Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
An Aspect of English Loanword Adaptations to Vietnamese: Focusing on Consonants

This study deals with the loanword adaptation processes from English to Vietnamese, focusing on how consonants and consonant clusters map in Vietnamese. Because of the syllable structure and phoneme differences between the two languages, the recipient language, Vietnamese, adopts types of repair strategies to change the English words structurally to be harmonious with Vietnamese. However, the application of repair strategies is not symmetrical. Feature changes and vowel epenthesis are adopted for unacceptable simple onsets and complex onset clusters, respectively. However, unacceptable simple codas undergo feature changes or deletion, and the segmental deletion tactic only applies to complex coda clusters. Concerning the choice of an epenthetic vowel, a default insertion vowel is a schwa, but a close front vowel [i] is selected if an onset cluster begins with the alveolar fricative /s/. Compared to this, only a deletion strategy applies to simplify the coda clusters. The coda condition or the two-mora restriction of Vietnamese determines the selection of a deleted coda. Thus, either a coda segment is not acceptable or a segment projecting a third mora gets deleted.
Analysis of Phonics in Primary English Textbooks in Line with Changes to the National Curriculum

The goal of this study is to compare phonics in Grade 3 and Grade 4 textbooks based on the Revised National Curriculums of 2007, 2009, and 2015. A total of 11 textbooks were selected (three based on the 2007 curriculum, four based on that of 2009, and four based on that of 2015). The main results were as follows. First, the 11 textbooks varied greatly in the number of phonics lessons and rules. Notably, the number of phonics rules ranged from 19 to 31. Second, all 11 textbooks focused on two main types of phonics, that is, consonants and short vowels. However, the textbooks greatly differed in whether they included other types of phonics, such as consonant clusters, consonant digraphs, long vowels, and vowel digraphs. Third, the presentation order of these phonics types also varied greatly among the textbooks. It is suggested that more phonics rules and types be presented in Grade 3 and Grade 4 textbooks. It is also suggested that phonics be included in Grade 5 and Grade 6 textbooks in order to secure more comprehensive and systematic ways of teaching phonics throughout primary English teaching.
Particle-Verb Idioms in English: A Symmetric Analysis

This paper investigates particle-verb constructions in English with focus on particle-verb idioms-idioms consisting of a particle-verb and a DP. Particle-verb idioms are classified into three subtypes according to the placement of the particle relative to the verb. First, there is a group of idioms that require the merged order of the verb and particle (e.g., blow off steam / *blow steam off). Another must appear in the split order (e.g., let the side down / *let down the side). The final group allows alternation between the two surface orders (e.g., keep up one’s end / keep one’s end up). Based on the finding that the flexibility in idiom interpretation is correlated with the amount of verbal structure associated (Punske and Stone 2014, Stone 2016), I argue against the derivational approach to the particle-verb construction. According to the derivational analyses, the merged and split order of particle-verbs share an underlying structure. Such an approach incorrectly predicts only two of the three groups of particle-verb idioms to be possible. I argue that a symmetrical treatment of the two surface orders of particle-verbs enables us to comprehensively account for the idiom facts. In particular, I propose that the merged and split order of particle-verbs involve two different syntactic structures. The two surface orders arise depending on whether the verbal root head-adjoins to the Part(icle) head or the verbalizing v head. The three groups of idioms realize either or both of the proposed structures. In addition to capturing the patterns of particle-verb idioms, I demonstrate that a number of traditional observations about the construction naturally follow. The analysis is shown to be robust in explaining the semantic contrast between the two surface orders, non-idiomatic particle-verbs with a fixed order, right-modification, and particle-verbs with an augmented argument structure.
The Role of AI Translators on Reading Comprehension

This study aims to investigate reading comprehension and students’ perception in a university reading course using an AI translator, whether Google or Papago Translate. The subjects were comprised of 113 students divided into three groups: the control group analyzed reading texts traditionally, the first experimental group analyzed reading texts using Google or Papago Translate, while the second experimental group also analyzed reading texts using Google or Papago Translate, but then also revised the machine translator’s incorrect translations. Reading comprehension tests and a post-questionnaire were then administered to examine the effects of using AI translators. The findings showed that all three groups significantly improved their reading comprehension scores in the post-tests as compared to those in the pre-tests. However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups. Regarding students’ perception, the participants using an AI translator showed no statistical differences between the two experimental groups. However, in terms of sentence structure, students’ translations after using an AI translator were perceived to be of significantly higher quality compared with those that simply used the translator. Most participants stated that using AI translators was much more beneficial to get the main idea and for understanding the whole passage, rather than using it simply to learn vocabulary and expressions. Furthermore, using AI translators relieved the participants’ anxiety and burden while also satisfying them. However, such students also had lower mean scores in terms of interest and motivation for language learning in the post-questionnaire items. Based on the results of the study, pedagogical implications and future research are suggested.
KENYA: Stern Measures

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 60, Issue 2 p. 23923B-23924A National Security KENYA: Stern Measures First published: 16 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2023.10944.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume60, Issue2March 2023Pages 23923B-23924A RelatedInformation
Cooperative Learning-Based E-LKPD Round Robin Type: English Reading Skills

To find out the feasibility and to know the effectiveness of the E-LKPD (Student Worksheet) Based on the Round Robin Type Cooperative Learning Model in Class VII English Subjects at Private Middle School IT Permata Hati Tebing Tinggi. This research is a Borg &amp; Gall product development research and is combined with the Dick &amp; Carey model. Subjects included 2 material experts, 2 media experts, 3 students in the individual test, 9 students in the small group test, and 26 students in the limited field test. The results showed that the E-LKPD Based on Cooperative Learning Round Robin Type was feasible to use, based on the validation of learning material experts 98.59% were in very decent qualifications, media expert validation was 94.64% in the very feasible category, individual trials were 92.42% were in the very feasible category, 95.70% for small group trials were in the very feasible category and 91.87% for field trials were in the very feasible category. The results of submitting the hypothesis prove that the learning E-LKPD is feasible to use, and there is a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students who are given treatment using the E-LKPD and printed media. This is indicated by the results of data processing tcount = 5.63 at a significance level of ? = 0.05 with df obtained t table = 50, so that tcount &gt; ttable (5.63 &gt; 1.63).
448 Analysis of Bipolar Re-Referencing on Spectral Composition and Spike Detection in Human Electrocorticography

INTRODUCTION: Electrocorticography (ECoG) enables the localization of epileptic seizure foci prior to surgical resection. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio is paramount, and can be accomplished with bipolar re-referencing. METHODS: Intracranial recordings for drug-resistant epilepsy were performed at UCSF using high-density ECoG grid (4 mm inter-electrode pitch), strip (10 mm), and penetrating depth (5 mm) electrodes. Raw voltages for each participant (n = 11) were systematically re-referenced (bipolar subtraction) at increasing scales (4 mm-50 mm) and a multi-taper power spectrum (2-200 Hz) was generated around spike-free baseline windows. Cluster based permutation tests (p &lt; 0.05) were used to compare spectral composition features after z-scoring log power features by frequency and binning by bipolar distance. High-density and low-density (4mm vs 8mm) re-referencing schemes were used for spike localization by applying a line length transform to highlight epileptiform features in peri-spike windows and comparing to baseline windows using cluster-based permutation tests. RESULTS: Bipolar pair distances &lt;10 mm decreased low-frequency (&lt;30 Hz) power, whereas both low and high frequency (30-200 Hz) power increased by longer bipolar distances. These findings were consistent across different components (grids, strips, depths). The detection of high gamma (50-200 Hz) neural activity in the STG related to an audio stimulus was enhanced at bipolar distances of &lt;45 mm but attenuated at higher distances. Similar spike detection (duration and number of channels involved) was seen between high- vs. low-density bipolar re-referencing. CONCLUSIONS: Re-referencing at &lt;10 mm bipolar distance preferentially attenuated low-frequency signal while standard clinical and larger distances systematically augmented broadband (2-200 Hz) signals. Shorter distances, especially high-density, augmented spatial delineation of neural activity when compared to more widely spaced arrays, however, standard clinical arrays capture the general spatio-temporal extent of spike waveforms.
Spatial Modeling for Coal Mines Exploration through Multilevel Data Integration: An Environmental Information System and Applications in CMPDIL, Jharkhand

The Environmental Information System (ENVIS) is a Gateway on Environment Information that aims to reach a larger segment of society and improve the nation's ability to manage its environmental resources. Through the inclusion of additional institutions/organizations in the government, academic, corporate, and NGO sectors, as well as others, as an ENVIS center, it has launched a significant initiative to broaden the network and reach. The work aims to use modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) to focus on various subject areas, themes, local conditions, problems, and environmental information.&nbsp; Since January 2002, the Ministry has been working on this project as part of the Environmental Management Capacity Building Technical Assistance Project funded by the World Bank. To facilitate the generation and dissemination of information on environmental issues, the Ministry of Environment &amp; Forest, Government of India, has developed the Environmental Information System (ENVIS). Even though the World Bank project is over, the Indian government has offered financial assistance. The State Government wants to use the facility to accomplish the goals outlined in the project. To ensure that each project is environmentally friendly, CMPDI (Central Mines Planning and Designing Institute) regularly deals with the multi-dimensional environmental complexities present in the coal and other mineral sectors. In order to conduct land use studies for a specific project as well as for urban and regional planning, CMPDI uses satellite, airborne scanner, aerial photography, and ground surveying. Waste management, industrial/domestic effluent treatment, and environmental auditing and monitoring are also done.
Separated Learning Model Between Colorization and Super-resolution for Low-Resolution Gray-scale Image Restoration

Restoring low-resolution gray images to high-resolution color images is a challenging task known as the ill-posed problem with no fixed answer. In addition to the traditional image processing techniques, deep learning methods have recently been attempted, but it is still very difficult to restore images naturally. Various and effective approaches have been developed for each colorization and enhancing resolution of images, but simply combining the two techniques results in accumulation of errors. To solve the above problem, we propose a network that separates the loss function between colorization and super-resolution with adding a super-resolution model in parallel to maintain the performance of super-resolution. The performance of the proposed method on the DIV2K, ImageNet-1k validation dataset was compared to others via PSNR, SSIM, and FID metrics. Experimental results show that our method outperforms existing methods.
Value and Policy Iterations

This extraordinary three-volume work, written in an engaging and rigorous style by a world authority in the field, provides an accessible, comprehensive introduction to the full spectrum of mathematical and statistical techniques underpinning contemporary methods in data-driven learning and inference. This second volume, Inference, builds on the foundational topics established in volume I to introduce students to techniques for inferring unknown variables and quantities, including Bayesian inference, Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods, maximum-likelihood estimation, hidden Markov models, Bayesian networks, and reinforcement learning. A consistent structure and pedagogy is employed throughout this volume to reinforce student understanding, with over 350 end-of-chapter problems (including solutions for instructors), 180 solved examples, almost 200 figures, datasets and downloadable Matlab code. Supported by sister volumes Foundations and Learning, and unique in its scale and depth, this textbook sequence is ideal for early-career researchers and graduate students across many courses in signal processing, machine learning, statistical analysis, data science and inference.
Undirected Graphs

This extraordinary three-volume work, written in an engaging and rigorous style by a world authority in the field, provides an accessible, comprehensive introduction to the full spectrum of mathematical and statistical techniques underpinning contemporary methods in data-driven learning and inference. This second volume, Inference, builds on the foundational topics established in volume I to introduce students to techniques for inferring unknown variables and quantities, including Bayesian inference, Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods, maximum-likelihood estimation, hidden Markov models, Bayesian networks, and reinforcement learning. A consistent structure and pedagogy is employed throughout this volume to reinforce student understanding, with over 350 end-of-chapter problems (including solutions for instructors), 180 solved examples, almost 200 figures, datasets and downloadable Matlab code. Supported by sister volumes Foundations and Learning, and unique in its scale and depth, this textbook sequence is ideal for early-career researchers and graduate students across many courses in signal processing, machine learning, statistical analysis, data science and inference.
Topic Refinement in Multi-level Hate Speech Detection

Hate speech detection is quite a hot topic in NLP and various annotated datasets have been proposed, most of them using binary generic (hateful vs. non-hateful) or finer-grained specific (sexism/racism/etc.) annotations, to account for particular manifestations of hate. We explore in this paper how to transfer knowledge across both different manifestations, and different granularity or levels of hate speech annotations from existing datasets, relying for the first time on a multilevel learning approach which we can use to refine generically labelled instances with specific hate speech labels. We experiment with an easily extensible Text-to-Text approach, based on the T5 architecture, as well as a combination of transfer and multitask learning. Our results are encouraging and constitute a first step towards automatic annotation of hate speech datasets, for which only some or no fine-grained annotations are available.
Educational Robotics as a Strategy to Develop Computational Thinking in Basic General Education

This research purpose is to figure out whether educational robotics is a strategy to develop young children's computational thinking. The method used in this research was quantitative with a descriptive exploratory scope, with an inductive-deductive approach. The sample consisted of 28 students taken from the population of the tenth-grade students of “Santa Mariana de Jesús” high school. The technique used was the survey and the data collection instrument was a questionnaire at the beginning (Pre-Test) and at the end of the process (Post Test). A "Rubric to evaluate computational thinking" using the Likert scale was used for its tabulation, with the use of the STEAM instructional framework learning methodology, and a "Checklist" was used to monitor the progress of the project. The result of the data analysis showed positive increase in computational thinking skills, due to in the Post Test the students reached the scale Very well with 64%, taking into account that in the beginning (PreTest) it was 14%, concluding that educational robotics is a didactic strategy that promotes computational thinking.
New Transformation Rules for the EduBPMN Method to Generate Graphical User Interfaces from BPMN

The EduBPMN method contains a set of transformation rules that allow the generation of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) from a BPMN model complemented by the UML class diagram. The article proposes new rules for the EduBPMN method based on BPMN primitives and operations of the UML classes. These rules can generate design alternatives for GUIs, each of which has been proposed to be represented by a stereotype. As a result of this work, four new rules and eight new stereotypes have been proposed to extend the EduBPMN method. For a better understanding of the contribution, it has been applied to an illustrative example of a project.
FORMATION OF KEY COMPETENCES IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

The article deals with the competence-based approach – the main way to achieve the modern quality of education for younger students. At the elementary school level, the competences of students can be viewed as a system of universal general educational qualities and abilities, as well as the desire and willingness to meaningfully apply them in practice. The goal and result of mastering the content of education is the development of the experience of the personality of a younger student, which is determined by the system of key competencies in various areas of social experience.
PRACTICES WITH NATURAL NUMBERS IN MATHEMATICS, FOR EXAMPLE OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES, METHODS OF STRENGTHENING THEME OF NUMBER EXPRESSION

In the article, the relevance of strengthening the knowledge provided in teaching mathematics, conducting special scientific and methodical research in the direction of giving a sufficient level of importance to the problems of strengthening knowledge in mathematics. By studying the theoretical foundations of the problems of knowledge consolidation in teaching mathematics, from the works of Russian scientists and pedagogues, using the results of their analysis, the theoretical foundations of knowledge consolidation in mathematics teaching, the topic “Expression of Weight” in the mathematics lesson of the 5th grade of school-gymnasium #42 “Kerme-Too” in the city of Osh. experience in teaching, expressing physical mass with numbers, training students in methods of expressing weight in different units: correct writing of natural numbers, multiplication and division, maintaining the order of performing arithmetic operations.
FEATURES OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TO LEARN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The article examines the motivation of students to learn foreign languages and analyzes the problems and means of motivational educational institutions, strategy refers to the types of motivation. The ways of effective formation of professional training of students of technical universities by means of motivation to learn a foreign language, consisting in creating situations that contribute to the transformation of unstable motives into a mature motivational base with a certain hierarchy, are determined. The article analyzes the features of motivation of students in higher educational institutions. The peculiarities of motivation are considered both by teachers of higher educational institutions and by students themselves, taking into account the individual characteristics of each individual student. The basis of successful educational activity of each student is a high level of motivation for this type of activity.
GRAPH VISUALIZATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF INFORMAL SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE STUDENT SURROUNDINGS

Due to the growing need for social analytics and an increase in the number of possible parameters that are suitable for research, new ways of applying the visualization method are becoming more and more in demand. Such a need can be met by special elements of graph theory, namely, drawing a graph in two- or three-dimensional format. It can be implemented with the help of various means, which are represented by modern computer technologies. The data taken as an example is based on the identification of friendly ties between university students in a social network and is processed using various mathematical models, some of which were developed by the authors. It is emphasized that after the collection, the data were aggregated to the level of study groups and thus deanonymized. Interactive visualization is noted as a convenient and fast way to test hypotheses and conduct search studies on social media data. The selection of data is not limited to the needs of the university and can be expanded to a certain range of stakeholders. In that regard, the article proposes a methodology for applying approaches to graph visualization for the analysis of informal social (friendly) ties
POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION OF FUZZY DATA AND SOLUTION OF FUZZY SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

A large number of tasks in the economy are aimed at processing little formalized data. These can be tasks of analysis, planning, forecasting in the economy. The solution of these problems is reduced to the formalization of the data flow into a functional dependence. The definition of functional dependence is reduced to the approximation of data by a mathematical function. It is convenient to represent poorly formalized data as fuzzy numbers and reduce the solution of the approximation problem to the calculation of systems of fuzzy linear equations. This is achieved by developing the apparatus of software systems operating with calculations of fuzzy matrices. We have implemented computational approaches using the Zadeh principle and ordered fuzzy numbers.