Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The Token and Blockchain Economy: Risks, Opportunities, and Implication

On 1 January 2020, the first comprehensive blockchain act entered into force in Liechtenstein . Despite the rapid evolvement of this technology, most nations do not regulate it at all, which is why the subject remains a grey area. In order to protect the safety of market participants and blockchain users, adequate legislation is necessary. Although blockchain is often associated with cryptocurrencies, there are many more options for its commercial use. In the following, the function of blockchain technology will be explained and possible areas of application will be discussed. In addition, regulations in different jurisdictions will be illuminated. Thereafter, both the risks of and opportunities presented by blockchain technology and the token economy will be highlighted. In particular, the potential use of cryptocurrencies for terrorism financing, money laundering and corruption will be explained. Lastly, the implications of blockchain technology for corporations and international organisations will be demonstrated.
Comparative Analysis of Various Face Detection Methods

with wide variety of increase in image and video database, the demand raises for automatic examination of this database as it is cumbersome in manual understanding and examination. This paper provides brief insights into some of renowned and mostly accepted Techniques of face detection. Face detection technique can be simply defined as a technology used by computer system that detects one or several human faces resulting in digital image. Recognizing and tracking the face, estimating pose and expressions, analysis of face and detecting any other features of face are the steps included in face detection method. Nowadays, face detection techniques owes one of the most active research areas of computer vision. Considering the face as an object that grabs countless applications in image processing makes it challenging task in computer vision. This paper provides a survey of existing literature on human face detection system. Three commonly used methods have been considered for comparative analysis in this paper.
Comparison sensitivity of the differential item function (DIF) detection method

Abstract Differential Item Functioning (DIF) or often referred to as bias is a term that is not good, has a racial meaning, suppresses or is too fanatical about the object to be measured. Bias in a test is a test condition that is unfair, inconsistent, contaminated by factors outside the aspects to be tested and misuse of the test. The purpose of this study is to find out which method is the most sensitive in detecting the presence of DIF on items. The methodology used is to study literature from books, journals and study the results of research that has been done. There are many methods that can be used to detect DIF. These methods are the Mantel-Haenszel Method, the Chi-Squared Method of the Lord, the Probability Comparison Test Method, Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) and Extent Method According to Raju.
RePOR: Mimicking humans on refactoring tasks. Are we there yet?

Refactoring is a maintenance activity that aims to improve design quality while preserving the behavior of a system. Several (semi)automated approaches have been proposed to support developers in this maintenance activity, based on the correction of anti-patterns, which are “poor” solutions to recurring design problems. However, little quantitative evidence exists about the impact of automatically refactored code on program comprehension, and in which context automated refactoring can be as effective as manual refactoring. Leveraging RePOR, an automated refactoring approach based on partial order reduction techniques, we performed an empirical study to investigate whether automated refactoring code structure affects the understandability of systems during comprehension tasks. (1) We surveyed 80 developers, asking them to identify from a set of 20 refactoring changes if they were generated by developers or by a tool, and to rate the refactoring changes according to their design quality; (2) we asked 30 developers to complete code comprehension tasks on 10 systems that were refactored by either a freelancer or an automated refactoring tool. To make comparison fair, for a subset of refactoring actions that introduce new code entities, only synthetic identifiers were presented to practitioners. We measured developers’ performance using the NASA task load index for their effort, the time that they spent performing the tasks, and their percentages of correct answers. Our findings, despite current technology limitations, show that it is reasonable to expect a refactoring tools to match developer code. Indeed, results show that for 3 out of the 5 anti-pattern types studied, developers could not recognize the origin of the refactoring (i.e., whether it was performed by a human or an automatic tool). We also observed that developers do not prefer human refactorings over automated refactorings, except when refactoring Blob classes; and that there is no statistically significant difference between the impact on code understandability of human refactorings and automated refactorings. We conclude that automated refactorings can be as effective as manual refactorings. However, for complex anti-patterns types like the Blob, the perceived quality achieved by developers is slightly higher.
Lexicographic probabilities and robustness

We characterize lexicographic conditional probability systems (LCPSs). Our aim is to address an issue left open in an important contribution by Blume et al. (1991a). They provide a characterization of LCPSs, but one of their axioms quite explicitly imposes disjointness of the supports in an LCPS. The main new axiom is robustness, which is a weak continuity requirement on preferences. It requires preferences between acts x and y to be robust to (unchanged by) small perturbations in payoffs xω and yω for some state ω where x and y are different. LCPSs are characterized as the subclass of lexicographic probability systems satisfying robustness. As a corollary we provide an axiomatization of LCPSs in terms of standard properties satisfied by subjective expected utility preferences (as in Anscombe and Aumann (1963)) and robustness.
Visualising Time: A Compendium of Time Series Plots

Abstract Graphs are important for highlighting relationships within a data series or across several series. Modern computer software has provided flexibility in the construction of graphic displays that would have been impossible with the tools that were available to researchers only a few decades ago. This article illustrates a variety of different graphical presentations for time ordered or time series data that can now be constructed. These include time series plots, bar charts, range plots, radar charts, scatter plots, heat maps and seasonality plots. For each graph type presented, we discuss the best practice for their construction .
Shape Recognition and Center of Mass

How do peoples' educational backgrounds affect peoples' visual estimations of the physical stability and center of mass of objects?To address this, we tested peoples' aesthetic and stability evaluations of inclined triangular shapes among those with different educational backgrounds, specifically in engineering and art & design.The results showed that people prefer objects that appear stable; however, art & design students tend to emphasize the beauty of unstable objects.Additionally, participants linearly estimated objects' stability based on the visual information for its center of mass, with this being affected by one's educational background as well as any present geometric-optical illusions.Engineering students tended to more severely evaluate the instability of objects, while those with an art & design background demonstrated a more flexible mindset -they evaluated similar trends as the engineering participants for unstable stimuli, but, for apparently stable stimuli, they had similar evaluation trends to those of general students.
Design and Implementation of a Heterogeneous Relational Database Synchronization Mechanism Based on Tree Distribution Architecture

In allusion to the database server of tree distribution in the network environment, this paper proposes a heterogeneous database synchronization mechanism based on the shadow table method. In this paper, the application environment of the isolation netgap is described, and the overall architecture of the synchronization system is introduced, and the implementation of the module such as change data capture, incremental file generation, data synchronization operation and exception handling is proposed. Finally, the database synchronization mechanism is verified by the application of the data acquisition system of an organization.
TAG: Topological Attack Graph Analysis Tool

Attack graphs are a relatively new – at least, from the point of view of a practical usage – method for modeling multistage cyber-attacks. They allow to understand how seemingly unrelated vulnerabilities may be combined together by an attacker to form a chain of hostile actions that enable to compromise a key resource. An attack graph is also the starting point for providing recommendations for corrective actions that would fix or mask security problems and prevent the attacks. In the paper, we propose TAG, a topological attack graph analysis tool designed to support a user in a security evaluation and countermeasure selection. TAG employs an improved version of MulVAL inference engine, estimates a security level on the basis of attack graph and attack paths scoring, and recommends remedial actions that improve the security of the analyzed system.
Repeated-Root Constacyclic Codes Over the Chain Ring F<sub>p<sup>m</sup></sub>[u]/⟨u<sup>3</sup>⟩

Let Z = F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> [u]/(u <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) be the finite commutative chain ring, where p is a prime, m is a positive integer and Fpm is the finite field with pm elements. In this paper, we determine all repeated-root constacyclic codes of arbitrary lengths over Z and their dual codes. We also determine the number of codewords in each repeated-root constacyclic code over Z. We also obtain Hamming distances, RT distances, RT weight distributions and ranks (i.e., cardinalities of minimal generating sets) of some repeated-root constacyclic codes over Z. Using these results, we also identify some isodual and maximum distance separable (MDS) constacyclic codes over Z with respect to the Hamming and RT metrics.
Multiple Waypoint Mobile Robot Path Planning Using Neighborhood Search Genetic Algorithms

In this paper, we present a Neighborhood Search Genetic Algorithms (NSGAs) for mobile robot path planning. GAs have been used successfully in a variety of path planning problem because they can search the space of all possible paths and provide the optimal one. The convergence process of GAs might be lengthy compared to traditional search techniques that depend on local search methods. We propose a hybrid approach that allows GAs to combine both the advantages of GAs and local search algorithms. GAs will create a multiple waypoint path allowing a mobile robot to navigate through static obstacles and finding the optimal path in order to approach the target location without collision. The proposed NSGAs has been examined over four different path planning case studies with varying complexity. The performance of the enhanced GA has been compared with A-star algorithm (A*) standard GA, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The obtained results show that the proposed approach is able to get good results compared to other algorithms.
Classification of Human Emotion Using EP

Eye-gaze tracking, video conferencing, face detection, iris detection, auto-stereoscopic and face recognition are different sorts of application that require face emotion. Eye detection plays an important role in the process of a face detection. This article provides a technique for eye detection which can be done by color and morphological image processing. Eye detection is very much important in any of the identification procedures. This can be done by iris matching. Human eye has a low illumination, high contrast and density edges when compared to other parts of human body in image processing. Color based training algorithm is used initially followed by six sigma technique which operates on RGB, HSV and NTSC scales. The mentioned morphological process is analyzed by detecting the reflection of light. This provides high efficiency and accuracy for the eye detection. The main argument is about face detection, recognition and identification when face oriented applications are considered.
Cost Analysis of Blockchains-based Peer to Peer Energy Trade

Blockchain is a promising platform for peer to peer energy trade as it lowers the cost of trade by eliminating 3rd parties to mediate among the prosumers. However, blockchain brings the cost in terms of computational resources used in mining blockchain transactions. The objective of this paper is to develop a method of a cost analysis of blockchain-based peer to peer energy trade systems as we analyze the tradeoff among the cost of the blockchain network, the appropriate throughput of the blockchain, and profit from the cheap energy price provided by a prosumer to another prosumer. We identify the factors which will lead to profitable blockchain-based peer to peer energy trade markets.
FAIRsharing: Data and Metadata Standards and Data Policies for Biomedical Research

This FAIRsharing System Biology Collection represents the (meta)data standards, repositories, databases and knowledgebases described in this article. FAIRsharing guides both consumers and producers of data to discover, select and use these resources with confidence, and resource maintainers to make their resource more discoverable, widely adopted and cited. This FAIRsharing Collection provided an at-a-glance view of these resources and their relationships, highlighting the activities of the system medicine community around reporting guidelines, terminologies, models and formats and their subsequent implementation in management and stewardship systems.
The Design of Smart Cashless Transaction

Cashless Transaction describes as a state where financial transactions are not bound by physical form such as banknotes or coins, but rather trough transfer of digital information (electronic representation of money). Cashless Transaction exists because of fast majorities of human transaction evolved towards digital environment, this creates an opportunity where legal money exists, recorded, and exchanged in digital form. Thus cashless transaction will make less effort in currency operation cost, keep on track with expenses, connected anytime everywhere as long as connected with internet, and eliminates the needs of banknotes or receipt. Cashless Transaction have done over the past few years making life easier by reducing a number of objects to merge into 1 functional object that could make payments faster and simpler starting with check the first mark of cashless transaction that's still being used nowadays, but cashless transaction doesn't stop evolving in this modern era where money is demonetized, cashless transaction is moving into the digital grid resulting a breakthrough mobile wallets and online transfer that offers people flexibility because its technology advancement makes it possible to make payments anytime and anywhere since it's only depend on a secure network(internet) and a platform, therefore cashless transaction could be done as fast as possible saving precious time. Cashless transaction has some of key components such as security, UX, Functionality, Performance and Data Integrity. Five key components could make cashless transaction become reality but also poses a different threat to cashless transaction. Hacking is one of them. Hacking could be done by anyone that have the ability to compromise the transmission, the transmission needs to have more data protection thus the cashless transaction could be done safely and free of risk.
Graphics Separation System for Printed Document Images

In the development of a printed document based Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system, the removal of graphics from the documents is an essential step. The presence of graphics in the document affects the segmentation of lines, words, and characters. Due to the presence of different font types, font size and location of text and non-text areas, format analysis of printed documents such as books, newspapers is a very challenging task. In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm to distinguish graphics from printed documents using Flood-Fill Operation by detecting the edges of all objects in the image of the text. The proposed algorithm has outperformed in removing graphics from various printed documents, without depending on the shapes of graphics present in the document with the precision of 0.58, recall of 0.92, and f-measure of 0.71.
Involutory-Multiple-Lightweight MDS Matrices based on Cauchy-type Matrices

&lt;p style='text-indent:20px;'&gt;One of the best methods for constructing maximum distance separable (&lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M1"&gt;\begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt;) matrices is based on making use of Cauchy matrices. In this paper, by using some extensions of Cauchy matrices, we introduce several new forms of &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M2"&gt;\begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; matrices over finite fields of characteristic 2. A known extension of a Cauchy matrix, called the Cauchy-like matrix, with application in coding theory was introduced in 1985. One of the main contributions of this paper is to apply Cauchy-like matrices to introduce &lt;b&gt;&lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M3"&gt;\begin{document}$ 2n \times 2n $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; involutory &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M4"&gt;\begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; matrices&lt;/b&gt; in the semi-Hadamard form which is a generalization of the previously known methods. We make use of Cauchy-like matrices to construct &lt;b&gt;multiple &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M5"&gt;\begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; matrices&lt;/b&gt; which can be used in the Feistel structures. We also introduce a new extension of Cauchy matrices to be referred to as &lt;i&gt;Cauchy-light matrices&lt;/i&gt;. The introduced Cauchy-light matrices are applied to construct &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M6"&gt;\begin{document}$ n \times n $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M7"&gt;\begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; matrices having at least &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M8"&gt;\begin{document}$ 3n-3 $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; entries equal to the unit element &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M9"&gt;\begin{document}$ 1 $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt;; such a matrix is called a &lt;b&gt;lightweight &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="M10"&gt;\begin{document}$ \operatorname{MDS} $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; matrix&lt;/b&gt; and can be used in the lightweight cryptography. A simple closed-form expression is given for the determinant of Cauchy-light matrices.&lt;/p&gt;
Solar Panels Recognition Based on Machine Learning

Renewable energies, sustainable practices and carbon neutrality have become important goals for countries. Solar panels are a good alternative to produce energy. Monitoring, maintenance and fault detection processes represent aspects of vital importance when making concrete decisions that affects a certain percentage of the solar farms. In this paper we present a system capable of detecting solar panels location through machine learning.The main goal is to aid solar panels farm managers to locate solar panels in real time in a real area by using a machine learning model. With the use of a camera and a drone, we will be able to fly over the solar farm and identify the panels. The YOLO (You Only Look Once) object detection model is used, training and testing the neural network with a data-set of 280 images. The neural network was capable of recognize the panels in different images and videos in which we put it to the test but getting a good precision at the end.
Multitemporal Sar Image Despeckling Based on Immse Filtering

Most multitemporal filtering techniques assume that pixels remain unchanged over the time so that all the pixels at the same position in the time series are averaged. However, this assumption is not suitable in a long-period time series. To overcome this problem, a novel approach for temporal filtering of SAR image time series by applying the iterative minimum mean square error (IMMSE) approach is proposed. Real and simulated time series data sets were tested. Results showed that the IMMSE preserved the temporal unchanged areas filtered and enhanced the blurred temporal changed details.
Exploring the Innovative Aspects of CV Distributed Ledgers Based on Blockchain

Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology aimed at decentralization and transparency. A blockchain record is immutable, which means that once created by an entity, no other can change what enables legitimacy checking. These are key features to ensure the accuracy of records with sensitive information such as the issuance of records of competencies and qualification certificates when issued by certified entities (education institutions, professional formation schools, companies, etc.). This paper aims to identify the most innovative aspects in CV records management systems based on a blockchain paradigm. In order to engage this objective, an assertive literature review of the CORDIS (The Community Research and Development Information Service ( https://cordis.europa.eu/ )) database was performed and discussed. The results are depicted and enable orientations to future work.
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Container Deployment

Abstract In recent years, with the development of cloud computing, virtualization technology has received widespread attention. As a new representative of virtualization technology, containers have been widely used in software development, operation and maintenance, testing and other aspects, such as microservices and Docker Cloud. In cloud data centers, containers have gradually replaced virtual machines (VMs) as a new carrier for cloud tasks. However, with the increasing number of cloud products, the scale of tasks requested by users in cloud data centers continues to expand. The economic cost of tasks in the process of containerized deployment has become a concern of various cloud service vendors. The container deployment cost usually includes the data exchange cost, the image pull cost and the server energy cost. In order to solve the containerized deployment of application tasks in the container cloud environment with the lowest possible container deployment cost, this paper proposes a new cost calculation model in a container cloud environment, and then presents an improved particles swarm algorithm, namely a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for container deployment (CD-PSO) to provide the best solution for application task loading. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a lower deployment cost than other scheduling algorithms.