Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Optimism is All You Need: Model-Based Imitation Learning From Observation Alone

This paper studies Imitation Learning from Observations alone (ILFO) where the learner is presented with expert demonstrations that only consist of states encountered by an expert (without access to actions taken by the expert). We present a provably efficient model-based framework MobILE to solve the ILFO problem. MobILE involves carefully trading off exploration against imitation - this is achieved by integrating the idea of optimism in the face of uncertainty into the distribution matching imitation learning (IL) framework. We provide a unified analysis for MobILE, and demonstrate that MobILE enjoys strong performance guarantees for classes of MDP dynamics that satisfy certain well studied notions of complexity. We also show that the ILFO problem is strictly harder than the standard IL problem by reducing ILFO to a multi-armed bandit problem indicating that exploration is necessary for ILFO. We complement these theoretical results with experimental simulations on benchmark OpenAI Gym tasks that indicate the efficacy of MobILE.
Research on Biology Field Practice Teaching in Local Colleges

Field practice is an important part of college biology practice teaching. Students actively participate in biology field practice, which can significantly improve students’ ability to apply biological theories, and they can master the field work methods of biology and improve their ability to work independently. This paper first elaborates on the value of field biology practice, and then analyzes the main problems and points in the field biology teaching of our college in combination with the training objectives of local college biology talents.
Palaeoclimatological interpretation of loess-paleosol sequences using log-ratio transformation of granulometric and geochemical data; Czech Republic

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The loess-paleosol sequences (LPS) are an important source of proxy data documenting climatic fluctuations in the Quaternary. Understanding the relationship between the grain size distribution and the geochemistry is crucial for the reliable palaeoclimatological and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the LPS. For this purpose, the large granulometric (389 samples) and geochemical datasets (542 samples measured using EDXRF spectrometer) were acquired at four LPS in Moravia (eastern part of Czech Rep.). Czech loess represent an important part of the European loess belt, because they characterize region with alternating influence of the oceanic and continental macroclimate, modified by close contact to the front of both continental and alpine glaciation during glacial periods. Moreover, a very diverse geology is characteristic for the source area (the Bohemian Massif) of Czech loess. Therefore, distinguishing of provenance and transporting and post-deposition processes effects on the formation of the Czech LPS requires finding new approaches of statistical evaluation of datasets. Centered log-ratio (clr) transformation and scalar-on-function regression allow finding a relationship between the geochemical composition and the grain-size distribution of loess and soils. Centered log-ratio (clr) transformation was applied to the key elemental proxies of grain size, provenance and weathering and their spatial and stratigraphic distribution. Nearly all LPS samples are characteristic by bimodal grain-size distribution with the main modes corresponding to medium/coarse silt and clay fractions. The scalar-on-function regression shows that the grain-size control of the distribution of Al, Si, K, Ca, Fe, Rb, Sr and Zr is highly site-specific. The provenance signal is recorded especially in coarser-grained fractions transported for short distance. The content of the authigenic phyllosilicates in clay fraction, the alteration of feldspars and micas, low contents of K, and high values of Rb/Sr and Sr/Ca ratios reflect the intensity of weathering, which is highest in the weakly developed brown paleosols. The precipitation rates are suggested the most important microclimatic factor, which affect the intensity of loessification and pedogenic processes forming the Czech LPS.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA&amp;amp;#268;R) research project 19-017685.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Lessons learned from the study of 68 Cenozoic occurrences of subduction initiation

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;To address the question of the triggers and mechanisms involved in the process of subduction zones formation, we have explored all available clues attesting for subduction initiation (SI) during the Cenozoic. We have defined several stages starting from incipient-diffuse, incipient-localized, achieved to self-sustained subduction. We have also included prematurely extinct, i.e., aborted, subduction attempts in order to better understand the reasons for the stoppage of subduction process, and thence to specify the conditions of success. This comprehensive study led us to observe that new subductions regularly initiate at a mean rate of about once per million years. Two third of those initiated during the Cenozoic are still active. A majority initiated at the transition between an ocean and a continent, a plateau or a volcanic arc. Lithospheric forces are needed for SI with the help of mantle forces in one third of the cases. Multiple triggers, like a collision followed by a slab breakoff, are common. The stress at SI is compressional in most cases if not all and oriented oblique to the nascent plate boundary in more than half of the cases. The nascent plate boundary generally reactivates a former lithospheric fault, most often with a change in its kinematics (conversion of spreading center, normal or detachment fault or transform fault) or using the same kinematics when reactivating former subduction faults. There is no rule regarding the age of the subducting plate which varies from 0 to 140 Ma in the studied examples. In the same vein, the subducting plate is not necessarily older than the overriding plate. Both situations are equally observed.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
A STUDY OF PERCEPTIONS OF HOW TO ORGANIZE LOCAL GOVERNMENT MULTI-LATERAL CROSS-BOUNDARY COLLABORATION

This dissertation research is a study of subjectivity. That is, the purpose of this dissertation research is to better understand how South Korean local government officials perceive the current practice, future prospects, and potential avenues for development of multi-lateral cross-boundary collaboration among the governments that they work for. To this purpose, I first conduct literature review on cross-boundary intergovernmental organizations, both in the United States and in other countries. Then, I conduct literature review on regional intergovernmental organizations (RIGOs). The literature review is followed by a historical review of South Korea’s local autonomy and regionalism, and a systemic analysis of the current South Korean literature on regional governance. Based on the comprehensive review of the extant literature, I propose that the RIGO framework is exportable beyond the United States boundaries and I use the South Korean case to test this. Then, I provide a description of the methodology used in this study to conduct research and analysis: I first present research questions and hypotheses; describe how the concourse and the Q-set of this study are created as well as how the study participants are selected, and Q-sort administered; describe how the data analysis is conducted; and provide a list of the Q statements used for the study. I then report the findings: there are five factor groups, which are agenda-broadening, agenda-narrowing, membership-expanding, equality-promoting, and local-government-centric. I present an interpretation of the factors in relation to Miller and Nelles’ identification of RIGOs and also discuss consensus and disagreement that exist among the factor groups identified. Then, I evaluate the hypotheses of this research in relation to the factors elicited. Furthermore, based on the factor profiles, I evaluate the revealed perceptual and attitudinal similarities and differences among South Korean local government officials with regard to their experience and view on the current practice, future prospects, and potential avenues for development of the RIGOs in South Korea. Lastly, I conclude the research with a summary of the findings, the research implications, both theoretical and practical, and some limitations of this research and recommendations for future research agenda.
The Significance of Technology in Digitalising Malaysia Industries

Digitalisation enables a business to produce, adapt and innovate digital technologies and services to enhance wealth creation, productivity, and quality of life. Various latest technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), collaborative robots (cobots) is discussed. During the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), many corporates in Malaysia started to implement the technologies. BMW Malaysia has implemented automated image recognition. UOB Malaysia has launched Mighty Insights. Ernst & Young using Robotic Process Automation in their business operation. Symprio is using a chatbot design agency to assists in organizations design. Even though many corporates in Malaysia are accepting these new technologies but these new technologies had become the barriers for some small and medium enterprise in Malaysia to move forwards. Challenges to implementing technologies are identified and discussed in this study.
Nonsense Data and the Anarchive: Memory in Real-Time

A cascade of audio-visual movement flickers across three juxtaposed screens. Rapid streams of fragmentary moving images are on display, each frame displayed just long enough for the audience to identify them (as Hollywood blockbusters, pornography, documentary footage, etc.). What is shown are files being transferred via The Pirate Bay, a peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing platform, from […]
Armed with Data, Law Enforcement Agencies Should Implement Compstat to Reduce Crime

Over the last twenty-five years, there have been powerful movements in the evolution of policing in the United States. Some of these policing evolutions have aided agencies with their mission of reducing crime and the fear of crime. Whether it was Compstat, community oriented policing, problem oriented policing or intelligence led policing, powerful policing shifts have evolved law enforcement. Despite their importance, there is little known about how to properly implement these programs in a police organization. This paper will focus on what Compstat is, will explain what it is not, as well as discuss the key elements needed to be implemented for success. This paper will highlight how Compstat is an innovative and rational crime control program, but also discuss past failures by agencies who implemented Compstat too quickly without fully understanding its meaning and foundation. In order for law enforcement agencies to evolve their crime fighting approach, they need to take advantage of tools or strategies available in the fight against crime. The emergence of Compstat was one of the most innovative strategies that aids law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime while also holding personnel accountable for any crime changes in their community. It is every law enforcement agency’s duty to implement any program, strategy or service that’s primary purpose is crime reduction. Compstat is an important administrative innovation in policing that holds mid-level managers accountable for controlling crime rates. Armed with data, law enforcement agencies should implement Compstat to reduce crime and hold staff accountable.
Cross – Platform Development for an Online Food Delivery Application

Nowadays, there are various mobile operating system are available in the market that user uses daily.All Operating System having so many apps like system apps or installed apps and each app havingtheir own features. Different platform having different apps and sometime different platform havingsame app. To make an application we require some programming language for different platform.Like if we want to make an application for Android then we have to use Java and if we want to makean application for iOS then we have to use Swift or C# and if we want to make an application forDesktop then we have to use C++ So in that case the same app is developed by using differentprogramming language for different platform. So, developer needs to spend more time, energy andcost to make an app. Though In today’s life everyone is busy and wants to save their time as much aspossible. To overcome these problems, we have to use cross platform application development.Cross platform application development is very useful because developer needs to write only singlelanguage to make an app that can easily be compiled to multiple platforms.There are many cross - platform framework is available in the market but the Flutter frameworkconsidered the best one. In this paper we are going to build an application named as Online FoodDelivery App where the whole application is develop using Flutter Framework which uses Dart 2programming language. The UI part is done with Flutter and backend part is done by using Firebase.With the help of these technologies, we are going to make an application with single codebase fordifferent platform like Android, iOS, Desktop, Web Server.We use these technologies because it is an open source and its performance is very smooth and fast.With Flutter the UI that made is very interactive and it is different from other technology. Thus, thetime and cost of developers will be reduced.
시조의 정체성과 현대시조가 나아갈 길

Sijos is a traditional Korean poem. The purpose of this article is to clarify the differences between ancient Korean sijos and modern Korean ones, and between modern Korean sijos and free verses, and seek the direction for modern Korean sijos to coexist with free verses while finding the way for modern Korean sijos to go. The results of the foregoing efforts are summarized as follows. First, there exists a fundamental difference in the formats of presentation between ancient Korean sijos and modern Korean ones. Whereas ancient Korean sijos are implemented in the musical structure of song chang or sijo chang, modern Korean sijos are implemented based on the inner order of language regardless of music. Second, the two types of sijos are different in their forms. The most primary difference is in the principles of meters. Modern Korean sijos are given the a priori principle of meters termed three verses, six phrases, and 12 metres. On the contrary, free verses are given no principle whatsoever in advance and only the freedom according to the breath of the poet is given as ex post facto necessity. Third, ancient Korean sijos have ‘formal frames’, which are; completing the poetic concept with three verses that form syntax semantic links, composing each verse with four metres (syllable nodes), and creating a change for the transition of the poetic concept by making the first node of the last verse into three syllables and the second node into at least two syntactic words. Such ‘formal frames’ contain the beauty of a high level of modesty, the beauty of peaceful lengthiness, the beauty of stable balance, the beauty of temperate breakaway, and the beauty of flawless plainness and this is the identity of ancient Korean sijos. Since modern Korean sijos are a genre based on the ambilaterality of ‘the property of sijos’ and ‘modernity’, they have a task to contain ‘modernity’ in ‘the property of sijos’, which is three verses, six phrases, and 12 metres because they can secure the status and identity of modern Korean sijos only by doing so. Fourth, modern Korean sijos and free verses should not go toward postmodernism together, but should establish their directions to form a ‘complementary relationship’ so that they satisfy the poetic needs that cannot be fulfilled by each other. The roles of free verses and modern Korean sijos should be divided so that avant-garde, free, and abstruse emotional needs are satisfied by free verses and the needs for stable and tranquil order are satisfied by modern Korean sijos thereby satisfying each others needs for mutual coexistence. Fifth, the way for modern Korean sijos to go in the high-tech age is to make the refined and temperate ‘short sijo’ completed with three verses, six phrases, and 12 metres neatly escape from the triteness coming from the reckless freedom, being in distress, and weird destruction of meters of free verses. The short sijo, which is completed with three verses, six phrases, and 12 metres should be the alternative to heal the reckless morbid pathos of free verses with the neat and balanced ethos of sijos.
A Survey on importance of English skills for Academics and future growth of scholars

Nishanthi, R. (2018) In this paper, what is the importance of English language for researchers, Teachers and students to improve their communication around the world. Initial stage faced lot of struggles to learn English, but practicing more get the fluency and increase opportunities in global world. It can be useful for different purposes like education, Transportation, Travel, Business, Entertainment and many more. English is a international tongue, because of that everyone should practice and learn the Language by that we can grow up our personal and professional life's[1].Li, F., Ren, J., &amp; Zhao, H. (2016) Author conducted a survey on English writing skills and related problems to analyze the difficulties of students in writing skills.
Criteria for the formation of innovative mentality and spiritual and moral qualities of young people

The paper is devoted to fostering the innovative thinking of students in technical and scientific spheres. The research, aimed at finding the ways for fostering the students’ innovative thinking, incorporates the definition and analysis of innovative mentality, including its cognitive and instrumental components, and various characteristics such as creative, theoretical, social, constructive, transformative, and pragmatic ones, which constitute a complex structure of innovative thinking.
Chopy Easy / Aina Najwa Mohd Husainy … [et al.]

When technology is increasingly evolving, people have a relatively strong demand for food. Chopping board is one of the important cooking tools to prepare food with a perfect look. Chopping board was developed that not only preserves the role of slicing food from conventional chopping board, but also save the kitchen countertop or table from scratches. In addition, by using the chopping board, housewives or chefs can conveniently position the chopped food materials in drawers in conjunction with the storage and dispensing principles to eliminate the constraint of inadequate space or avoid separate food materials from mixing together in the same dish, whereas the auxiliary cooking configuration gives users flexibility in the process of using peeler. The typical chopping board has a basic structure and acts as a chopping board for food ingredients that are typically put in separate dishes and placed on the countertop in the kitchen. As modern kitchen room is small, when a number of dishes are put on the kitchen countertop, it is relatively uncomfortable. The innovation is a further enhancement of conventional chopping boards to improve the cooking environment and solve the problem of putting an enormous number of dishes in such a small area, enhancing the structure and restoring the faults of traditional chopping boards. It is a functional result of different functions that increases space usage with the innovative and creative nature to reduce the inconvenience in cooking. Therefore, the body of the chopping board have the interlayers. Interlayers are used according to customer specifications to change the storage space so that the chopped or peeled food products can be further sorted and placed in drawers. Food materials can be quickly taken from the cooking drawers. However, in the hustle and bustle of everyday life, the bland and inflexible use of cooking equipment invariably makes people feel restless about cooking. The multifunction and diversified mix is supposed to bring pleasure of cooking in life with the innovative nature of multi-purpose chopping boards.
The Use of Pop Up Book in Theme of Nature and Surrounding by Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Learning Model for Students of PAUD Aisyiyah of Aisyiyah Rawalo Branch

Learning is a series of activities involving information as well as planned and arranged environments to facilitate students in learning. The intended environment is not only where the learning takes place, but also the equipment, model, and equipment needed to convey information. Teachers need to prepare everything before teaching to maximize learning outcomes. The role of the teacher in the learning process is the problem for determining the outcome of a learning process. The use of media in the learning process also influences the outcome of learning in a learning process. The pop up book with its moving part or three-dimensional features could give a more interesting visual , initially with a moving picture when opened. Unfortunately the use of the media is still less varied at types and remains dull, by the fact that the factory-made media is still a common to happen. It becomes restriction for teacher’s creativity. The goal of this study is to boast the effectiveness and to rise the interest in using the pop up book made by teacher. The method used in this study is classroom action research. The result of this study derived from the study mentioned 26 children observed were divided into 81% children were developed according to expectation, while 19% of the children were started developing. For that reason, this study is classified into successful at the best grade. From the result it can be concluded that the use of pop up book media is very effective in improving the language development skill of the children.Keywords: The use of Media Pop Up Book, Learning Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) Model.
Analysis of flood insurance premium amount using Fuzzy Inference of Sugeno Method

espanolEl objetivo del estudio es investigar el analisis del monto de la prima del seguro contra inundaciones utilizando el metodo de inferencia difusa de Sugeno al considerar los criterios de ingreso comunitario, gasto comunitario y zona de inundacion. Como resultado, las primas pagadas por cada hogar son 9.688,65 IDR por mes para los residentes del distrito de Bojongsoang, y 10.256,27 IDR por mes para los residentes del distrito de Baleendah. En conclusion, tres criterios estan afectando la determinacion de la decision del valor de la prima, a saber, el ingreso promedio de la comunidad, sus gastos mensuales y el area de la zona de inundacion de la comunidad Bojongsoang y el distrito de Baleendah en el rio Citarum. EnglishThe study aims to investigate the analysis of flood insurance premium amount using the Fuzzy Inference of Sugeno Method by considering the criteria of community income, community expenditure, and flood zone. As a result, the premiums paid by each household are IDR 9,688.65 per month for residents of Bojongsoang District, and IDR 10,256.27 per month for residents of Baleendah District. In conclusion, three criteria are affecting the decision determination of premium value, namely the average income of the community, their expenditure monthly, and the flood zone area of community Bojongsoang and Baleendah District in Citarum River.