Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The effect of editing techniques on machine translation-informed academic foreing language writing

Although the field of machine translation has witnessed huge improvements in recent years, its potentials have not been fully exploited in other interdisciplinary areas such as foreign language teaching. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to report an experiment in which this technology was employed to teach a foreign language to a group of students. This mixed-method study explores the effect of teaching editing techniques in machine translation to a group of Persian EFL university students in an academic writing course. Twenty students took part in a 4-day workshop in which one session was devoted to teaching editing techniques and three remaining sessions to the use of editing techniques, namely, correcting mistakes, removing ambiguities, simplifying structures and combining structures. Each session consisted of a pre-test, a training and a post-test. In addition, in each session, one key writing point, namely, determiners, paraphrasing and collocations were discussed. A questionnaire for candidates’ demographic information and another for learning experiences were administered. The results indicated a statistically significant improvement in the overall gain score. Further analysis showed a significant improvement in the use of determiners in contrast to paraphrasing and collocations. Lack of improvement in data driven learning in paraphrasing and collocation seemed to stem from weakness in vocabulary and grammatical knowledge in both the mother tongue and the target language. Analysis of questionnaire data revealed that the instruction proved to be beneficial since it could be easily implemented in correction and confirmation. On the whole, it can be concluded that providing the correct type of guidance and feedback on how to use machine translation will indeed have a profound effect on foreign language writing skill.
Transitive Avoidance Games on Boards of Odd Size

Avoidance (or misère) games are a type of positional games. Two players alternately claim points of a set $N$ (the `board' of the game). The game is determined by a family $L$ of subsets of $N$ and the following rule: The first player who claims every point of some set in $L$ loses the avoidance game. The game is called transitive if the group of all permutations of $N$ leaving $L$ invariant acts transitively on $N$. Johnson, Leader and Walters show that for a board size which is neither a prime number nor a power of two there are transitive avoidance games where the first player can force his win. For primes of size at least $17$, the corresponding problem remained open. We are going to close this gap and prove that for all primes $n$ of size at least $17$ there are also transitive avoidance games with board size $n$ where the first player can force his win.
Rancang Bangun E-Learning System Pada SMK Pratiwi Prabumulih Menggunakan PHP &amp; MySQL

Along with the development of internet technology, e-learning began to be developed. Thus encouraging the authors to maintain the quality of education by applying e-learning at Pratiwi Prabumulih Vocational High School. E-learning is one of the tools to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of performance in the teaching and learning process. E-learning is a web-based system developed using the PHP programming language, HTML document types and MySQL to manage databases. The research method used is the system development method, namely the waterfall method. The system design method with a functional approach is described using UML (Unified Modeling Language). With the web-based e-learning system, the teaching and learning process can be accessed in all places anytime and anywhere without time restrictions. E-learning supports functions/features (upload and download) of data in the form of document content. E-learning is also able to display online questions or exams and score results so that it helps in the learning process
Analysis of Student Motivation in Online Learning for the Tourism and Hospitality Management Information System Course during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract : The global pandemic of the infectious disease COVID-19 has caused concern for all citizens of the world. Not only in the health sector, but also in other sectors, be it trade, economy, security, politics, transportation, and education. The policy of closing schools and colleges had to be taken to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus. Even though at the beginning of the pandemic, some countries are still trying to open schools as usual. However, in the end, due to the increasingly widespread pandemic, measures to close schools and universities had to be taken to save the education sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze students' online learning motivation in the Tourism and Hospitality Management Information System practice course which is usually carried out in a computer laboratory during the global pandemic of the COVID 19 infectious disease. This research will be conducted using a descriptive qualitative research design.. Positive responses from the lecture aspect, the ability of lecturers, facilities, and infrastructure also have a positive effect on student motivation in undergoing online lectures. The level of activity and motivation is high with the average percentage of student attendance in 1 semester reaching 92% and the collection of assignments is 85% . However, the limited financial ability of students so that the ability to buy devices is not sufficient and geographical conditions with minimal internet connections are the main obstacles to online lectures.
Development of Electronic Learning Media in Folklore Texts with Asahan Sociocultural Contents for Class X Students of SMK Negeri 2 Kisaran

The problem of this research is that the folklore learning process has not used electronic learning media and the students difficulties in identifying the values and characteristics contained in the folklore text.The research objectives were: (1) to determine the process of developing electronic learning media in Asahan sociocultural folklore texts, (2) to test the feasibility of electronic learning media in Asahan sociocultural folklore texts, and (3) to test the effectiveness of electronic learning media in Asahan's socioculturally charged folklore text.The research method chosen is the Research and Development (R&D) research and development method which refers to the Borg and Gall development model.The results showed that: (1) the results of material expert validation included content feasibility with an average of 93.75%, presentation feasibility with an average of 95.8%, and language feasibility with an average of 95.1% in the very good category.The results of the media expert validation are in the very good category with an average percentage of 94.15%, (2) the results of individual trials with an average of 86.8% in the very good category, the results of small group trials with an average of 89, 12% in the very good category, and the results of the limited field test with an average of 91.27% (3) the results of the effectiveness of the learning media were obtained through student learning outcomes in the pretest and posttest.The average score at the pretest was 60% and at the posttest was 86.6%.Thus, the electronic learning media in the Asahan sociocultural folklore text that has been developed is feasible to be used in the learning process.
Education and Upbringing as the Basis of Society Improvement

Thanks to education, the personality of a person can be developed and improved, which, using new knowledge, can entail significant success and results in the profession, in interaction and relations with other people.As a result of educating, a person acquires new intellectual and special knowledge that allows him to solve difficult issues in further professional activities and in life in general.The formation of a worldview is determined by the cognitive component of education.Man acquires knowledgeeveryday.They are professional, scientific, etc., knowledge about nature, society, space.The cognitive component of the worldview contributes to the acquisition by a person of sociological, socially political, aesthetic views and ideas.These are the knowledge about society, the orientation of the historical process, the meaning of life, etc.There is no doubt that education and self-education are necessary for a person to more effectively enter and include the younger generation in difficult adult life, social and industrial activities.At the same time, young people choose certain social attitudes, behavior and activity, the formation of their worldviews.Their moral views and ethical standards are being formed.In this regard, we consider it necessary to improve the existing education system of any direction, increase the role of worldview values, increase the importance of future specialists with personal and professional qualities and professional competence in all areas of activity.
Linguists study language structure

To study linguistics is to gain a greater understanding of a fundamental part of what it means to be human. Linguistics is a scientific field and an academic discipline that has both theoretical and practical applications. Linguists study language structure at several theoretical levels that range in size from tiny units of speech sounds to the context of an entire conversation. Students of linguistics often begin with a basic understanding of each level of language, then specialize in one or more levels or in a practical application of linguistics. The smallest units of language are studied in the field of phonetics, which concerns itself with the individual sounds produced while speaking. Phonology takes a look at those small units of sound together in the context of whole utterances, and searches for patterns in sound across a language or a whole group of languages.
Blockchain Consensus Mechanism Based on Improved Distributed Consistency and Hash Entropy

To improve the performance for distributed blockchain system, a novel and effective consensus algorithm is designed in this paper. It firstly constructs a more random additive constant through the generation matrix of the error correction code and uses the value of the hash entropy to prove that the constructed hash function can meet the requirements of high throughput and fast consensus in performance. In addition, a distributed consensus coordination service system is used in the blockchain system to realize the synchronization of metadata and ensure the consistency of block data, configuration information, and transaction information. The experiment results show that our proposed strategy can reduce the waste of computing resources, increase the block generation speed, and ensure the fairness of nodes participating in the competition, which is an effective solution to ensure the stable operation of the blockchain system.
The Students’ Writing Ability in Descriptive Text of the Senior High School Students in Berau

English in Indonesia is a foreign language that should be learned and mastered by students. Education is a process of fundamental skills intellectual and emotional. The aim of education is to improve the quality of students in Indonesia, especially in writing. There are so many ways conducted by educational institution in improving students English quality in Indonesia. One of the institutions is SMA Negeri 1 Berau. Based on research conducted the researcher found that in SMAN Negeri 1 Berau has a language major program. The objective of this research is to know the students’ writing ability in descriptive text and their problems in writing of tenth grade language major students. This research used descriptive quantitative. The instruments are writing assessment and interview. The technique of collecting data, the researcher asked students to write a descriptive text with a place as a topic to measure the students writing ability and asked the students several questions to know their problem in writing. The data analysis technique was scoring based on writing rubric. The assessing of writing focused on five components, they are content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanic. The assessing of writing had been given to some of the students of tenth grade language major students in SMA Negeri 1 Berau that consist of 8 students. Based on the data finding, it showed that writing ability of tenth grade language major students in SMA Negeri 1 Berau was 3,75 that categorized into mediocre level. The average category of content was mediocre, the average category of the organization was mediocre, the average category of vocabulary was good, the average category of the language used was mediocre, and the average category of the mechanic was mediocre. From the interview, the students have difficulties in finding references in writing, word choices, arranged words to be a good sentence, arranged sentences to be a good paragraph, and developing the idea. Most of them admit difficlties with the language use. Some of them said they have no probems with vocabulary and mechanic such as capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.
Pemodelan topik pada dokumen paten terkait pupuk di Indonesia berbasis Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Introduction. Fertilizer is one of the most important production factors in the world of agriculture. It is crucial to increase the capacity of technology related to fertilizers. Analysis of patent documents can be one way to analyze technological developments, especially fertilizers.&#x0D; Data Collection Methods. The data used in this research are metadata, especially the title and abstract of a patent document in Indonesia. With the keyword "fertilizer," Patent metadata was processed in the 1945-2017 period.&#x0D; Data Analysis. The LDA model can provide a reasonable interpretation regarding topic modeling based on text data.&#x0D; Results and Discussion. The results find that degree of the patent title is better than the abstract of the patent. The LDA approach can adequately separate the topics of fertilizer patent technology so that it does not have multiple interpretations. &#x0D; Conclusion. Based on the findings, there are nine essential topics in the development of fertilizer technology. There is a phenomenon of the lack of technology collaboration between IPC technology sections.
Designing an early flood detection system prototype in riverbank settlements

There is still a lot of use of the floodgates in the main hole to drain the residential water into the river is still operated manually by someone in charge of opening and closing the floodgates. It is less efficient and often happens to the operator, so the water overflows and can lead to flooding. In this final task, a prototype of an early flood detection system and the automation of sewerage in a settlement located on the riverbanks. The control of floodgates on the main hole works automatically according to the signal from a sensor that reads the state of the water level. Main hole floodgates will work when the river water enters it at a specific limit that sensors will read and provide information on the level of river water in it to someone via WhatsApp to prevent river water from entering the settlement. When the main hole door is closed automatically, the residential water flow will be directed to a temporary reservoir. When the temporary reservoir is full, the sensor will signal to activate the discharge pump that will be discharged into the river to dispose of the water in the reservoir. The design and testing of flood early detection prototype tools and residential water disposal automation can work well by the design principle.
Impact of Collective Efficacy, Cohesion and Trust on Project Team Performance

Team is an inevitable part of almost all organizations in the world but managing a project needs great deal of efforts and understanding among group members. There are many significant contributors to the success of team performance. To name a few are collective efficacy, cohesion and trust. Collective efficacy is the belief a group has pertaining to its capabilities. A team with high level of trust among members often results in to high level of performance (Ferda Erdem Janset OzenNuray Atsan, 2003). Similarly the people with strong Cohesion between them results in to effective team performance (Tessla Arakal, Dr. Sebastian Rupert Mampilly, 2017). The study emphasizes on student’s teams working on different projects. In a present study we have made an attempt to identify relationship between collective efficacy, cohesion and trust.
"Internet+" Blended Learning Model and Practice Research from the Perspective of Smart Education

In a comprehensive education environment, we must pay attention to cultivating students' thinking ability, and provide effective support for the cultivation of students' English literacy through the construction of a heuristic and participatory English teaching system, so that students’ English practical application ability and comprehensive literacy can be cultivated. "Let’s take root." Based on the introduction of the concept of blended learning mode, this article will combine with the book "The Development of "Thinking and Innovation" Teaching: Thinking and Innovation" to analyte the current innovation background and direction of "Thinking and Innovation" teaching. Explore the innovative mechanism of "Thinking and Innovation" teaching under the guidance of English core literacy nurturers, analyte the characteristics of the blended learning model and the necessity for the teaching reform of "Thinking and Innovation". On this basis, the relevant practical research of blended learning mode teaching is carried out.
TEACHER-STUDENT VERBAL INTERACTION PATTERN IN READING CLASSROOM SMP PARULIAN 2 MEDAN

TEACHER-STUDENT VERBAL INTERACTION PATTERN INREADING CLASSROOM SMP PARULIAN 2 MEDAN*Nurcahaya Sinaga** Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting M.Pd.** Farida Hanim Saragih, S.Pd., M.HumABSTRACTNurcahaya Sinaga. Registration Number: 2153321022. Teacher-StudentVerbal Interaction Pattern in Reading Classroom at SMP Parulian 2 Medan.A Thesis. English and Literature Department. Faculty of Languages andArts. State University of Medan, 2020.This research was intended to examine the verbal interaction features used by twoteachers in teaching reading comprehension through virtual classroom with zoomapplication. This virtual class was chosen since the offline classroom was changedinto online classroom during the covid 19 pandemic. This research was conductedto answer the research problems; 1. How are the teachers and the students verbalinteraction patterns used in reading classroom of SMP Parulian 2 Medan. 2 Whydo the teachers interact in the way they do? It covers the analysis on thetranscripts of teachers-student verbal interaction and the interview. The analysiscovers the steps of data condensation. In the process of data condensing, allrecorded utterances were selected to focus on the utterances used by the teachersand students during the virtual classroom. Then, the utterances were simplified inorder to be easier to understand. The abstracting process was done to focus on theintention of answering the research problems. The final step was transforming theutterances and interview into transcription. The design of this research is a casequalitative study. The subjects were two English teachers and twenty students ofParulian Junior High School. The data to answer the problems were transcripts ofverbal interaction used by the teachers and students and interview to find thereasons of the teachers to use certain patterns students during the virtualclassroom. The data were collected by using recording tools; smart phonerecording and observational notes. The findings show that the teachers’ verbalclassroom interaction did not cover all types of interactional features by Walsh.The verbal interactions through zoom virtual classroom by the first teacher consistof seven types of interactional features. They are Display questions (0,53%),Seeking clarification (0,21%), Extended wait-time (0,125%), Scaffolding(0,003%), Direct repair (0,003%), Confirmation checks (0,003%), Teacher echo(0,003%). While. The verbal interactions through zoom virtual classroom by thesecond teacher consist of seven types of interactional features. They are Display questions (0,29%), Scaffolding (0,023%), Extended wait-time (0,23%), Seekingclarification(0,12%), Confirmation checks (0,032%), Teacher interruptions(0,032%), Direct repair (0,016%), Content feedback ( 0,016%), Extended learnerturn (0,016%), Teacher echo (0,016 %). The most frequently used of interactionalfeature is display questions. The reason to use display questions is material focus.The teachers wanted the students to focus on the material.Keywords: Classroom Verbal Interaction, Pedagogical goal, ReadingClassroom.
Phonological Awareness in Students With Reading Difficulties at Elementary School

Phonological awareness is an essential skill for children to learn to read. Most children with reading difficulties have problems with it. This article was written to describe phonological awareness skills in children with reading difficulties with a descriptive method. There were 31 students with reading difficulties were tested informally. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive techniques and tabulation will define the result of their test. The results showed that there were 25 (81percent) students have problems with phonological awareness. It is indicated almost all students with reading difficulties cannot read with phonological awareness un-mastery. This theme opens up opportunities for further research on phonological awareness of language in primary schools given its importance in teaching reading in schools.
Empathy in teaching foreign languages in a distance format at universities

Empathy is a key factor in teaching foreign languages, making it possible to establish an emotional connection both between the teacher and students and between students themselves, as well as between students and a target language, which has a positive effect on learning outcomes. The distance learning format is no exception, but it requires more attention to this factor, since there are objective obstacles to the emergence of empathy in a natural way, which often occurs in face-to-face training and requires certain awareness when it is introduced into the educational process by the teacher. The research purpose is to develop practical recommendations for language teachers at universities on the introduction of psychological-methodological elements that contribute to an increase in the empathy of all participants in distance and hybrid classes to improve the effectiveness of learning. The research methodology includes an experiment, observation, deduction, survey, post-analysis. As a result of the study, specific recommendations were formulated to build an emotional connection in distance classes in a foreign language. Thus, it is recommended to use methodological and psychological tools, gamification, and discussion format of classes, to control the dynamics of seminars. Establishing an empathic connection is facilitated by less formal and more benevolent communication at distance seminars, preferably a targeted appeal to students, to the whole group, keeping the camera on and enriching seminars with various emotionally charged and substantive elements, the teacher’s active presence in social networks during off-hours, engaging all types of work in real time: interactive whiteboard, editing shared documents.