Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study Between the Fragile and Robust Watermarking Techniques and Proposing New Fragile Watermarking with Embedded Value Technique

Since the Internet has been more widely used and more people have access to multimedia content, copyright hacking, and piracy have risen. By the use of watermarking techniques, security, asset protection, and authentication have all been made possible. In this paper, a comparison between fragile and robust watermarking techniques has been presented to benefit them in recent studies to increase the level of security of critical media. A new technique has been suggested when adding an embedded value (129) to each pixel of the cover image and representing it as a key to thwart the attacker, increase security, rise imperceptibility, and make the system faster in detecting the tamper from unauthorized users. Using the two watermarking types in the same system reaches better results and increases the power of the system and makes it robust against any attack and revel the modification if any at the same time. PSNR has been used as a performance metric to evaluate the study. The result of the new proposed watermark is 54. It is preferable to utilize both a fragile and a robust watermark simultaneously. Index Terms— Robust Watermarking, Fragile Watermarking, Embedded Value, Imperceptibility, Security.
In-Depth Assessment of Cryptographic Algorithms Namely DES, 3DES, AES, RSA, and Blowfish

Securing information is difficult in the modern internet era, as terabytes of data are generated daily online and online transactions occur virtually every second. The current world's information security relies heavily on cryptography, which makes the internet a safer environment. Making information incoherent to an unauthorized person is done through the use of cryptography. Providing legitimate users with confidentiality as a result. There are a wide variety of cryptographic algorithms suitable for this purpose. An ideal cryptography method would allow the user to do their job without breaking the bank. Unfortunately, there is no magic formula that can address every issue.Several algorithms balance cost and performance. A banking application needs robust security at a high cost, while a gaming software that sends user patterns for analytics cares more about speed and cost. Thus, choosing the appropriate encryption technique for the user. This study offers important insights in the process of selecting cryptographic algorithms in terms of each algorithm's strengths, weaknesses, cost, and performance . In order to demonstrate an entire performance analysis in this article, as opposed to just theoretical comparisons, this research developed and thoroughly examined the cost and performance of commonly used cryptographic algorithms, including DES, 3DES, AES, RSA, and blowfish. According to the findings, blowfish requires the smallest amount of time to decrypt files of various sizes (25K, 50K, 1M, 2M, 3M, and 4M), and it also consumes the smallest amount of memory. This makes it approximately three times faster than other cryptographic algorithms. Index Terms— Cryptograph Algorithm, Security attacks , Key, Cipher.
Renormalization of Quantum Transfer Matrices

This chapter introduces the quantum transfer matrix renormalization group (QTMRG). It is a method of studying the thermodynamic and correlation functions of one-dimensional quantum lattice models. The RG transformation matrices are determined using the criteria presented in the preceding chapter and used to update the transfer matrix and other physical quantities. The spin-1/2 and spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg models are used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
Tensor Network Ansatz of Wave Functions

This chapter introduces the tensor network ansatz for a quantum state whose entanglement entropy obeys the so-called area law with or without logarithmic corrections. This ansatz represents a quantum many-body wave function by a network product of local tensors defined on the lattice sites and treats all tensor elements as variational parameters. It includes, for example, one-dimensional matrix product states (MPS) and two-dimensional projected entangled pair states (PEPS) or projected entangled simplex states (PESS). A typical example is the spin-1 AKLT chain, whose ground state can be exactly represented as an MPS. If a logarithmic correction to the entanglement area law emerges, a tensor network state termed the multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) describes the entanglement structure of the ground state more accurately in one dimension.
Tensor Network Representation of Operators

This chapter introduces the tensor network representation of physical operators, especially the matrix product representation of model Hamiltonians, called the matrix product operators (MPO), and the quantum transfer matrix representation of partition functions with different boundary conditions or with an impurity. The leading eigenvalue and eigenvectors of the quantum transfer matrix determine all thermodynamic quantities. It allows us to investigate thermodynamics without solving the full energy spectra of the Hamiltonian.
Tensor Network Representation of Classical Statistical Models

This chapter introduces the tensor network representation of the partition functions of classical statistical models. A classical statistical model may have different tensor network representations. Using simple examples, we show how to represent a classical statistical model as a tensor network model, for example, on the lattice where the Hamiltonian is defined or on its dual lattice. A tensor network representation of a model defined on a vertex-sharing lattice is also introduced. Finally, we discuss the duality properties of the q-state clock and q-state Potts models and determine their self-dual points using their tensor network models on the square lattice.
Two-Dimensional Tensor Network States

This chapter discusses the methods of solving PEPS or other two-dimensional tensor network states, including variational optimization and the annealing simulation. The variation optimization determines the local terms by minimizing the ground-state energy. The annealing simulation takes the full or simple update strategy to filter out the ground state through the imaginary time evolution. The nonlinear effect arises in evaluating the derivative of uniform PEPS and is avoided by utilizing automatic differentiation. Both variational optimization and the annealing simulation involve a contraction of double-layer tensor network states. This contraction is the primary technical barrier in the study of PEPS. A nested tensor network approach is introduced to combat this difficulty.
Time-Dependent Methods

This chapter introduces the method for solving time-dependent problems of quantum many-body systems. It includes the pace-keeping DMRG, time-evolving block decimation (TEBD), adaptive time-dependent DMRG, and folded transfer matrix methods. The pace-keeping DMRG, which solves the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, works independently of the dimensionality, nor the model Hamiltonian, with or without impurities. The time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) is more efficient than the pace-keeping DMRG if a one-dimensional Hamiltonian with the nearest-neighboring interactions is studied. The adaptive time-dependent DMRG provides an efficient scheme to implement TEBD with the skill of DMRG. On the other hand, the folded transfer matrix method handles the transfer matrix like TMRG by folding the transfer matrix so that the entanglement entropy along the positive and negative time evolution directions can partially cancel each other. This folding scheme significantly extends the time scale within which a time-dependent problem can be reliably investigated.
INTERNET OF THINGS GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a “buzz word”, growing into an industry that is predicted to be worth $11 trillion by 2025. IoT devices are equipped with sensors that enable them to collect, transmit and process large volumes of data about their surroundings over the Internet, often without human intervention. Hence, these devices are often referred to as “smart” devices and are reported to bridge the gap between digital and physical worlds. The heterogeneity of the devices in the IoT and the volumes of data involved introduce inherent risk to any network housing such devices. A major concern is that ninety percent of the offerings currently in existence to address IoT related risk are repackaged general-purpose information technology (IT) security technologies, which unfortunately do not adequately address the IoT needs. Moreover, it is reported that the IoT requires new architectures and protocols compared to traditional computer networks, introducing a requirement for new standards, models and frameworks, not currently in existence to address several areas of the IoT. To this end, this article motivates towards the requirement of an IoT governance framework instead of traditional IT governance (ITG) frameworks. The authors of this article intended to explore the state of published literature on IoT governance frameworks. The objective was to establish whether IoT governance frameworks currently exist. Through a systematic literature review, it was established that scholars widely agree on the need for an IoT governance framework, however, one is currently not in existence. Therefore, considerations from the literature were presented as components to be included in an IoT governance framework. Limitations of this study were that technical works were not considered as the study focused on governance and not management. Keywords: Internet of Things; IoT Governance; IT Governance; Heterogeneous Systems
Turkish Investments in Central Asian Countries

The article analyses the dynamics of Turkish foreign direct investment in Central Asia. Internal prerequisites for the formation of investment policy and the main drivers of Turkish enterprises to enter the markets of the region are studied. The author proposes a periodization of Ankara’s relations with the Central Asian countries and estimates the prospects of investment relations.
Document Control

Document control is a fundamental aspect of quality management in a clinical laboratory. It ensures that documents related to the procedures, protocols, and guidelines are properly created, managed, and maintained. This chapter delineates the core concepts of document control, including the process of creation, approval, unique identification, and the need for periodic review and update. It further discusses the nuances of revision, amendment, availability, and authorization of documents. The removal of obsolete documents ensures that only current and relevant information is accessed by staff. Creation of standard operating procedures (SOP), its structure and body, and elaborating on the different types, that may be employed within the laboratory environment are covered. Quality manual, a key document that encapsulates the laboratory’s commitment to quality control and contributes to the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of clinical laboratory operations, is also covered in the present chapter.
Sources of Interactive Qualitative Analysis Affinity Pair Relationship Explanations During COVID-19

This study investigates the implementation of the methodology, Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) to understand how non-major accounting students learn Accounting 101 in a threshold concepts-inspired tutorial programme. Even though IQA is a predominantly qualitative method, it incorporates quantitative data with qualitative data systematically. These data collection and data analysis procedures are a means of aiding participants in a focus group to describe their experiences with a phenomenon, to name these experiences and to then describe the relationships between these named experiences. The objective of the IQA methodology is to create a picture, a Systems Influence Diagram (SID), representative of the mind map of the focus group participants, with regard to the phenomenon outlined in the issue statements. A summary of theoretical codes used to capture the relationships between affinities named, an Inter Relationship Diagram (IRD), is used to draw the SID. This study describes how the IQA methodology was implemented using an online platform, during the COVID-19 pandemic, to collect data regarding the explanations of each affinity pair relationship identified. Keywords: Non-major accounting students, Interactive Qualitative Analysis, Affinity Pair Relationships, Explanations, Systems Influence Diagram, Threshold Concepts Tutorial Programme
L-SecNet: Towards Secure and Lightweight Deep Neural Network Inference

The advances in machine learning technology has promoted its great potential for deep neural network (DNN) inference powered applications of Internet of Things (IoT), such as facial verification cameras and speech recognition assistants. The current deployment of these applications also raises serious privacy concerns, especially when sensitive individual information is accessed easily by various IoT devices. Fortunately, the cryptography-based solutions are able to execute secure inference without infringing the user’s raw data and the model owner’s proprietary model. However, existing works suffer from impractically high latency and low accuracy, stemming primarily from the evaluations of the non-linear layers in DNN. In this paper, we propose L-SecNet, a lightweight secure neural network inference system that provides efficient inference services without sacrificing accuracy and privacy. Specifically, to reduce latency caused by comparison operations in non-linear layers, we subtly combine additive secret sharing and multiplicative secret sharing to design a lightweight secure comparison protocol. Further, we approximate the commonly used and time-consuming activation functions (including Sigmoid and Tanh functions) with the non-linear sin function instead of the linear polynomial approximation functions in the existing works. In order to maintain low running latency while meeting the requirement of high accuracy, a secure and lightweight protocol for a sin function is proposed. Our theoretical analysis and empirical experiments evaluate the security and efficiency of the L-SecNet system. Compared with the state-of-the-art works, L-SecNet saves up to about 80 times bandwidth and about 53 times runtime.
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF PUPILS USING THE THEORY OF FUZZY LOGIC FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES IN THE INFORMATION SYSTEM” SMART SCHOOL"

In this article, we will talk about the problems of collecting, monitoring and selecting exercises for the pupil in an individual way based on the results of the assessment of physical and anthropometric indicators of children in schools and the solutions proposed to it. Naturally, a lot of scientific work has been done on the issue of the physical development of man, anthropometric indicators. But most of this is done for the world of professional sports or show business. Few such experiments have been done on school-age pupils. One of the main reasons for this is the large number of schoolchildren, which we can cite as a reason for problems in data collection.
A Digital Chinese Brush System Design based on Embodied Interaction Theory

Based on the Embodied Interaction Theory (EI), this study suggests an innovative digitalization approach for the Chinese Brush, a traditional writing tool in Chinese culture. The significance of authentic Paper-Brush Interaction is overlooked by current digitization techniques for traditional Chinese brushes, while being vital to users' comprehension of Chinese calligraphy and the creative process. We provide a Digital Chinese Brush System that enables users to create calligraphy and drawings on paper in a style akin to that of a traditional Chinese brush, and to receive both digital and real representations of their creations. This system helps to lower the obstacles to digital calligraphy creation, improve the artistic variety of calligraphy pieces, and increase the application of the traditional Chinese brush in digital art production. Furthermore, this approach provides novel insights into other Cultural Heritages’ digitalization.
An Immersive Embodied Interaction Artwork of Cantonese Porcelain

The introduction of traditional handicrafts through experiential courses provides a unique opportunity for learners to engage with the production of handiworks, contributing to the preservation and continuation of cultural heritage. However, the extended class hours may lead to learner disinterest, while the intricate nature of certain handiworks makes completion within a brief period challenging. This paper proposes an innovative immersive learning approach that merges virtual reality technology with embodied interaction to deliver an enhanced learning experience for Canton porcelain. Learners will identify corresponding porcelains based on the patterns presented within a task list, and subsequently engage in the virtual scene to recreate the production process of Canton porcelain, simulating key painting techniques. Our research findings demonstrate that the immersive learning mode enables learners to rapidly develop their understanding of Canton porcelain, facilitating mastery of core painting techniques in a condensed timeframe.
Seamless Indoor/Outdoor Marker-Less Augmented Reality Registration Supporting Facility Management Operations

Augmented reality (AR) still struggles to be widely used in real processes in the construction industry despite its great potential. This is partly due to the difficulties that exist in aligning holograms and maintaining their stability, especially for outdoor applications. In addition, being indoor-outdoor interactions crucial for built environment management, it would be important that AR apps can work seamlessly. Alignment in indoor environments cannot make use of methods such as GNSS, nor can all environments be assumed to have been previously initialized with AR tools. Thus, marker-less AR registration is crucial for indoor applications. This paper presents an approach for marker-less AR registration seamlessly in both outdoor and indoor environments. Real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) technologies have been chosen for outdoor registration, while image comparison based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) for indoor registration. In this research, the application of these two technologies and their integration have been studied and tested on site on a real Facility Management use case related to a university campus. The proposed approach has shown very promising results in displaying BIM elements of the electrical system seamlessly superimposed through AR to their physical counterparts in mixed indoor-outdoor environments
Integrating Real-Time Object Detection into an AR-Driven Task Assistance Prototype: An Approach Towards Reducing Specific Motions in Therbligs Theory

Due to challenges in filling vacant positions and the heightened demands posed on existing staff, employers and project managers are progressively considering the recruitment of inexperienced individuals and seeking strategies to swiftly provide them with essential job-specific knowledge. The potential of industrial AR has been widely researched to support workers in overcoming skill-related knowledge and enhancing industrial processes. However, most studies focus on demonstrating technology usability across different processes and overcoming engineering hurdles on a case-by-case basis. There is no direct benefit analysis on how AR assists construction tasks at human motion level, and how to eliminate the ineffective motions and reduce the duration of effective motions. To fill this gap, this paper first establishes an AR-based near real-time object detection system of small tools and components involved in task processes for egocentric perception of workers in the construction industry. Later, the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for scaffolding assembly activities is deconstructed from a manual process into Therbligs-based elemental motions. Finally, this research conducted a comparative study of two prototypes across four dimensions of evaluation. As a step forward in this direction, this paper renews the connotations of Therbligs theory under industry 5.0 era, rethinks the AR-assisted construction task processes, and applies appropriate technologies enhancing the adaptability of AR technology for construction workers’ needs
Blockchain-BPMN Integrated Framework for Construction Management

Implementing blockchain benefits various construction management processes, such as securing payments, enabling traceable design process, and enhancing information transparency in supply chain. However, blockchain implementation in construction is still in its infancy due to weak functionality of smart contracts, which are self-enforceable programs allowing iteration between external data and blockchain. In the context of construction management that embraces complex and dynamic business processes, smart contracts are currently designed based on specific and isolated functional requirements without considering the connection and execution logic between these functions. It leads to inefficient collaboration and even execution errors, thereby corrupting data quality and even causing business failure. Therefore, this paper proposes a Blockchain-BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) integrated (BBI) framework for construction management. The framework poses two contributions. First, a BPMN-driven method is developed to design smart contracts supporting executing linked and logically connected business activities. Second, an access control strategy is integrated into smart contracts to safeguard the accessibility of sensitive business data in a blockchain environment. The BBI framework is validated in an actual BIM design collaboration scenario, and results show its feasibility and computational performance are acceptable. Several aspects for improvement and future directions are discussed in the end
Zero-Knowledge Proof for Trusted Construction Management: A Preliminary Study of Adaptive Blockchain BIM Identity Authentication

Blockchain technology emphasizes trust and collaboration through distributed networks and is deemed to contribute to building information modeling (BIM) based construction collaboration and management. However, the open nature of blockchain introduces severe cybersecurity attacks that undermine the trustworthiness of construction management. One salient point is identity authentication for security BIM data access in the blockchain environment. The traditional public-private key or password authenticate methods are vulnerable to malicious theft. Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) is an emerging, password-free method for authenticating identities. It allows one party to prove the truth or falsity of a statement to another party without revealing any meaningful information to the counterpart. Therefore, this study proposes a preliminary user authentication protocol based on the non-interactive ZKP protocol, specifically the zk-SNARK protocol, for adaptive authentication of blockchain BIM. The adaptive authentication recognizes a random subset of on-chain historical BIM operation records to prove the identity according to the protocol. Without revealing any meaningful knowledge to the authentication system, this adaptive data access control prevents password attacks using the BIM records on-chain. Finally, the proposed protocol is deployed on the test blockchain and implemented in a preliminary case study to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The main contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, the theoretical contribution is proposing a novel zk-SARKs-based identity authentication protocol that utilizes the on-chain BIM operation records. Secondly, the practical contribution relies on presenting a ZoKrates-based workflow of generating proofs, creating smart contracts, and deploying on the blockchain for verification