Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Modified Snake Optimization Based Robust Steganography with Chaotic Encryption Scheme for Remote Sensing Imagery

High-resolution remote sensing images (RSI) have recently been broadly implemented in several domains like urban planning, agriculture, and forestry. A high-resolution RSI can illustrate the texture characteristics of ground details very clearly; however, it even provides new difficulties to registration like image information leakage, texture similarity, and image storage space. Steganography can be utilized to hide data for security and provide an identification mark. One of the techniques to conceal secret messages is steganography which is safe and tough to find through a naked eye. This paper presents a Modified Snake Optimization based Robust Steganography with Chaotic Encryption Scheme (MSORS-CES) for RSI. The presented MSORS-CES technique aims to obtain secure transmission of remote sensing images. Initially, the chaotic encryption technique is applied for the encryption of secret images. At the same time, the MSO algorithm is used for optimal pixel selection (OPS) process. As well, the encrypted secret image can be embedded into the chosen pixel values in cover image. At the receiver end, the extraction and image decryption processes were performed. The experimental validation of the MSORS-CES technique is examined on a set of remote sensing images and the results are well studied. The simulation results show the improved performance of the MSORS-CES technique over other models.
El método hipotético deductivo de Karl Popper en los estudiantes de la Educación Básica Regular en Perú

This essay aims to demonstrate that Karl Popper's falsificationist method favors the development of critical thinking in Regular Basic Education (RBE) students. One of its principles holds that absolute truth cannot be reached, since all knowledge has a temporary validity and that, by the logic of science, it can be improved with recent studies. Thus, the theory subject to refutation and corroboration is provisionally reformed until it is again reevaluated. This essay assumes that knowledge increases with the formulation of falsifiable hypotheses in the negative sense, and that hypotheses subject to skepticism, through questioning and criticism, stimulate student discussion. For the study of Popper's falsificationist method and its application in the teaching of Peruvian education, a specialized academic documentary base has been gathered to support the topic presented. &nbsp
A Systematization of a Research-based Reading Rssessment in Two Middle School Students

The main objective of the present study is to systematize an experience of a research-based&nbsp; reading assessment of two middle school students from a public school in Manhattan, New York during the Fall 2022. In order to select the assessment tests, I asumed the Science of Reading along with the Simple View of Reading perspectives. The tests applied addresed to assess students in three aspects: decoding, fluency, and encoding (spelling). Results showed that, in a nutshell, students are reading below their grade; nevertheless, the fact that they are Colombian inmigrants living one year in the U.S., may explain their results on the assessment tests. In the discussion section, I put into perspective the student’s assessments’ results with their context and personal background in order to have a broader understanding of their reading skills. The implication of this study is to acknowledge the necessity to use research-based assessment &nbsp;to make the best decision in order to improve student’s reading skills. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp
SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES AS THE BASIS OF THE PROFESSIONAL IMAGE OF THE FUTURE TEACHER

The article substantiates the importance of spiritual and moral values for the formation of the professional image of the future teacher, which provides the ability for independence, authentic value orientation, based on worldview reflections, experiences, and assessments. Spirituality is considered by us not as a static criterion for the development of certain characteristics of the future teacher’s personality and not as a self-sufficient basis for approaching higher teleological values, but as her ability to orient herself to higher spiritual and moral values in her life. Illumination of spirituality, as a unique manifestation of human existence, is revealed through its ontological structure. We took the body-soul-spirit triad as the basis of this structure. In this triad, the existence of a person is his existence as a spiritual personality. The logic of the formation of a professional image through the components of spiritual motives is analyzed, taking into account the priority of the spiritual principles of the subjects of the educational process, among which spiritual values are relevant. The level of formation of spiritual motivation among future teachers is characterized. Attention is focused on the fact that in the process of professionalization of the future teacher, spiritual needs acquire the status of personally significant norms. Aware of the significant importance of spirituality and morality in relationships, in interaction with others, in professional and personal growth, the future teacher will actively strive for constant spiritual self-knowledge and enrichment with spiritual knowledge, search for valuable information, organization and understanding of life experience. The opinion is proved that it is in the process of professional training that the future teacher masters, realizes and perceives the entire system of values, translates it into a system of principles and beliefs that guide him in his actions and behavior, is able to implement life and professional choices for which he is responsible.
GNN Based Extraction of Minimal Unsatisfiable Subsets

In Boolean Satisfiability (SAT), Minimal Unsatisfiable Subsets (MUSes) are unsatisfiable subsets of constraints that serve as explanations for the unsatisfiability which, as a result, have been used in various applications. Although various systematic algorithms for the extraction of MUSes have been proposed, few heuristic methods have been studied, as the process of designing efficient heuristics requires extensive experience and expertise. In this research, we propose the first trainable heuristic based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). We design a new network structure along with loss functions and learning strategies specifically tuned to learn the process of MUS extraction, which we implement in a model called GNN-MUS. Furthermore, we introduce a new algorithm called NeuroMUSX that uses GNN-MUS as a heuristic and combines it with other systematic search methods to make the extraction process more efficient. We conduct experiments to compare our proposed method with existing methods on the MUS Track of the 2011 SAT Competition. From the results, NeuroMUSX is shown to achieve significantly better performance across a wide range of problem instances. In addition, training NeuroMUSX on specific instances of a class improves the algorithm’s performance against other problems in the same class, highlighting the advantages of the learnable approach. Overall, these results underscore the potential of using simple GNN architectures to drastically improve the procedures for extracting minimal subsets.
What Do Counterfactuals Say About the World? Reconstructing Probabilistic Logic Programs from Answers to “What If?” Queries

A ProbLog program is a logic program with facts that only hold with a specified probability. Each ProbLog program gives rise to probability estimations for counterfactual statements of the form “A would be true, if we had forced B”. This contribution studies program equivalence with respect to this counterfactual reasoning in the sense of Judea Pearl. Our main result reveals that each well-written ProbLog program with non-trivial probabilities is uniquely determined by its associated counterfactual estimations. More precisely, we give a procedure to reconstruct such a probabilistic logic program from its counterfactual output. As counterfactuals are part of our everyday language, our result indicates that they may also be a good language to express domain knowledge or readable program specifications.
An Eclipse of Virtual Digital Currency in India: An Updated Review With Union Budget 2022-23

Digital money is a type of electronic tender that can be produced, saved and swapped. Cryptocurrencies are attracting to both expert and casual investors because to their high returns and diversification capabilities. Quick developments and expanded applications are the primary elements that have led cryptocurrency as an emerging asset for investment portfolios. Being a subset of digital currency, cryptocurrency customs crypto-graphical technology to drive a consensus on a certain value. The recent union budget (2022-23) was one of the most awaited budget for crypto investors. Their eyes were keenly looking for the favorable laws and regulation for investing in crypto. But, government did not show any positive golden step for promoting crypto even its regulations hung the neck of Indian as well as international investors with the high flat taxation i.e. 30% and 1% TDS. Government focused on digital rupee (₹) and start promoting it to be launched by 2023 backed by CBDC. Such steps of government of India depicting crypto currencies as unreliable source of investing. Indian government still believes crypto as a dormant volcano, which may explode any day, and no one is responsible for such explosion (impact of failure of crypto).
Soil Infiltration Mapping in the Eastern Part of Mijen Sub-District, Semarang City, Indonesia

The increase in population every year will encourage changes in land use from previously green open land to an infrastructure. Changes in land use can alter the condition of existing water infiltration areas. Those changes can cause the land to become impermeable and can increase the potential for surface runoff which can cause floods and landslides. Therefore, a research was carried out on the criticality level of water infiltration areas in the eastern part of Mijen Sub-district, Semarang City with the goal of knowing the criticality level of the water infiltration area and its distribution. This research was conducted by collecting primary data in the form of lithology and soil type by mapping and sampling directly in the field, as well as secondary data in the form of land use and slope which were then verified in the field and analyzed using ArcGIS software. The data collected then analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method by weighing each parameter and subparameter. The parameter used are soil type, land use, slope, and lithology, each of which is divided into several subparameter that will reflect land characteristics. Then the final score for each land characteristic can be calculated from the results of the final weighting of parameters and subparameters. From the final score obtained, all data is then overlaid and classified into several criticality level of water infiltration area to obtain a map of the criticality level of the water infiltration areas. The research area’s criticality level of the water infiltration area can be devided into six condition with it’s distribution, that is good (23,8%), naturally normal (19%), started to be critical (37,4%), slightly critical (6,6%), critical (8,5%), and very critical (4,6%). From the results of this research, it is hoped that it can be a base data and recommendations for maintaining and restoring the criticality of water infiltration areas in the eastern part of Mijen Sub-district.
Development of official statistics models for analysis of population sectoral data in Indragiri Hilir Regency

Indragiri Hilir Regency is one of the regencies located in Riau Province which has a population of 658,025 thousand in 2022. The population consists of several groups ranging from children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. Indragiri Hilir Regency has three regional public hospitals, namely the Puri Husada Tembilahan Hospital, the Tenku Sulung Pulau Kijang Hospital, and the Raja Musa Sungai Guntung Hospital. Each hospital has official statistics consisting of sectoral data according to the data owned by the hospital. This study aims to show and analyze the existing official statistics and create an official statistics model for analysis of population sectoral data in health analysis. The method used is explanatory method and descriptive statistical analysis method and descriptive statistical analysis. The results of this study show that every regional public hospital in Indragiri Hilir Regency has official statistics which consist of sectoral data owned by the agency, the official statistics model is the answer to become a reference in carrying out sectoral data analysis for policy making in the field of analysis health.
HOBBY AS A FACTOR MAKING STUDENT’S LIFE STRUCTURED

The research is of high current interest as it is important to know what students’ life is in order to see their values, interests and specifics of the way of life. The purpose of the research was to study how popular different kinds of extended activities and hobbies were popular among students. A questionnaire was developed in order to find out how often students went in for different kinds of extended activities and hobbies. The questionnaire survey was carried out in autumn and winter period after the students’ voluntary informed consent had been received. As a result of the survey one can see that a large number of students have hobbies and go in for extended activities. Most students study art and music. Just a slight share of students are keen on scientific and research activities, culture-mass work and technical creativity. This suggests the need for increasing students' interest in the above activities, promotion of science and volunteering, attrac-tion of more students to extracurricular activities. The results of the survey can be of interest to teachers of higher education institutions, pro-fessionals who arrange extracurricular activities for students, experts who develop educational pro-grams for extended activities and psychologists who deal with social and age-specific issues.
Conversion of Gujarati Alphabet to Gujarati Sign Language Using Synthetic Animation

The deaf people are using sign language for communication. Mostly information is available in written form or spoken language. As the deaf people cannot understand easily, avatars are useful to generate sign from text. Synthetic animation we can achieved through a notation system like HamNoSys, Stokoe, SignWriting, etc. The Hamburg notation system for sign languages (HamNoSys) is an alphabetical system for the primarily phonetic description of signs. However, there are no research on creation HamNoySys Notation for Gujarati Sign Language Alphabets. In this paper, avatar-based Guajarati dictionary has proposed for speech to text to Gujarati Sign Language System. This paper represents a creation of HamNoSys of Guajarati alphabets and convert them into HamNosys codes that codes will help to generate SiGML–XML code for performing the sign by Avatar.
Graphical-Based Password Authentication

Traditional alphanumeric passwords have various benefits over graphic-based password authentication, including better user experience, increased memorability, and stronger security against typical password assaults. The most recent gesture-based approaches for graphical password authentication that are image-based and hybrid are all thoroughly reviewed in this paper. We have collated the security and usability traits of each method and have evaluated its advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, in order to increase security and usability, we have suggested a brand-new graphical-based password authentication system that integrates image-based and gesture-based techniques. Our experimental findings have depicted that the suggested plan is workable and efficient. Overall, this study has incremented the knowledge of graphical-based password authentication and has offered useful information to researchers and industry professionals.
Restoration of Ancient Kannada Handwritten Palm Leaf Manuscripts with Modified Sauvola Method Using Integral Images

In the recent days, the research area of historical character recognition has got much attention toward ancient inscriptions, since they contain lots of unfolding knowledge in the field of science, literature, astronomy, medicine, etc. The materials used to write these inscriptions are paper, palm leaf, stone rocks, and temple walls, etc. These materials are now degrading in nature due to climatic conditions, ink bleeding, lack of attention, and unscientific storage. The purpose of this work is to digitization and restore medieval Kannada handwritten palm leaf scripts using a modified version of the Sauvola method and integral pictures. MSE, PSNR, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-measure are used to estimate performance, and the quality of the images is compared to those obtained manually by Epigraphists. The typical values for the mean squared error, the pseudo-stochastic noise ratio, the accuracy, the precision, the recall, and the F1-measure are 29.265, 76.828, 0.258, 0.085, 0.258, and 0.127. The better the picture quality, the higher the PSNR, the Accuracy, the Precision, and the F1-measure, and the lower the MSE and the Recall. The results are compared to those obtained by using the industry-standard methodologies of Sauvola and Niblack. The findings of the studies that compared several algorithms reveal that the proposed algorithm is superior than those that were considered as alternatives. The AMADI LONTARSET benchmark palm leaf dataset is also used to test the proposed method, demonstrating its comprehensiveness.
Ship Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery for Arbitrarily Oriented Object Detection

It is quite difficult to locate ships in satellite images. Because ships are dispersed across the sea and in large ports, identifying them requires the processing of images from various remote sensing systems. The ability to recognize potential pirate threats correctly is vital to the mission's success. As a result, improving ship identification accuracy in marine surveillance systems makes a significant contribution. We present a novel deep learning strategy based on the You Only Look Once v7 (YOLOv7) deep learning architecture as part of this research. Furthermore, rotation can be detected using the YOLO detection technique without the need for angle regression. To summarize, we offer a method for simultaneously recognizing numerous remote sensing photographs exploiting the strengths of our fully convolutional lightweight network. It outperformed other algorithms by a substantial margin on both the publicly accessible HRSC2016 dataset and our own private large-area remote sensing (LARS) image collection, and it did so at an unparalleled rate.
An Efficient Classification Method Using GLCM and Decision Tree Classifier

The treatment of lung cancer and related diseases is a major concern of medical science. Death due to lung cancer is seen as a leading cause and therefore early detection and treatment becomes a critical necessity. A commonly used technique of imaging to diagnose lung cancer is computed tomography (CT). In disease diagnosis, envisaging techniques play an important role. These methods help detect abnormal tissue-tumor patterns in targeted cancer cells. According to the World Health Organization, among all cancers, lung cancer accounts for around 14 percent. Paper contributes the different five stages as a proposed methodology. Firstly, database like normal lung and disease lung cancers images are collected. Median filter is used for pre-processing. Edges are preserves correctly by the median filter, so it is preferring, i.e., preservation of sharp features. In the third stage, segmentation on the target image is performed to ascertain and isolate the desired cancerous entity from the background. In stage four, features such as area, contraction, energy, entropy and homogeneity are mined using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). High demarcation precision and lower processing speed can be achieved by using GLCM. The fifth stage, these mined features are assigned to 5 different classifiers to classify lung cancer from normal lung. A decision tree (DT) classifier achieved highest accuracy for detection and lung cancer classification.
FORMATION OF INFORMATION-COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AS A SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM

In the article, based on the analysis of a number of studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists, the information and communication competence of primary grade pupils is defined as the integrated ability to use information and communication technologies in working with information sources, as well as the ability to communicate effectively in the process of solving personal and socially significant tasks, observing ethics and cyber security in the digital environment. The essence of the concept “information”, “communication”, “competence” is substantiated and defined. We define the concept of “information competence” as an integrated ability to collect, transform and process the necessary information, store and transmit it with the help of objects and information and communication technologies. Based on the selected concept of “communication”, “communication competence” is defined as the integrated ability of a person to establish and maintain contacts with other people. The components of information and communication competence of primary school students are characterized. We attribute the following components to them: information (the ability to effectively work with information sources, which involves searching, processing, analysis, evaluation and critical perception of information; formation of media literacy and perception of reliable information on the Internet), communication (the ability to interact and cooperate with the help of information-communication technologies, following the rules of network etiquette), technological (knowledge and ownership of digital devices and their individual components; ability to work with text and graphic editors, software tools for creating presentations, online services, applications, files and the Internet), activity-practical (ability to create and edit digital content; awareness of the importance copyright and its observance in the process of practical activity). The views of domestic and foreign scientists regarding the essence, content, ways of improving the formation of information and communication competence of primary grade pupils in the course of studying of the subject “Computer Science” course are summarized. The personal experience of the practical implementation of modern innovations in the primary education sector is presented.
A Preliminary Study on the Reform of the Teaching Content of Structural Optimization Design Course

In recent years, with the rapid development of engineering and technology, structural optimization design has played an increasingly important role in modern product design. However, the teaching content and methods of traditional structural optimization design courses are no longer able to meet the needs of the industry. Therefore, reforming the teaching content of structural optimization design courses to meet the needs of the new era for applied talents has become an important part of the teaching curriculum in management universities. This article first analyzes the problems and shortcomings of traditional structural optimization design courses, and then proposes directions and ideas for reforming the teaching content and methods based on the trends and new demands of modern structural optimization design. Finally, the article explores methods for teaching evaluation and course improvement, in order to provide guidance and reference for the teaching reform of structural optimization design courses and promote the better development of university talent for current and future industrial development.