Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Backdoor Attacks on Federated Meta-Learning.

Federated learning allows multiple users to collaboratively train a shared classifica- tion model while preserving data privacy. This approach, where model updates are aggregated by a central server, was shown to be vulnerable to poisoning backdoor attacks: a malicious user can alter the shared model to arbitrarily classify specific inputs from a given class. In this paper, we analyze the effects of backdoor attacks on federated meta-learning, where users train a model that can be adapted to dif- ferent sets of output classes using only a few examples. While the ability to adapt could, in principle, make federated learning frameworks more robust to backdoor attacks (when new training examples are benign), we find that even 1-shot attacks can be very successful and persist after additional training. To address these vulner- abilities, we propose a defense mechanism inspired by matching networks, where the class of an input is predicted from the similarity of its features with a support set of labeled examples. By removing the decision logic from the model shared with the federation, success and persistence of backdoor attacks are greatly reduced.
Inovasi Media Pembelajaran Teka Teki Silang Fisika dalam Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Guna Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa di Masa Pandemi

Abstract This study aims to see: 1). The effect of the application of the TGT method with the help of learning media crossword puzzles (TTS), 2). The effect of student motivation on electromagnetic waves., 3). Using innovative media for learning crossword puzzles during the pandemic. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach, which was designed with a randomized pretest-posttest design. This research was conducted online and the research was students from SMAN 1 Petir. The research data collection technique was conducted by using a multiple choice test method for the cognitive and knowledge aspects of students, and a questionnaire method for the aspects of student learning motivation. Based on the results of research conducted by students from SMAN 1 Petir, it can be concluded that: 1). This crossword puzzle learning media aims to improve student learning outcomes. 2). The use of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model can increase student motivation on electromagnetic waves 3). The crossword puzzle (TTS) learning media is intended to be an innovation in creating fun learning during this pand. Keywords : Teams Games Tournament, crossword puzzles, electromagnetic wave.
Nexus between remittance, trade openness and inequality in South Asian countries: New evidence from the nonlinear unit root, nonlinear OLS, and NARDL, and asymmetry causality test

This study’s motivation is to explore the pattern of the relationship between Remittance, Trade openness, and Inequality of selected south Asian countries for the 1976-2018 periods. Postulating their relationship, the study performed several nonlinear tests, including unit root tests, nonlinearity applying OLS and test of BDS, nonlinear autoregressive distributed lagged (NARDL), and asymmetry causality test. Study findings with nonlinear unit root tests suggested that the research variables follow the nonlinear process of becoming stationary from nonstationary. The results of Nonlinear OLS and test of BDS confirm the existence of nonlinearity among research variables. The result of the Wald test in NARLD confirms the availability of asymmetric links among variables. Likewise, considering the results of NARDL, it is apparent that there a long-run asymmetric relationship between remittance, trade openness, and inequality. Findings suggest that both positive and negative shocks in remittance and tread openness are critical to either instituting or vexing the present state of the economy in the long term. The results of the directional relationship with asymmetry causality test, we observed that the feedback hypothesis hold in case of positive shocks in remittance and trade openness towards inequality
Development of Composite Plastic, Kenaf Fiber and Glass as Construction Material

The problem of plastic waste has not been resolved since the attempts to reduce the amount through recycling are not optimally handled. There are several studies on the use of plastic as a construction material. Therefore, this study aims to obtain construction materials that use PET plastic waste. This type of waste does not have economic value, and in an experiment conducted, it was collected and chopped to pass a 2.75 mm sieve. Furthermore, it was made into particleboard composite with kenaf fiber and glass formed by the hand lay up and press mold methods. The specimens were made in 3 variations of layers for each composite material by taking PET plastic from the landfill (TPA) or other sites. The PET was then immediately chopped and used as specimens/ NTPA. The mechanical properties including MOR, MOE, shear strength, and compressive strength, and SEM test was conducted for the FPC composite. The results of mechanical testing showed that plastic composites with 1 layer and NTPA waste sources can be used as construction materials, especially in non-structural walls (insulating).
The interface between law and artificial intelligence: the use of ai as a tool in intellectual property law - patent system / A interface entre a Lei e a inteligência artificial: o uso da inteligência artificial como uma Ferramenta no direito de propriedade intelectual - sistema de patentes

This research sought to investigate the use of Artificial Intelligence in the development of patents, especially in the search and dissemination of anteriority. The research problem refers to the question of whether Artificial Intelligence technology can be considered as an Inventor in itself, and hold a patent: What are the main considerations and arguments for refusing this idea in the present scenario? Consequently, in order to achieve this multidisciplinary undertaking to study the interface between AI and Patents, it was necessary to apply a perspective also centered on data analysis, IOT and new technologies in the Age of the Digital Revolution, evaluating the algorithmic characteristic of Black Boxing. In addition, the studies necessarily covered the contextualization and criteria of legal responsibility, personality rights and contractual relations as fundamental factors to support the thesis discussed here. The studies briefly addressed the regulatory aspects and legislative policies of AI in the international and European contexts, providing a perspective of comparative law. Lastly, the work tried to address some of the issues of transparency and ethics involved in this problematic topic, bringing the concept of Cui Bono to justify the impossibility of granting a Patent to AI. Therefore, this research work encompassed the advantages and disadvantages involved in the Artificial Intelligence scenario, demonstrating improved performance and results of its use in the industrial property area, according to business practices and techniques, and the ethical parameters that must be pursued by society, to develop a transparent, reliable and “explicable” use of Artificial Intelligence, as a TOOL, especially related to the patent system.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO PHYSICS STUDY BY PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS BY MEANS OF MOBILE AND REMOTE TECHNOLOGIES

The article is devoted to the anysis of scientific, psychological - pedagogical and methodological works which clarify the essense of theoretical - methodological approaches to physics studies by students of secondary school with the help of mobile and distance technologies. The article defines the main contradictions and problems that occur on the way to physics studies implementation in secondary schools of the II category as well as specifies necessity to use theoretical - methodological approaches towards physics studies by the students of secondary school securing integrity and continuity of the educational process. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of physics of primary school students by means of mobile and remote technologies has been developed, the use of which provides an innovation-related educational process and allows to improve approaches to the assimilation of elements of physical knowledge in the process of studying the subject «environmental science» by students through a system of theoretical and practical knowledge, providing for the involvement of students in exploratory, experimental and creative activities. The article highlights the method of integration of traditional and distance learning to ensure an activity approach in the systematic study of physics, in secondary schools of the second degree. It is necessary to identify and justify pedagogical conditions in order to secure and justify the pedagogical conditions necessary to ensure the implementation of this activity approach within the natural education sector. A system of mobile learning techniques is proposed, focused on various forms of student activity, which assumes the priority of using students' personal mobile devices. A number of mobile applications focused on different forms of student activity in physics lessons are offered. Key words: mobile education programs, reception of mobile technologies, remote technologies, mobile methods of science.
Proceso enseñanza- aprendizaje interdisciplinar en tiempos de covid 19, la ficha pedagógica

The present research Interdisciplinary in the Teaching-Learning Process in times of COVID 19: The pedagogical file“ aims to expose the experience of working the Teaching Learning Process in an interdisciplinary way from the virtual environment adapted to the needs of students for the development of meaningful learning for life , related to the skills in the activities that are planned. In the research we worked with the method, analysis – synthesis, in the study of theoretical foundations; in addition, it facilitated the study and reflection of the results and the bibliographic review. The interdisciplinary perspective facilitates reaching a broad, integral and grouped approach to the question posed and helps to achieve a comprehensive and appropriate response to the regimen under study. The main result is the contribution of the pedagogical file with an interdisciplinary approach in the virtual environment, to achieve student learning. It is concluded that the pedagogical file with an interdisciplinary approach allowed to continue with education in times of COVID 19, reaching students' homes.
NEW CHALLENGES FOR THE HIGHER EDUCATION AREA AND THE WORLD OF WORK DURING COVID-19

Appears in: ICERI2021 Proceedings Publication year: 2021Pages: 7457-7464ISBN: 978-84-09-34549-6ISSN: 2340-1095doi: 10.21125/iceri.2021.1668Conference name: 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and InnovationDates: 8-9 November, 2021Location: Online Conference
Extractors: Low Entropy Requirements Colliding With Non-Malleability.

The known constructions of negligible error (non-malleable) two-source extractors can be broadly classified in three categories: (1) Constructions where one source has min-entropy rate about $1/2$, the other source can have small min-entropy rate, but the extractor doesn't guarantee non-malleability. (2) Constructions where one source is uniform, and the other can have small min-entropy rate, and the extractor guarantees non-malleability when the uniform source is tampered. (3) Constructions where both sources have entropy rate very close to $1$ and the extractor guarantees non-malleability against the tampering of both sources. We introduce a new notion of collision resistant extractors and in using it we obtain a strong two source non-malleable extractor where we require the first source to have $0.8$ entropy rate and the other source can have min-entropy polylogarithmic in the length of the source. We show how the above extractor can be applied to obtain a non-malleable extractor with output rate $\frac 1 2$, which is optimal. We also show how, by using our extractor and extending the known protocol, one can obtain a privacy amplification secure against memory tampering where the size of the secret output is almost optimal.
CLOUD AIDED SHARED DATA WITH DIGITAL SIGNATURE USER REVOCATION

Storage and sharing of data in cloud can be easily edited by users. To overcome this data modification in cloud a signature is provided to each individual who access the data in cloud. Once the data is edited by the user on a block, the user must ensure that the sign is provided on that specific block. When a user gets revoked from accessing the cloud the existing user of that cloud must re-sign the data signed by the revoked user. To re-sign the data the user must download the entire data and sign it. This difficulty is rectified with the a novel public auditing mechanism idea of proxy re-signatures. In addition to this, security of the data is also enhanced with the help of a public verifier who is always able to audit the integrity of shared data without retrieving the entire data from the cloud.
Feature Sub-Spacing Based Stacking for Effective Imbalance Handling in Sensitive Data

Several real world classification applications suffer from an issue called data imbalance. Handling data imbalance is crucial in developing an effective classification system. This work presents an effective classifier ensemble model, Feature Sub-spacing Stacking Model (FSSM) that has been designed to operate on highly imbalanced, complex and sensitive data. The FSSM technique is based on creating subspace of features, to aid in the reduction of data complexity and also to handle data imbalance. First level trains models based on these features, which is followed by creating a stacking architecture. The second level stacking architecture trains on the predictions from the first level base models. This has enabled better and qualitative predictions. Experiments were conducted on bank data and also the NSL-KDD data. Results reveal highly effective performances compared to the existing models.
Online Examination System – A Web-Based Application

Today PHP's online test system has become a rapidly growing test method, due to its speed and accuracy. Less work is also necessary to carry out the test. Nearly all organizations now perform their objective exams online, saves time for exams for students. Organizations can also easily monitor the student's performance during an exam. As a consequence, the results will be released in less time. It also saves paper to help the environment. In php, the online exam paper is very useful to learn according to current requirements. This paper uses a PHP script with Mysql database online test system. So, you are looking for any educational paper or build small PHP systems with the Mysql database, so you're in the right position. Because the solution to your needs can be found in this post. Here we will build a PHP online exam application with the Mysql database to assist you in creating your final year paper for your education. And if you are a PHP programmer beginner and learn how to use any PHP dynamic online system, this article will help.
COVID-19 상황에서 평생교육 강사의 실시간 온라인 수업 경험에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study was to analyze what kind of difficulties and issues were experienced by instructors in lifelong education institutions who experienced a gap in classes and difficulties in life due to COVID-19 when suddenly faced with online class situations. To fulfill this purpose, five instructors from the G lifelong education institution located in Chungnam were recommended by the institution and interviewed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the instructors made efforts to identify the learner on his/her own and create a class environment, because the class preparation process was entrusted to each instructor. The course execution process was shown to be one in which the instructor communicated with the learner and made efforts to increase the level of immersion in the class. In particular, it was confirmed that, despite the unfamiliar and highly nervous online class environment, efforts were made not to turn the learner into a spectator. During the class evaluation process, feedback on educational activities was found to have decreased compared to face-to-face classes, and consequently, did not produce concrete information for achievement assessment. Based on these analysis results, the improvement tasks included support for instructors to re-design classes in appropriate formats for online classes, support for instructors' online class capabilities, and support for developmental evaluation in an online environment.
Achievement Motivation During Covid-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Online Learning and Academic Self-Efficacy

The COVID-19 pandemic led to changed the learning paradigm from traditional learning with face-to-face into online learning. Changes in the learning paradigm can affect the psychological condition of students. This study aims to examine the effect of online learning on academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation with a sample of 235 students of Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Attaqwa. Collecting data using a questionnaire and data analysis using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that online learning had a positive and significant effect on achievement motivation and academic self-efficacy. Another finding states that academic self-efficacy has a positive effect on achievement motivation. Therefore as an implication the government through related agencies should work together to build a reliable online learning infrastructure, that is stable internet connenction, wide-reaching, and inexpensive.
Efficient digital waveguide synthesis of a pipe organ

The modern pipe organ can have as many as 10 000 pipes, each of which is a simple sound generator. In order to digitally synthesize a pipe organ, each pipe requires its own digital waveguide model due to its individual geometry and state. To complicate the matter, pipe geometry can vary greatly across different pipe organ ranks, pipes can be reed-driven or air-jet-driven, and it is possible for a single key to sound many ranks at once. As a result, developing an acoustic model of even a small pipe organ is intensive both in the modeling and in the computational demands for real-time synthesis. For modeling the pipes, we propose a scalable lossy digital waveguide framework whose parameters can be changed based on a pipe's geometric model. We utilize the Faust functional programming language to produce high-performance digital signal processing code.
Simulation-Extractable zk-SNARK with a Single Verification

Among the zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (zk-SNARK), the simulation-extractable zk-SNARK (SE-SNARK) introduces a security notion of non-malleability. The existing pairing-based zk-SNARKs designed from linear encoding are known to be vulnerable to algebraic manipulation of the proof. The latest SE-SNARKs check the proof consistency by increasing the proof size and the verification cost. In particular, the number of pairings increases almost doubles due to further verification. In this article, we propose two novel SE-SNARK constructions with a single verification. The consistency check is subsumed in a single verification through employing a hash function. The proof size and verification time of the proposed SE-SNARK schemes are minimal in that it is the same as the state-of-the-art zk-SNARK without non-malleability. The proof in our SE-SNARK constructions comprises only three group elements (type III) in the QAP-based scheme and two group elements (type I) in the SAP-based scheme. The verification time in both requires only 3 pairings. The soundness of the proposed schemes is proven under the hash-algebraic knowledge (HAK) assumption and the (linear) collision-resistant hash assumption.
COMPUTER VISION TO SUPPORT PRE-SERVICE TEACHER MASTERY OF STUDENT CENTRE APPROACH

Various researcher state that to ensure student had the 4Cs competence is to use student-centered approach in the classroom. This further recognize the skills to create dynamic classroom as the core-skills of 21st teacher. To create such classroom, a teacher must be able to master the systematic and dynamic aspects of learning. It requires teacher to fully aware of every student activity. However, based on preliminary investigation, there two things that become obstacles, namely: (1) teacher had hard time giving full attention to whole classes due to non-coercion manner of student-centre approach, and (2) mastery of dynamic aspects in learning requires real experience which will certainly spend a lot of time. They need practical solutions that can help them master the core skill of 21st teacher. Therefore, we designed an application with image processing features (face detection, face recognition, and pose extraction) in order to help teachers to give full attention and provide positive reinforcement for every classroom participant. The research is done by R&D Method, whereas application design uses SDLC method. The results are product in the form of software applications that are expected to accurately measure percentage student attention in the classroom. Product also present information as a basis for decision making to assist teacher in creating a dynamic classroom. In addition, we certainly hopeful that by using the product, prospective teachers can quickly adapt and apply the dynamic classroom.
USE OF A SYSTEM OF INTERACTIVE DIGITAL RESOURCES AND PROJECT WORK FOR UPGRADING KNOWLEDGE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL WORLD IN PRESCHOOL PREPARATION

The article supports interactive learning in education. Increasingly, traditional forms are being replaced by interactive ones. For the full mastering of the learning material, it is important for the child / student to actively participate in the class. It is necessary for the education to be carried out through activities, practice, solving problems, th rough which the child / student will learn the new knowledge easily. The article presents an example of performing this type of interactive activity in a learning environment. The article presents a pedagogical study, which experiments the possibility of upgrading the knowledge of children in kindergarten in environment.
Application of an alternative energy source in the form of solar radiation and carbon-based fuel flexible material for the heating of mobile farm housing

Abstract In residential and industrial premises, optimum conditions for human activity must be created. In areas without central heating supply, heating of a mobile living space is provided by solid fuel boilers. There may be fuel outages at a distance from an inhabited locality. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to create a heating system for a farmer’s house by using carbon-based fuel flexible materials and solar stations. Farmhouse heating system that heats mobile living quarters remote from power lines and communities through the use of carbon-based fuel flexible materials and solar stations is proposed by the authors. The technical result consists in that, in the claimed system, the heating device is a carbon-based fuel flexible material supplying electricity from the solar station. Carbon-based fuel flexible material is a thermal film (heating grid), which is made by interweaving longitudinal and transverse carbon filaments and, for safety reasons, covered with an electrical insulating material.