Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Neuroevolution for the Sustainable Evolution of Neural Networks

The predictive performance of a neural network depends on its weights and architecture. optimizers based on gradient descent are most commonly used to optimize the weights, and grid search is utilized to find the most suitable architecture from the list of predefined architectures. On the other hand, neuroevolution offers a solution for the simultaneous growth of neural network architecture and the evolution of its weights. Thus, it is not limited by the user-defined list of possible architectures and can find configurations optimal for a specific task. Both approaches can be effectively parallelized and take advantage of modern multi-process systems. In this research, we compare neuroevolution and backpropagation in terms of the time consumed by the algorithm, the predictive performance of the neural network, and the complexity of the neural network. The total time for each algorithm is measured along with the times for each section of the algorithm and the time spent on synchronization due to the multi-process setting. The neural networks are compared by their predictive performance in terms of Matthews correlation coefficient score and their complexity as the number of nodes and connections. The case study is based on two synthetic and two real-world datasets for classification tasks.
Classification of Crimes Using Machine Learning Techniques for National Crime Data

The paper aims to assist in a more accurate classification of crimes provided by North Macedonia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs using machine learning techniques. By means of natural language processing, data is transformed into a format suitable for term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) vectorization. Bayesian and Support Vector Machine models are utilized and evaluated. The results show non-negligible improvement toward a successful classification of crimes, confirming the beneficial nature of machine learning techniques towards such tasks.
Estimating a nonradial vignetting shape

Vignetting is a phenomenon characterized by a decrease in illumination towards the edges of an image. This effect is typically represented by a radially symmetrical model, however, this paper aims to demonstrate a non-radial model of vignetting and estimate its shape. To accomplish this, a synthetic image was created and the angular vignetting shape has been modeled as a sum of harmonics. The magnitudes and amplitudes of these harmonics were obtained and used to construct the desired angular vignetting shape. Once the synthetic image with the modeled vignetting shape and added noise was created, it was used as input into a function for vignetting estimation. Also, the inputs have been a fixed vignetting center and different initial values of harmonics’ magnitudes and phases. With that inputs, despite the level of the noise, we have successfully estimated vignetting function by non-linear optimization. The function has attempted to determine the original harmonics’ used to create the vignetting angular shape. When the vignetting model is calculated, we removed it in order to get a homogeneous image. While it may be difficult to obtain the exact original values of the harmonics’, the shape can be estimated with a high level of accuracy. The paper shows that highly accurate models can be estimated for a lower number of angular harmonics, with a residual gain error standard deviation of less than 0.03%. Even in the presence of 5dB noise in the images, the gain error standard deviation remains below 3%, as long as proper parameter initialization is performed prior to optimization.
Classification of Text, Image and Audio Messages Used for Cyberbulling on Social Medias

Cyberbullying has become an increasingly significant cultural issue in recent years. A person is affected by cyberbullying in both psychological and emotional ways. Bullying that takes place via electronic devices, such as a computer, a smartphone, or a tablet computer, is known as cyberbullying. Harassment in the digital world can take many forms, including but not limited to transmitting or uploading insulting, harmful, inaccurate, or offensive material about another person via text, message, or program; or on social networking sites, message boards, and online games. Disclosure of personal or sensitive information about another individual might be considered cyberstalking. This paper will analyze several media types (text, images, and videos) posted on social media with the goal of identifying instances of cyberbullying. In this study, a graph convolutional neural network, a pretrained Googlenet, a Mel-scale filter bank speech spectrogram, and a CNN network model are introduced for use in audio post-classification. The study’s primary findings indicate that audio post-processing with MFCC’s and graph convolutional neural networks generates improved outcomes, including one-dimensional representation, for both text and image properties. To this end, we used a combination of GCN and Melfrequency cepstrum to represent text, image, and video input in this setting, with a resulting 85% accuracy of a bullying class.
Digital Literacy of Students at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Zagreb: An Empirical Study

The paper presents the results from the empirical research study of students at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia (FHSS) about their perception of digital literacy, one of key literacies in the 21 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> century essential for employment and participation in digital society. The results indicate that the students were acquainted with the term digital literacy for the first time early in their education. Now when they are part of the higher education system, the students recognized the most valuable characteristics, activities, skills, and competencies related to digital literacy. They also indicated the preferred ways of acquisition of new knowledge about digital literacy. Finally, the respondents highly rated the value of digital literacy for their success in the study, employment, and life in digital society.
Do I Trust My Medical Professional on a Virtual Consultation? Biosensors, Human Computer Interaction and Trust-Building

Telehealth usage in 2021 was 38-times higher compared to the average pre-pandemic level [1]. Patient interaction with a medical professional mediated by a screen – whether it’s a computer screen, tablet screen or a mobile phone screen - has implications for trust-building [2], which, in turn, impinges on health outcomes [3]. In this paper, given that over 55% of communication is non-verbal [4], we focus on understanding how screen-mediated non-verbal cues – eye-movements, hand gestures and facial expressions - influence feelings of trust. This understanding is sought through the design of an experiment where we vary non-verbal cues in standardized images/videos and examine the effects on feeling of trust as reflected not only in self-reports by subjects but also in more objective data captured by biosensors.
Detecting Goal-Oriented vs. Browsing Users Through Behavior Analysis

Understanding user personas in e-commerce is important for promoting successful online interactions. Two common personas include goal-oriented and browsing users. A goal-oriented user has the intention of completing a specific task as efficiently as possible (e.g., purchasing a product). A browsing user explores for information that will ultimately determine the next objective (e.g., to purchase or look elsewhere). A website that customizes content to a goal-oriented versus browsing user will improve the user experience and ultimately maximize conversion. In this research, we provide a methodology for differentiating between goal-oriented and browsing users by monitoring users’ behavior on the website. We conducted a study where participants were randomly assigned to either a goal-oriented task to find a product or told to simply browse the website. Based on the study’s results, we discuss suggestions to assist future human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers on how to design behavior-monitoring studies to accurately portray goal-oriented versus browsing users. We also provide insights into the need for considering the motivation of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk workers to appropriately utilize them as a sample population in future behavior-monitoring studies.
Implementation of a Facilitative Approach to Teaching Mathematical Disciplines to Future Mathematics Teachers by Means of the MAPLE Package

The aim of the article is to reveal the experience of using a facilitative approach in teaching future teachers of mathematics in teaching mathematical disciplines using the mathematical package MAPLE. Among the methods of studying the effectiveness of the facilitative approach in teaching mathematical disciplines to future teachers of mathematics, which highlights the advantages and disadvantages of this process, we have chosen SWOT-analysis. We have determined experimentally that one of the appropriate technologies of the facilitative approach when studying mathematical analysis by future mathematics teachers is “World Cafe”. The description of its practical possibilities confirms its effectiveness in creating favorable conditions for training future mathematics teachers in mathematics analysis classes using the MAPLE package, to increase the motivational component of educational activities, creative personality and subjective involvement in working on problems and situations.
An Overview of State-of-the-art Solutions for Scene Text Detection

Scene text detection is a task of identifying text regions and labeling them with bounding boxes in a complex background. It has received a lot of attention recently and has become far from unsolvable due to progress of deep learning for computer vision and also due to rapid development of computer hardware which is able to process complex neural networks. Some of the most common challenges that make this task difficult are irregular text shapes, text interferences, very complex background, different text sizes and low image quality. This paper presents an overview of state-of-the-art solutions for scene text detection where ICDAR 2015 was used as a benchmark dataset. We compare solutions with respect to precision, recall and F-score.
An Overview of 3D Holographic Visualization Technologies and Their Applications in Education

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization is the process of creating graphical content using software technologies, where the object is displayed using a computer or mobile device with appropriate software, and the visualized 3D object can be viewed from different angles and sides. 3D objects can be visualized using a display on a computer screen with 3D graphics or using technologies such as augmented reality or holograms. This technology has significant potential and is used in education. Interaction with software solutions is recognized as one of the most important learning experiences. This paper provides an overview of holographic visualization technologies, their interaction capabilities, and technology integration. It also presents and describes an example of a holographic application for learning geometry that can be used in a 3D holographic pyramid projection system.
Stimulating (Open) Data Literacy at the Basis of Society: Approaches for Active Learning and Teaching to Young Children

Children in the primary educational level learn about fundamental reading, writing and mathematics skills as a basis for future learning. In some European Union countries, they are also taught basic informatics and computer usage. However, only a few efforts are made to start teaching them about (open) data literacy. When teaching about data, multiple stages of the data value chain can be tackled, adapted to children’s capabilities; from data production or collection to data usage or impact. Such teaching can be more theoretical, with already prepared examples, or a complete hands-on experience, where the data is collected from the environment, further analyzed, visualized and the conclusions about data are made. In this paper, we will present the currently available research on the approaches to teaching children about data. We will also discuss the potential benefits and the main issues impeding such an effort. Finally, we will propose the way forward for informal active learning about data for lower-level primary school children, based on the hands-on workshops using environmental data.
Teachers’ Expectations for Digivisio 2030 – A Joint Higher Education Digital Transformation Project in Finland

This paper describes digital transformation (DT) in Finland from the perspective of a medium-sized University of Applied Sciences. Higher education institutions (HEIs) compete with each other, both locally and globally, in terms of student and staff recruitment, government funding and research funding. In addition, networking with companies and other organizations is an important part of HEI strategies and actions. In this paper, we discuss digital transformation in higher education institutions. We also present the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in a medium-sized university of applied sciences in Finland on teachers’ attitudes and expectations towards a nationwide digital transformation project (N=82). The data show that teachers’ expectations and attitudes range from positive to uncertain. Many believe that in the future digital university, student counselling will play a more important role compared to face-to-face learning. In addition, it is not widely accepted that future students will be self-directed. The role of technology was not seen as a challenge, and teachers expect more training and pedagogical methods to emerge when they collaborate with other teachers from other universities in Finland.
The Reality of Digital Teaching of History in Croatia

The educational system has traditionally been slow to accept innovations and advances in technology used in everyday life. The high penetration of networking, digitalization, and the use of devices is ordinary daily life in the 21st century. They also have a severe impact on the everyday life of schools. Teaching history has not remained immune to the fruits of the IT revolution. In the Croatian framework, several attempts to reform history teaching must be added, rounded off by the School for Life project and pandemic attempts at online and combined teaching in recent years. The use of digital technologies and adapted methods of teaching history in that period went from indignation followed by individual utopian attempts to broader acceptance of the use of ICT. However, what does this wider acceptance mean for teaching history? In qualitative research using the structured interview method, 11 history teachers (advanced in the profession) were interviewed who, in the initial contact, expressed themselves positively towards the use of digital tools. The results point to possible future directions for the education of history teachers and specific strategies for using digital tools.
Polarisation Based Entanglement Distribution Quantum Networking

Quantum networks based on entanglement distribution have shown promise for building scalable and fully connected systems that support quantum key distribution. This work aims to go beyond simply implementing quantum key distribution and explore the potential of such networks for implementing quantum photonic interconnects. Our research demonstrates the passive polarization stability of these networks for over a week and highlights the benefits of dynamic reconfiguration to remove redundant resources. We discuss recent advancements in quantum frequency conversion and quantum memory-based networks, and argue that the development of scalable, long-distance interconnects is crucial for advancing quantum technology. Our findings have important implications for the future of quantum networking and highlight the need for entanglement based photonic interconnect networks, such that quantum technology can scale beyond monolithic systems.
International Cooperation for Digital Innovations in Primary Schools

The contemporary world is technology-oriented and technology users are younger and younger. Digital literacy has become one of the basic skills that educational institutions focus on delivering for. Together with the technological advancement, the skill of programming has emerged as no longer the need of the hour, but as a lifelong skill. The search for innovative ways of introducing digital content to the youngest users constitutes the main objective for educational institutions, together with an urge to come up with effective educational solutions to provide primary schools with tools and methods to teach programming. Cooperation of varied institutions, ranging from primary schools, universities, cybernetics and robotics societies, to renowned publishing companies, proves to be an effective initiative making exchange of best practices possible and joint efforts realistic. The paper presents the outcomes of the cooperation of European institutions from Poland, Croatia, Portugal, Italy, Finland, Denmark, The Netherlands and Turkey under three international Erasmus+ projects. Jointly created databases, tools and methods to teach about programming and AI include innovative ideas for teaching computational skills with and without technology. International cooperation guarantees wide access to the materials for elementary school educators worldwide and fosters digital innovation in schools.
Identification of Code Properties that Support Code Smell Analysis

Code smells are structures in code that imply potential maintainability problems and may negatively impact software quality. One of the critical challenges with code smells is that their definitions are often vague, difficult to comprehend and subjective, making them hard to reliably and consistently detect and analyze by humans and automated systems. Most existing code smell detection approaches rely heavily on human interpretation and are typically supported by structural code metrics. Unfortunately, many of these approaches are incomplete and do not cover a range of code properties that could indicate potential code smells.This paper analyzes code smell detection approaches to identify code properties used for code smell detection and analysis. Informed by our previous work and the literature, we define five code properties used by humans and automatic detectors to identify code smells. We demonstrate how various code properties can be mapped to the 22 code smells defined by Martin Fowler. The resulting catalog of properties can help software engineers and code maintainability researchers analyze code smells and build automated code smell detectors that examine properties beyond the traditional structural metrics.
How to Use E-Learning App in Education and Presentation of Erasmus Project

The base of this paper was project Effective e-Learning System Based on Digital Competences in the field of strategic partnerships at the level of Erasmus KA2 activities. It will be presented several applications for interactive digital content and tools in education. The idea of this project was to show how we can increase the level of digital competence for students and teachers by using digital tools in teaching classes. The goals of this project were sharing experience with using e-learning and finding new possibilities to improve digital competences of students and teachers.
Principles for Designing for Data Exploration for a Non-Expert Audience

A gap currently exists between how data is presented by researchers and how the average person understands data. Thus, although an abundance of good research data is available for free online, it can be difficult to impossible for laypeople to access and make sense of it on their own. The issue of data accessibility and interpretability is consequently preventing open science goals from being reached. Data exploration systems can provide people with limited data expertise an entrance point into complex data and help remedy this problem. This paper presents design principles that can be applied when creating a data exploration software system.
Information Security among SMEs in Hungary -An Overview

Information and cyber security are important for SMEs. The level of security contributes greatly to the competitiveness of companies, but it is greatly underrepresented among SMEs in Hungary. The study aims to answer the question of whether accelerated digitization harms information security in Hungary. The analysis mainly focuses on companies actively involved in e-commerce during and after the Covid-19 era. Further, the trends in information security are compared within Hungary and the European Union, highlighting a local-specific deficit. The study presents the results of 2020, 2021, and 2022 quantitative research conducted by Digimeter company, as well as publicly available data from the European Union’s DESI index (Digital Economy and Society Index) and NCSI (National Cybersecurity Index). The expected results of the research confirm that the lack of information security is visible in Hungary.
Cloud Accounting as a Factor in Protection from Cyber Attacks and Theft of Accounting Data

Incidents such as cyber-attacks are becoming more frequent in the business world. Cyber-attacks cause significant damage to the operations and accounting and financial data of companies. The question arises whether cloud accounting is the solution to reduce cyber-attacks and theft of accounting data. Many companies or individuals still do not trust cloud accounting. The problem of this research is the acceptance of accounting in the cloud by accounting staff and insufficient understanding of the benefits of working in the cloud to prevent cyber-attacks and theft of accounting data. Research is conducted among accounting professionals in Croatia, randomly distributed, via anonymous survey, where 183 responses were gathered. Statistical analysis of the collected data confirmed the set hypotheses, i.e. the frequency of cyberattacks is significantly statistically related to the method of data storage (r=0.807;p<0,001), and partially (r=0.199; p<0,001) to the method of authentication in accounting software and the method of creating a backup copy of accounting data.
Inclusion of Digital Competence in Educational Physics Study in Croatia and Slovenia

Technology is all around us in our daily lives, in mobile phones, televisions, computers, and smart devices. Teachers need to incorporate digital tools into their lessons and perform other activities to develop digital competence. There are three key competences that have been identified by the European Union (2019), and we believe there is an opportunity to address them in physics teacher education programs. These are mathematical competence, competence in science, technology and engineering, and digital competence. One of the important issues is experimental work in physics education, especially when we look at specific subgroups of students. For example, an ongoing challenge for teachers is to combine experimental activities with the development of different competences. We will address the questions, what are the essential knowledge, skills and attitudes related to digital competence, and do physics teachers acquire them during their studies? We focused on the inclusion of digital competence in physics teacher studies, and we examined the description of subjects in the physics curriculum at several faculties in Croatia and in Slovenia.