Augmented reality: a systematic review between usability and learning experience

ABSTRACTEmerging technologies such as augmented reality are impacting the field of education, it can be seen in the attention given to technology, specifically augmented reality. Systematic reviews on research related to learning through augmented reality aim to find gaps of augmented reality in learning. However, there is a limited number of systematic reviews that analyze current research articles that discuss learning experiences. Thus, this paper aims to analyze recent research articles on (1) the learning experience of augmented reality, (2) the usability of the applied method, (3) issues, and (4) the challenges of learning through augmented reality. Forty-eight articles in the recent five years, from 2018 to 2022, were selected, based on the designed query and PRISMA method. All articles were analyzed and the results show that the System Usability Scale (SUS) is the most popular usability questionnaire and qualitative method to evaluate learning experience. This scale was used in almost 70% of the research articles selected for this review. Several constructs to evaluate learning experience were identified including satisfaction, learning efficiency, assessment, and engagement. The limitations and challenges are summarized into three categories: respondent, data collection, and technical issues.KEYWORDS: Applications in subject areasaugmented realitydistance education and online learningevaluation methodologiesimproving classroom teaching Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsRatna Zuarni RamliRatna Zuarni Ramli is a Senior Lecturer in the College Computing, Informatics and Media at Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah campus. Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. She holds a PhD in Information Sciences from the National University of Malaysia. Her research focus is on Human–Computer Interaction, Multimedia Interaction, E-content, Game Development, and Website Application.Wan Zakiyatussariroh Wan HusinWan Zakiyatussariroh Wan Husin is a Senior Lecturer in the College Computing, Informatics and Media at Universiti Teknologi MARA Kelantan, Malaysia. She received a PhD in Statistics (Mortality Forecasting Model). Her research interests include Demography, Time Series and Forecasting Modeling and Optimization Modeling.Ahmed M. S. ElakloukAhmad M. S. Elaklouk is an assistant professor, school of computing and informatics at Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam. He holds a PhD in Information Sciences from the National University of Malaysia. His research focus is on Human–Computer Interaction, Multimedia, Serious Game Design.Noraidah Sahari @ AshaariNoraidah Sahari @ Ashaari, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the Center for Software Technology and Management (SOFTAM), Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Expert in Learning Technology and UI/UX, and has written chapters and books; Computational Thinking in Programming Course (2022), Islamic Information Credibility (2021), Web-Based Islamic Education: The Need for Persuasive Models (2020), and the edited book Design and Usability of Multimedia Systems (2018).