Вироблення державної політики відкритої науки в країнах Прибалтики (приклад Латвії та Литви).

Problem setting. One of the modern common directions for the development of the European Research Area is the introduction of a new approach to scientific research. The basis of this approach is the paradigm "Open innovation, Open science, Open to the world". The full implementation of this paradigm within the European Research Area is possible only if the implementation of open science policy at the level of individual countries is ensured.In view of the fact that Article 375 (2) of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union for the involvement of Ukraine to the European Research Area, it is possible to state that the research of existing practices of the establishment and implementation of public policy of open science, in particular in the post-Soviet countries, which have had membership in the European Union, it is an urgent challenge today.Recent research and publications analysis. Ukrainian and foreign scientists like Corrall S., Pinfield S., Vicente-Saez R., Martinez-Fuentes C., McKiernan E., Bourne Ph., Kuchma I., Schmidt B., Brui O., Karpenko O., Nazarovets S. et al. have done some scientific research on open science. Also background information on open access development as part of open science in various countries, including Latvia and Lithuania, has been published by UNESCO.However, despite active scientific explorations, no universal approach has been found to establish public policy in open science.The paper objective. Consideration of examples of the establishment and implementation of public policy of open science in the post-Soviet countries that are members of the European Union and European Research Area, with the possibility of further use of such examples in the formation of public policy of open science in Ukraine.The paper main body. The article describes the process of the establishment and implementation of the new modern public science policy in post-soviet countries. The examples of Latvia and Lithuania demonstate the application of the open science paradigm at the state level. The legislative prerequisites for the establishment and implementation of the public open science policy in Latvia and Lithuania are considered. The role of individual higher education institutions in the implementation of the principles of openness in carrying out research activities is noted. The link between the existing open science normative documents in Latvia and Lithuania with the existing imperative and advisory documents of the European Union is demonstrated. The role of e-infrastructures, in particular repositories of scientific data and academic texts, in the implementation of open science policy at the state and institutional levels is shown.Conclusions of the research. The legal prerequisites for public policy in open science in Latvia and Lithuania were laid down in 2005 and 2009, respectively, by the adoption of relevant laws. The main area of open science that is developing in these countries is open access to scientific publications and research data.Despite the fact that the formation of the principles of public policy of open science in Latvia and Lithuania is centralized with the definition of responsible state bodies (for example, in Lithuania, this area of public policy is guarded by the Research Council), its actual implementation takes place in higher education institutions, which, taking into account existing practices, regulations at national and European Union level, independently set the rules and conditions for dealing with scientific publications and research data.This approach justifies itself only partially. On the one hand, it gives scientific institutions some autonomy to pursue an open science policy and allows it to be applied on its own merits, but for the most part, openness as such is advisory rather than compulsory, which obviously affects the activity of actual admission scientists to its application. In addition, a full-fledged mechanism for stimulating (in particular, financial) scholars to openness is being developed, which is also being signaled.Prospects for further exploration include the need to study the processes of formation and implementation of public policy of open science in other countries of the post-Soviet space in order to analyze the features of local approaches.