Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the Operation Efficiency of the Basic Endowment Insurance System for Urban and Rural Residents in China: Based on the Two-Stage Network DEA Model

In the next few decades, China's old-age security system will face the greatest challenge, in order to solve the problem of residents "old age", and in order to reduce the risk of old-age due to population aging, China has successively built urban social old-age insurance and a new rural social old-age insurance system, and in 2014 it was merged into a unified urban and rural residents basic endowment insurance system, which makes China's social security system cover all groups. After more than 8 years of practice, it is of great significance to evaluate the operation efficiency of the basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents in China. On this basis, 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions were selected as samples, and the two-stage network data envelopment analysis method was used to calculate the operation efficiency of China's basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents from 2014 to 2021, and the DEA-Malmquist index method was used to dynamically analyze the total factor productivity. The results show that: (1) the overall efficiency value of the financing stage and operation stage of the basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents in China is basically stable. (2) In the financing stage and operation stage, the average total factor productivity of China's basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents from 2014 to 2021 was 1.033, indicating that the increase in total factor productivity was 3.3%, and (3) the technological progress index and pure technological efficiency in various time periods from 2014 to 2021 had a significant impact on the operation efficiency of China's basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents.
Research on Educational Compensation Mechanism of Rural Left-behind Children from the Perspective of Ecosystem Theory

With the rapid development of urbanization and informatization in China, the lack of education for left-behind children in rural areas is becoming increasingly serious. This problem is mainly manifested in the difficulties of left-behind children's self-education, lack of family education, limited school education, insufficient community care and imperfect social support. In order to effectively solve the education problem of left-behind children, it is necessary to make concerted efforts from all parties of left-behind children, so as to effectively solve the education problem of left-behind children in rural areas, let them enjoy fair and high-quality educational resources and realize all-round development.
READING MOTIVATION APPROACH UTILIZED BY PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS OF CLUSTER III ALAMINOS CITY DIVISION

This study was conducted to determine the level of utilization of the reading motivation approaches by public elementary school teachers in Cluster III of Alaminos City Division during the school year 2019 - 2020. Specifically, it delved on determining the profile of the respondents, the level of utilization of teachers on the reading motivation approaches, and the level of seriousness of the problems encountered by the teachers in utilizing the reading motivation approaches. Likewise, it determined the significance of the difference of the level of utilization of the public elementary schools on the reading motivation approaches across their profile variables. Moreover, it determined if the level of seriousness of the problems encountered in utilizing the reading motivation approaches differ significantly across the respondent-teachers’ profile variables. The study made use of the descriptive-survey method of research with the FivePoint Likert Questionnaire as the main tool used in gathering pertinent data to this study.
Arabic/English Handwritten Digits Recognition using MLPs, CNN, RF, and CNN-RF

Day by day, machine learning and deep learning reduce the efforts needed by humans in many fields. Handwriting recognition is one such field. In Handwriting Recognition (HWR), a machine can interpret and recognize handwritten input from different sources like papers, touch screens, images, etc. by interpreting it into machine-readable formats. Arab countries often use Arabic digits in addition to English digits. In banks, business applications, etc. This article discusses four methods to recognize Arabic/English handwritten digits which are: random forest (RF), multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), convolutional neural network (CNN), and CNN-RF. These methods were implemented with the help of the MNIST and MADBase datasets and the results appear that in comparison with the other algorithms, the highest accuracy was obtained by the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a value of 99.11%.
Research and Implementation of Inpainting Algorithms for Old Photos

In view of the scratches and red spots caused by the impact of time, environment and shooting equipment on the old photos, this paper uses MATLAB as image processing simulation software to carry out the research and implementation of image inpainting algorithm. By comparing and analyzing the repair effect and operational efficiency of the three basic models based on partial differential equations: BSCB model, TV model, and CDD model, the method of introducing weights into the TV model is selected to perform simple repair on color photos and black and white photos with scratches and red dots, and the repair results of old photos are presented through the MATLAB GUI interface. The experimental results show that the introduction of weight values in the TV model not only has a significant effect on solving the problem of unidirectional extension of the equal illuminance line in the TV model, but also has a good effect on repairing scratches and red dots in small-scale color and black and white photos.
Confidence-aware self-supervised learning for dense monocular depth estimation in dynamic laparoscopic scene

This paper tackles the challenge of accurate depth estimation from monocular laparoscopic images in dynamic surgical environments. The lack of reliable ground truth due to inconsistencies within these images makes this a complex task. Further complicating the learning process is the presence of noise elements like bleeding and smoke. We propose a model learning framework that uses a generic laparoscopic surgery video dataset for training, aimed at achieving precise monocular depth estimation in dynamic surgical settings. The architecture employs binocular disparity confidence information as a self-supervisory signal, along with the disparity information from a stereo laparoscope. Our method ensures robust learning amidst outliers, influenced by tissue deformation, smoke, and surgical instruments, by utilizing a unique loss function. This function adjusts the selection and weighting of depth data for learning based on their given confidence. We trained the model using the Hamlyn Dataset and verified it with Hamlyn Dataset test data and a static dataset. The results show exceptional generalization performance and efficacy for various scene dynamics, laparoscope types, and surgical sites.
Technological Change and Organizational Performance of Commercial Banks in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between technological change and organizational performance of commercial banks in Bayelsa State. The research adopted survey design method which comprises of 100 respondents drawn from 15 commercial banks in Bayelsa State sampled with questionnaire. The study used Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient (rs) to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The study found out that technological adoption has a significant and weak positive relationship with operational performance and financial performance in commercial banks in Bayelsa State. The study concludes that technological adoption contributes significantly to the modeled outcomes of operational performance and financial performance. The study recommended that the commercial banks should be ready to adapt to new technology and modern ways of production that can help facilitate improvement in sales and to maximize profit.
Effective Communication of Business Objectives and Strategies is Catholicon to Employee Performance

The study aim is to examine effective communication of organizational objectives and strategies as a Catholicon to employee performance. Specifically, the study examines the communication channels available for effective communication and employee performance, and also ascertain the possible challenges of effective communication and employee performance. Communication is beyond mere interaction between individuals and group in the business organizational settings. Keeping lower employees in the dark is simply wrong because they might fail to perform the expected task and responsibility assigned to them by their superiors. Most management don’t consider the involvement of employees in the development of business strategies rather they tend to establish strategies among the top guns in the company. The study adopted a descriptive survey design which will involve generating data from a sample of respondent at a given point in time. The sampled participants for this study comprised of thirty-four medium scale enterprise because the study is a macro level of analysis. Inferential statistics was used to reach conclusions and make generalizations about the study objectives based on data collected from the sample. The result of this study statistically shows that there is a significant correlation between communication channels available for effective communication and employee performance. Also, it revealed that there is a significant correlation between possible challenges of effective communication and employee performance. There should be development of effective communication channels/medium that will enable management to relate and communicate business objectives and strategies to achieve said objectives in expected time.
EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

The objective of this paper was to determine the effect of electronic payment system on the Nigerian economy. This study adopted the ex-post-facto research design to determine the causeeffect relationship of electronic payment and the Nigerian economy. The dependent and independent variables were observed over the period, 2009 to 2020. The same data were analyzed and tested using econometric analytical technique to determine the impact of the independent variable (electronic payment proxied by ATM payment, POS payment, Web payment and mobile money transfer payment) on the dependent variable (Nigerian economy proxied by Gross Domestic Product). Data were tested using the E-view statistical software adopting the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method on the regression model adopted. The signs and significance of the regression coefficients were relied upon in explaining the nature and influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable as to determine both magnitude and direction of impact. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 (5%) level of significance. Results from the study revealed that automated teller machine (ATM), point of sale (POS), web payment (WEBPAY) and mobile money (MBM) payment has positive and significant impact on the Nigerian economy. Thus, electronic payment has positive and significant impact on the Nigerian economy. The study therefore concludes that, an increase in electronic payment will lead to an increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and by implication economic growth. Hence, it is recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria, through the Central Bank of Nigeria should establish policies that ensure the enhancement and sustenance of efficient electronic payment channels.
Analisis Frasa Pada Website Universitas Islam Riau

Phrases are part of the syntax which is formed from two or more words and their position in the clause is not more than one syntactic functionPhrases do not consist of subject-predicate structures, or predicate-object structures, but phrases consist of only subject, predicate, or object only. The problems described in this study are (1) What are the types of phrases found on the website of the Riau Islamic University? (2) What is the structure of the phrases on the website of the Riau Islamic University? The objectives of this study are. To analyze and describe the types of phrases and phrases structures found on the Islamic University Website. The theory that the writer uses to analyze this research is the theory put forward by Chaer (2009), Sulistyowati (2012), Miftahul and Sakura (2014). The method used is content analysis method. This type of research is library research (Library Research). The approach used is a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were documentation techniques and hermeneutic techniques. The data analysis techniques used were classification and interpretation. Based on the research carried out, it can be concluded that 1) the types of phrases found on the website of the Riau Islamic University are nominal phrases, verbal phrases, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases. So, the total nominal, verbal, adjective, and prepositional phrases found on the website of the Riau Islamic University are as many as 60 phrases. 2) the structure of the phrases found on the website of the Riau Islamic University, namely nominal phrases with as many noun + noun (N + N) structures and noun + adjective (N + A), verbal phrases with a verbal + noun (V + N) structure adjective (V + A), verbal + preposition (V + Prep), adverb + verbal (Adv + V) and verbal + verbal (V + V), adjective phrases with the structure of adjectivea + adverb (A + Adv), adjective + noun (A + N) and adverb + adjective (Adv + A), as well as prepositional phrases that have a prepositional + noun structure (Prep + N), prepositions + verbs (Prep + V) and prepositions + adjectives (Prep + A).
Konstruksi Penilaian Berbicara dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas X SMAN di Kecamatan Tenayan Raya Pekanbaru

This research is based on the construction of speaking assessment in Indonesian language learning. The importance of this research is studied because it produces the basic concept of speaking assessment, especially in learning Indonesian SMA class X. The problem studied in this study is how the construction of speaking assessment in learning Indonesian for class X SMAN in Tenayan Raya District, Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study was to construct a speaking assessment in Indonesian language learning for class X SMAN in Tenayan Raya District, Pekanbaru. The main theory used by researchers is Kusumastuti (2019), Tarigan (2008), Yunus (2012) and A.K (2019). The research approach carried out using a qualitative approach. This type of research uses the type of field research. The research method uses the phenomenological method. The data analysis technique was carried out using phenomenological techniques. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interview techniques and documentation techniques. The research informants were class X Indonesian teachers at SMA Negeri 6 Pekanbaru, SMA Negeri 10 Pekanbaru, and SMA Negeri 11 Pekanbaru, totaling six teachers. Based on the analysis conducted by the researcher, the results of this study indicate that the assessment of speaking in learning Indonesian for class X at SMA Negeri 6 Pekanbaru, SMA Negeri 10 Pekanbaru, and SMA Negeri 11 Pekanbaru used forms, including (1) conversation, (2) ) pronunciation, (3) video, (4) intonation, (5) content, (6) reading, (7) practice, and (8) articulation. This study concludes that the eight forms of assessment found by researchers can be recommended to educational institutions as a concept for measuring student speaking assessment.
Analisis Butir Soal Bahasa Indonesia Ujian Semester Genap Kelas VII SMP Negeri 8 Pekanbaru Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020

This research is entitled "Analysis of Indonesian Language Questions for Even Semester VIII Class SMP Negeri 8 Pekanaru for the 2019/2020 Academic Year". The problems described in this study are: (1) How to write Indonesian language questions for the even semester exams for class VIII SMPN 8 Pekanbaru in the 2019/2020 school year on the question material aspect?, (2) How to write Indonesian language questions for the odd semester exams for class VIII SMPN 8 Pekanbaru for the 2019/2020 school year on the question construction aspect? The theory used is the 2008 Ministry of National Education, Arikunto 1992, Nurgiyantoro 2014, and other supporting theories. The research approach is a quantitative type of field research and (field research) and library (library research) the method used is descriptive. Source of research data on odd semester examinations in Indonesian for class VIII SMP Negeri 8 Pekanbaru for the 2019/2020 school year. The results showed that the analysis of the items for the Even Semester Examination of Indonesian Language Subjects for Class VIII of SMP Negeri 8 Pekanbaru, Marpoyan Damai District for the 2019/2020 Academic Year, in the material aspect of the questions, 45 items showed (90%), and 5 items were not good. the questions show (10%) and are categorized as very good (86-94) thus the hypothesis is rejected. While in the construction aspect, 44 items show good questions (88%), and 6 items that are not good show (12%) and are categorized as very good (86-94) thus the hypothesis is rejected
GDM: Dual Mixup for Graph Classification with Limited Supervision

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) require a large number of labeled graph samples to obtain good performance on the graph classification task. The performance of GNNs degrades significantly as the number of labeled graph samples decreases. To reduce the annotation cost, it is therefore important to develop graph augmentation methods that can generate new graph instances to increase the size and diversity of the limited set of available labeled graph samples. In this work, we propose a novel mixup-based graph augmentation method, Graph Dual Mixup (GDM), that leverages both functional and structural information of the graph instances to generate new labeled graph samples. GDM employs a graph structural auto-encoder to learn structural embeddings of the graph samples, and then applies mixup to the structural information of the graphs in the learned structural embedding space and generates new graph structures from the mixup structural embeddings. As for the functional information, GDM applies mixup directly to the input node features of the graph samples to generate functional node feature information for new mixup graph instances. Jointly, the generated input node features and graph structures yield new graph samples which can supplement the set of original labeled graphs. Furthermore, we propose two novel Balanced Graph Sampling methods to enhance the balanced difficulty and diversity for the generated graph samples. Experimental results on the benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed method substantially outperforms the state-of-the-art graph augmentation methods when the labeled graphs are scarce.
Analisis Buku Teks Bahasa Indonesia Kelas X SMAN 5 Pekanbaru Karangan Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

Education is an important factor in producing the quality of human resources. Textbooks are used by teachers to help the teaching and learning process. The textbook itself must be interesting in terms of content, language, and others so that students who read it are more enthusiastic about learning it. This research is entitled "Analysis of Textbooks Indonesian Class X SMAN 5 Pekanbaru Published by the Ministry of Education and Culture". Objective : The research is to describe, analyze and interpret textbooks Indonesian are worthy (meet the criteria) for use by students of SMAN 5 Pekanbaru in terms of material content, presentation, graphs and language. The research approach is descriptive. The data collection technique is to analyze and interpret class X Indonesian textbooks published by the Ministry of Education and Culture by adhering to the muslich theory. Results : analysis of the ministry of education and culture books by adhering to the muslich theory can be stated that the books of class X students are compiled, published and distributed by the ministry of education and culture of quality
Analisis Penggunaan Istilah dalam Penulisan Berita pada Website Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

The development of mass media in Indonesia today can be said to be very rapid. This can be seen from the emergence of various kinds of media, both print and electronic, that are developing in the midst of society. The media as a source of information must present information clearly. Clear in this case is clear in the news information and clear in the use of language. In line with this opinion. This study aims to determine the use of terms in news published on the UAD website. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this research is the use of terms used in the news on the UAD website. The data collection method used is the Simak, Gratis, Liba, Cakap (SBLC) method. There are two formulations that will be answered in this research; (1) how are the terms used in the UAD website; (2) What are the factors that cause the emergence of the term. This research produces written data. The results of the study show that there are 136 types of words with a total of 136 data, each consisting of 92 general term data and 44 special term data. Related to the factor of the use of terms, there are 116 accuracy data, 18 summary data and 2 data according to linguistic conventions. The dominant term factor used is the accuracy factor.
Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Unjuk Kerja pada Materi Membaca Puisi di SMA

What are the stages of development and the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of developing an instrument for assessing the performance of poetry reading materials at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru. The aim is to develop and produce an instrument for assessing performance on poetry reading material at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru that meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective. This research is research and development. Researchers will use 3D models. There are 3 stages, namely Define, Design, and Develop. The research was conducted at SMA N 1 Pekanbaru class X IPA 1 and 2 totaling 35 students. Based on the analysis carried out on the validation of the instrument, it was developed to achieve an average score level of the final score of all validators of 91% in the very valid category. The results of the educator practicality questionnaire analysis show that the average score of the final grades of all practitioners. The performance assessment instrument is 97% in the very practical category. From the observation of student learning activities carried out by Indonesian language subject educators based on data analysis, it can be categorized as very effective with a percentage value of 82.85%. From the overall results of validation, practicality, and effectiveness, it can be concluded that the Poetry Reading Material Performance Assessment Instrument produced is valid, practical, and effective. Thus the Poetry Reading Material Performance Assessment Instrument that was developed can be used by educators and students in learning to read poetry for high school class X.