Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
THE RELEVANCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COMPETENCE APPROACH IN PRE-SCHOOL

. In the context of the ongoing changes in the education system of Latvia, the principles of learning approach in pre-school education are based on the competence-based approach, as well as the development of transformative skills. To successfully implement change, the need to develop teachers' creativity, entrepreneurship, decision-making, organisational skills, teamwork, cooperation, sociability, risk-taking and assessment, openness to innovation, reflective thinking and leadership skills becomes essential. Today, it is important for every teacher to strive for professional development and to achieve individual and collective goals. Leadership skills include the ability to motivate others, good communication skills, positive thinking, delegation of responsibilities, creativity, reliability, responsibility, time management, influence, and decisiveness. Change can also be difficult to be accepted and even can become a reason for leaving a teaching job. Leaders who can accept contemporary challenges, communicate effectively with others, and facilitate the development of leadership skills in colleagues become important in every educational institution. The aim of this publication is to research and evaluate the scientific literature on the relevance of transformational leadership, highlighting the need for developing each teacher`s leadership skills.
Sign determination in temporal speckle pattern interferometry without using a temporal carrier

In this paper, we present a novel method to detect the correct sign of non-monotonous displacements in temporal speckle pattern interferometry without the introduction of a temporal carrier in the optical setup.The present work is based on a previous one, where the sign ambiguity is eliminated due to a function that determines the correct sign of the displacement between two consecutive speckle interferograms.Although that approach does not need the introduction of a phase-shifting facility or spatial carrier fringes in the optical setup, the intensities of the object and the reference beams must be recorded separately, which complicates the application of this method for the analysis of nonrepeatable dynamic phenomena.Here, the proposed function can be applied when the displacement fields between the successive frames are in the nanometer range, and there is no need to acquire the intensities of the object and the reference beams.The performance of the proposed function and its limitations are determined using computer-simulated speckle interferograms.Finally, an experimental application of the proposed method is also illustrated.
DETERMINATION OF THE OCCUPATION AND USE MODEL IN THE TERRITORY OF THE MAYO RIVER BASIN, NARIÑO DEPARTMENT THROUGH THE IDENTIFICATION OF ITS POTENTIAL USE IN THE POMCA PREPARATION PHASE

The Mayo river basin, one of the largest in the department of Nariño, Colombia.It covers 79,714.79hectares between the departments of Nariño and Cauca.Topographically, the highest altitudes are in the eastern part, up to 4,150 meters above sea level, and at the mouth, heights of less than 1,500 meters above sea level.This is a descriptive-analytical research, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to search, record, analyze and interpret the different data obtained and acquire knowledge of all aspects related to the determination of the occupation and use model.Having as interest, propose how to reduce the negative impact of human action on the environment and identify a model of occupation and use of the territory.Said determination of the model of occupation and use of the Mayo river basin is carried out through the identification of its potential use, using the methodology for basin management (POMCA), during the preparation phase, a process where review, analysis Initial and consolidation of information.
Social support of students at the university

Currently, there is an expansion of the types of social support and categories of students eligible to receive it. The conducted research among the students of the National Research University "BelSU" made it possible to identify the need of the student youth for social support measures and the peculiarities of its provision in the conditions of the university. The main difficulties faced by students are material, psychological and employment problems. The most popular types of social support are scholarships, payment of financial assistance, subsidies for tuition fees, provision of places in a hostel, preferential travel. The author emphasizes the importance of providing complete, accessible and reliable information about the social support of students at the university.
Assessment of WhatsApp as a Collaborative Learning Tool in the post COVID-19 Era in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case of Tanzania

Information Technology has changed our societies in a variety of ways, before COVID-19 and after COVID-19. A mobile phone being one of the devices under technological generation is needed in teaching and learning. In higher learning institutions, a great number of students make mobile phones part of useful tools for learning. This study aimed to assess WhatsApp as a collaborative learning tool in Higher Learning Institutions a case in Tanzania. The study used a multi-case method where students from three different Higher Learning Institutions were used as units of inquiry. These students came from different levels and programmes, the institutions were from one private institution and two public institutions. The tool used to collect data was an online form created by google. Data collected was then analysed and processed through the google form and the responses were shown with charts and graphs from google. The study included students from non-degree (certificate and diploma) and undergraduate students from bachelor’s degree. The results indicated that WhatsApp is one of the most favored mobile based applications, especially in HLIs; students use the WhatsApp application in exchanging learning materials with their fellow students and their instructors. Not only that, but the application is also used for opening new collaboration and links with other students from different colleges and universities. Nevertheless, the results showed that some students in higher learning institutions in Tanzania use WhatsApp as a platform to learn new business ideas hence some open businesses while still students at College or University through this platform. The current study recommends that Higher learning institution should have conducive environment for learners to get free internet services throughout in the University compound at the same time having a policy that show rules and regulations to be followed on ways to use the WhatsApp tool
MOTIVATIONAL COMPONENT OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS’ DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF LABOR EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGIES

Relevance. The future teachers’ motivation problem and value orientations as basic characteristics of readiness for the pedagogical skills development is one of the key issues in the conditions of professional training in higher education institutions.Objective: The article's aim is to substantiate in a theoretical way and experimental investigation the reasons, to disclose the set of values orientation of future teachers of labour education and technologies as development factors of their pedagogical skills.Methods: theoretical: analysis of current psychological and pedagogical research on the development difficulties of pedagogical skills; generalization and systematization of approaches to the study of personal motivation and values; empiric: questionnaire according to the M. Rokych’s method "Value Orientations", correlation of ranking results with A. Maslow's pyramid of values and needs; methods of mathematical statistics.Results: Results: The essence of the "pedagogical skills" concept has been clarified. Based on the analysis of academic sources, the content of such categories as motives, motivation, values, and value orientations has been specified. The research method of the features of the motivational and value sphere for future teachers of labour education and technologies have been described. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the distribution of value orientations of future teachers of labour education and technologies have been represented.Conclusions: Founded on the study results, the priority groups of motives and values that are leading for those seeking education at this day stage of social evolution are identified, that is safety and comfort, health, interesting work, freedom and independence, productive life, development, and communication.
Analytical interpretation of the gap of CNN’s cognition between SAR and optical target recognition

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR) is a crucial technique utilized in various scenarios of geoscience and remote sensing. Despite the remarkable success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in optical vision tasks, the application of CNNs in SAR ATR is still a challenging area due to the significant differences in the imaging mechanisms of SAR and optical images. This paper analytically addresses the cognitive gap of CNNs between optical and SAR images by leveraging multi-order interactions to measure their representation capacity. Furthermore, we propose a subjective evaluation strategy to compare human interactions with those of CNNs. Our findings reveal that CNNs operate differently for optical and SAR images. Specifically, for SAR images, CNNs’ representation capacity is comparable to that of humans, as they can encode intermediate interactions better than simple and complex ones. In contrast, for optical images, CNNs excel at encoding simple and complex interactions, but not intermediate interactions.
A colorization method for historical videos

The development of imaging technology has allowed people to move beyond the black-and-white era and into the age of color. However, preserved black-and-white historical footage remains a precious memory for people. We propose a coloring method for historical videos that combines historical image coloring methods with temporal consistency methods, thus achieving color editing for historical videos. The temporal consistency technique uses deep video priors to model the video structure and effectively ensure smoothness between frames after video color editing, even with a small amount of training data. Meanwhile, we have collected a historical video dataset named MHMD-Video, which facilitates further research on colorization of historical videos for researchers. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through objective and subjective evaluation.
The “Africa Rising”: An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Per-Capita Growth

In developing economies, the race toward inclusive development has prompted researchers to reconsider the drivers of growth in view of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to explore the determinants of African growth after analysing reference literature to select the explanatory variables. The paper identifies the robust drivers of growth of 54 African countries over the period 2010-2019, where the data source is more complete.As a data source, the main international organisations (UN, WB, IMF) have been considered. We employ a system dynamic panel estimator (GMM-sys) without and with added exogenous regressors for a robustness check. As far as we know, we have not found any studies analysing the determinants of growth in a panel of 54 African countries and/or using GMM estimators with data referring to the last decade. We have used the real per-capita GDP as a dependent variable. Our findings indicate that, in addition to initial conditions of the per-capita GDP, different macroeconomic factors such as fixed investments, inflation, openness, productivity, unemployment, received remittance, external debt, and terms-of-trade such as imports and exports from or to HDCs, and imports from LMDCs in Southern-Asia are robustly correlated with African growth.We conclude that institutional and business environments are particularly important in explaining African growth.
Deployment of Zero Trust Access (ZTA) Policy as a Veritable Tool for Protecting Network Infrastructures and Users

As Cybercrimes continue to rise, researchers and industry players have continued to work hard to come up with solutions that could reduce and possibly eradicate these criminalities. This research has been able to discover the major factor that usually causes people to fall prey to these cyber criminals. This was why a school of thought came up with the Zero Trust Access model to strengthen the network framework. While previous network assets relied on the "trust but verify" philosophy, this technology's primary tenet is "never trust, always verify," which applies to every user and device connected to the network. This study interrogated the existing network models of the Integrative Trust Model (ITM) and Zero Trust Access (ZTA) in addition to the trust model (TA) to understand their concepts, implementation needs, strengths, and shortcomings. This made it possible for the study to establish the position of the ZTA model in repositioning the network security architectures vis-a-vis protecting the users
Optimized Finite State ASR Model for the Arabic Language

Abstract Since its introduction, the Weighted Finite-State Transducers (WFSTs) networks, with their precompiled search space in a single finite state, have provided an exceptional performance with an order of magnitude faster decoders for Automatic Speech Recognition systems compared to the conventional systems that construct the search space progressively. Using WFSTs for morphology-rich languages such as Arabic faces the challenge of the large vocabulary that results in very large networks that are hard to fit in the memory of common CPUs. In this work, we introduce several approaches that have been used to reduce the size of large Vocabulary Arabic WFSTs with a very minor impact on the system accuracy. We adopted the star architecture for the network topology and that reduced the network size and increased the decoding speed. Also, we adopted a two-pass decoding approach that utilizes a short history language model, and consequently smaller network size, in the first pass then in the second pass rescore the produced lattice with the longer history language model. We investigated several tuning parameters to reach the best compromise between network size and system accuracy. Applying these results on two test sets has shown consistent results of a 45% overall reduction in network size with only less than 1% degradation in accuracy. On the standard MGB3 benchmark, we managed to get 40x real-time Arabic ASR with an accuracy of 83.67% compared to 85.82% of state-of-the-art systems that have only 8x real-time performance on common commodity CPU processors.
The Applied Strategic Planning for the Jordan Football Association from the Perspective of the Professional Clubs’ Boards of Directors (for the 2020/2021 season)

Objectives: This study aims to identify the applied strategic planning of the Jordan Football Association from the perspective of the boards of directors of professional clubs for the season 2020/2021, considering their educational qualifications and experience. Methods: The researcher used the descriptive survey method. The study sample consisted of 88 members of the boards of directors committee. The data collection was based on four basic dimensions: commitment to strategic planning, the spread of the strategic planning role, clarity of the concept of strategic planning, and availability of good standards in the components and elements of the strategic plan. Results: Based on the variables of educational qualification and experience, it was found that there was a significant correlation between holding a postgraduate degree and having more experience. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance for members of the Jordan Football Association to increase their awareness and enhance the efficiency of proper strategic planning processes before the launch of the sports season each year.
The Degree to Which Educational Supervisors Practice Creative Supervision in the State of Kuwait: A Teachers' Perspective

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the extent to which educational supervisors practice creative supervision from the teachers' perspective in the State of Kuwait. Methods: The study sample consisted of 400 male and female teachers in the State of Kuwait, selected using a stratified random method. A tool was developed with 37 items, and its validity and reliability were verified. Results: The study concluded that educational supervisors' practice of creative supervision was at a high level. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of educational supervisors' practice of creative supervision based on gender and academic qualification. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences based on years of experience, except in the field of training courses where differences favored those with 10 years of experience or more. Conclusions: The study suggests the need to enhance the creative supervision skills of educational supervisors in the State of Kuwait.
FUNCTIONS OF CREOLIZED TEXT ON RUSSIAN NEWS SITES

This study was conducted to determine the functions of the creolized text and to identify the percentage of such texts on Russian news sites. The study proved that more than 2/3 of Russian news sites use creolization. The main functions of creolized texts are determined: improving the quality of the design and content of the site, enriching with a large amount of information, improving its transmission and perception, optimizing the image in search engines. The study was carried out using the methods of analysis, synthesis, classification and measurement.
An Experimental System to Measure Accuracy of Rotation Gain Under Different Conditions in Virtual Reality Systems

One of the most common tasks performed in VR is navigation through a virtual environment. Real walking, which allows the user to physically move through a physical tracking space as they navigate in a virtual environment, is one of the most natural navigation methods available for VR. However, while virtual worlds can take up vast amounts of space, the physical space the user can walk in is limited. Redirected walking seeks to alleviate this limitation by letting the user walk in a virtual environment that is larger than the physical tracking space available by decoupling the mapping of the user’s real and virtual movements.In this paper, we describe an experiment system that evaluates peoples’ ability to accurately turn at different levels of rotation gain. We further report on a commissioning experiment that tests the functioning of this research system. Specifically, we asked participants to rotate in two virtual environments, a minimal scene and a visually complex scene, with different levels of induced gain and repeat this task, as a control in the physical world, with their eyes open and then closed. It was found that participants rotated less at higher gain levels, especially in the complex scene.
PELATIHAN APLIKASI “KAHOOT” SEBAGAI MEDIA DALAM PROSES DAN EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN BAGI PARA GURU BAHASA JERMAN DI SMA NEGERI 6 AMBON

The use of educational game-based media in general has not been implemented in schools in Ambon city. Even though in the digital era 4.0 educators are required to be able to use educational game-based media in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to provide German teachers in Ambon City at the SMA / SMK level with training on the use of technology in the learning process, one of which is the "Kahoot" Application Training as Media in Learning Process and Evaluation for German Language Teachers at SMA Negeri 6 Ambon. The community service team carries out training activities with the aim of training the use of educational game-based media in the learning process and evaluation. Community service activities are carried out through demonstration methods and direct practice in making learning media using the kahoot application. This activity was attended by German teachers in Ambon City. The end result of this service activity is the production of an educational game-based media (Kahoot) in the learning process and evaluation. This media can be used as an alternative in improving the skills of teachers in the process and evaluation of learning
Developing a quantitative measure of social privilege to inform the design of blockchain governance mechanisms and voting systems

This paper proposes a novel voting system that incorporates an intersectional Privilege Index to address social inequalities and power imbalances that often lead to marginalized groups being underrepresented in the political sphere. The Privilege Index is a composite measure that takes into account various factors, such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, and education, which contribute to an individual’s social privilege. By incorporating this index into the voting process, the proposed blockchain-based system aims to counteract the effects of systemic inequalities and ensure that underrepresented groups have a more significant impact on the outcome of elections and other democratic processes. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the proposed Privilege Index-based voting system, outlining its design, potential benefits, and associated ethical, legal, and practical challenges. The system incorporates zero-knowledge proofs to protect the privacy of citizens’ personal information and assigns a vote token based on the Privilege Index score. During the voting process, citizens burn their vote tokens to cast their ballots, and the final results are determined by the sum of the token values for each candidate or option. Despite the potential benefits of the Privilege Index-based voting system, it also raises several ethical, legal, and practical challenges that must be carefully considered, such as accuracy of the Privilege Index, privacy concerns, potential for manipulation, legal and ethical considerations, and practical challenges. This paper examines these challenges and presents strategies for mitigating them to ensure a fair and inclusive democratic process.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPAS KELAS IV

This study aims to improve science learning outcomes through the Problem Based Learning learning model. This type of research is Class Action Research where the research subject is class IV C of SD Negeri Rejosari 01, totaling 26 students. While the object in this study is the learning outcomes of the science content. The research data used is in the form of qualitative data and quantitative data. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that learning using the Problem Based Learning learning model can improve student learning outcomes. The learning outcomes in the pre-cycle showed that the level of mastery of learning outcomes was 15 students or 57.70% of the 26 students. In cycle 1 the level of mastery of student learning outcomes increased to 19 students or 73.07% of 26 students. Furthermore, in cycle II the level of mastery of student learning outcomes increased to 23 students or 88.46% of 26 students. This research was said to be successful because it had achieved a completeness indicator, namely ≥ 80% of the class average with KKM ≥ 70.