Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
On-Line Credit and Debit Card Processing and Fraud Prevention for E-Business

As the number of purchases over the internet has increased and the method of payment is a credit or debit card, e-commerce merchants must be able to accept online payment using the card data. Cyber-criminals have found ways to capture the information on credit and debit cards and use this information to make purchases and remove money from bank accounts which costs merchants lost revenue and chargebacks fees and costs consumers and banks lost funds. The process by which credit and debit card payments are processed beginning with the e-commerce merchant's website to a card processor or service gateway to the credit or debit card company's network to the issuing bank's network with an accept or decline response being returned to the merchant's shopping cart system via the same networks is discussed. The issue of credit and debit card fraud in terms of how cyber-criminals function and the solutions used to deter these attempts by the cyber-criminals is covered. The security standards and a list of preventive measures that should be used by e-commerce merchants are discussed.
An End-to-end Question Answering Model Based on Semantic-enhancing Attention Mechanism

Task-oriented question answering dialogue systems have been an important branch of conversational systems for oral language, where they first understand the query requested by users, and the models are demanded to seek for answers within the context considering the query information. Previous work models the semantic and syntactic information without taking the interaction into consideration. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end model based on semantic-enhancing attention mechanism, which enables the model to focus more on a small part of the context and enhances the model capability of extracting the interactive information. Our experiments are based on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) and the experimental result verifies how the proposed model improves on the dataset.
Community Application

Community development is basically the task wherein people belonging to a particular community come together and help in strengthening the civil society by categorising the actions of their respective communities, and their perspectives in building an economic, social and environmental approach. The community development workers help communities to bring about the required social change, thus improving the quality of life in their stipulated areas. Nowadays, online applications have become a vital component of any industry. Businesses can now be grown effortlessly and have become easier by using web applications and also in achieving the goals in a minimal span of time. The evolution of any web application involves the identification of product requirements, plotting, coding, and examining using the required technologies and frameworks. The applications are built on top of frameworks so that the elementary requirements in the development activity of the web applications are already initiated and can be fulfilled accordingly.
Moving Vehicle Detection in Traffic Video Using Modified SXCS-LBP Texture Descriptor

In this chapter, the authors proposed background modeling and subtraction-based methods for moving vehicle detection in traffic video using a novel texture descriptor called Modified Spatially eXtended Center Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (Modified SXCS-LBP) descriptor. The XCS-LBP texture descriptor is sensitive to noise because in order to generate binary code, the value of center pixel value is used as the threshold directly, and it does not consider temporal motion information. In order to solve this problem, this chapter proposed a novel texture descriptor called Modified SXCS-LBP descriptor for moving vehicle detection based on background modeling and subtraction. The proposed descriptor is robust against noise, illumination variation, and able to detect slow moving vehicles because it considers both spatial and temporal moving information. The evaluation is carried out using precision and recall metric, which is obtained using experiments conducted on popular dataset such as BMC dataset. The experimental result shows that the method outperforms existing methods.
Exploring the Impact of Security Policy on Compliance

Extant studies on compliance with security policies have largely ignored the impact of monitoring, security operations, and roles and responsibilities on employees' compliance. This chapter proposes a theoretical model that integrates security policy, monitoring, security operations, and security roles to examine employees' security compliance. Data were collected from 233 IT security and management professionals. Using partial least square structural equation modelling and testing hypotheses, the study finds that information security policy has significant indirect influence on information security compliance. The effect of security policy is fully mediated by security roles, operations security activities, and security monitoring activities. Security policy strongly influences operations security activities and has the greatest effect on security roles and responsibilities. Among the three mediating variables, monitoring has the most significant influence on security compliance. Conversely, the direct impact of security policy on compliance is not significant.
Digital Initiatives of the Indian Council of World Affairs' Library

This chapter attempts to unravel the journey of Sapru House library (Indian Council of World Library) from a passive manual traditional library to an active electronic library. This chapter provides insights into the traditional management of the resources and their service provision and examines the reasons for the digital initiatives and the how the challenges and obstructions were met and overridden. ICWA library is an academic library having a unique and matchless collection of bound newspapers (since1933), press clippings (since 1964) and rare books (between 1700-1900) constitute 70% of its total collection. Housing, storage, management, preservation, conservation, retrieval and dissemination were underlying reasons that inspired the author to transform this valued collection to a digital repository of knowledge. This chapter gives a detailed account of the conception of the digital initiations vis-à-vis the digital project, outlines, reports, discussions, presentations, approvals, sanctions, funding, execution, implementation and the outcome and realization of the dream.
Boeing Crypto Currency Using Binomial, Poisson Distribution and Application in C++ through Calculations.

In this paper, we study the Boeing digital crypto currency using binomial, Poisson distribution and application in C++. The initial coin offerings price is 0.15 USD. The circulation of the Boeing digital currency is expected in September 2021 at www.crypto.com after a crypto currency license is obtained. The market capitalization of the new digital currency or market price multiplied by the units is expected to be 980 quintillions USD in 5 years or 980,000,000,000,000,000,000. We are expecting to see a tremendous rise in the price during the first 5 years due to traders and crypto mining interactions. In addition, we expect a tremendous rise of the total market capitalization during the period 2021-2025. The steps needed to create and launch the new digital currency are blockchain platform, design the nodes, blockchain internal architecture, integrate API such as blockcypher or tierion and design the interface by issuing a license. Our analysis is based on probabilities of success and failure or gains or losses using the Poisson and the binomial probability distribution. We are comparing the probability against a random variable. The Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that can either be used in its own right, or as an approximation to the binomial distribution when the number of trials, n, is very large and the probability of ‘success’, p, is very small. In contrast, the binomial distribution can be derived from a situation which involves the repetition of an event which has only two possible outcomes such as success or failure, gains or losses.
Moving From Theory to Practice

Technology integration continues to be a professional development concern, especially in elementary schools. It remains unclear why there is a difference between how teachers talk about using technology and how they apply it in teaching reading. The purpose of this investigation was to explore professional development options that would help teachers connect theory to practice by studying their decision-making process. In a case study design, 10 K-4 teachers participated in one 60-minute interview, one follow-up interview, and one 45-minute focus group. With the use of typological analysis, transcripts were coded for initial and emerging themes. Results indicated that integrating mobile devices was highly dependent upon teachers being self-directed learners. Teachers relied on informal collegial interactions when deciding to use mobile devices. Continuous professional development that addresses adult learning styles was recommended by the teachers to support technology adoption.
Ensuring Proper Notice: Clearing the Fog Surrounding Virtual Patent Marking

In 2011, the America Invents Act introduced the option for patentees to use “virtual marking” websites in place of physical marking to provide notice to the public of their patents. This option was created to lower costs for patentees and to facilitate easier marking on small products. However, this option has not seen widespread adoption, likely in part because the statutory requirements for virtual marking are unclear. Specifically, it is not clear what constitutes a “posting” and what it means to “associate” a patent number with a patented product.This article examines other areas of the law to extract basic principles of digital notice and registration notice. These principles underpin three proposed clarifications to the virtual marking requirements: first, that any virtual marking “posting” should be a single web page; second, that to “associate” a patented product with a patent number, the patentee must specifically connect each product to the patents it employs; and third, that patentees should also be required to include the title of each patent along with its number on any virtual marking web pages.While some courts have briefly spoken to the lack of clarity in these areas, none has set any specific rules, and there is very little scholarship on this topic. The recommendations in this essay can serve as guideposts for patentees who could benefit from virtual marking, but require more clarity, and can also inform both judicial interpretations and future legislative updates to the patent marking doctrine.
Communicating “What's Not Said”

Technologies designed to access our personal worlds have the potential to profoundly influence the way we live and to promote human flourishing. They also require an ethical approach to their design that takes human values into account. Mobile technologies for psychological wellbeing present particular challenges that require a sustainable approach to ethical reflection from early in the design process. This paper offers insights into ethical approaches to design, through projects that explore the potential for using mobile apps for reporting psychological wellbeing. It reports on feedback from a focus group with valuable insights for app design in particular contexts of use that help to inform discourse more generally around designing technologies for wellbeing. The discussion focuses on the practical and cultural issues that arise and explores how technologies can mediate self-knowledge and information in ways that might otherwise remain unsaid, but is crucial for successful outcomes both clinically and in design.
Research on Dynamic Monitoring of Graduates Employment Status Based on Data Mining Technology

When evaluating the quality of university education, the employment situation of university graduates is a very important indicator. Strengthening the monitoring of employment status of college graduates is not only the realistic need of promoting higher education to coordinate with social and economic development and building a powerful country with human resources, but also the objective need of higher education's own survival and development. In order to better grasp the employment situation of college students after graduation, sum up the more comprehensive employment situation of universities so as to update the university rankings in time, and let parents and children have more reference when choosing schools, it is inevitable to build a network system for monitoring the employment situation of college students. This paper analyzes the current situation of the dynamic monitoring mechanism of college graduates' employment and entrepreneurship, and puts forward the optimization method of the dynamic monitoring system of graduates' employment situation based on data mining technology. Universities should adopt a variety of data mining methods to mine the employment data of previous graduates, and put forward suggestions on the reform of university teaching and the revision of personnel training programs.
Blockchain Governance: The Missing Piece in the Competition Puzzle

Antitrust law is a nineteenth-century law: it looks at economic matters as if they were all industrial processes, that is, processes through which companies transform inputs into outputs. For this reason, when we look at blockchains, a twenty-first-century technology, through the lenses of antitrust law, they are either framed as the result of an industrial process (the blockchain as an output) or as a means that allows the development of an industrial process (the blockchain as a tool). However, these two pieces do not complete the puzzle: they do not say much about the competitive impact of blockchains. Studying the operating mechanisms of blockchains and, in particular, their governance, one realizes that the puzzle must acquire a new piece: the information on who controls the blockchain. This information reveals that even dominant blockchains, which are still far to come, are generally harmless if permissionless.
A Study on Information and Communication Technology Skills of LIS Professionals in Management Institutions of Tamil Nadu

The importance of information and communications technologies (ICTs) as powerful tools for socio-economic development is now widely acknowledged not only among large corporations but small business enterprises as well. However, for ICT to be effectively deployed as engines of economic development existing IT skills gap both in developed and developing countries must be addressed. The present study covers the library and information science (LIS) professionals of 90 management institutes of Tamil Nadu. The present study attempts to study the ICT skills of LIS professionals working in these institutes.
Piracy and Intellectual Property Theft in the Internet Era

Stealing ideas is not something new, but stealing and transporting ideas in a massive amount has become possible in the era of the internet. Based on the frameworks of criminological theory/thesis, this chapter intends to elaborate intellectual property theft and piracy in cyberspace. Contemporary cases of intellectual property theft and piracy are used to illustrate the blurred line between victims and offenders. The impacts of related information technology should be carefully appraised, as more and more intellectual properties are in digital format.
Strategic Planning for Cloud Computing Adoption in STEM Education

This chapter describes effective strategic analysis and implementation methods for the adoption of cloud computing services (infrastructure, platforms, and software) in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. The benefits of cloud computing, including lower costs, scalability and virtualization capabilities, have been recognized and adopted by major educational, governmental and research institutions internationally during the last five years. However, the term ‘cloud computing' was only recently clarified in 2011 in the NIST's standard definition published by Mell and Grance (2012) as “a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” Despite the increasing clarity in defining cloud computing, the deployment models can be complex, encompassing hybrid, public, community and private cloud frameworks, all with varying levels of privacy, security, and trust. Data format, integrity, and portability as well as geographical server location represent additional factors that educational institutions must weigh when they consider adopting a cloud solution for their educational needs. The chapter provides advice on how to strategically plan for the use of cloud computing services and how to identify, weigh and assess the various factors in decision-making. Just as with e-learning when it was found at the end of the 1990s that purely online technological approaches were not as effective as pedagogical models (blended learning) which took into account human factors such as student motivation, teacher training, technological illiteracy, etc., the author suggests that a holistic technology adoption process that includes needs assessment and stakeholder engagement will be the most successful.
Standardization and Security Criteria: Security Evaluation of Computer Products

Our growing dependence on technology and the corresponding skyrocketing security problems arising from it have all created a high demand for comprehensive security mechanisms and best practices to mitigate these security problems. Solutions on two fronts are sought for. First, well-implemented mechanisms and best practices are needed for fundamental security issues such as cryptography, authentication, access control, and audit. Second, comprehensive security mechanisms are also needed for all security products so that consumers are assured of products and systems that meet their business security needs. The response to this high demand for security products has been an avalanche of products of all types, capabilities, varying price range, effectiveness, and quality. As the market place for security products becomes saturated, competing product vendors and manufacturers make all sorts of claims about their products in order to gain a market niche. In this kind of environment then, how can a customer shop for the right secure product, what security measures should be used, and how does one evaluate the security claims made by the vendors? Along the way, choosing a good effective security product for your system or business has become a new security problem. This chapter focuses on two processes: standardization and security evaluation of products.
http://eyewear.pro

In this demo, we present the smart eyewear toolchain consisting of smart glasses prototypes and a software platform for cognitive and social interaction assessments in the wild, with several application cases and a demonstration of activity recognition in real-time. The platform is designed to work with Jins MEME, smart EOG enabled glasses, The user software is capable data logging, posture tracking and recognition of several activities, such as talking, reading and blinking. During the demonstration we will walk through several applications and studies that the platform has been used for.
Mobile App to Support Teaching in Distance Mode at Fiji National University

In order to assist in delivering of courses in distance mode at Fiji National University a mobile learning app was designed and evaluated. The main objective of this app was to provide learning support to learners who are studying in distance mode. The app was designed for android based smart phones and usability study was conducted to evaluate the app. The evaluation was conducted using twenty students who examined the system for ease of use, usefulness and user satisfaction. The results highlighted minor usability problems hence recommendations were derived to improve the app.
Towards Developing the Piece-Wise Linear Neural Network Algorithm for Rule Extraction

This paper discusses development and application of a decomposition neural network rule extraction algorithm for nonlinear regression problems. The algorithm is called the piece-wise linear artificial neural network or PWL-ANN algorithm. The objective of the algorithm is to “open up” the black box of a neural network model so that rules in the form of linear equations are generated by approximating the sigmoid activation functions of the hidden neurons in an artificial neural network (ANN). The preliminary results showed that the algorithm gives high fidelity and satisfactory results on sixteen of the nineteen tested datasets. By analyzing the values of R2 given by the PWL approximation on the hidden neurons and the overall output, it is evident that in addition to accurate approximation of each individual node of a given ANN model, there are more factors affecting the fidelity of the PWL-ANN algorithm Nevertheless, the algorithm shows promising potential for domains when better understanding about the problem is needed.
An Innovation-Based and Sustainable Knowledge Society

Innovation is a key source of new products, benefit and fresh growth in revenues. In developed economies, the private sector is the engine of innovation and growth, accounting for between half and two-thirds of total spending on research and development in some countries. On the other hand, increasing access to technology will be a critical driver of economic growth in emerging economies, but it will require private sector leaders and the public sector to work together to make their respective programs more impactful. At the same time, the rapid advances and pervasive diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT), combined with the growth of the Internet have led to deep transformations in economic, social and institutional structures. ICT applications affect the performance of businesses and the efficiency of markets, foster the empowerment of citizens and communities as well as their access to knowledge, and contribute to strengthening and redefining governance processes at all institutional levels.
Data Mining and the KDD Process

Nowadays, there exists an increasing number of applications where analysis and discovery of new patterns have fueled the research and development of new methods, all related to machine learning, knowledge extraction, knowledge discovery in databases or KDD, and data mining. The development of data mining and other related disciplines has benefited from the existence of large volumes of data proceeding from the most diverse sources and domains. KDD process and methods of data mining allows for the discovery of knowledge in data that is hidden to humans, presenting this knowledge under different ways. In this chapter, an overview of the KDD process with special focus in the phase of data mining is given. A discussion on data mining tasks and methods, a possible classification of them, the relation of data mining to other disciplines, and an overview of future challenges in the field are also given.
Language Theory and Semantics

This chapter discusses language theory and includes a discussion on grammar, parse trees and derivations from grammar. The important area of programming language semantics is discussed, including axiomatic, denotational and operational semantics.