Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The deconstruction of previous concepts in a virtual environment

The incorporation of technology in the educational field has provided new scenarios for learning, this has led educational actors to rethink the role of facilitators in order to generate new organizational and pedagogical strategies that contribute to the formation of suitable spaces for the deconstruction of knowledge (Pineda, 2015). The objective of this research is to design a techno-pedagogical model based on technology-mediated strategies that promote the learning of biological evolution at the Higher Secondary Level. To meet this objective, a quantitative research is presented, focused on the design and implementation of an educational intervention mediated by technology, to promote the deconstruction of prior knowledge from the implementation of cognitive, metacognitive and self-regulation strategies. . We worked with fourth semester students, specifically with a focus group made up of 46 students. The results show that the design of an educational intervention based on learning strategies housed in a virtual environment is a pedagogical option for the deconstruction of previous ideas and the learning of Biology or as a complementary didactic strategy to face-to-face teaching strategies.
An experimental study of social receptivity

Any person cannot live in isolation from the social environment. Throughout our lives, we enter into relationships with people around us, form interpersonal relationships, and whole groups of people communicate with each other, thereby each of us becomes the subject of countless and diverse relationships. How we treat the interlocutor, and what kind of relationship we have with him, in many ways directly depends on how we perceive and evaluate the communication partner. When communicating, a person evaluatesthe appearance and behavior of each interlocutor. At the same time, as a result of the assessment, a certain attitude towards the interlocutor is formed and individual conclusions are made about his internal psychological properties. This mechanism of perception of one person by another is an integral part of communication and refers to social perception. The authors of the article, considering the concept of social perception, present the results of experimental studies of social perception conducted by various researchers. The analysis of studies on social perception by such scientists as V. S. Ageev, A. A. Bodalev, A. I. Dontsov, Sh. V. is carried out. Sarkisyan, J.Landel, J. Tucker, H. Friedman, V. E. Kagan, D. Hartley, N.A.Vasilyeva, S. Bern, and A. G.Shestakova, there is presentedcharacteristicsof causal consequences contributing to the social perception of respondents. Theauthorsanalyzed the formation of terminological and psychodiagnostic apparatus for studying the patterns of research and social perception. The article presents an analysis of the theoretical and empirical plan of social perception and the order of selection of diagnostic material. The study made it possible to identify the general form of the organization of experimental work and to identify topics that require additional research.
A psychologicalstudy of the learning process of junior high school students

The article describes the effective directions of the teaching process and mental development of a junior high school student. It says that the opinions of domestic and foreign scientists should be analyzed and priority areas should be taken into account. In psychological research, the initial methodological conditions used during the education of junior school students and ways of their psychological clarification are provided. The peculiarity of primary school is that teaching depends more on the teacher than on the school curriculum. Although there are a lot of requirements and teaching tasks in the curriculum, a competent teacher tries to minimize themand explain themto the student in a concise manner.The psychological study of education is consideredto be the systematization and analysis of the most rational ways and methods of managing the educational process at the present time. The problem of increasing the efficiency of the educational process due to the structural and systematic analysis of the educational material attracts the attention of scientists.In the educational process, it is no longer enough to acquire simple skills such as reading, writing, counting, and calculating. The formation of these skills includes solving broader and more important tasks:First of all, to introduce children to subject education in the logic of scientific knowledge, to reveal to them the basic and fundamental properties of the studied sphere of existence that make up the content of this science. Thus, the acquisition of reading skills becomes the study of language as a means of communication and thinking, and simple counting skills -the study of numerical relationships.Secondly, the formation of learning activities in children with their own tasks and methods. At the current stage of development of our society, a person should be engaged in educational activities throughout his life. This is the second "specialty" of each person, the ability to realize it depends mainly on the progress in the chosen profession.Thirdly, it is necessary to use all opportunities of the primary education period for the formation of learning motives and intellectual development of children.An urgent problem in solving the problem of increasing the efficiency and quality of the educational process is the activation of schoolchildren's learning. Its special importance is that teaching, being a reflexive and transformative activity, is aimed not only at the reception and memorization of the learning material but also at the formation ofthe student's attitude towards the cognitive activity itself. The transformative nature of the activity is always related to the activity of the subject.
Specific emitter identification based on frequency and amplitude of the signal kurtosis

Extensive experiments suggest that kurtosis-based fingerprint features are effective for specific emitter identification (SEI). Nevertheless, the lack of mechanistic explanation restricts the use of fingerprint features to a data-driven technique and further reduces the adaptability of the technique to other datasets. To address this issue, the mechanism how the phase noise of high-frequency oscillators and the nonlinearity of power amplifiers affect the kurtosis of communication signals is investigated. Mathematical models are derived for intentional modulation (IM) and unintentional modulation (UIM). Analysis indicates that the phase noise of high-frequency oscillators and the nonlinearity of power amplifiers affect the kurtosis frequency and amplitude, respectively. A novel SEI method based on frequency and amplitude of the signal kurtosis (FA-SK) is further proposed. Simulation and real-world experiments validate theoretical analysis and also confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Integration and differentiation in science and their practical significance

The article deals with the laws of dialectics, methods of cognition in science, integration and differentiation as two components of science advancement. The factors causing uneven development of these components are presented. General laws specific for various dynamic systems and forms of movement, general principles of understanding the surrounding world, which enable to combine knowledge of various subjects into a single, integral, harmonious system are presented. The authors of the article emphasise the need to integrate science, education and production, and identify the main problems that arise when implementing integrative programs. The competence-based approach in education, the need to focus on professional qualities, the socio-cultural orientation of the individual, intellectual maturity, and making non-standard decisions are emphasized. Systematization and interdisciplinary differentiation of the components of professional skills, which indicates the development of modern science, the engine of which is differentiation and integration are important for the integration of science and education.
Psychological and pedagogical foundations of the development of soft skills in professional education

Today, in the context of the transformation of the education system, the formation of universal skills among future specialists is of great importance. The relevance of the article lies in the need to introduce complex psychological and pedagogical foundations in the development of flexible skills (soft skills) among students of higher educational institutions in the process of mastering the vocational education program.The purpose of the article is to determine the psychological and pedagogical foundations for the development of flexible skills (soft skills) of students in the conditions of vocational education in a higher educational institution.The methodological basis of our research is a personal approach, which involves consideringthe individual characteristics of each subject. In addition, the activity approach and the systematic approach in pedagogy are focused on the comprehensive study of flexible skills in the context of internal and external conditions affecting the structure of personality. Thearticle considersprovisions of the acmeological and level approaches.Thearticlesubstantiatesthe significance of the study of these skills and the need for their development in future specialists, which is dictated by the process of globalizationbased on the analysis of scientific papers on the features of flexible skills. As a result of the evaluation of the structural components of flexible skills, there was justified the need for further experimental work on the development of flexible skills in students of higher education. The result of this study is a theoretical justification of the importance of the formation of flexible skills of students at the university. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the data obtained are the theoretical basis for the development of a special program aimed at the development of flexible skills in the conditions of vocational education in higher education. In addition, the systematized information on the research problem can be used as a material for improving the programs of social and intellectual development of a person in the conditions of professional formation. The practical significance of this article focuses on the use of the results of theoretical analysis in improving the training programs of future specialists for professional activity. As a result, the future specialist will have a high level of professionalism, psychological flexibility in the process of adaptation to intensive changes, as well as young specialists will learn how to effectively distribute and structure information and will own an information and communication culture.
Problems and state of qualification testing of teachers of the Republic of Kazakhstan (in natural science subjects)

Nowadays the comparison of foreign and domestic experience of certification of teaching staff and certification of graduates of pedagogical specialties shows that it is necessary to improve the content and conditions of certification of teachers. Certification of teaching staff today is one of the important, effective ways to improve the professional skills of teachers. Certification of graduates creates conditions for access to assessment and recognition of qualifications not only by the academic environment but also by the employer. This article discusses the problems and the state of the national qualification testing of teachers in the Republic of Kazakhstan. All teachers are certified every five years, which determines whether they meet the qualification requirements. Ensure that the certification procedure complies with the latest systemsfor assessing the quality of education; national qualification testing of teachers has been introduced as one of the certification stages, which allows monitoring of scientific research not only in the context of a specific region but also at the nationallevel.The data of observations is given, and a deep analysis of the problems of teachers of subjects of the natural cycle du.ring the certification is made. A project has been developed, and the expected results for obtaining a teacher category and improving the State of qualification tests are given in this research.
Designing technologies of the future teacher in the formation of the culture of intellectual work

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the need to regulate the legislative framework in a legal society, since in a civilized collective, society, in any work, the paradigm is based on complexity, traces the cultural path of personality development, component forms the culture of intellectual work, defines value-semantic attitudes, uses the study of the basics of design-taking into account external and internal connections of ways and approaches, implementation in certain psychological and pedagogical conditions, in accordance with the anthropological paradigm, taking into account the level of age and professional periodicity and the culture of intellectual work, ensuring the reliability, consistency, sufficiency, completeness, integrity and objectivity of information about the level of training and the degree of professional and personal development, its mechanism is based on the tactics of building a reflexive strategy and transformational activity, the formation of real human life, the formation of a culture of intellectual work based on conceptual provisions formation at the level of archeological, cultural, competence, contextual, technologically analytical, relying on information and qualimetric approaches, for the development of a comprehensively, harmoniously developed personality and meeting the need for scientific research of the new, the knowledge gained is used in research work, which makes it possible to identify and clarify the criteria and indicators of ownership of the culture of intellectual work, to ensure the stability of a person's personal development in work activities.
English as Students’ Major Problem in Tourism Classroom

This study aims to examine the impact of using English as the language of instruction on the effectiveness of teaching and learning in non-English majors in tourism classes, its main problems, students-experienced challenges, and solutions to offer based on the perspective of needs and difficulties. The researchers employed descriptive qualitative research. Meanwhile, the classroom action research approach was used in the first semester majoring in Tourism Travel at Politeknik Selaparang Lombok. Data collection was carried out by participatory observation, compiling instruments in the form of questionnaires of learning needs and difficulties, as well as focus group discussions (FGD) with two lecturers who have implemented English as the language of instruction with communicative delivery and three students majoring in Tourism Travel at Politeknik Selaparang Lombok taken by using purposive sampling technique. Results and discussion will be further discussed.&#x0D;
New model for low-end computers: ResNet and VGG-16

ResNet-50 is a powerful architecture of convolutional neural networks, which gives truly high accuracy and very small error rate. However, this architecture seems not to be very effective when executing in low-end computers because of the small batch size for satisfying limited resources, which is not good for batch normalization. There is also an attempt to use VGG-16 as an alternative method, but vanishing gradients occur often. The proposed model is an improvement of VGG-16 using ResNet for shortcuts to prevent vanishing gradients, and the new architecture does not require batch normalization. As a result, the proposed model achieves a high test accuracy of 85.4%, while ResNet-50 achieves a test accuracy of 75.9% after 40 epochs of training 14,034 images from the Natural Scenes from Image Classification Challenge by Intel. This model is effective for applications related to image processing.
Toward Falsifying Causal Graphs Using a Permutation-Based Test

Understanding the causal relationships among the variables of a system is paramount to explain and control its behaviour. Inferring the causal graph from observational data without interventions, however, requires a lot of strong assumptions that are not always realistic. Even for domain experts it can be challenging to express the causal graph. Therefore, metrics that quantitatively assess the goodness of a causal graph provide helpful checks before using it in downstream tasks. Existing metrics provide an absolute number of inconsistencies between the graph and the observed data, and without a baseline, practitioners are left to answer the hard question of how many such inconsistencies are acceptable or expected. Here, we propose a novel consistency metric by constructing a surrogate baseline through node permutations. By comparing the number of inconsistencies with those on the surrogate baseline, we derive an interpretable metric that captures whether the DAG fits significantly better than random. Evaluating on both simulated and real data sets from various domains, including biology and cloud monitoring, we demonstrate that the true DAG is not falsified by our metric, whereas the wrong graphs given by a hypothetical user are likely to be falsified.
MetaSRL++: A Uniform Scheme for Modelling Deeper Semantics

Despite enormous progress in Natural Language Processing (NLP), our field is still lacking a common deep semantic representation scheme. As a result, the problem of meaning and understanding is typically sidestepped through more simple, approximative methods. This paper argues that in order to arrive at such a scheme, we also need a common modelling scheme. It therefore introduces MetaSRL++, a uniform, language- and modality-independent modelling scheme based on Semantic Graphs, as a step towards a common representation scheme; as well as a method for defining the concepts and entities that are used in these graphs. Our output is twofold. First, we illustrate MetaSRL++ through concrete examples. Secondly, we discuss how it relates to existing work in the field.
Large Language Models are Built-in Autoregressive Search Engines

Document retrieval is a key stage of standard Web search engines. Existing dual-encoder dense retrievers obtain representations for questions and documents independently, allowing for only shallow interactions between them. To overcome this limitation, recent autoregressive search engines replace the dual-encoder architecture by directly generating identifiers for relevant documents in the candidate pool. However, the training cost of such autoregressive search engines rises sharply as the number of candidate documents increases. In this paper, we find that large language models (LLMs) can follow human instructions to directly generate URLs for document retrieval. Surprisingly, when providing a few {Query-URL} pairs as in-context demonstrations, LLMs can generate Web URLs where nearly 90\% of the corresponding documents contain correct answers to open-domain questions. In this way, LLMs can be thought of as built-in search engines, since they have not been explicitly trained to map questions to document identifiers. Experiments demonstrate that our method can consistently achieve better retrieval performance than existing retrieval approaches by a significant margin on three open-domain question answering benchmarks, under both zero and few-shot settings. The code for this work can be found at \url{https://github.com/Ziems/llm-url}.
Reward Learning with Intractable Normalizing Functions

Robots can learn to imitate humans by inferring what the human is optimizing for. One common framework for this is Bayesian reward learning, where the robot treats the human's demonstrations and corrections as observations of their underlying reward function. Unfortunately, this inference is doubly-intractable: the robot must reason over all the trajectories the person could have provided and all the rewards the person could have in mind. Prior work uses existing robotic tools to approximate this normalizer. In this paper, we group previous approaches into three fundamental classes and analyze the theoretical pros and cons of their approach. We then leverage recent research from the statistics community to introduce Double MH reward learning, a Monte Carlo method for asymptotically learning the human's reward in continuous spaces. We extend Double MH to conditionally independent settings (where each human correction is viewed as completely separate) and conditionally dependent environments (where the human's current correction may build on previous inputs). Across simulations and user studies, our proposed approach infers the human's reward parameters more accurately than the alternate approximations when learning from either demonstrations or corrections. See videos here: https://youtu.be/EkmT3o5K5ko
Exploring the Impact of Team Size on Software Quality

The relationship between team size and software quality has been a long-standing topic of debate in the software development industry. While larger teams were traditionally believed to be more productive and produce higher-quality software, recent research has shown that this relationship is more complex than originally thought. The paper examines several studies that have found conflicting results, highlighting the need for further research to explore the moderating factors that influence this relationship. The research suggests that team communication and coordination, developer experience, and project complexity are key factors that may interact with team size to influence software quality. Future studies should consider these moderating factors and use a range of quality metrics to provide a comprehensive assessment of software quality. These findings have important implications for project managers and software development teams who need to make informed decisions about team size and project planning. By optimizing team size and considering the factors that influence software quality, they can improve the overall quality of their software products. Effective communication and coordination among team members are critical to ensure that development efforts are aligned and productive, particularly when dealing with larger teams. Additionally, developers’ experience and the complexity of the project can affect the software quality outcome. Therefore, project managers must evaluate these factors and tailor team size and project planning accordingly to meet the desired quality objectives. Overall, the research provides insights into the complex relationship between team size and software quality, which can help project managers and software development teams make informed decisions to optimize their development efforts. By leveraging the moderating factors that influence software quality, teams can better understand how to improve their software products’ overall quality, leading to better outcomes for their organizations and end-users.