Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Machine learning for spelling acquisition - How accurate is the prediction of specific spelling errors in German primary school students?

Background: In Germany, 30 % of students demonstrate insufficient spelling skills at the end of primary school – partly owing to the challenge for teachers to manage a variety of student learning needs. Digital tools using machine learning (ML) have already proven to be useful in enabling teachers to individualise students’ learning. However, there are still no suitable approaches for demographics not yet proficient in spelling. Objectives: With an aim to adapt ML for students of all proficiencies, we investigate how accurately spelling errors can be predicted across different literacy skill levels, which specific errors are predicted best (and worst), and the content-related reasons for these errors.Methods: We developed a web application for spelling that was used by N = 685 first and second graders in Bavaria, Germany. With the 18,133 different misspellings made, we trained six ML models and compared their performances.Results and conclusions: Comparing all ML models employed in this work, the random forest performed best on average as a predictor of spelling errors. Errors at the syllable and morpheme level were predicted best, and errors at the basic phoneme-grapheme level were predicted slightly less accurately. Confusions often concerned cases that are considered linguistically ambiguous or occurred in complex error entanglements.Implications: The results show that ML can be a useful tool to investigate specific spelling deficiencies in demographics not yet proficiently literate. ML could assist in individualising spelling acquisition, such as by automatically providing students individualised feedback or by providing teachers with diagnostic information about their students’ learning progress.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTHENTIC MATERIAL IN READING ABILITY AT THE SECOND GRADE

The objectives of this research are (1) to find out which aspect of reading is mostly improved after being taught using authentic material and (2) to see what problem that are faced by students in the implementation of teaching reading using authentic material. This research was conducted at SMKN 1 Metro. The subject of this research was the students of class XI AP2 of SMKN 1 Metro consisting of 25 students. This research was quantitative and qualitative research which used one group pre test post test design. The result of the research showed that reference were the reading aspect that mostly improved and the problems the students faced difficult to understand the meaning of the words and some of students have problem in pronunciation. It could be seen from the result of mean score from the pre test to post test which was 20.4 in the pre test and increased to 24.24 in the post test.
Gamification of Heritage through Augmented Reality

This paper focuses on a game on architectural heritage, possibilities for using gamification for conveying information through the reanimation of an ancient city.It proposes an immersive AR game involving the portrayal of cultural heritage through mobile devices.The game includes an AR application for Android devices which enabled rendering of 3D content in combination with camera input.This application is an independent game, tracking targets through GPS on a larger scale and using object recognition on a smaller scale.Our research aims to propose implementing game mechanics on an AR system at an archaeological site in order to increase visitors' interest, and promote the dissemination of cultural heritage.
Results and Discussions

This chapter describes the proof-of-concept of the proposed protocol architecture. The eXtensible modular hypervisor framework has been utilized to build the TrustVisor hypervisor along with the core modules: cryptography operations, TEE, and TPM emulator, which contains TPM library function to make a secure communication with TPM hardware. The constructed hypervisor has been placed in the cloud server grub entry to make a choice of hypervisor. To ensure the trust worthiness of cloud platform, a remote attestation concept is used along with the most popular and widely used method called integrity measurement architecture (IMA). Remote attestation uses IMA. It works based on binary attestation concept. After configuring IMA, it calculates and extends the hashes of all components while boot process into their respective PCRs. To ensure the remote attestation with privacy preserving of NC, the authors used attestation identity key (AIK) for signing hashes of PCRs while performing quote operation. They used TPM emulator for communication with TPM device using TPM driver.
Research on New Thinking of Culture-Oriented English Teaching

In studying on the current college English teaching in China, it is found that the teaching practice of cultural status is limited, seriously restricting the cultivation of students' English cultural thinking and the strengthening of the intercultural communication ability. Therefore, it is important to start from the cultural orientation mode, form a new thinking of culture-oriented English teaching, promote the improvement of English teaching quality, and ensure the practical effect of students' English cultural literacy.
A Study on the Syllabus Design Based on the Elementary English Project Using Picture Books

Many studies on the educational value and effect of children's literature in elementary English education have been raised and teachers are aware of it, but it is a well-known fact that research on teaching methods and guidance plans for practical application in English classes has many limitations.In particular, in terms of data development, practical problems such as time constraints have not been solved, and it is also true that elementary English education is difficult to deal with children's literature due to limited English skills and wide-ranging levels.Therefore, this study proposes a picture book that can be appropriately linked to the subject after examining textbooks and guidance based on the 2015 revised curriculum, presents a teaching plan as a project based teaching and learning method for elementary English learners, and designs the next teaching and learning guidance.First, how can we link the subject and picture book presented in the 3rd to 6th grade curriculum and guide them?Second, what activities can be done to improve reading and writing skills through project classes using English picture books?In order to find out the effects of the above research problems, this study intend to establish a project-oriented specific class model using picture books and apply the class process to the draft.
Simulation of Multimedia Visual Image Motion Track Marking Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

With the rapid development of electronic technology, network technology, and multimedia processing technology, people pay more and more attention to the surrounding environment. Paying attention to and handling emergencies have also become one of the main points of attention. Through the combination of multimedia and monitoring system, the collected image data are processed and integratedly controlled by the computer platform, and an intelligent monitoring system for traffic road safety can be obtained. Due to the advantages of multimedia visual image motion trajectory identification technology in road traffic safety, it can effectively prevent the chaos and influence caused by humans in chaotic situations, making it widely used. By identifying the motion trajectories of different objects, road emergencies can be effectively prevented and countermeasures can be established. Based on this, this study proposes the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to identify the motion trajectory in the visual image, but the standard ABC algorithm is too slow to converge in the later stage of trajectory recognition. Therefore, this study is based on the standard ABC algorithm. The trajectory recognition simulation shows that the optimized algorithm accelerates the convergence speed and the ability of the global optimal solution in the trajectory recognition process. Then, the optimized ABC algorithm is used to identify the multimedia visual image trajectory. The experiment shows that the average correct rate of feature extraction is also about 98%. The data identification results also show that the optimized ABC algorithm fits the real trajectory better in the trajectory identification. The running time of the algorithm is shorter than the running time of other comparison algorithms, which fully shows the accuracy and superiority of the algorithm in this study.
An Analysis of the Interaction between Ancient Literature Informatization Project and Classical Literature Research Based on Intelligent Computing

Objective. This research preliminarily establishes a public information platform in the field of ancient literature informatization engineering aiming to provide an effective platform and foundation for the analysis of the interaction between ancient literature informatization engineering and classical literature research. Methods. This research collects ancient documents and establishes an ancient document information engineering retrieval system based on intelligent computer. Through the computer, various data and keywords can be extracted and preprocessed, and the required word frequency can be obtained through the sorting index. Check and use coordinates to label node locations, which can automatically generate data tables and files arranged by year. The method based on intelligent computing is used to analyze the development context of ancient Chinese literature, literary thoughts of different schools, and the quantity of classical literary works of different ages. Results. The ancient literature informatization project occupies an important position in the complex ancient literature, and the application frequency is high, which promotes the development and progress of classical literature. Applying the method based on intelligent computing for ancient literature retrieval, the retrieval speed is significantly improved, and basic and comprehensive retrieval can be realized. Conclusion. The ancient literature informatization project based on intelligent computing and classical literature research can build a good relationship through interaction, and the work in this area has achieved the initial results. In the process of applying the ancient literature information engineering retrieval system, there will still be a problem that the management level of a large number of ancient literature is not high. However, it is necessary to continue to explore in more unknown areas and expand the application scope of intelligent computers.
Model Development of School Database Management Information System

The study aimed at analyzing the school management information system database.It used system development life cycle with spiral model approach.The Boehm spiral model was classified into four: concept, system and model developments, as well as system reparation cycles.Each cycle included needs analysis, planning, risk assessment, development, try-out and evaluation.The model development of school database management information system satisfied users.It was proved by the completeness of the system (logging, home, structure, completeness menu and submenu, graphic design and logout) with the average 95 % satisfying users' needs.The school database included home profile, students, instructors and education, finance, facilities and infrastructure, reports, and logging with the average of 97 % meeting users' needs.
Conclusions

Exploratory methods are a bridge between the vagueness of the user need and the complexity of the data. On the road toward usability, such methods provide a fresh perspective, in which the user is the first-class citizen in the discovery of new information. A more democratic process to data understanding and use include non-expert users, which cannot formulate complex search queries to find the required information.
Deve haver Limites para a Liberdade de Expressão?

Can the freedom of expression be rightfully restricted? If so, how should one distinguish between what may and may not be expressed to others? To answer these questions, I focus on the liberal approach to free speech, introduced by Kant and Stuart Mill, and discuss its main limitations. Based on this analysis, I propose a new normative framework grounded in a critical reassessment of the concept of harm. I argue that this concept must be clarified and expanded so as to cover a wider range of conflicts and that its application must take into account the diversity and the inequality that characterize the public sphere. These conclusions then lead to the identification of the forms of expression that may be legitimately curbed, along with their scope and context. The proposed solution countenances the restriction of expressive acts that contravene the right to one’s privacy, good name and physical or psychological welfare, but rejects the arbitrariness associated with the notions of offence, insult and obscenity. To be legitimate, restrictions must be directed primarily at the discourses or attitudes that might compromise the participation of their targets in the public sphere, and hence the very exercise of their freedom of expression.
Waypoint-Based Path Tracking Approach For Self-Organized Swarm Robots

In this paper, a waypoint-based path tracking approach is suggested for the swarm robots to follow the desired path in an organized way. In the study, the applicability of the waypoint-based path tracking on the swarm robots that show flexible and scalable behavior has been demonstrated. To evaluate the proposed path planing approach with regard to scalability and flexibility, simulations have been applied in with/without obstacle arenas with different numbers of robots and according to different lookahead distances. With the proposed approach, each swarm robots exhibit swarm behavior in an organized manner depending on the distance of the lookahead to the path to track in the with / without obstacle arenas.
cognitive structure of graduate students

The current research aims to identify the cognitive structures of graduate students in the universities of the Middle Euphrates as well as the statistically significant differences in the cognitive structures of graduate students according to gender (male-female), specialisation (scientific-human), and study (Master-PhD), and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers built a research tool: the cognitive structure scale, so the tool was applied to the basic research sample (643) of male and female graduate students in the universities of the Middle Euphrates (Karbala, Babylon, Kufa, Al-Muthanna, Al-Qadisiyah) and to the scientific and humanitarian specialists. After stratifying the original population by 10% using the stratified random method, and after collecting and analysing data statistically using the SPSS statistical package for social sciences, the researchers reached the following results: The postgraduate students in the universities of the Middle Euphrates are characterised by cognitive structures. They know that the knowledge structures in their educational world, knowledge structures in their information world, and knowledge structures in their social world did not show any clear structures in their economic world, that PhD students are more than master’s students in cognitive structures.
Advanced Artificial Intelligence Model for Financial Accounting Transformation Based on Machine Learning and Enterprise Unstructured Text Data

Machine learning belongs to the science of artificial intelligence, so its main exploration goal is artificial intelligence, mainly to accumulate experience and improve the relevant performance of the algorithm. ML is a complex discipline that learns and improves skills primarily through imitation. Unstructured text data refer to unstructured data in the form of text. Financial accounting is a basic work of an enterprise, mainly to provide decision-making reference information for enterprise managers to ensure the normal operation of the enterprise. Financial accounting is a management activity that monitors the business and provides relevant information to the relevant authorities. This paper aims to study the advanced artificial intelligence model of financial accounting transformation based on machine learning and enterprise unstructured text data, expecting to use machine learning and unstructured text technology to upgrade the management of financial accounting and improve its analysis level. In this paper, an improved KMP algorithm is proposed for the keyword matching problem of unstructured data. Then, the data crawling technology of unstructured text is studied. It mainly uses the crawler technology based on the Python language and obtains a large amount of information on the Internet by formulating appropriate regular expressions. The algorithm is used to mine the data set and generate frequent itemsets. The association rules mining algorithm is proposed and implemented, and the association rules with practical reference value are obtained. The test leads in this document indicate that the return on assets of the enterprise is −11.2%, the net interest rate on equity is −44.5%, and the business profit rate is −12.1%. This shows that the profitability of the company has been declining in recent years, and there is even the risk of bankruptcy.
Improving the Third-Year Students’ Reading Comprehension Of English Texts By Using A Speed Reading Technique At Mts Negeri 1 Mojokerto

The research was planned to improve the third-year students’ reading comprehension of English texts by using a speed reading technique at MTs Negeri 1 Mojokerto. The objectives of the study are to find out how: (1) Speed reading techniques can improve the students’ literal comprehension, and how (2) Speed reading techniques can improve the students’ inferential comprehension. The study was a Classroom Action Research. The procedure of the research consisted of four major steps namely: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. This study consists of two cycles. Each of them consists of three meetings for the teaching and learning process and one meeting for posttest. The results of the research showed that speed-reading technique was effective in increasing the students’ reading speed and their reading comprehension achievements. The fact that the average students’ reading speed increased by implementing speed-reading technique. Practically, the result of this study can be used as a model to improve the students’ speed-reading for the sake of improving their reading comprehension skill and their motivation to read as well
Teaching Procedures in Speaking for Social Intercultural Communication during Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract - This research article discussed the procedures of teaching speaking class during pandemic. In this case, the speaking class was purposed for social intercultural communication or lately called speaking 3. It was designed for 3rd semester students in English Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education in Mayjen Sungkono University of Mojokerto. This article was aimed to explain descriptively the steps for various topics in speaking class, especially in speaking for social intercultural communication course. &#x0D;
Predicate and relation liftings for coalgebras with side effects: an application in coalgebraic modal logic

We study coalgebraic modal logic to characterise behavioural equivalence in the presence of side effects, i.e., when coalgebras live in a (co)Kleisli or an Eilenberg-Moore category. Our aim is to develop a general framework based on indexed categories/fibrations that is common to the aforementioned categories. In particular, we show how the coalgebraic notion of behavioural equivalence arises from a relation lifting (a special kind of indexed morphism) and we give a general recipe to construct such liftings in the above three cases. Lastly, we apply this framework to derive logical characterisations for (weighted) language equivalence and conditional bisimilarity.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL QUALIFICATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA: LEGAL PERSPECTIVES

Today, the main event in the social and labour sphere of Russia is, of course, the introduction of the National Qualifications System (abbreviated NSC), which comes to replace the old system of qualification characteristics. In general, the NSC in Russia is represented by four interrelated elements: professional standards, independent assessment of qualifications, professional and public accreditation of educational programs and a directory of the most popular professions. The professional standard at the legislative level states the requirements for the type of activity. Independent assessment of qualifications is a mechanism for personnel certification for compliance with professional standards, and professional public accreditation of educational programs is their assessment for compliance with the requirements of professional standards. In European countries, such systems have existed for a long time and accumulated some experience in this field. The purpose of this article is to consider the common and distinctive features of the European and Russian systems of national qualifications, as well as the experience of building such a system in Russia. In addition, the work will present the differences between the previously existing system of qualifications in Russia and the modern one. The article will show the difficulties of embedding the new system in Russian labour legislation. In addition, problems in the activities of society that were caused by the new system will be considered, its advantages and disadvantages will be considered. Particular attention will be paid to the analysis of the new qualification assessment system and its comparison with similar ones abroad. Today, Russia is trying, using the experience of European countries, to introduce a system of awarding qualifications outside educational institutions in special centers for the assessment of qualifications. The difference between the Russian model and the existing analogues abroad is that these centers are represented by commercial organizations, while education is carried out by state educational institutions. Such a docking of the state system of education and business has given rise to a number of problems, which will be discussed in the article. The main feature of the national qualifications system in Russia is a synthesis of the obligation (imperativeness) and the market fundamentals of the system itself.
Money Laundering Risk in Cryptocurrency Trading Activities: Sources, Evidence and Implications from the 5 Most Traded and Valued Cryptocurrencies

The main purpose of this study is to investigate risk and return, in 5 crypto currencies (BTC, ETH, BNB, XRP, DOGE) that have the highest transaction volume and market capitalization. Needless to say, there are now a large number of digital currencies on the market that some coins have a futuristic and practical whitepaper that shows they have the potential to grow day by day in the future, which has made them very significant elements for investment. An extensive empirical study was performed using ten consecutive years of crypto currency data by using the closing and return prices on a monthly basis between 2010 and 2020. Those were examined and tested using various such as single root test, co-integration test, and using regression analyses. Our findings cast doubt on explanations that the behavior of crypto currencies in the future of block chain technology is similar to stocks. At the same time, the returns of crypto currency can be predicted by two factors specific to its marketsmomentum and investors' attention.