Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
ArmSpeech-POS: Eastern Armenian Part-of-Speech Tagged Corpus

Text chunking, Part-of-speech (POS) tagging, and named entity recognition (NER) are fundamental tasks in natural language processing (NLP). Part-of-speech (POS) tagging involves assigning grammatical labels to words in a sentence. Research shows that Armenian is a low-resourced language and there are not enough materials for developing higher accurate part-of-speech tagging systems in the Armenian language. This paper presents a fresh dataset for POS tagging in Armenian that follows the naming conventions of both Penn Treebank and Universal Dependencies tagsets, with two versions available. The dataset consists of 6081 sentences that were automatically annotated and then manually verified. The data was sourced from Armenian news websites, focusing on topics such as culture, medicine, and lifestyle, as well as 22 Armenian fairytales. The reason for having two versions of the POS tagset was to ensure compatibility and integration with all-natural language processing tools and models that use these standards. By standardizing the tagset, it becomes easier to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of different POS tagging models. The paper also describes data collection, cleaning, preprocessing, and processing steps. The ISMA translator was used for the annotation of the dataset, which not only performs machine translation but also conducts a syntactic and semantic analysis of the text and assigns a POS tag for each word in the sentence. The final corpus contains 13 groups of part-of-speech tags and a total of 57160 tagged tokens including the distinction between singular and plural parts of speech.
ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCES TEXT RELATIONSHIP (ETR) METHOD IN THE JOURNAL ARTICLE

Reading was an activity of seeing, observing a series of written symbols and understanding the information contained in a paragraph. Reading be important skill that must be mastery by students. The aimed of the research were to describe the students’ problem in learning Reading Comprehension and to describe Experiment-Text-Relationship (ETR) method play a role in improving students' reading comprehension. This research designed in qualitative method that focused in library research. The subject in this research was seven articles that published in the journals. In collecting the data, the writer reding research article in ETR and in analyzing the data, the writer identifying and classifiying. The results showed : students had less spirit in following the lesson and they confuse about understanding part of the reading skills. After used Experiment-Text-Relationship (ETR) method, students’ score were increase ftom the post test data. It can be concluding that Experiment-Text-Relationship (ETR) method as solution in teaching reading comprehension.
THE USE OF ROUND TABLE TECHNIQUE FOR TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION TO THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS

The problem of this study was “was significantly effective to teach reading comprehension by using Round Table Technique to the eighth students?” Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out whether or not it was effective to teach reading comprehension by using Round Table Technique to the eighth grade students. The pre–experimental was applied in this study with one group pre-test and post-test design. The population in this study was all the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau that consisted of 181 students. The sample 26 was taken through cluster random sampling. There were analyzed through four technique; (1) individual score, (2) Conversional of individual score based on Minimum Mastery Criteria (MMC), (3) Normality Testing, and (4) Matched t-test. The result of this study were (1) the average score in pre-test was 44.46 (2) the average score in the post-test was 75.38 and the result matched t-test was 10.287 , which higher than 1,708 t-table. The critical value of 95% with degree of freedom (df) = 25 (26-1) significant level was 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative (Ha) was accepted. It was means that it is effective to teach reading comprehension by using Round Table Technique to the eighth grade students.
The Closed Discussion of English Learning Group with Writing Based in Facebook

This study investigated the participants’ performance in the closed discussion of English learning group. This research purpose is to know the distinction between the official and un-official discussion of English learning in writing based. The taking notices is the instrument of this research that adopted from the recommended previous articles. The results, the most participants really respect on the daily topics and grammar. The daily topic is displaied in humorous caption that can activate participants to give some different comments. Absolutely, it can enrich the participants’ vocabularies. The grammatical skill is also performed in posting and commenting technique, it enables participants to personally practice their grammar knowledge, and this technique encourages the participants’ self-confident to write a sentence in the correct tenses.
STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTY IN WRITING ENGLISH: AFFECTED BY VOCABULARY SKILLS

The title of this study “Students’ Difficulty in Writing English : Affected by Vocabulary Skills” or to create a sentence is to understand or how vocabulary skills affect high school students. The subject of this survey consists of second level students from SMA Raksana Medan. There were 40 students. Most of them were sampled of this study. The data in this study were obtained through test writing or sentence formation and were the most difficult compared to cognitive difficulties (organizational and mechanical aspects). In english, there are four skills in English (speaking, writing, listening and reading). Writing is one of important component of English skills that concerned by English teachers in SMA Raksana Medan. Writing relate on every teaching and learning activities in English. There are some difficulties and challenges on writing english. Especially, this study focused on how vocabulary skill give problems or difficulties impact on writing english.
The Study of the students’ Speaking Performance in Demonstrating Product Advertising

This Study discusses analyzing the students’ speaking performance in demonstrating the product advertising. There were 24 second-semester students of the English Language Study Program of a private university who participated in this study. The researchers conducted this study by analyzing the students’ speaking scores and categorizing the students’ speaking achievements into five levels of ability. There were five levels of ability that cover the aspects of speaking skills. Those levels are poor, fair, average, good, and excellent. The finding showed that the excellent level contributed as 42 %, then average and good level have the same percentage as 25 % and the two last levels were fair and poor got 4 % for each of them. The average score of students’ speaking performance in demonstrating the product advertising was at a good level. It could be described that the students’ speaking performance was good, both in students cognitive and mental preparation.&#x0D; &#x0D;
TEACHING READING BY USING ANNOTATING TEXT STRATEGY TO IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF ELEVENTH GRADERS AT SMA NEGERI 3 PAGARALAM

The title of this thesis is Teaching Reading by Using Annotating Text Strategy to Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension of Eleventh Graders at SMA Negeri 3 Pagar Alam. The problem of this study was there any significant improvment of the student’s reading comprehension who were taught by used Annotating Text Strategy and those who were not to the eleventh graders of SMA Negeri 3 Pagar Alam. The objective of this study was to identify whether or not the used of Annotating Text Strategy was effective to improved the students' reading comprehension. The test was used in this study with 10 meetings of treatment including pre-test and post-tests. The population was 188 taken from all of eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Pagaralam in academic years 2017/2018. The sample was 66 students were taken by purposive sampling technique. The writer took the sample from 2 classes; they were XI IPA 1 as an experimental group and XI IPA 2 as control group. Quasi experimental method was applied. The data was selected by using multiple choice and consist 30 (thirty) of quesions . The data were analyzed by using paired Sample t test and independent t test. The result of paired sample t-test found t-obtained 3.763 with significant 0.000 it was higher than t-table was 2.654. It means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It can be concluded there was Annotating Text Strategy improved students’ in teaching reading comprehension on Narrative text.
Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Competitive Advantage and Leadership Style in Financial Institutions

Knowledge generation, transfer, distribution and sharing, and knowledge application are among the essential knowledge management processes. All these processes refer to the generation and acquisition of knowledge through the person's effort of innovative ideas. Thus, new knowledge is constantly generated within organisations. Then this knowledge or current ideas and information are transferred and distributed within the bank by exchanging information and experiences among employees and applying this knowledge to facilitate and obtain all employees data and information. In this study, the theoretical frameworks were reviewed in terms of the subject of this paper in the relationship between knowledge sharing and competitive advantage. The study clarified the relationship between knowledge management and competitive advantage on the leadership style. This study highlighted its contribution to enriching scientific Research in the field of management, especially in banks, and its knowledge management processes to achieve competitive advantage
THE POWERFUL OF ENGLISH LEARNING STRATEGIES APPLIED BY STUDENTS IN TEFL

This research was to identify students’s English learning strategies. Seventh grade students in VII.3 at SMP Negeri B.Srikaton was the subject. Method in this research was survey research design. The researcher used questionnaire of Strategy Inventory for language learning (SILL) by Rebecca L. Oxford and interview. In analyzing the data, researcher used four steps; they were identification, classification, description and conclusion. Based on the result of data analysis, it was found there were 6 kinds English learning strategies used by students. The strategies were memory strategies, cognitive strategies, compensation strategies, metacognitive strategies, affective strategies and social strategies. The most dominant strategy in English learning strategies was metacognitive strategy with the total 9 students. The second 8 students was cognitive strategy. The third, affective strategies 8 students. The next, 7 students was memory strategies. Then, social strategy with 2 students and the least, compensation strategy only had 2 students
The Implementation of Online English Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a very significant impact on human life. Various aspects of life are affected, including the realm of education which has turned online and has various impacts on the level of success in its implementation. This study aims to see how the implementation of online English learning during the pandemic. There are various problems including, some students lack facilities to support their online learning; It is difficult for teachers to get grades and catch up with student assignments which are hampered by various facilities constraints; the lack of sensitivity of parents to their important role in every online learning activity and the difficulty of achieving learning goals which are limited to essential materials only. Based on the results of the study, the solution to this problem is to collect assignments offline, provide understanding to parents of students about the importance of mentoring and allocation of aid funds in schools to help students who lack facilities.
Listening Strategies Employed by the Students at the Tertiary Level in EFL Setting

The objective of this research is to investigate the listening strategies employed by the students at the tertiary level in EFL setting. The current study used descriptive approach which involved six students. They are the representative from the low, medium and high ability students. To achieve the objective of this research, the researchers used interview guideline as the instrument to collect the data. The findings showed that from those six strategies, there were only five strategies which are employed by the students; namely social startegy, cognitive strategy, compensation strategy, metacognitive strategy and affective strategy. From the result of this research, it can be concluded that memory strategy is not employed by the students.
Parallel methods and algorithms for solving problems of digital filtering of data arrays

A quasisystolic computation method for solving digital filtering problems of various dimensions on specialized computing means – quasisystolic structures is proposed. This method makes it possible to build parallel-pipeline computation algorithms that are optimal in speed and memory usage. Based on the ideas of the pyramid method for parallelization of cycles, parallel algorithms with autonomous branches were built for solving filtering problems on clusters, hybrid architectures and computers with a multi-core processor. Theoretical speed-up estimates were obtained, which confirm the high efficiency of the constructed parallel filtering algorithms. For individual algorithms with autonomous branches, real speed-up estimates were obtained, which are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The obtained results can be used for preliminary processing of large arrays of input data in various subject areas
Evaluating the Impact of Immersive Technology on Spatial Ability Development in Beginning Architecture Students

This study investigates the pedagogical impact virtual reality (VR) has on design education for beginning architecture students by examining how VR affects spatial visualization skills (SVS) development. In order to examine the effects of VR, a pilot study was conducted in the Spring of 2018 to evaluate the training, experimental method, and testing procedures and instruments that could be used in a future study. We com¬pared the SVS performance of eight 1st year architectures students who used VR to completed mental-rotation exercises with four 1st year architectures students who completed the same exercises sketching on paper. The results indicated a correlation between intervention training and improvement from pretest to posttest, suggesting a change in mental rotation abilities. Participants using VR completed the exercises more successfully than the group sketching on paper. However, the paper-sketching group showed greater improvement in the pretest/posttest scores indicating spatial ability training, problem solving, and cognitive benefits experienced in an immersive environment might not translate to real-world situations. The goal of the exploratory study was to better understand the impact that VR might have on architecture design education through an evaluation of its direct effect on spatial visualization skills in beginning architecture students. The results of the study emphasize the need for adequate sample sizes and while the study did not yield statistically significant results, it does offer a suitable framework for future research to build on.
Leveraging Commonsense for Object Localisation in Partial Scenes

We propose an end-to-end solution to address the problem of object localisation in partial scenes, where we aim to estimate the position of an object in an unknown area given only a partial 3D scan of the scene. We propose a novel scene representation to facilitate the geometric reasoning, Directed Spatial Commonsense Graph (D-SCG), a spatial scene graph that is enriched with additional concept nodes from a commonsense knowledge base. Specifically, the nodes of D-SCG represent the scene objects and the edges are their relative positions. Each object node is then connected via different commonsense relationships to a set of concept nodes. With the proposed graph-based scene representation, we estimate the unknown position of the target object using a Graph Neural Network that implements a sparse attentional message passing mechanism. The network first predicts the relative positions between the target object and each visible object by learning a rich representation of the objects via aggregating both the object nodes and the concept nodes in D-SCG. These relative positions then are merged to obtain the final position. We evaluate our method using Partial ScanNet, improving the state-of-the-art by 5.9% in terms of the localisation accuracy at a 8x faster training speed.
Minat dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two

This study aims to determine the interest in learning mathematics of students who take part in the Two Stay Two Stray Cooperative Learning Model and whether the learning outcomes of students who take part in the Two Stay Two Stray Cooperative Learning Model are better than the results of students who take conventional learning in Class VIII MTsN 9 Padang Pariaman Academic Year 2022/2023. This type of research is pre-experimental with the research design The Static Group Comparison Design. The population in this study were all grade VIII students of MTsN 9 Padang Pariaman for the 2022/2023 academic year. The sampling was carried out randomly by first testing the normality, homogeneity and average similarity of the population data. The samples in this study were students of class VIII.2 as the experimental class and students of class VIII.3 as the control class. The results showed that students' interest in learning mathematics in class VIII MTsN 9 Padang Pariaman who took part in learning the Cooperative Type Two Stay Two Stray learning model was 76.99% with strong criteria. Students' mathematics learning outcomes were processed using the t-test at a significant level α = 0.05, the value of tcount &gt; ttable was obtained, namely 3.42 &gt; 1.68; whereas with Minitab Software obtained P-value &lt;α, namely 0.001 &lt;0.05, so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. So, it can be concluded that the mathematics learning outcomes of students who take the Two Stay Two Stray Cooperative learning model are better than those who take conventional learning in class VIII MTsN 9 Padang Pariaman in the 2022/2023 Academic Year. Keyword : Interest in Learning, Learning Outcomes, Type Two Stay Two Stray Cooperative Learning Model
Assessing the replication landscape in experimental linguistics

Replications are an integral part of cumulative experimental science. Yet many scientific disciplines do not replicate much because novel confirmatory findings are valued over direct replications. To provide a systematic assessment of the replication landscape in experimental linguistics, the present study estimated replication rates for over 50,000 articles across 98 journals. We used automatic string matching using the Web of Science combined with in-depth manual inspections of 274 papers. The median rate of mentioning the search string “replicat*” was as low as 1.7%. Subsequent manual analyses of articles containing the search string revealed that only 4% of these contained a direct replication, i.e., a study that aims to arrive at the same scientific conclusions as an initial study by using exactly the same methodology. Less than half of these direct replications were performed by independent researchers. Thus our data suggest that only 1 in 1250 experimental linguistic articles contains an independent direct replication. We conclude that, similar to neighboring disciplines, experimental linguistics replicates very little, a state of affairs that should be reflected upon.
Student Activity Oriented Learning (PBAS) Against Students' Poetry Reading Ability

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of student activity-oriented learning strategies on students' ability to read poetry. This research was conducted at the YWKA Medan Private Vocational School which is located on Jalan Bengkel, Pulo Brayan Village, Medan City. The population of this study were all class X BM students at YWKA Private Vocational Schools in the 2019/2020 Academic Year. The sample taken was class X majoring in Business Management at SMK YWKA for the 2019/2020 Academic Year with a total of 30 students. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method. Research Instruments are tools used to collect research data. To obtain data in the research, a data collection tool called an instrument was used in the form of an oral test to measure students' ability to read poetry. Based on the pretest results, the average value was 68.67 and the post-test results obtained an average value of 77.30. Thus, it can be concluded that "There is effectiveness in the ability to read poetry by class X BM BM YWKA Private Vocational Schools for the 2019/2020 Academic Year
NEED ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE USED FOR STUDENTS IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT

This need analysis research aimed to know the source of information that studentsâ€™ need in the necessities, lacks and wants related to the studentsâ€™ vocational area.Â This study was a qualitative research and the data collected by the primary data of questionnaire to 39 students, teacher interview and the secondary data was the documentation of syllabus. According to Target Situational Analysis (TSA) of students needs in Hospitality Industry Department of Muhammadiyah Vocational High School 3 of Palembang, synchronized with interview and documentation, the students questionnaire revealed the â€œNecessitiesâ€ were 81.5% or slightly high to upgrading their skills, not only for the requirement at school. Students â€œLacksâ€ in learning English for Specifics Purpose were 61.45% because the students lack of vocabulary. And the potential skills that students need according the â€œwantsâ€ in learning English shows that the most wanted skill is, 1) Speaking (80.95%), 2) Listening (80.8%), 3) Reading (75.9%) and lastly, 4) Writing (75%).Â Â Related to the students needs, the students must practice more and aware with the English as the future needs in academic, career and personal interest to become capable and proficient as the communicative skills. This research was tried to discover the information about the potential needs on English for Specifics Purposes for vocational needs.
Unsupervised Low-Light Camera Image Enhancement with Wavelet Transform Attention

&lt;p&gt;This letter introduces an attention-based unsupervised generative adversarial network, named Illu-GAN, for low- light camera image enhancement. Many images captured by camera sensors suffer from inadequate lighting conditions or over-/under- exposure. Previous low-light enhancement methods are mostly based on supervised learning-based and heavily rely on paired data. Existing unsupervised methods only utilize information in spatial domain and take no account of frequency information, which leads to results of poor quality. In this letter, we propose a new network, Illu- GAN, to incorporate the features from frequency and spatial domains to better guide the network through a Wavelet Transform module. Extensive experiments with Illu-GAN on various benchmarking datasets demonstrate qualitatively and quantitatively the improvement with respect to state-of-the-art methods. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the newly proposed Illu-GAN can generate more natural enhanced images, less noisy, and with better generalisation ability.&lt;/p&gt;