Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The use of methodological approaches in forming the readiness of future teachers to develop cultural competence of primary school students

The article substantiates methodological approaches, the basis of which is the formation of the readiness of future teachers to develop cultural competence of primary school students. It is noted that the methodological basis of the research includes cultural, systemic, personal, competence and activity approaches. The formation of the readiness of future teachers to develop cultural competence of primary school students on the basis of methodological approaches is defined as: • Perceiving the future teacher as a subject of culture, education, cultural process; forming cultural competence and pedagogical culture; creating opportunities for personal, cultural, professional and intellectual growth; instilling values and moral qualities; forming the future teacher as a mediator between culture, art and students, etc. (cultural approach). • A comprehensive structural and logical pedagogical system with interconnected elements and structured parts (systemic approach). • Focusing on the personality of future teachers, individual and creative development of their personality and creation of appropriate conditions taking into account the peculiarities of personal development (personal approach). • The process of forming the readiness of future teachers aimed at mastering the appropriate competences necessary to develop cultural competence of primary school students (competence approach). • Professional training based on specially created pedagogical conditions, a suitable environment, learning through activities aimed at mastering professional and pedagogical knowledge, abilities, skills, experience, etc. (activity approach). It is noted that the implementation of methodological approaches will contribute to the determination of the main directions and strategies for solving the investigated problem, i.e. the formation of the readiness of future teachers to develop cultural competence of primary school students. Keywords: readiness of future teachers, methodological approaches, cultural approach, systemic approach, personal approach, competence approach, activity approach, cultural competence.
Psychological – pedagogical aspects of providing a formative assessment to the control and evaluation activities of primary class teachers in the conditions of NUSH

The psychological-pedagogical aspects of the primary school teacher’s control and assessment activities are analyzed through the prism of the formative approach, which is becoming dominant in the conditions of the NUSH (New Ukrainian School). The main content of the concepts of control, assessment, educational achievements is revealed. Assessment is the stimulus for learning, dominating the elementary grades in the form of motivated evaluative judgment. The values of the main functions and principles of formative assessment are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the age-related psychological characteristics of children of primary school age and the formation of basic neoplasms, the so-called metacognitive skills, which are manifested through reflection, self-evaluation, and mutual evaluation. The teacher’s use of detailed evaluative judgments in teaching first-graders in order to establish positive feedback is described. The need for teachers to understand that objectivity, impartiality of evaluation, positive feedback, self-evaluation and mutual evaluation of educational activities are important tools based on partnership pedagogy, which is one of the main directions of modernization of primary education, is emphasized. The combination of daily control with self-assessment, the use of verbal assessment in the form of motivated pedagogical judgments, which is a positive psychological aspect of the implementation of formative assessment, is substantiated. The key competence is highlighted – the ability to learn, which is based on the development of personal assets of primary school students. For this purpose, an analysis of the main stages of the algorithm of the teacher’s activity during the application of the formative approach, as a process of such control and evaluation activity, which would contribute, first of all, to the development and formation of the student’s personality, was made. The algorithm for determining educational goals emphasizes the expediency of applying the SMART principle, positive feedback, reveals the importance of reflection as a factor in the formation of self-evaluation and mutual evaluation of elementary school students. Emphasis is placed on the creation of a «situation of success» in the control and evaluation activities of primary school teachers during the use of formative evaluation. Keywords: control, formative assessment, educational results, personal assets, self-assessment, mutual assessment, evaluative judgments, reflection, positive feedback, activity algorithm.
Blended learning as a way to the regeneration of modern education

The the concept of blended learning, emphasizing the combination of traditional and online methods is discussed. The traditional model of blended learning and its key elements is presented. The article is dedicated to a detailed analysis of regulatory documents, outlining the main directions and recommendations for integrating this approach into the educational system. Active research of foreign practices (specifically in the USA, Canada, Australia, Norway, and the Netherlands) as well as domestic ones allows for a deeper understanding of the specifics and challenges of applying blended learning models in higher education institutions. Special attention is given to analyzing their effectiveness and the impact on the quality of student education. The progress in the development of information and communication technologies, coupled with the unexpected global pandemic, has led to significant changes in all areas of life, especially in education, intensifying the need for adaptation and exploring new learning approaches. As a result of the changes in the educational sector, the organization of the educational process has undergone significant adjustments and updates. One of the key innovations has been the implementation of blended learning. The article comprehensively outlines the main aspects of this approach, highlights its application possibilities, and points out specific benefits for students and educators. It separately discusses technical and organizational challenges that educators might face when planning, organizing, and implementing blended learning in real-world practice. It is clarified that a primary feature of blended learning is the dynamic interaction of participants in the educational process. This interaction is based on a combination of various types of learning, such as remote (online) and traditional (offline) learning. It should be emphasized that most scholars support the idea that blended learning is not merely a mixture of different formats but an integrated process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and abilities, where the combination of modern and traditional learning technologies plays a pivotal role. It has been found that, despite the sustained interest of scholars in this issue and numerous studies, the topic of blended learning as an innovative way to rejuvenate modern education remains relevant and not fully addressed to this day. This attests to the complexity and multifaceted nature of this subject. It’s determined that the preparation of educators for the organization of blended learning in higher education institutions is of particular significance. Indeed, for the effective implementation of such a learning model, educators must be proficient not only in traditional teaching methods but also in modern technological tools. Therefore, studying this aspect, as well as developing programs for training and upgrading the qualifications of teaching staff in the context of blended learning, is a priority for the contemporary education system. Keywords: blended learning, blended learning models, foreign experience, education.
Human orientation of philosophical knowledge in the system of scientific views of the leaders of the Ostroh cultural and educational center (late 16th – early 17th centuries)

The article traces the development of philosophical and theological knowledge in the Ostroh cultural and educational center in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Philosophical and theological knowledge was formed within the framework of Renaissance and Reformation ideas, which were dominant in the educational and cultural space of Ukraine in the specified period and, in turn, had an impact on the formation of conceptual worldview orientations at that time and later on. The main attention is paid to the philosophical and theological teachings developed by representatives of the Reformation movement: Vasyl Surazkyi, Gerasym Smotrytskyi, Kliryk Ostrozkyi, etc. In their works, the mentioned figures focused their attention on the issues of essence and role of philosophical knowledge in the education system of that time, developed human-oriented worldview questions along the lines of a Human being–God–the Universe as a response to the difficult socio-historical conditions of ethnic Ukrainian lands being part of foreign states and submission to foreign ideologies. In the spirit of ancient Rus traditions, Ostroh reformers considered philosophy to be wisdom, the task of which was to decipher and interpret the content of the Bible, the instructions of patristic literature and its adepts in order to uphold and protect the truths expressed in the Orthodox creed. It is concluded that, despite the fact that the line represented by the Reformation wing of Ostroh cultural and educational center is characterized from the point of view of historical retrospect as traditionalist and conservative, the complex of ideas and conceptual principles regarding a human being, his/her place in life, and worldview landmarks orientations constitute an important page in the history of this educational institution in particular and Ukrainian education and culture in general. Keywords: Ostroh cultural and educational center, reformation ideas, philosophical and theological education, human being, world, national identity.
Systemic professional thinking of the future teacher: pedagogical conditions for the development of critical thinking experience

The article discusses pedagogical context as a determinant of the internal processes of critical thinking and a set of organized circumstances, sufficient conditions of the educational environment that guide its development as systematic, logical, creative and ethical. 1. Priority of individuality. It is viewed as actualization of the student’s intellectual potential by means and techniques that develop the practice of critical thinking, while taking into account the fact that: intellectual potential is not subject to alignment «to the average»; formed cognitive schemes can prevent new ones; development is limited by the lack of practical experience. 2. Creativity as a permanent characteristic of the process. This is the students’ awareness of critical thinking as creative, aimed at developing a new state of the system, the search for effective mechanisms, functions, elements, reconstructions. It includes the separation of the process of generating ideas from their discussion and critical analysis; the use of associative, metaphorical teaching methods. 3. The formation of non-linear, strategic thinking leads to the avalanche-like development of the full potential of thinking, to the formation of a holistic vision of a scheme, model, procedure. It includes tasks of the following types: cross-cutting throughout the course with gradual complications (problematic, logical ascending, concentric ones); systematic and logical (a purpose-oriented, functional, motivational fixation); a series of tasks. 4. The environment of «good questions» provides the formation of the experience of problem thinking, the thinking of a tactician. These are the skills of asking questions that lead to the production of ideas, vision of problems, or new things in the typical; formulating focused questions and understanding the asked ones, which help to determine a new direction of the analysis. 5. The learning environment for the development of metacognitive skills that is a project, procedural, corrective and result reflection, implemented as a systematic procedure that ensures self-direction, self-correction and self-motivation of cognitive actions. Keywords: systemic professional thinking, critical thinking, nonlinear thinking, critical thinking of the future teacher.
Specifics of the Trade Activity of the Music Publishing Shops in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries: Personalities, Price Lists and Catalogs (From the Collections of the Russian State Library and Private Collections)

In the history of the music publishing business of Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries there are many interesting, yet insufficiently explored areas that have become traditional for Russian culture over time. Among these, one may cite the trade in musical instruments, which was an indispensable attribute of successful and various enterprises on the scale of their activities. The commercial status of this phenomenon was reflected in the price lists and catalogues of large and small publishing companies, which demonstrated a serious volume of presented products and advertising materials. First of all, famous brands — grand pianos “K. M. Schroeder”, “R. Ratke”, “F. Mulbach” in St. Petersburg, the Diederichs brothers, the court factories “Ya. Becker”, “E. Caps” in Dresden and “Schiedmeyer Sons” in Stuttgart, “R. Weisbrod” in Eisenberg, “K. Bechstein” in Berlin, “Y. Blutner” in Leipzig, “K. Renisch” in Leipzig, etc., as well as automatic pianos, harmoniums, physharmonicas and other rarities. At the head of these processes always stood the personality of the leader, energetic, extraordinary and creative. One of them is F. I. Detlaf, who has established himself as a talented publisher, manufacturer and composer. The totality of all these achievements determined another research facet — insignia, state awards that adorned the catalogs of music publishers: “For diligence”, “For diligence and Art from the Ministry of Finance”, etc.
Maximal extractable value (mev) in blockchain networks and its impact on blockchain ecosystem

The advent of smart contract technology in blockchain networks has ushered in a new era of possibilities for implementing complex decentralized finance protocols. Over time, these protocols have gained significant traction, reaching a Total Value Locked (TVL) of over 150 billion US dollars. While blockchain networks offer inherent benefits such as immutability, transparency, decentralization, and security, they still grapple with a critical challenge – the inability to ensure a predictable order of transactions within produced blocks. This limitation has given rise to the Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) phenomenon. MEV represents the maximum potential benefit that certain network participants, primarily miners and validators, can extract by wielding their exclusive capability to influence transaction order. In this work, we embark on an exhaustive exploration of the MEV phenomenon and delve deep into its impact on the broader blockchain ecosystem. We shed light on the pressing issue of transaction ordering in blockchain networks and provide an in-depth survey of the vast body of scholarly publications focused on MEV extraction. This comprehensive review allowed us to conduct a retrospective analysis of the MEV phenomenon, categorize its most common manifestations, and uncover current development trends. Intriguingly, during this analysis, parallels were drawn with similar manipulations witnessed in the realm of high-frequency algorithmic trading within traditional financial markets. A vital conclusion that emerged from our study pertains to possible strategies for addressing the MEV problem within decentralized finance protocols. We systematically outline the current research directions concerning MEV, explore the methodologies and tools employed in these studies, and present concrete examples of MEV extraction within the Ethereum network, accompanied by quantitative estimations. In summary, the MEV phenomenon has cast an overwhelming negative impact on blockchain networks and decentralized finance. Our analysis of existing publications within a specific subcategory reveals the current absence of an effective solution to the MEV extraction problem. This underscores the importance of further research aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of MEV on blockchain networks and decentralized finance protocols.
ON DEVELOPMENT OF TASKS FOR CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS OF GENERAL SCHOOLS

Ensuring the quality of school education depends on the professional quality of teachers. Therefore, the level of their professional activity should be regularly assessed. In the organization of attestation of schools of teachers in Kyrgyzstan, an important place is occupied by the development and application of test tasks. Testing is the main form of assessing the knowledge and skills of teachers on the main issues of professional activity. The article outlined the issues of creating test tasks for the certification of school teachers. The essence of the pedagogical test, the main stages in the development of tasks of various forms are characterized. The example showed the features of situational tasks, tasks with the choice of several correct answers, tasks for establishing correspondence. Keywords: school education, teachers, professional quality, pedagogical test, forms of test tasks.
ESSENCE AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF A FUTURE TEACHER

Today a direction has developed in pedagogical science, the object of which is the issues of a favorable psychological climate, a conflict-free educational space, a friendly environment, and harmonious professional development. In this article, new approaches to the organization of professional and personal training of future teachers are comprehended: competence-based, focused on the formation of competencies; systemic, involving the formation of professional ethics, culture in the system of all components of the pedagogical process; culturological, aimed at the formation of the professional ethics of the teacher through different types of cultures; activity, associated with the active purposeful interaction of the teacher with the subjects of the pedagogical process; personality-oriented, contributing to the self-realization of the individual, the development of his unique individuality. Keywords: favorable climate, educational space, friendly environment, development, future teacher, methodological approach, professional ethics, personality traits, formation, competencies.
Security and Privacy in Multi-Cloud Environments

In the modern-day panorama of computing, the adoption of multi-cloud environments has emerge as increasingly more commonplace, providing businesses stronger flexibility, scalability, and resource optimization. However, this proliferation introduces complex demanding situations related to safety and privateness. This research makes a speciality of examining the intricacies of protection and privacy concerns within multi-cloud setups, mainly addressing demanding situations and featuring solutions inside the geographical regions of facts encryption, identification control, and compliance. A important mission in multi-cloud environments is the implementation of powerful statistics encryption strategies throughout numerous systems. Protecting data confidentiality and integrity as it traverses distinctive cloud offerings is of paramount importance. This have a look at seriously evaluates present encryption methodologies, assesses their suitability in multi-cloud scenarios, and indicates progressive tactics to reinforce records safety. Identity control emerges as another important factor of the multi-cloud safety paradigm. The secure orchestration of user identities throughout disparate cloud services needs cautious exam. This studies explores the complexities surrounding identification federation, authentication mechanisms, and get entry to controls inside multi-cloud environments. By figuring out vulnerabilities and proposing strong identity management solutions, the study contributes to the improvement of secure multi-cloud infrastructures. Additionally, making sure compliance with regulatory frameworks and industry standards poses a powerful venture in multi-cloud protection. The examine scrutinizes the complex panorama of compliance necessities, encompassing diverse geographical and enterprise-specific policies. By analyzing the gaps and intricacies in present compliance frameworks, the research proposes a comprehensive method to make sure adherence to guidelines whilst operating in a multi-cloud environment. In conclusion, this studies addresses the challenges and solutions inherent in ensuring strong protection and privacy measures within multi-cloud environments. By specializing in facts encryption, identity management, and compliance, the observe provides valuable insights for companies navigating the complex terrain of multi-cloud computing.
Enhancing Geographical Data Visualization through Python: A Comprehensive Study

Geographical records visualization plays a pivotal position in comprehending spatial information, aiding decision-making tactics, and fostering powerful communique in numerous fields. This studies affords a comprehensive examine on improving geographical statistics visualization via the utilization of Python programming language. As the demand for insightful and interactive visualizations continues to grow, Python has emerged as a effective device with a plethora of libraries and frameworks devoted to spatial facts representation. The literature review delves into the present landscape of geographical data visualization, outlining traditional techniques, modern-day equipment, and the expanding function of Python on this area. The study provides an in-intensity exploration of prominent Python libraries, consisting of GeoPandas, Matplotlib, Plotly, and Folium, highlighting their features, strengths, and weaknesses. Through a sequence of compelling case studies, the studies illustrates the actual-international impact of Python-based totally geographical visualizations throughout diverse applications consisting of urban making plans, Environmental studies, and epidemiology. The technique section details the step-by way of-step system of making powerful visualizations, encompassing information preprocessing, exploration, and the choice of suitable Python gear. Challenges inherent in geographical statistics visualization are diagnosed, and the research proposes practical solutions and first-rate practices inside the Python surroundings. Looking in the direction of the future, the look at explores rising tendencies in geographical data visualization and anticipates advancements in Python tools for managing spatial records. The research concludes by means of summarizing key findings, emphasizing the pivotal position of Python in advancing geographical records visualization, and suggesting avenues for destiny research to address evolving demanding situations and opportunities on this dynamic area. This comprehensive examine contributes precious insights for researchers, practitioners, and choice-makers seeking to leverage Python for better geographical statistics visualization.