FAIR &amp; Open Material Samples: The IGSN ID

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Material samples are a vital output of the scientific endeavour. They underpin research in the Earth, Space, and Environmental Sciences, and are a necessary component of ensuring the transparency and reproducibility of such research. While there has been a lot of discussion in recent years about the openness and FAIRness of data, code, methods, and so on, material samples have been much less under the spotlight.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The lack of focus on material samples is in part due to them being unique as a research output, in the sense that they are inherently physical and thus they are mostly transported and managed by human beings rather than machines; it is rather more straightforward to archive and share both information about an output&amp;amp;#8212;and the output itself&amp;amp;#8212;for something that is already a digital object. However, it is for this reason that materials samples must be made more FAIR and treated as first-class citizens of Open Science. To do this, one needs to connect the physical and digital worlds. IGSN IDs enable these connections to be made.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The IGSN ID is a globally unique and persistent identifier (PID) specifically for labelling material samples themselves (i.e., they are for neither images nor data about a sample). Functionally a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) registered under DataCite services, the IGSN ID can be applied to all types of material samples coming from any discipline. Not only can IGSN IDs be used to identify individual material samples that currently exist in a repository, museum, or otherwise, but they can also be registered&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ul&amp;gt; &amp;lt;li aria-level=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;At the aggregate level for sample collections.&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;li aria-level=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;For the sites from which the samples are taken.&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;li aria-level=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;For ephemeral samples.&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Importantly, in all cases, when registering an IGSN IDs, one must supply metadata in the DataCite Metadata Schema, as well as create landing pages that supply additional, disciplinary, user-focussed information about the collection, site, or (sub)sample. Hence, by registering a PID for a physical object, it is given a permanently resolvable URI to a findable and accessible digital footprint, and through the provision of rich metadata, enables its interoperability and reusability. Sharing of associated data is also possible within the metadata, and one may even include the potential for relocation of a sample itself for reuse.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This presentation will briefly introduce the IGSN ID and the partnership between DataCite and the IGSN e.V. to transfer the IGSN PID infrastructure under DataCite DOI services. It will mainly highlight practical use cases of IGSN IDs, including what is needed to include them in the sample workflow. It will also talk about efforts to better support IGSN IDs and sample metadata within the DataCite Metadata Schema.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;