Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A BLIND IMAGE INPAINTING MODEL INTEGRATED WITH RATIONAL FRACTAL INTERPOLATION INFORMATION

Aiming to solve the problem of blind image inpainting, this study proposed a blind image inpainting model integrated with rational fractal interpolation information. First, wavelet decomposition and closed operations were adopted to obtain masks and transform blind inpainting into non-blind inpainting. Then, on the basis of similar structural groups, rational fractal interpolation functions were introduced to complete the restoration. On the one hand, this model can sufficiently express the texture features of the image with high fidelity. On the other hand, it can better represent the structural features of the image, avoid serrated edges, enhance the restoration effect, and approximate the original image. The experimental results show that the restoration effect of this model can reserve texture details and ensure edges without distortion, possessing great practical application value.
Verb frame distribution and text difficulty: A corpus‐based analysis of verb frames in Chinese textbooks

Abstract This study aims to explore how verb frames can potentially influence text difficulty and shed new light on text evaluation. Different from previous works focusing mostly on lexical frequencies, this paper explores semantic categories of verbs and their correlation with the difficulty levels (DLs) of textbooks. Based on a corpus of nine sets of primary school Chinese textbooks, verb‐frame diversity and distribution trends by difficulty levels were examined. The results show that the diversity of verb frames has a strong positive correlation with difficulty levels. The distribution trends of the frames largely correspond with the three cognitive tiers proposed in the skill theory for language development: the sensory–motor, representational, and abstract tiers. This study introduces verb frames as a salient semantic factor in text analysis and proposes that verb‐frame‐related features have the potential to be utilized in the evaluation of leveled instructional materials and readability assessment.
The Use of Blockchain Technology in the Educational Field in Bahrain

Blockchain technology, initially developed as the foundational technology for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, has garnered significant attention across a wide range of industries due to its potential for decentralized and transparent systems. In recent years, the educational sector has begun to acknowledge the transformative power of blockchain technology, particularly in Bahrain. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the applications, benefits, challenges, and prospects of utilizing blockchain technology in the field of education. By examining the various ways in which blockchain technology can enhance educational systems and processes, this paper seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of its potential in revolutionizing the educational landscape. The study explores the implementation of blockchain technology in areas such as secure credentialing, efficient record-keeping, transparent academic assessments, decentralized learning platforms, and the protection of intellectual property rights. Additionally, the challenges and considerations associated with implementing blockchain in education are analyzed, including issues of scalability, privacy, interoperability, and the need for regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, the research discusses the potential future developments and prospects for blockchain technology in Bahrain's educational sector, highlighting its capacity to promote data integrity, increase efficiency, enable lifelong learning, and foster trust among stakeholders. Overall, this comprehensive review underscores the significance of blockchain technology as a catalyst for innovation and transformation in education, while emphasizing the need for further research and collaboration to fully harness its benefits.
An Attack Resilient Policy on the Tip Pool for a DAG-Based Distributed Ledger

This paper discusses congestion control and inconsistency problems in DAG-based distributed ledgers and proposes an additional filter to mitigate these issues. Unlike traditional blockchains, DAG-based DLTs use a directed acyclic graph structure to organize transactions, allowing higher scalability and efficiency. However, this also introduces challenges in controlling the rate at which blocks are added to the network and preventing the influence of spam attacks. To address these challenges, we propose a filter to limit the tip pool size and to avoid referencing old blocks. Furthermore, we present experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of this filter in reducing the negative impacts of various attacks. Our approach offers a lightweight and efficient solution for managing the flow of blocks in DAG-based DLTs, which can enhance the consistency and reliability of these systems.
A Digital Health Passport Based on Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain: Use Case in Morocco

The Moroccan Ministries of Interior and Health have decided to use a QR code to validate the authenticity of the health passport of vaccinated people through a mobile application. However, this digital health passport may expose citizens’ privacy to fraud and violation. To address these issues, this paper proposes a system based on Hyperledger Fabric, highlighting privacy issues. This system is designed with respect to the individual privacy law for digital health passports. In addition, our framework includes an innovative access control mechanism that complies with Moroccan Law 09–08, which is responsible for ensuring that the processing of personal data is legitimate and does not infringe on privacy or fundamental human rights, as well as the CNDP (National Commission for the Protection of Personal Data) guidelines. The integration of the Blockchain is intended to guarantee security and privacy between system stakeholders, protecting the integrity and traceability of vaccination information.
A Modelling Approach for a High Utility Decentralized Autonomous Organization Development

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) are decentralized applications (Dapps) enabling governance processes. These face limitations caused by the underlying blockchain complexity, usability and scalability issues. In addition, the design and validation of the governance mechanisms lack appropriate methods and tools, resulting in a misalignment of DAO policies to the stakeholders’ needs. This work proposes a software engineering methodology for developing DAOs with a high degree of utility. In order to do so, we will extend the Trusted-Dapp Modeling concepts to facilitate specification of the incentive mechanisms involved in the token economy. These are an essential component of DAO-based governance, ultimately contributing to the project’s success or failure. As a proof-of-concept prototype, a support tool will be developed and evaluated in vivo field studies in the context of community currency-system governance.
An Introduction to Arbitrary Message Passing

We introduce an emerging arbitrary message passing (AMP) problem across multiple blockchains, which concerns transmitting general information from one blockchain to another. We develop a framework to highlight defining properties of AMP solutions and highlight that AMP protocols naturally generalize asset bridges and are special types of oracles.
Towards an Enterprise Blockchain Interoperability Framework: A Case of the Banking Sector

Blockchain technology offers attractive benefits to many industries, however, realizing these benefits is hindered by the lack of interoperability between different blockchain systems and other non-blockchain systems. The lack of standards, models and frameworks that guide the development of blockchain systems has led to fragmented systems that are unable to share information seamlessly without employing a central party. This PhD study proposes a generic blockchain interoperability framework to assist organizations in making the appropriate design choices for interoperable blockchain systems. The study tackles blockchain interoperability from a General Systems Theory perspective and focuses on the four levels of interoperability (legal, organizational, semantic and technical) and focuses on the banking sector as a case study. This paper presents the preliminary findings of the study, and the proposed frameworks and highlights the next steps.
Bridging Protocols in DAG-Based DLTs: Facilitating Interaction Between IOTA and Other DLT Networks

While Distributed Ledger Technologies offer (DLT) increased security, transparency, and resilience, the decentralized ecosystem is currently fragmented, lacking interoperability between different DLT platforms. Bridging protocols act as a bridge between different DLT networks, enabling the transfer of assets and data across disparate systems. This paper explores the development of bridging protocols in DAG-based DLTs, with a focus on facilitating interaction between IOTA and other networks. This paper offers insights into the characteristics and requirements of effective bridging protocols, which are crucial for realizing the full potential of DLTs and unlocking new use cases for decentralized systems.
The Role of Blockchain Technology in Ensuring Security and Immutability of Open Data in Healthcare

Clinical information is highly confidential due to its sensitive nature. Implementing health information systems has raised concerns regarding interoperability, privacy, and security. The storage and retrieval of this information also present the same problems. Therefore, any effort to introduce healthcare information systems must ensure patient data’s safety, privacy, integrity, and immutability. Blockchain technology and the openEHR open data model have emerged to address these concerns, providing a solution that guarantees data security, interoperability between systems, and the accuracy of stored data queries. Two different architectures were developed and subjected to several performance tests to enhance security and immutability in open data models implemented in healthcare institutions. The results were analysed to determine which architecture provides more value to a healthcare institution. Subsequently, a discussion was held to draw appropriate conclusions.
Implementation and Evaluation of Blockchain-Based Applications in SMEs’ Supply Chains: Proof-of-Origin and Process Automation

Blockchains are utilized in supply chains of small and medium enterprises in addition to conventional technologies. As part of a research project, two use cases have been implemented, tested and evaluated in pilot projects using two demonstrators. The first use case tested is a transparent proof of origin for wood products in order to reduce illegal logging and to be able to prove certifications. The second use case focuses on the automation and validation of an order process to eliminate errors due to manual activities and standardize interfaces. The paper provides a detailed overview of the use cases, as well as the technical implementation and economical evaluation of the solutions. Both qualitative and quantitative aspects have been analyzed.
Managing Write Access Without Token Fees in Leaderless DAG-Based Ledgers

A significant portion of research on distributed ledgers has focused on circumventing the limitations of leader-based blockchains mainly in terms of scalability, decentralization and power consumption. Leaderless architectures based on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) avoid many of these limitations altogether, but their increased flexibility and performance comes at the cost of increased design complexity, so their potential has remained largely unexplored. Management of write access to these ledgers presents a major challenge because ledger updates may be made in parallel, hence transactions cannot simply be serialised and prioritised according to token fees paid to validators. In this work, we propose an access control scheme for leaderless DAG ledgers based on access credits, a quantity generated by tokens to guarantee access, instead of paying fees in the base token. We outline a general model for this new approach and provide simulation results highlighting the performance of this solution in terms of credits consumed and delay guarantees according to varying traffic conditions and heterogeneous user behavior.
Smart Contract Analyzer. A Tool for Detecting Fraudulent Token Contracts

Smart contracts have demonstrated new ways to manage and trade digital assets, conduct financial transactions, and transform business processes. Several concepts have emerged to enable investors to own or trade digital assets. Trading platforms relying entirely on decentralized, known as decentralized exchanges, allow unrestricted financial transactions to exchange digital assets. Beyond the opportunities offered, using the decentralized environment remains complex to understand by most of its users, consequently giving adversaries opportunities to benefit from investors based on scamming schemes. The cryptocurrency market is damaged by malicious actors that aim to drain investor funds via scamming token smart contracts. This research paper initially highlights related problems with fraudulent token contracts. Further, it proposes a solution for identifying several fraudulent schemas in the crypto ecosystem via a dynamic algorithmic solution supported by the SC Analyzer tool based on real-time data.
Energizing Blockchain: Legal Gaps and Power Plays in the Energy Sector’s Digital Transformation

For more than a century, power systems across the globe have relied on centralized electric generation and distribution. Centralized generation denotes intensive and large-scale energy generation at centralized facilities. These centralized power plants operate on fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal. The reliance and dependency on centralized fossil fuel plants have resulted in problems of scarcity and environmental issues. The high reliance on centralized energy servers is likely to result in a single point of failure where a single flaw in the energy market design and configuration can potentially affect the functioning of the entire energy system. The conventional energy system is highly susceptible to power failures and outages. Centralized energy systems can result in greater risk of data breaches, lower transparency and traceability, trust gap and higher operating costs. These deficits can be easily removed with a decentralized and distributed energy system to verify transactions and ensure validity and reliability of the data entered onto the blockchain ledger. This article explores the challenges of the application of blockchain technology in the energy sector with a focus of peer-to-peer energy trading. It investigates the lack of proper legal and regulatory framework to facilitate the adoption of blockchain technology in the energy sector.
Blockchain Context Canvas: A Tool to Align Developers and Stakeholders

Blockchain technology has had significant prominence in recent years for being a solution that integrates the various actors of a business scenario providing security in transactions, thereby reducing intermediaries and increasing efficiency in supply chains. Among the characteristics of these applications are the significant amounts of stakeholders, metadata, and business rules, as well as the knowledge gap between developers and business analysts. Herein, we propose and evaluate a tool called Blockchain Context Canvas that guides the discussion between users, analysts, and developers objectively, without users and analysts needing to discuss how the technology works, thus promoting greater efficiency and objectivity in the construction of the smart contract. The evaluation uses expert opinion. The tool was used in an application for the coffee supply chain and then evaluated by an expert developer experienced in blockchain solutions. The results indicate that the tool can serve as a roadmap for guiding real supply chain projects.
Creating a Blockchain-Based Insurance Platform with Marlowe

This research paper presents a novel approach in the design, development, and evaluation of a blockchain-based insurance platform utilizing Marlowe-powered smart contracts. The platform leverages cryptocurrency as the underlying mechanism for insurance policies and operates on a decentralized network. A user-friendly website empowers customers to effortlessly purchase and manage policies, while also enabling seamless claim submissions and automatic reimbursements based on predefined guidelines. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on smart contracts, decentralized insurance, and blockchain, highlighting the key challenges and opportunities associated with leveraging these technologies for a smart contract-based insurance platform. We meticulously describe the methodology employed, including the selection of tools and technologies, and outline the rigorous security and reliability measures implemented to ensure the platform’s robustness. Through an in-depth evaluation, we examine the platform’s efficiency, scalability, and security, as well as analyze its potential advantages and limitations. The results indicate that a blockchain and Marlowe-based smart contract-based insurance network has the potential to offer a secure, transparent, and efficient alternative to existing insurance systems. In conclusion, this paper identifies novel research avenues, such as further integrating blockchain technology and developing user-friendly interfaces for non-technical users, to enhance the capabilities and usability of the platform. The proposed approach showcases the novelty and potential impact of utilizing blockchain and Marlowe for creating a next-generation insurance platform based on smart contracts.
How Decentralized Autonomous Organizations are Affecting Real Estate

Blockchain technology is innovating the real estate industry, providing greater accessibility, and streamlining the process for investors, buyers, and sellers. Three approaches that utilize blockchain technology for real estate are: virtual real estate, real estate tokenization, and fractional investment. Virtual real estate enables users to purchase digital properties in virtual worlds and monetize their investment. Real estate tokenization creates digital tokens that represent ownership of real estate assets, while fractional investment enables users to share ownership of properties by purchasing tokens that represent a percentage of the asset. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) and Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) can offer a new way for clients to access exclusive real estate properties and services. In this research we suggest a Real Estate membership by buying properties or NFTs. In a hypothetical use case, clients can enjoy special advantages such as priority access to off-market properties, individualized counseling, and revenue-sharing options. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as regulation, mass adoption, and lower gas fees that can be analyzed deeper on future research.
Repositioning Blockchain Technology in the Maritime Industry for Increased Accountability

Digitalization has transformed the maritime industry, but accountability and transparency remain challenging due to the centralized nature of electronic data exchange platforms. To address this issue, this article proposes a blockchain-based solution that leverages legal identifiers and smart contracts to enhance accountability and transparency in portuary information systems. Extensive research indicates that a permissioned blockchain infrastructure is optimal for establishing a secure and decentralized environment among authorized parties. The proposed solution utilizes a modular and distributed blockchain infrastructure to notarize actions within the existing system, thereby increasing transparency and accountability. The article presents a proof of concept as the initial step in showcasing the capabilities and significance of this novel architecture. By tackling current challenges in the maritime industry, this proposed architecture offers a secure, efficient, and effective means of integrating portuary information systems.
Implementing a Blockchain-Powered Metadata Catalog in Data Mesh Architecture

This paper explores the implementation of a blockchain-powered metadata catalog in a data mesh architecture. The metadata catalog serves as a critical component in managing data at scale, allowing for efficient discovery, access, and governance. By integrating blockchain technology, the metadata catalog can provide federated control, immutability, and transparency in managing metadata across a distributed network of data domains. This paper discusses the benefits of using blockchain technology in the metadata catalog and provides a proof-of-concept implementation of a blockchain-powered metadata catalog in a data mesh architecture using HyperLedger Fabric. The paper also highlights some challenges and potential solutions for adopting this approach, including scalability, interoperability, and governance concerns. Overall, this paper presents a novel approach for implementing a secure and federated metadata catalog in data mesh architecture that can improve the efficiency, reliability, and transparency of data management.
Industry 4.0 Business-Oriented Blockchain Design Decision Tree

Industry 4.0 integrates IoT and robotics to create smart factories that work together seamlessly. However, this integration requires secure and efficient data management systems. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that stores data in a secure and transparent manner via cryptography mechanisms. Since the release of Bitcoin, it has gained popularity in finance, but its potential applications in other sectors such as Industry 4.0 is vast. In Industry 4.0, blockchain can revolutionize businesses by improving transparency, efficiency, and security. However, developing an adequate blockchain for Industry 4.0 business mechanisms requires a specific approach. In this paper, we propose a decision tree for designing a well-suited blockchain solution for business-oriented Industry 4.0 that takes into account the requirements of the aforementioned field.
TariScript: Bringing Dynamic Scripting to Mimblewimble

Mimblewimble is a cryptocurrency protocol with good privacy and scalability properties. A trade-off of Mimblewimble is the requirement that transactions are interactive between sender and receiver. TariScript is presented as an extension to Mimblewimble that adds scripting capabilities to the protocol. We describe the theoretical basis for TariScript and present the modifications required to make it secure. The trade-offs and use cases for TariScript are briefly covered.
Severity Analysis of Web3 Security Vulnerabilities Based on Publicly Bug Reports

Web3 has its basis in blockchain and smart contract technologies, supporting secure, distributed, and decentralized applications. Nonetheless, Web3 is still in the process of evolution, and, as with any other software-based product, software bugs, security flaws, and other vulnerabilities are expected to appear. This paper performs a severity analysis of Web3 security vulnerabilities based on publicly available bug reports. Through this analysis, it is feasible to obtain an overview of the evolution and trends regarding the number of reports delivered, growth by platform, severity classification, and the amounts paid for discovering and reporting vulnerabilities.