Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
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In the paper, we firstly study the algebraic structures of ZpZpk-additive cyclic codes and give the generator polynomials and the minimal spanning set of these codes. Secondly, a necessary and sufficient condition for the ZpZp2-additive cyclic code whose Gray image is linear (not necessarily cyclic) over Zp is given. Moreover, as for some special families of cyclic codes over Zp2 and ZpZp2, the linearity of the Gray images is determined.
On the functional graph of f(X)=c(X+1 + aX2) over quadratic extensions of finite fields

Let Fq be the finite field with q elements and char(Fq) odd. In this article we will describe completely the dynamics of the map f(X)=c(Xq+1+aX2) over the finite field Fq2, for a∈{±1} and c∈Fq⁎. We will also give some partial results for a∈Fq⁎∖{±1}.
Approximation of seismic velocities from the spectrum of weighted graphs

Abstract Extracting seismic velocities from recorded seismic data requires converting the shot gathers to mid-point gathers, calculating the velocity spectrum, and picking the velocity values. In this paper, we propose to use graph theory to extract the seismic velocity values directly from the mid-point gathers. We use spectral data of a weighted graph model for approximating the seismic velocity. We develop a regression model to predict the seismic velocity from the largest eigenvalue of the graph representing the physical system. The approach is tested on a synthetic seismic data that represent a typical near-surface geological situation. The method was able to predict the seismic velocity of the second layer with 99.4% accuracy.
Evaluating Task-Level CPU Efficiency for Distributed Stream Processing Systems

Big Data and primarily distributed stream processing systems (DSPSs) are growing in complexity and scale. As a result, effective performance management to ensure that these systems meet the required service level objectives (SLOs) is becoming increasingly difficult. A key factor to consider when evaluating the performance of a DSPS is CPU efficiency, which is the ratio of the workload processed by the system to the CPU resources invested. In this paper, we argue that developing new performance tools for creating DSPSs that can fulfill SLOs while using minimal resources is crucial. This is especially significant in edge computing situations where resources are limited and in large cloud deployments where conserving power and reducing computing expenses are essential. To address this challenge, we present a novel task-level approach for measuring CPU efficiency in DSPSs. Our approach supports various streaming frameworks, is adaptable, and comes with minimal overheads. This enables developers to understand the efficiency of different DSPSs at a granular level and provides insights that were not previously possible.
A Strain-Gauge-Based Method for the Compensation of Out-of-Plane Motions in 2D Digital Image Correlation

When performing a digital image correlation (DIC) measurement, multi-camera stereo-DIC is generally preferred over single-camera 2D-DIC. Unlike 2D-DIC, stereo-DIC is able to minimise the in-plane strain error that results from out-of-plane motion. This makes 2D-DIC a less viable alternative for strain measurements than stereo-DIC, despite being less financially and computationally expensive. This work, therefore, proposes a strain-gauge-based method for the compensation of errors from out-of-plane motion in 2D-DIC strain measurements on planar specimens. The method was first developed using equations for the theoretical strain error from out-of-plane motions in 2D-DIC and was then applied experimentally in tensile tests to two different dog-bone specimen geometries. The compensation method resulted in a clear reduction in the strain error in 2D-DIC. The strain-gauge-based method thus improves the accuracy of a 2D-DIC measurement, making it a more viable option for performing full-field strain measurements and providing a possible alternative in cases where stereo-DIC is not practical or is unavailable.
EFL Students' Perceptions of Employing Technology Tools in Learning English at King Khalid University

Technology can be employed as a means of boosting FEL student interaction. Due to the universal use of computers and the internet in academic institutions, EFL teachers are motivated to implement this technology in their classes to facilitate language teaching and the learning English language process. This study purports to identify EFL students' perceptions of the utilization of technology tools in learning English at King Khalid University. This research adopts the descriptive analysis technique. Moreover, the theoretical framework of the study was an opinion poll prepared by the two researchers to get information and was applied to fifty-six selected EFL students to get their perceptions of the utilization of technology tools in learning English at King Khalid University. The results demonstrate that most King Khalid University EFL male and female students had positive responses to employing technology tools in learning English. The study findings have pedagogical implications and some recommendations for strategies and instructions for further investigations and facilitating the utilization of technology in teaching and learning at primary and secondary levels.
Speed-First: An Aggressive Gradient-Based Local Planner for Quadrotor Faster Flight

Autonomous flight for quadrotors is maturing with the development of real-time local trajectory planning. However, the current local planning method is too conservative to waste the agility of the quadrotors. So in this paper, we have focused on aggressive local trajectory planning and proposed a gradient-based planning method to rapidly plan faster executable trajectories while ensuring it is collision-free. A distance gradient information generation strategy is proposed, which finds a collision-free Hybrid-A* path to replace the control points in obstacles for safety and creates the distance gradient used in the back-end optimization. Besides, we present a novel and aggressive time span cost term to tackle unfeasibility and improve the overall trajectory speed. Extensive simulations and real-world experiments are tested to validate our method. The results show that our proposed method generates a more aggressive trajectory with a shorter planning time and a faster flight speed than the classical gradient-based method.
Human Pose Estimation Based on Lightweight Multi-Scale Coordinate Attention

Heatmap-based traditional approaches for estimating human pose usually suffer from drawbacks such as high network complexity or suboptimal accuracy. Focusing on the issue of multi-person pose estimation without heatmaps, this paper proposes an end-to-end, lightweight human pose estimation network using a multi-scale coordinate attention mechanism based on the Yolo-Pose network to improve the overall network performance while ensuring the network is lightweight. Specifically, the lightweight network GhostNet was first integrated into the backbone to alleviate the problem of model redundancy and produce a significant number of effective feature maps. Then, by combining the coordinate attention mechanism, the sensitivity of our proposed network to direction and location perception was enhanced. Finally, the BiFPN module was fused to balance the feature information of different scales and further improve the expression ability of convolutional features. Experiments on the COCO 2017 dataset showed that, compared with the baseline method YOLO-Pose, the average accuracy of the proposed network on the COCO 2017 validation dataset was improved by 4.8% while minimizing the amount of network parameters and calculations. The experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method can improve the detection accuracy of human pose estimation while ensuring that the model is lightweight.
Proposed policies in light of procedures adopted by Palestinian universities during emergency

Higher education in Palestine, as in other countries, suddenly found itself in the middle of the Covid19 pandemic. It was in March 2020 that the government declared the state of emergency and ordered educational institutions on lockdown, replacing oncampus teaching with online teaching. Within almost two weeks, all universities started teaching in the new modality. This research aims to reveal the procedures Palestinian universities resorted to during the emergency, due to Covid19 pandemic; and to propose future policies for the continuity of teaching and learning in times of emergency. The research used two data collection techniques, a questionnaire and interviews. The questionnaire was distributed online to all faculty members at 10 Palestinian universities in the West Bank. It was able to collect 249 responses. Interviews were conducted with three vice presidents for academic affairs. Results showed a diversity of procedures and actions were executed by universities to assist students continue learning, such as the quick decision to switch to eLearning. In addition, universities managed to keep students safely learning at distance; administrative and support departments managed to keep up with their duties. Results also revealed that universities were not adequately prepared for e-Learning as there were no clear and integrated plans and policies, neither they were able to manage learning within the new modality. This study proposes some future policies for universities to follow when adopting and implementing e-Learning: through e-Learning quality control policy; e-Learning assessment policy; and readiness policy in emergencies for universities.
Fine gold grains inside the limonite in the supergene Shangmanggang gold deposit, SW China: Implications for gold mobilization and mineral exploration

Supergene Au deposits have attracted economical attention because of their increased grades and more environmentally leaching. Understanding the supergene processes responsible for the Au mobilization in the surface environments is important to determine the location of concealed Au deposits. In this study, we recognized and sampled three Au-rich spatial zones in the Shangmanggang deposit in southwestern China: the hypogene, semi-oxidized, and red clay zones. The microscopic and chemical analyses of Au-bearing minerals show that (i) gold is mostly present as lattice-bound Au+ in the pyrite within the hypogene zone and (ii) numerous fine Au grains, mostly 100 × n nm to 1 × n μm in size, with a granular, spindle, or irregular shape, have been widely observed in the semi-oxidized and red clay zones, mainly inside the fissures and cavities of limonite. When exposed to an oxidizing environment, primary pyrite in the hypogene zone is gradually oxidized into limonite. With S diffusing out of the limonite, the Au in pyrite becomes rapidly activated and also diffuses into the environment as Au(S2O3)23− with a neutral or weakly alkaline pH in karst terrains. When meteoric water containing Au(S2O3)23− infiltrated the regolith profile, Au+ was reduced to elemental Au and precipitated in the limonite cavities and fissures due to their difference in the pH with the soil solution, which is an important insight into the formation of Au grains inside the limonite in the regolith. These results could provide a reference to better understand Au mobilization in the immature laterite in SW China, as well as the exploration of a potential hypogene Au deposit covered by the lateritic profile.
Classification of Breast Lesions on DCE-MRI Data Using a Fine-Tuned MobileNet

It is crucial to diagnose breast cancer early and accurately to optimize treatment. Presently, most deep learning models used for breast cancer detection cannot be used on mobile phones or low-power devices. This study intended to evaluate the capabilities of MobileNetV1 and MobileNetV2 and their fine-tuned models to differentiate malignant lesions from benign lesions in breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images (DCE-MRI).
Parity-based estimation in an SU(1,1) interferometer with photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum states

We theoretically investigate the parity-based phase estimation and the quantum Fisher information in an SU(1,1) interferometer with different phase configuration. For the parity detection, we analytically demonstrate that the signal of the measurement will hold the same for arbitrary phase configurations within the constraint of the sum of the estimated phases occur in both arms of the interferometer. When the mixing a coherent state and a photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum state (PSSVS) as the input state, we further investigate the advantage of improving phase sensitivity for such input state. Our results indicate that both phase sensitivity and resolution with the PSSVS are superior to those with the squeezed vacuum state (SVS) for a given squeezing parameter. While within a constraint on the mean photon number of these squeezed states, the PSSVS does not improve the phase sensitivity at the optimal working point ϕ=0. However, when the phase shift slightly deviates from zero, the PSSVS still holds the advantage in phase sensitivity even under the condition of the same mean photon number. Finally, we obtain the quantum Fisher information of the PSSVS and compare it with the optimal phase sensitivity.
Health Passport: A blockchain-based PHR-integrated self-sovereign identity system

During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was necessary to validate a person’s health status along with their identity to permit travel. This was facilitated via paper-based certificates and centralized digital apps. Even after COVID-19, it is anticipated that such health status verifications will be required for travel and other purposes. As a result, there needs to be an additional credential, a “Health Passport,” that establishes whether a person satisfies the health requirements for various purposes. Digital credentials so prepared should be trustable, unforgeable, and verifiable. The Health Passport should be designed to protect the end-users’ privacy and give people control over the data they use to confirm their credentials. This article explores the requirements for a generalized Health Passport system and uses agent-oriented modeling (AOM) to design a blockchain-based self-sovereign identity (SSI) system integrated with the Personal Health Record (PHR) to address this requirement. The article demonstrates the feasibility of the solution by implementing a proof of concept on Hyperledger Indy and Aries, integrated with the PHR – MediTrans. Credential issuance and verification time were calculated, and it was observed that the time overhead was minimal. This solution allows users to verify their credentials with the verifier without revealing any significant personal information. Our solution can be integrated into any PHR solution as the SSI solution is added as a plugin to the PHR accessible via a mobile/web app.
DGC‐UWnet: Underwater image enhancement based on computation‐efficient convolution and channel shuffle

Abstract Underwater image enhancement is receiving increasing attention due to many of the vision research being applied to underwater scenes. To eliminate the impact of complex underwater scenes on imaging, underwater image enhancement algorithm has become an effective solution. However, underwater image enhancement models face a challenge of lightening the model while improving generalizability. Here, DGC‐UWnet is proposed to go for both lightweight and enhancement effect. The proposed model is designed by using depthwise convolution, group convolution and channel shuffle (DGC). Ablation experiment shows that compared with standard convolution, DGC decreases model parameters and computational complexity, and improves the generalizability of the model. Qualitative and quantitative comparative experimental results show that comprehensive performances of the model can catch up with or even surpass state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) algorithms in terms of processing speed, subjective visual perception and objective evaluation metrics. In addition, application test results prove that DGC‐UWnet can be used as the pre‐processing for underwater applications of other visual algorithms such as improving performance of YOLOv5l.
A Design Practice for Social Systems

On grim winter days it is easy to feel that we live in a predatory digital ecology intentionally designed to foster negative emotions. We prime players with mechanisms that actively generate social comparison, fear of missing out, loneliness, anxiety, and polarization. Why? So our games can more easily extract their time and cash. What a sad state. As a designer of social architectures lived in by millions, I doggedly ask myself the following questions. What is a brighter path forward? What adds to our player's lives? What can we do as smart, thoughtful, caring builders to create new digital worlds that help players thrive? Because, no matter how gloomy or entrenched certain business practices might be, the future is yet to be written. We have an obligation to create design theory and practice that increases player happiness (both hedonic and eudaimonic) and health (both physical and mental). At the scale of individual players and across massive communities. I see four opportunities to turn this challenge into a reality.
The Role of Computer Technologies in Structuring Evidence Gathering in Cybercrime Investigations: A Qualitative Analysis

In recent decades, law enforcement agencies have increasingly prioritized cybercrime investigations, as evinced by the growing adoption of specialized cybercrime units and personnel. A burgeoning literature has emerged which examines cybercrime units and investigators. Yet, little attention has been given to the role of computers in shaping these investigations. This study addresses this gap through an analysis of qualitative interviews with 47 cybercrime investigative personnel including sworn detectives, civilian analysts, and unit administrators. This analysis confirms and extends prior research by exploring challenges presented by computers to cybercrime investigations including issues surrounding anonymization, encryption, jurisdiction, caseloads, backlogs, data volume, eliciting data from electronic service providers, and the ever-changing technological landscape. Also considered are the advantages offered by such technologies for cybercrime investigations. Computer and network technologies facilitate undercover investigations, provide easy access to global networks and databases, and supply large quantities of evidence to help secure convictions. Finally, this study considers elements of cybercrime investigations not supplanted by computer databases, automation, or network systems. Directions for future research and policy implications are considered.
Encoding of everyday objects in older adults: Episodic memory assessment in virtual reality

Age-related decline in episodic memory performance in otherwise healthy older adults is indisputably evident. Yet, it has been shown that under certain conditions episodic memory performance in healthy older adults' barely deviates from those seen in young adults. Here we report on the quality of object encoding in an ecologically valid, virtual-reality based memory assessment in a sample of healthy older and younger adults with comparable memory performance.We analyzed encoding by establishing both a serial and semantic clustering index and an object memory association network.As expected, semantic clustering was superior in older adults without need for additional allocation of executive resources whereas young adults tended more to rely on serial strategies. The association networks suggested a plethora of obvious but also less obvious memory organization principles, some of which indicated converging approaches between the groups as suggested by a subgraph analysis and some of which indicated diverging approaches as suggested by the respective network interconnectivity. A higher interconnectivity was observed in the older adults' association networks.We interpreted this as a consequence of superior semantic memory organization (extent to which effective semantic strategies diverged within the group). In conclusion, these results might indicate a diminished need for compensatory cognitive effort in healthy older adults when encoding and recalling everyday objects under ecologically valid conditions. Due to an enhanced and multimodal encoding model, superior crystallized abilities might be sufficient to counteract an age-related decline in various other and specific cognitive domains. This approach might potentially elucidate age-related changes in memory performance in both healthy and pathological aging.
Diagnostic Performance of Prototype Handheld Ultrasound According to the Fifth Edition of BI-RADS for Breast Ultrasound Compared with Automated Breast Ultrasound among Females with Positive Lumps

(1) Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of prototype handheld ultrasound compared to automated breast ultrasound, according to the fifth edition of BI-RADS categorization, among females with positive lumps. (2) Methods: A total of 1004 lesions in 162 participants who underwent both prototype handheld ultrasound and automated breast ultrasound were included. Two radiologists and a sonographer independently evaluated the sonographic features of each lesion according to the fifth BI-RADS edition. The kappa coefficient (κ) was calculated for each BI-RADS descriptor and final assessment category. The cross-tabulation was performed to see whether there were differences between the ABUS and prototype HHUS results. Specificity and sensitivity were evaluated and compared using the McNamar test. (3) Results: ABUS and prototype HHUS observers found the same number of breast lesions in the 324 breasts of the 162 respondents. There was no significant difference in the mean lesion size, with a maximum mean length dimension of 0.48 ± 0.33 cm. The assessment of the lesion's shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, posterior acoustic features, and calcification was obtained with good to excellent agreements between ABUS and prototype HHUS observers (κ = 0.70-1.0). There was absolutely no significant difference between ABUS and prototype HHUS in assessment of lesion except for lesion orientation p = 0.00. Diagnostic accuracy (99.8% and 97.7-98.9%), sensitivity (99.5% and 98.0-99.0%), specificity (99.8% and 99.6-99.8%), positive predictive value (98.1% and 90.3-96.2%), negative predictive value (90.0% and 84.4-88.7%), and areas under the curve (0.98 and 0.83-0.92; p < 0.05) were not significantly different between ABUS and prototype HHUS observers. (4) Conclusion: According to the fifth BI-RADS edition, automated breast ultrasound is not statistically significantly different from prototype handheld ultrasound with regard to interobserver variability and diagnostic performance.