Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Design Law Declared by the Supreme Court of India

By virtue of Article 141 of the Constitution of India (hereinafter, the Constitution), the law declared by the Supreme Court of India (hereinafter, the Supreme Court) are law of the land. The Supreme Court furtherance to its law-declaring power under Article 141 of the Constitution has declared design law only in three decisions. This Paper seeks to cull out the principles of design law declared by the Supreme Court in the last 72 years. There are only three reported decisions of the Supreme Court on the design law of which two are Division Bench decisions and one is Full Bench decision. Number of decisions per year is not even one. On an average, the Supreme Court has decided .04 case in a year, or one design case in 8,836.66 days or in 24.21 years. Since the number of reported decisions are very less so only few questions of design law have been answered by the Supreme Court. A review of decisions on the design law reveals that: (i) unlike the patent and copyright decisions, the Supreme Court has declared the design law in all the three reported decisions; (ii) no case is reported in which the constitutionality of The Designs Act, 2000, was challenged; (iii) no Constitution Bench or Single Bench decision is reported; (iv) no Chief Justice of India was on the bench in any decision; (v) the Court has unanimously declared the design law; and (vi) no dissenting or concurring judgment is reported.
Disclosing the Relationship Between Nasdaq and Bitcoin via Artificial Intelligence Approach: Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Cryptocurrency has grown in popularity recently, and people try to get revenue from investing in cryptocurrency because the fluctuation is much larger than the stock market. However, because of this characteristic, some people lose a huge amount of money all of a sudden, or some people are addicted to it. Some experts claim that Nasdaq and Bitcoin exhibit a similar trend, showing a positive relationship between the two. Therefore, our research tries to prove that hypothesis with an artificial intelligence approach. The close price of the Nasdaq was used as an input variable, while the close price from Bitcoin and Ethereum was set as the target. Our experiment involves two different steps, which are EDA and machine learning analysis. For the first experiment, correlation matrix and joint plots were plotted, and Nasdaq and Bitcoin showed high correlation. Furthermore, six different machine learning algorithms and two deep learning algorithms were utilized for the analysis, and their accuracy was assessed with RMSE and MAE. RMSE and MAE of two coins based on Nasdaq were 1837.09 and 1066.32 for Bitcoin and 127 and 96.8 for Ethereum price prediction. However, even though the GRU yielded higher RMSE and MAE compared to the machine learning algorithm, visualization indicated that GRU was more effective than the machine learning model. Even though our research reveals a lower RMSE and MAE score compared to similar existing research, our finding is outstanding in that we proved that there exists a positive relationship between Nasdaq and Bitcoin.
“The Scarlet Letter” by Nathaniel Hawthorne in the creative mind of Ivan Turgenev: from reading to explication

The paper addresses the problem of Ivan Turgenev’s perception of the literary work of Nathaniel Hawthorne. For the Russian writer, the turn of the 1840s and the 1850s was a time of crisis of artistic manner. During a period of intense creative reflection, the writer came across Hawthorne’s novel “The Scarlet Letter” with its blend of romantic and realistic traits of the characters. It was the London edition (1852), its pages still bearing nail and pencil marks revealing a sensitive perception and understanding of the romantic world of puritan Boston and the ways of its artistic recreation. The Russian writer discovers the image of Esther and the pictures of nature intended to reveal her character. In addition, Turgenev acquires the author’s complex allegory embracing the images of Pearl and the letter “A.” The marks on the pages of The Scarlet Letter trace a creative perception of the novel manifested when Turgenev worked on “Rudin” (1856). The pages of Turgenev’s first novel provide a picture of Russian reality, with important questions about the social and spiritual life of society being addressed. This prioritization reflects the impact of “The Scarlet Letter”. “Rudin” echoes Hawthorne’s novel, both in the general framing of the moral and philosophical issues and the specificity of the main characters.
Methodological Features of the Training Masters for Solving Mathematics Olympiad Problems

The article summarizes the experience of training masters of mathematics for organizing and conducting Mathematics Olympiads for schoolchildren. The purpose of the article is to characterize and summarize the methodological features of the training masters of mathematics for the organization of Mathematics Olympiads for schoolchildren. Among the research methods used, the following were decisive: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical sources for the theoretical justification of the highlighted problem, modeling, and synthesis of the obtained data. Conclusions. Various possibilities of implementing such training have been analysed by the authors, taking into account the realities of the current state of the educational system of Ukraine. The methodical features of teaching master's students in mathematics to solving and creating mathematics olympiad problems and discrete subjects for schoolchildren are considered in the article. The benefit of the article is that the numerous examples of the implementation of the «to solve a problem – to replicate problems» approach proposed by the authors are presented, and the methodological expediency of its use in the educational process is substantiated. Conclusions. The authors have singled out the promising directions for further research in this field: the creation of appropriate educational and methodological support for the implementation of the approach «learning to solve a problem - learning to replicate problems» within the framework of other content lines of the course «Mathematics Olympiads problems: creation and solution» in the training of masters in mathematics (logical, stochastic, cryptographic, etc.) at pedagogical higher education institutions; the implementation of elements of this approach to the system of practicing teachers professional development the acquaintance high school students who study mathematics in depth with the relevant methods. The indisputable interest is in the creation of masters’ practice-oriented developments, as the part of their educational and research work, aimed at other aspects of the school mathematics education fundamentalization.
Training of future primary school teachers for using innovative technologies

The article deals with the problem of developing the ability of future primary school teachers to innovative activity. The purpose of the article is based on self-reflection of the experience of training future teachers of primary education for the implementation of pedagogical innovations to substantiate some constructive ways of formative influence on the process of developing their business reputation in the outlined plane. Results. In the context of the analysis of the approaches that have developed in modern pedagogical science, not only the realities of today regarding the uniqueness of the student of higher education, European integration processes and the multifunctionality of education as a field are considered, but also the latest ideas about the purely innovative content of the teacher's professional activity. The scientific status of the concept of «creative thinking» among relatives (such as «independent thinking») has been clarified. The nature of the attitude of future primary school teachers to the innovative vector of the professional activity of a modern teacher is specified. The expediency of the process of training students for the implementation of innovative professional activities as a system, in which the system-forming value is given to the development of a positive and active attitude of future primary school teachers to pedagogical innovations, to the awareness at the level of conviction of their unsurpassed significance in the conditions of the «tuning fork market of European integration educational transformations, has been proven. Conclusions. As a result of the self-reflection of the experience of formation of innovative competence among students of higher education, the constructiveness of the student’s free choice educational discipline «Innovative technologies of teaching educational branches in primary school» was ascertained. This approach has been tested at the Izmail State University of Humanities and proves the essentiality of its compensatory value and motivation for spreading it in university practice. The author concluded that the active involvement of teachers in innovative activities requires appropriate scientific and pedagogical support; the educational process of higher education institutions is an important factor in stimulating both the interest of students in the latest technologies and the improvement of their professional culture regarding the implementation of innovative activities. The author added that self-reflection of the experience developed in the above-described perspective convinces of the urgent need to consider the scientific and practical support for the development of innovative competence among students as a pedagogical system.
PENGEMBANGAN E-LKPD IPA BERBASIS CATUR ASRAMA KELAS V

This study aims to develop a valid and readable E-LKPD IPA based on catur asrama for the fifth grade of elementary school in the first semester. This study uses the ADDIE development model, with the following stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. In this study, it was only limited to the development stage with considerations of urgency, time constraints, research budget, and the ability of researchers, especially because the first semester of science material had been studied while this research was carried out in the second semester. The subjects in this study were 9 students of class V SD Negeri 2 Lemukih. This research data collection uses a validation sheet for 3 lecturers and 3 educators and a readability sheet for 9 students. The instrument used in measuring the level of validity and readability of the E-LKPD is a validation and readability sheet containing a Likert scale 4. The data were analyzed descriptively to obtain the percentage of validity and the mean score of E-LKPD readability. The percentage of E-LKPD validity is 96% with a "very high validity" level of validity and an average E-LKPD readability score of 3.9 with a "very good" readability level. Based on the results of data analysis, the E-LKPD IPA based on catur asrama for the fifth grade of elementary school in the first semester which is valid and tested for readability is suitable for use as teaching materials in learning for teachers and students in elementary school.
The role of innovative technologies in increasing the level of professional competence of the future physics teacher

Modern pedagogical science states that the new concept of education of the XXI century is being developed through the prism of improving the culture of the personality of the future teacher, which should include a set of knowledge, skills and, most importantly, the cultural and moral values accumulated by mankind, which are necessary for the formation and development of a competent personality, its professional maturity. The article deals with the problem of training teachers for innovative activities in the context of distance learning. The necessity of this component of professional training of teachers is substantiated, the features of an innovative approach to the organization of the educational process are described, the essence of the innovative orientation of pedagogical activity is revealed. The authors believe that the primary, main, but long–term goal is the formation of a competent personnel potential of teachers of a new formation, justifying the quite obvious: the direct dependence of the quality of the education system on the quality of teachers working in it. Proposed solutions to the problems of training highly qualified, competent physics teachers of a new formation who are able to work in distance learning, create high-quality electronic resources for students on the basis of innovative technologies and who are ready to effectively implement them in the pedagogical system.
Teaching Chemistry by Means of Modern Research

Education is currently undergoing "deep" modernisation. In accordance with this, the main outcomes of educational institutions are not the knowledge itself, but a set of social competences in the most important spheres of life. Learners should adopt a set of socio-political, intellectual, informational and civic competences when they enter "adult life". The teaching of different sciences in educational institutions contributes to the formation of diverse concepts and the development of critical thinking among learners. An important point in the understanding of knowledge should include pupils’ acceptance of personal relevance, which leads to an understanding of chemistry as a science in the context of global challenges to humanity. The development of a chemical picture of the world among learners is important for the formation of a scientific outlook and a culture of ecological thinking and behaviour. That’s why, the scientific picture of the world would be fundamental for the development of nanotechnology in the educational process.
The influence of new disciplines on the development of the educational program «physics»: the results of an experimental study

The problem of the development of the educational program «Physics» does not lose its relevance and requires the development of new approaches. A promising direction for the development of the educational program is the introduction of new academic disciplines. The article discusses the stages of developing an integral methodological system of teaching and introducing a new discipline «Evolution of the Universe and problems of nuclear astrophysics» into the educational program «Physics». The main stages of experimental work on the introduction of the discipline and the evaluation of its results are described. The methodology of the study was determined by dialectical, problem-activity, system-synergetic and personality-developing approaches. A system of teaching methods has been developed, among which the problem-search method is singled out as the dominant one. The problem-based search method is accompanied by the use of a developed modern educational and methodological complex and appropriate means of active and interactive learning. The stages of the experiment are described, as well as the difficulties of conducting it online. Based on the data analysis, factors are identified and the potential of the author's methodology is revealed as a result of the manifestation of mutual connections between methodological approaches. The important points of interest for the continuation of research, for the further scientific and methodological development of the author's methodological system are revealed. A comparative analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental research is carried out, the main elements of the discipline, its purpose, objectives and content are described. It is shown that each element of the author's methodological system has its own characteristics, specifics and methodological support.
Efficiency of the use of the pedagogical system of training in intellectual systems in the learning in higher educational institutions

The article deals with the creation of intelligent systems and the relationship between the human mind and the computer. The authors highlight the importance of artificial intelligence today. The relationship of the information society with the education sector, which is of great importance today, shows that the process of “technologization” is gaining strength owing to development. Thus, it is important to improve teaching methods, use new methods based on special pedagogical research in theory and practice, and create optimal conditions for practical work, special educational materials, software and technological products aimed at realizing the potential of information and communication technologies. The authors describe the importance of using special computer programs in the development of students’ knowledge and skills. In addition to traditional teaching in the education system, teaching with the use of special computer programs allows a deeper study of the specifics of each subject. However, most of these educational programs provide an opportunity to make choices based on their knowledge in this area. The authors also analyze expert systems based on teaching in this area in higher education and the topics of special courses introduced into it. In the conclusion on the chosen topic in the disciplines taught in the specialties of the university, the authors indicate the volume of the topic, which will be continued in the future.
Development of conceptual ideas and normative legislative support of profile education organization

The article demonstrates the development of conceptual ideas of profile education organization in Kazakhstan at the level of general secondary education in the period 1995–2005. The article also systematizes the normative legislative support of profile education at school. Our research interest is related to the design of a 12year school model in Kazakhstan, one aspect of which is the profiling of education in 11–12 grades. High school students’ education profiling is considered as one of the aspects of the model of updated secondary school education, the building of variable education. The organization of school profile education is a matter of education organization in 10–11 grades on the principles of student-centered education, aimed at maintaining and further developing the interests and abilities of students who have completed basic education. The issues of profile education organization at the level of secondary general education have been studied in Kazakhstan since the early 90s of the XX century. In this regard, the system of organizational events outlined in the article, which ensured the introduction of profile education in the model of an 11-year school in the context of the introduction of state compulsory education standards, is relevant. The novelty and uniqueness of the presented material are connected with the position of this article author as a direct participant in the processes of theoretical and methodological understanding of updating the content of school education in Kazakhstan, the organization of legal acts regulating the work of the national school.
The issues of foreign language training of students in HEIs in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Purposeful study of the current legislation, the regulatory framework, instructional documents defining the rules and procedure for organizing and carrying out educational and methodical work in the military and special educational institutions do not fully reveal the specifics of a foreign language as an academic discipline, the significance of the competencies formed by students of the educational program “Law Enforcement”. Analysis of the experience of teachers of the English language of departmental universities, observation of educational and cognitive activities and analysis of educational achievements of cadets allow us to assert that the methodology of teaching a foreign language, which has developed in recent decades, requires significant revision and updating, both in content and methodological aspects. In this article, the authors consider the specifics of foreign language training of students of the educational program “Law Enforcement”, implemented in higher military, special educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and characterized by a certain linguistic and functional versatility. Considering the analysis of theoretical literature and factual material presented from their own practical experience, the urgency of the problem of formation of foreign-language communicative competence of students of higher education institutions is substantiated, organizational and pedagogical mechanisms for improving language training are analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the state of foreign language training in subordinate higher educational institutions of the country, the authors formulate conclusions about the need to take into account a professionally-oriented approach, which consists in the maximum representation of the professional sphere in teaching a foreign language, immersion of students in a foreign language context at the levels of content, activity, and methods, technologies and teaching tools used within it, favorably contributing to the development of foreign-language professionally-oriented communicative competence of future law enforcement officers.
Practice-Oriented Approach to the Establishing of Professional Self-Organization among Future Higher Education Teachers

Contemporary educational system is focused on developing the appropriate ways of equipping future teachers with significant information, skills and abilities that will help them to establish themselves as professionals. The paper considers the problems of improving the learning process of teachers in higher education. Emphasis is placed on the fact that there has been a change in the vector of the educational process towards the learning outcomes from a knowledge-based approach to a practice-oriented approach. The contextual preparation of future high school teachers for self-organization in professional fields refers to a model of the educational environment. According to this model, the subject and social content of the future profession has to be established and professionally oriented situations of self-organization projected. The current goals, objectives, and requirements have to be taken into consideration. To study the level of establishment of the activityrelated and practical components of the competence of self-organization among future teachers in higher education in their professional field, a number of efficient methods are applied. The authors consider all the benefits, challenges, and risks related to the establishment of self-organization among teachers in their profession.
A Comprehensive Study of Dark Net

Abstract: This review explores the utilization of the dark web, which is one of the three parts of the internet, along with the surface web and the deep web. The dark web is infamous for being a hidden space where illegal activities, including cybercrime, take place. This paper delves into the history and nature of these spaces, as well as the attention they receive from the media. Additionally, it discusses the methods used by law enforcement to combat these activities. It argues that these spaces should be considered a phenomenon, rather than a natural consequence of technology. The review also proposes a research agenda and serves as a reference document for further exploration of the dark web.