Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Developing English Material for Food and Beverage Service Used by Students at SMKN 1 Singaraja

This study aimed to determine the English for Food and Beverage Service needs of eleventh-grade students of Tourism Majors at SMKN 1 Singaraja, to design and develop the English material for Food and Beverage Services used by 11th-grade students at SMKN 1 Singaraja, to determine the quality of the developed material. This research used the Design and Developments model that Rickey and Klein (2009) suggested, which includes planning, development, and evaluation. The instruments used were interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis. The findings of this study revealed the student’s needs (necessities, wants, lacks, input, setting, procedure, the student’s role, and the teacher’s role) which are important for improving the student’s motivation and achievement in learning. Three units were developed based on the document analysis: Taking Reservations by Telephone, Receiving and Seating Guests, and Taking Food and Beverage Orders. The material is developed based on the theory proposed by Hutchinson, T., &amp; Waters, (1987). This includes input, content focus, language focus, and task. The quality of the product’s effectiveness was evaluated by the theory proposed by Litz, (2005). After calculating data from the expert judges, the quality of the developed material can be categorized as very good material. Thus, it can be a supplementary source for learning English for Food and Beverage Service at SMKN 1 Singaraja.
Entity alignment via graph neural networks: a component-level study

Abstract Entity alignment plays an essential role in the integration of knowledge graphs (KGs) as it seeks to identify entities that refer to the same real-world objects across different KGs. Recent research has primarily centred on embedding-based approaches. Among these approaches, there is a growing interest in graph neural networks (GNNs) due to their ability to capture complex relationships and incorporate node attributes within KGs. Despite the presence of several surveys in this area, they often lack comprehensive investigations specifically targeting GNN-based approaches. Moreover, they tend to evaluate overall performance without analysing the impact of individual components and methods. To bridge these gaps, this paper presents a framework for GNN-based entity alignment that captures the key characteristics of these approaches. We conduct a fine-grained analysis of individual components and assess their influences on alignment results. Our findings highlight specific module options that significantly affect the alignment outcomes. By carefully selecting suitable methods for combination, even basic GNN networks can achieve competitive alignment results.
Motion Detection Using Three Frame Differencing and CNN

The three-frame difference is a renowned tactic for detecting moving items. According to the idea, the existence of a moving object can be inferred by removing three subsequent image frames that display the moving object’s edges. However, information is lost as a result of the method because these edges do not convey all of the information about the moving item. To obtain all of the information about a moving object, post-processing techniques like morphological operations, optical flow, and combining these techniques must be used. In this study, we introduce a novel method to detect moving objects in video sequences without any post-processing steps, dubbed Selected Three Frame Difference (STFD). We first provide an algorithm that selects three images while accounting for the local maximum value of frame disparities rather than employing successive. The logical operator is applied to three frames of three different picture variations that contain non-overlapping object frames. We mathematically show that the entire moving object is always discernible in the second image that was selected. We investigated the proposed strategy on a dataset collected in our lab and a public benchmark dataset. We compared the effectiveness of our approach to the three-frame difference method and background subtraction-based traditional moving object recognition methods on a few sample videos selected from different datasets.
A Religious Sentiment Detector Based on Machine Learning to Provide Meaningful Analysis of Religious Texts

This paper has the sole purpose of showing the fact that religious sentiment detection holds an important place in the industry and our efforts have been totally concerned with easing the problems of the industry which have been existing to date. Our research has been focused on the shortcomings of various previous methods which have been suggested by previous researchers to classify religious sentiments. There has never been any single application that can classify the sentiments present in a given block of religious text by analyzing only the religious text. We have designed the model in such a way that the users will not have to specify the religious texts and filter them out. The application will reject all the nonreligious texts and provide the desired outcome after analyzing the given religious text which is provided by the user. The model works on the basis of Natural Language Processing and it is able to handle a large amount of data. It is trained using the data sets of the 12 main religions of the world and it is able to perform predictive analysis of the input text since the model is trained using RNN and LSTM algorithms. We have also used the KNN algorithm in the testing phases of the model. A brief analysis of the time complexity along with the comparison of performance evaluation among the different methods have also been discussed in this paper. In the results that we received, it can be clearly seen that we have achieved a minimum loss of 0.083, and the highest accuracy value of the model is found to be 99.8%, This study evaluates the different approaches that can be used to perform sentiment analysis on religious texts and provides a landmark for future researchers to continue improvements in this field. Our research paves the way for future researchers to work more on the untouched portions of sentiment analysis and its applications in real life. In this way, these extensive technologies can be put to better use. We believe that our work and our results might be able to help the people in common to get rid of the harmful and malicious effects of certain religious texts and they would be able to recognize the religious texts which carry good value or provide comfort to them.
Unveiling the Unseen Wounds—A Qualitative Exploration of the Psychological Impact and Effects of Cyber Scams in Singapore

Introduction: In a world where the virtual realm is integral to daily life, facilitating communication, commerce, and social interactions, the rise of the digital landscape has brought both unprecedented opportunities and new challenges. Among these challenges, cyber scams have emerged as a modern affliction that transcends geographical boundaries, targeting individuals with precision and cunning. Objective: A Qualitative Exploration: The essence of this study lies in its commitment to unveiling the unseen wounds inflicted by cyber scams. Unlike quantitative studies prioritizing statistical generalizability, our qualitative research embraces the richness of individual narratives, emphasizing diverse responses and the uniqueness of each victim’s journey. Methodology: Mapping Emotional Labyrinths: Drawing on in-depth interviews, personal accounts, and narrative analysis, we aim to map the intricate labyrinth of emotions that unfold when trust is betrayed, security is shattered, and one’s digital reality transforms into a nightmare. Conclusion: This study seeks to transcend the limitations of numbers, offering insights into the profound realms of human emotion, perception, and meaning-making in the aftermath of cyber scams. Resilience, Healing, Empowerment: By walking hand in hand with our participants, we aim to illuminate the path toward resilience, healing, and empowerment. The ultimate goal is to foster a more secure and psychologically robust digital society.
M-Learning in ELT: Avenues and Challenges that Confront Teaching and Learning at Higher Education

Technology can be directed to provide effective and productive pedagogy in the English language classroom. One of these fairly recent technological platforms for English language teaching and learning is the mobile phone. Also known as m-learning, it offers valuable opportunities for educators to create effective teaching strategies through the utilisation of mobile phones. On the receiving end of this pedagogical strategy are our students, our clients, whose perspectives and attitudes towards m-learning warrant equaly important considerations. Thus, this study was pursued to probe the role of mobile phone for English language learning in the Indonesian context. The study was guided by the theory of connectivism, activity theory, and communities of practice. This case study adopted a mix of qualitative and quantitative means for the purpose of accumulating data with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires as primary research instruments. It was learnt through the study that students are generally in favour of and have positive responses on the use of mobile phones in language learning but several emergent problems need to be addressed by institutional administrators and classroom instructors when tapping on m-learning. These research findings pave the way for subsequent research endeavours to delve into the efficacy of m-learning as a viable mediating variable for language learning, especially in the wake of prevalent online learning scenario, where mobile phones have become an integral part of online and distance learning platforms.
Pemeriksaan Golongan Darah pada Siswa Kelas VIII MTsS Pondok Pesantren Darul Qur’an Desa Tambak Rejo

Blood type is very basic and important in human life because it is hereditary (offspring) from parents. The term blood group refers to the entire blood group system that consists of antigens on red blood cells. Blood type refers to the specific reaction pattern of the antiserum given. Since its discovery by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, blood groups have contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms of heredity today. In this world, there are actually about 46 types of antigens besides the A-B-O antigens, it's just that they are much rarer. The method used is a blood group examination free of charge. The dedication activity in the form of checking blood type was carried out at MTsS Darul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School which is located on Jalan Tambak Rejo Medan Amplas, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. The target audience for this service activity is class VIII students. This service activity was carried out on February 16, 2022, from 09.00-13.00 WIB. The procedure for implementing community service consists of three stages including surveys and interviews, preparation, and implementation. Based on the blood group examination results as presented in Figure 3, it can be seen that the proportion for blood group A is 30.8%, blood group B is 23.0% and blood type O is 38.5% while the proportion for blood group The lowest AB is 7.7%.
Optimalisasi Literasi dan Peningkatan Nilai Gizi Terhadap Masyarakat melalui X Banner

Some of the activities that have been carried out refer to the importance of literacy, increasing nutritional value by processing local food, as well as public services through x-banners. In this increasingly advanced era, the use of technology and social media has become an inseparabel part of the current generation’s daily life. This is a new challenge for the people in Tempursari Village, namely a lack of interest in reading and a lack of information for public services. The implementations of these work programs intends to stay in touch and collaborate with the people in Tempursari Village. The problems faced by the community include limited media. Students have made efforts to increase the knowledge and skills of the Tempursari Village community in literacy, local food processing, and the presentation of public service information through X Banners.
Evaluating RSA encryption: Primality testing, pollards algorithms, and security challenges

In the dynamic realm of cryptography, Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) encryption stands as a pivotal element in ensuring secure communications. This analysis offers a detailed exploration of RSA encryption, emphasizing critical aspects such as primality testing, the intricacies of Pollards factorization algorithms, and the overarching security challenges intrinsic to this prevalent encryption paradigm. Delving deep into the heart of RSA, the research underscores the paramount role of primality testing in the RSA key generation process and critically evaluates the efficiency and reliability of diverse primality test methodologies. Moreover, it navigates the potential pitfalls introduced by Pollards algorithms and ponders their consequential implications for RSAs security matrix. Beyond these technicalities, the analysis brings to the forefront a spectrum of security challenges besieging RSA. This encompasses nuances like vulnerabilities arising from diminutive private keys, pitfalls linked to common modulus attacks, and susceptibilities stemming from cache timing discrepancies. By illuminating both the robust facets and inherent vulnerabilities of RSA encryption, this scholarly work elevates the current narrative on cryptographic security. It accentuates the perpetual necessity for meticulous scrutiny and agile adaptability in the quest to shield sensitive digital information in our progressively interconnected world.
A comparative analysis of public key cryptographic algorithms: RSA, ELGamal, and elliptic curve encryption

Cryptography stands as an indispensable and efficient facet within the expansive field of information security. It offers a reliable method for ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data during the complex process of information transmission between a sender and a recipient. Beyond this, exclusive decryption privileges are meticulously reserved for the designated recipient. This individual holds the exclusive authority to decipher the transmitted information, which has been encrypted by the key holder beforehand. This scholarly investigation introduces and delves into three prevalent cryptographic algorithms: RSA, El-Gamal, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography. It offers a discerning examination and contrast of the underlying mathematical challenges associated with each sophisticated method. The discourse unfolds a detailed comparative analysis of these three pivotal algorithms, zeroing in on their crucial aspects such as key size length and operational running time. The in-depth exploration within this study aims to shed light on the intricate workings, strengths, and potential limitations of RSA, El-Gamal, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography. By unraveling these aspects, the study contributes to a richer understanding and more informed choices in the practical application of cryptographic algorithms, enhancing the overarching realm of information security in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.
Hausdorff dimension method reduces the error of box counting

The Hausdorff dimension of an object is a topological measure of the size of its covering properties. To compute the Hausdorff dimension of an object, this report reviews the method of box counting, a method of gathering data for analyzing complex patterns by breaking a dataset, object, image, etc. into smaller and smaller pieces, typically "box"-shaped, and analyzing the pieces at each smaller scale. However, in this process, errors are always generated because of the extreme cases in which boxes are just covered with a small corner of the pattern but still should be counted. As a result, the number of boxes counted becomes larger than usual resulting in inaccurate results. In order to reduce the error in the final result, this report applies an improvement to this method to reduce the errors in the result and provides the example of Koch snowflake, and also examines the effect of the improvement.
Quantum state discrimination with assisted entanglement

State discrimination is one of the key steps in quantum information tasks. This paper introduces the assisted quantum entanglement to achieve this step. For this purpose, the paper introduces some preliminary knowledge to help enter the research topic, such as the matrix rank, Kronecker product, quantum states and the calculation method of Schmidt decomposition and rank. The latter involves the Singular value decomposition in matrix factorization theory. The method of distinguishing orthogonal states in single and many-body systems is also introduced, by using the so-called positive operator-valued measurements. Then the paper proves the fact that single or multipartite system non-orthogonal states are indistinguishable regardless of whether there are auxiliary resources, which may be either separable or entangled states. The paper further illustrates the feasibility of maximum entangled states acting on two-body systems and gives corresponding examples. At the same time, the feasibility of auxiliary resources for smaller entanglement is also investigated.
Discrete logarithms and primitive roots: Algorithms, properties, and typical solution methods

In mathematics, the logarithm, log_ab, where a(0,1)(1,) and b&gt;0, is always defined as the real number x, such that a^x=b. Moreover, in the field of number theory, a similar concept called the discrete logarithm can be defined as follows: For a given positive integer m(m2), let aN^(+ ) with (a,m)=1, and r is the primitive root of m, x=ind_r a if r^xa (mod m). Here, x is the discrete logarithm. The Discrete Logarithm Problem, which is a famous problem in number theory, is formulized as: For a positive integer b and a prime number p, and a is the primitive root of p, the goal is to find the exact value of i, such that a^ib (mod p), in other words, it is targeted at finding the exact value of ind_a b. The goal of this research is to give several solutions to the Discrete Logarithm Problem, so firstly, some background concept like order and primitive root will be introduced with the proof of some foundational theories of these two concepts, then this essay will give two methods that can solve the Discrete Logarithm Problem called Shanks' Babystep-Giantstep Algorithm and Pohlig-Hellman Discrete Logarithm Algorithm.
The Role of AI in the Digital Era

This review paper looks at an overview of the role of AI in education during the digital era. During the time of COVID-19, the usage of AI has increased rapidly. The paper helps us to highlight the benefits of AI in the education sector like learning, and teaching, and the ethical concerns associated with it. AI is a crucial factor in educational development, and some threats are associated with it like safety, security, and most importantly privacy. As a consequence, AI technologies positively and negatively affect the education sector.
The Role of Ethics in Developing Secure Cyber-Security Policies

In an era dominated by technological advancements and increasing reliance on digital infrastructure, the formulation of effective and secure Cyber-security policies has emerged as a critical concern for governments, organizations, and individuals alike. This review paper delves into the under-explored nexus between ethics and Cyber-security policy development, shedding light on the pivotal role ethical considerations play in shaping resilient and socially responsible Cyber-security strategies. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, case studies, and ethical frameworks, this review unveils the multifaceted ethical dimensions underpinning the Cyber-security landscape. It investigates the ethical imperatives driving the need for secure policies and explores the ethical dilemmas inherent in decision-making processes. Moreover, the paper examines the ethical challenges posed by emerging technologies and the implications for privacy, surveillance, and international relations. By dissecting the intersections of ethics and Cyber-security, this review not only highlights the ethical principles and values crucial for policy formulation but also provides a road-map for developing ethically sound, secure, and resilient Cyber-security policies. The findings emphasize the imperative for a holistic and ethically grounded approach to confront the evolving threats in the digital realm, safeguarding not only data and systems but also the moral fabric of our interconnected world.
THE PRINCIPLE OF SUCCESSION IN TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE TO STUDENTS OF HIGHER SCHOOLS

The article deals with the principle of succession in teaching English language to students of higher schools. The work highlights the importance of this principle in scaffolding students' learning and building a strong foundation of language skills. It also emphasizes the need for careful selection of appropriate teaching materials that are aligned with students' proficiency levels and learning objectives. Scaffolding techniques are discussed as essential for providing students with the necessary support and guidance to understand complex language structures and concepts. Assessment and feedback are also identified as playing a crucial role in tracking students' learning progress and providing constructive feedback to help them improve their language skills. Finally, the research suggests that the principle of succession is not only important for teaching English language to philological students but also for promoting learner autonomy and independence. Overall, the work aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on language teaching and learning and to inform language educators and policymakers on the best practices for teaching English language to students of philological specialties. The article also discusses the challenges and limitations associated with implementing the principle of succession in different educational contexts, such as teacher training, classroom management, and curriculum design. It highlights the importance of providing adequate training and professional development opportunities for language educators to help them effectively implement the principle of succession in their teaching practices. The study emphasizes the need for a studentcentered approach that takes into account students' individual needs, preferences, and cultural backgrounds. The article concludes by suggesting several prospects for further research in this area, including investigating the effectiveness of different scaffolding techniques, exploring the impact of the principle of succession on students' motivation and engagement, and examining the role of assessment and feedback in implementing this principle.