Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Publishing inference–proof relational data: An implementation and experiments

An agent might want to share information maintained by a relational database by means of data publishing, i.e., by generating a view customized for the further unrestricted usage by the anticipated clients. Often, however, the usability of the view has to be confined to ensure the confidentiality of particular pieces of information in need of being excluded from sharing. Previous work on Controlled Interaction Execution provides a sound and complete generation procedure for an inference–proof (i.e., consistent and confidentiality-preserving) view that has minimal distortion distance to the original database instance. Confidentiality is achieved regarding a policy declared in terms of first-order logic sentences to be kept hidden. Consistency ensures the compliance with postulated a priori knowledge of the clients, expressed as first-order logic sentences, too. The generation procedure has been designed to perform a depth-first search for satisfying the constraints and follows a branch-and-bound strategy for minimizing distortions. In this work we present an actual implementation of the generation procedure together with several optimizations. We exploit sophisticated local lower bounds on the number of additional distortions in subtrees to be explored to prune them early, and we employ coordinated parallelization for searching in many subtrees concurrently. Moreover, we describe an experimental evaluation in terms of runtime behavior. Finally, we also explore replacing depth-first searching by priority searching, exhibit special cases that can be handled more efficiently, present heuristics for only approximating distortion minimality, and discuss options of refined mechanisms to employ and invent constants to resolve current violations of constraints.
The Wheel: UX Processes, Lifecycles, Methods, and Techniques

In this chapter, we describe how process is a guiding structure that helps both novices and experts deal with the complex details of a project. We explain how processes help with consistency, completeness, and efficiency in UX design and system development, and how, without guidance from a UX design process, practitioners are forced to make it up as they go along. We elaborate on how a process does not necessarily imply a rigid structure or even a linear one. We build on a universal abstract activity cycle of: Analyze, Design, Implement, and Evaluate, to present The Wheel, an iterative and evaluation-centered lifecycle template underlying the process part of this book. We explain how, depending on project goals and the type of system or product being developed, project teams choose the kind of processes to use and the amount of resources to devote to any given project.
Usage Research Data Analysis

In this chapter, we focus on the data analysis subactivity within the Understand Needs UX design lifecycle activity. We discuss techniques to analyze the usage research data elicited in Chapter 7, furthering the goal of understanding the work context for the new system to be designed. Usage research data analysis is the process of analyzing, consolidating, and interpreting the data gathered in usage research data elicitation. The first step is to synthesize work activity notes, each of which is a paraphrased and synthesized statement about one single concept or aspect of work practice. A goal is early identification of key work roles and initial sketches of a flow model, a diagram of information flow and work flow that determine how work gets done within the enterprise. For large sets of usage research data, affinity diagramming techniques are used to organize the work activity notes hierarchically to identify unifying and underlying themes. We begin by distilling the essence of the raw usage research data into elemental work activity notes, each brief, concise, and about just one idea. We then extract work activity notes that are inputs to user stories and requirements. We proceed to extract work activity notes that are inputs to usage research models. Later we organize the remaining work activity notes, often by building work activity affinity diagrams (WAADs). Finally, we complete the process by synthesizing the total picture of the user work practice, work domain, and user needs.
On the Origin of the Value of Cryptocurrencies

Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies received a lot of criticism during the last 9 years. It is not surprising that this criticism came from organizations that are threatened by the crypto revolution (banks, government, central banks, finance companies, etc.). Nevertheless, it is very surprising to hear criticism from economics schools, which oppose central banking and advocate free choice in currencies (such as the Austrian school of economics). Unlike the ordinary criticism (that Bitcoin is a scam, a bubble, etc.), which can easily be refuted, the criticism of part of the Austrian school economists is based on interesting arguments, which requires a different level of explanation. For example, it was claimed that Bitcoin should be worthless; otherwise, it contradicts Mises’ regression theorem. The object of the chapter is twofold: first to explain why the criticism is unfounded and second to analyze the origin of the value of Bitcoin and other cryptocoins from the perspective of the Austrian school of economics. In particular, it is explained that Bitcoin does not contradict the regression theorem for two reasons. First, the initial value estimation can be a random event, and second, the Bitcoin network (even now) has a nonmonetary value.
Winning strategies in DarkHex: Hex with hidden stones

Kriegspiel Hex (aka. DarkHex) is a variant of Hex in which players do not see the opponent’s stones. Due to incomplete information, there exist boards for which neither player has a (pure) winning strategy. The main contribution of this paper is a classification of small boards based on the outcome of the game for optimal players; (i) first player can win, (ii) second player can win, or (iii) neither player can win. For boards without winner, optimal players must follow mixed strategies that maximize their winning probabilities. In this context, solving the game means computing the corresponding Nash Equilibrium (NE). This paper provides then a brief introduction on how to compute these NEs and some preliminary results are given for the 4×3 board.
An Analysis of The Relation Between Foreign Direct Investment and Sociopolitical Variables in MENA Countries by Panel Regression

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays the role of an accelerator for the economic growth in host countries. Countries that provide the suitable environment economically and politically get ahead in this race. Over the last five years, the weighted importance of sociopolitical variables in the decision-making process has increased. The countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, although they have a potential to develop, are regarded as country groups that have not yet fully achieved this. This article reveals and interprets the relationship between FDI and sociopolitical variables such as political risk, human development index, terrorism risk index, multidimensional poverty index, the rule of law, regulatory quality, and control of corruption, utilizing panel regression analysis. In the analysis of the MENA countries covering the years 2010-2016, it was concluded that all independent variables except the human development index and multidimensional poverty index were statistically significant and effective on FDI.
The market for Welsh language mobile applications – A developers’ perspective

The introduction of the smartphone and mobile applications (apps) has significantly enhanced the opportunities for minority language provision on mobile phones. Despite their potential role in supporting and revitalising minority languages, minority language app markets remain practically unstudied. Minority language app markets face obvious challenges due to their small absolute size (in terms of consumers, developers and apps) and their small relative size compared to the majority language app market. This paper examines the Apple (UK) App Store market for a specific minority language, Cymraeg (the Welsh language), providing a deeper understanding of the market from a developer’s perspective. Data gathering was conducted using two methods; a census of apps and structured interviews. The census identified 439 Welsh language apps which were analysed to identify emergent characteristics and potentially significant factors in the market, which informed the subsequent interviews. Interviews were conducted with three highly active app development companies, representing about 2% of the developers and 9% of the apps identified in the census. An interview was also conducted with the Welsh Language Unit of the Welsh Government. This paper weaves together the observations and data from the census with the qualitative responses from the interviews, to present a rich picture of the Welsh language app market in the Apple (UK) App Store. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which the Welsh language app market could potentially be made more vital and sustainable. While this paper focusses on the Welsh language app market, it provides a deeper understanding of minority language app markets more generally.
Bitcoin: A Total Turing Machine

We demonstrate that the Bitcoin script language allows not only for primitive recursion, but in the deployment of an Ackermann function and hence the ability to simply recurse in Bitcoin script, we show that the script system is Turing complete. From there, we introduce a new class of Turing machine, the PTTM or probabilistic total Turing machine, and note that Bitcoin acts as a decider or total Turing machine which allows us to find a NIZKPoK that can act as a TM-based verifier to a non-interactive proof that is run on an external and non-associated TM as a proof system. Bitcoin can extend to securely offer contracts such as best fit solutions to common logistic systems and optimisation problems including the travelling salesman class of problems and to the optimisation of systems. It can be offered as an open or time-bound contract that guarantees payment and can be solved by allowing pseudonymity of the bidder.
Usage Research Data Elicitation

In this chapter, we discuss the goals of usage research data elicitation, including to understand user needs by acquiring a thorough knowledge of user work practice (or play practice) using an existing product or system, and why that is essential before seeking to determine design requirements for a new system. To meet this goal within the Understand Needs lifecycle activity, in this chapter we focus on the data elicitation subactivity, in which one observes and interviews clients and users in the context of their own work practice in their own work environment. This lifecycle activity entails preparation before the visit and taking good raw data notes during the visit.
A transferable neural network for Hex

The game of Hex can be played on multiple boardsizes. Transferring neural net knowledge learned on one boardsize to other boardsizes is of interest, since deep neural nets usually require large size of high quality data to train, whereas expert games can be unavailable or difficult to generate. In this paper we investigate neural transfer learning in Hex. We show that when only boardsize independent neurons are used, the resulting neural net obtained from training on one base boardsize can effectively generalize – without fine-tuning – to multiple target boardsizes, larger or smaller. When transferring to larger boardsizes, fine-tuning provides faster learning and better performance. The strength of the transferable network can be amplified with search: with a single neural net model trained on games from a base boardsize, we obtain players stronger than MoHex 2.0 on multiple target boardsizes.
The preemptive resource allocation problem

We revisit a classical scheduling model to incorporate modern trends in data center networks and cloud services. Addressing some key challenges in the allocation of shared resources to user requests (jobs) in such settings, we consider the following variants of the classic resource allocation problem (RAP). The input to our problems is a set J of jobs and a set M of homogeneous hosts, each has an available amount of some resource. Assuming that time is slotted, a job is associated with a release time, a due date, a weight and a given length, as well as its resource requirement. A feasible schedule is an allocation of the resource to a subset of the jobs, satisfying the job release times/due dates as well as the resource constraints. A crucial distinction between classic RAP and our problems is that we allow preemption and migration of jobs, motivated by virtualization techniques. We consider two natural objectives: throughput maximization (MaxT), which seeks a maximum weight subset of the jobs that can be feasibly scheduled on the hosts in M, and resource minimization (MinR), that is finding the minimum number of (homogeneous) hosts needed to feasibly schedule all jobs. Both problems are known to be NP-hard. We first present an $$\Omega (1)$$ -approximation algorithm for MaxT instances where time-windows form a laminar family of intervals. We then extend the algorithm to handle instances with arbitrary time-windows, assuming there is sufficient slack for each job to be completed. For MinR we study a more general setting with d resources and derive an $$O(\log d)$$ -approximation for any fixed $$d \ge 1$$ , under the assumption that time-windows are not too small. This assumption can be removed leading to a slightly worse ratio of $$O(\log d\log ^* T)$$ , where T is the maximum due date of any job.
Data-Management Services

Science librarians are increasingly finding themselves outside of the traditional role as buying agent of supporting literature. These new services are often occurring in a different part of the research cycle than the collection of reading material. Assisting scientists with managing their research data is one of these emerging services. It is also among the most desired, due to funder mandates that scientists simply did not have to think about in the past and their unfamiliarity with managing digital materials outside of immediate use. The identification, collection, description, access, and preservation of this material is becoming more and more widely expected by publishers, research organization administration, funding bodies, and scientists themselves, and it is librarians who are best positioned (for several reasons) to help. This chapter describes both theoretical questions and practical steps that might form part of a research data-management service provided by science librarians.
Scholarly Communication Services

Science libraries have been adversely affected by runaway journal price increases for several decades. It has forced many in research organizations to reconsider the scientific publishing business and process and has led to routine journal cancellations, the open-access movement, informal networks of sharing digital reprints, and the creation of institutional repositories among other things. This chapter reviews the emergence of new services which support or complement these developments and recommends ways in which science librarians can provide the most effective service. It also details the librarian’s recognition of the scientist’s role as author (in addition to reader) and identifies new user communities whose needs can be met by librarians’ documenting of research published by the institution’s scholars.
Blockchain for Strengthening the Privacy of Healthcare Data

The desire for eHealth systems is ever-growing as public institutions, healthcare providers, and its users see the positive gains from having systems of patient health information held in a single place; a decentralized connected architecture called blockchain. This concept can solve the interoperability issues and integrate the fragmented way healthcare records are held and present a more transparent, secure method to share data and protect patient privacy. The aim of this article is to provide a supportive environment for the health and social care workplace with special reference in the Primary Care sector in England on the impact and changes to the information governance toolkit (IGTK) as a result of the new European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) coming into force from May 2018. These challenges will also include the implementation of the National Data Guardian (NDG) review of data security and opt-outs amongst others.
Teaching acoustics in an interdisciplinary context with ‘singing’ fish

This article describes a novel and interdisciplinary context for learning about real-world sound waves. The 'song' of the plainfin midshipman fish consists of an acoustical wave that is periodic but not sinusoidal. This acoustical signal is the focus of active research in sound source localization by fishes, the effects of hormones on hearing systems and the elucidation of neural mechanisms involved in social acoustic communication. In this paper, we introduce the reproductive biology and bioacoustics of the midshipman fish. We describe the use of the advertisement 'song' of the male fish to visualize and interpret the dramatically different displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms, to explore the roles of pressure and particle motion in production and detection of acoustical waves and to apply Fourier analysis to understand the implications of the frequency spectrum in the production, transmission and reception of sound in an aquatic environment.
Mapping of the vector space model with cognitive skills of the user using fuzzy approach

Information retrieval process is an inference for the real-world user communication, which is based on the concept of storing, representing and searching information. Moreover, it utilizes the repository in order to retrieve the stored information in an effective way. The processing of such system is not an easy task; also, its complexity depends on the quality of searched information. The information that would be retrieved depends on the query formed by the user. The fuzziness of human brain is extremely high as every person has different cognitive skills, opinions, thinking, perception, situation, intention, intuition and domain; these varied attributes results in a fuzzy query by the user for any information need, thus it can be said that different types of user have different query apprehension. In order to provide efficient and relevant results to the user according to the information need, the foremost requirement is to understand the users’ query. In this paper, hybrid of Vector Space Model with fuzzy logic inference has been implemented. The purpose of the system is mapping of the Vector Space Model with cognitive skills of the user using the fuzzy approach. The similarity between the documents has been computed using the fuzzy logic in order to evaluate the query results based on the graininess of the user.
A note on fibonomial coefficients

We show that for most primes $p$, the set of Fibonomials forms an additive basis of order $8$ for the group of residue classes modulo $p$.
Relating Different Polynomial-LWE Problems

In this paper we focus on Polynomial Learning with Errors (PLWE). This problem is parametrized by a polynomial and we are interested in relating the hardness of the $$\text {PLWE}^f$$ and $$\text {PLWE}^h$$ problems for different polynomials f and h. More precisely, our main result shows that for a fixed monic polynomial f, $$\text {PLWE}^{f\circ g}$$ is at least as hard as than $$\text {PLWE}^f$$ , in both search and decision variants, for any monic polynomial g. As a consequence, $$\text {PLWE}^{\phi _n}$$ is harder than $$\text {PLWE}^{f},$$ for a minimal polynomial f of an algebraic integer from the cyclotomic field $$\mathbb {Q}(\zeta _n)$$ with specific properties.
Felsic Volcaniclastics and Lamproic/Lamprophyer Magmatism

The presence of tuffaceous volcaniclastic rock has been briefly reported occurring within the Barakar strata (Early Permian) from the eastern part of Hutar basin in Koel valley (Dutt and Mukhopadhyay, 2001b). Effusive, pipe like rhyodacite rocks from Mahuadrn area and exposed bellow the Tertiary sediments are dated Late Triassic. On the other hand, ultrapottasic dyke rocks of lamproite/lamprophyre affinity are recorded from Sohagpur, Singrauli and Sonhat basins of Rewa Gondwana belt. A brief account on these rocks is presented below.
Software Quality Measurement

Software measurement helps to quantify the quality and the effectiveness of software to find areas of improvement and to provide information needed to make appropriate decisions. In the recent studies, software metrics are widely used for quality assessment. These metrics are divided into two categories: syntactic and semantic. A literature review shows that syntactic ones are widely discussed and are generally used to measure software internal attributes like complexity. It also shows a lack of studies that focus on measuring external attributes like using internal ones. This chapter presents a thorough analysis of most quality measurement concepts. Moreover, it makes a comparative study of object-oriented syntactic metrics to identify their effectiveness for quality assessment and in which phase of the development process these metrics may be used. As reliability is an external attribute, it cannot be measured directly. In this chapter, the authors discuss how reliability can be measured using its correlation with syntactic metrics.
Radial Shearing Interferometer

Radial shearing interferometer (RSI) is one of the most powerful tools in many domains, especially in optical testing. RSI has compact size and good vibration immunity, which is adaptive to various environments, due to its common-path configuration. Moreover, it is very convenient application because no plane referencing wavefront is needed. The disadvantages of the conventional RSIs are that the distorted wavefront is hard to extract quickly and accurately from one radial shearography due to the phase extract algorithm is complex. Fortunately, the new RSIs can receive benefits from the accuracy of the methods of phase-shifting interferometry, and phase-shifting shearography is more sensitive than simple digital shearography. There are two mainly trend to the RSIs based on phase-shifting technique, i.e. instantaneous phase-shifting and compact size. In this chapter, a development process of RSI will be introduced briefly firstly, and then the some new RSIs based phase-shifting techniques in our work will be described in following parts, including initial RSI by using four-step polarization phase-shifting, modal wavefront reconstruction method for RSI with lateral shear and a new kind of compact RSI based micro-optics technique.
Self-learning knowledge base using Naïve Bayes classifier

With the abundance of technology, digital natives prefer to be more comfortable and effortless. They expect an instant, correct and crisp response to their queries. Keeping this in mind, this paper proposes an agent, HELP, which fetches the unstructured data from the web, aligns it with the structu red knowledge base by transforming it into rules and updates the CLIPS knowledge base progressively. It helps to conquer the issue of format non-uniformity. The proposed model is simulated for a technical education university. The objective is to provide an interface to the newcomers who are unfamiliar with the rules, regulations, and policies of the new environment and at the same time reluctant to pose to seniors or faculty.