Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Neural Representations Reveal Distinct Modes of Class Fitting in Residual Convolutional Networks

We leverage probabilistic models of neural representations to investigate how residual networks fit classes. To this end, we estimate class-conditional density models for representations learned by deep ResNets. We then use these models to characterize distributions of representations across learned classes. Surprisingly, we find that classes in the investigated models are not fitted in a uniform way. On the contrary: we uncover two groups of classes that are fitted with markedly different distributions of representations. These distinct modes of class-fitting are evident only in the deeper layers of the investigated models, indicating that they are not related to low-level image features. We show that the uncovered structure in neural representations correlate with memorization of training examples and adversarial robustness. Finally, we compare class-conditional distributions of neural representations between memorized and typical examples. This allows us to uncover where in the network structure class labels arise for memorized and standard inputs.
The Effect of Diversity in Meta-Learning

Recent studies show that task distribution plays a vital role in the meta-learner's performance. Conventional wisdom is that task diversity should improve the performance of meta-learning. In this work, we find evidence to the contrary; (i) our experiments draw into question the efficacy of our learned models: similar manifolds can be learned with a subset of the data (lower task diversity). This finding questions the advantage of providing more data to the model, and (ii) adding diversity to the task distribution (higher task diversity) sometimes hinders the model and does not lead to a significant improvement in performance as previously believed. To strengthen our findings, we provide both empirical and theoretical evidence.
A Study on the Effect of AI News Recommendation Service Factors on Users’ Continuous Use Intention: Focusing on the Technology Acceptance Model

인공지능과 알고리즘 기술은 현재 다양한 추천서비스 영역에서 활용되고 있다. 특히 국내 최대 포털사이트 운영사 Naver에서 제공하는 AI 기반 뉴스추천 서비스가 정식 적용돼 이용자들의 기대와 관심을 한 몸에 받고 있다. 서비스를 제공하는 포털 운영자 입장에서 새로운 AI 뉴스추천 서비스에 대한 평가와 AI 추천서비스의 잠재적 위험성에 대한 사용자의 태도를 이해하는 것이 포털 사업의 지속적인 발전에 큰 의미가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 기술수용모델을 적용하여 AI 뉴스추천 서비스의 특성에 대한 사용자의 태도를 바탕으로 AI 뉴스추천서비스를 지속적으로 사용하는 요인을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 AI 뉴스추천 서비스를 사용한 적이 있는 353명의 사용자를 조사했다. 본 연구의 결과는 AI 뉴스추천의 개인화, 즉시성, 상호작용성, 프라이버시 위험특성이 사용자로 하여금 지각된 유용성과 지각된 사용 용이성을 통해 지각된 가치를 생성할 수 있게 하여 사용자 지속적 사용 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여주었다. 또한, 본 연구는 새로운 유형의 뉴스 기술로서 AI 뉴스추천 서비스의 지속적 사용 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명함으로써 사업자의 향후 발전에 대한 이론적, 실천적 의의를 제공한다. Artificial intelligence and algorithm technology are currently being used in various recommended service areas. In particular, the AI-based news recommendation service provided by Naver, the largest portal site in Korea, has been officially applied, receiving expectations and attention from users. From the standpoint of portal operators providing services, understanding the evaluation of new AI news recommendation services and the user"s attitude toward the potential risks of AI recommendation services is significant for portal operators" continuous and increased sustainability. Therefore, this study aims to explore the factors that continuously use the artificial intelligence news recommendation service based on the user"s attitude toward the characteristics of the artificial intelligence news recommendation service by applying an expanded technology acceptance model. This study surveyed 353 users who had used AI news recommendation services. The results of this study showed that the personalization, immediacy, interaction, and privacy risk characteristics of AI news recommendations can positively affect the user"s intention to continue using the perceived value through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. In addition, this study provides theoretical and practical significance for the future development of operators by identifying factors affecting the intention to continue using AI news recommendation services as a new type of news technology.
Effect of Interpersonal Relationship and Communication Education using Cooperative Learning on Self-esteem and Subjective Happiness of Nursing Students

In the nursing field, various learner-centered learning strategies and teaching and learning methods are required to achieve effective learning outcomes according to the curriculum based on learning outcomes.Therefore, in this study, we will move away from the traditional lecture-oriented teaching and learning method, this is a single-group pre-and post-similar experimental study attempted to determine the effect of human relationship and communication education using cooperative learning on the self-esteem and subjective well-being of nursing students.The study subjects were 137 secondyear nursing students at one university in G City.The research was conducted for two hours per week for 13 weeks from September to December 2019.Data collected were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 Version with descriptive statistics and paired t-test.The result showed both self-esteem (t=-4.438,p<.001) and subjective happiness (t=-3.32,p=.001) of nursing students increased statistically significantly.This suggests that the accumulation of positive experiences in group activities through student-centered cooperative learning to achieve the outcomes of parking education with interdependence improved nursing students' self-esteem and subjective well-being.Therefore, it was confirmed that interpersonal relationship and communication education using cooperative learning in this study is an effective education for improving the self-esteem and subjective happiness of nursing students.Repeated studies are required by establishing a control group in the future, and it is necessary to expand the scope to nursing students in the upper grades of 3rd and 4th year through a similar curriculum to examine the effect, It is suggested that it is necessary to develop a nursing education program to improve the selfesteem and subjective happiness of nursing students.
A Case Study on Educational Service for the Underprivileged Elementary School Students

The purpose of this current study is to analyze the effectiveness of the underprivileged learning support program in the national university development project conducted by Y National University of Education since 2018 and to make educational suggestions for the future communitytailored educational service and preliminary elementary school teaching programs.To this end, the project result reports for the relevant years were gathered, and analyzed by the researchers.The findings of the analysis are as follows.First, the overall satisfaction of prospective elementary school teachers who participated in the underprivileged learning support program showed an average of 4.48.This proved that it was a meaningful experience for them to contain the qualifications and capabilities of prospective teachers through volunteer educational services to marginalized local elementary school students and to grow as a teacher through community-friendly education support.Second, as a result of analyzing the responses to examine changes in the core competencies of prospective elementary school teachers, two major factors affecting job competencies and individual competencies were extracted.Based on these competencies, it was judged that the direct or indirect educational experience of educational services for the underprivileged local students had a positive effect on growing into a competent teacher in the future.
Differences of Elementary School Students' Digital Literacy according to the Clusters of Home Variables

The importance of digital literacy is being emphasized as the digital society accerlerates after the era of 4th industrial revolution and COVID-19.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to verify whether there is any difference in digital literacy according to the clusters of home variables.This study's research questions were as follows: Firstly, how clusters of home variables naturally formed?Secondly, what are the characteristics of the clusters?Thirdly, is there any significant difference in digital literacy according to the clusters of home variables?In order to answer the questions, a survey was conducted with 482 elementary school students in the metropolitan area.The results could be summarized in three main findings.Firstly, as for the cluster analysis using the scales of home variables three clusters-'low usage with mid-level of guidance', 'high usage with low-level of guidance', and 'high usage with highlevel of guidance'-were found.Secondly, the high percentage of students who were exposed to digital devices for the first time before entering elementary school was found in the high usage clusters.Thirdly, 'high usage with high-level of guidance' group showed significantly higher scores on digital literacy than other groups.This study suggested how the digital literacy education for elementary school students and the following research should be offered to better enhance the elementary school students' digital literacy education.
Evaluasi Aplikasi My Pertamina Menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Studi Kasus SPBU Kota Kayuagung)

My Pertamina is a form of Pertamina service in the form of a mobile-based application to make it easier for people to fill up fuel without using cash. The My Pertamina application began to be implemented by the Government since July 1, 2022, but its users are still a little visible in the fact that there are still few queues of people at the non-cash section of the post office and in reverse where people are still happy to stand in long queues with cash or without using the My Pertamina application. Community acceptance of the My Pertamina application is one of the factors that supports the continued use of the application. To find out the community's acceptance of the My Pertamina application, this research uses the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) method, the TAM method consists of three perceptions, namely (i) perception of user convenience (PP), (ii) perception of usefulness (PK), and (iii) technology acceptance (PT). The data collection method uses a quantitative method by using a questionnaire as a tool to collect data on 50 users of the My Pertamina application in all SPBUs in Kota Kayuagung. The validity test shows that every question from the questionnaire is declared valid, the reliability test shows that the questionnaire is consistent and worthy of use, the user convenience perception variable has an average value of 4.48, the usefulness perception variable has an average value of 4.52, and the technology acceptance variable has a value an average of 4.49, this shows that respondents who have used the My Pertamina application have the perception of having received technology from using the My Per-tamina application.&#x0D; Keywords: My Pertamina, TAM, SPBU, BBM, Kuantitatif.
Human Gesture Recognition Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar Using Improved C3D Convolutional Neural Network

&lt;p&gt;In this paper, we propose a time sequential IC3D convolutional neural network approach for hand gesture recognition based on frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. Firstly, the FMCW radar is used to collect the echoes of human hand gestures. A two-dimensional fast Fourier transform calculates the range and velocity information of hand gestures in each frame signal to construct the Range-Doppler heat map dataset of hand gestures. Then, we design an IC3D network for feature extraction and classification of the dynamic gesture heat map. Finally, the experiment results show that the gesture recognition system designed in this paper effectively solves the problems of the difficulty of human gesture feature extraction and low utilization of time series information, and the average recognition accuracy rate can reach more than 99.8%.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
User acceptance test for software development in the agricultural domain using natural language processing

Software test case design is one of the most challenging activities since many actors with different backgrounds must cover most of the user’s needs and expectations. In the agricultural domain tasks can be done in very different ways since practices vary worldwide. Thus, in this context, it is very hard to design test cases to validate requested functionality that automatizes some farm tasks. This paper proposes an approach to make the testing step easier, designing User Acceptance Tests (UATs) from requirements captured through scenarios. The scenarios capture the knowledge of different stakeholders (farmers) and using natural language processing tools, the approach proposed to consolidate the set of scenarios in a consistent and coherent base of knowledge organised in a tree, from where the design of test cases is extracted using the Task/Method model, a tool from the Artificial Intelligence.
The Concept of Cognition as Categorization in the Development of New Metaheuristics and Algorithms Inspired by Nature

The sensorimotor system is a crucial mechanism that enables organisms to categorize information in their environment, a skill necessary for survival. According to cognitive scientist Steven Harnad’s “To Cognize is to Categorize: Cognition is Categorization all living things are essentially sensorimotor systems. This approach is proposed to serve as a novel concept for the development of algorithms inspired by swarm intelligence. Many authors of such algorithms have drawn inspiration from animal species, attempting to emulate their abilities to interact with and navigate their environment. However, these abilities are essentially rooted in the organisms’ categorization skills, which are a fundamental characteristic of all sensorimotor systems. Therefore, when designing new algorithms and metaheuristics, it is unnecessary to seek out new species with specific behaviors; instead, the entire sensorimotor system can be observed, and its sensor capabilities can be incorporated even if they do not exist in nature. In order to justify this, abstraction was used as a way to demonstrate the creation of concepts. The paper offers a new perspective on the development of swarm intelligence algorithms and promotes a holistic approach to algorithm design based on Steven Harnad’s viewpoint of sensory motor systems.
Using JavaScript in web design

JavaScript was created to bring a web page to life. Scripts are programs written in JavaScript. Each script is connected directly to HyperText Markup Language (HTML) in any browser and is immediately executed when the web page is loaded. JavaScript scripts are written in plain text that does not require special training, which is why JavaScript is very different from the Java programming language, to which it is very similar. A special interpreter program allows JavaScript to be used not only in the browser but anywhere, and therefore the process of executing script commands is called “interpretation.” The interpreter executes the program’s JavaScript ource code (script) “as is” in browsers. Modern interpreters convert JavaScript to machine code before execution, optimize it, and only then perform it. Because of this, JavaScript is very fast. All known browsers have a JavaScript interpreter built into them, which is why they can execute scripts on the page. However, JavaScript can be used outside of the browser. This is a full-fledged language, with programs that can be run on a server and even on consumer electronic devices, if they have the appropriate interpreter installed. This article presents various JavaScript applications, used by the author, embedded in HTML files that allow a web designer to make a text animation presentation on a web page, to make a slide show, to create a questionnaire with ready-made answers so that the user reading the web page can easily master the necessary material contained in the questionnaire, to conduct an exam with the user on any topic of interest to him or her in a multitask mode with assessments of the exam results and a table of correct answers, place scientific applications on the web page, for example, a table of chemical elements by Mendeleev with printing of all parameters of a chemical element at the request of the user or calculators that the user can use online. The author has managed to build HTML using JavaScript that allows displaying beautiful Java applets accompanied by a banner, designed as a Java applet, contained within a moving window that expands from the left end and moves to the right end at the top of the web page.
Peer Review Statement

Abstract All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 12 • Number of submissions sent for review: 12 • Number of submissions accepted: 10 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 83.3 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 25 • Contact person for queries: Name: Dr Joan BORG MARKS Email: joan.borg-marks@um.edu.mt Affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malta
AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH RECOUNT TEXTS WRITTEN BY INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Error analysis is widely used in EFL teaching and learning to identify the types and causes of errors made by EFL learners and to determine whether those errors are systematic or random. By examining these errors, teachers can develop effective solutions to reduce, eliminate or improve them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the grammatical errors made by senior high school students when composing recount texts. The study used a descriptive quantitative approach by analysing a corpus of 30 essays written by 15 students. Utilizing Dulay, Burt, Krashen's (1982) framework of surface structure taxonomy for data analysis, the results reveal that students committed errors in four categories: disinformation, misordering, omission, and addition (ordered accordingly from the most to the least produced one). This study implies that recognizing students' writing errors may assist teachers in determining the focus of their instruction in order to enhance student’s learning to a better condition.
Chapter 21: Transformation of Continuous Random Variables, Using the CDF Method

Suppose Y is a continuous random variable with known density fY (y) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) FY (y), and g is a function whose domain contains the support of Y. We are interested in the random variable X = g(Y). We know how to compute E(X), but we often want more information than the first moment of the new random variable. In this chapter we will use the CDF method to find the distribution of a random variable X that is a function of a continuous random variable Y. We can do this by finding the CDF FX (x) using the known CDF FY(y), then taking the derivative with respect to x to get the density.
The Impact of Dynamic Capabilities on Technological Innovation Performance through Business Model Innovation: Focusing on SMEs

본 연구는 중소기업의 동적역량이 비즈니스모델혁신을 통해 기술혁신성과에 미치는 영향을 분석 하였다. 표본 수집을 위하여 전국에 산재한 다양한 업종의 3년 이상 업력의 중소기업에서 3년 이상 근무한 다양한 직종 및 직급의 재직자를 대상으로 획득한 287개의 표본을 Smart PLS 4.0과 SPSS 26.0으로 분석하고 연구가설을 검정하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동적역량의 감지, 가치포착, 조직화, 재구성의 4개 요인은 비즈니스모델혁신에 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비즈니스모델혁신은 기술혁신성과의 제품혁신성과와 공정혁신성과에 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 동적역량과 기술혁신성과 각 요인들의 관계에서 비즈니스모델혁신의 간접효과 매개가 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 시사점은 다음과 같다. 중소기업은 동적역량을 강화하고 비즈니스모델을 지속적으로 혁신하여 기업의 기술혁신성과를 바탕으로 경쟁우위와 신시장창출 전략을 실행해야 할 것이다. 또한, 중소기업 지원기관은 비즈니스모델혁신을 위한 정교한 프레임워크를 개발하여, 중소기업의 경영 혁신을 위한 교육훈련 도구로 적극적으로 활용하여야 한다. This study analyzed the effect of the dynamic capabilities of SMEs on technological innovation performance through business model innovation. For sample collection, 287 samples were analyzed as Smart PLS 4.0 and SPSS 26.0 for employees of various occupations and positions who have worked for SMEs with more than 3 years of business experience in various industries nationwide, and the research hypothesis was tested. The results of the study are as follows. First, the four factors of dynamic capability detection, value capture, organization, and reconstruction were found to have a positive (+) effect on business model innovation. Second, it was found that business model innovation has a positive (+) effect on product innovation performance and process innovation performance of technological innovation performance. In addition, it was confirmed that the indirect effect of business model innovation was significant in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and technological innovation performance and each factor. The implications are as follows. SMEs should strengthen their dynamic capabilities and continuously innovate their business models to implement competitive advantages and new market creation strategies based on the company"s technological innovation performance. In addition, SME support institutions should develop sophisticated frameworks for business model innovation and actively utilize them as educational training tools for SME management innovation.
Features of the Teaching of the Educational Component “Conceptual Basis of Information Search” for Master’s Training

The aim of the article is to highlight the practice of teaching the educational component “Conceptual principles of information search” for masters in specialty 029 “Information, library and archive affairs” at the Private higher educational institution “Kyiv University of Culture”.&#x0D; Research methods. The scientific analysis, synthesis and generalization were used to highlight the meaning of teaching methods, and to generalize information about the content of the educational component “Conceptual principles of information search”; the structural method was applied in order to determine the structure of the mentioned above educational component; classifications was used for the typology of the main organizational forms of the educational process. Logical and systematic approaches made it possible to reveal peculiarities of teaching the educational component, and to trace the relationship between the theory and the practice.&#x0D; Scientific novelty of the study grounds on highlighting peculiarities of teaching the educational component “Conceptual principles of information search” for masters in specialty 029 “Information, library and archive affairs” at the Private higher educational institution “Kyiv University of Culture” which have not been considered before, as well as its practice experience.&#x0D; Main conclusions. The educational component “Conceptual principles of information search” is necessary for future specialists in information, library and archive affairs. The use in teaching the educational component of such innovative methods as the construction of intelligence maps and facets, the elaboration of dictionary articles for the information search thesaurus with the attachment to each student a personal topic related to the future master’s paper, forms an idea about the subject of research. Additionally, working with the sites of libraries and archives makes it possible to accumulate information resources for writing a thesis. The prospects for further research are that the discussion of the structure, the content basis and teaching peculiarities of educational components should take place on an ongoing basis in order to improve the training of specialists in the information field, and contribute to the successive development of specialty 029 “Information, library and archive affairs”.