Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
SAFEGUARDING CONSUMERS: COMBATING DECEPTION IN E-COMMERCE

This research explores the significance of protecting consumers from electronic commercial deception, focusing on the Saudi regulatory perspective. It sheds light on this crime’s societal dangers and emphasises prevention's importance. The researcher outlines the risks and characteristics of this crime, highlights Saudi regulations aimed at curbing it, and examines the types and methods of commercial fraud. The study also emphasises the preventive and remedial measures to combat fraud and presents the associated risks and precautionary strategies. The researcher approaches the topic through preliminary definitions, followed by two sections: the first addresses fraud in electronic commercial transactions and the legal and regulatory stance in four demands. In contrast, the second section explores the impact of fraud on commercial electronic contracts in four demands. The conclusion summarises the key findings and recommendations, seeking guidance from the Almighty.
DESIGN OF A FRAMEWORK FOR DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS FROM ANDROID-EMBEDDED SMARTPHONES

Mobile forensic acquisition is a critical aspect of modern criminal investigations, as mobile devices have become an essential part of our daily lives. Yet, forensic investigators aiming to extract data from current mobile devices in a forensically sound manner have faced substantial difficulties due to the robust security features of these devices, such as encryption. Conventional forensic data-collecting techniques are no longer viable, necessitating the development of new techniques that work by evading security measures and taking advantage of system flaws. The CLOUD Act is a US law that gives foreign governments the authority to demand information from US-based Cloud Service Providers or to eavesdrop on conversations, which makes it more difficult to do forensic analysis on mobile devices. To address these issues and evaluate contemporary forensic data extraction approaches in light of the contentious regulation of encryption and governmental access to encrypted devices, this article suggests a new model for mobile forensic acquisition. One of the major challenges faced by forensic investigators is the constantly evolving nature of mobile devices and their software. As manufacturers release new models with different security features and operating systems, forensic experts must adapt their techniques to keep up with these changes. Additionally, the use of encryption is becoming more widespread among consumers, which makes it more difficult for forensic experts to access data on these devices. Therefore, it is essential that forensic investigators stay up to date with the latest advancements in mobile technology and develop new techniques for data extraction that can keep pace with these advancements.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE COMPONENTS OF AI IMPACTING CUSTOMER RETENTION IN TELECOM INDUSTRY

Consumer behavior in the mobile industry, particularly consumer behaviors, has become a prominent marketing research topic. Every consumer has distinct life experiences that influence their shopping decisions. Age, employment, lifestyle, personality, and self-concept are social and personal elements that can affect a buyer's final selection. Based on tests performed on data collected, several outcomes were discovered. In this research, the participants were chosen using the technique described, and their data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Chi-Square test was used to investigate the relationship between companies and their usage of optimal service techniques. According to the study's findings, AI-powered solutions may aid organizations in encouraging customers to take action at each stage of the user life cycle.
SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE’S PERSONALITY IN CRIMINAL LAW AND THE PUNISHABILITY FOR IMPROPER OMISSION BY THE GROUP ACTING AS THEIR GUARANTOR POSITION

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the twenty-first century not only makes our life more convenient but also brings some invisible concerns. Through the study of several typical AI applications, it is found that today's AI cannot realize its full functionality without its users. Therefore, users still bear most of the legal liability for damage to legally-protected interests caused by AI. However, despite the continuous development of AI, the ways of remedy for damages to legally-protected interests, that may occur as a result of the crime of omission, arising during the logical writing of program codes are rarely conclusive. In addition to distinguishing the main framework between AI, machine learning, and deep learning in criminal law, this research arguing, based on philosophical jurisprudence, concludes that although AI has yet to meet the personality characteristics in criminal law due to its lack of independence, AI scientists or legal persons representing it must hold the guarantor position in an improper omission. This will render the scientists and legal persons punishable and relief petitions possible, supplying a considerable legal basis for future formulation of legal norms on AI based on the principle of nulla poena sine lege (no crime without law, or principle of legality).
THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN INVENTOR LEGAL STUDY

This article discusses a new challenge to the legal rules governing patent, in the event that innovation is patented by Artificial Intelligence (AI), innovations that would have more capabilities than humanity can ever boast, and thus, be able to innovate without resorting to the human element.&#x0D; One of the most important concerns in granting a patent to AI is that the legalities of the rules governing the granting of a patent required that the “person” who obtains it, be a natural or moral person. Moreover, to whom will the ownership transfers of the financial rights associated with the patent will go? Is it to the user utilizing the AI? Or the programmer who created it?&#x0D; The study recommends that these problems be addressed through, amending the legal texts in such a way as to help AI obtain an electronic legal personality, as such obtained by the moral person, and altering the standards of authenticity of innovation in place of a patent.
THE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES ON EFL STUDENTS’ CHATTING GROUP INTERACTIONS

This paper reported the analysis of the practice of politeness strategies used in WhatsApp group chatting interactions among EFL students. Intermediate level of English Education Program in one of private universities in West Java was employed because they are assumed to interact in WhatsApp group chatting. Furthermore, two research questions were formulated such as follows: 1) what kinds of politeness strategies do EFL students apply in WhatsApp chatting group interactions? and 2) what is the most dominant politeness strategy realized in EFL students’ chatting group interactions? This study utilized descriptive qualitative study to analyze and interpret the realization of politeness strategy used by the EFL students in WhatsApp chatting group interactions. The results revealed that the students used four politeness strategy types. They were bald on-record, positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, and bald off-record. Then, the most dominant type of politeness strategy in WhatsApp chatting group interactions was positive politeness strategy (47.1%). Based on the results, it was concluded that the EFL students used the entire types of the politeness strategy in the interactions of group chatting in which positive politeness strategy were used the most frequently by the students. Keywords: Teaching speaking, Team Game Tourna
THE STUDY OF USING VIDEO LYRIC TO MOTIVATE STUDENTS IN LEARNING PASSIVE VOICE

This study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using video lyric in learning passive voice toward students’ motivation and students’ perception on learning passive voice using video lyric. In collecting the data, the study used qualitative method especially case study; and triangulation method were observation, interview and questionnaire as instruments. This study was conducted at one of Senior High School in Majenang. Purposive sampling was used to select fifty three students as participants. The writer observed the activities in the classroom using naturalistic record and transcribed the conversation using notes. The writer used semi-structure interview and interpreting the answer of interviewee. The last, she gave twelve questions to the students followed by calculating the frequency and the percentage of each statement. The findings revealed that there were several steps used by teacher to give motivation in learning passive voice using video lyric: 1) giving some simulation; 2) asking students to watch some video of song; 3) asking students to sing a song together; 4) asking the students to write the lyric when the teacher explained the the passive voice; and 5) giving a treatment when the students deliver questions. Meanwhile, students perceived learning passive voice using video lyric positively. They joined with peer and other students; they also enjoyed and gave good attitude. Almost all of the students were enthusiastic when the teacher showed the video lyric. They assumed that video lyric was easier to comprehend passive voice in term of structure and formula. In addition, it improved their imagination, increased their critical thinking, creativity, and comprehension of learning experiences using new teaching aids. Using video lyric as teaching aids can help students to keep their interest in learning. It is very important for the teacher to increase their variety tools in learning activities. Keywords: Motivation, Passive voice, Video lyric.
THE USE OF CARTOON STORY MAKER SOFTWARE IN TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

The study was aimed to investigate the implementation of Cartoon Story Maker Software in the classroom. To gain the data, the author employed a qualitative case study and the data were obtained through the observation, interview and questionnaire. The author concluded that, the teacher used Cartoon Story Maker Software well in the classroom. The teacher had a strong perceptions on using Cartoon Story Maker Software that the teacher could make a good situation to motivate the students in teaching writing descriptive text. The teacher also confirmed that the students enjoyed it and it was found that almost all students (75%) preferred to learn to write descriptive text using Cartoon Story Maker Software and 25% was the rest who did not. Finally, the author provides suggestions for English teacher who teach English and students who learn English that Cartoon Story Maker Software gives the contribution to the learning process, so that the interaction in the teaching and learning process runs smoothly. Keywords: cartoon story maker software, descriptive text, writing
MALE AND FEMALE EFL JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE USE OF MIND MAPPING METHOD TO INCREASE SPEAKING ABILITY

This study investigated perception of male and female junior high school students’ on mind mapping method employing qualitative method. Classroom observation was used to get perception of male and female students before conducting the questionnaire. Interview was administered to 2 male and 2 female students from 20 students. The findings revealed that: 1) the male and female students perceived mind mapping method interesting to increase speaking ability; 2) female students were more active and enthusiastic in learning process to increase speaking ability than male; 3) female students submitted a better results of the assignments given by their teacher in effort to increase speaking ability by using mind mapping method; 4) mapping method is very helpful to increase speaking ability of male and female junior high school. This study suggests that the teacher should master and have a better understanding of mind mapping method with the purpose of equipping students various knowledge and English interest to increase their speaking ability. Keywords: gender, mind mapping, perception, speaking ability,
Dark Web and Law Enforcement the Never-Ending Battle

Abstract: What is the Web? Is it Google? Or, Facebook? Emails, messenger, Yahoo? Well, these and all other forms that we are aware of barely constitute 4% of the whole world wide web! So, are we just looking at the tip of the iceberg? What constitutes the remaining 96% of the web? Let’s understand what 96% of our web consists of, there are 3 layers of the web 1) Surface Web 2) Deep, Web and 3) Dark Web .4% of the web that we use on a daily basis consists of the Surface Web which includes our Google, Facebook, WhatsApp, etc. The remaining 96% consist of Deep Web and Dark Web. Deep Web. As the name Dark Web the word Dark actually refers to secrets stored in dark, crime, illegal activities, and creepy things. Dark Web ca n be accessed through TOR (Onion Router). According to the statistics, the US citizen accounted for 34.81% of the Dark Web daily user count. It translates to 831,911 users. Russia took second place with 11.46%, and Germany ranked third with 7.16% of total active users. These are the statistics calculated for the year 2020
Assessment of control and monitoring system design security using the attack security tree analysis method

&lt;span&gt;Because of the efficiency of the system and the fact that it successfully completed the tasks that were given to it under specific conditions, we are compelled to look for a way to measure these requirements according to the conditions and guidelines that were established by the people who make use of the system. Conduct an investigation into the many techniques that are available for use in analysis in light of the following conditions: i) sufficient time to detect the mistake, ii) time to maintenance, iii) the total number of constituents involved in the analytical process, and iv) an explanation of the level of complexity provided to the user. In this article, we will provide a concise overview of a number of different approaches, along with our recommendations for the most effective ones based on the issues raised earlier.&lt;/span&gt;
Development of a Microcontroller-Based Contact Tracing System

Since the first case of Covid-19 detected in 2019, national governments pursued to implement lockdowns and contact tracing programs to minimize the spread of the disease. Most contact tracing procedures, no matter how varied from one country to another, commonly leaned towards digital methods that made use of modern technology. Such was not the case however in the Philippines as the masses are barely able to cope with the available contact tracing scheme that requires internet connectivity. Rated as one of the countries with the slowest and most expensive internet service, most of its citizens still resort to the traditional pen-and-paper approach when registering for contact tracing upon entry in establishments. Guided by prototyping methodology, the research ventured in the development of a microcontroller-based contact tracing system that allows the participation of establishment visitors even without internet access. The system called ConTACTS, which is short for contact tracing using automated collection and tracking system, is made up of a deployable unit and a central database. The deployable unit was designed to be able to accept mobile number registrations of establishment visitors and transmit timestamped data to the central database. The design of the central database was aimed at its successful integration with a website to enable contact tracer access. The developed deployable unit features the Arduino Nano as a central hub interfacing an LCD screen, a keypad, a buzzer, a USB adapter and a GSM module. WampServer was used to develop the central database. The system was tested in terms of the ability of the deployable unit to send a confirmation message to each establishment visitor and transmit timestamped data to the central database. The overall success rate of confirmation message sending was found to be 95.86%. The device is also immaculately able to send data to the central database in an average time of 3.15 seconds so long as the device has data access.
RGB Image Encryption Algorithm Using RSA Algorithm and 3D Chaotic System

The Internet which is the global network is exposed to various threats.Therefore, the search for a better way of securing sensitive information either in transit or in storage is on the increase.A recent study on the RSA algorithm shows that gray scale images can be well secured using improved RSA algorithm that utilizes a 1-D chaotic map.However, today we have many sensitive images in RGB form and this necessitates the need to extend an improved RSA on grayscale imaging to colour imaging.In this paper, we adopted the confusion-diffusion technique where the RSA algorithm was used for image diffusion and a 3-D chaotic system called Shimizu-Morioka System was used for image confusion.A standard test image (Mandrill_colour_200.tif) was used for testing the proposed algorithm using three different sets of keys.Security analysis such as histogram uniformity analysis and correlation coefficient analysis were used in determining the strength of the proposed algorithm.Results from the analyses show that the proposed scheme is highly effective and can withstand any statistical and brute-force attacks.
Wattpad’s Role in Motivating Secondary School Students to Write a Narrative Text: A Case Study

This study aims to investigate Wattpad's role in motivating secondary school students to write narrative texts. As an online application, Wattpad offers several benefits for students, particularly those with low motivation in writing due to difficulties learning vocabulary and a lack of ideas or inspiration when composing a narrative text. Therefore, exploring the efforts of students who utilize Wattpad to develop their writing skills is interesting, specifically by using narrative texts as the application's content. This research employed a qualitative case study approach, in which the researcher conducted interviews with three 11th-grade students from SMA Negeri 1 Wringinanom during the academic year 2022/2023. The data obtained from the interviews were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The study findings revealed that Wattpad significantly motivates secondary school students to write narrative texts. The platform aids students in nurturing their imagination and discovering new vocabulary through the narrative stories on the Wattpad application. Furthermore, the study suggests that students with writing talent can further develop their skills on this platform, allowing their work to be recognized and read by a wider audience.
Application of Couple Card Media to Increase Student Activeness in Elementary Schools

This research is motivated by the need for more student activeness in learning at elementary schools. The research aims to enhance student activeness in using couple card media among elementary school students. The research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) with the Kemmis and McTaggart model design. The research implementation plan includes planning, action and observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques involve observation sheets, interviews, field notes, and documentation. Data processing techniques involve calculating average values and percentages. The results obtained in the pre-cycle phase showed that out of 30 students, only 41% (12 students) were active in the learning process. After implementing the first cycle using couple card learning media, student activeness improved but still needed to be maximized, with a percentage of 67% (20 students) being active in the learning process. Following the implementation of the second cycle, student activeness significantly increased and reached the predetermined threshold set by the researcher as an indicator of activeness in learning. The percentage obtained was 89% (27 students) actively engaged during the learning process.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KARTU POP UP DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS III SDN 1 TAMBAKREJO

The selection of appropriate learning media greatly affects achievement and learning outcomes, visual media such as images, videos, and animations can increase effectiveness in language learning. One of the appropriate learning media used in learning Indonesian is by using pop-up card media. This study aims to examine the use of pop-up card media in improving the learning outcomes of Indonesian language of third grade students of SDN 1 Tambakrejo through class action research. This research was conducted over two cycles involving 11 students as research subjects. The method used in this research is classroom action which consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Pop-up card media was used as a learning tool in Indonesian language teaching. Pop-up cards significantly improved the Indonesian language learning outcomes of third grade students of SDN 1 Tambakrejo. The average score and percentage of success increased from pre-cycle (60.45%), increased in cycle 1 (76.64%), until at the end of cycle 2 it significantly increased to (79.82%). In addition, this study also showed that the use of pop-up card media had a positive impact on students' interest and motivation to learn. Learners showed high enthusiasm in using pop-up cards and they showed active participation in Indonesian language learning. Based on the research that has been carried out in class III SDN 1 Tambakrejo, it is stated that the use of pop-up card media in Indonesian language lessons has a consistent increase in learning outcomes seen from the development of cycle 1 to cycle 2 by 28%.
A Physical Theory of Information Vs. A Mathematical Theory of Communication

This article introduces a general notion of physical bit information that is compatible with the basics of quantum mechanics and incorporates the Shannon entropy as a special case. This notion of physical information leads to the Binary data matrix model (BDM), which predicts the basic results of quantum mechanics, general relativity, and black hole thermodynamics. The compatibility of the model with holographic, information conservation, and Landauer’s principle are investigated. After deriving the “Bit Information principle” as a consequence of BDM, the fundamental equations of Planck, De Broglie, Bekenstein, and mass-energy equivalence are derived.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SDN SIDOMULYO 1 PADA TEMA 7 MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL JIGSAW BERBANTUAN MEDIA POWTOON

Learning outcomes are the achievements obtained by students after carrying out learning activities, the learning outcomes will later be seen as an increase from the students themselves. To achieve good learning outcomes the teacher must use learning models and learning media to support the learning process. The jigsaw model itself is a group learning model that can activate students in the learning process and the use of powtoon media in the form of learning videos can increase student learning interest. This study aims to determine the increase in student learning outcomes using the Jigsaw model assisted by Powtoon media. Classroom action research was carried out at SDN Sidomulyo 1 with 36 students as research subjects. The research lasted for two cycles, the independent variable was the jigsaw model and the dependent variable was learning outcomes. Student learning outcomes experienced an increase starting from cycle I obtaining a minimum completeness criterion of 69.44% and increasing to 78%.