Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Manipulations and quantum tomography of bright squeezed states

Generation and manipulation of continuous variable quantum states are the building blocks of quantum communication, quantum key distribution and quantum networks. According to the second-order nonlinear process of the periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal, we design a semi-monolithic optical parametric amplifier (OPA) cavity to generate the bright squeezed light at a wavelength of 1064 nm. With the injection of a seed beam, the squeezed state generated by the OPA has a coherent amplitude, so called bright squeezed state. The squeezing level is directly observed to be –11.6 dB when the pump power is 310 mW at an analysis frequency of 3 MHz. However, with the increase of the pump power, the purity of the squeezed state gets lower and lower due to the increased influence of the anti-squeezing quadrature component on the squeezed quadrature component in the detection process. To obtain a higher purity of the squeezed state for achieving linear optical manipulation and quantum tomography, we choose the pump power of 50 mW, the squeezing level decreases to –6 dB, and the purity of the squeezed state is 98.5% in this case. An electro-optic modulator is adopted to realize the liner manipulation of the squeezed light in the phase space. During the measurement of the bright squeezed state, all the data are taken on condition that the length of the OPA cavity and relative phase between the seed beam and the pump beam are locked by a locking loop. The direct current (DC) signal of the balanced homodyne detection (BHD) is used to accurately determine the phase corresponding to the time domain signal of the squeezed state, while the alternate current (AC) signal of the BHD is mixed with the signal generated by the function generator, after passing through a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter, the signal is then amplified by using a low-noise amplifier. A high-performance oscilloscope is finally used to simultaneously collect the signals, thus obtaining the quantum noise signal of the bright squeezed light after linear manipulation. Together with the maximum likelihood estimation algorithm, the quantum tomography, the density matrix and the Wigner function of the bright squeezed light are obtained, that is, all the information such as the photon number distribution of the quantum state is determined. Multiple iterations are taken in the maximum likelihood estimation algorithm process to eliminate the influence of the low quantum efficiency on the detection system, so that the density matrix is fitted well with the theoretical results.
Mastering stakeholders’ engagement to reach national scale, sustainability and wide adoption of digital health initiatives: lessons learnt from Burkina Faso

Although low-income countries have recently seen an exponential flourishing of digital health initiatives, the landscape is characterised by a myriad of small pilots that rarely reach scaling, sustainability and wide adoption. The case of Burkina Faso represents an exception where a digital health initiative initially conceived to improve the diagnosis of sick children under 5 has supported millions of consultations. Technical aspects such as interoperability, standardisation, and adaptation to the existing infrastructure were considered as they are prerequisites for scaling; so was the demonstration of the health impact and affordability of the initiative. Beyond those factors which are largely documented in the literature, the experience in Burkina Faso showed that the positive outcome was also determined by the support of numerous stakeholders. A vast network of stakeholders from the Ministry of Health to child caregivers is involved and each of them could have either blocked or promoted the digital health initiative. Thanks to an extensive, time-consuming and tailored stakeholder strategy, it was possible to avoid potential blockages from multiple actors and gain their engagement.
Lexicon Learning for Few-Shot Neural Sequence Modeling

Sequence-to-sequence transduction is the core problem in language processing applications as diverse as semantic parsing, machine translation, and instruction following. The neural network models that provide the dominant solution to these problems are brittle, especially in low-resource settings: they fail to generalize correctly or systematically from small datasets. Past work has shown that many failures of systematic generalization arise from neural models' inability to disentangle lexical phenomena from syntactic ones. To address this, we augment neural decoders with a lexical translation mechanism that generalizes existing copy mechanisms to incorporate learned, decontextualized, token-level translation rules. We describe how to initialize this mechanism using a variety of lexicon learning algorithms, and show that it improves systematic generalization on a diverse set of sequence modeling tasks drawn from cognitive science, formal semantics, and machine translation.
Methodology and mechanisms for federation of heterogeneous metadata sources and ontology development in emerging collaborative environment

Purpose Leading-edge information and communication technology provides the base to facilitate obtaining, interoperating and federating shared metadata knowledge in collaborative networks from multiple heterogeneous data sources. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology and a set of mechanisms to support this task in the collaborative environment. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors first identify and capture four main typical sources to find or generate metadata knowledge for shared data in emerging networked environments, including existing well-designed metadata, the typical ones are relational schemas of existing databases in the environment; fragmented metadata sources, i.e. metadata that can be realized from existing mission statements and example application scenarios in the environment, usually characterized by their fragmented, lightweight and behavior-intensive features; extracting metadata for simple labeled unstructured data, e.g. textual communications among its stakeholders; and semantic constraints on metadata, e.g. the temporal data behavior could be generated from governance policies in the environment. Second, the authors introduce their systematic methodology to the unification of the resulted metadata consisting of four semiautomated unification steps that gradually develops and enhances a unified ontology for the environment, formalized in web ontology language. Findings The methodology steps and their corresponding mechanisms are described and exemplified in detail in this paper. Furthermore, this paper presents the outcome of applying the authors’ methodology to an example emerging case through the generation of a unified ontology for that environment. Originality/value The addressed example application area is a real case in the field of higher education in China and therefore serves as a proof of concept and verification of the effectiveness of the authors’ proposed approach.
User-defined cloud

Since its creation, cloud computing has always taken a provider-dictated approach, where cloud providers define and manage the cloud to accommodate the user needs they deem important. We propose "User-Defined Cloud", or UDC, a new cloud scheme that allows users to define their own "clouds", by defining hardware resource needs, system software features, and security requirements of their applications, and to do so without the need to build or manage low-level systems.
Applying Secret Image Sharing to Economics

Economics has some limitations, such as insecure multiple parties economical investment decision and leakage of business quotation. Secret image sharing (SIS) for (k, n)-threshold is such a technique that protects an image through splitting it into n shadows, a.k.a. shadow images or shares, assigned to n corresponding participants. The secret image can be disclosed by obtaining k or more shadows. Polynomial-based SIS and visual secret sharing (VSS) are the chief research branches. This paper first analyzes the insecure issues in economics and then introduces two methods to apply typical SIS schemes to improve economical security. Finally, experiments are realized to illustrate the efficiency of the methods.
The concept “Information” as a factor in Bernard Werber’s style

The article investigates the concept “information” and its elements in the general creative activity conception of the French writer Bernard Werber through the analysis of his original work “The Encyclopedia of Relative and Absolute Knowledge”, each short story represents a narrative, a recommendation, a principle, a formula from various fields of popular science. It is pointed out that the author presents some scientific data in a simplified way, other facts are given in a purely professional one, thereby Bernard Werber demonstrates his own competence in the fields of history, mathematics, biology, astronomy, etc., as well as journalistic skills. It is stated that such diverse correlations exist due to the writer's passion for science and history, personal life experience in these areas, and all this ultimately stimulates readers' thinking, which is the main goal of Werber's creative activity. The article explores the correlative plane, which combines data from many branches of science in a historical context, that generally forms an informative complex containing the issues about the history of tribes and peoples (Maya, Aztecs, Arabs, Chinese, etc.), their legends and beliefs (Atlanteans, the origin of a man, pyramids, etc.), wars (episodes of individual military stalemate), religions (conflicts between paganism and Christianity, the Inquisition, etc.), technology and architecture (erection and structure of historical monuments, temples), the natural world (features of physiology) people, ants, dinosaurs), games (particularly about chess combining psychological and historical components). “The Encyclopedia of Relative and Absolute Knowledge” also includes the facts about many historical figures who have made significant contributions to the study and formation of the general noosphere. It is concluded that the writer by providing an array of diverse information in “The Encyclopedia of Relative and Absolute Knowledge” gets the reader not only to be a recipient of ready knowledge, but also to set up new tasks that need to be solved, and the main one among them is life mission understanding.
Implementation of reflective model of educational practice in the modern Finnish school

The article considers the example of a country whose educational system has absorbed the ideas of philosophical concepts of critical thinking of I. Kant and M. Lipman. After all, thanks to the dynamic integration processes in the world, we pay attention to reflective models of education, which lead us to the question: What is more relevant today — memorization of information or its critical analysis? The article attempts to investigate the organization of education in Finnish schools through the prism of I. Kant’s reflexive model and M. Lipman’s reflexive model of educational practice. I. Kant in his work “Critique of Pure Reason” used the concept of reflection in order to explain the specifics of the work of consciousness. He divided the concept of reflection into transcendental and logical. Logical reflection only compares concepts with each other and cannot judge things a priori. Transcendental reflection — the basis for the possibility of objective comparison of ideas with each other. Based on the provisions of Kant’s work on reflection as a way of forming new concepts and judgments through the comparison of existing ideas, M. Lipman proposed a reflective model of education, which is devoted to his work “Reflective model of educational practice”. The article also analyzes the role of phenomenon-based teaching and learning in the education of critical thinking, which is necessary for the successful life of the individual in the modern information society. The Finnish school shows us that the study of phenomena helps the student not only to understand what is happening, but pushes him to formulate an independent opinion on any issue in life. This creates an approach called “reflective model of education”, which was fully discussed by I. Kant in the field of philosophy, and M. Lipman in the field of psychology and pedagogy. The article attempts to argue that the construction of the learning process in the Finnish school has the features of a reflexive paradigm of critical practice, which is its integral feature. The experience of organizing education in a Finnish school can be used in the development of a new Ukrainian school.
Smart-Object-Based Reasoning System for Indoor Acoustic Profiling of Elderly Inhabitants

Many countries are facing significant challenges in relation to providing adequate care for their elderly citizens. The roots of these issues are manifold, but include changing demographics, changing behaviours, and a shortage of resources. As has been witnessed in the health sector and many others in society, technology has much to offer in terms of supporting people’s needs. This paper explores the potential for ambient intelligence to address this challenge by creating a system that is able to passively monitor the home environment, detecting abnormal situations which may indicate that the inhabitant needs help. There are many ways that this might be achieved, but in this paper, we will describe our investigation into an approach involving unobtrusively ’listening’ to sound patterns within the home, which classifies these as either normal daily activities, or abnormal situations. The experimental system we built was composed of an innovative combination of acoustic sensing, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet-of-Things (IoT), which we argue in the paper that it provides a cost-effective approach to alerting care providers when an elderly person in their charge needs help. The majority of the innovation in our work concerns the AI in which we employ Machine Learning to classify the sound profiles, analyse the data for abnormal events, and to make decisions for raising alerts with carers. A Neural Network classifier was used to train and identify the sound profiles associated with normal daily routines within a given person’s home, signalling departures from the daily routines that were then used as templates to measure deviations from normality, which were used to make weighted decisions regarding calling for assistance. A practical experimental system was then designed and deployed to evaluate the methods advocated by this research. The methodology involved gathering pre-design and post-design data from both a professionally run residential home and a domestic home. The pre-design data gathered the views on the system design from 11 members of the residential home, using survey questionnaires and focus groups. These data were used to inform the design of the experimental system, which was then deployed in a domestic home setting to gather post-design experimental data. The experimental results revealed that the system was able to detect 84% of abnormal events, and advocated several refinements which would improve the performance of the system. Thus, the research concludes that the system represents an important advancement to the state-of-the-art and, when taken together with the refinements, represents a line of research which has the potential to deliver significant improvements to care provision for the elderly.
Stegano-Morphing: Concealing Attacks on Face Identification Algorithms

Face identification is becoming a well-accepted technology for access control applications, both in the real or virtual world.Systems based on this technology must deal with the persistent challenges of classification algorithms and the impersonation attacks performed by people who do not want to be identified.Morphing is often selected to conduct such attacks since it allows the modification of the features of an original subject's image to make it appear as someone else.Publications focus on impersonating this other person, usually someone who is allowed to get into a restricted place, building, or software app.However, there is no list of authorized people in many other applications, just a blacklist of people no longer allowed to enter, log in, or register.In such cases, the morphing target person is not relevant, and the main objective is to minimize the probability of being detected.In this paper, we present a comparison of the identification rate and behavior of six recognizers (Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, LBPH, SIFT, FaceNet, and ArcFace) against traditional morphing attacks, in which only two subjects are used to create the altered image: the original subject and the target.We also present a new morphing method that works as an iterative process of gradual traditional morphing, combining the original subject with all the subjects' images in a database.This method multiplies by four the chances of a successful and complete impersonation attack (from 4% to 16%), by deceiving both face identification and morphing detection algorithms simultaneously.
Navigating to the Best Policy in Markov Decision Processes

We investigate the classical active pure exploration problem in Markov Decision Processes, where the agent sequentially selects actions and, from the resulting system trajectory, aims at identifying the best policy as fast as possible. We propose a problem-dependent lower bound on the average number of steps required before a correct answer can be given with probability at least $1-\delta$. We further provide the first algorithm with an instance-specific sample complexity in this setting. This algorithm addresses the general case of communicating MDPs; we also propose a variant with a reduced exploration rate (and hence faster convergence) under an additional ergodicity assumption. This work extends previous results relative to the \emph{generative setting}~\cite{pmlr-v139-marjani21a}, where the agent could at each step query the random outcome of any (state, action) pair. In contrast, we show here how to deal with the \emph{navigation constraints}, induced by the \emph{online setting}. Our analysis relies on an ergodic theorem for non-homogeneous Markov chains which we consider of wide interest in the analysis of Markov Decision Processes.
A Deep Look into Extractive Text Summarization

This investigation has presented an approach to Extractive Automatic Text Summarization (EATS).A framework focused on the summary of a single document has been developed, using the Tf-ldf method (Frequency Term, Inverse Document Frequency) as a reference, dividing the document into a subset of documents and generating value of each of the words contained in each document, those documents that show Tf-Idf equal or higher than the threshold are those that represent greater importance, therefore; can be weighted and generate a text summary according to the user's request.This document represents a derived model of text mining application in today's world.We demonstrate the way of performing the summarization.Random values were used to check its performance.The experimented results show a satisfactory and understandable summary and summaries were found to be able to run efficiently and quickly, showing which are the most important text sentences according to the threshold selected by the user.
Digital Archaeological Archiving in Baden-Württemberg, Germany: an evolving system

Since 2005, the Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Baden-Württemberg has been collecting semi-structured archaeological digital project data with the aim of one day turning that data into a real long-term digital archive. This process is still ongoing. In the last 15 years appropriate data formats have been defined, and the transition from CAD to GIS as the mainstay of project recording in Baden-Württemberg has been made. The research-driven development of the Software Survey2GIS (GNU GPL), initiated by the Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Baden-Württemberg, facilitates on the one hand an easy-to-use transition of field data into GIS and on the other better control of data formats. We are learning to cope with increasingly more complex data - laser scan, LIDAR and sfm data. The recent advent of commercial archaeology in the state of Baden Württemberg is another factor with which we are confronted. We have experimented with the best methods of convincing archaeologists, technicians and ancillary staff of the necessity of saving their data in a central repository - for example friendliness, even occasional coercion, as well as the guarantee of recoverable data if the deposition rules are followed. The boundary of each saved excavation or survey project is uploaded to the State's own cultural heritage GIS-Application - ADAB - where it can be accessed by researchers. A simple click within the polygon will invoke metadata about the project as well as a selection of quintessential photos. The excavation archive in Baden-Württemberg is, as yet, by no means a fully accessible, usable 'real' digital archive. But we are succeeding in saving the data in a structured manner for future transition into that 'real' archive - hopefully as a pilot project within the framework of the federally financed NFDI infrastructure.
Designing a Teacher's Horizontal Career based on Additional Types of Pedagogical Activities and Professional Achievements: Russian and International Experiences

The relevance of developing approaches to the formation of organizational and regulatory conditions for teachers professional careers is determined by the goals of implementing the Russian Federal project Teacher of the Future and the necessity to provide the quality of Russian education by improving teachers professional competence. The aim of the present study is to develop a model of a teachers career based on the institutionalization of the professional roles of mentor and methodologist as additional types of pedagogical acti- vities and professional achievements. The official concept of the National Teacher Growth System (NTGS) was based in different periods on the research of different scholar teams that proposed the formation of a vertical teachers career by introducing from two to five new positions, and has changed several times in recent years, but has not been implemented. Based on the analysis and theoretical comprehension of Russian and international practices of stimulating the professional growth of teachers, a project of a diversified professional career trajectory in relation to the teachers position (horizontal career) is proposed; framework requirements for the amount and quality of additional types of pedagogical activities are identified for their differentiated assessment at each stage of a teachers career. The proposed model can be used as an intermediate one and developed at the next stages of the implementation of the federal project Teacher of the Future towards the introduction of new positions, new qualification categories, new opportunities to form teachers professional growth trajectories for career-building and professional development.