Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A Taxonomic Hierarchy of Blockchain Consensus Algorithms: An Evolutionary Phylogeny Approach

Countless endeavors have been undertaken to address the Byzantine Generals Problem, a generalization of the Two Generals Problem. The emergence of proof of work (PoW) for Bitcoin has led to various consensus algorithms diverging, and comparable existing consensus algorithms are being gradually utilized interchangeably, or only developed for each specific application domain. Our approach employs an evolutionary phylogeny method to classify blockchain consensus algorithms based on their historical development and current usage. To demonstrate the relatedness and lineage of distinct algorithms, as well as to support the recapitulation theory, which posits that the evolutionary history of its mainnets is mirrored in the development of an individual consensus algorithm, we present a taxonomy. We have created a comprehensive classification of past and present consensus algorithms that serves to organize this swift consensus algorithm evolution period. By recognizing similarities, we have compiled a list of different verified consensus algorithms and performed clustering on over 38 of these. Our new taxonomic tree presents five taxonomic ranks, including the evolutionary process and decision-making method, as a technique for analyzing correlation. Through the examination of the evolution and utilization of these algorithms, we have developed a systematic and hierarchical taxonomy that enables the grouping of consensus algorithms into distinct categories. The proposed method classifies various consensus algorithms according to taxonomic ranks and aims to reveal the direction of research on the application of blockchain consensus algorithms for each domain.
The Principal Management in Digital Literacy Empowerment of Elementary School Teachers

This study aims to describe the principal's management in empowering teachers' digital literacy in elementary schools. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects used in this study were principals of public elementary schools in Simo Boyolali, Indonesia. The total subjects who participated were eight principals. Data collection techniques are used in the interview, questionnaire, observation, and documentation studies. The discussion in the preliminary study, interview, and observation are to find out the problems of managing principals' digital literacy and digital literacy problems for teachers in online learning. The data analysis technique in this study uses Miles and Hubarman’ analysis techniques, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The data validation used source triangulation and technique triangulation. The results show that, first, the need for principals in digital literacy with the highest acquisition of ICT indicators in principal management is 57.53%; indicators for accessing information from the internet in the leadership process are 56.22%, and indicators for teacher support in using ICT are 54.87%. Second, the principle of empowering teachers' digital literacy requires steps: identifying, planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling. This research implies that digital literacy skills have an important impact on improving the professionalism of teachers, especially in the online learning process.
Research on LCS Word Segmentation Expansion and Optimization of Subsequence Solving Algorithm

As one of the most common and critical tasks in natural language processing (NLP), similarity calculation has a wide range of applications in fields such as censorship detection and information retrieval.In order to improve the accuracy of text similarity calculation, based on the in-depth analysis of traditional LCS algorithms, this paper proposes an extended LCS algorithm based on word separation and synonym matching.The algorithm combines the new achievements in natural language processing research, an d addresses the problems that LCS cannot screen the common means of plagiarism and nesting when used for text similarity comparison, as well as the high time complexity and weak performance of the backtracking algorithm used in solving the longest common subsequence, and realizes the matching of synonyms between sequences by calculating the similarity between words through synonym word forest on the basis of word separation.It achieves the screening of plagiarism and copying means such as synonym substitution to the original text.At the same time, the algorithm
Contribution of Augmented Reality in Teaching and Learning, in the Midst of COVID-19: Systematic Review

The state of emergency declared in many countries due to the pandemic led universities to consider the incursion of technological tools to give continuity to the teaching and learning process; therefore it is significant to explore results regarding the application of augmented reality (AR) in education. The objective of the research is to generate knowledge from the systematic review of the literature framed in the context of virtual teaching in the midst of COVID-19. A bibliographic review was carried out under a mixed approach, exploratory and descriptive level. The findings showed that the application of AR in learning is not exclusive to any engineering specialty, but, on the contrary, it is versatile and adapts to various curricular contents; Also, the way in which augmented reality is applied is more focused on the use of mobile augmented reality (mobile AR) technology with markerless activation. In addition, it was identified that the factors that were analysed to demonstrate the contribution of AR were: the effectiveness of learning, the predisposition to use AR and the motivation generated by AR. With which it can be concluded that AR in this context has managed to position itself as a learning resource that goes beyond a tool linked to a virtual classroom, since it allows the student to transcend towards immersion in environments with high contextual fidelity. Future research should address which factors influence the improvement of mobile AR activation sensitivity, in different contexts.
The influence of mother language on children's oral language ability in efforts to improve children's reading and writing ability in Pematang Serai village, Langkat district

Low levels of education and interest in reading are suspected to be the cause of the decline in the character values of the millennial generation. The absence of PAUD schools is one of the obstacles for the children of Pematang Serai Village to get to know preschool education. Preschool education is a golden opportunity for children to recognize letters and numbers. Another problem that occurs in the village of Pematang Serai is a weak insight into tourism development: many people from the village of Pematang Serai do not understand the positive impact of tourism on economic, social, natural, and cultural conservation for the welfare of society. This is inseparable from the academic abilities of the people of Pematang Serai Village which are still minimal so this research is expected to have an impact on the people of Pematang Serai Village, especially children who will become the next generation of the nation. Based on the description and results of data analysis, it was found that language changes in the oral examination of bilingual children when interacting or attending lessons in class, namely the change in the use of standard non-standard varieties or vice versa. The change from standard variety to non-standard variety occurs when interactions occur between children or between children and teachers who share the same mother tongue.
Evaluation Information System Success of the PPDB Information System in SMP Negeri 16 Samarinda using DeLone and McLean’s Model

Information System Success Analysis is a structured process of objects, with certain tools, with the aim of knowing whether the information system is successful or not in its application and getting the desired results from the object of research. In this study the data collection methods to be used were questionnaires, interviews, and literature study which were the theoretical foundations to be used. The model to be used is DeLone and McLean with SMP Negeri 16 Samarinda as a case study. With this research using the DeLone and McLean models, it aims to find out how successful the New Student Admissions (PPDB) information system is from the user's point of view, where the users are prospective students and the PPDB committee and whether the PPDB Online information system is very useful or not.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBANTUAN APLIKASI KODULAR UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI RESPON SISWA

Learning in post-pandemic schools is experiencing a transition where students are used to operating gadgets for learning while teachers are inexperienced in developing application-based media. In addition, students are also not used to solving AKM types of questions. Therefore, this study aims to describe the development of learning media using codular applications to identify student responses in solving AKM questions contained in the media. This study uses a 4D development model with a limited stage of disseminating development results. The test subjects of this study were junior high school students where the test data obtained was analyzed qualitatively from the response results after operating the media. The results of the research show that at the defining analysis stage it is done by distributing online questionnaires to teachers. The results of the questionnaire show that schools need learning media so that mathematics learning is integrated with technology. The learning media should be practical to learn and access anywhere and anytime. This resulted in the selection of learning media to be application-based and accessible through student gadgets. Next, at the design stage. Next, look for references about using Kodular applications and designing media. The results of the validation show that the media is feasible to be tested on students. Media trials as a development stage show a variety of responses. The results of identifying student responses based on questionnaires show that students like application-based learning media because they are easy to operate and practical to use for learning on various occasions. Students also stated that all navigation buttons function properly and the layout is consistent. The dissemination stage was carried out by training teachers in making application-based learning media and the result was that 2 teachers produced media.
Experimental metrology beyond the standard quantum limit for a wide resources range

Abstract Adopting quantum resources for parameter estimation discloses the possibility to realize quantum sensors operating at a sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit. Such an approach promises to reach the fundamental Heisenberg scaling as a function of the employed resources N in the estimation process. Although previous experiments demonstrated precision scaling approaching Heisenberg-limited performances, reaching such a regime for a wide range of N remains hard to accomplish. Here, we show a method that suitably allocates the available resources permitting them to reach the same power law of Heisenberg scaling without any prior information on the parameter. We demonstrate experimentally such an advantage in measuring a rotation angle. We quantitatively verify sub-standard quantum limit performances for a considerable range of N (O(30,000)) by using single-photon states with high-order orbital angular momentum, achieving an error reduction, in terms of the obtained variance, &gt;10 dB below the standard quantum limit. Such results can be applied to different scenarios, opening the way to the optimization of resources in quantum sensing.
A Cross-Scenario Data Set Applying to Thai and Lao Language Processing

The purpose of this study was to create a cross-scenario data set for applying to Thai and Lao language processing. Our method involved 113 people, and a questionnaire was given to each person to collect the data. The people were asked to infer the meaning of ten Lao words in the Thai language. The data were analyzed by employing the framework of Bloomfield (1933), Benson (1985), Johnson (1987), Sinclair (1991), Baker (1992) and Miller (1998). They stated that the schema is the concept of a word’s meaning in a person’s mind. This derives from the individual personal experience. The results showed that a cross-scenario data set can be created from these Lao-to-Thai inferences. Each scenario consists of profuse lexical features that are consistent with words in Thai and Lao language. This study will be beneficial for language-processing developers as well as linguists in the future.
Students’ Self-Regulated Strategies in Approaching Second Language Writing

The requirements writers need to succeed in second language writing are demanding. Studies in this field are mostly on how second language writers could overcome writing hurdles, including writing and self-regulated strategies. Through previous literature, thematic data analyses, and cross-tabulation, this study aimed to inspect participants' writing strategy use and their perception of how these strategies affect their writing. These results showed that the participants expressed low self-efficacy based on their preference to use non-self-regulated than self-regulated strategies. The analysis also indicated a need for second language writers to write accurately due to writing anxiety. Additionally, the findings showed the need for self-regulated strategy-based instruction for second language writing.
Heavy metals distribution and mineralogy of saprolite Of southeastern soils developed nigeria on coastal plain sands in southeastern nigeria

The distribution of heavy metals as well as minerals in the fine sand and clay fractions in saprolite derived from coastal plain sands in Southeastern Nigeria were investigated. Heavy metal levels were generally low, when compared to existing permissible standard limits. Ranges for Iron, Manganese, Copper and Zinc were 400-1750 mgkg-1, 51.75-223.75mgkg-1, 12.01-92.75 mgkg-1 and 55-122.1mgkg-1 respectively. Chromium ranged from 1.15-2.53mgkg", Nickel and lead ranged from 0.02-0.08mgkg and0.02-0.25 mgkg-1 respectively. Mineralogical results from the XRD revealed the dominance of quartz, followed by kaolinite with occasional occurrence of illite and wiserite. Trace amounts of Al-Si-Oxide(0.8%) was also found in the fine sand fraction at 18.2-18.9m depth at Uyoafaha. Infrared spectroscopy of the clay fraction also revealed the presence of quartz, kaolinite and lite as well as gibbsite and halloysite.
Home Related Factors and its Influence on learning Among Students in the Awutu-Senya and Effutu Educational Districts

The state of the home environment influences the development and learning of every child in diverse ways. This study sought to investigate how home related factors such as learning resources like television, radio set among others influence students’ success in schools. A cross sectional survey and multi-site case study designs were adopted in carrying out this study. The population of the study was made up of teachers, students and parents. A sample size of 520 was used. The sample was selected by using purposive, quota, convenient and random sampling techniques. The data collection instruments were questionnaire, semi-structured interview schedules and focus group discussions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in presenting the data. The study found that the learning environment provided by parents at home determines the academic achievements of students. The study revealed that some students did not have basic things such as tables, chairs and a place to study at home. Some students indicated that the learning facilities at home were provided by both parents. Further findings indicated that some students were over-burdened with household chores which adversely affected their learning at home. When the hypothesis was tested, the statistics revealed that the correlation was statistically significant (p&lt;.001). The researchers recommend that parents should create an enabling learning environment at home to enhance students’ success level in schools. Keywords: Home related factors, television, radio set, learning environment, learning facilities, household chores DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-6-07 Publication date: February 28 th 2023
MalHate : Hate Speech Detection in Malayalam Regional Language

Hate speech is a deceptive problem on social media and its impact on society is quite prominent and striking. As part of regulatory measures, analysis on them has been active research in the past recent years. Social media is a tool on the common man’s hand hence the use of native language is quite often. Thus we find utmost importance to be given to regional language analysis as well. There are different approaches proposed by researchers from time to time for Hate Speech analysis. In this research, we are focusing on a particular regional language, Malayalam for Vernacular Hate Speech Detection. We have analysed using the deep learning techniques and achieved the best F1 score 0.85 for pure malayalam dataset.
Analog Neural Network Model based on Logarithmic Four-Quadrant Multipliers

Models for artificial intelligence, machine learning, and neural networks are implemented ondigital computers with a von Neumann architecture. Few studies have considered analog neuralnetworks. In our previous study, we used multipliers for representing connecting weights in aneural network. The multipliers calculate the product of input signals and their correspondingconnecting weights. However, their operating range is limited by semiconductor characteristics.The input and output ranges for networks that use these multipliers are thus limited. Furthermore,the circuit operation becomes unstable. Here, we propose a logarithmic four-quadrant multiplierfor representing connecting weights. Experiments show that this multiplier exhibits stable operationover a wide range. A model that uses only analog electronic circuits is presented. Itslearning time is quite short compared to that for models implemented on a digital computer. Weincreased the number of units and network layers. We suggest the possibility of a hardware implementationof a deep learning model.
More than a Decade Later: Library Web Usability Practices at ARL Academic Libraries in 2007 and 2020

This study compares library web usability practices in 2007 and 2020 at academic libraries that are institutional members of the Association of Research Libraries.The authors performed chi-square and t-tests to determine whether there were differences in establishing policies/standards/guidelines (PSGs), conducting usability tests, and providing resources between samples of libraries from both years.There was no statistically significant difference between the number of libraries with and without PSGs in both samples.In 2020, the level of perceived importance of usability testing significantly decreased, and the resources needed for web usability initiatives doubled.The authors suggest that academic and research libraries foster a culture of web usability to actualize and optimize usability endeavors.
Implementing RSA algorithm for network security using dual prime secure protocol in crypt analysis

Cryptography is the most important approach for secure communication. Demonstrating security is well experimented with RSA algorithm. RSA algorithm is used to monitor hackers and to change transpositions. In the original RSA crypto mechanism, the user uses the RSA (DPSP) algorithmic program and generates dual prime pairs for the encrypted messages that are sorted priority-wise, translate and rotate the intractable algorithm to obtain essential security enhancement. This methodology reduces a danger of man-in-middle attacks. RSA (DPSP) algorithm is mainly applied for distributing the data with different environment. In securing RSA (DPSP) for secure file transmission, there are several cases wherever we would like secure file transmission to avoid any kind of attack from intruders to process the location with approachable positions to represent with proper identifications of a system. In RSA (DPSP) algorithm, the most important key representation is symmetrical random key of crypto mechanism.
THE USE OF MOBILE LEARNING TO ENHANCE LEARNING INNOVATION PASCA PANDEMIC COVID-19

This study aims to identify the characteristics, objectives, benefits, advantages and limitations of mobile learning, analyzing opportunities and challenges the use of mobile learning as a learning model during the Covid-19 pandemic as well describes the application of the use of mobile learning in learning in education base. This research is a literature study with a qualitative approach using descriptive-analytic analysis. The research results show that mobile learning as a subset of e-learning has many advantages in facilitating learning process without the limits of time, space and place. Although it has limitations, but mobile learning has a very good opportunity to be utilized on virtual learning during the covid-19 pandemic as an alternative to learning face to face. Tablets, smartphones and laptops can be used as supporting devices in the implementation of mobile learning. In order to be implemented optimally, teacher skills are needed in operating the device and designing teaching materials properly digitally based.
An Analysis of Students' Writing Anxiety in English Learning at Grade XII MIPA 3 of SMAN 6 Padang

This study aims to analysis of students’ writing anxiety in English learning at SMAN 6 Padang grade XII MIPA 3. This research is qualitative. The techniques of collecting data are Questionnaire and interview. The subject of this research was 36 students’ of XII MIPA 3. The purpose of this research is analyzed what factors cause students to be anxious about writing in English learning in grade XII MIPA 3 SMAN 6 Padang. The results of the data that have been obtained with the cognitive problems is the factors that most influence students’ anxiety in writing English especially in grade XII MIPA 3 at SMAN6 Padang, and from internal factors influencing students’ anxiety in writing English factor problem of word choice has the lowest score from internal factors in writing English classroom, it scores was 31.86%. And from external factors lowest score is lack of knowledge about writing stages, it score was 32.03%
The Syntax Analysis in Relative Clause Found in the Novel “The Wonderful Wizard of OZ”

The paper analyses syntax analysis in relative clause found in the novel “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz”. “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz” is a literary work of kid story by Lyman Frank Baum and the illustration was made by W.W. Denslow. Dorothy lived with her Aunt Em, Uncle Henry and her dog, Toto. Theory of relative clauses that was proposed by Quirk (1985), Sneddon (1996) and was supported by other theories. The theory used to analyze the syntax structure was the theory proposed by Brown and Miller. The method that was used to get the data was qualitative, library research. The data were taken from the novel entitled “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz”. This research study aims to: (i) analyze the syntax structure in the relative clause found in the novel entitled “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz”, (ii) analyze the types of relative clauses in the relative clauses found in the novel entitled “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz”.