Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Mobile Application based Sign Language System for Hearing and Speech Impaired People

The primary obstacle faced by individuals who have hearing or speech impairments when interacting with others is communication. Successful communication necessitates the participation of all participants. Learning sign language isn’t easy, and developing and practicing conversation skills takes time. This imposes a problem for the hearing and speech impaired people for communicating with others. Hence, this project aims to create a mobile app that facilitates bi-directional communication among individuals with hearing and speech disabilities. There are two phases in the project – (i) Sign language to text conversion and (ii) Audio to sign language conversion. During the process of converting sign language to text, a camera is used to capture an image of the sign language input. From these images, the characters are predicted by the neural network and the corresponding text is displayed. For the audio to sign language phase, the audio is taken from the microphone and given to the google speech API. The speech is converted into text format. The text output is compared with the data given in the database that contains Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) files and the particular text in GIF. The sign language to text and audio to sign language are both interfaced in the app. The app can perform both the case based on the requirement of the people.
Real time Air Writing and Recognition of Tamil Characters with voice integration using deep learning

In this paper, a real time air writing and recognition system for Tamil alphabets using deep learning has been proposed. Air-writing is writing characters in the free space using fingers. The trajectory of the air written characters is mapped by using Media Pipe Function. The obtained trajectory is then pre-processed and given to Dense Net 121 which is a type of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model widely used for pattern matching along with the dataset from HP labs which contains 18215 images for 11 uyir ezhuthugal, 18 mei ezhuthugal,5 vada mozhi ezhuthugal and 1 aayudha ezhuthu. The model which is trained and obtained a maximum training and validation accuracy of 83.58% and 93.53% respectively with minimum training and validation loss of 478.45% and 19.7% respectively with F1 score of 0.9355.
Kalman Filter based Optimized Object Tracker with Auto-tuning of Process Noise Covariance Parameter and Performance Verification

Object tracking is a critical task in many computer vision and robotics applications. Kalman filters are commonly used for tracking, but their performance can be significantly improved by optimizing the tuning parameters of the system. In this article, an optimized Kalman filter object tracking approach is presented that automatically utilizes an algorithm to find the best tuning parameter for the filter. This article demonstrates how the Kalman filter can be improved by selecting an appropriate and proper process noise covariance matrix, and the verification of the chosen parameter is shown using sensitivity and robustness metrics. Firstly, an algorithm over a simple one dimensional tracking subject and also the proposed approach is evaluated on several standard object tracking systems. The results show that Kalman Filter with the correct process noise covariance is reliable even with low computation power compared to other methods in terms of tracking accuracy and robustness.
Still technology acceptance model Reborn with exostructure as a service model

Uncertainty and optimisation are challenges that IT infrastructure medium-sized enterprises have to balance due to their limited resources but are forced to digitalise in order to sustain competitiveness. This blended technique using a survey, interview, and focus group with a dual-data test-retest sequential design approach limits grey views and inferences. The study discovered that while many idled infrastructures were invested without much commercial justification and a negative return on investment, IT infrastructure implementation is resilient to market conditions. With the EaaS model, it questions the dated usefulness of technology acceptance model by proposing a new adaptable internal IT infrastructure model that will scale accordingly with business performance. EaaS utilised BOINC freeware grid computing centralised processing and storage features, contributed to improved enterprise's efficiency by enhancing positive financials in the enterprises via enabling better inter-department work coordination hence improving user satisfaction and stronger brand recognition. Practical and theoretical implications are subsequently discussed.
Hyperparameter Tuning with Scikit-Learn and PySpark

In this chapter, we investigate the subject of hyperparameter tuning. This is a critical step in machine learning that involves finding the optimal set of hyperparameters for a given algorithm. Hyperparameters are parameters that are set before the learning process begins and affect the behavior and performance of the model.
The educational effect of field-based problem-solving classes: With a focus on design thinking and chatbot GPT

Objectives This study aimed to examine the effects of design thinking and chatbot GPT on social problem-solving ability, communication ability, learning participation, and learning satisfaction of pre teachers in a class to solve problems in the actual education fields.&#x0D; Methods To this end, 55 pre teachers who were taking the course of sociology of education at a university in S city, Gyeonggi-do, were targeted. The measurements for the educational effect were conducted before and after the experiment. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and jamovi 2.3 programs.&#x0D; Results The field-based problem-solving class using design thinking and chatbot GPT was found to have a stat-istically significant effect on social problem-solving ability, communication ability, learning participation, and learning satisfaction of pre teachers.&#x0D; Conclusions This study suggests that design thinking and chatbot GPT can help pre teachers develop their com-petencies as teachers. Furthermore, this study can be a meaningful foundation for education using conversational AI.
Mediating effect of Empathic ability on the Relationship between Self-leadership and Happiness of Early Childhood teachers

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of self-leadership and empathic ability required of early childhood teachers on happiness and what mediating role empathic ability plays in the relationship be-tween self-leadership and happiness of early childhood teachers.&#x0D; Methods A questionnaire survey of 175 early childhood teachers in G city on self-leadership, happiness, and em-pathy of early childhood teachers was conducted and data were subjected to frequency, percentage, correlation analysis and mediated regression analysis.&#x0D; Results It was found that there was a correlation between early childhood teachers' self-leadership, empathy, and happiness, and early childhood teachers' self-leadership had a positive effect on empathy, happiness, and static impact. It was found that early childhood teachers' empathy partially mediated the relationship between self-leadership and happiness.&#x0D; Conclusions For the efficient operation of the currently implemented child and play-oriented nuri-curriculum, it is required to develop and implement various teacher training programs that can enhance infant teachers' self-leadership, empathy, and happiness.
An Analysis of the Effect of Mathematical Communication Promotion Program on Mathematical Attitude and Academic Achievement of High School Students in Humanities

Objectives The fundamental purpose of this study wass to promote mathematical attitudes and academic ach-ievement as a mathematical communication promotion program for high school students.&#x0D; Methods The researcher studied 60 second graders at 00 High School. 00 High School was located in 00 Metropolitan City. Two classes were selected as midterm grades for the second semester of the second grade, divided into one research class and one control class, and 13 classes were conducted for about two months from October 9 to December 12, 2020. And the amount of learning was done together. The research group (30 people) was taught using a mathematical communication improvement program, and the control group (30 people) was taught based on traditional explanatory-oriented textbooks.&#x0D; Results Through these studies, the following results were obtained. First, in this study, mathematical attitudes and academic achievement could be improved by setting learning contents for each unit and applying mathemat-ical communication promotion programs to classes. Second, classes using mathematical communication promo-tion programs were effective in mathematical attitudes and academic achievement when compared to classes based on traditional explanatory textbooks for upper, middle, and lower-ranked students. Third, in classes using mathematical communication promotion programs, low-ranking students who were neglected in math classes were also interested in the class and actively participated in it, showing improvement in academic achievement.&#x0D; Conclusions In conclusion, the research class taught using a mathematical communication promotion program had a significant effect on mathematical attitudes and academic achievement compared to the control class.
Relations of Self-Directed Learning Ability, Professor-Student Interaction, e-Learning Service Satisfaction &amp; Repurchase Intention, and College Life Adjustment of Nursing Students

Objectives This study is a descriptive survey research for understanding the relations of self-directed learning ability, professor-student interaction, e-learning service satisfaction &amp; repurchase intention, and college life ad-justment of nursing students.&#x0D; Methods For five days from April 26 to April 30, 2021, a survey was conducted targeting total 145 second-year nursing students(four-year-course-college) in a region. The IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 Program was used for data analysis.&#x0D; Results The subjects’ overall scores were shown as 3.36 out of 5 for self-directed learning ability, 3.76 for pro-fessor-student interaction, 3.17 for e-learning service satisfaction &amp; repurchase intention, and 3.54 for college life adjustment. In the results of analyzing the correlations between variables, the self-directed learning ability showed positive correlations with professor-student interaction(r=.420, p&lt;.001), e-learning service satisfaction &amp; repurchase intention(r=.225, p&lt;.01), and college life adjustment(r=.645, p&lt;.001). Also, the professor-student interaction showed positive correlations with e-learning service satisfaction &amp; repurchase intention(r=.305, p&lt;.001) and college life adjustment(r=.557, p&lt;.001) while the e-learning service satisfaction &amp; repurchase in-tention showed a positive correlation with college life adjustment(r=.275, p&lt;.01).&#x0D; Conclusions Therefore, it would be necessary to increase the college life adjustment of nursing students and also to establish their self-directedness and active attitude by including various training programs that could promote their self-directed learning ability and professor-student interaction in curriculum. Also, it would be required to improve service quality and problems of e-learning service for the expansion of its continuous use, and also to develop online contents about e-learning teaching method that could complement the problems.
Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment with Supervised Learning Using Bayesian-based Data Augmentation

Objectives The purposes of this study were to propose and validate a method for applying supervised learning for cognitive diagnostic assessment by augmenting expert-labeled dataset using Bayesian parameter estimation techniques.&#x0D; Methods The method was evaluated with a simulation study and an application to real data. The simulation study was conducted to compare the diagnostic accuracy of neural networks trained with both ‘Bayesian-based aug-mented dataset’ and ‘expert-labeled dataset’ across four factors: ‘item quality’, ‘expert labeling error rate’, ‘size of the expert labeled dataset’, and ‘size of the augmented dataset’. Additionally, the real data consists of the binary responses of 936 middle-school students to 24 arithmetic problems on linear equations and linear inequalities.&#x0D; Results The performance of supervised learning trained on the ‘Bayesian-based augmented dataset’ showed significant improvements in all conditions compared to solely using the ‘expert-labeled dataset’. The effect of the labeling error rate and the size of the expert-labeled dataset was trivial. As the quality of the items increased and the size of the augmented dataset grew, accuracy improved, though beyond a certain size N=3,000 of the aug-mented dataset, the difference was negligible. For the real data on linear equations and inequalities, supervised learning trained on the ‘Bayesian-based augmented dataset’ showed enhanced accuracy over just on the ‘ex-pert-labeled dataset’. It is also evident that students understand solving linear equations better than solving linear inequalities.&#x0D; Conclusions When performing supervised learning based cognitive diagnosis with a small expert-labeled data-set, the diagnostic performance can be enhanced through Bayesian-based data augmentation method. Moreover, students tend to find understanding inequalities more challenging than equations, suggesting the need for opportunities to master cognitive attributes related to inequalities.
Factors Affecting the Reading Abilities of Grade 7 Learners, Basis for an Action Plan

This study determined the factors affecting the reading abilities of Grade 7 learners of Castillejos Resettlement High School, Castillejos District, Schools Division of Zambales for the School Year 2022. The implemented distance learning modality was a great challenge in the teaching-learning process because of the limited assistance and guidance of teachers as the main facilitator in learning. After two academic years, when distance learning modality was implemented due to the Covid 19 Pandemic, the school year opened last August 22, 2022 with full implementation of in-person classes and schools have conducted reading pre-tests and screening tests with the use of Phil IRI (Philippine Informal Reading Inventory). The results in the conducted reading pre-test and group screening test pressed the necessity to find out the factors affecting the reading abilities of students in Grade 7 at Castillejos Resettlement High School. The researcher utilized a descriptive quantitative method of research and conducted a research questionnaire in gathering data as instrument which included respondents’ profile and perception of the learner- related factors, teacher-related factors and school-related factors. Likert scale, frequency and percentage distribution, Pearson Correlation Coefficient r and mean were used to scale the gathered data. The results revealed that the respondents, in general, strongly agreed that learner-related factors, teacher-related factors and school-related factors affected their reading abilities. Hence, there was negatively low non-significant correlation between the reading abilities and the factors affecting the reading abilities among students in terms of learner-related factors, teacher-related factors and school-related factors.
PBL-based early childhood literature education experience and perception of pre-service early childhood teachers

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the process of experience of prospective early childhood teach-ers and examine their meaning by operating PBL-based early childhood literature education courses for pro-spective early childhood teachers.&#x0D; Methods 25 first-year students of the Department of Early Childhood Education at the 4-year College of Education located in Gyeonggi-do were selected as research participants and problem-oriented learning was applied to ear-ly childhood literature education classes for a total of 15 weeks from September to December 2022. The data col-lected reflective journals and group interview data of research participants, and analyzed the experiences and per-ceptions of prospective early childhood teachers in the PBL-based early childhood literature course.&#x0D; Results The experience of prospective early childhood teachers in PBL-based early childhood literature education classes was found to be familiar and unfamiliar early childhood literature, an “expansion of knowledge about early childhood literature education” that was more enjoyable to see and see, and an “experience of collaborative prob-lem solving” that gave them the pleasure of being together rather than alone. The perception of prospective early childhood teachers through PBL-based early childhood literature education classes contains various values and expands from daily life and curiosity to imagination and creation.&#x0D; Conclusions This study is meaningful in seeking various and effective teaching and learning methods in the teacher training process for the qualitative growth of early childhood literature education and providing the basis for the development and application of specific programs.
An Investigation into the Career Development of Students Who Major in English Education in a Local University

Objectives This study aimed to comprehensively examine the career development of students who major in English education in a local university.&#x0D; Methods Thirty-four seniors who major in English education in a local university completed a survey that com-posed of 16 muitiple-choiced items and 5 open-ended items. More specifically, it surveyed 1) their current career development, 2) the use of career development support program, and 3) suggestions about career development to a department, university, community, and country.&#x0D; Results The findings indicated that the students usually refer to the people surrounding them and consult their parents to discuss their career development. In addition, they put their priority to job stability and their interest when they choose a job. More than half of the students were found to seek a career which is irrelevant to English education. Those who seek a career which is relevant to English education considered English proficiency is the most important factor to achieve their career goals, wehreas those who seek a career which is irrelevant to English education considered working-level knowledge is the most important factor to achieve their career goals. Both of the groups concerned that low birth rate and their task-related competence are the factors that threatened their career achievement. In general, the students participated in the career development support program less than 1 or 2-3 times because the support program did not fit into their majors or prospective careers. Moreover, most of the students reported that they did not have an internship opportunity in a workplace that is related to their prospective careers. However, they affirmed that those internship opportunities would be a valuable asset to de-velop their careers. To conclude, the students suggested that a department, university, community, and country implement practical policies that can support career development for university students.&#x0D; Conclusions Practical career development support programs that focus on those who major in humanities or edu-cation in a local university need to be implemented.
Analysis of the Structure in Technology Textbooks for the 1st grade of General High School in China

Objectives The purpose of this study is to figure out the actual situation of the amount of learning, emphasis, teaching content, and teaching strategies of the required content of the general high school technology education courses in China by analyzing Chinese 2017 revised general high school first-grade technology textbooks.&#x0D; Methods In this study, the external and internal structures of textbooks were analyzed using the content analysis method and the descriptive research method. In the external structure of the textbooks, the layout, the total num-ber of pages in a large unit, and the number of illustrations were analyzed, and in the internal structure, the struc-ture of the content organization of each unit of the textbooks, the fields of content composition, and the weight of each field were analyzed.&#x0D; Results Chinese 2017 revised general high school first-grade technology textbooks were analyzed and evaluated for their external structure (the layout, the total number of pages in a large unit, and the number of illustrations) and internal structure (the structure of the content organization of each unit, the field of content composition, and the weight of each field). Finally, by comparing Chinese 2017 revised first-grade general high school technology textbooks with Korean 2015 revised general high school technology textbook, insights are drawn from the fea-tures that Korean technology textbook itself does not possess.&#x0D; Conclusions First, Chinese 2017 revised general high school first-grade technology textbooks, as compulsory textbooks, has achieved positive results in terms of facilitating school use and management, guaranteeing teach-ers' professionalism and learners' right to quality learning, and conforming to the orientation of the high school credit system. Second, in order to cultivate technological competence, the core strength of future human re-sources required by the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the hyper-connected society, the amount of learning content in Chinese 2017 revised first-grade general high school technology textbooks is about two times more than that in Korean general high school technology textbook. Third, most of Chinese 2017 revised first-grade technology textbooks are developed through the process of “large unit introduction, medium unit introduction, small unit (introduction, deployment, and organization), medium unit organization, and large unit organization”. Fourth, in Chinese 2017 revised first-grade technology textbooks for general high schools, the main organizing factor of the teaching content is design technology (drawing technology, model making), which focuses on the design of technological products.