Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Index Method of Unstructured Data in Power System Based on Improved B+ Tree

With the continuous development of smart grid online monitoring systems, the power system has accumulated a large amount of unstructured data. These data have the characteristics of diverse formats, inconsistent rules, and difficulty in establishing data indexes. B+ tree index is currently a widely used indexing technology. The traditional B+ tree index structure can only index numeric or character data but cannot index unstructured data. Given the characteristics of a large amount of unstructured data in the power system, this article proposes a method for indexing unstructured data in the power system based on an improved B+ tree, that is, the introduction of the hierarchical index method is based on the B+ tree index Structure and construct a two-level hybrid index structure. The first layer of the two-layer hybrid index structure constructs the index of the unstructured data entity class, and the second layer constructs the index of the unstructured data knowledge graph according to the corresponding attribute value of the first layer data entity class. Experimental results show that the indexing method can meet the needs of unstructured data indexing and retrieval in power systems.
Cloud Security: Data Security and Privacy Protection for Cloud Storages

The new development trends including the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, enterprise's digital transformation the world’s digital economy is at the top of the tide. The continuous growth of data storage pressure drives the fast development of the entire storage market on account of huge data generated. By providing data storage and conduct, cloud storage system becomes an important part of the new period. Such a large amount of data can create great wealth. There are some studies on data security and privacy protection, there is still a lack of regular surveys on the subject in a cloud storage system. we first make an overview of cloud storage, including definition, classification, architecture, applications. Secondly, we give a detailed research of the requirements of data security and privacy protection in cloud storage systems. Thirdly, data encryption technologies and protection methods are summarized. Finally, we talk about open research topics of data security for cloudstorage.
Digital and decolonial diffractions of race and materiality for (post)pandemic education

What kind of education becomes possible when we allow ourselves to imagine difference differently? How can ‘we’ as a community of practitioners and scholars rethink ontological and epistemological constructions in ways that meaningfully address race in digital education as a world-making device; even as we build its future-present? What thinking strategies can afford powerful ways to re/engage with what education is in post-pandemic times? This chapter draws on Karen Barad’s notion of diffraction (2007) and Achille Mbembe’s becoming-black (2017) to engage with such questions, examining ‘the processes of difference differing,’ (van der Tuin, 2014) in emergent forms of digital pedagogy. In summary, this chapter works at the intersection of post-humanism, critical race theory, decoloniality, artistic research, and HE pedagogy to critically discuss what twenty-first century digital pedagogies might be able to do if those that build and use them foreground onto-epistemic (Barad, 2007) discussions as they do so.
On relieving aging vocalizations of famous trot singers by sound massage

Most of the songs of famous trot singers sing folk songs of sorrow, and their popularity has continued for decades. However, aged singing voices feel flat and monotonous compared to the loud singing voices of their prime. In order to improve aging vocalizations, it is sometimes used to calm the mind and body through ingestion of a tonic or neck massage. However, as the singing voice ages, the spectrum bandwidth gradually decreases, and the chords of the voices become simpler, so listeners do not feel the magnificence of the songs well. In this paper, a new method of relieving the aging characteristics of famous singers through sound massage of sound mug cups is proposed. In other words, based on the past vocalizations of famous trot singers, the singing spectrum was restored in its prime by reflecting the singing waveform from the mug cup and massaging the inner epithelium of the vocal cords. Although the bandwidth of a famous trot singer's voice has been reduced by –27% for 30 years when the proposed sound cup massage is applied, the aging spectrum is restored by more than 90% compared to the heyday, and most of the chords in the song come to life.
The Current Status of Applying E-Learning Quality Standards from the Perspective of Faculty Members at Arab American University

The study aimed to identify the current status of applying e-learning quality standards at the Arab American University from the point of view of faculty members, and to what extent average means differ according to the different demographic variables. To achieve this, the descriptive analytical method was used, and (211) members were randomly selected, who represented (45.4%) of the study population (465) faculty members working at the Arab American university. A questionnaire consisting of (39) items covering (3) dimensions (the lecturer’s role in using e-learning system, the quality of e-learning system, the role of the university administration in the quality of e-learning system) was used after testing its validity and reliability. After the descriptive statistical analysis, the results showed that the average means of the study sample towards the current status of applying the quality standards of e-learning at the university received a high degree. There were also statistically significant differences in the gender variable in favor of females; in qualification in favor of PhD holders; and in experience in favor of (more than 10 years). The study concluded with a number of recommendations, including developing and innovating new methods of evaluation suitable for the e-learning system, providing all kinds of support to faculty members, and relieving the psychological stress faced during the e-learning process.
When Mathematical Model of Digital Image Sensor Can Be Not Correct: A Methodological Consideration

This research reveals methodological reasons underlying regular appearance of incorrect mathematical models of digital image sensor in academic literature.
Multi-criteria Group Decision-making Method Based on Expert Trust Network and Cloud Model

Aiming at the fuzzy weight of experts, the complexity of objects and the fuzziness of human thinking in the process of multi-criteria group decision-making, this paper proposed to use expert trust network and cloud model operators to realize the comprehensive evaluation decision-making based on linguistic variables. Firstly, the linguistic evaluation information of linguistic term sets are transformed into corresponding numerical information, which are transformed into corresponding cloud models. At the same time, the expert weight is calculated iteratively by using expert trust network. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation index is obtained by the CWAA operator.
Analisis Penerapan Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (Sak Etap) Pada Pondok Pesantren

In the process of preparing financial statements, there are components used, consisting of a general cash book, income, expenses, and income statement. donations from guardians of students or other people, and assistance from the regional/central government. The sources of income for Islamic boarding schools are boarding fees, convenience store fees, canteen fees, TKQ/TPQ tuition fees, and Madrasah Diniyah tuition fees. In this study, the researchers used the type of field research. The type of research in this research is descriptive qualitative. Descriptive research is research that is able to do business and can explain a symptom, event, event, which is happening. Descriptive research focuses its attention on actual problems as happens when conducting direct research. With this qualitative descriptive research, the researcher tries to explain the events or events where the central point is of concern without giving special treatment to the event. In preparing financial reports at the ****** Islamic Boarding School, making financial reports such as cash books, income and expenditure reports, Islamic boarding schools make simple financial reports, namely recording cash receipts and expenses where transactions are carried out at the pesantren. To record the financial statements of PONPES, it is carried out by the financial manager which will be signed by the leader, treasurer or secretary. This report is prepared as accountability for the activities that have been carried out and then submitted to the leadership of PONPES.
A Cognitive Linguistic Approach to Life Metaphor in Tetralogy Laskar Pelangi

This study aims at finding the use of life metaphors in tetralogy Laskar Pelangi (hereinafter TLP). Data were analyzed in the framework of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) by using a descriptive qualitative approach. We found 21 life metaphors in TLP and the finding shows that the conceptual metaphor of life as a target domain is mapped into several diverse source domains, and they are: life is a fluid in a container, life is a journey, life is a living organism, life is a precious possession, life is dedication to others, life is a struggle, life is guidance, life is war, and life is hard work. It can be concluded that TLP is rich with the use of metaphors in describing the cultural events of the Malays in detail. The way how the Malay master the problems in their lives, how they see and understand the world, is made clear by their language, which is reflected in conceptual metaphors. The results of this research support the idea that metaphors are not just rhetorical devices to say something more stylistically but they are conceptual in nature and its existence can be different in each culture.
An experimental scene dynamic perception algorithm for intelligent beaker

In middle school intelligent chemistry experiments, experimenters often perceive the scene information through Kinect and other fixed cameras. There is a serious occlusion problem, which makes this method almost infeasible. Therefore, this paper puts forward a research idea of setting a micro camera on the beaker for the first time. The main contribution of this work is to propose a 3D reconstruction algorithm of experimental scene based on mobile camera. The main innovation lies in the process of obtaining two images of the same laboratory scene from different angles through a moving binocular camera, then using the point cloud to reconstruct the three-dimensional shape of the experimental instrument in the scene and restore the spatial position information of the object. In order to reconstruct the experimental instrument information better in the chemical experiment scene, this paper integrates the model of transforming the picture from RGB to HSV based on the traditional binocular 3D reconstruction algorithm, which is also another innovation of this paper.
Our proposed method of universal design in informational graphics will greatly enhance understanding and improve scientific progress

Abstract Premise: Mythology tells us that once upon a time there existed a lingua universalis: the Edenic or Adamic language: it named all things, and was understood by everyone. The benefits of a universal language seem clear, as it prevents miscommunication and the consequent delays in understanding (and therefore progress). Sadly, that universal language is lost, and replaced by numerous other languages. If we all spoke the same language, a vast all-encompassing body of knowledge would become available to all, and enable us to understand ‘literally’ everyone and everything. This would propel scientific progress forward in a way hitherto unseen. Context: Meaning and symptoms of disorders are difficult to map to a brain function, but in the past, before brain stimulation existed, numerous attempts to construct some form of universal language were made, as seen in literary theory (for instance the works of Gottfried Leibniz and to a lesser extent Dalgarno & Wilkins) or evidenced in actual history (well-known examples are Esperanto and Interlingua). The fact that in our present time an estimated 6,500 languages are spoken tells us that these attempts have failed spectacularly. Latin attempted to be a lingua franca, but its use dwindled a few centuries ago. Problem: Replacing all of these languages by just one will be a gargantuan task, and probably impossible without the use of brute force, which we do not consider as civilized, and thus oppose. A first step towards a solution: The use of pictorial representations of reality transcends language as a viable way of conveying meaning and message. A good place to start is the Informational Graphic, and build further upon the work of Neurath and Arntz (the Vienna Method). We consider Brain Stimulation as a means to that end too. We will present our research and first results with confidence and enthusiasm. Keywords: language, understanding, progress
Research on Semantic Similarity of Short Text Based on Bert and Time Warping Distance

The research on semantic similarity of short text plays an important role in machine translation, emotion analysis, information retrieval and other AI business applications. However, according to existing short text similarity research, the characteristics of ambiguous vocabularies are difficult to be effectively analyzed, the solution of the problem caused by words order needs to be further optimized as well. This paper proposes a short text semantic similarity calculation method that combines BERT and time warping distance algorithm, in order to solve the problem of vocabulary ambiguity. The model first uses the pre trained Bert model to extract the semantic features of the short text from the whole level, and obtains a 768 dimensional short text feature vector. Then, it transforms the extracted feature vector into a point sequence in space, uses the CTW algorithm to calculate the time warping distance between the curves connected by the point sequence, and finally uses the weight function designed by the analysis, according to the smaller the time warpage distance is, the higher the degree of small similarity is, to calculate the similarity between short texts. The experimental results show that this model can mine the feature information of ambiguous words, and calculate the similarity of short texts with lexical ambiguity effectively. Compared with other models, it can distinguish the semantic features of ambiguous words more accurately.
Artificial Intelligence Supported Turkish University Virtual Assistant

Today, it is known that processes such as artificial intelligence, data mining and data processing are gaining more and more value. There are many algorithms and learning models in artificial intelligence processes. It is important that these models are selected according to the data that is desired to get the meaning, and also the data is prepared according to the model to be used in training. It is observed that artificial intelligence makes analytical approaches and facilitates and accelerates different studies in different sectors with automated structures, thus providing a significant savings in terms of cost and labor. These structures are making a name for themselves in different businesses and sectors, from recommendation systems to health services. Intelligent virtual assistants are at the forefront of these automated structures. Intelligent virtual assistants are also known as chatbots. In this study, a smart virtual assistant has been developed that can answer the most frequently asked questions about the university, such as department, fee, academic staff, transportation, and scholarship opportunities. For the data set to be used in the study, 387 different questions were collected from the frequently asked questions on the official websites of 70 different universities in Turkey. In addition to these questions, the dataset includes 4 daily speaking questions and a total of 391 different questions. In addition to the existing questions, variations of the questions were produced to strengthen the training data, and a total of 1236 questions were prepared. The most important difference of this study from similar smart virtual assistant applications is that it is specific to the Turkish language. Thanks to the flexibility of the platform, the developed smart virtual assistant can serve university students in the preferred period both through the mobile application and the website. It is thought that the performance of the smart virtual assistant, which was revealed within the scope of the study, can be increased by enriching the data set in the future and it can provide one-to-one counseling support to the students throughout the education process.
Formalising commitments using the event calculus

Smart Contracts enable the automated execution of exchanges on the blockchain. From an ontological perspective, smart contracts create and automate the fulfillment of social commitments between actors. Whereas traditional deontic logic is used to make a legal determination in contractual multi-actor interactions, we focus on the consequences of these actions resulting from that determination, thereby shifting the focus from monitoring to execution. The interactions between actors and the consequences in terms of commitments have not yet been formalized for smart contracts. The perspective of smart contracts is interesting, since they are considered to be autonomous agents, able to generate automated actions. We use the Event Calculus to formalize logic in order to represent and reason about the effects of these automated actions and the resulting commitments. Since the Event Calculus deals with local events and the consideration of time, this approach enables the uniform representation of commitments, including their operations and reasoning rules about them.
Robust Visual Tracking Based on Spatial Reliability Constraint

Because of the problem that the target is prone to drift in complex background, a robust tracking algorithm based on spatial reliability constraint is proposed. Firstly, the pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is used to extract the multi-layer deep features of the target, and the correlation filters are respectively trained on each layer to perform weighted fusion of the obtained response maps. Then, the reliability region information of the target is extracted through the high-level feature map, a binary matrix is obtained. Finally, the obtained binary matrix is used to constrain the search area of the response map, and the maximum response value in the area is the target position. In addition, in order to deal with the long-term occlusion problem, a random selection model update strategy with the first frame template information is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in dealing with similar background interference, occlusion, and other scenes.
E-learning and the Digital Divide Role in Transforming Higher Education in Sudan: An Exploratory Case Study Analysis

Purpose: This paper explores the factors and barriers to e-learning in Sudan from a digital divide perspective.Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on a mixed-method case studies approach.Employing an exploratory case study method, we explore the factors and barriers to e-learning and bridging the digital divide in Sudan and their ramifications on the development of higher education in Sudan.The paper employs the following models and theories from e-learning and the digital divide perspective: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA).It does this through an overarching model termed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT).The paper studies the following factors from the above models and theories: e-learning performance expectancy, e-learning effort expectancy, e-learning social influence, e-learning facilitating conditions, price value, and behaviour intention. Findings:The study shows that Sudan has excellent opportunities to develop through the e-learning sector, especially given recent global pandemics such as COVID-19.Nonetheless, there is a strong need to investigate factors such as Internet self-efficacy and price value for the development and growth of e-learning in Sudan. Original contribution of the paper:The paper explores the role of e-learning and the digital divide in higher education development in Sudan.Previous work has studied the digital divide and higher education in other Middle East and North Africa (MENA) sub-regions and countries but not in Sudan; they also excluded the above-stated factors and barriers.Research limitations/implications: The paper could have pursued further research with a larger sample size and used both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to further analyse Sudan's current e-learning environment.Practical implications: The paper's practical importance is that it lays the ground for further investigation into the development of e-learning systems in Sudan.Considering the digital divide in Sudan, there is a need to evaluate the development and usage of e-learning systems in Sudan from an holistic perspective, shedding light on both the supply side and the demand side of how e-learning is developing and shaping higher education in Sudan.
Impact of FDI Inflow in Agriculture at Rural Development on Economic Growth, Rwanda

This study tests the relationship between Rwandan economic growth with FDI in agriculture, employment in agriculture, and population in rural area between 1990 and 2017. The paper used ARDL “bounds” test method to analyze the co-integration with the constant level relationship of variables. Co-integration coefficients they are estimated by ARDLs model where short run coefficients with the ECM model they are estimated after the verification of long runs (co-integration) equilibrium relationship of economic growth within variables. We find that Rwandan economic growth is depends to foreign direct investment at the present time while agriculture has become a growth engine for economic development. Causality goes from population of rural areas for economic growth, while FDI and employment in agriculture has no causal relationship with economic growth. The paper recommends that Rwanda should have the absorptive capabilities of advanced agriculture technology to fully utilize of FDI benefit. Rwandan's government should promote policies in macroeconomic in order to encourage the FDIs, as well as promoting economic growth in agriculture.