Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The Role of Global Labels in Few-Shot Classification and How to Infer Them

Few-shot learning (FSL) is a central problem in meta-learning, where learners must quickly adapt to new tasks given limited training data. Surprisingly, recent works have outperformed meta-learning methods tailored to FSL by casting it as standard supervised learning to jointly classify all classes shared across tasks. However, this approach violates the standard FSL setting by requiring global labels shared across tasks, which are often unavailable in practice. In this paper, we show why solving FSL via standard classification is theoretically advantageous. This motivates us to propose Meta Label Learning (MeLa), a novel algorithm that infers global labels and obtains robust few-shot models via standard classification. Empirically, we demonstrate that MeLa outperforms meta-learning competitors and is comparable to the oracle setting where ground truth labels are given. We provide extensive ablation studies to highlight the key properties of the proposed strategy.
Klasifikasi Motif Citra Batik Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network Berdasarkan K-means Clustering

Batik has several motifs and patterns so it is necessary to identify certain objects in an image, one of which is the recognition of the image of Yogyakarta batik using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method which is already popular in the use of image data classification. The introduction of batik imagery aims to contribute to the digitization of batik image data and at the same time provide information on types of batik to the public. The batik image recognition process using CNN in this study combines the image segmentation process and the enhancement process with median filters and sharpening. The segmentation process carried out before CNN aims to help separate foreground objects from objects that are not needed in the background. The segmentation process that is commonly used is using K-means Clustering. Where K-means Clustering is used to group data in the same category. Furthermore, the enhancement process using the median filter and sharpening was carried out separately to compare the batik image classification process using CNN based on K-means Clustering from the median filter results and the sharpening results. The batik image classification process with CNN based on K-means Clustering on the median filter resulted in an accuracy value of 100%. Meanwhile, the batik image classification process with CNN based on K-means Clustering from the sharpening results resulted in an accuracy value of 80%.
Mathematical model of geolocation of a satellite communication station using one relay satellite

At present, multi-satellite geolocation systems based on the TDOA are actively used to localization of radio emission sources in satellite communication systems operating via relay satellites without on-board processing. In General, information about the location of the radio emission sources is contained in the difference of the inclined range from the multiple fixed points with known coordinates. Such points of space in the classical geolocation system are two or more relay satellites in geostationary orbit. It is not always possible to have two or more satellites retransmitting the same signal. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model for geolocation using a single relay satellite. Single-satellite geolocation is based on the use of Doppler, TDOA, or phase direction finding methods. With this approach, it is desirable that a single satellite has the ability to move in a controlled manner, either in altitude or at different speeds relative to its standing point. Moving the satellite along the equator in position and along the meridian in height allows you to calculate several orthogonal bases of estimates of the inclined range to the radio source. In this case, the determination of coordinates is based on the increment of the distance of the object's signal runs between the end points of each base. This provides the construction of position lines (hyperballs), the intersection of which is the source location. If the movement of the satellite along the equator and the meridian is performed with a change in speed, then geolocation is based on measurements of several orthogonal components of the Doppler frequency shift of the radio source signals. The base will be called two, four or more pairwise taken orbital positions of the satellite at points with fixed coordinates; S x y z1 1 1 1( , , ) S x y z2 2 2 2( , , ); S x y z2 2 2 2( , , ) S x y z3 3 3 3( , , ); etc. in all possible combinations. An arbitrary inclined base formed in the spacecraft orbit has an extension of Бп (x2  x1)2  (y2  y1)2  (z2  z1)2 . Differential range Дд = Дн2 – Дн1. To geolocate the M-object, you must: 1. Measure the difranges between M over two or more different shifted Дн bases at multiple satellite drift positions – Дд1, Дд2, ..., Дд4, etc. 2. Calculate the parameters al, bl, cl of each l-th hyperbolic surface of the section of the conic equations of the geometric location of the points of position M with the measured Дд1, Дд2, ..., Дд4 and the known Дн. Construct a common point of intersection of several such hyperbolic surfaces of the cross-section of the conic equations of the geometric location of the points of the position of the object M(x, y, z). The resulting vector of linear coordinates M(x, y, z) of the object must be converted from geocentric to geographical coordinates of the spherical coordinate system of the object M (longitude, latitude, Position-vector).
Symmetric 2-adic complexity of generalized cyclotomic sequences of order six with period p <sup>n</sup>

Abstract In this paper, the symmetric 2-adic complexity of generalized cyclotomic sequences of order six with period equals a power of an odd prime is studied. The estimate of symmetric 2-adic complexity of these sequences is obtained. It is shown that above sequences have high symmetric 2-adic complexity and the 2-adic complexity of this class of sequences is large enough to resist the attack of the rational approximation algorithm for feedback with carry shift registers.
The Role of FDI on Structural Transformation among Sub-Saharan African and EAP Countries Using a Panel Data Approach

In recent decades the activities of multinational corporations have increased across the globe substantially having a massive flows of foreign direct investment. This paper empirically examines the role of FDI on structural transformation among Sub-Saharan African and EAP Countries Using a Panel Data Approach. To achieve the objective the study took 31 years panel data . The study used descriptive analysis and empirical methods of analysis. The panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model with error correction models of Pooled Mean Group technique were employed after checking the possible assumptions of our economic series. The results of Im-Pesaran-Shin test confirms our economic series are stationary at level and first difference forms. Pedroni’s cointegration tests suggests the existence of co-integration between the variables. According to the descriptive analysis, on average structural transformation index (STI) is the highest for China (30.52%) followed by South Korea (25.86), while Ethiopia (4.85) is having the lowest. On other hand, the East Asian and Pacific (EAP) countries in the higher income category are performing better than Sub-Saharan African countries. In addition,Sub-Saharan Africa countries are by far having low level of FDI inflows as compared to EAP countries. Particularly, the FDI inflows for EAP countries in the higher income category is around USD 52 Billion, and while for low and middle income category SSA countries it accounts around USD 2.2 Billion and USD 85 million, respectively. More specifically, across countries in the panel the FDI inflow is the highest for China while on average Kenya is having the lowest FDI inflows. On the other hand, according to the ARDL model of Pooled Mean Group estimation technique in the long-run financial development indicator and FDI have positive impact on the structural transformation index of nations at 1percent level of significance for the full sample in the panel. Moreover, pooled mean group regression result among the Sub-Saharan African and EAP countries FDI has a significant but having different sign for the two group in predicting structural transformation. Particularly, for EAP countries FDI has a negative effect in the long run and a positive effect in the short-run on structural transformation index which are also statistically significant. While for Sub-Saharan African countries FDI has a positive and statistically significant effect on structural transformation both in the long run and short-run. Finally, the government of developing countries like SSAs should provide different incentive packages to attract FDI inflows, among others.
Financial Tracker using NLP

NLP (Natural Language Processing) is a mechanism that helps computers to know natural languages like English. In general, computers can understand data, tables etc. which are well formed. But when it involves natural languages, it's unacceptable for computers to spot them. NLP helps to translate the tongue in such a fashion which will be easily processed by modern computers. Financial Tracker is an approach which will use NLP as a tool and can differentiate the user messages in various categories. the appliance of the approach will be seen at multiple levels. At a personal level, this permits users to filtrate useful financial messages from an large junk of text messages. On the opposite hand, from an industrial point of view, this can be useful in services like online loan disbursal, which are hitting the market nowadays. These services attempt to provide online loans to individuals in an exceedingly faster and quicker manner. But when it involves business view, loan recovery from customers becomes a really important & crucial aspect. As most such services can’t take strict legal actions against the fraud customers, it becomes a requirement that loan should be provided only to those customers who deserve it. At that time, this model can come under the image. As a business we will find the user’s messages from their inbox (after taking permission from the users). These messages are often filtered using NLP which might help to differentiate various types of messages within the user's inbox which might further be used as a content for further prediction and analysis on user’s behaviour in terms of cash related transactions.
An Infinite-Feature Extension for Bayesian ReLU Nets That Fixes Their Asymptotic Overconfidence

A Bayesian treatment can mitigate overconfidence in ReLU nets around the training data. But far away from them, ReLU Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) can still underestimate uncertainty and thus be asymptotically overconfident. This issue arises since the output variance of a BNN with finitely many features is quadratic in the distance from the data region. Meanwhile, Bayesian linear models with ReLU features converge, in the infinite-width limit, to a particular Gaussian process (GP) with a variance that grows cubically so that no asymptotic overconfidence can occur. While this may seem of mostly theoretical interest, in this work, we show that it can be used concretely to the benefit of BNNs. We extend finite ReLU BNNs with infinite ReLU features via the GP and show that the resulting model is asymptotically maximally uncertain far away from the data while the BNNs' predictive power is unaffected near the data. Although the resulting model approximates a full GP posterior, thanks to its structure, it can be applied post-hoc to any pre-trained ReLU BNN at a low cost.
URBAN COME-ON'S - International Design Workshop Week, University of Antwerp

The design research workshop engaged in propositional map-making, enabling students to create opportunities for micro-scale, pre-figurative, urban interventions - unlocking new modes of urban commons. Propositional maps are maps with behavioural intent, URBAN COME-ON’S, producing a new, free flowing, territory that can be travelled in the imagination, in reality, or in both concurrently. Such forms of map propose new co-dependencies and dialogues between the imagination, expectations and experience.Plunging into creative walking, mapping and map-making processes, converting the unconventional data revealed into a propositional-map-scape and proposing sites for micro-interventions, will create an Immersive Graphic-Manifesto for Commoning. Working together we will combine our propositional maps and reveal opportunities for re-thinking cultural milieus and sharing life’s micro-pleasures.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Persuratan di Badan Informasi Geospasial

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This study aims to produce a website-based correspondence management information system that creates a smooth, effective and efficient written communication in accordance with official scripts in the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). The research method used in this research is the Observation and Literature Study method with the Waterfall development model, the system modeling tools with the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and the programming language used is PHP &amp;amp; MYSQL as a database. The Correspondence Management Information System built is a system that features the compose of official scripts / letters and the drafting process can be carried out not only in the office, the realization of integration in making official manuscripts / letters in terms of format, procedure, authority, validity and control, and can suppress the use of paper so as to save costs in the process of drafting manuscripts / letters that support the government program in bureaucratic reform. This correspondence application can be redeveloped so that you can add an electronic signature or digital signature with a QR Code or the like.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Voyager: Software Architecture Trade-off Explorer.

Software engineers must ensure that systems under development are endowed with software architectures that enable them to meet their requirements. Apart from functionality, systems also have to satisfy extra-functional requirements that may include behavioural constraints that the software must adhere to, as well as qualities to optimise such as performance, availability, and energy efficiency. These qualities are often inter-dependent and heavily influenced by the structure of the system. This results in poorly understood multi-dimensional design spaces, in which trade-offs among qualities are not evident when making architectural decisions. This paper presents Voyager, a tool which allows engineers to visualise architectural configurations and explore the trade-offs among their quality attributes in a multi-dimensional design space. The tool produces contextual visualisations to facilitate trade-off analysis, providing engineers with a streamlined way of understanding architectural design spaces, using an approach that combines architectural structure with multi-dimensional data visualisations. A user study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the tool. Results show that participants achieved a significantly higher accuracy in a shorter time span and had a better user experience when using Voyager, with respect to an existing comparable tool.
Jump-Starting Item Parameters for Adaptive Language Tests.

A challenge in designing high-stakes language assessments is calibrating the test item difficulties, either a priori or from limited pilot test data. While prior work has addressed ‘cold start’ estimation of item difficulties without piloting, we devise a multi-task generalized linear model with BERT features to jump-start these estimates, rapidly improving their quality with as few as 500 test-takers and a small sample of item exposures (≈6 each) from a large item bank (≈4,000 items). Our joint model provides a principled way to compare test-taker proficiency, item difficulty, and language proficiency frameworks like the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). This also enables new item difficulty estimates without piloting them first, which in turn limits item exposure and thus enhances test item security. Finally, using operational data from the Duolingo English Test, a high-stakes English proficiency test, we find that the difficulty estimates derived using this method correlate strongly with lexico-grammatical features that correlate with reading complexity.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GALLERY WALK TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY IN HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT OF ELEVENTH GRADE AT MAN 3 BLITAR

Isbanah, Sabita. Student Registered Number. 17203163166. 2020. The Effectiveness Of Gallery Walk Technique On Students’ Writing Ability In Hortatory Explanation Text Of Eleventh Grade At Man 3 Blitar Thesis. English Education Program. Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training. State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Tulungagung. Advisor. Dr. Ida Isnawati, M.Pd.Key Word: effectiveness, writing, and gallery walk techniqueWriting is a skill that is required in written communication. It is very needed for the learners in order to produce the language and avoid misunderstanding among people. Writing is not an easy thing to do for the learners due to the complex thinking. Because of that, the teacher needs to provide a technique to support his/her teaching activity as the way to achieve the learning objectives. The researcher used gallery walk technique during teaching and learning process to ease students in arranging hortatory exposition text. The concept of the implementation of Gallery Walk technique is almost the same as gallery exhibition. Furthermore, peer feedback is included in this technique. The formulation of the research problem was: “Is there any significant different score in writing hortatory exposition text of the eleventh grade students taught by using Gallery Walk technique and those who are not taught by using Gallery Walk technique?”. The purpose of this study was to know whether there is any significant different score in writing hortatory exposition text of the eleventh grade students taught by using Gallery Walk technique and those who are not taught by using Gallery Walk technique.The research design was quasi experimental which belonged to quantitative approach by using two groups pre-test and pos-test. The population the eleventh grade of MAN 3 Blitar in academic year 2018/2019. The sample were 71 students chosen through purposive sampling technique. The reseach instruments of this study was administering pre-test and post-test from the two classes. Method of data analysis used was computing statistical in the form of independent T-test by using spss 16.0 version for windows.The results of Independent T-test showed that the mean scores of post-test in experimental was 89.62. Meanwhile the average scores of post-test in control group was and 81.29. It clearly stated that the mean score in experimental higher than control group. Furthermore, based on the value of the Sig was 0.000. It indicated that the Sig value was less than 0.05 (0.00 < 0.05). Hence there was significant difference score in writing hortatory exposition text of the eleventh grade students taught by using Gallery Walk technique and those who are not taught by using Gallery Walk technique. In short, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. In other word, Gallery Walk technique is effective on students writing ability in hortatory explanation text of eleventh grade at MAN 3 Blitar.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN EFL LEARNERS’ SELF CONFIDENCE AND ORAL COMMUNICATION PROFICIENCY AT IAIN TULUNGAGUNG

ABSTRACTSafarotul Kiromil Baroroh, Husna. Student Registered Number. 17231431 95. 2018 “TheCorrelation Between EFL Learners’ Self-Confidence and Oral CommunicationProficiency. Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training. StateIslamic Institute (IAIN) of Tulungagung. Advisor: Dr.Nurul Chojimah, M.PdKeyword: Correlation, Self-Confidence, Oral Communication ProficiencySelf-confidence is the strong tool to explore anything that learner wants to build theirpotency especially in communication. The writer found that the lack of self-confidence made thelearner difficult to communicate and active in learning process. Self-confidence plays anessential role in affecting learners’ readiness to communicate. Furthermore, the students who areable to communicate fluently and confidently, as a good impact of the high self-confidence, isthat the students can increase their academic achievement in the oral communication proficiency.This study aimed at investigating the correlation between EFL learners’ self-confidenceand oral communication proficiency at IAIN Tulungagung. Quantitative approach usingcorrelational study was applied in this research. Participants were 41 students of fourth grade inEnglish Department of IAIN Tulungagung. The sampling was using random sampling technique.Data was collected through a self-confidence questionnaire and score documentation in oralcommunication proficiency. SPSS 16.0 was used for analyzing data by using Spearman’s rhoformula.The data analysis revealed that there is significant positive correlation between EFLlearners’ self-confidence and oral communication proficiency. From statistical calculation, it wasconfirmed that the value of correlation coefficient was 0.414. It means that the correlationbetween the EFL learners’ self-confidence and their oral communication was in positive andmoderate correlation. It showed that those who have high score in self-confidence also had highscore in the oral communication proficiency. The hypothesis testing showed that p-value wasless than 0.05 (0.007 < 0.05). It is interpreted that the null hypotheses (Ho) was rejected and thealternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the self-confidence gavesignificance positive correlation on EFL learner oral communication proficiency at IAINTulungagung.Self-confidence is necessary for students achievement in the study and also on theirbetter life. Better interaction is when learners’ have self-confidence especially in oralcommunication proficiency. Learner whom have self-confidence will try to know anything indetail. Good oral communication also made the learner more enjoyable with the time and buildthe atmosphere more pleasurably. Hopefully, for the next researcher, this study give motivationto conduct the other research especially deals with self-confidence level.
An Exploration of Decision Making for Cloud Computing in South Africa

Exploring decisions changes organizations and technology environment remain essential for development. Cloud computing is evolving allowing relevant, on-demand network access to a public group of configurable computing properties that can be quickly delivered and unrestricted. As cloud computing evolves, organizations have to reconsider how they operate and consider using cloud systems. Decision makers in organizations are cautious towards the adoption of cloud computing and they are not entirely open to this paradigm. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the decision making processes towards cloud computing proposed by Herbert Simon focusing on South African organisations and to develop a cloud computing decision making process map to guide decision makers. The key contribution of this paper is to support decision makers to strategically utilise cloud computing to help in information gathering, identifying and solving problems. Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework was used to establish the behavioural and human components affecting cloud decisions.