블록체인 기반 연구데이터 플랫폼 구축 방안

The demand for research data sharing and utilization increases. As digital technology develops, research data production and accumulation speed increases, and as convergence research and joint research increase worldwide, demand for sharing and utilization of research data increases. Although there is a research data platform, it is not well shared and utilized. Attempts to solve existing problems increase by incorporating blockchain into research data platforms. Blockchain has been attracting attention as a key technology of the fourth industrial revolution, and the introduction of blockchain to ensure data transparency and integrity in untacted services, which have recently been drawing attention due to Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to identify the areas where blockchain can contribute to sharing and utilizing research data, and to present a plan to build a blockchain-based research data platform. We propose five methods for building blockchain-based research data platforms. First, operators set the purpose and scope of the demand-based research data platform. Existing research data platforms did not reflect different demands by the research field. 1) Demand discovery, 2) demand clarification and typification, and 3) selection of target research field are necessary for determining Blockchain-based research data platform purpose and scope. Incentive structures must be in place to clearly distinguish the roles of the public from the private sector in the research data platform and to allow the private sector to participate in the public research data platform. Second, considering the characteristics of blockchain, application areas should be selected first and the operating system should be prepared. There are issues related to sharing and utilizing research data that are difficult to solve with blockchain, such as difficulty in collecting research data and lack of standardized research data. The blockchain implementation area should be selected based on 1) the possibility of research data collection, 2) degree of standardization, 3) capacity, and production speed. Blockchain specialized data curation that can manage research data quality is needed. Third, the possibility of implementing blockchain technology should be considered. For sharing and utilizing research data, specific blockchain technologies or services should be identified. It can be used while protecting personal information through DID and zero-knowledge proof. Cloud-based distributed storage technology enables storing and transmitting large amounts of research data. Comparison of hash values can fundamentally prevent the falsification of research data. Smart contracts can reduce sharing costs and support an incentive system. Fourth, social acceptability should be expanded by improving perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The social acceptability of blockchain-based research data platforms is low. It is necessary to develop services that are differentiated from existing platforms and continue to develop technologies until the number of users reaches critical mass. UX/UI development is needed to increase usability. Lastly, it is necessary to come up with measures to support the development, distribution, and management of blockchain services. It is difficult for small and medium-sized companies to cover the cost of building blockchain services. Public blockchain infrastructure support services are needed so that companies or institutions can develop, distribute, and manage blockchain services. For example, China Blockchain Service Network (BSN) supports local Internet networks and cloud services so that companies or institutions can develop standardized blockchain services.