Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The Habit of “Let's Write Cheerfully” for Children Aged 5-6 Years Old

Aim This research is early childhood as someone who is just starting the stage of development in the world with various experiences that children get. Children have their own weaknesses and strengths where the weaknesses and strengths of the child need to be considered and then developed according to their talents. This research can be a source to motivate children aged 5-6 years to like writing as a way of preparing themselves to enter school to the next level. Method is research articles from several "databases" using certain keywords in the period 2003-2020. There are 13 national journal articles and 5 international journal articles that meet the criteria in these keywords. The results showed that writing activities for early childhood can be done in various ways such as writing with comics, writing with pictorial media, writing with the obstacle course method so that learning to write becomes more effective and children become more cheerful in developing their fine motor skills in the field of writing.
Online Learning Platform as MALL Application Due to Covid-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic forces the change of education system in Indonesia from conventional to online because of the face-to-face learning prohibition from the Indonesian government. In such situation, Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) is needed, and some online learning platforms are provided by higher education institutions, one of which is MyBest. This research aimed to determine students’ perception towards MyBest as online learning platform. Mixed Method using quantitative and qualitative data was applied in this research. Data were collected by giving questionnaire and doing interview with the students of Bina Sarana Informatika University as respondents. The research results showed that most of the students gave positive opinion about this platform because it could help them learn the lesson better. Yet, they also faced some problems in using it such as low internet connection and uncomfortable eyes when reading a long text on screen.
The Effect of Applying Jigsaw Technique on Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension of Narrative Tex

Reading is one of the important skills in learning English. Reading can be as a language tool forcommunication and give information. In reading, students do not only read a text but also have tobe able to comprehend the text and to know main idea of the text. In reality, many students haveweakness in reading comprehension, so the writer will conduct the Jigsaw Technique in teachingreading. In this thesis the writer report on the effect of Jigsaw Technique on readingcomprehension. The purpose of this study is to find out whether Jigsaw Technique affect studentson reading comprehension significantly. The Technique that used in the research is quantitative bydoing experimental design. The result shows that the scores of t-test (3.90) &gt; t-table (1,67), itmeans that Jigsaw Technique can improve students’ achievement in reading comprehension. So,the writer concluded that there was significant effect of Jigsaw Technique on students’ Readingcomprehension. And the last the writer gives suggestion that teachers should apply strategyespecially Jigsaw Technique with affects the ability of students in reading comprehension.
The Effectiveness of Roundtable Technique to Teach Writing Descriptive Text for Students with LowSelf-Efficacy

Self efficacy is someone’s belief of his capability to complete a task or to performsomething. Zimmerman and Martinez-Pons, as cited in Kitikanan and Sasimonton (2017: 4) say,“Students with high self-efficacy tend to learn and achieve more than those with low ones”. Inother words, when someone has high self-efficacy, his/her effort to do writing will be better and itis assumed that their writing achievement will be better as well. On the contrary, students with lowself-efficacy often have lower score of writing than the students with high self-efficacy. Then,many techniques work well for only students with high self-efficacy. This study was designed tosee whether or not Roundtable technique is effective tobe used to teach writing descriptive text forthe students with low self-efficacy. The research was done at SMA N 1Panyabungan. This was anexperimental research design with 51 students in the population. The students were spread in threeclasses which consist of 17students in each class. Two classes were chosen as the sample by usingcluster random sampling technique. One class was the experiment class, and the other was ascontrol class. Students’ self-efficacy was tested by using questionnaires. Then, they were groupedinto students with high and low self-efficacy. After that they were given treatment. The data werethen collected after the treatment was given by administering writing test. The students’ writingachievement scores were analyzed by using t-test formula and the level of significance used was0.05(5%).After being calculated, the value of t-observed was 2.975, whereas the t-table was 2.306.Consequently, Roundtable technique was effective to be used to teach the students with low selfefficacy to write descriptive text at Al-Azhar Islamic Junior High School 32 Padang.
The Effect of Using Chain Story Technique In Writing Descriptive Text For The Grade Students of SMP Negeri 14 Medan

The study focused on finding out the effect of applying Chain Story Technique in writingdescriptive text. The chain story technique is a technique which is used to make writing class moreinteresting. this technique is suitable use in writing activity. It can help teacher in teaching learningprocess and can help students to understand quickly to make summary of the text. The populationof the research was the eight grade students of SMP NEGERI 14 MEDAN. There were fourtyeight students of the eight grade as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with tworandomized class namely experimental class and control class. The experimental class was taughtby applying Chain Story Technique, while the control class was taught without Chain StoryTechnique. The instrument of collecting the data was writing test. The data were analyzed byusing reliability (KR21) and t-test formula. The calculation shown that the mean score of studentsin experimental class is 8,45 and the mean score of control class who are taught without ChainStory technique is 3,25. It can be concluded that the mean score of experimental class is higherthan control class. There is a significant difference scores between experimental group and controlgroup. Based on research finding, it is concluded that t-observed is higher than t-table. T-obs&gt; ttable (p=0.05) 8.813&gt;1.679. it means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Chain StoryTechnique significantly affects on the eight grade students of SMP NEGERI 14 MEDAN inwriting descriptive text. It is suggested the English Department Students, lecturer and all of peopleto use this strategy.
An Error Analysis of Grammatical Features in Report Text by The Eleventh Grade Students of Accounting Major at Smk N 1 Jorlang Hataran

This study is purposed to describe the errors in grammatical features of report text. Inaddition, this study is also aimed to describe the possible causes of those errors. This study appliedthe descriptive qualitative approach in which the data was obtained from the report texts that werewritten by the eleventh grade students of accounting major in SMK N 1 Jorlang Hataran. The datawere collected by using students’ report texts and questionnaires. The data then were analyzed byidentifying the errors first, then describing the errors, and the last explaining the errors. The errorsthat occurred in students’ texts are errors in verbs, sentences, prepositions, articles, agreements,pronouns, modifiers, and tenses. The result of the study indicates that the students made 541grammatical errors which were classified into: 37,15% errors in verbs, 18,85% errors in noun,15,15% errors in sentence, 11,27% errors in preposition, 7,76% errors in article, 4,06% errors inpronoun, 3,51% errors in modifier, and 2,21% errors in tenses. The students’ errors were causedby 31,23% ignorance of grammatical rules, 28,09% incomplete application of rules, 15,89% falseconcept hypothesized, 13,86% interference of interlingual transfer, 9,05% wrong communicationstrategy, 1,84% over-generalization
The Effect of Applying Drill Method on In Teaching Students’ Writing Ability

This research was aimed to develops teaching writing by using drill method as method in teachingwriting descriptive paragraph. This study was conducted applying Nana Sudjana (1989:86) theory.The research took place at MTs.Swasta IRA Medan. The sample consisted of class VII. Theinstruments employed in this study experimental research which consist of pre-test and post-test..The findings of the study were the quality of the developed technique as media viewed from theexperts is very good (88 %). Most students gave positive responses. Most students said that themethod was interesting and it could help them to write descriptive texts easily. The results of thetest show that the method improved their ability in writing descriptive paragraph (average score:80, 12).The scoring system was based on five aspects; namely content, organization, vocabulary,language use, mechanics. Therefore, the writer suggests that English teachers develop method asone of the creative way to improve the students’ ability in writing descriptive texts.
The Effect Of Drill and Imitation Techniques in Students’ Ability in Using English Intonation Of Grade VIII Students of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar

This study attempted to find out (1) the effect of conventional technique to the ability of grade VIIIstudents of SMP N 8 Pematangsiantar in the English intonation; (2) the effect of imitationtechnique to the ability of grade VIII students of SMP N 8 Pematangsiantar in the Englishintonation; (3) the effect of drill technique to the ability of grade VIII students of SMP N 8Pematangsiantar in the English intonation; (4) the effect of drill technique more significant thanthe effect of imitation technique or than the effect of conventional technique to the ability of gradeVIII students of SMP N 8 Pematangsiantar in the English intonation. This study was conducted byusing experimental research. The population of the study was all classes of grade eight in2015/2016 academic year at SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar. There are two classes were chosen asthe sample of the research by applying random sampling technique. Each class consists of 34students. The instrument used for the data collection was a test. The data were analyzed by usingANOVA. The research finding showed that (1) the effect of conventional technique to the abilityof grade VIII students of SMP N 8 Pematangsiantar in the English intonation is not moresignificant that is shown by the following students’ score: mean = 49.11, maximum score = 60,minimum score = 40; (2) the effect of imitation technique to the ability of grade VIII students ofSMP N 8 Pematangsiantar in the English intonation is shown by the following students’ score:mean = 61,76, maximum score = 85, minimum score = 45; (3) the effect of drill technique to theability of grade VIII students of SMP N 8 Pematangsiantar in the English intonation is shown bythe following students’ score: mean = 75,58, maximum score = 90, minimum score = 50; (4) theeffect of Drill technique more significant than the effect of imitation technique or than the effect ofconventional technique to the ability of gradeVIII students of SMP N 8 Pematangsiantar in theEnglish intonation.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TTW (THINK-TALK-WRITE) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI SISWA MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPTIF

The students’competency achievement is the main goal of teaching learning process, but It’s not easy as we think. In fact there are&nbsp; many students face learning loss. It really happened in SMP Negeri 2 Muara Bungo in writing simple desciptif text. This research is intended for describing the applying of TTW (Think-Talk-Write) learning model to improve the competency. It is included in classroom action research that involved 32 students of class VII.A as the research sebject. This research consist of two cycles. Each of them has four phases . They are planning, doing, observing and reflecting. The instrument in&nbsp; data collecting used observation sheet, test and field note. At the end of the research showed that (1)The applying of TTW (Think-Talk-Write) learning model are able to increase the students’ competency in writing descriptive text. It is showed from the test result&nbsp; that there was15.7%in developing the idea (content)from the first cycle to the second, increasing 6.3 % in advancing the vocabulary from the first cycle to the second, increasing 9.3% in using the grammar, and increasing 6,3% in the aspect of coherence of the sentences. (2) The applying of TTW (Think-Talk-Write) learning model also improve the students’ motivation in learning English.
The The Effect Of Presentation Practice Production (Ppp) Technique On Student’s English Grammar Competence By Using Computer Assisted Language Learning

This study deals with the effect of presentation practice production on students’ English grammar competence byusing computer assisted language learning. The objective of this thesis is to find out the effect of presentationpractice production on students’ English grammar competence by using computer assisted language learning. Thisstudy is an experimental research. The population of this study is the student class of X of SMK Parulian 1MEDAN. The number of students was 100 students. 40 students are taken as the sample. The first group isexperimental group which is teach by applying presentation practice production technique on computer assistedlanguage learning. While the second group is control group, it is teach without presentation practice productiontechnique on computer assisted language learning. Multiple choice test is used, as the instrument for collecting thedata. These test consisted of two types, namely pre-test and post-test. As the result of the test, t-observed was 3.14and t-table was 1.686 (p:005) the result of the data analysis show that the value of t-table 3.14 1.686(p:0.05). Itmeans that hypothesis alternative (Ha) is accepted while the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, therefore it isconcluded that presentation practice production technique on computer assisted language learning significantlyaffects students’ English grammar competence. Based on the explanation above, this research can be chosen as onealternative in teaching learning process.
The The Effect of Applying Drill Method on In Teaching Students’ Writing Ability

This research was aimed to develops teaching writing by using drill method as method in teaching writingdescriptive paragraph. This study was conducted applying Nana Sudjana (1989:86) theory. The research took placeat MTs.Swasta IRA Medan. The sample consisted of class VII. The instruments employed in this study experimentalresearch which consist of pre-test and post-test.. The findings of the study were the quality of the developedtechnique as media viewed from the experts is very good (88 %). Most students gave positive responses. Moststudents said that the method was interesting and it could help them to write descriptive texts easily. The results ofthe test show that the method improved their ability in writing descriptive paragraph (average score: 80, 12).Thescoring system was based on five aspects; namely content, organization, vocabulary, language use, mechanics.Therefore, the writer suggests that English teachers develop method as one of the creative way to improve thestudents’ ability in writing descriptive texts.
The The Effect of Using Chain Story Technique In Writing Descriptive Text For The Grade Students of SMP Negeri 14 Medan

The study focused on finding out the effect of applying Chain Story Technique in writing descriptive text. The chainstory technique is a technique which is used to make writing class more interesting. this technique is suitable use inwriting activity. It can help teacher in teaching learning process and can help students to understand quickly to makesummary of the text. The population of the research was the eight grade students of SMP NEGERI 14 MEDAN.There were fourty eight students of the eight grade as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with tworandomized class namely experimental class and control class. The experimental class was taught by applying ChainStory Technique, while the control class was taught without Chain Story Technique. The instrument of collectingthe data was writing test. The data were analyzed by using reliability (KR21) and t-test formula. The calculationshown that the mean score of students in experimental class is 8,45 and the mean score of control class who aretaught without Chain Story technique is 3,25. It can be concluded that the mean score of experimental class is higherthan control class. There is a significant difference scores between experimental group and control group. Based onresearch finding, it is concluded that t-observed is higher than t-table. T-obs&gt; t- table (p=0.05) 8.813&gt;1.679. itmeans that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Chain Story Technique significantly affects on the eight grade studentsof SMP NEGERI 14 MEDAN in writing descriptive text. It is suggested the English Department Students, lecturerand all of people to use this strategy
A Semantic Comparison of Feature Requirements Extraction Methods

Requirement engineering is an essential part of software development. The initial process in software development is to determine the needs of the stakeholders. To convert stakeholder needs into features of the system to be developed takes a long time, so it is a challenge for researchers to be able to extract features automatically based on the description of the needs of stakeholders. Previous research has also implemented feature extraction using user reviews on applications that public users have used. The feature extraction results will be used for feature development in future updated versions. The extraction process can use several proven methods to provide results that match the needs of the stakeholders in the system. This study compared the automatic feature extraction method using Natural Language Processing (NLP) with Hierarchical Pattern Recognition (HPR) on the dataset requirements and user reviews. Performance evaluation was conducted to test feature extraction results using Accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure. The study results show that each method has advantages when implemented on both datasets. The NLP method excels in classifying the NL Requirement dataset. The HPR method has its advantages in extracting user review data.
DERIVATIONAL AFFIXATION ON THE STUDENT’S RECOUNT TEXT

Language is important in our life, especially for communication. Talking about language was certainly lead to the discussion of linguistic, such as morphology. In the morphology there is derivational and inflectional affixation. This thesis focused on analyzing derivational affixation applied in the students’ writing task to find out types of derivational affixation used by the students’ and how is derivational affixation processes in these types. Derivation is the ability to derive new words forms that important to become competence users of English. The researcher interested to analyze derivational affixation in writing skills which is a complicated skill with complete language component to be mastered, such as vocabulary. The researcher chooses writing text from the students because it is interesting to study whether the students’ writing text contain derivational affixation even though they have not received about the material formally. So, the object of this research is writing task produced by the XII-Bahasa students’ at MAN 2 Jombang conducted from the instruction to make a recount text shared through google form. This thesis using qualitative content analysis method. The result of this thesis analyzed according to the theory of Katamba (2006) and Booij (2007), then it shows that the researcher found two types of derivational affixation applied, namely prefixes and suffixes. This research support theory of Katamba (2006) stated that infixes rarely use in English. Then, types of derivational affixation applied on the students’ writing task categorized into their process of derive new words. Prefixes found consist of two kinds in derivational affixation process those are nominal affixation and adjectival affixation. Then, all kinds of derivational affixation process found in suffixes those are nominal affixation, verbal affixation, adjectival affixation and adverbial affixation. To conclude there is many types of derivational affixation applied in the student’s recount text.
On the Classification between $ψ$-Ontic and $ψ$-Epistemic Ontological Models

Harrigan and Spekkens (2010) provided a categorization of quantum ontological models classifying them as $ψ$-ontic or $ψ$-epistemic if the quantum state describes respectively either a physical reality or mere observers' knowledge. Moreover, they claimed that Einstein - who was a supporter of the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics - endorsed an epistemic view of $ψ$. In this essay we critically assess such a classification and some of its consequences by proposing a two-fold argumentation. Firstly, we show that Harrigan and Spekkens' categorization implicitly assumes that a complete description of a quantum system (its ontic state, $λ$) only concerns single, individual systems instantiating absolute, intrinsic properties. Secondly, we argue that such assumptions conflict with some current interpretations of quantum mechanics, which employ different ontic states as a complete description of quantum systems. In particular, we will show that, since in the statistical interpretation ontic states describe ensembles rather than individuals, such a view cannot be considered psi-epistemic. As a consequence, the authors misinterpreted Einstein's view concerning the nature of the quantum state. Next, we will focus on Relationalist Quantum Mechanics and Perspectival Quantum Mechanics, which in virtue of their relational and perspectival metaphysics employ ontic states lambda dealing with relational properties. We conclude that Harrigan and Spekkens' categorization is too narrow and entails an inadequate classification of the mentioned interpretations of quantum theory. Hence, any satisfactory classification of quantum ontological models ought to take into account the variations of $λ$ across different interpretations of quantum mechanics.
A Generative Model for Punctuation in Dependency Trees

Treebanks traditionally treat punctuation marks as ordinary words, but linguists have suggested that a tree's "true" punctuation marks are not observed (Nunberg, 1990). These latent "underlying" marks serve to delimit or separate constituents in the syntax tree. When the tree's yield is rendered as a written sentence, a string rewriting mechanism transduces the underlying marks into "surface" marks, which are part of the observed (surface) string but should not be regarded as part of the tree. We formalize this idea in a generative model of punctuation that admits efficient dynamic programming. We train it without observing the underlying marks, by locally maximizing the incomplete data likelihood (similarly to EM). When we use the trained model to reconstruct the tree's underlying punctuation, the results appear plausible across 5 languages, and in particular, are consistent with Nunberg's analysis of English. We show that our generative model can be used to beat baselines on punctuation restoration. Also, our reconstruction of a sentence's underlying punctuation lets us appropriately render the surface punctuation (via our trained underlying-to-surface mechanism) when we syntactically transform the sentence.