Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A SURVEY ON HISTORY, PRESENT AND PERSPECTIVES OF DOCUMENT IMAGE ANALYSIS SYSTEMS

We live in the century of technology, where the enormous evolution of data and science has recently favored a strong interest in processing, transmitting, and storing information. If, in the past, only a human mind could extract meaningful information from image data, after decades of dedicated research, scientists have managed to build complex systems that can identify different areas, tables, and texts from scanned documents, all the obtained information being easily accessed and passed by one to another. Books, newspapers, maps, letters, drawings - all types of documents can be scanned and processed in order to become available in a digital format. In the digital world, the storage space is very small compared to physical documents, so these applications will replace millions of old paper volumes with a single memory disk and will be accessible at the same time for anyone using just Internet access and without having a risk of deterioration. Other problems, such as ecological issues, accessibility and flexibility constraints can be solved by the use of document image analysis systems. This article presents the methods and techniques used to process on-paper documents and convert them to electronic ones, starting from pixel level and getting to the level of the entire document. The main purpose of Document Image Analysis Systems is to recognize texts and graphical interpretations from images, extract, format and present their contained information accordingly to the people's needs. We will also try to provide solid ground for practitioners that implement systems from this category to enhance the unsupervised processing features in order to make physical documents easily available to the masses.
INTELLIGENT FEEDBACK SYSTEMS IN HIGHER EDUCATION – WHY AND HOW?

Universities tend to think that they know their students very well, but in real life conditions, many aspects are being left out of the consideration. This paper has set the main focus on the Information and Communication Technology based feedback systems for collection and analysis of student feedback who are mainly studying engineering sciences about everyday student life issues (such as study content, teachers, class schedule, satisfaction rates, environment, accessibility of resources and other). In the paper, authors propose a model of student feedback system that could intelligently address the gap between what student wants and thinks - what higher education institutions know about their students. Authors also review current offerings of the systems and addresses feedback as a part of quality assurance and demand driven University actions. With simple, but intelligent solution it would be possible to easily obtain and work with the information about neglected courses, personalized schedules, student voting, extracurricular activities, student research and more. Author also elaborates on perspective of social innovation that comes in a shape of new organizational form, where quality, decisions, and activities are bound to the continuous feedback that gets collected from the students. This would help Universities all across the globe to establish indisputable evidence for their actions. Challenge here lies within the responsibility of students to give correct, precise, honest and timely feedback. Findings of the paper are based on the literature review as well as five international expert discussions executed in the period of 2015-2017 in five different countries.
INTRODUCTION AND USE OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

The changing socio-economic situation in the modern world has led to the need to modernize the education, rethink theoretical approaches and the accumulated practice of educational institutions in the Republic of Tajikistan. The main direction of the strategic development of Tajikistan in modern conditions is comprehensive modernization, the key prerequisite of which is the presence of social actors with innovative potential and opportunities for its implementation. Creating a solid base for the successful development of modernization processes is impossible without the participation of the higher education system in this process. Modern information technologies are actively being introduced into the educational process in the Republic of Tajikistan. Educational institutions are equipped with a variety of network equipment and computer equipment, allowing them to integrate into the worldwide Internet. All this has changed the distance learning and made it really effective in the modern world. The proliferation of "fast Internet" made it possible to use audio and video broadcasting, audio and video conferencing, online conferences, webcasts, as well as online simulators and game managers that simulate learning processes that give basic management skills to both a small company and large. Today there is no need to prove that the twenty-first century, admittedly, is becoming the century of globalization and the erasure of borders, information and communication technologies and the Internet. Modern society is involved in the general historical process, called "informatization". Tajikistan is creating the prerequisites for the development of distance learning, creating bases for the development of multimedia lessons and video lessons, the opportunity for videoconferencing, a number of projects being implemented. Currently, already some higher educational and scientific institutions of the country are connected to the educational portal and the Internet, which allows introducing into the educational process methods of distance learning, a wide range of information and communication services for students. The Republic of Tajikistan has set itself the goal - to create the necessary opportunities and conditions for our children to grow up fully and harmoniously developed people with the most modern intellectual knowledge, people who fully meet the requirements of the XXI century in which they will live and work. Dr. Alla Aslitdinova Tajik National University Associate academician of the International Informatization Academy, European project bureau. Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Rudaki Avenue 17. aslitdinovaalla@mail.ru Daler Sharifi Tajik National University, Ph.D candidate, Department of International Relations. Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Rudaki Avenue 17. dalersharifi@gmail.com
INNOVATION OF TEACHING AND LEARNING PRACTICES THROUGH ONLINE COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS

Year by year, the interest for new technologies and how to bring them effectively in the classroom increased, even if we think from the teacher's perspective or from the students' perspective. The use of ICT in school partnerships is well supported by the European initiatives and programs, as Erasmus+ and eTwinning, and through political strategies as Education and Training 2020 initiative. The educational projects and activities that are implemented at European level are effective tools that schools can use in order to innovate practices, to successfully and actively involve students in their learning and to diversify the teaching practices in order to a meet the current need of leaners and to integrate new technologies in learning and teaching. During 2017, at European level, 5900 eTwinners declared that eTwinning had a significant impact on the development of individual teachers' skills and teaching practices, as well as on student's motivation and learning practices, confirming that eTwinning is an important tool to promote innovation in schools. European eTwinning projects have demonstrated during the last 12 years their pedagogical value through the innovation of teaching practices, encouraging group / partnership work and peer learning, the use of new information and communication technologies (ICT) to support the teaching process, involving students in teaching-learning-evaluation activities, diversification of learning activities by valorisation of projects in the formal curriculum, etc. The article explores the development of the eTwinning Action and its impact reported by teachers involved in eTwinning online school projects, trying to underline the added value of this type of projects in terms of innovation of educational practices and making learning more attractive.
DISTANCE LEARNING IN NMSTU UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ENGINEERING STUDENTS SATISFACTION ANALYSIS

The forced transition to learning with using online training technologies, which took place in the spring of 2020, generates a request for assessing the readiness of students and educational institutions in the higher education system to study in new conditions. The authors of the article describe the experience of a complete transition to a distance education format at Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University during the COVID-9 pandemic. The main issues that have arisen when organizing this form of training for engineering students are described. The authors also noted and characterized the positive and negative aspects of distance learning. The main goal of the study is to determine of NMSTU engineering students' attitude to the COVID-19 pandemic, the organization of distance learning in self-isolation, as well as the level of their digital literacy. A questionnaire, conducted among 786 first and second year engineering students became the research method. The analysis of the responses revealed, that students have good skills in working with modern technology, in the Internet, software, which contributes to quick adaptation to a new learning form. The vast majority of students have up-to-date information (obtained mainly from official sources) on the ways of spread and methods of preventing the spread of the new coronavirus infection. Most of the students are satisfied with the learning process in the distance mode; highly appreciate the educational content and its presentation by university teachers. Difficulties arising in the course of mastering educational programs in a new form are mainly associated with technical problems due to the high load on the university server. The conclusion is made about the possibility to use this form of education in the pandemic as a balanced alternative to traditional in-class education. Correctly selected course materials, based on the learning goals and objectives and the characteristics of the educational process in the online environment, provided the students with the educational process continuity, and the teachers - positive feedback.
Designing English Learning Website Based on Digital Literacy by Using Addie Model for English Club Extracurricular at SDN 045 Binalatung Tarakan

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This research aims to design learning media for the English Club extracurricular at SDN 045 Binalatung Tarakan using website WordPress. The research design was Research and Development (R&amp;amp;D) using EDDIE model. It consists of five stages (1) Analysis; (2) Design; (3) Development; (4) Implementation; and (5) Evaluation. The research instruments were questionnaires, interview, material expert validation questionnaire, media expert questionnaire (design), linguist validation questionnaire, media practicality test questionnaire, and student response questionnaire. The result of the study indicated that: 1) Expert validation obtained a total score of 34.00 which if presented as a percentage gets a score of 85% with the qualification “Eligible”; 2) Media experts obtained a total score of 57.00 with a percentage of 89.06% qualified as “Very Eligible”; 3) Linguist obtained a total score if 34.00 which if presented as a percentage, received a score of 85% with the qualification “Eligible”; and 4) Practitioner of learning English obtained a total score of 50.00 which if presented as a percentage, got a score of 83.33% with the qualification “Very Practical”. The student’s responses to this media after the trial was carried out on average showed a positive response with a percentage of 80% for each indicator. Thus, this Digital Literacy-based English Learning Website is appropriate to be used as medium for learning English in English Club extracurricular activities in Elementary Schools.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Validation Environment and Validation Planning

If you are interested in scientific articles in journals, you will often find titles like “Validation of …”. Here scientists have developed a method for the analysis of certain samples, checked it for suitability and publish their data. Basically, anyone, whether a university researcher or a GMP specialist, can check the properties of the method mentioned in Chap. 3 .
Study on the mineralization age of the Akenobe Sn-Cu-W polymetallic deposit in southwest Japan

The northern part of Hyogo Prefecture in the southwestern Japan is a unique area having a number of large deposits that had produced various metals of industrial importance. For instance, the Nakaze deposit had been known for its extremely high-grade gold ore. The Ikuno deposit had been one of the major silver mines in Japan. Among them, the Akenobe deposit produced large amounts of tin, copper, zinc, and tungsten, as well as indium which is critical for electronic devices. The mineralization age of the deposit is a key constraint to discuss the ore genesis of such a polymetallic mineralization zone constituting large deposits of industrially important metals. However, the age of the Akenobe deposit was estimated only from the related igneous rocks by K-Ar dating, whereas a direct age determination of the metal veins has not been conducted yet. Here, we aim to directly determine the mineralization age of the veins by rhenium (Re)-osmium (Os) dating method. To apply the Re-Os dating to the veins of Akenobe mine, it is necessary to figure out the distribution of Re and Os within the ore samples. Therefore, we conducted Re-Os mapping by a Laser Ablation (LA)-Multi-Collector (MC)-ICP-MS at Ocean Resources Research Center for Next Generation, Chiba Institute of Technology. This instrument can detect extremely-low-concentrations of Re and Os simultaneously by using multiple ion-counting detectors equipped with discrete dynode type secondary electron multipliers. In the presentation, we will report the results of the Re-Os mapping using LA-MC-ICP-MS and mineralogical observation of the Akenobe ore samples, and discuss implications for the mineralization age in the Akenobe deposit.
OBSPicker: A generalized transfer-learned OBS phase picker

Offshore earthquakes recorded by Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) are crucial to studying tectonic activities in the subduction zones and mid-ocean ridges. In recent years, the ever-advancing Machine Learning (ML)-based phase pickers have shown promise in land earthquake monitoring, but there are few available ML models to handle OBS data due mainly to the lack of labelled training sets and low signal-to-noise ratios. Though land ML-based phase pickers may roughly work for OBS data, they introduce a large number of false negatives and false positives, leading to numerous events being missing and fake.In this study, we create a tectonically inclusive OBS training data set and develop a generalized deep-learning OBS phase picker - OBSPicker using the EQTransformer (EQT; Mousavi et al., 2019) and the transfer learning approach. To create an inclusive OBS training data set, we collect earthquake&amp;#160;waveforms&amp;#160;from routine catalogues recorded at 11 OBS networks&amp;#160;worldwide&amp;#160;with different tectonic settings and geographic locations. Earthquakes are recorded in local and regional distances with diverse magnitudes (ML&amp;#160;0.0-5.8), source depths (0-250 km), and epicentral distances (0-3 deg). To label their phase picks, we adopt a sequence of processing steps including 1) initial phase arrival detection and picking by EQT, 2) identifying and discarding samples with multiple (unwanted) events using STA/LTA method, and 3) refining phase picks using the Generalized Phase Detection method (GPD, Ross et al., 2018), resulting in ~38,000 well-labelled earthquake samples. In addition, we also collect ~150,000 OBS noise samples from&amp;#160;the same&amp;#160;OBS networks for training augmentation instead of using the commonly adopted Gaussian noises. Those OBS noise samples are used to simulate low-magnitude earthquakes under different marine environments. Initial results show that our transfer-learned OBS phase picker outperforms the EQTransformer base model in both accuracy and precision, especially in presence of higher levels of noise.
Drilling the Ivrea-Verbano zonE project: DT-1b borehole geophysics

The ICDP Drilling the Ivrea-Verbano zonE project (DIVE), aims at unravelling long-standing fundamental questions on the nature of the continental lower crust, its lithological correlation with geophysical anomalies and the characteristics of the underlying physical and chemical rock properties. Borehole geophysics provides an excellent opportunity and is the method of choice to explore the origin of geophysical anomalies, observed within the Ivrea-Verbano Zone, and their link to lithologies of the lower crust across several spatial scales. The first borehole of the DIVE project DT-1b in Ornavasso, Val&amp;#8217;d Ossola (Italy), drilled into the Massone antiform, has been completed in December 2022 at a depth of 578.5 m. Geophysical borehole experiments comprising a suite of downhole logging and vertical seismic profiling (VSP) measurements have been conducted in two stages. A select set of first-look logs were collected to a depth of 315 m and a full suite at the end of drilling. The drilled rock types are metapelite, metapsammite, schist, gneiss, amphibolite, and, in places, migmatite and pegmatite. Several fractures are encountered within the drilled rock mass, exhibiting a NW-SE orientation and a variation of dip angles as identified by acoustic televiewer data. The acoustic televiewer data also show a couple of breakout zones, which may allow to constrain the current stress field orientation after carefully analyzing the impact of the topography. Preliminary results of the wireline logs suggest that they broadly correlate with the different rock types. Notably, the amphibolites as well as some of the more pelitic migmatites and gneiss exhibit locally high values of magnetic susceptibility of the order of 1000 10-6 SI. These values are confirmed by magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on drilled cores on-site with a self-built manual core scanner. Such high values have been reported in previous studies for amphibolites and mafic granulites in the Ivrea-Verbano zone and are most likely related to pyrrhotite and magnetite. Apart from the amphibolites, for most of the other rock types encountered, a weak correlation between magnetic susceptibility and the natural gamma radiation can be observed. The sonic P-wave velocities and preliminary P-wave velocity estimates of the VSP data are generally consistent. The average P-wave velocity estimate from the VSP is 5.3 km/s and slightly lower than the average estimate of 5.6 km/s obtained from the sonic logs. An integrated analysis of the complete set of the borehole geophysical data is currently undertaken to classify the rock mass with respect to their geophysical responses and to systematically delineate the underlying major factors of influence governing these responses.
A hybrid approach for declustering of earthquake catalogs

Usually, the earthquake catalog for a given region represents a collection of all detected and localized earthquakes and, thus, contains not only the main shocks, but also fore- and aftershocks. In order to perform an independent seismic event and seismic hazard analysis we require a catalog that, ideally, contains only mainshocks. Thus, the removal of dependent fore- and aftershocks from an earthquake catalogby declustering is a crucial step in seismic hazard analysis. Machine learning methods can potentially offer improvements in speed and accuracy in comparison to classical declustering approaches.Here, we propose a hybrid approach to identify the temporal clusters of earthquakes from the catalogs of California (USGS) and Japan (ISC). We combine unsupervised 1-D clustering algorithms with seismologically informed methods and machine learning techniques. We use epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) generated catalogs as well as classically declustered catalogs to benchmark the method.
Implementing the Krafla Magma Testbed (KMT): linking volcanology and geothermal research for future hazard and energy solutions

Driven by the need to understand magmatic systems, to improve volcano monitoring strategy, and to develop next-generation, high-enthalpy, geothermal energy, we introduce the Krafla Magma Testbed (KMT) &amp;#8211; located in Northeast Iceland. KMT aims to establish the first magma observatory &amp;#8211; an international, open access, scientific platform to advance ductile zone to magma research via drilling and novel sensor systems. This frontier undertaking will enable direct, in situ sampling, instrumentation and manipulation, and monitoring of magma and its interface with solid Earth&amp;#8217;s crust, vastly advancing models of high-temperature crustal processes.&amp;#160;This initiative is enabled by past geothermal drilling at Krafla volcano that was serendipitously intersected and thus determined the exact location of magma for the first time. This unprecedented experience, including safe control of the wells, provides the basis for KMT, which stands to transform modern volcanology and geothermic disciplines.&amp;#160;KMT will develop a long-term infrastructure (&gt;25 years) for the conduct of interdisciplinary scientific, engineering, technological, and educational activities. The Krafla volcano has the advantage of a long history of geological study, volcano monitoring, and drilling as well as supporting surface facilities combining to produce the safest and most efficient base from which to explore Earth beyond the solidus.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;KMT will be the place to develop (1) our science of hot and molten Earth; (2) new ways of understanding and monitoring volcanoes; (3) our ability to extract and exploit geothermal energy sources; and (4) new technology and materials that function in the most extreme conditions in planetary systems.&amp;#160;The value of potential gains in fundamental understanding of crustal processes is beyond our possibility to estimate. There is the prospect of an order of magnitude gain in geothermal energy productivity. The need to improve understanding of the source of catastrophic eruptions and to better forecast them is a compelling humanitarian one.
AI-based anomaly detection system for SAR data

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Anomaly detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is an important task with numerous applications, including damage assessment, oil spill detection, and land use classification. It is also a crucial pre-task for the detection and forecast of natural catastrophes (NatCat), as faulty data can lead to inaccurate predictions and potentially dangerous situations. Traditional methods for anomaly detection in SAR data often rely on manual inspection, which can be laborious and subjective. An AI-based approach to anomaly detection has the potential to quickly and automatically detect issues in SAR data, improving efficiency and accuracy. One advantage of using AI for anomaly detection is the ability to identify patterns and anomalies that may be difficult for humans to discern, including those that are subtle or not immediately apparent. In addition, an AI-based approach can be more objective and less prone to human bias compared to manual inspection. An AI-based anomaly detection system can also be highly scalable and adaptable, making it a flexible and valuable tool for anomaly detection in SAR images. We propose to present how an AI-based approach can be used to automatically detect different types of anomalies in SAR data to avoid faulty data being used in critical applications.&amp;amp;#160; Overall, an AI-based anomaly detection system has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of anomaly detection in this domain and could have a wide range of applications in other fields also.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;