Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Answering Private Linear Queries Adaptively Using the Common Mechanism

When analyzing confidential data through a privacy filter, a data scientist often needs to decide which queries will best support their intended analysis. For example, an analyst may wish to study noisy two-way marginals in a dataset produced by a mechanism M 1 . But, if the data are relatively sparse, the analyst may choose to examine noisy one-way marginals, produced by a mechanism M 2 , instead. Since the choice of whether to use M 1 or M 2 is data-dependent, a typical differentially private workflow is to first split the privacy loss budget ρ into two parts: ρ 1 and ρ 2 , then use the first part ρ 1 to determine which mechanism to use, and the remainder ρ 2 to obtain noisy answers from the chosen mechanism. In a sense, the first step seems wasteful because it takes away part of the privacy loss budget that could have been used to make the query answers more accurate. In this paper, we consider the question of whether the choice between M 1 and M 2 can be performed without wasting any privacy loss budget. For linear queries, we propose a method for decomposing M 1 and M 2 into three parts: (1) a mechanism M * that captures their shared information, (2) a mechanism M′1 that captures information that is specific to M 1 , (3) a mechanism M′2 that captures information that is specific to M 2 . Running M * and M′ 1 together is completely equivalent to running M 1 (both in terms of query answer accuracy and total privacy cost ρ ). Similarly, running M * and M′ 2 together is completely equivalent to running M 2 . Since M * will be used no matter what, the analyst can use its output to decide whether to subsequently run M ′ 1 (thus recreating the analysis supported by M 1 )or M′ 2 (recreating the analysis supported by M 2 ), without wasting privacy loss budget.
Training of qualified specialists in the conditions of digitalization of education

Modern professions offered high demands on the intellectual skills of employees to students’ place. Information technologies, especially multimedia, provide an opportunity to develop the intellectual skills of students. High requirements for the intellectual development of students occupy one of the leading positions in the international labor market. A delay in the development of intellectual skills means a delay in life. Therefore, in professional preparation of students for the modern digital society, it is necessary, first of all, to develop their intellectual skills and teach them how to apply them in practice
Design Optimization of Smart Wheelchair using MEMS Sensor

Electric wheelchairs are designed to assist paraplegics. Regrettably, those with more severe impairments, such as quadriplegics who are unable to move any part of their body but their head, cannot use these. They are unable to grasp objects or make motions that would give them freedom over their movements since they have no control over their hand movements. They only have control over the movements of their heads. They require expensive, uncommon, and highly complex medical equipment. This research presents a microcontroller-based system that enables head movements to control a typical electric wheelchair. The wheelchair would travel in the four directions forward, backward, right, or left, by tilting the head in the corresponding directions. This study intends to imitate the electric wheelchair on a small scale and demonstrate its functionality and benefits over other electric wheelchairs that are currently on the market. It represents an innovative way to build a head-motion-controlled wheelchair.
Patent Infringement by Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems, Specifically Artificial Neural Networks

Patent law is increasingly challenged by the growing dissemination and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Issues such as the patentability of AI systems or the consequences of the use of AI for the definition of the person skilled in the art and the inventive step have been discussed in the literature, and first decisions in different jurisdictions concerned the patentability of inventions developed by AI systems and the related question of a requirement of a human inventor. In contrast, the following contribution focuses on a field that has received little attention so far, namely patent infringement by development and use of AI systems, specifically artificial neural networks. After a brief introduction (see Sect. 1) and overview (see Sect. 2), different approaches to define artificial intelligence in the context of patent law will be presented (see Sect. 3) before possible acts of infringement are considered in detail (see Sect. 4) and the attribution of ‘autonomous’ acts of infringement by AI systems (see Sect. 5) and the question of fault (see Sect. 6) are discussed. A final conclusion (see Sect. 7) summarises the results.
Artificial Intelligence and the Technicality Requirement of Patent Law

Innovations in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) are creating numerous challenges for the patent system. Important topics of debate concern inventorship, clarity and enabling disclosure. However, the most crucial issue is technicality. On the one hand, claimed subject-matter has to have technical character in order to qualify as an invention. On the other hand, the assessment of inventive step in the context of so-called mixed-type inventions requires to determine what aspects of an invention contribute to its technical character. There are typically two main dimensions in which the technical character of relevant features can be found. Technicality may result either from the specific purpose and field of application of the invention or from the specific implementation disclosed. Whereas certain types of AI-related inventions may obtain protection under the EPC, the European patent landscape is no easy territory for core AI innovations directed to new algorithms, models, architectures and training methods.
Some Remarks on the Subjective Profiles of the EOSC Project, Especially from the Perspective of IP Law

This essay introduces the European Union project to create a new ‘Cloud’, a digital repository for all results of publicly funded scientific research in Europe. The project is important and interesting in many aspects, but, according to the author, it should give more attention to the IP rights that can cover the results of the research. From this point of view, the project should consider not only the consent of the researcher but also the consent of the holder of IP rights on the data as necessary for data input into the Cloud. It should also consider the legitimate interest of the researcher and/or of the IP right holder in keeping the data secret for a limited time. Moreover, the project should better clarify who could have free access to the data stored in the new Cloud, and should find a good relationship with the existing channels of diffusion of scientific works, such as reviews, websites, etc.
<i>Chapter Twenty</i> : Hybrid Control Protocols for Consensus, Parallel Formations, and Collision Avoidance

20.1 IntroductionIn this chapter, we build on the results of Chapter 19 to develop a hybrid control framework to address fast consensus-seeking problems as well as parallel formation and collision avoidance problems for multiagent dynamical systems. Specifically, we present hybrid distributed controller architectures for multiagent coordination to improve the transient performance of coordination tasks. The proposed controller architectures are predicated on the recently developed hybrid control framework for lossless dynamical systems [127], resulting in hybrid consensus architectures involving the exchange of information between agents.
Chapter 5: Constrained Polynomial Optimization

This chapter discusses polynomial optimization with constraints. The Moment-SOS hierarchy is a typical approach for solving constrained polynomial optimization. We present basic results on its asymptotic and finite convergence, extraction of optimizers, optimality conditions, and related topics.
Layanan Bimbingan Konseling Kelompok dalam Meningkatkan Minat Membaca Siswa

According to UNESCO data, the reading interest of the Indonesian people is very concerning, only 0.001%. This means that out of 1,000 Indonesians, only 1 person is an avid reader. This research method is a qualitative descriptive research type, and uses data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Before carrying out counseling guidance groups of students have a low interest in reading. From the results of group counseling guidance that has been implemented, it can be concluded that interest in reading can be increased if there is a supportive environment and adequate facilities to change the behavior of interest in reading, especially for elementary school children where children will prefer to form a play group while learning together.
Integrating Issue Management Systems of Independently Developed Software Components

Abstract Modern component-based architectural styles, e.g., microservices, enable developing the components independently from each other. However, this independence can result in problems when it comes to managing issues, such as bugs, as developer teams can freely choose their technology stacks, such as issue management systems (IMSs), e.g., Jira, GitHub, or Redmine. In the case of a microservice architecture, if an issue of a downstream microservice depends on an issue of an upstream microservice, this must be both identified and communicated, and the downstream service’s issues should link to its causing issue. However, agile project management today requires efficient communication, which is why more and more teams are communicating through comments in the issues themselves. Unfortunately, IMSs are not integrated with each other, thus, semantically linking these issues is not supported, and identifying such issue dependencies from different IMSs is time-consuming and requires manual searching in multiple IMS technologies. This results in many context switches and prevents developers from being focused and getting things done. Therefore, in this paper, we present a concept for seamlessly integrating different IMS technologies into each other and providing a better architectural context. The concept is based on augmenting the websites of issue management systems through a browser extension. We validate the approach with a prototypical implementation for the Chrome browser. For evaluation, we conducted expert interviews, which approved that the presented approach provides significant advantages for managing issues of agile microservice architectures.
Multi-Objective PSO with Variable Number of Dimensions for Space Robot Path Optimization

This paper aims to solve the space robot pathfinding problem, formulated as a multi-objective (MO) optimization problem with a variable number of dimensions (VND). This formulation enables the search and comparison of potential solutions with different model complexities within a single optimization run. A novel VND MO algorithm based on the well-known particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced and thoroughly described in this paper. The novel VNDMOPSO algorithm is validated on a set of 21 benchmark problems with different dimensionality settings and compared with two other state-of-the-art VND MO algorithms. Then, it is applied to solve five different instances of the space robot pathfinding problem formulated as a VND MO problem where two objectives are considered: (1) the minimal distance of the selected path, and (2) the minimal energy cost (expressed as the number of turning points). VNDMOPSO shows at least comparable or better convergence on the benchmark problems and significantly better convergence properties on the VND pathfinding problems compared with other VND MO algorithms.
Properties of Scattering Fields from Gaussian Beam Incident on Rough Cylinders

At present, most researchers focus on plane wave incident on targets, but in practical applications, most of the beams are Gaussian beam. We study the scattering fields of Gaussian beam incident on rough cylinders. Coherent and incoherent scattering coefficients are obtained based on the angular spectrum expansion and physical optics approximation, and the effects of cylinder roughness, beam radius, cylinder radius and angle of incidence on scattering coefficients are analyzed. The results show that, for a constant wavelength, when the root mean square height is greater than or equal to 1/5 of the wavelength, the coherent scattering coefficient curve undergoes a change in its distribution, with the peak transforming into a trough. Furthermore, when the root mean square height is greater than or equal to 1/3 of the wavelength, the incoherent scattering coefficient experiences a decline as the root mean square height increases. The correlation length only affects the incoherent scattering coefficient. Both the coherent and incoherent scattering coefficients decrease with the increase in the incident angle. Finally, when the roughness and incident angle are constant, with the increase in the ratio of the cylinder radius to the beam waist radius, the scattered light field is more concentrated. Our results provide the theoretical basis for the measurement of the cylindrical scattering field.
Mining SQL Problem Solving Patterns using Advanced Sequence Processing Algorithms

SQL is a crucial language for managing relational database systems, and is an essential skill for individuals in roles such as researchers, developers, and business professionals who work with databases. However, learning SQL can be a challenge, presenting an opportunity to study the various methods students use to arrive at semantically equivalent SQL queries. In this study, we examined students' SQL submissions to homework assignments in the Database Systems course offered to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign during the Fall 2022 semester. Our goal was to understand how students arrive at SQL solutions and overcome challenges in the learning process by building on prior research on line chart visualizations that instructors can use to increase visibility on students who are struggling. However, a major limitation of this approach was the difficulty for instructors to sift through a large number of visuals representing each student's performance on a SQL problem and generate action items at scale, especially when dealing with enrollments of over 700 students. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel technique to generate textual representations of the student submission sequence using global sequence alignment scores and regular expression algorithms to further compact these submission sequences. This allows instructors to gain insights quickly, on an aggregate level, and in an automated manner, enabling them to identify students who may be struggling with SQL based on their submission sequence characteristics and take appropriate action to improve database education. Our study discovered common textual submission patterns and pattern elements, and we present our recommendations to instructors to improve database education based on these findings.
Philosophical Conversations about Music in Simple Language. Pythagoras: the Divine Number and World Musical Harmony

The article is written on the basis of a conversation on the philosophy of music by Professor G.G. Kolomiets, author of the book Value of music: philosophical aspect, with a musician from France, Dmitry Rasul-Kareev, Clarinet solo of Orchestra de la Suisse Romande. The dialogue gives a detailed and simple understanding of the philosophical view of music on the example of the ancient philosopher Pythagoras. His cosmological teaching saw the kinship of music, mathematics and philosophy and stated that the divine perception of the world is contained in the divine Number permeating the entire cosmos and our life. Music is made of numerical proportions and acts as a substance that exists even without a person, yet this unchanging principle of divine harmony, can be felt, experienced and expressed in musical art. Cosmologists believed there is a comprehensive law, according to which objects obey the divine mind, the great Rhythm. Music seemed to be the embodiment of the rhythm of the universe and harmony. The essence of the harmony of the spheres is that the cosmos is a harmoniously arranged and musical-sounding body. The movement of the starry sky creates the music of the cosmic spheres, which is refracted when playing musical instruments, and this lends itself to precise mathematical calculations. The intervals between the cosmic spheres are mathematically correlated with each other like the intervals of tones in music. The Pythagorean understanding of the numerical harmony of the structure of the universe largely determined the path of development of music theory, forming the main musical categories: fret, rhythm, interval, modulation and others. The modern philosophy of music deepens the Pythagorean ideas of harmony of spheres, putting forward the principles of functionality and processivity as properties of music, and allows us to talk about the law of cyclicity on a global scale. For example, following Pythagoras, music outside of the actual musical art is interpreted as a reflection of the vibrations of a complex communicative system: man-society-nature-cosmos.
Continual Pre-Training of Language Models for Concept Prerequisite Learning with Graph Neural Networks

Prerequisite chains are crucial to acquiring new knowledge efficiently. Many studies have been devoted to automatically identifying the prerequisite relationships between concepts from educational data. Though effective to some extent, these methods have neglected two key factors: most works have failed to utilize domain-related knowledge to enhance pre-trained language models, thus making the textual representation of concepts less effective; they also ignore the fusion of semantic information and structural information formed by existing prerequisites. We propose a two-stage concept prerequisite learning model (TCPL), to integrate the above factors. In the first stage, we designed two continual pre-training tasks for domain-adaptive and task-specific enhancement, to obtain better textual representation. In the second stage, to leverage the complementary effects of the semantic and structural information, we optimized the encoder of the resource–concept graph and the pre-trained language model simultaneously, with hinge loss as an auxiliary training objective. Extensive experiments conducted on three public datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Our proposed model improved by 7.9%, 6.7%, 5.6%, and 8.4% on ACC, F1, AP, and AUC on average, compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Visualizing landmark-based face morphing traces on digital images

This paper focuses on an identity sharing scheme known as face image morphing or simply morphing. Morphing is the process of creating a composite face image, a morph, by digitally manipulating face images of different individuals, usually two. Under certain circumstances, the composite image looks like both contributors and can be used by one of them (accomplice) to issue an ID document. The other contributor (criminal) can then use the ID document for illegal activities, which is a serious security vulnerability. So far, researchers have focused on automated morphing detection solutions. Our main contribution is the evaluation of the effectiveness and limitations of two image forensics methods in visualizing morphing related traces in digital images. Visualization of morphing traces is important as it can be used as hard evidence in forensic context (i.e., court cases) and lead to the development of morphing algorithm specific feature extraction strategies for automated detection. To evaluate the two methods, we created morphs using two state-of-the-art morphing algorithms, complying with the face image requirements of three currently existing online passport application processes. We found that complementary use of the visualization methods can reveal morphing related traces. We also show how some application process-specific requirements affect visualization results by testing three likely morphing attack scenarios with varied image processing parameters and propose application process amendments that would make forensic image analysis more reliable.
Uranium-Bearing Layers of Sandstone Type Uranium Deposits Identification and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in the Northern Ordos Basin, North-Central China

Sandstone type uranium is the most valuable and has the most potential for mining among the known uranium deposits. In the process of forming, the hydrolytic migration and enrichment of uranium require special basin sedimentary environment and tectonic background. Therefore, the mineralization process of sandstone type uranium deposits has certain layering characteristics and distribution rules in the underground vertical depth space. It is important to mine the spatial distribution characteristics of vertical uranium-bearing layers, and thus, reconstruct the three-dimensions of uranium orebodies. In this paper, according to the metallogenic law and distribution characteristics of sandstone type uranium in the underground vertical space, a nonlinear uranium-bearing layers identification (NULI) method of sandstone type uranium is proposed by using different types, resolutions and scales of borehole data. Then, the depth of uranium mineralization for the Daying uranium deposit within northern Ordos Basin is identified accurately and the spatial distribution characteristics of the uranium-bearing layer on the exploration line are obtained. Finally, the occurrence mode of the underground uranium orebodies are presented by using three-dimensional reconstruction analysis. It provides a basis for the prediction, exploration and mining of sandstone type uranium deposits within the Ordos Basin.
Three-Dimensional Point Cloud-Filtering Method Based on Image Segmentation and Absolute Phase Recovery

In three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement based on fringe projection, various factors can degrade the quality of the point cloud. Existing point cloud filtering methods involve analyzing the geometric relationship between 3D space and point cloud, which poses challenges such as complex calculation and low efficiency. To improve the accuracy and speed of point cloud filtering, this paper proposes a new point cloud filtering method based on image segmentation and the absolute phase for the 3D imaging obtained by fringe projection. Firstly, a two-dimensional (2D) point cloud mapping image is established based on the 3D point cloud obtained from fringe projection. Secondly, threshold segmentation and region growing methods are used to segment the 2D point cloud mapping image, followed by recording and removal of the segmented noise region. Using the relationship between the noise point cloud and the absolute phase noise point in fringe projection, a reference noise-free point is established, and the absolute phase line segment is restored to obtain the absolute phase of the noise-free point. Finally, a new 2D point cloud mapping image is reconstructed in 3D space to obtain a point cloud with noise removed. Experimental results show that the point cloud denoising accuracy calculated by this method can reach up to 99.974%, and the running time is 0.954 s. The proposed method can effectively remove point cloud noise and avoid complex calculations in 3D space. This method can not only remove the noise of the 3D point cloud but also can restore the partly removed noise point cloud into a noise-free 3D point cloud, which can improve the accuracy of the 3D point cloud.