Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Education Financing Management (Multi Case in SMPN 1 and SMPN 3 Pringgabaya)

The purpose of this study was to describe the management of education funding at SMPN 1 and SMPN 3 Pringgabaya, starting from the planning stage, the implementation phase, to the evaluation phase of education funding. The approach used in this study was a qualitative approach with the type of multi-case location at SMPN 1 and SMPN 3 Pringgabaya. Sources of data in this study are informants, documents, and physical devices. Data collection techniques using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Check the validity of the data by triangulation which includes triangulation of sources and methods. The results of data analysis show that 1) the planning phase of education funding at SMPN 1 and SMPN 3 Pringgabaya is carried out through a continuous meeting mechanism. Meeting.This is carried out at the beginning of each year attended by principals, treasurers, teacher boards, and school committees. This meeting aims to form a drafting team of RKAS and determine the amount of allocation for each type of expenditure. Furthermore, the RKAS drafting team identified the source of the school revenue budget, identified the school budget plan, consulted the RKAS with the school committee. Furthermore, the RKAS was ratified and signed by the Principal, Treasurer and Committee, and also requested approval from the Head of the East Lombok District National Education Office, which was the BOS Management Team. The design of the RKAS refers to the technical instructions for using BOS funds. 2) the implementation phase of funding, SMPN 1 and SMPN 3 Pringgabaya refer to the RKAS that has been approved by the principal and the school committee. Flow of entry and exit of funds is handled by the treasurer who has been appointed by the principal starting from withdrawing funds and carrying out bookkeeping related to transactions financed using BOS funds. 3) the evaluation phase of education funding at SMPN 1 and SMPN 3 Pringgabaya is carried out by internal and external parties. Internal evaluation of school finance is carried out by the principal through an examination of the monthly financial statements and assets and facilities owned by the school. By looking at the report the principal will find out how much income is earned and expenditure spent in one month. External evaluations are carried out by the school committee and the government. School committees can check school finances through general cash books or financial reports that have been made by the school. Every quarter the school sends a report format for the use of online boss funds to the East Lombok district education office to be examined and at the end of each school year it is required to account for any funds spent during a budget year to be thoroughly examined at any time.
Textual Error Meaning in English to Indonesian Translation of EFL Class

This research addresses on textual error meaning of English to Indonesian translation in EFL class. This study is aimed to describe the frequency of error distribution and to investigate the dominant errors made by students in English to Indonesian Translation. The subject of this research is the fourth-semester English education students at the Muhammadiyah University of Metro. There are 37 students used as the total sampling technique to get the sample. To collect the data, the writer used a test as the instrument, i.e. an essay test. The collected data are analyzed by means of error analysis which starts from collecting the data, identifying the errors from the answer sheet, classifying and describing of errors on each type and finally tabulating the students' errors. The finding shows that frequency of errors made by the student in translating English into Indonesian can be classified into 73.43% of verb, 85% of noun, 52.7% of adverb and 100% of conjunction. On the other hand, the common error in translating textual meaning occurs in conjunction class which the average is 100%. It is the biggest percentage of all the errors which is automatically be the dominant error of textual meaning in this research
Block Belief Propagation for Parameter Learning in Markov Random Fields

Traditional learning methods for training Markov random fields require doing inference over all variables to compute the likelihood gradient. The iteration complexity for those methods therefore scales with the size of the graphical models. In this paper, we propose block belief propagation learning (BBPL), which uses block-coordinate updates of approximate marginals to compute approximate gradients, removing the need to compute inference on the entire graphical model. Thus, the iteration complexity of BBPL does not scale with the size of the graphs. We prove that the method converges to the same solution as that obtained by using full inference per iteration, despite these approximations, and we empirically demonstrate its scalability improvements over standard training methods.
Blockchain and Smart-Contracts Modeled in a SwarmESB Ecosystem

Blockchain has emerged as a trusted and secure distributed ledger for transactions while also being decentralised, distributed and its legitimacy not guaranteed by a trusted authority. Since the appearance of Bitcoin, Blockchain has known many implementations based on P2P architectures. This paper presents how the blockchain and smart contracts technologies can be integrated into the SwarmESB ecosystem. SwarmESB is a framework that helps building distributed applications, which benefit from privacy and scalability features. Our proposal will present the flexibility in building not only microservices based applications, but also decentralised applications employing blockchain and smart-contracts by modeling a sample Dapp.
Extractors for small zero-fixing sources.

A random variable $X$ is an $(n,k)$-zero-fixing source if for some subset $V\subseteq[n]$, $X$ is the uniform distribution on the strings $\{0,1\}^n$ that are zero on every coordinate outside of $V$. An $\epsilon$-extractor for $(n,k)$-zero-fixing sources is a mapping $F:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}^m$, for some $m$, such that $F(X)$ is $\epsilon$-close in statistical distance to the uniform distribution on $\{0,1\}^m$ for every $(n,k)$-zero-fixing source $X$. Zero-fixing sources were introduced by Cohen and Shinkar in [10] in connection with the previously studied extractors for bit-fixing sources. They constructed, for every $\mu>0$, an efficiently computable extractor that extracts a positive fraction of entropy, i.e., $\Omega(k)$ bits, from $(n,k)$-zero-fixing sources where $k\geq(\log\log n)^{2+\mu}$. In this paper we present two different constructions of extractors for zero-fixing sources that are able to extract a positive fraction of entropy for $k$ essentially smaller than $\log\log n$. The first extractor works for $k\geq C\log\log\log n$, for some constant $C$. The second extractor extracts a positive fraction of entropy for $k\geq \log^{(i)}n$ for any fixed $i\in \mathbb{N}$, where $\log^{(i)}$ denotes $i$-times iterated logarithm. The fraction of extracted entropy decreases with $i$. The first extractor is a function computable in polynomial time in~$n$ (for $\epsilon=o(1)$, but not too small); the second one is computable in polynomial time when $k\leq\alpha\log\log n/\log\log\log n$, where $\alpha$ is a positive constant. The subject studied in this paper is closely related to Ramsey theory. We use methods developed in Ramsey theory and our results can also be interpreted as a contribution to this field.
Financial Statements in Individual Businesses

Understanding and interpreting the financial statements is an important factor for the economic entities in getting the right directions.Today, there is a general tendency to respect the harmonization of European Commission Directive IV with International Financial Reporting Standards.Responsive people need information about the business activities of any business.In this paper, we will consider how to compile and interpret key financial statements in accordance with IASs and IFRSs, which are the main users or users of information derived from these financial statements and their significance in decisionmaking.Financial Statements are the key elements in achieving business goals, having a bearing on creating business financial reports, auditing, databases and mandatory disclosures.The study aims to identify and analyze key indicators that affect the success and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), ie their performance, and to analyze the effects that these indicators show in SME growth.In this research, several important issues and general problems of the financing system, the financial situation and the profitability of small and medium businesses in Kosovo have been addressed.Also, this paper will present, from the point of view theoretical and empirical, the link between these key performance indicators, or, say, the growth of SMEs.Therefore, the development of the SME sector is very important in Kosovo, especially given that the social problems of those countries are, to a large extent, the consequence of uneven growth.
Use of Technologies of Cognitive-Context Learning in the Process of Media Education of Future Educators

In the article the essential characteristics of the concepts „pedagogical technology”, „cognitive technology”, „technology of contextual learning” and „technology of cognitive-context learning” are disclosed. The existing classifications of cognitive technologies and contextual learning technologies are analyzed, on the basis of which the technologies of cognitive-context learning, which are expedient in the process of media education of future educators, are distinguished. According to the results of the analysis of the existing classifications of cognitive technologies and contextual learning technologies, it has been established that the following cognitive contextual teaching technologies are: problem lectures, contextual lectures, lecture-visualization, lecture „together”, critical thinking forming technology, intellectual mapping, interactive technology: „Brainstorming”, „Circle of Ideas”, „Two - Four - Together”, Jigso and others. The set of knowledge about mass media, which should be mastered by future educators in the process of using technologies of cognitive-context learning in the conditions of higher education institutions, through the integrated inclusion of them in the professionally-oriented discipline of the curriculum is determined. The pedagogical possibilities and ways of realization of technologies of cognitive-contextual training in the process of media education of future educators are revealed.
Study of full parallel RS(31,27) encoder for a 3.2 Gbps serial transmitter in 0.18 μm CMOS technology

This work presents the design of an RS(31,27) Reed Solomon encoder for a 3.2 Gbps serial transmitter in 0.18 um CMOS technology. The proposed encoder is designed with a novel full parallel structure optimized for high speed and high stability. One data frame contains 2 interleaved RS(31,27) codes and thus it can correct at most 20 bits of consecutive errors. A corresponding decoder is implemented on Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA.
A Statistical Approach to Simulate Instances of Archeological Findings Fragments

First aim of this paper is to describe a methodology developed to create virtual fragments of archeological archetypes in CAD (Computer Aided Design) environment.A simple Reverse Engineering (RE) technique was adopted to reconstruct the shape of vases allowing the archeologists, and so the CAD inexpert personnel, to use it.Moreover, another relevant aspect is the definition of a procedure to simulate shape errors on the virtual prototypes to make more realistic the results.The characteristics of the fragments to be reproduced were selected by means of Design of Experiment (DOE) techniques.So, an algorithm was implemented to simulate the shape error, related to the working operations, that represents the typical noise for the feature recognition of archeological findings.Furthermore, this algorithm can make more complex the hypotheses related to the Gaussian model of simulation of the error and can adapt the value of the shape error (i.e.increasing it) according to the data gathered in archaeological excavation.The case study was based on the definition of a catalogue of archetypes of the black Campanian vases studied and classified by the archeologist J.P. Morel.The procedure conceived was applied to five (among one hundred) vases of the virtual catalogue obtaining forty instances of fragments affected by errors and so creating virtual mock-ups of typical pieces which may be found in the archeological site considered for the case study.
Bayesian network considering the clustering of the customers in a hair salon

The service industry, which includes hair salons, currently accounts for almost 70% of Japan’s GDP(Gross Domestic Product). Although hair salons are frequently used, over the years, the industry has decreased in size. However, the number of hair-salon facilities and the number of hairdressers have both continued to increase, thus leading to the overcrowding of salons. Consequently, about 90% of hair salons close within 3 years after they first open; this is a significant issue. Today, various business approaches, such as using coupons, have been positively adopted by the Japanese hair-salon industry. However, some customers use a salon only once, while others use them repeatedly. Consequently, the effectiveness of different business measures can vary greatly, so it is necessary to conduct analyses of the various approaches. Therefore, from a management perspective, it is important to use actual data analysis to determine what types of menu items are most effective. In this study, we have identified soft clusters of customers by using an extension of the recency-frequency-monetary (RFM) analysis that is based on soft clustering. We used a Bayesian network to construct a causal model for each class that was obtained in this way. We also proposed a method that uses sensitivity analysis to determine an optimal menu for business measures.
Correction to: Conceptual Framework for Virtual Field Trip Games

In the originally published version, the title of the chapter starting on p. 43 was incorrect. The title has been corrected as “Conceptual Framework for Virtual Field Trip Games”.
The Use of Quests in the Training of Future Teachers

The problem of preparing future teachers for professional activities in a preschool institution is opened in the article. The psychological and pedagogical research on the problem, the essence of the concept of «quest» are analyzed. The features of the organization of various types of quests in working with students within the core disciplines are revealed, the main structural components and stages of the quest preparation are described, the potential possibilities of using linear quests as a means of testing the knowledge of future teachers are investigated. Examples of integration thematic tasks for individual disciplines within the framework of professional training for teachers of preschool age children are given. Particular attention is paid to the description of practical oriented tasks aimed at preparing future teachers for professional activities. The authorʼs thematic quest is described. It was developed by students and was tested during the learning process. The proposed materials provide approximation of the content of education to real life, broadening the studentsʼ horizons, the formation of their professional competencies, strengthening the practical orientation of the educational process.
Government Stability, Corruption, Investment Conditions and Private Investment in C&amp;#244;te d’Ivoire: The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach

This study highlights the role of institutional factors in determining private investment in Côte d'Ivoire.The data come from the World Bank and the "Political Risk Services Group".The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was used.The reduction of investment risks, the fight against corruption and the preservation of governmental stability are determining factors of private investment in Côte d'Ivoire.It is recommended to establish a national authority with exceptional sanctioning powers to fight corruption more effectively and to promote a democratic culture that ensures a better quality of the institutional environment.
Problems that Pedagogical Staff Face when Acquiring Qualifications

A quality education that responds flexibly to changes in the educational needs of pupils and students at all levels of education, as well as to the demands of future employers on the labour market, must become Czech Republic's priority.It plays an important role in tackling unemployment, as well as in the economic development and the increase in competitiveness of our country.The paper deals with problems in pedagogical staff training and education.The aim is to propose suitable measures leading to the elimination of current problems in training and education of teacher candidates at the Institute of Education and Communication, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.The main method used is a data analysis based on a survey among students enrolled in the study programme "Pedagogy for Teachers in Vocational Subjects".The analytical outcomes indicate that high time requirements and low employers´ support are the main problems that teaching staff face.It indicates there will be necessary to focus on changing the approach of teaching staff employers who require enhancing teaching staff education, however they are not willing to offer a desirable support.
Hierarchical-model salient object detection based on manifold ranking

Salient object detection has attracted a lot of focused research and has resulted in many applications, it is a challenge to detect the most important scene from the input image. Different from most previous methods that only modeled the spatial connectivity of every region is modeled using k-regular graph, and do not consider the deficiency between multi-layer super pixel segmentations based on manifold ranking, we propose a multi-scale approach. First, we tackle an image from a scale point of view and use a multi-scale approach to analyze saliency cues. Second, through building a graph model which is on the basis of k-regular graph, we connect the nodes belonging to the same cluster and located in the same spatial connected area with edges, to highlight the whole goal more uniformly and evenly, then used manifold ranking to generate multi-layer saliency map. Finally, the final saliency map is got through weighted linear fusion. Extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets demonstrate efficiency of the proposed method against the state-of-the-art methods.
A quantum handshake method based on quantum dialogue and wireless network

With the development of quantum technology, the application of quantum characteristics to wireless networks has become a research hotspot. In this paper, a quantum handshake method based on quantum dialogue and wireless network has been proposed. At first, quantum computation is introduced and the IEEE802.11i is carefully discussed and analyzed. Then, by combining quantum dialogue with IEEE802.11i wireless network, a quantum handshake method is put forward, which can effectively guarantee the communication security of data in a wireless network. In terms of transmission time and security, quantum handshake method is better than classic handshake. In addition, the proposed scheme has high security and practicability.
An Elderly - Care System Based on Sound Analysis

This paper proposes an elderly-care system, which uses a single sensing device installed in the user's home, primarily based on a microphone.We present preliminary results on human activity recognition from sound data.The recognition is based on 19 types of sound features, such as spectral centroid, zero crossings, Melfrequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) and linear predictive coding (LPC).We distinguished between 6 classes: sleep, exercise, work, eating, home chores and home leisure.We evaluated the recognition accuracy using 4 supervised learning algorithms.The highest accuracy, obtained using support vector machines, was 76%.
Implementasi Model Waterfall Pada Sistem Informasi Pengiriman Barang Berbasis Web

Abstract— Shipping goods systems is still done manually, from serving customers until data storage which related to shipping process of making a report, so errors in registration, less accurate and delay report of required data is occurs. information system design is the best solution to solve the existing of shipping goods, as well as with the computerized system which is effective and efficient to support activities on the Web shipping item. Keywords: shipping goods system, Web.
The Role of Social Media in Voter Education in Nigeria

Social media has become a prominent and a powerful forum for voter enlightenment, political activism and fastest means of information dissemination. Social media platforms, such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and YouTube help to activate citizens’ engagement in political life.
A Reliability and Validity Analysis on Vocabulary and Structure of NEPCMSS Test in 2010

Reliability and validity are two criteria to evaluate whether a test paper is successful.This paper analyzes the vocabulary and structure MCQ (Multiple Choice Question) of National English Proficiency Competition for Middle School Students (NEPCMSS) test in 2010, evaluating the reliability and content validity by using SPSS software.It is concluded that the 20 multiple choice questions are not difficult in terms of difficulty; the reliability is good but the content validity is not so satisfied.
THE RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ USE OF I-THINK IN THEIR CLASSROOM

The Malaysian Ministry of Education has introduced the new Education Blueprint with the objective of elevating the Malaysian education standard to international level. The fourth industrial revolution prompts the urgent needs for transformation in the way teachers teach in class. The researcher believes that the use of I-THINK can be an effective approach to teach English in rural schools to promote students’ ability to think critically. However, despite the efforts executed, the level of practice on the use of i-THINK among English language teachers in rural secondary schools after the training and exposure is average. This paper aimed to investigate the attitude and practice level of English language teachers in rural secondary schools on the use of i-Think maps. Data was collected via a questionnaire survey of ESL school teachers in Merlimau Zone, Melaka. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings show that the teachers had positive attitudes towards I-THINK use in the classroom despite the average practice in their teaching. The implication of the study is the Ministry of Education through effective supervision of the District Education Office should ensure the teachers go for I-THINK courses to arm them with ample knowledge to successfully implement I-THINK maps in their practice.