Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
“”? Texting Scenes: Digital <i>Schreibzeug</i> &amp; Emoji Activism

Emoji characters have become indispensable elements of our communication practice. Generally used to express moods or gestures, to clarify or obscure meaning, and to boost a message’s illocutionary force, emoji have expanded our communicative options considerably. And while they have also doubtlessly aided in facilitating international and cross-cultural communication, emoji’s declared goal, to enable “universal” communication, raises questions about this “universalism’s” shapes, forms, and colors. Emoji, this article argues, require us to attend to the texting scene they imply. Their specific history and materiality point to the mechanisms of exclusion emoji, however involuntarily, perpetuate. The article illustrates this in two steps. After a brief discussion of emoji’s history and precursors, including punctuation marks (Satzzeichen) and typographical gestalts such as emoticons, the article considers the influence of political protest on the evolution of our communicative and technological means, including emoji’s repertoire. A close look at the interplay of political activism and its “Schreibzeug” sheds light on the co-constitutive nature of (political) visions and their (esthetic) visualizations.
Open Heritage Data: An Introduction to Research, Publishing and Programming with Open Data in the Heritage Sector

"Open Heritage Data: An Introduction to Research, Publishing and Programming with Open Data in the Heritage Sector." Journal of Web Librarianship, 17(3), pp. 73–74
STUDENTS AND TEACHERSâ€™ PERCEPTIONS CONCERNING SMARTPHONE USAGE IN EFL LEARNING

The infancy of research on junior high school students and English teachers in the border areas concerning the implementation of smartphones in English learning triggered the researchers to conduct a study to deal with the phenomenon. Hence, a recent study was undertaken to acquire the following goals. 1) to identify the level of smartphone utilization as a medium of learning English at SMP Satap Sono and SMPN Napan. 2) to know the perception of the students and English teachers of SMP Satap Sono and SMPN Napan towards using smartphones as a medium for learning English. This study embraced 60 participants comprising 30 students from SMPN Napan and 30 from SMPN Sono, as well as 3 English teachers from the two schools. The research design applied was qualitative descriptive. To procure data, the researchers applied three instruments: questionnaires, interviews, and class observation. The researchers observed the learning process in which English teachers and students incorporated smartphones, distributed questionnaires to the students and the English teachers, and interviewed the students and the English teachers concerning the implementation of smartphones as a medium in English learning. Further, the data were scrutinized by a descriptive method. Research results signified that the level of using the smartphone in learning English for the students and English teachers in SMP Satap Sono and SMPN Napan was categorized as low. On the contrary, the English teachers and the students had positive perceptions of the application of smartphones to support English learning. Then, the current study could inform the English teachers at the two schools on how their students perceive the integration of smartphones. Henceforth, it is expected that the subsequent researchers could explore a variety of English learning applications to be applied by the students and teachers at the border area.
Phase-Noise-Insensitive Orthogonality Verification of Single-Photon-Level Temporal Modes

Photonic quantum technologies are a rapidly developing field. We seek new ways for storing more information in a single photon. One of the promising ways for multidimensional storage is using temporal modes of single photons (either time-bin or structured modes such as Hermitte-Gaussian modes) enabling us to send more information per photon using their theoretically unlimited dimensionality [1], [2]. Moreover, temporal modes offer high stability, ease of detection and creation.
The Demonstration of Photorefractive Synaptic Connections for an Integrated Photonic Crossbar Array

For the past decade, the progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has been requiring an exponential size increase of artificial neural networks (ANN), at a rate close to 10 times that of Moore's law [1]. Consequently, the signal processing in ANNs is fueling a compute demand that is unsustainable for general-purpose computers, both in terms of energy and hardware requirements [1], [2].
Observation of the Quantum Gouy Phase

Photonic N00N states, i.e., states of light where N photons are in an extremal superposition between two orthogonal states <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\vert N,0\rangle +\vert 0,N\rangle)$</tex> , have an increased phase-sensitivity in comparison to their classical counterparts. Using the sensitivity offered by N00N states, in conjunction with the intrinsic properties of transverse-spatial modes, enables new measurement schemes with sensitivities beyond the classically allowed limits and opens up possibilities to investigate the behaviour of different quantum states.
Unconventional Computing based on Four Wave Mixing in Highly Nonlinear Media

Nowadays, photonic analog computing in the form of neuromorphic photonics or photonic neural networks has resulted in powerful hardware platforms that accelerate difficult tasks with marginal power consumption. Although linear transformations are efficiently carried out in the optical domain, nonlinear transformations are also of paramount importance. Here, we propose four wave mixing (FWM) process as an elegant solution for the generation of diverse nonlinear higher order products of an original signal. On one hand, these products can act as activation functions in different types of neural networks, either recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and reservoir computers or in any other type of brain-inspired frameworks. On the other hand, the same products can form the basis for polynomial regression which is a very powerful technique used in machine learning in different tasks i.e. for the prediction of COVID-19 transmission [1].
Novel Scheme for Clock Synchronisation in Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Systems with Discrete Modulation

In practicable CV-QKD systems one major challenge is to synchronise the time scales of the free running electronics at Alice (A) and Bob's (B) site and the free running true local oscillator (TLO) in the coherent receiver. For the correct phase estimation of the discrete symbols and the mitigation of the phase noise of the lasers some phase reference is required. Reference signals can be multiplexed with the quantum signal in time, frequency or polarisation domain [1]. In some CV-QKD experiments this is achieved by using an extra wavelength which requires additional hardware [2]. In [3] we proposed the use of auxiliary signals in an 8-PSK 40 MBd system. The advantage of this pilot-assisted clock recovery is that it works independently of the quantum signal and without training symbols. On the other hand, the necessary second pilot occupies DAC and ADC bandwidth. In the receiver DSP constructive interference of both pilots must be realized. This requires knowledge of the clock ratio before phase noise compensation. To simplify the signal processing, we propose to use two very stable Rubidium clocks at A and B which can be disciplined with the time reference broadcast by GPS [4].
Implementation of an Optoacoustic Activation Function based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as powerful tools, which for example accelerate research on COVID-19. They solve challenging tasks by taking advantage of their self-learning abilities and nonlinearity [1], [2]. However, the freedom gained through the complexity of ANNs leads to computational intense model training, eventually consuming a lot of energy [3]. One possible solution to overcome the current issues could be by transferring ANNs into the optical domain. For instance, Shen et al. have demonstrated the rich capabilities of optical neural networks (ONNs) [4]. A key element of an ANN and ONN is its nonlinear activation function, however, only a few all-optical approaches are published. In addition, those published are frequency insensitive, limiting the maximum data bandwidth throughput.
Hong-Ou-Mandel Effect Between a Thermal Field and a Heralded Single-Photon State: Improved Visibility by Multiphoton Components

The heralding technique has been widely deployed as a statistical approach to approximate deterministic single-photon states from the spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) process. As necessary for the two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect, the single frequency mode preparation of heralded single-photon states – which can be achieved by removing frequency correlations – introduces thermal characteristics to the heralded state, whose impact on the HOM visibility has not been explicitly studied so far.
Two-Photon Emission and Correlations from a Superlattice-Based Superconducting Light-Emitting Structure

Superconductor-semiconductor hybrid devices are an evolving field, combining the technologically mature semiconductors with the unique properties of superconductors, utilized in quantum computing, information and communications. Radiative recombination of Cooper pairs in superconducting light-emitting diodes (SLED) results in superconductor-enhanced light emission. The theory behind this effect is based on a two-photon interaction with Cooper pairs, predicted to enable polarization-entangled photon pairs [1], two-photon amplification in waveguides [2] and Bell-state analyzers [3].
Quantum Computation and Quantum Simulation with Strings of Trapped Ca+ Ions

The state-of-the-art of the Innsbruck trapped-ion quantum computer [1] is briefly reviewed. We present an overview on the available quantum toolbox and discuss the scalability of the approach. With up to 50 fully controlled ion qubits we perform quantum simulations investigating quantum transport [2] and emerging hydrodynamics features [3]. Employing the quantum toolbox for entanglement-enhanced Ramsey interferometry, we find optimal parameters for quantum metrology [4]. Quantum computers can be protected from noise by encoding the logical quantum information redundantly into multiple qubits using error-correcting codes. Manipulating logical quantum states by imperfect operations requires that all operations on the quantum register obey a fault-tolerant circuit design to avoid spreading uncontrolled errors. We demonstrate a fault-tolerant universal set of gates on two logical qubits in the trapped-ion quantum computer [5].
Experimental Investigation of Refractory Time of Optically Induced Spiking in Resonant Tunnelling Diode Photodiodes

We report experimental investigation of time refractory time on optoelectronic neuromorphic receiver circuit built with a nanoscale resonant tunnelling diode-photodetector (RTD-PD), capable to produce optically induced spiking events with nanosecond repetition rate. RTDs are voltage-controlled nano-electronic semiconductor epilayer elements that includes a double barrier quantum well structure which due to the resonant tunnelling effect has an N-shaped current-voltage (IV) curve exhibiting wide-bandwidth negative differential conductance (NDC), which provides electrical gain and amplification [1]. The RTD-PDs employed consist of a InGaAlAs/InP based double barrier quantum well (DBQW) RTD that incorporates a 250 nm InGaAs layer adjacent to the DBQW for light absorption in the wavelength range ∼1000 nm to ∼1600 nm. An RTD-PD can be used to implement controllable excitability in RTD-PD driving circuits where the load line intersects the RTD-PD I-V just in one of the PDC regions not far from the NDC region, procuring an all-or-none response depending on the amplitude of the optical stimulus. Fig. 1(a) shows the equivalent lumped electrical schematics of RTD-PD based light-triggered spike firing circuit – the RTD-PD consist of a InGaAs/AlAs RTD with a 100 nm intentionally added InGaAs spacer layer for light absorption [2]; Fig. 1(b) describes the generic path of the circuit operating point when the optical pulse intensity overcomes the firing threshold; Fig. 1(c) presents the typical spike response to an optical stimulus of a regular train of optical pulses - the optical pulses are 1 ns long, being coupled to the RTD-PD via a single mode optical fiber, and the circuit response was measured using a high-bandwidth oscilloscope (for more details see [2]); and Fig. 1(d) show the circuit smallest possible separation between two consecutive spikes ≈2.5 ns, corresponding to the refractory or restoring time of the excitable circuit.
Universal Photonic Quantum Gate by Cooper-pair-based Optical Nonlinearity

Quantum information processing (QIP) can provide exponential speedup of various computational algorithms physically proven data security. Many realizations of QIP employ photons as qubits in applications such as cryptography [1], computing [2], [3], and teleportation [4]. Despite their many uses, implementing photon-based quantum gates is extremely challenging due to the very weak photon-photon interaction in practical materials [5]. Lately, a field of superconducting optoelectronics emerged, investigating light-matter interaction in semiconductor-superconductor structures [6], [7]. Such interactions were shown to result in novel processes based on strongly-enhanced optical nonlinearities, including spontaneous two-photon emission [8] and two-photon gain [9], enabling various aspects of QIP such as full Bell state analysis [10] and entangled-photon generation [11]. Nevertheless, a complete infrastructure for superconductor-based photonic quantum information processing requires quantum gate schemes, which have not been studied so far.
A Franson Interferometer for Broadband Frequency-Entangled Photon Pairs

In a Franson interferometer two-photon interference fringes occur despite the photons never encountering each other [1]. This phenomenon is a fundamental demonstration of the nonlocal nature of quantum mechanics. It serves also as a direct proof of frequency-time-entanglement. Furthermore, it can benefit not only from local, but also nonlocal dispersion cancellation techniques [2], which is a very useful property when working with spectrally broad photon pairs. More specifically, one has to distinguish between dispersion occuring before the individual Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), which constitute the Franson interferometer, and within them. Analysis of influences up to second order has shown that no loss of contrast can be expected from dispersion before the Franson interferometer. Differential second-order dispersion inside the interferometer, however, can cause a reduction of contrast in the interferogram [3].
Atom-Mediated Nonlinear Sources of Quantum Light

Sources of highly nonclassical light are important building blocks of many proposed implementations of optical quantum technologies [1]. The most common realisations of nonclassical light sources are either based on two-level quantum emitters or on nonlinear sources of photon pairs and squeezed light [2] and are generally limited in the properties of the quantum states of light they can efficiently generate: single-photon states for two-level systems and squeezed states (with a Gaussian Wigner function) for nonlinear sources.
Underwater Transmission of Mesoscopic Twin-Beam States for Applications in Quantum Communication

Quantum resources can improve the security of information transmission between two parties. So far, Quantum Communication protocols have been implemented at the single-photon level by means of entangled states [1]. In contrast to this domain, where the presence of losses can reduce the transmission rate of information [2], in the mesoscopic one the optical pulses contain sizeable numbers of photons, thus resulting more robust against any kind of external degradation [3]. In a recent work of ours, we have demonstrated that the transmission of one arm of a twin-beam (TWB) state through a lossy and noisy channel does not prevent the observation of nonclassical correlations between the two parties [4]. Based on these successful results, here we consider a more realistic scenario, in which a portion of TWB produced in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\beta$</tex> -Barium Borate (BBO) crystal is sent through water-filled tubes, while the other one undergoes free-space propagation [5]. We investigate the role played by the length of the tubes, the number of optical elements (OE), and the divergence of the beams through the different media. We demonstrate that, by properly acting on the light beams, we can still observe nonclassical correlations at moderate distances by using the noise reduction factor, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$R$</tex> , as a criterion for nonclassicality. The experimental implementations involve commercial photon-number-resolving (PNR) detectors. In particular, hybrid photodetectors and Silicon Photomultipliers have been used and compared.
Rydberg Atomic Microwave-to-Optical Converter in a Free-Space Continuous-Wave Operation Mode

The task of bridging energetically distant domains of microwave (MW) and optical photons presents an outstanding challenge to modern photonics and quantum communication science. From enabling hybrid quantum networks [1] to giving the basis for next-generation sensors in fundamental and observational astronomy [2], to allowing for coherent GHz and THz imaging, a plethora of applications emerges from photonic conversion.
Performance Enhancement via Synaptic Plasticity in an Integrated Photonic Recurrent Neural Network with Phase-Change Materials

Synaptic plasticity, i.e. the ability of synaptic connections to strengthen or weaken depending on their input, is a fundamental component of learning and memory in biological neural networks [1]. This property allows the network parameters to directly adapt to the input signal, thus without being externally tuned by a training algorithm. In contrast with this paradigm, the most popular and successful artificial neural network (ANN) models are nowadays based on backpropagation, which usually requires full observability of the network states and precise parameter tuning. In practice, these requirements strongly limit the scalability of neuromorphic hardware and backpropagation is not considered biologically plausible [2].
Phase vs. Intensity Encoding in an Experimental Time Delay Reservoir Computing Scheme

Semiconductor lasers (SLs) with delayed optical feedback and external optical injection have been demonstrated as photonic reservoir computers. Here, we use the time delay-based reservoir computing approach (TDRC) to compare two different encoding schemes at the input of the reservoir, by encoding the information in either the phase or the amplitude of the electric field. For the nonlinear Santa Fe time series prediction task and under optimized operating conditions, we experimentally show an improvement of the performance when considering phase encoding.
A Large Photonic Spiking Neural Network

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are inspired by biological neural networks, where transfer of information takes place via momentary pulses, called action potential or spikes. Unlike traditional neurons in Artificial neural networks (ANNs), spike-events are sparse and capable of encoding temporal information. Considering this cutting edge benefits provided by this, for e.g. hardware friendliness and sparsity induced energy efficiency [1], we have designed and experimentally implemented a photonic liquid state machine (LSM) [2] based on photonic recurrent SNNs [3]. Our scalable proof-of-concept experiment comprises more than 30,000 excitable neurons and is the first large-scale test-bed system for next-generation bio inspired learning concepts in photonic ANNs.
A Qualitative Study on the Emotional Labor Experience and Response of Female Fire Officials

This is a phenomenological study in which seven female firefighters, who experienced emotional labor while performing public services like accident investigation and rescue, were interviewed about their difficulties, psychology and coping, and desires for institutional improvement due to emotional labor and violence during work. This study derived two categories, four theme clusters, and the following ten themes: “An emotional trash can that is required to be unconditionally kind,” “Violence and profanity from citizens flying out of nowhere,” “Female firefighters are seen as weak and unworthy,” “Female firefighters face discrimination even within the organization,” “Doubt and frustration about my job,” “Repeated anxiety and fear,” “My way of shaking off emotional labor” “Emotional labor coping system established within the organization,” “Slowly but surely changing atmosphere within the organization,” and “The beginning of a step toward a better environment.” This study’s findings provide several clinical, policy, and practical implications for creating safe working environments for women firefighters.
Building a Stronger Grid: How Blockchain Can Improve Smart Grid Resilience

Smart grids are a critical component of the energy sector, enabling more efficient and sustainable energy management. A vital part of the energy industry, smart grids allow for more effective and sustainable energy management. These grids, however, undergo severe resilience and security issues. In order to address these issues, blockchain enhances data security, privacy, and transparency. This article gives a general overview of blockchain technology, outlining its definition, key characteristics, and several classifications. It then analyzes various blockchain-based solutions for smart grid resilience, including peer-to-peer energy trading, decentralized energy management, safe data sharing, grid maintenance and optimization. It provides case studies of blockchain-based strategies for smart grid resilience that have been put into practice globally. The article covers the technical difficulties of deploying blockchain-based smart grid systems, including scalability, interoperability, cost and evaluates the advantages and drawbacks of each approach. Overall, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential of blockchain technology for improving smart grid resilience and efficiency.