Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Inversion of Total Copper Content in Mining Soils with Different Spectral Pretreatment Techniques Using AHSI/ZY1-02D Data

Satellite hyperspectral remote sensing is a useful technology to extract soil heavy metal content. This paper introduces an inversion method of soil copper (Cu) content using AHSI/ZY1-02D data and assesses the inversion accuracy with field investigation data. Different spectral pretreatments are compared and then an inversion model of soil Cu content based on random frog leaping and regression tree ensemble is established. Compared with the original spectrum, the utilized spectral transformations can significantly increase the number of sensitive bands for soil Cu inversion, and the correlation between Cu content and spectrum can be improved as well. We also find the reciprocal spectrum and its differential transformations have the highest correlation with the soil Cu content. Moreover, the R2 and RMSE of the inversion model are 0.826 and 596.79 mg/kg, respectively, indicating that AHSI/ZY1-02D hyperspectral data can be used to estimate the total Cu content in the soil at mining area.
Assessing Uranium Ore Processing Activities Using Satellite Imagery at Pyongsan in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)’s only confirmed uranium mill is within the Pyongsan uranium mining complex. The ore processing pathway and the production capacity for uranium concentrate is analyzed, based on comprehensive satellite imagery analysis of this facility. This assessment of the Pyongsan facility indicates an ore processing capacity of ∼750–1,200 tonnes per day. One year of maximum production at Pyongsan would yield enough processed ore to fuel one load of the 5 MWe reactor in Yongbyon as well as ∼3,000 kg of LEU or ∼100 kg of HEU. The analysis suggests that the ore processing capacity at Pyongsan is not a constraint on the DPRK’s nuclear material production and that the available capacity at the Pyongsan milling facility strongly suggests that the DPRK has no need in another uranium milling facility of a comparable size. This report provides an improved understanding of the ore processing steps and production rates of the only confirmed uranium mill in the DPRK, enabling a more quantitative assessment of its nuclear materials production and inventories.
南雄盆地白垩纪&amp;lt;bold&amp;gt;-&amp;lt;/bold&amp;gt;古近纪&amp;lt;bold&amp;gt;(K-Pg)&amp;lt;/bold&amp;gt;界线位置探讨&amp;mdash;&amp;mdash;来自火山活动及古气候演化的证据

陆相地层中K-Pg位置的确定对白垩纪末期陆地生态系统演化过程(尤其是非鸟类恐龙灭绝)的研究意义重大, 目前世界范围内的陆相K-Pg研究集中在中高纬度地区, 如北美及中国的东北地区. 位于低纬度地区的南雄盆地虽然也开展了大量的工作, 成为中国陆相白垩系-古近系地层划分对比的标准, 但是不同的研究者从不同的角度提出了4条可能的界线, 因此关于其具体的位置仍有待进一步确定. 本文对4条界线前后的样品进行了总汞(Hg)含量、环境磁学、地球化学等参数的测定, 并与全球记录进行了对比. 结果显示: (1) 总Hg含量在浈水组上段和上湖组坪岭段明显升高, 且表现出剧烈的峰谷波动, 结合已有的年代结果, 可以将Hg的异常高值归因为德干高原火山喷发, 界线1位于Hg异常区间的中部, 也是火山喷发的中期, 符合全球K-Pg界线与火山喷发的时间关系; (2) 重建的古气候演化曲线揭示出盆地红色沉积物记录了马斯特里赫特期末期的热事件(~66.2Ma, LMWE), 从4条界线与该事件的联系上看, 也只有界线1最接近南雄盆地真实的K-Pg界线.
Face and facial expression recognition using local directional feature structure

The face expression recognition is used in countless application areas for example security, computer vision and medical science etc. The facial expressions are used to communicate in a non-verbal way (i.e., using eye contact, facial expressions etc.). Emotions play an important role in facial expression recognition which helps to identify what an individual is feeling. Various AI research in the field of facial recognition system is being carried since a decade. Many of the machine learning algorithms are also being used to identify the facial expression which helps them to train and test using the facial expression to get a correct output of the given expression. This paper presents a new facial expression recognition system, local directional feature structure (LDFS). LDFS uses different features of the face (i.e., eyebrows, nose, mouth, eyes). The face is detected and aligned using the edge detection. The task of the edge detection is to detect the face, face alignment and position variations of the face. The edge detection extracts the specific features for the identification of the emotions. Two types of datasets have been used for the qualitative and quantitative experiments on the face expression mainly the CK+ and Jaffe dataset. This approach for our model shows an improvement when compared to the existing system.
Analysis of Sensitive Spectral Characteristics of Farmland Soil Organic Matter Content Based on AHSI/ZY1-02D Data

Soil organic matter content (SOM-C) is an important evaluation index of soil quality. Hyperspectral remote sensing inversion method of SOM-C is a popular approach. However, the lack of satellite hyperspectral data limits the application of this technology. This study took Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province as the research area. To analyze the application potential of AHSI/ZY1-02D data in the extraction of SOM-C information, we compared the correlation between SOM-C and pixel reflectance spectrum, transformed spectrum and spectral indices, and then built a SOM-C inversion model based on spectral indices with RMSE of 5.97 g/kg. The results showed good correlation between the transformed hyperspectral satellite data and actual SOM-C in the mid-range between 20–35 g/kg region, which indicated the satellite hyperspectral images can provide significant data support for soil quality evaluation.
Analysis and Design of Inventory Control Information Systems With Forecasting Methods: Moving Average and Exponential Smoothing

Inventory inventory on CV. Mitra Marga Sejahtera often experiences stockpiling of goods so that it wastes more costs and the manual process of recording goods using excel, so that they often experience data corruption and loss of sales data. Forecasting methods are usually used by the sales department in planning (sales planning) based on the results of sales forecasts, so that forecasting information can be useful for Production which uses Moving Average and Exponential Smoothing. the program that has been made using the forecasting method can help manage the stock of goods that will be needed in the coming months, so that store managers can save costs in stock items that are not excessive
Hilbert–Schmidt Independence Criterion Regularization Kernel Framework on Symmetric Positive Definite Manifolds

Image recognition tasks involve an increasingly high amount of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices data. SPD manifolds exhibit nonlinear geometry, and Euclidean machine learning methods cannot be directly applied to SPD manifolds. The kernel trick of SPD manifolds is based on the concept of projecting data onto a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Unfortunately, existing kernel methods do not consider the connection of SPD matrices and linear projections. Thus, a framework that uses the correlation between SPD matrices and projections to model the kernel map is proposed herein. To realize this, this paper formulates a Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) regularization framework based on the kernel trick, where HSIC is usually used to express the interconnectedness of two datasets. The proposed framework allows us to extend the existing kernel methods to new HSIC regularization kernel methods. Additionally, this paper proposes an algorithm called HSIC regularized graph discriminant analysis (HRGDA) for SPD manifolds based on the HSIC regularization framework. The proposed HSIC regularization framework and HRGDA are highly accurate and valid based on experimental results on several classification tasks.
Blockchain Based Mutual Authentication for VoIP Applications with Biometric Signatures

In this study, a novel decentralized authentication model is proposed for establishing a secure communications structure in VoIP applications. The proposed scheme considers a distributed architecture called the blockchain. With this scheme, we highlight the multimedia data is more resistant to some of the potential attacks according to the centralized architecture. Our scheme presents the overall system authentication architecture, and it is suitable for mutual authentication in terms of privacy and anonymity. We construct an ECC-based model in the encryption infrastructure because our structure is time-constrained during communications. This study differs from prior work in that blockchain platforms with ECC-Based Biometric Signature. We generate a biometric key for creating a unique ID value with ECC to verify the caller and device authentication together in blockchain. We validated the proposed model by comparing with the existing method in VoIP application used centralized architecture.
A Socio-Historical Perspective on Ponzi Schemes and Development in Nigeria: The Role of the Christian Church

This paper is a study on Ponzi schemes, development and the Christian church in Nigeria. It traced the emergence of Ponzi schemes in Nigeria. The paper considered the practices of Mavrodi Mondial Movement (MMM), being one of the strongest Ponzi schemes in Nigeria. It assessed the impact of this Ponzi scheme on development in the country. It also looked into the role played by the Christian Church during the period of the scheme’s existence in the country. The paper, however concluded that, despite the people involved in the scheme being interested in supposedly helping people (including those in the scheme and the less privileged), it is contrary to the ethos of Christianity that touches on labour and its corresponding success. The data collected for the study were analysed using socio-historical approach.
A Tensor Space Model-Based Deep Neural Network for Text Classification

Most text classification systems use machine learning algorithms; among these, naïve Bayes and support vector machine algorithms adapted to handle text data afford reasonable performance. Recently, given developments in deep learning technology, several scholars have used deep neural networks (recurrent and convolutional neural networks) to improve text classification. However, deep learning-based text classification has not greatly improved performance compared to that of conventional algorithms. This is because a textual document is essentially expressed as a vector (only), albeit with word dimensions, which compromises the inherent semantic information, even if the vector is (appropriately) transformed to add conceptual information. To solve this ‘loss of term senses’ problem, we develop a concept-driven deep neural network based upon our semantic tensor space model. The semantic tensor used for text representation features a dependency between the term and the concept; we use this to develop three deep neural networks for text classification. We perform experiments using three standard document corpora, and we show that our proposed methods are superior to both traditional and more recent learning methods.
Architectonics of Scientific Personnel Training in the Conditions of Postgraduate Study (on the Example of the First Year of Training)

The questions related to postgraduate education as an institution for training scientific personnel, which seeks to create and put into practice its own concept of training graduate students and applicants on the basis of universities are observed in the article. The author considers the architectonics of postgraduate training from the perspective of the quality of educational programs and pedagogical technologies; creating conditions for continuing education through a combination of different forms and methods of education based on the principle of continuity and preservation of the pedagogical potential of all scientific disciplines in teaching of personnel in postgraduate school. Having studied the reasons for low publication activity of postgraduates / applicants in the Transbaikal State University and on the basis of the existing FSES of Higher Education in postgraduate education the author has attempted to create an architectonics of postgraduate training continuity (1st level). On the example of the “Foreign Language” discipline the practical implementation of first-year postgraduates training within the framework of the succession architectonics is shown. The article provides a detailed description of each block of training with an emphasis on the integration of the educational process participants and taught scientific disciplines, analyzes the collected statistical data on the problem in the ZabGU, draws conclusions and forecasts the results. Keywords: architectonics, continuity, postgraduate professional education, scientific personnel, postgraduate school, foreign language, publication activity
A Step Towards Global Counterfactual Explanations: Approximating the Feature Space Through Hierarchical Division and Graph Search

The field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tries to make learned models more understandable.One type of explanation for such models are counterfactual explanations.Counterfactual explanations explain the decision for a specific instance, the factual, by providing a similar instance which leads to a different decision, the counterfactual.In this work a new approaches around the idea of counterfactuals was developed.It generates a data structure over the feature space of a classification problem to accelerate the search for counterfactuals and augments them with global explanations.The approach maps the feature space by hierarchically dividing it into regions which belong to the same class.It is applicable in any case where predictions can be generated for input data, even without direct access to the model.The framework works well for lower-dimensional problems but becomes unpractical due to high computation times at around 12 to 15 dimensions.
Multi-Layer and Clustering-Based Security Implementation for an IoT Environment

IoT devices are having many constraints related to computation power and memory etc. Many existing cryptographic algorithms of security could not work with IoT devices because of these constraints. Since the sensors are used in large amount to collect the relevant data in an IoT environment, and different sensor devices transmit these data as useful information, the first thing needs to be secure is the identity of devices. The second most important thing is the reliable information transmission between a sensor node and a sink node. While designing the cryptographic method in the IoT environment, programmers need to keep in mind the power limitation of the constraint devices. Mutual authentication between devices and encryption-decryption of messages need some sort of secure key. In the proposed cryptographic environment, there will be a hierarchical clustering, and devices will get registered by the authentication center at the time they enter the cluster. The devices will get mutually authenticated before initiating any conversation and will have to follow the public key protocol.
Socially Aware Bias Measurements for Hindi Language Representations

Trigger warning: This paper contains examples of stereotypes and other harms that could be offensive and triggering to individuals.Language representations are efficient tools used across NLP applications, but they are strife with encoded societal biases.These biases are studied extensively, but with a primary focus on English language representations and biases common in the context of Western society.In this work, we investigate biases present in Hindi language representations with focuses on caste and religion-associated biases.We demonstrate how biases are unique to specific language representations based on the history and culture of the region they are widely spoken in, and how the same societal bias (such as binary gender-associated biases) is encoded by different words and text spans across languages.The discoveries of our work highlight the necessity of culture awareness and linguistic artifacts when modeling language representations, in order to better understand the encoded biases.
Characterizing the Ice-Free Area of Cierva Point (Antarctic Peninsula) Using Reflectance Spectroscopy

Ice-free areas within the Antarctic Peninsula region are of particular interest due to their rich terrestrial biodiversity. They are often small extensions in isolated areas and the use of visible near infrared reflectance is an ideal tool for characterizing and monitoring their extension and surface covers. The objective of this work was to use reflectance spectroscopy to determine the distribution of terrestrial land surface covers at Cierva Point. A site specific spectral library containing 86 reference spectra was compiled. As a result, a selection of image-derived spectra from multispectral satellite data were easily labeled using the reference spectra. A preliminary distribution has distinguished seven different basic surface covers over the study area.
Focus Group on Social Virtual Reality in Social Virtual Reality: Effects on Emotion and Self-Awareness

Social Virtual Reality (VR) platforms enable multiple users to be present together in the same virtual environment (VE) and interact with each other in this space.These platforms are used in different application areas including teaching and learning, conferences, and meetings.To improve the engagement, safety, and overall positive experience in such platforms it is important to understand the effect they have on users' emotional states and self-awareness while being in the VE.In this work, we present a focus group study where we discussed users' opinions about social VR and we ran the focus group in a social VR platform created in Hubs by Mozilla.Our primary goal was to investigate users' emotional states and self-awareness while using this platform.We measured these effects using positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) and Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ).The experiment involved 12 adult participants who were volunteers from around the world with previous experience of VR.
Peranacang Sistem Informasi Penerimaan Sumbangan Pembinaan Pendidikan (SPP) pada SD Qur'an Al-Fityan Batusangkar

The problem was discussed in this study is the recording the receipt of the Educational Development Contribution (SPP) which still manually. The SPP acceptance report is not yet available computerized and there is no computerized recording system used to record SPP receipts at Al-Fityan Batusangkar Elementary School. The type of research that the author uses is the development using the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) method, namely to create an accounting application program for SPP receipt transactions at Al-Fityan Batusangkar Elementary School by conducting a development model to produce. The applications used are PHP Native, Visual Studio Code, MySQL. The resulting product has implemented an accounting system application in recording the receipt of Educational Development Contributions (SPP) and has produced a receipt report and proof of payment. In addition, the product has also given good results against all elements of PIECES
Influence of the compression algorithms on the quality of audio programs in DRM digital radio broadcasting system

This work studied the influence of MPEG-4 HE-AAC v.2 and MPEG-4 xHE-AAC compression algorithms on the reproduction performance of high-quality audio signals. The first part of the article is based on the analysis of earlier publications, studied quality of the compression algorithms for MPEG-4 ISO/IEC 14493-3 (AAC, AAC+SBR, PS, AAC+SBR+PS) and MPEG D Surround standards applied in MPEG-4 HE-AAC v.2 and MPEG-4 xHE-AAC codecs of DAB and DRM systems for digital audio broadcasting, respectively. It has been demonstrated that their use for processing of high-quality audio signals in the frequency range of 40…15000 Hz, allowed to reduce the digital-data rate at the output to 24…30 кbit/s, without observing noticeable phenomena. This conclusion was confirmed in the second part of the article, which described the results of relative comparison of the quality of reproduction of audio signals broadcasted via analogues FM or digital DRM channels. The equipment employed for their realization was described, as well as the methodology to obtain test recordings in order to perform the statistical data analysis. Further, the specific data scales were shown to evaluate the signal pairs being compared. Results of the experiments and their analysis confirmed that, for a digital data rate of 30 кbit/s obtained at the output of the MPEG-4 xHE-AAC coder, the difference in quality was rather weak for audio signals ranging from 40 to 15000 Hz, broadcasted via both analogues and digital channels. In addition, only a marginal difference was noticed for the signal pairs received from the digital output channels of the transmitter processor and DRM receiver. It has been demonstrated that the MPEG-4 xHE-AAC codec, compared to the previous MPEG-4 HE-AAC v.2 version, exhibited clear advantages for practical applications in terms of sound quality. Based on the gained experience, common criteria of deterioration of the data quality were formulated and generalized for all audio compression MPEG standards.
GR communication in social networks

The study of GR research (I. Mergel, 2017 [1]) made it possible to determine the peculiarities of presence, communication and visual representation of power in social networks. Conclusions were made about the emerging trends of aestheticization, new rigor, expressed in the requirements for the organization of visual space, geolocation and content, imposed by the structure of social networks, orders and boundaries of technical agents (John Law, 2015 [2]). The discursive principles of the social network Instagram, which determine social habits and practices, have been identified (L. Manovich, 2016 [3,4], A. V. Markov, 2020 [5]). The modes of communication of the government and social networks are considered.
Dark Tourism Opportunities and Challenges: A case study from Lapindo Mud Disaster

The purpose of this article is to analyze the opportunities and challenges of the potential dark tourism of Lapindo Mud, as well as to find out the practice of Lapindo Mud dark tourism because of the many irregularities that the authors found when conducting research. The methodology used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. In-depth interviews with Lapindo mud victims, the Lapindo Mud Control Center observation, and documentation. The Opportunity of Lapindo Mud dark tourism is the tourist motivation for visiting Lapindo Mud is not to admire the natural beauty and take a vacation, but there is a spiritual and sympathetic sense of tourists interspersed with pain and even anger towards tragic stories caused by nature or human crimes to be unique. Some facts make challenges for this dark tourism; namely, management is carried out spontaneously or without planning. The focus of this study is indeed narrow, but the findings provide theoretical and practical insights into the conceptualization of dark tourism by analyzing opportunities and challenges related to the potential of dark tourism in Lapindo Mud. Thus, the understanding of this phenomenon can be improved and can be used to add knowledge and reference material for further research.&#x0D; Keywords: Dark Tourism, Lapindo Mud, Tourist Motivation, Opportunities, Challenges
On Quantum Collision Resistant Function

In the classical hashing theory, collision is a coincidence of the values of a function with different arguments.This paper formulates a quantum analogue of the collision property.A variant of formalization of the concept of quantum function resistant to collisions was proposed.Within the framework of this formalization, the theorem (sufficient condition) on the quantum function that is resistant to collisions was proved.