Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Specialists Outperform Generalists in Ensemble Classification

Consider an ensemble of $k$ individual classifiers whose accuracies are known. Upon receiving a test point, each of the classifiers outputs a predicted label and a confidence in its prediction for this particular test point. In this paper, we address the question of whether we can determine the accuracy of the ensemble. Surprisingly, even when classifiers are combined in the statistically optimal way in this setting, the accuracy of the resulting ensemble classifier cannot be computed from the accuracies of the individual classifiers-as would be the case in the standard setting of confidence weighted majority voting. We prove tight upper and lower bounds on the ensemble accuracy. We explicitly construct the individual classifiers that attain the upper and lower bounds: specialists and generalists. Our theoretical results have very practical consequences: (1) If we use ensemble methods and have the choice to construct our individual (independent) classifiers from scratch, then we should aim for specialist classifiers rather than generalists. (2) Our bounds can be used to determine how many classifiers are at least required to achieve a desired ensemble accuracy. Finally, we improve our bounds by considering the mutual information between the true label and the individual classifier's output.
Factors that affect Japanese English teachers疝 self-esteem

This study aimed to find out the factors that support Japanese English teachers self-esteem. A total of 257 Japanese English teachers participated and their self-esteem, burnout, confidence in teaching in general (CT) and confidence in English skills and knowledge (CE) were measured. The results showed that CE affected their self-esteem more than CT, and confidence in speaking, vocabulary and grammar knowledge predicted their self-esteem. However, speaking and vocabulary were the last two items they were confident in, which means their confident items and their self-esteem related items showed the total reverse. Teachers in 40s and 50s had confidence in grammar and reading, and these predicted their self-esteem, which seemed to support their self-esteem. The result indicated that teachers who have confidence in speaking can maintain their self-esteem the highest, except for teachers in 20s, and building vocabulary and enrich grammar knowledge also help them maintain their self-esteem. Intensive reading could be the key factor to build up their vocabulary, grammar knowledge and foundation of aural communication skills.</br></br> Key Words: self-esteem, non-native English teachers, confidence, English skills
How to Use BlueStacks 4 to Run Android Apps on Windows

Bluestacks is a well-known Android emulator and is used by numerous people from all around the world. The user interface of Bluestacks is quite easy to ...
Dimension Reduction for Data with Heterogeneous Missingness

Dimension reduction plays a pivotal role in analysing high-dimensional data. However, observations with missing values present serious difficulties in directly applying standard dimension reduction techniques. As a large number of dimension reduction approaches are based on the Gram matrix, we first investigate the effects of missingness on dimension reduction by studying the statistical properties of the Gram matrix with or without missingness, and then we present a bias-corrected Gram matrix with nice statistical properties under heterogeneous missingness. Extensive empirical results, on both simulated and publicly available real datasets, show that the proposed unbiased Gram matrix can significantly improve a broad spectrum of representative dimension reduction approaches.
Automatic Task Requirements Writing Evaluation via Machine Reading Comprehension

Task requirements (TRs) writing is an important question type in Key English Test and Preliminary English Test. A TR writing question may include multiple requirements and a high-quality essay must respond to each requirement thoroughly and accurately. However, the limited teacher resources prevent students from getting detailed grading instantly. The majority of existing automatic essay scoring systems focus on giving a holistic score but rarely provide reasons to support it. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end framework based on machine reading comprehension (MRC) to address this problem to some extent. The framework not only detects whether an essay responds to a requirement question, but clearly marks where the essay answers the question. Our framework consists of three modules: question normalization module, ELECTRA based MRC module and response locating module. We extensively explore state-of-the-art MRC methods. Our approach achieves 0.93 accuracy score and 0.85 F1 score on a real-world educational dataset. To encourage reproducible results, we make our code publicly available at \url{https://github.com/aied2021TRMRC/AIED_2021_TRMRC_code}.
Totemismo e cultura dialettale. Alcune evidenze a partire dal repertorio paremiologico e fraseologico siciliano

The present work sheds light on the relationship between totemism and dialectal culture starting from the analysis of a range of Sicilian proverbs and phraseologies regarding wild animals (birds, insects and reptiles). The corpus is made up of proverbs and idioms from macro- and micro-areal lexicographical or paremiological repertoires, also considered on the basis of demo-ethnographical studies dealing with Sicilian customs, beliefs and superstitions. The article is aimed both at explaining, from a motivational view point, the value or the origin of a specific expression according to the totemic hypothesis, and at analysing aspects of an ancient era which still dwell in one of the most linguistically conservative levels of the Italo-romance dialects. In particular, the study focusses on two specific features of totemism: on the one hand, the animals’ magical-prophetic power influencing both agricultural and pastoral activities and, more in general, man’s destiny; on the other hand, the fauna’s holiness which justifies expressions of taboo or respect. Moreover, a special attention is paid to fatalism, a common thread which characterises the presence of the animals in the several examples taken into account.
Knowing the Shape of the Solution: Causal Structure Constrains Evaluation of Possible Causes.

Author(s): Lapidow, Elizabeth; Chu, Junyi; Walker, Caren M. | Abstract: We investigate whether reasoners are sensitive to the underlying causal structure of an event when evaluating its likely causes. Participants read stories in which two unknown causes led to an outcome in either a converging or linear structure. They were then asked to select two of three possible causes to complete the story. Two candidates were semantically-related, direct causes of the outcome. The third was an unrelated, indirect cause of the outcome that was conditional on a directly-related event. Differences in abstract structure, and not association, guided people’s evaluations of the most likely causes (e.g., ‘breeze blowing’ was judged an unlikely direct cause of a noisy room compared to ‘alarm ringing’ or ‘door slamming’, but a likely indirect cause, conditional on the door slamming). Results demonstrate that people consider abstract information about the structure of an event when evaluating causes. Knowledge of causal structure may therefore guide hypothesis evaluation.
Signal-processing of audio for speech-recognition

The transcription of voice using neural networks is a technique that deserves attention, as speech assistants are becoming increasingly popular. Neural networks have often difficulty with determining the differences between a talking person and noise. Humans have a much better understanding of this and could possibly apply their knowledge of the structure of the signals to improve the understanding of the neural network. A problem that is extremely difficult for a neural network is understanding and transcribing the lyrics of a song. This thesis analyzes signal-processing techniques that can be applied to a song to improve the understanding of a speech-recognition algorithm. It is mainly focused on filtering the fore- ground lyrics from the accompaniment. Some basic filtering methods are described including a low-amplitude filter and a band-pass filter. But also two more complicated filters which make use of the periodicity of the background music will be treated. The first filter is a method of voice separation using the two-dimensional Fourier transform. This method, proposed by Prem Seetharaman, Fatemeh Pishdadian, Bryan Pardo in 2017 [15], combines techniques of signal-processing and image-processing by finding periodic repetitions in a signal by identifying peaks in the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the spectrogram of the signal. The second filter is a newly proposed method that can be used for the separation of foreground from background music. The algorithm compares columns in the spectrogram and classifies columns as overlapping if there are multiple occurrences of columns similar to the selected col- umn (repetitions). The frequency components, the different frequencies obtained from a discrete short-time Fourier transform, of overlapping columns are afterward compared with components of the same frequency in other columns. Under certain circumstances, overlapping frequency components are subtracted from components in other columns of the spectrogram. This removes repetitions of that frequency throughout the song. The components of the spectrogram that re- main after several iterations of this method are most likely to correspond to the least repetitive parts of the song. The decisions that are made while constructing the method of comparing spectrogram columns are discussed and are compared with steps performed in the method that uses the two-dimensional Fourier transform. An implementation and demonstration are also attached. From the research it is expected that the two-dimensional Fourier transform perform better on strict periodic accompaniment, while the method that compares spectrogram columns is more likely to perform better on songs with a less tight rhythm.
A study on the Effectiveness of Teacher Education with Special Reference to the Indian Education System

This study basically highlighted the effective growth and development of the teacher’s individual skills, abilities, self confidence to deliver their knowledge through education in front of the students. The value of teacher education is based on teacher’s different innovative activities. . Teacher training consists of capability and accomplishment that would entitle and empowers the teacher to meet the necessity of the profession. In this study focuses on standards of quality and competencies of teachers, professional skills and so on. Teacher education would help teachers to plan, proper instruction and conduct effective classroom session or assessment. It refers to those skills which help them to expertise in educational field and helps to self reliant in the educated society.
DeepTeeth: A Teeth-photo Based Human Authentication System for Mobile and Hand-held Devices.

This paper proposes teeth-photo, a new biometric modality for human authentication on mobile and hand held devices. Biometrics samples are acquired using the camera mounted on mobile device with the help of a mobile application having specific markers to register the teeth area. Region of interest (RoI) is then extracted using the markers and the obtained sample is enhanced using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) for better visual clarity. We propose a deep learning architecture and novel regularization scheme to obtain highly discriminative embedding for small size RoI. Proposed custom loss function was able to achieve perfect classification for the tiny RoI of $75\times 75$ size. The model is end-to-end and few-shot and therefore is very efficient in terms of time and energy requirements. The system can be used in many ways including device unlocking and secure authentication. To the best of our understanding, this is the first work on teeth-photo based authentication for mobile device. Experiments have been conducted on an in-house teeth-photo database collected using our application. The database is made publicly available. Results have shown that the proposed system has perfect accuracy.
Archer Library: eResources at the University of Regina: Databases

A guide to the various types of online resources available through the University of Regina libraries.
PROMOTING YOUNG PEOPLE’S CULTURAL PARTICIPATION: INTERNATIONAL PROJECT EXPERIENCE

Appears in: EDULEARN21 Proceedings Publication year: 2021Pages: 4714-4719ISBN: 978-84-09-31267-2ISSN: 2340-1117doi: 10.21125/edulearn.2021.0979Conference name: 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning TechnologiesDates: 5-6 July, 2021Location: Online Conference
EDUCATION OF A CONVERGENT JOURNALIST IN RUSSIA: CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE

In the field of teaching methods of journalism, there are many problems, both private and fundamental, for example, what to pay more attention to - practice or theory, how to find the perfect balance of these two components, which would help in future professional activities etc. In the study the main goal is to analyze various approaches to the methodological support of pedagogical work in the process of teaching the specialty "Journalism"in Russia.The paper compares methodological approaches and possible forms of education in the process of university training. The research was conducted by context-logical, descriptive, analytical, deductive, as well as comparative analysis research methods.As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made:- in the process of finding the right balance of practical skills and theoretical knowledge for the training of future journalists, higher education institutions, specialized faculties and departments often add additional skills and abilities from other areas of knowledge to the curriculum, for example, "Public Relations", "Political Science", "Advertising"and others;- components of training are traditionally divided into two groups: 1) training in algorithms for performing operations of the future profession; the ability to overcome schematic and standard models (cliches) - creative solution of specific problems; 2) a complex of humanitarian academic disciplines aimed at expanding the horizons of the student in educational level;- these two groups are not always in equilibrium in one or another training program in the specialty "Journalism". Even if the curriculum is formally balanced, in fact, the preponderance is most often on the side of the second group of subjects. The percentage of the material shows that the volume is much larger;-Scientists associated with teaching journalism have different views on the problem of the relationship between practice and theory in the preparation of students;- S.G. Korkonosenko in the textbook for universities "Fundamentals of Journalism" expresses the opinion that "such an" enrichment "of the subject of activity can only lead to its disappearance";- supporters of convergent journalism, including E.A. Baranova, believe that the symbiosis of knowledge and skills from various fields of knowledge comprehensively prepares the student for the future profession, allows him to work in related fields.
GX at SemEval-2021 Task 2: BERT with Lemma Information for MCL-WiC Task

This paper presents the GX system for the Multilingual and Cross-lingual Word-in-Context Disambiguation (MCL-WiC) task.The purpose of the MCL-WiC task is to tackle the challenge of capturing the polysemous nature of words without relying on a fixed sense inventory in a multilingual and cross-lingual setting.To solve the problems, we use contextspecific word embeddings from BERT to eliminate the ambiguity between words in different contexts.For languages without an available training corpus, such as Chinese, we use neural machine translation model to translate the English data released by the organizers to obtain available pseudo-data.In this paper, we apply our system to the English and Chinese multilingual setting and the experimental results show that our method has certain advantages. 1
DIGITAL COMPETENCES OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATORS IN MODERN WORLD: A COMPARISON STUDY (EDUCATORS WORLDWIDE VS RUSSIAN EDUCATORS)

The main aim of Learn2MOOC website https://learn2mooc.com/en/ is professional communication of university educators worldwide and their digital competencies estimation. The following digital competencies were studied: 1) choosing the digital platform; 2) digital content creation; 3) marketing and advertising. Firstly, university educators registered on the Learn2MOOC website https://learn2mooc.com/en/ and took part in the first survey, which estimated the level of their digital competences (choosing the digital platform; digital content creation; marketing and advertising). After completing the first survey, professors got the recommendations on developing their digital competences. After reading the recommendations educators pass the second survey.University educators who registered on the website Learn2MOOC were from different countries. Mostly professors were from Europe and from Asia, Africa, USA, UK and Russia. It should be mentioned that the percentage of Russian educators, who had academic degree «Doctors of Science» were higher (70%) than the percentage of university educators worldwide (49,5%). Registered educators had work experience more than 25 years in higher education (15,6% educators worldwide; 20% Russian educators), 21-25 years – 23, 9% educators worldwide 22,97% Russian educators, 16-20 years – 9,2% educators worldwide 19% Russian educators, 11-15 years – 12,8% educators worldwide 18% Russian educators. The majority of educators teach humanitarian subjects and also mathematician, IT and business.The level of digital competences of university educators worldwide is much higher than the level of digital competences of Russian educators. Digital tools are more familiar for foreign educators. University educators don’t only participate in this project, but also spread the information about Learn2MOOC website https://learn2mooc.com/en/ among colleagues.
ODED: Outlier Detection in Educational Data

Clustering data streams is one of the prominent tasks of discoverin g hidden patterns in data streams.It refers to the process of clustering newly arrived data into continuously and dynamically changing segmentation patterns.The current data stream clustering algorithms are lacking general clear steps for analysing new incoming data chunks.However, the majority of existing data stream solutions are adapting the clustering methods of static data to work with data stream setting.The main issue of concern is to propose a solution can improve the performance of existing approaches and present correct clusters and outliers.Data arriving in streams often contain outliers, which may have equal importance as clusters.Thus, it is desirable for data stream clustering algorithms to be able to detect the outliers as well as the clusters.The data stream clustering algorithms should be able to minimise the effects of noise and outliers data in a given dataset.This article presents a stream mining algorithm to cluster the data stream and monitor its evolution.Even though outlier detection is expected to be present in data streams, explicit outlier detection is rarely done in stream clustering algorithms.The proposed method is capable of explicit outlier detection and cluster evolution analysis.Relationship between outlier detection and the occurrence of physical events has been studied by applying the algorithm on the education data stream.Experiments led to the conclusion that the outlier detection accompanied by a change in the number of clusters indicates a significant education event.This kind of online monitoring and its results can be utilized in education systems in various ways.Viber education data streams produced by Viber groups are used to conduct this study.
Forgetting agent awareness: a partial semantics approach

Partial Dynamic Epistemic Logic allows agents to have different knowledge representations about the world through agent awareness. Agents use their own vocabularies to reason and talk about the world and raise their awareness when confronted with new vocabulary. Through raising awareness the vocabularies of agents are extended, suggesting there is a dual, inverse operator for forgetting awareness that decreases vocabularies. In this paper, we discuss such an operator. Unlike raising awareness, this operator may induce an abstraction on models that removes evidence while preserving conclusions. This is useful to better understand how agents with different knowledge representations communicate with each other, as they may forget the justifications that led them to their conclusions.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE STUDENTS' ERROR IN WRITING REPORT TEXT AT EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 6 TIMANG GAJAH

This research aims to determine the students' errors in writing report text at eight grade SMP N 3 Timang Gajah students. The research was conduct using a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The primary data source is the eighth-grade students and the teacher English at SMP N 3 Timang Gajah. The data collection instrument uses observation sheets, interview sheets, and the documentary (test) study and the researcher's data analysis using Miles and Huberman models, including data reduction, display, and verification. The percentage of grade VIII students' achievement in writing report text in the reference made is low, namely only reaching: general nouns 22.04%, at present tense 22.57%, on linking verbs 29.17% and action verbs are 26.21%. In conclusion, the students still error in writing report text at grade VIII students of SMP N 3 Timang Gajah. Therefore, they should have great motivation and interest in learning report text and get used to practicing it in everyday life.
Pengaruh Komunikasi Keluarga dan Disiplin Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;he aim of this research is 1) To know the influence of family commucation to students' achievmen; 2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;) to know learning dicipline to students' achievment; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;3) to know the influence of family communication and dicipline to students' achievement in the fifth grade. The kind of this research is quantitative research. the population is the fifth grade students in SD Negeri Sukorejo elementary school. The technique of collectig data is questionare and documentation. the instrument test is validity and realibility test. The result of this research is 1) family communication has possitif effect and significant to students achievment in SD Negeri Sukorejo elemntary school , suruh, semarang regency 2020/2021 academic year 2)learning dicipline haspossitif effect and significant to students achievment in SD Negeri Sukorejo elemntary school, suruh, semarang regency 2020/2021 academic year3) both of family communication and learning dicipline have influence to students achievement in gunungtumpeng elemntary school, suruh, semarang regency 2020/2021 academic year 4) communication variable gives 216% of the effectiveness, learning vriable gives 18,9% of the effectiveness. the amount of them is 40,5%, while 59,5% is residue that it influenced by the other variable.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;