IoT-based smart transportation system under real-time environment

This book chapter represents an overall idea of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart transportation system under real-time environment. IoT technology is growing very fast in recent years in the industry and business areas with lots of opportunities. IoT is used to connect between different objects or things in the real world to the internet. IoT is a new concept area, which is also known as a riskless, powerful and precise architectural infrastructure which is very much related to our daily life. IoT is continuously reducing cost and also power consumption. IoT is known as an emerging technological world where anyone or anything can be connected, interacted and communicated with each other anytime and anywhere in a perceptive way through different types of gadgets like smartphones and computers. In IoT, physical objects like actuators and sensors are wirelessly or physically connected to the internet. An enormous amount of data is produced by the network to the analytical devices to scrutinize it. IoT is known as an infrastructural environment where communication and computing system consistently embedded to achieve some specified targets. In the IoT, multiple physical objects of the real world associated with each other to collect and interchange the data. The application areas of IoT spread out at various segments, including transportation, health-care environments, home automation, agriculture, smart appliances and smart city. The IoT technology along with the Big Data framework is created a huge change in the transportation sector, especially in motorways. Nowadays, traffic congestion is a very serious problem throughout the world. Moreover, day by day the number of vehicles is also increased in a terrible way to create an inescapable traffic condition. After that, this disorganized and chaotic traffic situation is also responsible to increase the pollution level and wastage of natural resources because most of the vehicles keep their engine active at any traffic congestion. Apart from this, it is also seen that using the same lane for heavy and light vehicles, the number of accidents is also increased day by day. So those aforesaid issues are very much responsible to create terrible congestion on the road, which is the prime suspect for several crashes of vehicles and the violation of safety environment on road. The performance of most of the existing techniques is not good enough to provide the solution of the aforesaid problem because those techniques are itself very costly and always face various maintenance issues. So to overcome the aforesaid problems and to give more safety on the road, intelligent transportation system (ITS) or smart transportation system performs an active role to increase the efficiency of the transportation system on road. This smart transportation system is developed with the help of lots of sensors such as pressure sensors, proximity sensors, light sensors, humidity sensors, temperature sensors and wireless sensor network (WSN) such as Zigbee, Xbee and Wi-Fi. This book chapter presents an overview of the data acquisition (DAQ), data-processing and data-analysis technique, various work, existing trends, challenges and future scope of this smart transportation system.