Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality: A Game-Changer for Pre-Service Teacher Preparation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of augmented reality applications in the Diploma Program Educational Technology course on students' academic achievement and attitudes towards these applications. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest was utilized on an experimental group and a control group. In addition, the experimental group completed the attitude scale prior to and after the implementation of the AR instructional program. The participants consisted of 99 male and female students from two sections the mentioned course. Through random assignment, the experimental group (50 students) received instruction using AR applications, while the control group (49 students) was taught using traditional methods. The collected data were analyzed statistically using ANCOVA, and the results showed statistically significant differences at a significance level of 0.05 (a) between the experimental and control groups in the achievement test, indicating a positive effect of using AR applications in teaching in favor of the experimental group. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found in the attitude scale for the experimental group, favoring the post-application phase, indicating positive attitudes towards AR applications. The study recommends the integration of AR applications in university courses for Diploma students according to their specializations. Furthermore, it recommends conducting training courses for Diploma students and educators to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application of technological tools in teaching.
Blind Face Restoration via Multi-head Cross-attention and Generative Priors

In the real world, blind face restoration from face images with unknown degradation is a challenging problem. Directly training deep neural networks often fails to achieve reasonable results due to unknown severe degradations. Existing methods based on generative models produce good results but produce restoration results with overly smooth textures or unnatural overall structures. To address this, we propose a novel approach that combines the strengths of convolutional neural networks and Multi-head Cross-attention. Initially, we employ ResNet50 to generate preliminary W+ latent vectors and multi-resolution scale feature maps. We then enhance the multi-scale feature map using cross attention in a Transformer-based feature match module. This process improves the correlation between spatial features and intermediate semantic features of generativa priors, enhances the distance dependence among different semantic features, and extend latent space to improve semantic expressiveness. We also leverage pre-trained GANs to enhance image reconstruction and introduce an FFT-based frequency-domain loss function to pay more attention to high-frequency features. Experiments show that our model outperforms existing Blind Face Restoration methods in both objective metrics and subjective quality comparisons, especially when restoring severely degraded images in real-world scenarios, resulting in visually realistic results.
Effects of Social Conditions in a Virtual Exergame for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis

Rehabilitation is essential for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) to improve their quality of life and mitigate the progression of the disease. Cognitive deficits, which commonly affect MS patients, significantly impact daily functioning and well-being. This paper focuses on the development of a digital version of the Tangram puzzle using virtual reality (VR) to promote logical reasoning, attention, and social interactions to enhance engagement in cognitive rehabilitation for MS patients. The developed simulation integrates social presence in the form of a non-playable character (NPC) intending to improve player performance and motivation to ultimately promote engagement and adherence to treatment. A user study involving different game modes with the NPC in either a supporting or interfering role, was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of the Tangram VR exergame. After collecting and analyzing questionnaire scores and performance data, our results suggest that the application was well-received by users, and the introduction of an NPC had an impact in terms of execution times and sense of frustration, depending on its behaviour. Nonetheless, only a limited set of significant differences between modes was found, suggesting that further study is necessary to validate the results fully.
ARMA Graph Filter Design by Least Squares Method Using Reciprocal Polynomial and Second-order Factorization

Graph filtering plays a pivotal role in the domain of graph signal processing. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for designing autoregressive moving average (ARMA) graph filters. Our method is built upon classical least squares (LS) techniques. A reciprocal polynomial is introduced, making the resulting problem more tractable. To address stability concerns, a second-order factorization of the denominator polynomial is further incorporated. We develop an alternating optimization approach to tackle the design problem, where numerator coefficients, coefficients of the denominator’s second-order factors (SOCs), and those of its reciprocal polynomial are updated alternately. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing graph filter design methods in terms of design accuracy.
Pixel-Level Segmentation of Handwritten and Printed Texts in Document Images with Deep Learning

Handwritten and printed texts are often mixed in some document images such as test papers, prescriptions, historical manuscripts, etc. It is essential to differentiate between handwritten and printed texts within images when performing tasks related to layout analysis, character recognition, and transcription of historical documents. Most of the previous approaches to this segmentation problem need a priori knowledge of the page layout to accurately separate characters, lines, or other text units. They are therefore not well suited to variable layouts. To overcome the requirement of a priori knowledge, this paper presents a pixel-level approach that introduces a deep learning model to distinguish between handwritten and printed texts. Considering that many deep learning models tend to lose valuable information of details, e.g., handwritten texts between the lines of printed texts, small texts, we choose the U-Net model to better preserve those fine-grained features. In addition, a few specific image enhancement techniques are employed. Median filtering is used on the original image to remove background shadows, resulting in an improved image quality; a connected component analysis algorithm is applied to the U-Net segmentation outcomes, enhancing the consistency and clarity of strokes of the recognized texts. Experimental evaluations were conducted on a dataset of test paper images. Among five popular semantic segmentation models, our segmentation approach proves to be the most effective, achieving a high Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) score of 97.54%.
Artificial Intelligence from Its Origins Via Today to the Future

A discipline that is, as we have already seen in the last chapter, strongly related to the study of consciousness is artificial intelligence (AI). It has developed dramatically, particularly in recent years, in fact so dramatically that we can get scared when going intellectually a little more deeply into it. Not less than 30 years ago, in 1993, the mathematician Vernor Vinge published the prediction that “within 30 years we will have the technological means to create superhuman intelligence”. Superhuman intelligence is an intelligence that is much smarter than the best human brain in every field, including general wisdom, scientific creativity, and social skills. It must thus be seen as a strong AI.﻿ 30 years after the statement by Vernor Vinge there is still a long way to go before fully making computers super-intelligent. Nevertheless, the development of AI has been amazing in recent years in a manifold of applications.﻿
Roadmap for Simulating Quantum Circuits Utilising IBM’s Qiskit Library: Programming Approach

This paper explains the roadmap for running quantum circuit programs based on the Qiskit library in quantum simulators as well as real cloud-based IBM quantum computers. Qiskit is a free and open-source software development platform based on the Python programming language that is used in quantum programming. Qiskit acts as a link between quantum computing’s theoretical foundations and the practical aspects of programming and experimentation. It also allows users to experiment with and develop quantum algorithms, as well as simulate and execute them on simulators and real-world cloud-based quantum devices. It also simplifies the quantum programming process and allows a diverse range of people to participate in the exciting world of quantum computing. The paper, on the other hand, provides the mathematical foundation for analyzing quantum circuits and algorithms using linear algebra principles, as they provide the tools needed to describe and manipulate quantum states and operations. Furthermore, the paper shows quantum circuit design and implementation using real Qiskit codes.
Use of Smart Mobile and Web Application Kobotoolbox/ Kobocollect for Community Health Diagnosis: Sharing Experience from the Remote Area of Nepal

Community Health Diagnosis (CHD) is part of teaching-learning activities at medical and public health schools to recognize the health-related issues in the community, identify social and other problems in depth, and find solutions by shaking hands with community people. Every year, the household survey is conducted by medical, nursing, and public health students as a part of CHD. Our experiences revealed that the student faces several challenges while using paper-based data collection and management during CHD. To overcome such challenges, we used a web-based and smart mobile application called KoboToolbox/KoboCollect to conduct household surveys in CHD in remote areas of Nepal for the first time. Our experience suggests that mobile-based Applications can be used conveniently in CHD which saves time and money for students as well as for schools and can conserve the environment trees. Those students who are not familiar with smart technology need to be trained before using this app.
Discussion of the Results

This chapter discusses and concludes the results of the experiments conducted in chapter 5.
Smart-locking Up Women: Internet of Things (IoT) perpetration in domestic violence

We are using more and more smart internet-connected products, and we will soon live insmart neighbourhoods and drive smart cars. As the usage of these technologies expands,people are getting exposed to new forms of cybercrime, including gender-basedcybercrimes. Specific accounts are emerging of domestic violence using the Internet ofThings (IoT) network as means of perpetration.Intersectional feminism offers a fertile framework in which to think about the issue ofsurveillance through IoT in the home and on bodies. Legal and normative cybercrimeframeworks are however still neutral to specific online or technology facilitated forms ofcrimes affecting women because of their gender. The Istanbul Convention, especially theConvention’s first General Recommendation could serve as a basis to ‘gender’ cybercrime frameworks.
Tiskarski znak (signet) digitalizirane građe u Nacionalnoj i sveučilišnoj knjižnici u Zagrebu

Printer’s mark (signet) is a trademark that the printer printed on books and with which it can be identified. As a typographic feature of a printer’s/individual title, it appears already in the very beginnings of printing. In addition to the role of an identifier, its function was also protection against forgeries, since the printing of books was an expensive and complex process, but also communicative as documents, information, visual representation or messages expressed through symbolic representation. Since the 16th century, when the title page took on its present-day features, typographical element is almost always found in the same place - centered in the middle of the page below the title and author’s name, and above the name of the printer, the place and year of printing, as well as the permission to print ( if it is stated), and the motifs that appear in artistic expression are diverse. The authors of the printer’s mark are mostly unknown, so it is assumed that they were mostly printers. After a historical review of the earliest appearance of printing marks in Croatia and Europe, and a presentation of some of the printing marks of the most important European printers, paper presents research on printer’s marks carried out on digitized Croatica (works by Croatian authors, works printed in Croatia, works that talk about Croatia and Croats) on a sample of 44 units of library materials stored in the fund of the National and University Library in Zagreb printed in Latin letters, from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the printer’s mark as a rare or almost non-existent independent subject of research among Croatian scholars, due to its importance in the study of book history. The research brings the names of the printers of works by Croatian authors (Croatica), the systematization of printing marks grouped into 9 groups according to artistic motifs, as well as information on the existence of mottos. The idea of ambiguity of the name of a printing mark, which as such should be associated with a certain book in a situation where printers continuously use the same mark for all works, is also put forward, which indicates that the printing mark assumes the function of a logo.
Vocabulary Size and Learners’ Performance across Levels of Text Comprehension: A Case of First-Year Students at the University of Dodoma

This study examined the relationship between vocabulary size and learners’ performance across the three levels of text comprehension among 230 first-year students from three programmes in the University of Dodoma (UDOM). The Vocabulary Size Test (VST) by Nation and Beglar (2007) and a Reading Test were used to answer three questions: (1) What is the vocabulary size of the sampled first-year university students at UDOM? (2) What is the performance of the sampled first-year university students across the three levels of text comprehension? (3) What is the relationship between the students’ vocabulary size and their performance across the levels of text comprehension? The results showed that, on average, the students did not have adequate vocabulary size required to understand authentic texts; they had a moderate reading comprehension at the literal level while their comprehension of texts at inferential and critical levels was relatively low. The results depicted a strong positive relationship between vocabulary size and each level of text comprehension. Regression analysis indicated that vocabulary size was powerful enough to predict performance at each level of text comprehension. Therefore, it is suggested that university students should be assisted to promote their vocabulary size as the latter has an impact on text comprehension and university academic success.
Pengembangan Konten Interaktif untuk E-Learning di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan

This research focuses on developing interactive media content for an e-learning course, specifically designed for teachers at Pandu Pertiwi Foundation. The objective is to equip them with tools to create engaging Zen-based learning presentations. The methodology adopted is Research and Development (R&amp;D) using the ADDIE model, modified to include analysis, design, development, and implementation stages. During the development stage, the content underwent two cycles of evaluation by experts in material, learning design, and learning media. The implementation stage involved trials with three teachers, representing the end-users, to assess the content's suitability and applicability. The findings from these expert and user trials demonstrate that the H5P interactive content developed is practical and suitable for use in educational settings, offering valuable insights into the effective use of interactive media in e-learning environments.
Factors Influencing Physical Activity among Korean Adolescents after COVID-19 Epidemic : Focusing on Mental Health-related Factors

Objectives: This study is a descriptive research study to identify factors affecting physical activity of Korean adolescents after COVID-19. Method: The data were from the 18th(2022) online survey on adolescent health behavior was used, and data from a total of 51,850 people attending middle and high school were used in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using frequency, weighted percentage, χ²test, and logistic regression analysis using the complex sample analysis module of the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Result: As a result of the study, 23.8% of adolescents had good physical activity, and most adolescents had poor physical activity, Factors affecting adolescents’ physical activity include general characteristics such as gender(p<.001), grade(p<.001), academic performance(p=.014), economic status(p<.001), and residence type (p=.001), and mental health-related factors included perceived stress(p<.001), depression(p<.001), and loneliness experience(p=.029). Conclusion: After COVID-19 epidemic, Adolescent health promotion strategies are needed to promote mental health management and increase physical activity, including reducing stress and depression among Korean Adolescent.
A Qualitative Study on the Teaching Development of Early Childhood Teacher

This study was conducted to analyze the teaching development of early childhood teachers. In order to analyze the teaching development process of early childhood teachers, five early childhood teachers were selected as research participants. Data were collected and analyzed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions, including three questions about the stage before entering the teaching profession, four questions about the stage after entering the teaching profession, and three questions about the future. The primary outcomes from the research are as follows: First, early childhood teachers were found to have chosen the teaching profession for various reasons and made efforts in various ways to enhance their qualifications as teachers in colleges of education. Second, early childhood teachers were full of excitement and anticipation after entering the teaching profession, but on the other hand, they also faced psychological contraction and difficulties in the teaching process. However, they overcame these issues with consolation and support from their families and fellow teachers. Third, it was found that many early childhood teachers were not considering promotion and were aiming to become teachers who positively influence young children. The outcomes of this study suggest that the teaching development of early childhood teachers takes place in an active and complex structure.
A Study on the Activation Strategies of the 119 Youth Corps Organization: Focusing on the Perceptions of Teachers and Firefighters

This study investigated and analyzed the awareness of the necessity for the activation of the youth organization the “Korea 119 Youth Corps,” focusing on educators and firefighting officials actively involved in its operation. A total of 350 individuals were surveyed, and data were collected from a final sample of 321 participants (153 educators and 168 firefighting officials), considering gender and professional experience. Analysis of the survey results revealed a significant difference in the perception of the necessity of youth organizations between educators and firefighting officials (p &lt; 0.001, t = 8.77). Educators had a higher awareness of the necessity, although both groups consistently exhibited negative opinions, regardless of their professional experience. Based on this, and aiming for a group with a relatively positive perspective on the future activation policy of the Korea 119 Youth Corps, the following is proposed: first, it is necessary to seek out the opinions of educators and request their cooperation; and second, it is important to consider avenues for providing numerous firefighting officials with opportunities to gain coaching experience.
Pengaruh Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematik dan Motivasi Belajar terhadap Numerasi Siswa Kelas 4 SD

Numeration has an important role in the future of students. Train students' basic numeracy skills from an early age to prepare the next generation. The motivational boost factor in learning is one of the things that needs to be raised in learning efforts at school. The type of research used is quantitative research. The population of this study was 33 grade 4 students at SDN Sindanglaka Cianjur Regency. The student motivation questionnaire instrument for learning motivation is 25 statements, while problem-solving or problem-solving uses 2 questions. The dependent variable is numeracy ability in grade 4 elementary school, with the form of a test instrument as many as 2 questions. The results of the study concluded that there was no influence of mathematical problem-solving ability and learning motivation on numeracy in grade 4 students at SDN Sindanglaka. Because the application of numeracy in schools has just been implemented in the independent curriculum students do not understand numeracy.
Exploring Reorganition of Major Competency System Based on Analysis of Needs of Pre-service Early Childhood Teacher

The purpose of this study is exploring ways to reorganize the major competency system based on the analysis of students’ needs for the 7 major competencies set by the Early Childhood Education Department of A University. To this end, a survey was conducted targeting all pre-service teachers attending the Department of Early Childhood Education at A University. To analyze responses of 76 people, the t-test, Borich needs assessment, and The Locus for Focus Model were used, and based on this, the priorities of major competencies were derived. There were three main results: 1) Field practice competency and subject teaching expertise were derived as the top priority competency in all years. 2) As for global competency, the discrepancy between the importance and the current level narrowed in the higher years, but the relative importance is not high. 3) Interpersonal relationship and cooperation competency, teachers' knowledge and empathy competency had high importance. Based on the research results, the need for 1) operation of practical on-site competency-oriented curriculum, 2) expansion of the concept of global competency, and 3) continuous emphasis on personality and aptitude competency was discussed.