Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
약물 성범죄 관련 검출 약물 현황 (2014-2018)

Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is a crime in the course of which the victim is administered a drug or other incapacitating substance in order to affect control over their actions, decision-making capacities or physical capabilities. To investigate the current status of DFSA in Korea, we reviewed DFSA cases of National Forensic Service (NFS). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) after solid-phase extraction (SPE) were performed for the detection of drugs in blood and urine samples. Analytical results in DFSA were investigated by the laboratory information management system of NFS for five years (2014-2018). Mainly, the total count of DFSA cases, drug detection rate, types of drugs and frequency of use were investigated. In the recent five years, the number of DFSA cases increased every year, from 534 cases in 2014 to 1434 cases in 2018, over 168.5% from 2014. The number of submitted cases in Seoul institute was shown the highest, occupying 62% of the total. The detection rates of drugs in each year and region were from 23 to 28% and average detection rate of drugs was 25%. The most frequently used drug was zolpidem with 383 times for five years, occupying for 15% of all drugs. Next, benzodiazepines such as diazepam, lorazepam and alprazolam were detected with 173, 139 and 107 times, respectively. Meanwhile, illegal drugs were also found, which includes amphetamines (48 times) and cannabis (12 times). Interpretation of the analytical results in terms of voluntary versus surreptitious administration of drugs requires further detailed investigation as well as knowledge of the victim’s health status and medication used at the time of event.
Yin-Yang Puzzles are NP-complete

We prove NP-completeness of Yin-Yang / Shiromaru-Kuromaru pencil-and-paper puzzles. Viewed as a graph partitioning problem, we prove NP-completeness of partitioning a rectangular grid graph into two induced trees (normal Yin-Yang), or into two induced connected subgraphs (Yin-Yang without $2 \times 2$ rule), subject to some vertices being pre-assigned to a specific tree/subgraph.
Zero-shot Learning with Class Description Regularization.

The purpose of generative Zero-shot learning (ZSL) is to learning from seen classes, transfer the learned knowledge, and create samples of unseen classes from the description of these unseen categories. To achieve better ZSL accuracies, models need to better understand the descriptions of unseen classes. We introduce a novel form of regularization that encourages generative ZSL models to pay more attention to the description of each category. Our empirical results demonstrate improvements over the performance of multiple state-of-the-art models on the task of generalized zero-shot recognition and classification when trained on textual description-based datasets like CUB and NABirds and attribute-based datasets like AWA2, aPY and SUN.
Fostering Diversity in Spatial Evolutionary Generative Adversarial Networks.

Generative adversary networks (GANs) suffer from training pathologies such as instability and mode collapse, which mainly arise from a lack of diversity in their adversarial interactions. Co-evolutionary GAN (CoE-GAN) training algorithms have shown to be resilient to these pathologies. This article introduces Mustangs, a spatially distributed CoE-GAN, which fosters diversity by using different loss functions during the training. Experimental analysis on MNIST and CelebA demonstrated that Mustangs trains statistically more accurate generators.
An exact counterfactual-example-based approach to tree-ensemble models interpretability.

Explaining the decisions of machine learning models is becoming a necessity in many areas where trust in ML models decision is key to their accreditation/adoption. The ability to explain models decisions also allows to provide diagnosis in addition to the model decision, which is highly valuable in scenarios such as fault detection. Unfortunately, high-performance models do not exhibit the necessary transparency to make their decisions fully understandable. And the black-boxes approaches, which are used to explain such model decisions, suffer from a lack of accuracy in tracing back the exact cause of a model decision regarding a given input. Indeed, they do not have the ability to explicitly describe the decision regions of the model around that input, which is necessary to determine what influences the model towards one decision or the other. We thus asked ourselves the question: is there a category of high-performance models among the ones currently used for which we could explicitly and exactly characterise the decision regions in the input feature space using a geometrical characterisation? Surprisingly we came out with a positive answer for any model that enters the category of tree ensemble models, which encompasses a wide range of high-performance models such as XGBoost, LightGBM, random forests ... We could derive an exact geometrical characterisation of their decision regions under the form of a collection of multidimensional intervals. This characterisation makes it straightforward to compute the optimal counterfactual (CF) example associated with a query point. We demonstrate several possibilities of the approach, such as computing the CF example based only on a subset of features. This allows to obtain more plausible explanations by adding prior knowledge about which variables the user can control. An adaptation to CF reasoning on regression problems is also envisaged.
2020년도 검정통과 일본 중학교 역사 교과서의 독도 기술 내용 분석

This study has analyzed “the Description of Dokdo on Japanese Middle School History Textbooks” authorized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in 2020. For this purpose, this study has compared Japanese Middle School History Textbooks authorized in 2015 and 2020. This study demonstrates four main characteristics of the Description of Dokdo on Japanese Middle School History Textbooks authorized in 2020. First, the History Textbooks authorized in 2020 fully reflected the contents of Commentary to the Curriculum Guidelines 2017. Second, the use of visual materials such as photos and maps on Dokdo became prominent in the new textbooks. Third, the History Textbook published by the Tokyo Syoseki which showed high adoption rate has dramatically increased the connection between Dokdo issue and Japan's historic affairs. Fourth, the history textbook published by Manabisya poorly reflected the Curriculum Guidelines 2017 upon Dokdo issue, compared to other history textbooks.
점찰수행을 통해 본 신라 초기 지장신앙 양상

Wonkwangbupsa is the first ancient monk of Silla to achieve fame in the Sui Dynasty by studying the doctrines of the Southern and Northern Dynasties while studying abroad in the Qin and the Su Dynasties. After returning to Silla at the king's call, he became Silla's greatest monk by taking care of the country's affairs. He gave an annotation to Geoseosa, which fell in Gyeongju, and created a Jeomchabo, a thorough practice, rather than a doctrinaire Buddhism, and held a Ksitigarbha belief assembly in honor of the Ksitigarbha belief. But while committing the illegal act of giving a king a royal line, he took his distance from the race and opened his fortune-telling book, which means he was fascinated by the characteristics of the old-fashioned Ksitigarbha belief. On the other hand, it also means that the conflict with Gyeongju's indigenous religion has not been resolved amicably. It is true that Wonkwang's fortune-telling in the wine of royal and aristocratic beliefs has expanded its scope, but it has not been linked to popularization. This is because the practice of divination itself is a penultimate practice that the general public cannot afford. However, it is believed that the Ksitigarbha belief, which was developed by Wonkwang, was popularized by the Ksitigarbha belief, which was established by the spirit of wisdom, with the help of Shin in the Jinpyeong Dynasty, Gyeongju, where Wonkwang was active, and with the help of his mother, the gold found on the ground. “Gold obtained from the earth implies the original meaning of the earth to bear and give away everything, so that the gold obtained from the Divine Mother means the popularization or spread of Jijiang belief.” Silla's early Jijiang creed is the process of repenting and repenting for his sins and visiting the rest of his innate lair, and Wonkwang is the first Ksitigarbha believer to foretell Ksitigarbha belief as a seongmunseung with such a strong image of the archangel.
John Horton Conway (1937-2020)

Angloamerican mathematician John Horton Conway was a universal and charismatic figure. He significantly influenced number theory, group theory, game theory, node theory, dynamical systems and recreational mathemaics. He became famous because of his unique personality and uncoventional approach to problem solving. This paper summarizes his original life path and discusses four examples of his contribution - surreal numbers, combinatorial games, game of life and classification of sporadic groups.
Bioboard Termodifikasi Alkali Untuk Aplikasi Elemen Industri Otomotif

Indonesia is a major producer of palm oil. Indonesian oil palm plantations are found in Sumatra, West Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bangka Belitung, and Papua. The total area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia reaches 7,099,388 ha. The main product of oil palm is its fruit bunches which produce oil. After processing, the remaining Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (TKKS) is a by-product. Physically, OPEFB has fiber. At present the utilization of OPEFB fibers, namely for omogen fertilizer, raw material for making paper, briquettes, and generally only comes to the use of fiber as a filler for a medium such as car seat cavity fillers and omog, so there is an awareness to research further about the potential of OPEFB as a fiber material nature that can be processed into material for making paticle boards for furniture products by raising the wisdom value of omog and natural resources that have not been optimally processed. On the other hand, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegrable polymer that is very promising with its ease of processing and can develop harmless natural products with simple hydrolysis. Although it has many advantages, PLA has a relatively low strength which limits its wide application, especially in the furniture sector. Therefore, research to develop PLA-based materials should focus on aspects of increasing the toughness of PLA by adding other natural fibers. Although, a large number of articles have been published to make PLA composites with various fibers, but the processing of OPEFB fibers with PLA is still very rare. For this reason, research will be conducted on the composite TKKS / PLA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of fiber processing using boiling water, 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the combination of both NaOH and boiling water and the addition of formaldehyde. The addition of an alkaline solution is intended to improve the surface topography of the fiber. Fiber morphology is characterized by using an electron microscope (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is then used to measure the amount and rate of change in fiber weight as a function of temperature. Furthermore, a tensile test will be carried out to determine the tensile strength of the material and calculate the Young's modulus value by making a comparison between the processed fiber and the nonprocessing fiber. With this research, it is expected that further developments will be made regarding processing of the OPEFB composite fiber.
해외여선교회(WFMS)의 서울지역 의료사업 - 동대문 부인병원을 중심으로 -

This research aims to illuminate the establishment of Dongdaemun Women’s Hospital (East Gate Hospital) in Seoul. This facility was one of the achievements of the Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society’s (WFMS) medical missionary work, and it became the leading women’s medical institution in modern Korea. This article discusses important dates and roles of the WFMS and Dongdaemun Women’s Hospital using information from the annual reports of the Korea Woman’s Conference (KWC). Specially, to clarify the process involved in the hospital’s establishment and its historical meaning in the progress of women’s medicine, this research examines the official establishment dates and activities of Dongdaemun Women’s Hospital, Baldwin Dispensary, and Lillian Harris Memorial Hospital, and the relationships among the three medical institutions. The results show that the establishment of Lillian Harris Memorial Hospital did not immediately terminate the Baldwin Dispensary, the preexisting institution; hence, this research argues that the latter was not simply integrated into the former. Furthermore, in analyzing the hospital’s recognizable practices in obstetrics and gynecological diseases and contemporaries’ acknowledgment of these activities, this study offers an explanation for why the additional word “women” was included in the official Korean name of the hospital.
≪환도열차≫에서 나타난 극중극과 몽타주 고찰

This study aims to analyze the theoretical concept of a play within the play and montage as a playwright technique, focusing on the actual production process of A Moebius Train in connection with the choices in the actual production process. It is known that a play within the play appeared from the early 16th century, and as it proceeds by putting a small structured play that reflects on the play, by reminding the audience that ''this is a play'', it is also in contact with the epic theater trend often seen in modern theater after Brecht. In contrast, a montage is a term borrowed from movies, and as it has been used by Piscator and Brecht since the 1930s to arrange text or sequence of stages in various ways according to intention, it is mainly related to the spectacular characteristics of contemporary plays that dazzlingly change visual spaces.In the modern theater where various expression methods are possible with the development of technology, as for the methods mobilized to express various visual spaces, tasks that creators need to consider more closely are emerging. This phenomenon appears as a question of how the creators of the performance will shape it when the ‘speaker''s statement’ gets momentarily ‘being frozen’ and the action statement becomes an ‘interweave’ with other visual spaces, as in the subject text of this study, A Moebius Train. Therefore, this study examines the creative process of A Moebius Train from the perspective of a play within the play and a montage, and tries to make meaningful suggestions. And further subdividing it, this study examines the ‘ludic (or gestural) space’ in conjunction with a play within the play, and simultaneously explores the ''theatrical chronotope'' as a concept of transformation between theatrical visual spaces linked to a montage. Through this, we attempt to add to what the creators, who have the desire to expand the limits of time and space represented in recent performances, should consider basically, the individual case, A Moebius Train, obtained through a review of a play within the play and a montage.
Deep Bidirectional RNNs Using Gated Recurrent Units & Long Short-Term Memory Units for Building Acoustic Models for Automatic Speech Recognition

Deep Neural Networks are gaining popularity to train speech dataset for speech recognition. A lot of work has been done with various neural network models, starting right from conventional convolutional neural networks to deep recurrent neural networks. Research has led us to arrive at the conclusion that bidirectional RNNs are suited for speech recognition. It has been seen that bidirectional RNNs provide greater accuracy as compared to deep RNNs and unidirectional RNNs. Units that are used with bidirectional RNNs are usually Long Short-Term Memory units. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. Gated Recurrent Units can also be used. In this paper we have tried to experiment and compare between deep bidirectional models using GRU units and LSTM units.
Lawn Mower Powered Bicycle / Wan Siti Artinie W.Konok

Nowadays, product functionality and product pricing are factors that influence customer purchases. Consumers are now more motivated to spend on their wants or demands than on spending for good. Today, technology not only serves as an entertainment channel but also provides a more productive and efficient way to perform certain tasks. Therefore, Lush Machinery Sdn. Bhd. produces an innovative product which is lawn mower powered bicycle to improve existing lawn mower in the market. The purpose of introducing these new innovations is to sell them to target markets that will benefit them in the future. In addition, the production of this product is also to measure market acceptance and to inform people about the new product. The idea to produce lawn mower powered bicycle came when people especially who lived at open house yard to mow their lawn having difficulties with the lawn mower. Therefore, this product is design to solve the problems faced by people who stayed at open house yard that want to use the lawn mower by itself without having to find and pay workers to do so. This lawn mower is produce to make it easier for people to use the lawn mower by itself thus will reduce their energy and time. This product replaces a pull starter that is usually placed on a lawn mower with an electric motor or known as an electric starter to start the lawn mower. The movement of the electric motor is caused by the flow of power from the rechargeable battery. The battery can be recharged via electric power or car battery. Also, the height of the cutter on this lawn mower can be adjusted according to the height of the grass.
Human-In-The-Loop Document Layout Analysis.

Document layout analysis (DLA) aims to divide a document image into different types of regions. DLA plays an important role in the document content understanding and information extraction systems. Exploring a method that can use less data for effective training contributes to the development of DLA. We consider a Human-in-the-loop (HITL) collaborative intelligence in the DLA. Our approach was inspired by the fact that the HITL push the model to learn from the unknown problems by adding a small amount of data based on knowledge. The HITL select key samples by using confidence. However, using confidence to find key samples is not suitable for DLA tasks. We propose the Key Samples Selection (KSS) method to find key samples in high-level tasks (semantic segmentation) more accurately through agent collaboration, effectively reducing costs. Once selected, these key samples are passed to human beings for active labeling, then the model will be updated with the labeled samples. Hence, we revisited the learning system from reinforcement learning and designed a sample-based agent update strategy, which effectively improves the agent's ability to accept new samples. It achieves significant improvement results in two benchmarks (DSSE-200 (from 77.1% to 86.3%) and CS-150 (from 88.0% to 95.6%)) by using 10% of labeled data.
한국어 연발 표현의 의미ㆍ통사적 고찰

There are a lot of expressions that are used in similar meaning in Korean so that learners have difficulty in learning Korean. When foreigners study Korean, foreigners do not have an intuition about Korean, so it is not easy to distinguish similar expressions. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in similar expressions in the field of Korean language education. This study also investigated the expression of consecutive events by studying similar expressions. Expressions of consecutive events include '-ja', '-jamaja', -neun daero' and '-giga museobge' as representations of a sequence of successive events. All of these expressions contain the meaning of consecutive event but the use patterns are slightly different. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze semantic, pragmatic, syntactic difference between expressions of consecutive events. First, it analyze Korean textbooks and dictionaries how expressions of consecutive meaning and usage is presented. Based on this analysis, it analyze the semantic, pragmatic, syntactic difference of expressions of consecutive events.
비교 정도부사의 코퍼스 분석과 어휘교육 방안 - ‘가장, 더, 덜’을 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to investigate on usage for 'Kajang, Deo, Deol' of degree adverbs and extract a list of co occurrent words with 'Kajang, Deo, Deol by the part of speech presented in Korean University textbooks for Korean learners. For this study, the corpus was analyzed through classifying 59 Korean university textbooks to extract co occurrent words named predicates by the part of speech at different level of textbooks. The result shows that 'Kajang' and ‘Deo’ has a higher frequency of cooccurrence with gradable antonym adjectives in each level. In contrast, ‘Deol’ has rare cooccurrence with adjectives. In the aspect of usage with verbs of ‘Kajang’ and ‘Deol’ is highly collocated with ‘like’ verb in every level. Especially, ‘Kajang’ is collocated with some psychological verbs. ‘Deo’ is highly collocated with some kind of action verbs intermediate and advanced level. In the aspect of usage with adverbs, ‘Kajang’ is collocated with ‘mani’ ‘Deo’ is collocated with ‘jom’ in basic level and ‘jeomjeom, jogeum, holshin’ in intermediate and advanced. In the aspect of usage with nouns ‘Kajang’, ‘Deol’ is collocated with ‘static noun’ but ‘Deol’ has rare frequencey of ‘noun’. Noteworthy results are that ‘Deo’ and ‘Deol’ has some marked meaning when collocated with special action verbs. Deo has a marked meaning of ‘ strengthening’ when combined with action verbs such as ‘eat, give, wait, go’ and 'Deol' have a marked meaning of 'incompletion'.when combined with action verbs such as ‘wake up, do, leak, write. In hence, I will also present some possibility of application for Korean Language Education for Korean learners based on Corpus analysis. Eventually I expect that the results of this study will be applied to teaching methods of the degree adverbs 'Kajang', 'deo', 'deol' for Korean learners, and construction of Korean textbooks.
1)역사부정 현상의 확산과 학교 역사교육의 과제

There has been a long-term debate over history textbooks in Korea. And recently historical denialism has emerged as a worrying social phenomenon. Historical denialism is a product of a culture of denial, and it is also a product of ‘history politics’ that seeks to benefit from amplifying conflict. That is why historical denialism should be treated as a constant in school history education.History educators should actively pay attention to the various roles that school history education plays in real life and society. Because history has been misused or abused too often, and these aspects and trends are increasingly amplified in the post-truth era.It is therefore very important to expose the context of historical denialism. Furthermore, memory-history policies based on the values of peace and human rights should be established at the national or regional level. And students should acquire the ability to critically identify historical denialism through enhanced experience of exploration and understanding of history in school.Everyone should keep in mind that students learn history from inside and outside the classroom, in particular, policymakers should find ways to use textbooks and classes as a platform for various history education. It should also encourage the implementation of classes and the development of teaching materials that reveal denials and actively deal with admitting responsibility for historical crime.