 2016). Here, we varied the number of cycles to investigate whether this effect may be due to local disparity gradient or global surface configuration. The test stimuli were rectangular random dot stereograms (1.27 × 3.44 degree) with three kinds of surface configuration: (a) a low SF (0.29 cy/deg) single-cycle cosine bulge, (b) a high SF (0.87 cy/deg) single-cycle cosine bulge, and (c) a high SF (0.87 cy/deg) three-cycle corrugated surface. For each surface configuration, maximum test disparity ranged from −20 to 20 arcmin while luminance contrast ranged from 5% to 80%. The observers adjusted the length of a horizontal bar to match the perceived depth in the test stimuli. In all conditions, the perceived depth for both near and far disparities was an inverted-U shape matching function of physical disparity. As in our previous study, both the perceived depth magnitude and the disparity of the peak of the matching function increased sigmoidally with luminance contrast. Both the magnitude and peak disparity were the largest for high SF single-cycle bulge followed by the low SF single-cycle bulge, and then the three-cycle corrugated surface. Our results suggest that not only local disparity gradient but also global surface configuration affects disparity processing. Such effects can be captured by a multiple-stage model in which the perceived depth is determined by the weighted average of several nonlinear contrast gain control mechanisms, each with a different disparity selectivity. Furthermore, since more than one disparity lies in the channel receptive field, the response of the cells vary with disparity gradient, hence, generating different perceived depth for different surface configurations.
A fast background model using kernel density estimation and distance transform

Background modelling is a key factor for foreground detection, which is imperative for people counting in a dynamic environment. In this paper, a background model with improved fast kernel density estimation technique while adopting distance transform is proposed for people counting. The kernel density estimation background model is improved by early-break method and LUT. Distance transform adopted is used to separate people who are closed together as one blob. It has been tested in a 2.6 GHz Intel Core computer with 25 fps on 432 × 240 images without code optimisation. The result shows that the improved method can be used in real-time processing and has a good result.
Antecedents of Blockchain Technology Adoption Intentions in the Supply Chain

Supply chain involves a lot of transactions among the stakeholders. Blockchain technology will make a revolutionary change the way how transactions are being carried out. Blockchain removes all the disadvantages which are related to trust among stakeholders and gives better visibility and transparency. The present study explores factors that affect blockchain technology adoption in the supply chain. The current study is based on the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) with trust model. Data was collected from 363 supply chain practitioners from India. The results of the present study indicate that behavioural intentions are positively and significantly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, price value, and trust. The study also lists out various aspects for future research regarding the implementation of blockchain in supply chain management.
The contralateral delay activity tracks the storage of sequentially presented colors and letters

The contralateral delay activity (CDA) is an event-related potential that is generally believed to be a neural index of visual working memory (VWM) storage, based on consistent electrophysiological findings that its amplitude during visual information retention period tracks the number of items stored in working memory. Despite the consistent and robust CDA findings for stimuli presented simultaneously in a visual array, there are still controversies about whether the amplitude of CDA reflects the storage of the summed number of sequentially presented stimuli, or attention to the most recently presented items. In the present experiment, event-related potentials were recorded while participants completed a lateralized visual change-detection task where each object was presented sequentially. Participants were shown bilateral pairs of one, three, or six sequentially presented colored squares or letters, such that they need to encode a single item in the attended hemifield with each stimulus onset. They then decided whether or not one of the objects in a test array were different from the stream of objects they had just seen. Behavioral accuracy of change detection decreased with increasing set size for colored squares and letters. The amplitude of CDA increased with the number of items stored in VWM for both colored squares and letters. These results suggest that the amplitude of CDA reflects the summed storage of sequentially presented stimuli and not only the most recently attended colored object or letter.
From Accent to Vocal Groove

This chapter presents a model of vocal groove in rap delivery, defined as reiterating patterns of durations between accents. It shares with recent theories of groove emphases on repetition, virtuality, and syncopation; in contrast, it departs from these by de-emphasizing human motion, microtiming, group interaction, and large time frames. The inter-accent durations of flow are understood to be 2 or 3 units long (i.e., “eighth notes” or “dotted eight notes”) and sum to one measure (i.e., 16 units), resulting in seven distinct “groove classes.” Because some listeners are permissive of slight alterations in accent placement, the model differentiates between adaptive listeners (who switch grooves whenever necessary) and persistent listeners (who try to maintain grooves). The chapter concludes with a segmentation method modeling these two kinds of listeners.
On Extraction out of the Argument Ellipsis Site

This paper addresses interesting extraction patterns in nominal ellipsis. Based on Han, Kim, Moulton, and Lidz’s (to appear) recent proposal that the internal structure exists in null argument position in Korean, we investigate under what context a constituent could be extracted from the nominal, part of which has been elided. This paper demonstrates that extraction out of phasal ellipsis is prohibited but it is possible from phasal complement ellipsis (Bosković 2014, Sakamoto 2019). We will take numeral-classifier (NumCl) constructions into consideration and explain the derivations of either a NP host or a NumCl phrase being stranded in nominal ellipsis. We argue that the standard NumCl structure, in which a number head takes the NP in its complement position, is incompatible to the argument ellipsis approach since it would over-generate. As an alternative, we adopt the Relator head-based analysis for nominals where the host NP merges SpecRP and the NumCl phrase merges complement position of RP (den Dikken 2006, Park 2009), and argue that the alternative approach is superior to the standard analysis for the distribution of NumCl constructions in nominal ellipsis.
The critical reliance of early visual cortex on the fractal structure of natural scenes

Despite considerable variability in the visual appearance of natural scenes, they share many statistical regularities. Firstly, natural scenes are similar in their photometric properties as they share a unique distribution of luminance intensity variations known as the 1/f⊠ amplitude spectrum (⊠ ≈ 1). Secondly, natural scenes are similar in their geometric properties as they each contain a similar density of structure across spatial scales—a property that makes them fractal (e.g. in how the branching pattern of a tree is similar irrespective of scale). Since the visual system has evolved in a natural environment, it is likely that it is tuned to both its photometric and geometric properties—but to what extent? Is it critically reliant on photometric characteristics which can change dramatically depending on the illumination of a scene? Or is it preferentially tuned to geometry which remains stable irrespective of illumination? Here we use both psychophysics and fMRI to measure perceptual sensitivity (4AFC “odd one out” task) and BOLD responses in visual areas V1–V4 (N = 10) to three different stimulus image types—greyscale, thresholded, and edges. While each image type shares the same geometric properties, their photometric properties differ dramatically. If the visual system is preferentially tuned to natural geometry, we should observe virtually no difference in the pattern of activity across image type conditions—which is exactly what we find. Both sensitivity and BOLD activity show a characteristic dependency on the geometric properties of an image, peaking for stimuli which had the most natural geometry across all image types despite large differences in their photometric properties. This suggests that both behaviourally and physiologically, the visual system is critically reliant on the geometrical, fractal, structure of natural scenes—a property of which remains stable irrespective of scene illumination.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE SNOWBALL THROWING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS DI SMP NEGERI 22 SAMARINDA TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019

Snowball Throwing Model is a learning model applied by teachers in teaching and learning activities, the application of varied learning models can create a useful and enjoyable learning atmosphere. This study aims to determine the implementation of the Snowball Throwing model to learning in social studies subjects, learning activities on social studies topics, increase student learning activities after applying the Snowball Throwing learning model. This research was conducted in Samarinda State Junior High School 22 in grade VIII-C 33 students. Data collection in this research is to use observation techniques, questionnaires to determine student learning activities. The results showed that there was an increase in student learning activities by applying the Snowball Throwing model in each cycle, in the first cycle the average value of student learning activities was categorized as not good in the amount of 35.30%. In the second cycle obtained an average cost of learning activities students are categorized as better in the amount of 77.90% of cycle I. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of this Snowball Throwing model can increase learning activities of class VIII-C students in social science subjects at SMP Negeri 22 Samarinda.
PENGARUH MUHADHARAH TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA INDONESIA PESERTA DIDIK MAN INSAN CENDEKIA OKI

This research discusses about muhadharah effect to speaking skills in Indonesian language to students of MAN Insan Cendekia OKI. The aim of this research is to identify muhadharah effect to speaking skills in Indonesian language to students of MAN Insan Cendekia OKI. To get the result, the writer used descriptive analythical method and analyzed by the theory of speak skills factors of Arsjad G. Maidar. The data sources are obtained from observation, video of muhadharah, and muhadharah participant friends interview. After researcher did the research from 8 samples, the reasearcher found that muhadharah can improve speaking skill in Indonesian language to students of MAN Insan Cendekia OKI
Resolution of multiple ambiguous feature representations: Does it depend on whether features are bound to a single object?

Purpose and Background: How does the visual system resolve multiple ambiguous features’ neural representations? Is resolution of features’ representations facilitated when the features are integrated within a single object, compared to resolution of the same feature representations in separate objects? When two visual stimuli share one ambiguous feature (e.g., color ambiguity from chromatic rivalry in both members of a pair of discs, or orientation ambiguity in a pair of Necker cubes), both stimuli are seen as identical more often than chance (Babich and Standing, 1981; Slezak and Shevell, 2018). This occurs also with a pair of stimuli having two ambiguous features (orientation and color; Lange and Shevell, OSA FVM 2018). Experiments here test the following question: In one or two pairs of objects, is perceived identity for both of two ambiguous features greater when those two ambiguous features are integrated components of each object, compared to when they are distributed across separate objects? Methods: Four observers completed two sessions, viewing in one session a pair of Necker cubes presented in red-green chromatic interocular-switch rivalry (cISR; Christiansen, D’Antona, and Shevell, 2017), and in the other session a pair of non-rivalrous gray Necker cubes adjacent to red-green cISR discs. In both sessions, observers reported via button presses when both rivalrous colors appeared identical and also when both Necker cubes’ orientations appeared identical. The proportion of viewing time with identical color-and-cube-orientation percepts was compared between sessions. Results and Conclusions: For three of four observers, identical-color-and-orientation proportions were not significantly different between the two sessions (always p > 0.1, tested separately for each observer). For one observer, identical-color-and-orientation proportions were significantly lower for cubes presented in red-green cISR (p< 0.0001). Thus, there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that integration of different features in a single object facilitated resolution of those ambiguous features.
Mobile Based Smart Currency Detection System For Visually Impaired

India holds the largest population for visually impaired people which keeps on increasing day by day. In this study, I would like to suggest an implementation of a system that deal with currency recognition for visually impaired using image processing techniques such as segmentation and feature extraction. In addition to this, K- nearest neighbor and canny edge detection algorithm is also used.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PICTURE AND PICTURE BERBANTU MEDIA GASER TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS KARANGAN NARASI KELAS V SD NEGERI KARANGREJO 2 BONANG SEMESTER GENAP TP 2018/2019

Abstract: The Effectiveness Of The Picture And Picture Models Assisting Gaser Media Towards Writing Ability Narration In Class V Subject SD N Karangrejo 2 Bonang Even Semester TP 2018/2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the picture and picture model assisted by gaser media on the ability to write narrative essays of grade V students SD N Karangrejo 2 Bonang. The research method used is quantitative research. The research instrument used was an interview sheet, a question instrument in the form of description, and documentation of student learning outcomes. The collection techniques used in this study were interviews, tests, and documentation. The results of the study using t-test two samples obtained t count = -2.29157&gt; t table = 2.01537. Because tcount&gt; t table, then H0 is rejected which means that the narrative essay writing skills of students in the experimental class are different from the control class. It can be concluded that the Picture And Picture model is assisted by effective media on the ability to write narrative essays in V grade students SD N Karangrejo 2 Bonang Even Semester 2018/2019. The t test for one sample obtained t = 3,632932&gt; t table = 2,06866. Because tcount&gt; t table. Then H0 is rejected, so it can be concluded that students' narrative writing skills can achieve good criteria by applying the Picture And Picture learning model to media images.Keywords: Picture And Picture, cheerful, writing narrative essaysAbstrak: Keefektifan Model Picture And Picture Berbantu Media Gaser Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Karangan Narasi Kelas V SD Negeri Karangrejo 2 Bonang Semester Genap TP 2018/2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan model picture and picture berbantu media gaser terhadap kemampuan menulis karangan narasi siswa kelas V SD N Karangrejo 2 Bonang.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif.Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar wawancara, instrumen soal bentuk uraian, dan dokumentasi hasil belajar siswa.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji t dua sampel diperoleh thitung = -2,29157&gt;ttabel = 2,01537. Karena thitung &gt; ttabel, maka H0 ditolak yang berarti keterampilan menulis karangan narasi siswa pada kelas eksperimen berbeda dari kelas kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Picture And Picture berbantu media gaser efektif terhadap kemampuan menulis karangan narasi siswa kelas V SD N Karangrejo 2 Bonang Semester Genap 2018/2019. Uji t satu sampel diperoleh thitung=3,632932&gt;ttabel=2,06866. Karena thitung &gt; ttabel. Maka H0 ditolak, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan menulis narasi siswa dapat mencapai kriteria baik dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Picture And Picture berbantu media gambar seri.Kata Kunci : Picture And Picture, gaser, menulis karangan narasi
Long-term spatial memory representations in human visual cortex

Space is a primary organizing dimension in the visual system, with over 20 visual field maps identified in human neocortex. Activity evoked in neocortical areas during perception is thought to be reinstated during later memory retrieval. Memory-driven activity is unlikely to be identical to perceptual activity, but how it differs is unknown. We used fMRI to investigate whether and how remembering learned visual stimuli evokes topographically organized responses in many visual areas. We first trained human subjects to associate colored fixation dot cues with spatially localized stimuli. Stimuli were four unique radial frequency patterns presented at 45°, 135°, 225°, or 315° of polar angle and 2° eccentricity, each paired with a different fixation color. After subjects demonstrated reliable memory performance, we collected fMRI data while subjects either viewed or recalled these stimuli in separate scans. We used population receptive field (pRF) models estimated from independent data to evaluate the BOLD response during memory retrieval as a function of preferred visual field location. We found that memory reactivation is precisely retinotopically mapped, with peak activation during memory at cortical locations whose pRF centers matched the location of the remembered stimulus. There were also clear systematic differences between perception and memory. Memory activation was lower amplitude than visual activation, and this difference was largest for early visual areas. Further, while the spatial profile of visually-driven responses became increasingly broad in higher visual areas (V1: 51°; V3ab: 148°, FWHM), the spatial profile during memory retrieval was similarly broad in all visual areas measured (V1: 123°; V3ab: 109°). We simulated a simple hierarchical model of cortical feedforward and feedback responses that may account for these observations. Our findings support the hypothesis that memory representations make use of sensory maps, but point to differences in how feedforward and feedback activity may propagate through this system.
Security and confidentiality of network communication using chaotic encryption technology

The rapid development of network communication puts forward higher requirements for the security of communication, and chaotic encryption technology is a mature and effective method in the field of security and secrecy. In this study, the application of chaotic encryption technology in network comm unication security and confidentiality was studied. Firstly, the chaotic encryption technology was briefly introduced. Then a network communication system based on chaotic encryption technology was established, and the specific establishment process was analyzed. Finally, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) randomness test, secret key sensitivity test and confidentiality analysis based on information throughput were carried out to analyze the security and confidentiality of the system. The results showed that the system passed NIST randomness test, effectively defended the external attacks, and kept a favourable stability of confidentiality under different throughput. The experimental results proves the good security of chaotic encryption algorithm in the field of network communication and provides some bases for its specific application.
Introduction to Sockets and Web Services

In the following two chapters we will explore socket based and web service approaches to inter process communications. These processes may be running on the same computer or different computers on the same local area network or may be geographically far apart. In all cases information is sent by one program running in one process to another program running in a separate process via internet sockets. This chapter introduces the core concepts involved in network programming.
Use of Electronic Information Resources in Medical and Allied Colleges of Goa State: An Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to know the preference of electronic resources, to find out the need and satisfaction of electronic information, and to identify the respondents’ opinion about IT skills and co-operation of library staff. Methodology: Survey method adopted for the present study. A structured questionnaire was designed keeping in view of the objectives in mind and distributed to the students and faculty members and collected the required primary data from medical, dental, nursing, pharmacy, homoeopathic and Ayurveda colleges in the state Goa. Collected data were analyzed using statistical tools. Findings: It is clear from the study that, about 19 per cent of the respondents prefer online database where the percentage of faculties is around 39 per cent and that of students is around 47 per cent. All these reveal that e-journals, e-books and DVD/ CD ROM database are the most preferred electronic resources. Majority of the respondents account for about 63 per cent are fully satisfied with e-journals, e-books and e-database. In the study area maximum per cent of respondents who used electronic journals published by Science Direct, Oxford University Press, Medknow and Elsevier Science range from 22.9 to 26.6 that is about one-fourth of the total respondents.
Analysis of the Word2Vec Model for Semantic Similarities in Indonesian Words

This paper examines the calculation of similarity between words in Indonesian by using the Word2Vec representation technique. Word2Vec is a model used to represent words into vector shapes. The model in this experiment was formed using the 4GB Indonesian Wikipedia corpus and then used the cosine similarity calculation method to determine its similarity value. This model is then tested with the gold standard set WordSim-353 and SimLex-999 which have been labeled with similarity values according to human ratings. To find out the accuracy of the correlation using the Pearson correlation. The results of the correlation of this study are 0.5663 for WordSim-353 test data using window size 14 and dimensions vector 150, and 0.3472 for SimLex-999 test data using window size 2 and dimensions vector 300. The results of the experiments show that the correlation between the gold standard and system techniques is still relatively weak.Our source code and data are available at : https://github.com/louistenmanalu/Word2Vec-Analysis-for-Indonesia-Languange.git.