Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Facial Expression Recognition Using Weighted Distance Transform

Facial emotions of human transfer non-verbal signal, which have a dynamic role in interactive communication. Human machine interface evolves according to facial expression recognition because both have a significant relationship. Psychology, ethical science and robotics are necessary applications of facial expression recognition. There have been a lot of work already done on feature extraction, face detection and the famous techniques used for expression recognition. Weighted distance is the basic method of this research. It is used for recognition of all basic human emotions, angry, happy, disgust, fear, neutral, sad and surprise. For the extraction of weighted distance paths, the fast marching algorithm is used and seed point has been taken on the nose tip of the human face. Diverse number of paths also has been taken, and it has an effect on facial expression recognition. Intensity variation is the main motivation to use Weighted Distance Transform. Twenty points are labelled for the calculation of feature vectors. Different mathematical measures are calculated as a feature vector of this geometric representation. In classification KNN is used and it illustrates reasonable result. In the end validation is done with famous techniques of facial expression recognition.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) Berdasarkan Identifikasi Jenis-Jenis Gastropoda di Kawasan Hutan Mangrove

The importance of developing student worksheets (LKS) based on the results of the identification of gastropods in Indari Village is very useful for students to know the importance of the role of gastropods in our environment, therefore the student worksheets can be used to present contextual material, namely developing students' prior knowledge, and also invites students to think critically through practicum in the teaching and learning process takes place. In order for this subject to be well received by students, it is necessary to have a student worksheet (LKS) which aims to accommodate and encourage students' thinking skills and support students to be able to think for themselves, analyze themselves, and arrange the final results of student activities according to developments. student psychology. The type of research used in this research is research and development which consists of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Based on the results of research conducted in the mangrove forest area of Indari Village, it can be found as many as 15 types of gastropods with different characteristics and shapes. The total number of gastropods found was 547 individuals. The most common species found was Nerita sp with 82 individuals while the least species found was Chicereus capueinus with 7 individuals. The development of LKS teaching materials using the 4-D model is feasible based on the results of the validation carried out by material expert validators and design experts.
Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention etc) Act 2015: Challenges to Enforcement

Abstract In the past decade, there has been an explosion in cybercriminal activity in Nigeria, occasioned by the evolutionary impact of the digital world along with the phenomenal growth and economic power associated with it. The emergence of the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) Act, 2015 in Nigeria could not have come at a better time, especially in the light of the manifest gross inadequacy of the country’s traditional criminal laws which focus their legal objects on physical objects, when as a matter of fact, cybercrimes attack intangible objects, such as information and information technology; and also because cyber-security plays an important role in the ongoing development of information technology as well as internet services which are critical to a country’s security and economic wellbeing. The Act having been salutes as an appropriate legislation against the misuse of the information and communication technologies for crimes or other purposes intended to prejudice the integrity of national critical infrastructures, this paper analyses the Nigerian legal framework for combating cybercrimes, the numerous challenges confronting it; and of course, given the virtual and unlimited expansibility nature of cybercrime, the paper concludes with suggestions for a more structured approach to combating the scourge. Key Words: Law; Crime; Cybercrime; Economic Crime.
A Coronavirus Corpus-driven Study on the Uses of If- Conditionals in the Pandemic Period

The COVID-19 pandemic, has greatly affected the lives of everyone. One major concern during this period has been that of communication including content dealing with possibilities and ideology concerning freedom. Thisstudy aims to analyze the application of if-conditionals expressing options and possibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic using data in the Coronavirus Corpus developed in May 2020 by Mark Davies. The extracted if-conditionals were divided in accordance with Puente-Castelo’s (2017) framework of if-typology, and grammatical aspects of all the verb strings were also analyzed in terms of tense and aspect, sentential modality, and voice. It was discovered that speech act conditionals—relevance conditionals—were most commonly applied to provide specific suggestions to deal with the pandemic. The second and third-ranked choices, scoperestricting conditionals and hypothesizing conditionals helped to specify scopes and definitions and to emphasize possibilities and predictions or statistical estimates based on evidence, respectively. The grammatical aspects also corresponded to the COVID situation and helped to convey messages in accordance with the if-conditional functions. The results suggest that the if-construction provides communicative functions fitting various contexts relating to the pandemic. It can facilitate interpersonal communication, allow message receivers freedom to evaluate the proposed option, and provide some safety for the speaker in their choice of phrasing since COVID-19-related circumstances are uncertain. The information can be useful for those seeking linguistic tools for effective communicationand for instructors developing material for English for specific purposes.
Digital Technology and Payment System

Abstract Cryptocurrencies are digital records of certain values stored in digital databases. Or, more simply, cryptocurrency is digital money, created in digital form as a means of digital exchange. They only exist on the internet and are not published by or controlled by the central bank or the state. Precisely because they are not controlled by the central bank, they are not formally money. Just as people have their money in a bank account, so do their cryptocurrencies in their "digital wallet" on one of the websites that provide this service. Each transaction that is made is a highly edited digital record, that is, a file consisting of the amount of cryptocurrency units transferred and certain public and secret keys of the "digital wallets" of the sender and recipient. Keys are passwords that are more complex than the ones we use everyday to get into online accounts, such as email or other applications. Each transaction is signed by the sender with a private key, and the transaction is then validated and recorded online. No one in the network can see the private key, but they can see that whoever really has the private key sent the transaction. The sender's signature ensures that no one can compromise the content of the transaction. That is why it is important to keep private keys offline. Keywords: Blockchain, Bitcoin, Currency.
Remote Sensing Techniques for Identifying Flood Prone Areas Using the Vegetation Index, Water Index, and Simple Additive Weighting Methods for Mekarsari Areas, Cianjur Regency, West Java

Flood is a natural disaster with an intensity that often occurs in cities on a scale with excess water discharge in some areas. This research was conducted to determine the risk of flooding in Mekarsari Village and its surroundings, Cianjur Regency, West Java. (According to InaRisk, 2022) Risk and danger of flooding Moderate – High. This study uses data for the entire year 2022. With several parameters used in this study including land cover, rainfall, soil type, slope, NDVI, NDWI and SAVI. Simple Additive Weighting or weighting for each parameter with different results, according to the classification of each of these parameters. The results of this weighting will become a Flood Hazard Risk Map which was previously the result of overlay and intersection of land cover map, rainfall map, soil type map, slope map, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index map, Normalized Difference Water Index map and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index map. On the Flood Disaster Risk Map there are five categories of vulnerability levels Not Hazardous, Less Hazardous, Moderate, Hazardous and Very Hazardous. The cause of the risk of flooding in the study area is that most of the land use is diverted to rice fields, plantations, dry agricultural land and settlements so that the lack of vacant land causes low absorption of rainwater and also steep slopes and high elevations which also cause rainwater to be stored in the lowlands. settlements) with moderate to high rainfall intensity every month. There is also a lack of education for the community to mitigate the risk of flood disasters so that waste management and waterways in settlements are inadequate and well managed.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN SPARE PART MENGGUNAKAN QR CODE DI PT SAT NUSAPERSADA TBK

This study aims to describe the information system management of spare parts in PT Sat Nusapersada Tbk that has been applied and what problems have arisen and design a new system as a proposal of the problem of spare part management in PT Sat Nusapersada Tbk. To give an idea through the system design of the benefits of the system that makes it easy for users, the method used in this study is the waterfall. The results of this study indicate that the current system has the potential for errors in checking spare part stock data, reading the size of parts and also the slow management of stock data. With the new system design, it is expected to be able to control stock quickly, facilitate users in making reports, maximize business operations by using technology, and efficiently manage spare parts using qr code.
A study of Factors Influencing Severe Accidents Associated with Children’s Product Usage through Logistic Regression Analysis

한국 전체 안전사고의 20% 이상 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는 어린이 관련 안전사고에는 어린이제품 사용에 따른 안전사고가 중요한 부분이다. 그러나, 어린이제품 사용에 따른 안전사고 발생 유형이나 요인 등에 대한 구체적인 연구결과는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 중대사고 여부를 종속변수로 하여 어린이제품 연령 분류에 따라 어린이 전 연령, 영아(0~12개월), 유아(12~36개월), 어린이(36개월~13세)로 나눠 2018년부터 2022년까지 5년 동안 발생한 어린이제품에 의한 어린이 상해 데이터 22,200건을 표본으로 연령, 성별, 연도, 인증정보, 장소, 계절, 행동 등 7개의 사고 요인을 분석하였다. Logistic regression 분석 결과, 전 연령에서는 중대사고 발생 시 장소, 연도, 성별을 제외한 연령, 인증정보, 행동, 계절에서 중대사고 발생의 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 연령 분류에 따른 영아, 유아, 어린이 등 3개 모델에서는 영아는 행동만이 통계적 유의성을 보였으며, 유아와 어린이에서는 장소, 인증정보, 행동, 계절 등에서 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 다수의 사고 요인에서 발견된 중대사고 연관성은 어린이제품 사고 발생 시 중대사고에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 사고 요인을 확인하는데 logisitic regression 분석이 유용한 모델임을 보여준다. 본 연구결과는 중대사고 예방을 위한 어린이 제품 사용 주의사항 표시, 예방 교육, 리스크평가 등 어린이 제품 안전 사용에 관련된 여러 정책을 결정함에 있어 과학적인 기본 통계자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.Child safety remains a paramount concern, constituting 20% of all safety incidents. Notably, accidents linked to children's product usage constitute a significant subset of these occurrences. However, comprehensive research elucidating the specific typologies and determinants of safety accidents originating from the utilization of children's products is deficient. In this study, we categorized children of various age groups infants (0 to 12 months), toddlers (12 months to 36 months), and children (36 months to 13 years) according to age-appropriate product classifications. We procured and analyzed a dataset encompassing 22,200 instances of child injuries attributable to children's products over a span of five years until 2022. The analysis scrutinized seven key accident factors, namely age, gender, year, certification status, location, season, and behavior. The result of logistic regression analysis unveiled several noteworthy findings. Across all age model, age, certification information, behavior, and season were statistically significant factors correlating with severe accidents, whereas place, year, and gender exhibited no such significance. Within the baby(~12month) model, solely behavior emerged as a statistically significant factor. Meanwhile, among infant(12~36month) and children(36month~13age), factors such as location, certification information, behavior, and season demonstrated statistical significance. Through the relationship between various accident factors, it was confirmed that logistic regression analysis is a useful model for identifying the causes of serious accidents related to children's products. The results of this study can be used to establish policies to improve the safety of children's product use. These policies include designing product usage precautions to prevent serious accidents, promoting prevention education, and comprehensive risk assessment. Accordingly, the results of this study are expected to play an important role in providing a scientific basis for various policies and initiatives for the safety of children's product use.
A Study on the Role of Cooperation Organization for Standards Development

본 연구는 COSD의 현황을 COSD의 자원과 활동의 측면에서 분석하여 그 문제점을 도출하고 COSD의 역할 제고방안을 제시하고자 설문조사 및 전화․서면 인터뷰를 수행하였다. 그 결과를 정리하면 첫째, 표준을 다루는 독립조직에서 다수 기관이 다른 업무와 표준을 병행하고 있어 표준의 전문성에는 한계가 있었다. 둘째, COSD의 표준역량에 대한 인식이 낮았다. 셋째, COSD 표준인력은 평균 6명이었고, 표준인력의 경력기간은 평균 8년이었으나 기관별로 상당한 격차가 있었다. 넷째, COSD의 표준인력은 KS 관리, TC 관리, 전문위원회 관리, 표준제정, 부합화제정, 개정, 폐지와 상관관계가 없어 표준인력의 적절한 업무배분에 한계를 보였다. COSD의 역할 제고를 위한 시사점으로 첫째, COSD간 격차해소, 적절한 인력배치를 위한 직무표준화, 위탁부처 COSD 업무통일성을 담보하기 위해서는 COSD 기관의 업무를 정리한 업무매뉴얼 제작을 제시하였고, 둘째, 현재 표준실무교육에 추가로 표준역량 프로그램을 개발하고 표준위탁부처 COSD의 교육 의무화, 셋째, COSD의 기관 규모와 역량에 따른 지원 차별화, 산업표준심의회 중심으로 전 부처 COSD의 통합관리 방안을 제시하였다.This study conducted surveys and interviews to analyze the current status of COSD in terms of COSD's resources and activities to derive its problems and to suggest ways to enhance the role of COSD. To summarize the results, firstly, there was a limit to the expertise of standards as many institutions were doing other tasks and independent organizations dealing with standards. Second, awareness of COSD's organizational capabilities, financial capabilities, human capabilities, and standard capabilities were relatively low. Third, the average number of COSD standard personnel was six, from 2 to 14, and the average career period of standard personnel was 8 years, but there was a significant gap between COSDs. Fourth, COSD's standard manpower was not correlated with KS management, TC management, professional committee management, standardization, conformity enactment, revision, and abolition, showing limitations in the appropriate distribution of standard manpower. First, a work manual was produced to bridge the gap between COSDs, ensure job standardization for appropriate manpower placement, and uniformity of COSD work. Second, a standard competency program was developed in addition to the current standard practice. As implications for enhancing the role of COSD, firstly, it was suggested to produce a work manual that summarizes the work of COSD organizations in order to resolve the gap between COSDs, standardize jobs for appropriate staffing, and ensure uniformity of COSD work. Second, in addition to the current standard practical training, a standard competency program was developed and training was made mandatory for the COSD. Third, a plan was presented to differentiate support according to the size and capabilities of COSD, and to integrate management of COSD across all ministries centered on the Industrial Standards Council.
Trends analysis of variables in research related to organizational culture in early childhood education institutions

이 연구의 목적은 국내 유아교육기관 조직문화 연구에서 나타난 관련 변인의 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 분석 대상 연구는 2000년에서 2022년까지 출간된 국내 유아교육기관 조직문화 관련 연구 중 변인을 활용한 학위 및 학술논문 131편이다. 이로부터 100종의 변인이 분석 대상으로 선정되었으며, 이론적 고찰에 따라 보호-위험 요인, 개인-사회 요인의 2개 차원별로 분류되었다. 차원별 및 변인별 빈도분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보호-위험 차원 분석에서 보호 요인은 89종으로 235회 활용되었으며, 위험 요인은 11종으로 29회 활용되었다. 둘째, 개인-사회 차원에서 개인 요인은 67종으로 199회 활용되었으며, 사회 요인은 33종으로 65회 활용되었다. 100종의 변인 중 가장 많이 활용된 변인은 교사의 직무만족이었으며, 그다음으로 원장 리더십이 많이 활용되었다. 분석 결과를 토대로 보호 요인과 개인 요인에 편중된 조직문화 연구의 변인 활용 문제를 논의하였다. 또한 조직문화 연구에서 많이 활용되는 변인인 교사 직무만족과 원장 리더십이 실제 교육 현장에서도 바람직한 영향력을 발휘하기 위한 방안을 모색하였다.The purpose of this study is to analyze the variables used in organizational culture research in early childhood education institutions and examine the frequency of utilization. The research sample consisted of 131 graduate theses and academic papers related to organizational culture in domestic early childhood education institutions, published between the years from 2000 to 2022. A total of 101 different variables were selected for analysis, classified into two dimensions based on theoretical considerations: ‘protective-risk factors’ and ‘individual-social factors’. The results are presented as follows. Firstly in the protective-risk dimension analysis, protective factors were utilized 235 times across 89 different variables, while risk factors were utilized 29 times across 11 different variables. Secondly in the individual-social dimension analysis, individual factors were utilized 199 times across 67 different variables, and social factors were utilized 65 times across 33 different variables. Among the 100 variables, the most frequently utilized variable was “teacher job satisfaction,” followed by “principal leadership.” Based on the analysis results, the study discussed the issue of bias towards protective and individual factors in the organizational culture research. Additionally, it explored strategies for maximizing the positive impact of commonly utilized variables, such as teacher job satisfaction and principal leadership, in actual educational settings.
Writing Error: Exploring the Language Interference in EFL Context

Al-Mashduqiah Plus Junior High School is one of the boarding school that develops foreign language skills as an attempt to prepare young people to be able to compete in the global world. In fact, the language learners (students) still often mix the structure of their first language into English to write. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the language interference in the students’ English writing assignment, and what factors behind them. The research used descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the form of interference in Al- Mashduqiah Plus Junior High School is morphological and syntactical structure. Besides, these interferences are caused by several factors; they are structural and non-structural factors. The structural factors include the difference of linguistics systems in native language and the targeted language. The non-structural factors include the learners’ bilingualism, language loyalty, the inadequate vocabulary of learners’ language, and the habits of using mother tongue language. This research is expected to provide information to students, teachers, and researchers so that they can find learning innovations that can improve the quality of foreign language skills.
The Implementation of Canva as a Media for Learning English at SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja

This study intends to determine teachers’ challenges in teaching English using technological media, namely the Canva application. in this study, researchers used qualitative descriptive methods. An SMK N 2 Singaraja teacher participated in this study because he implemented the Canva application as a learning medium to meet the current educational system. According to (Titiyanti et al., 2022), With the help of Canva, teachers may provide a one-of-a-kind opportunity for students to engage their abilities and motivation in learned material. To get the data, the researcher used the semi-structured interview method as a data instrument for data collecting. The results of this study state that Canva media is very suitable for learning English because it can improve students’ ability to write, creativity, critical thinking, and motivation to learn. However, the teacher cannot trace this application, so the teacher cannot see the students’ work process in making brochures.
Implementation of Storytelling Technique to Improve Speaking Skill

The target of speaking skills is difficult to achieve in junior high school, since instruction and learning of speaking can present certain challenges for teachers and students. Therefore, this study aims to explore how storytelling affects students' speaking skills and how they feel about using storytelling technique. This research was conducted in class VIII Kefamenanu middle school. This current research utilized classroom action research in which interview and observation were the instruments to use in obtaining necessary data. The mean score from the results of the implementation of the first cycle test was 59.67 and 75.21 for the second cycle, which experienced an increase. Thus, the result indicated that storytelling technique was an effective way to upgrade students’ speaking skill. In addition, storytelling techniques allow the students to speak more clearly and they also gain more confidence in practicing their English.
Revealing the Relationship Between Vocabulary Mastery and Listening Skills

The relationship between vocabulary mastery and English listening skills at a given level—in this case, at the basic level—is examined in further detail, it will become more exciting and remarkable. This study attempts to demonstrate the connection between vocabulary knowledge and English listening skills in order to comprehend the relationship between the two on a basic level. This study used a correlational research methodology. This research technique looked at the relationship between vocabulary mastery and students' basic listening skills in English. The summary of the research findings above makes it evident that there is a weak but favourable correlation between basic vocabulary mastery and basic level listening skills. 0.0339 is the correlation coefficient. This suggests that other factors have a greater impact than basic vocabulary proficiency, which only has a 3.39% effect on the worth of basic listening skills. Based on the results of the ANOVA study, it is then found that the significance value of F is higher than the alpha value. As a result, there is less of a connection between basic vocabulary knowledge and basic listening skills. Additionally, by rejecting H0 and accepting H1, this study establishes a nonlinear regression line for the relationship between variables X and Y.
Practical Problems and Countermeasures of Physical Education Development in Rural Schools

Rural school; Physical education; Problem; Quality
TINGKAT PENERIMAAN PENGGUNA DENGAN MODEL UTAUT : STUDI KASUS EMAS.UI.AC.ID PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN VOKASI UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA Wahyu Nofiantoro1 Nisa Ismundari Wildan

Emas.ui.ac.id is an Open Source-based Distance Learning (PJJ) platform using a Content Management System - Moodle which is implemented in the University of Indonesia environment. The Vocational Education Program as part of UI implements this application for teaching and learning activities, especially during a pandemic. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the acceptance of the use of e-learning by UI Vocational Education students using the UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) model. This research was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to 243 active student respondents of Vocational Education from all Study Programs. To test the relationship between variables, testing was carried out using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using the GeSCA program. The results of thisstudy indicate that the factors that influence the level of student acceptance of the UI Vocational Education Program on the use of emas.ui.ac.id as the e-learning platform used by Vocational University students are the Performance Expentancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE) factor. ), Social Influence (SI), Behavioral Intention (BI) and Facilitating Condition (FC). This is in accordance with the UTAUT Model developed by Venkentash (Venkentash, 2003)