Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Impact of Monetary Policy and its Transmission Mechanism in Sudan

The current paper investigates the impact of monetary policy and its transmission mechanism in Sudan, using the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model utilizing monthly data from Jan 2000 to the end of 2021. The findings show that Sudan's monetary transmission mechanism for credit and exchange rate channels performs poorly due to the salient features of the Sudanese economy and the financial and banking sector. The policy implication arising from this finding is; the role of the conduct approach for monetary policy should be clearly defined. Moreover, it is necessary to restore the credibility and reliability of the Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS) for conducting monetary policy. Sudan's monetary and credit policies must rely on indirect instruments, and the exchange rate should be determined by the market. The banking sector should be subjected to a program of reform and recapitalization. Other financial institutions, such as insurance companies and pension funds, must play a greater role in the economy.
Practical computational advantage from the quantum switch on a generalized family of promise problems

The quantum switch is a quantum computational primitive that provides computational advantage by applying operations in a superposition of orders. In particular, it can reduce the number of gate queries required for solving promise problems where the goal is to discriminate between a set of properties of a given set of unitary gates. In this work, we use Complex Hadamard matrices to introduce more general promise problems, which reduce to the known Fourier and Hadamard promise problems as limiting cases. Our generalization loosens the restrictions on the size of the matrices, number of gates and dimension of the quantum systems, providing more parameters to explore. In addition, it leads to the conclusion that a continuous variable system is necessary to implement the most general promise problem. In the finite dimensional case, the family of matrices is restricted to the so-called Butson-Hadamard type, and the complexity of the matrix enters as a constraint. We introduce the “query per gate&amp;apos;&amp;apos; parameter and use it to prove that the quantum switch provides computational advantage for both the continuous and discrete cases. Our results should inspire implementations of promise problems using the quantum switch where parameters and therefore experimental setups can be chosen much more freely.
Dynamic Trajectory Planning for UAV Cluster by Weighted Voronoi Diagram with Particle Swarm Optimization

Trajectory planning for UAV cluster is a highly challenging problem encountered in the feasibility of the path. A new approach is presented to obtain the optimal and feasible path. Firstly, the initial Voronoi diagram is generated based on the position of the threat points in the battlefield. The initial trajectory is planned based on the initial Voronoi diagram. Then, the initial trajectory is processed by the UAV cluster threats information and acquisition method. And the optimal and feasible path is found by particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on weighted Voronoi diagram. The threat and the distance are to be minimized to find the optimal path for the UAV. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
FORMING LEARNER’S AUTONOMY BY MEANS OF TEACHER’S ROLES DELEGATION

The article deals with the peculiarities of forming learner’s autonomy by means of teacher’s roles delegation to students. The communicative, reflective, activity-organizational cognitive-axiological structural elements of roles’ delegation are characterized by the authors of the article. The relevancy of application of teacher’s roles delegation to students is proved by the necessity of building skills of autonomous life-long foreign language education as a basic capacity of successful personal and professional development. The aim of the paper is to justify the expediency of teacher’s roles delegation to students in order to develop learner’s autonomy and the description of wide spectrum of roles and functions which may be delegated. Necessary preconditions for successful implementation of delegated powers have been identified. Considerable attention is paid to the description of a wide range of functions and tasks that can be delegated to students in various spheres of class life. The authors carefully describe the roles of class-manager, instruction content developer, time-manager and time-keeper, tool-manager, instruction-assistant, assessment-assistant. The range of the roles described can be prolonged by the functions of class press-secretary, class blogger, class designer, public opinion researcher etc. The process of teacher’s roles delegation to students not only engages them to active leaning but develops their organizational skills, skills of time-management, short-term and long-term planning, objectivity and assessment skills. In addition, the systematic and alternate performance of various class functions by students promotes the development of cooperative tolerance, team cohesion, empathy in the student body. The prospects for the study of this issue is in the development of methods for delegating the teacher’s roles within a single lesson, as well as studying the specifics of this phenomenon in accordance with the age characteristics of students.
Exploring Paraphrase Performances and Strategies of Graduate Student Writing

This study aims to investigate performances and strategies of EFL graduate students in terms of language proficiency, language background and type of writing task. The participants were 12 graduate students pursuing their doctoral studies in ELT at a Turkish university. A chosen text was used for data collection and the students’ paraphrased texts were analyzed employing Keck’s (2006) the taxonomy of paraphrase types and ‘a paraphrase found form’ developed by the researcher in terms of lexical and structural changes. The results of the study revealed that graduate students had challenges in appropriate implementation of paraphrasing in their task. While they generated frequently moderate level of paraphrases, the strategies they often used were synonym substitution as well as copying strings of words from source. Additionally, deviated meaning was designated as a new paraphrase type in the taxonomy of paraphrase. These findings suggest that students need an explicit paraphrasing instruction supported by good and bad paraphrase examples and more practice to learn how to paraphrase appropriately.
A hierarchical federated learning model with adaptive model parameter aggregation

With the proposed Federated Learning (FL) paradigm based on the idea of ?data available but invisible?, participating nodes which create or hold data can perform local model training in a distributed manner, then a global model can be trained only by continuously aggregating model parameters or intermediate results from different nodes, thereby achieving a balance between data privacy protection and data sharing. However, there are some challenges when deploying a FL model. First, there may be hierarchical associations between participating nodes, so that the datasets held by each node are no longer independent of each other. Secondly, due to the possible abnormal delay of data transmission, it can seriously influence the aggregation of model parameters. In response to the above challenges, this paper proposes a newly designed FL framework for the participating nodes with hierarchical associations. In this framework, we design an adaptive model parameter aggregation algorithm, which can dynamically decide the aggregation strategy according to the state of network connection between nodes in different layers. Additionally, we conduct a theoretical analysis of the convergence of the proposed FL framework based on a non-convex objective function. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed framework can be well applied to applications in different network connections, and can achieve faster model convergence efficiency while ensuring the accuracy of the model prediction.
Virtual Warehouses

A virtual warehouse in Snowflake is a cluster of compute resources that provides the memory, temporary storage, and CPU required to execute SQL statements and other DML operations such as loading data into tables. This chapter describes warehouse sizes, multi-cluster warehouses, warehouse scaling, commonly used commands to work with warehouses as well as monitoring warehouse loads and understanding how warehouse usage impacts account billing. You will also review resource monitors that monitor warehouse usage.
Ensemble of Local Texture Descriptor for Accurate Breast Cancer Detection from Histopathologic Images

Histopathological analysis is important for detection of the breast cancer (BC). Computer-aided diagnosis and detection systems are developed to assist the radiologist in the diagnosis process and to relieve the patient from unnecessary pain. In this study, a computer-aided diagnosis system for the early detection of benign and malignant breast cancer is proposed. The proposed system consists of feature extraction, feature ensemble, and classification stages. Various preprocessing steps such as grayscale conversion, noise filtering, and image resizing are employed on the input histopathological images. The local texture descriptors namely Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Frequency Decoded LBP (FDLBP), Binary Gabor Pattern (BGP), Local Phase Quantization (LPQ), Binarized Statistical Image Features (BSIF), CENsus TRansform hISTogram (CENTRIST), and Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradients (PHOG) are employed for feature extraction from the histopathologic images. The obtained features are then concatenated for the construction of the ensemble of the features. Three classifiers namely Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and Neural Networks (NN) are used in the detection of the BC and the classification accuracy score is used for performance evaluation. A dataset called BreaKHis is used in the studies. There are 9109 microscopic pictures in BreaKHis, with 2480 benign samples and 5429 malignant samples. During the collection of the data, 82 patients' breast tumor tissues were envisioned using various magnification factors such as 40X, 100X, 200X, and 400X. The accuracy score is used to assess the acquired findings. The results show that the proposed method has the potential to use accurate BC detection.
Latent Energy Based Model with Classifier Guidance

Energy-based generation models have attracted plenty of attention in last few years, but there is a lack of guidance on how to generate a condition-specific samples. In this work, we propose an energy based framework with an autoencoder and a standard discriminative classifier. Within this framework, we demonstrate that classifier can be reinterpreted as an EBM and we can accelerate sampling with fast MCMC in latent space of autoencoder. Both latent EBM and autoencoder can be learned jointly by maximum likelihood. Ultimately, our experimental results show that the trained model exhibits decent performance in both unconditional and conditional generation.
Regression Augmented Global Attention Network for Query-Focused Video Summarization

Video summarization compresses a long video into some keyframes or a short video, which enables users to quickly obtain important contents in the video and improves the user experience. However, generic video summarization generates a single summarization result for each video, ignoring the user subjectivity. Query-focused video summarization introduces the user subjectivity in the form of user query into the summary process, and takes into account the importance of the frames/shots selected in the summarization and their relevance to the query jointly, which solves the above problem well. For query-focused video summarization, we propose a Regression Augmented Global Attention Network (RAGAN), which is mainly composed of a global attention module and a query-aware regression module. The global attention module takes advantage of the key concept of multiple computational steps (which is termed as "hops") used in the memory network to continuously optimize the global attention information between hops. The query-aware regression module consists of a skip connection, a multi-modal feature fusion module and a two-layer fully connected network. The skip connection combines information from low and high layers. The multi-modal feature fusion module fuses visual features and textual features from three perspectives, i.e., the original information of each modality, the additive interaction between two modalities and the multiplicative interaction between two modalities. The two-layer fully connected network regresses the fused features to the importance scores to obtain the final video summarization result. Extensive experiments on the query-focused video summarization dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed RAGAN model.
Decentralized School Management in Government Schools in Nepal: Policy for Quality Improvement

This research article gives a holistic view of the status of school management committee in our country. Education is one of the basic needs of human beings which has brought changes all over the world. Today, we are around the formal schooling system for which school level is the first step. We are also in the hold of globalization of education and social structure for which we have to compete globally for employment. In such situation, the system and management of education should be of global standard. School management has been a kind of burning issue at the present situation in education system. The state has to follow the trends of decentralization of education. But in Nepal, there is fully centralized education system. Due to this reason, it is thought that the state is the only responsible body for overall education sector. The SMC members are not fully authentic bodies in Nepalese schools. They have no more interest about the problems related to school. They are mostly politically related and also there is absence of true guardianship of SMC members. Most of the SMC members' children do not study in public schools but they are selected with political sources. As a whole school management committee has not supported for the improvement of teaching learning activities. They have no any plan to raise funds and support the school. Most of the children in public schools are also from lower class people. The guardians also cannot support their children by providing necessary things. As a consequence, the SLC result of public schools is very poor except some rare cases. SMC members are not found capable of taking management responsibility of schools. The state also has not fixed any criteria to become SMC members. This research study has found clear obstacle in education system of the politicalized group in management sector. Political interference should not be given emphasis and priority in education sector. Moreover, politics in education sector should be strongly discouraged to make public sector responsible towards school management in public schools in Nepal. This research study tries to reply the research question “What type of management at schools should be developed to improve the quality of education?” The general objective of this study is to analyse the overall status of the school management committee (SMC) in public schools in Nepal.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF PHILOLOGY STUDENTS

The article discusses the lack of professional interest in intercultural interaction as one of the modern problems of teaching philology students. Attention is paid to the role of intercultural interaction in the professional activities of philologists, to the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of its formation in the course of professional training. In the study, the professional interest of philology students in intercultural interaction is interpreted as a cognitive and activity orientation of the individual to master knowledge, skills and abilities to establish mutual understanding, productive dialogue, interaction and cooperation with representatives of other cultures and languages, acting as a stimulator of personality activity during the period of professional training. The theoretical and practical significance of the work lies in the direction of its results to improve the process of professional and personal development of philology students, in the development of mechanisms to increase the efficiency of forming their professional interest in multicultural interaction. The author proposes a technology for the formation of professional interest in intercultural interaction, which is a set of interrelated methodological, organizational, methodological and diagnostic blocks that determine the selection, layout and procedure for using forms, methods and teaching aids to achieve the planned result in the course of professional training of philology students. In addition, a necessary factor in increasing the effectiveness of the formation of professional interest in intercultural interaction is the pedagogical monitoring of its formation at all stages of the professional training of future philologists.
Developing Reading Assessment Instrument Using Digital Technology for Students with Dyslexia

This research aims to develop a reading assessment instrument using digital technology for students with dyslexia. The development functions are to (1) develop a reading assessment instrument based on digital technology for students with dyslexia, (2) examine the appropriateness of reading assessment instrument using Articulate Storyline to screen students with dyslexia. The data was collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data was validated by the material expert, information technology expert, and language expert in elementary school. The responses were also collected from teachers and students in inclusive elementary school as the users. A validation test was performed to find out the appropriateness of the developed assessment instrument. During the validation test, the experts assessed three aspects (content, digital technology, and language) and the teachers and students also gave their responses as the users of the assessment instrument. The total score of the validation results in all categories was 778 with an average score of 155.6. The aspect of content scored 3.79, the aspect of technology scored 3.60, and the aspect of language scored 3.85, with an average score of 11.24. Thus, the validation results by experts were categorized as very good and the final product that has been developed can be used as reading assessment instrument to screen students with dyslexia.
Transformer for long-term effect estimation

Determining the long-term causal effects as well as making decisions in a timely fashion are the most challenging and significant tasks in A/B tests. The key challenge is that long-term and short-term effects may be different, especially in an online controlled experiment that a low-qualified ads strategy with high short-term revenue may hurt users' service experience in the future. We propose a 'Transformer for Long-Term Effect (TLTE)' method to encode the short-term latent features and predict the outcome of the long-term to estimate the long-term effects. TLTE utilises the transformer structure to capture the reasoning feature, considering the global information by the self-attention mechanism. Extensive experiments are conducted on public day-level data sets and our collected large-scale hourly data set, providing the flexible and sensitive analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate that our model has the ability to meet requirements of real-world scenarios and improves accuracy of long-term effect estimation.
PERSEPSI ORANG TUA TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN (PENELITIAN SURVEI DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK (TK) WILAYAH GUGUS III KECAMATAN CIBINONG, KABUPATEN BOGOR)

AbstrackThis experiment was intended to describeparents perception about early reading development of children 5-6 years old. The sample of this experiment was 100parents at Kindergarten in Gugus III area In The District of Cibinong, Bogor. The technique of getting sample was quota sampling. Data were collected throught questionnaire. The results of the study of parents' perceptions of the development of early reading of children aged 5-6 years by 76% are in the category of "good" and as much as 24% in the category of "enough". In a more specific description, the perception of parents has several sub-aspects. In the sub-aspect of the meaning of early reading development of children aged 5-6 years the results show that 77% of parents are in the "good" category, and 23% of parents are in the moderate category. In the sub-aspects of the characteristics of early reading development of children aged 5-6 years the results show that 46% of parents are in the "good" category, and 54% of parents are in the "sufficient" category. In the sub-aspects of the aspects of early reading development of children aged 5-6 years, the results showed that 62% of parents were in the "good" category, and 38% were in the "sufficient" category. In the sub-aspects of parental strategies in developing early reading development of children aged 5-6 years, the results show that 77% of parents are in the "good" category and 23% of parents are in the moderate category. Keywords: parent’s perception, early reading development, children 5-6 years old.
Web-Based Information System Of Drug Sales At Zamili Jaya Pharmacy

&#x0D; The development of information and communication technology has benefits and has a major impact on various aspects of human life. The development of this technology is not only in education, but also in sales, for example in the sale of medicines in pharmacies. Pharmacy is a business activity in the health sector that requires a data processing system to simplify and speed up operations. Zamili Jaya Pharmacy which is located at Jl. Veteran Psr 7 Helvetia is a pharmacy that still uses the manual method in its sales process. Manual sales process is believed to reduce salesperson service performance. Therefore, a web-based drug sales information system was launched that could support and facilitate drug sales. This study aims to find out or determine whether the sales information system implemented at Zamili Jaya Pharmacy is running well and supporting the sales process. The method used to analyze this data is observational. The structure of this system with programming languages ​​PHP, HTML, Bootstrap and MySQL database. The end result of the system built is the drug management information system for the Zamili Jaya Pharmacy.&#x0D;
STUDENT ABSENCE INFORMATION SYSTEM AT PANCUR IDO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL USING RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT METHOD

At Pancur Ido Elementary School, student attendance is written in the attendance book that has been provided by the school management. Student attendance will be filled in by the subject teacher who will then report once a month to the school principal. This system is of course very inefficient and ineffective in monitoring student attendance. Parents of students will also find it difficult to monitor their child's attendance. Based on the results of the analysis, design, and testing of student attendance information system applications as discussed in previous chapters, the authors can conclude: Student Absence Information System is an integrated system that is very important in processing, analyzing, and evaluating as well as supporting decision making to monitor student attendance due to absence data quickly, precisely and efficiently