Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Learning Motivation of Students in Teaching Indonesian to Speakers of Other Language in Manila

Learning motivation is one of the factors influencing language learning achievement and its continuity.This means understanding the motivation of learners is required to improve language learning.Therefore, this study aims to describe and explain the types of motivation associated with Teaching Indonesian to Speakers of Other Language (TISOL) learners in Manila, Philippines.A naturalistic case study was used with the data collected through observation and in-depth interview while the samples were selected using the purposive sampling technique.The findings showed there are two types of motivation for TISOL learners in Manila and these include external and internal motivation.The external aspect indicates the use of the Indonesian language in all the regions of Indonesia and several neighboring countries as well as the need to preserve the country's culture and the similarities between the vocabularies of Tagalog and Indonesian languages.Meanwhile, the internal aspect includes the opportunity it provides to work with Indonesians, the willingness to gain knowledge and have new friends, and the ability to communicate with locals when traveling to Indonesia.
Upaya Pencegahan Smartphone Addicted Berbasis Vocabulary Word Match Game Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar Desa Tumi Jaya Oku Timur

The aim of this community service is to reduce addicted Smartphone by providing and introduction to mastery of English Vocabulary through the vocabulary word match game method for elementary school in Tumi Jaya Village, Jayapura OKU Timur. The method used is by using a word match game, this service program can be carried out well and run smoothly according to what has been planned from the beginning of the activity even though all service participants have not mastered the material well. This activity got a very good response with the evidence of the activeness of the service participants in participating in the learning process by not leaving the material before it was finished. The message conveyed by the leaders and parents of elementary school was that they must continued to hold follow-up activities in the form of similar training which are always held periodically so that they can improve their ability of elementary school in carrying out the learning process, especially in increasing vocabulary.
A class of higher inductive types in Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory

Abstract We define a class of higher inductive types that can be constructed in the category of sets under the assumptions of Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice or the existence of uncountable regular cardinals. This class includes the example of unordered trees of any arity.
Analisis Topik Tagar Covidindonesia pada Instagram Menggunakan Latent Dirichlet Allocation

In this era, technology is increasingly sophisticated, this is evidenced by the number of people using the internet via cell phones, laptops, and other communication tools. One of the developments of this technology is social media such as Instagram. Along with technological developments, Instagram users can upload and share photos and videos using hashtags (#) so that other users can find the results of their posts. Instagram has now become one of the social media used by more than 1 billion people in the world. In this study, the authors wanted to know the dominant topics discussed through the hashtag covidindonesia. This research was conducted using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method. The analysis was carried out after doing text mining on 84 captions from various users on Instagram. To determine the optimal number of topics, by looking at the value of perplexity and topic coherence. The results obtained are the top 5 topics that are the content material in the uploaded video. These topics include covidindonesia, covid_19, pandemics in Indonesia, and discussion of covid-19 virus mutations.
Moral and ethical aspect of distance education

Distance learning has been one of the integral trends in the development of the modern educational system, representing a set of new ways of transferring information, innovative methods of interaction between teachers and students. Distance education, which has emerged as a way of providing equal opportunities to all potential participants in the educational process, is a source of new problems, which predetermines the relevance of the research. The purpose of the research is to identify the most important moral and ethical problems, including those that have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has become a serious challenge for the global educational system. The research methods used are analysis, analogy, generalization. The experience of remote work of MSTU teachers in the pandemic period is also in demand. The results: the article highlights the main ethical threats associated with online education, which are distributed according to the nature and degree of impact on the learning process. The key findings: the moral and ethical aspect of distance education is one of the most important in the gradual transition to a new teaching format. These problems became especially acute in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which the forced and accelerated introduction of distance learning into pedagogical practice has been carried out, which revealed the vulnerability of entire regions and categories of the population. The experience of the education system in the pandemic requires deep study and generalization to adjust the methods and rates of innovative processes in modern Pedagogy, as well as to clarify the place, nature and importance of distance learning in the educational system.
A formalization of one of the main claims of “A linked data model for data scopes” by De Boer et al. 20211

De Boer et al. claimed in previous work that in the context of Digital Humanities research, usage of the Linked Data Scopes ontology contributes to transparency of the research. We present here a formalization of that claim, stating that all things of class “usage of Linked Data Scopes” that are in the context of a thing of class “digital humanities research” can generally have a relation of type “contributes to” to a thing of class “transparency” in the same context.
The Role of The Internet of Things In Improving Farmers' Skills

Indonesia is an agrarian country, ironically Indonesia still imports food needs from abroad, therefore at this time it is necessary to improve the management of agricultural land which is based on the use of technology and is supported by competent human resources.This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach where the researcher conducts field observations that focus on the Tricipta farmer group located in Cimenyan village.Then the researchers tried to identify the increase in the competence of farmers by using the concept of competence from McClelland and coupled with a literacy study.Therefore, the application of the smart farming model with an element of competence is something that should be implemented in the context of reforming the agricultural system in Indonesia.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Evaluasi Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Bermuatan Nilai Karakter Tri Kaya Parisudha Dengan Strategi Think Talk Write

The purposes of this study are (1) to describe the feasibility of evaluating early childhood learning textbooks containing the Tri Kaya Parisudha character with a think talk write strategy developed in terms of content and construct validity, (2) to describe the feasibility of early childhood learning evaluation textbooks containing characters. Tri Kaya Parisudha with a think talk write strategy which was developed in terms of practical use in the classroom. This research is a Research and Development (R&amp;D) model or research and development. Research and development is a process or scientific steps used in researching, producing or improving existing products. This development refers to the model of the Borg and Gall measures. The data that has been obtained using an instrument that has been designed and then analyzed descriptively with qualitative descriptive techniques. The quality of the product in the form of teaching materials developed must meet the feasibility of the aspects of validity and practicality. From the results of research data analysis, the conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) early childhood learning evaluation textbooks containing the value of the tri Kaya Parisudha character with thik talk write settings have met the feasibility of content validity with a score of 4.52 being in the very good category, (2) early childhood learning evaluation textbooks containing the value of the tri Kaya parisudha character with the thik talk write setting have met the practicality seen from the aspect of using time which is classified as efficient, and the student score of 3.72 is in the good category.
THE PREDICTIONS OF PERFORMANCE METRICS IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Information retrieval systems are widely used by people from all walks of life to meet diverse user needs. Hence, the ability of these retrieval systems to return the relevant information in response to user queries has been a matter of concern to the information retrieval research community. To address this concern, evaluations of these retrieval systems is extremely critical and the most popular way is the approach that employs test collections. This approach has been the popular evaluation approach in information retrieval for several decades. However, one of the limitations of this evaluation approach concerns the costly creation of relevance judgments. In recent research, this limitation was addressed by predicting performance metrics at the high cut-off depths of documents by using performance metrics computed at low cut-off depths. However, the challenge the research community is faced with is how to predict the precision and the non-cumulative gain performance metrics at the high cut-off depths of documents while using other performance metrics computed at the low cut-off depths of at most 30 documents. This study addresses this challenge by investigating the predictability of performance metrics and proposing two approaches that predict the precision and the non-cumulative discounted gain performance metrics. This study has shown that there exist dataset shifts in the performance metrics computed from different test collections. Furthermore, the proposed approaches have demonstrated better results of the ranked correlations of the predictions of performance metrics than existing research.
The Effectiveness of Learning to Write Invitation Letters Using Project Based Learning Models and Expository Models for Class V Elementary School Students

The aims of this study were (1) to explain the effectiveness of learning to write invitation letters using a project based learning model for fifth grade elementary school students, (2) to explain the effectiveness of learning to write invitation letters using an expository model for fifth grade elementary school students, (3) to find out differences in the level of the effectiveness of learning to write invitation letters with project based learning models and expository models for fifth grade elementary school students. The research designs used in this study were quasi-experiment designs. The results of this study 1) Learning to write invitation letters with a project based learning model had an effect on increasing learning outcomes in writing invitation letters for fifth grade elementary school students, 2) Learning to write invitation letters with an expository model had an effect on increasing learning outcomes in writing invitation letters at fifth grade elementary school students, 3) learning to write invitation letters with an expository model was better than project based learning model learning in improving learning outcomes to write invitation letters for fifth grade elementary school students. Keywords: Learning to write invitation letters, project-based learning models, expository models.
1-generator two-dimensional quasi-cyclic codes over $\mathbb{Z}_4[u]/\langle u^2-1\rangle$

In this paper, we obtain generating set of polynomials of two-dimensional cyclic codes over the ring $R=\mathbb{Z}_4[u]/\langle u^2-1\rangle$, where $u^2=1$. Moreover, we find generator polynomials for two-dimensional quasi-cyclic codes and two-dimensional generalized quasi-cyclic codes over $R$ and specify a lower bound on minimum distance of free 1-generator two-dimensional quasi-cyclic codes and two-dimensional generalized quasi-cyclic codes over $R$.
Impostor Scams

Impostor scams have recently become the most common type of consumer scam in America, surpassing identity theft. It has never been easier and more profitable to be an impostor scammer. Though the core of these scams dates back centuries, these fraudsters consistently find novel ways to manipulate human motives and emotions. Nonetheless, the public should not give up hope. Policymakers and private actors can slow down this scourge if they focus on the key chokepoints that impostor scammers rely upon to achieve their ends. This Article provides a roadmap for a solution to impostor scams, offering specific suggestions for mitigating this fraud today, while advocating the adoption of a “least-cost avoider” approach to address the whole of the ongoing problem.
A Study on the Design of Big Data Governance Framework in Higher Education and Its Application in Student Management

Big data governance framework helps to analyze the logical structure of data governance and provides support for the implementation of data governance.The school-based education big data governance can solve the current problem of lack of education big data practice.Based on the practice dilemma of big data in university education, this paper has designed a reference framework for big data governance in university education, so as to help users analyze and settle the problems in the field of educational data governance in student management more comprehensively and objectively.
Using Graphic Organizers (GOs) to Improve Writing Opinion Paragraph among Intermediate EFL Learners

Graphic organizers (GOs) are a set of learning strategies which involve representation of information in visuals or graphics forms.When written material or difficult concepts are expressed graphically, the students can develop alternative structures for understanding the course concepts.The study intended to investigate the efficacy of using graphic organizers to enhance writing opinion paragraphs among Iranian intermediate EFL learners.In addition, it aimed to explore whether using graphic organizers causes differential effects among Iranian male versus female intermediate learners.To this end, Among the EFL learners attending English learning courses at Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz-Iran, a total number of 72 learners were selected randomly and classified to an experimental and a control group.The results indicated that employing activities using graphic organizers in EFL writing classes may help intermediate EFL learners to ameliorate ability of writing opinion paragraph.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Software Pembelajaran Daring Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Guru SD Negeri 2 Abiansemal

Most of the teachers at SD Negeri 2 Abiansemal have not been able to carry out online learning to the fullest during the Covid-19 pandemic. This causes the learning process to run monotonously. Therefore, efforts are needed to maximize the ability of teachers to use online learning software. This effort was carried out in the form of research that aims to analyze the effectiveness of using online learning software during the Covid-19 pandemic for teachers at SD Negeri 2 Abiansemal. This research is a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design model. The population and sample of this study were all 16 teachers at SD Negeri 2 Abiansemal. The instrument used is the SAMR model test. Data analysis in this study was paired t-test as a difference test and N-gain as an effectiveness test. The results of this study indicate that the use of online learning software during the Covid-19 pandemic for teachers at SD Negeri 2 Abiansemal is effective in improving teaching abilities. (pretest &lt; posttest = 64.06 &lt; 92.19; tcount &gt; ttable = 25,422 &gt; 2,131; sig.(2-tailed) &lt; α; N-gain = 79,98%).
UNDERSTANDING CYBERCRIME AND YOUTH: A PERCEPTION BASED APPROACH

In recent years, the issue of cybercrime has overwhelmed everyone who is related to the internet in any capacity. Recent studies have shown that the incidents of cybercrime vastly involve youngsters, which has serious consequences for them as victims and as cyber offenders. The existing body of knowledge related to cybercrime focus upon various issues of internet in general and social media in particular. However, a thorough approach on the issues of cybercrime with relevance to youth is missing. Therefore, this study tries to fill this gap by offering youth and victim-based approach on the issues pertaining to cybercrime. For attaining this purpose, qualitative research approach was adopted in conducting this research project. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 40 young victims of cybercrime. The respondents were recruited through purposive sampling from district Peshawar of 18 to 25 years of age. Furthermore, the respondents were recruited from three clusters of district Peshawar namely Gul Bahar, Hayat Abad, and University town. Various dimensions of cybercrime and involvement of youth as victims and as criminals were explored. It can be concluded that the youth mostly experience cybercrime in the form of cyber bullying, blackmailing and hacking. Further, the findings suggest that many youngsters make their choices on social media and internet without being aware of cybercrimes and thus succumbed to cyber criminals. The participants also reiterated that lack of proper restrictions and policing have created a crime friendly zone for cyber criminals. Based on the findings and participant views, it is recommended that the government, relevant bodies, institutions, and all stake holders including youth should come forward and help in developing a research and technology driven policy backed by separate cybercrime policing system. Key Words: Cyber space, Cybercrime, Victimization, Cybercriminal, Youth
A Model to Compute the Solar Parameters in Relation to Determining the Optimal Angles for Solar Panels in Many Locations in Iraq

Directing solar panels in a way that collects the largest possible amount of solar energy is still attracting a lot of attention due to the continuous need to get clean, inexpensive renewable energy. Iraq is one of the countries characterized by the abundance of solar energy but the investment in this field has been far below ambition. In this study, an application developed with the visual basic programing language was used to compute precisely various solar angles and parameters , as a powerful tool for engineers and researchers. The outputs of the model were tested and discussed in detail. The air mass values were also computed for three cities: Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra. The results showed that the best time to acquire the solar radiation would be from 10 am to 2 pm (local time), the period that has the lowest values of air mass. Additional useful calculations that can be estimated by the application were the terrestrial irradiances from four empirical models for the clear sky: Roledo-Soler, Adnot, Kasten – Czeplak, and Berger-Duffie. The calculated values of terrestrial irradiance were compared with observed data measured by automatic weather station. The application simulated the actual values with some deviations due to the existence of clouds and aerosols. Kasten – Czeplak model was recommended to be used in Iraq since it was the best model to simulate the measured values. The comparison between the model’s output and the measured values on a daily basis on the 21st of June showed good agreement. The study suggested that the solar panels should face the south direction with a change of the tilt angle of the panels from 25o in June to a value of 60o each month towards the coldest months by an increment of 5 degrees.
Assessment and comparison of adaptation levels of foreign students at pre-university training programs

Successful adaptation of foreign students to higher education system and life in Russia is an actual objective of all pre-university training programs. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of academic, social and psychological, and personal adaptation of foreign students of the pre-master’s training program in comparison with the adaptation level of future foreign bachelors. In empirical research the authors analyzed responses of 92 foreign students of the pre-university training programs at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. The results show that the process of foreign pre-master’s students’ adaptation differs in its specificity. In accordance with the competency-based approach in modern education this fact is recommended to be considered when preparing programs of pre-master’s training of foreigners for admission to Russian universities.
9-Effect of Experiential Learning on Students’ Motivation and Interest at Elementary Level in the Subject of General Science

The research was conducted to explore the effect of experiential learning on students’ motivation and interest at elementary levels in the subject of General Science. The purposes of research were, (i) to measure the influence of experiential studying on student’s motivation towards learning, (ii) to examine the influence of experiential learning on student’s interest toward learning. The null hypothesis were designed to test the objectives as (i) there was no meaningful difference among the motivation of experimental groups and control groups, (ii) no significant difference was there between the mean scores of experimental group and control group on post-test. The 5th class students of WAPDA Senior Model School Tarbela Dam Project was taken randomly as example of research. The research was experimental in nature. The pretest, posttest Equivalent Group Designs was used. Both experimental and control groups had equated upon the footing of researcher made pre-test scores. Both groups were exposed to same course but their style of learning was different. Experiential learning method was selected for experimental group for the period of six weeks duration. Researcher made pretest, posttest and observations sheets used as data collection tools. The data was investigated by employing mean score and t-test. Results indicate that the students of experimental group was more motivated resultantly they performed significantly better than control groups upon posttest presenting the supremacy of the experiential learning upon old-style learning. It was found through observation sheet that experiential learning developed strong motivation and interest in experimental group students. It was concluded that experiential learning was effective in teaching science at elementary grade. It was recommended that the teachers should be trained to teach students by experiential learning. The training institution should train the teachers to use different methods of teaching such as experiential learning. In this way all the students’ motivation and interest will increase. Resultantly students’ academic performance will also increase.