Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
How Many Ways are there Not to Act?

Introduction . The article offers a formal analysis of negative action sentences. The goal of the article is to define the notion of non-action, propose a classification of types of nonaction, and to describe the situations of agentive non-doing. Methodology and sources . We propose to interpret the passage from von Wright, which deals with possible interpretations of negative action sentences, as the description of types of non-action. With the help of formal tools of the logic of action, we show the difference between the supposed types of non-action as the difference between the sentences of the subject language, interpreted in different models, each of which sets specific conditions for the choice open to an agent. We offer definitions for the detected types of non-action and illustrate the differences between them with several examples. Results and discussion . We trace the embodiment of von Wright’s original ideas in modern logic of actions and then conclude the existence of a simplified interpretation of refraining in this tradition, which entailed many paradoxes when an agent refrains from everything that she does not do. We show how our analysis expands the scope of possible reactions of an agent, so that the paradox of refraining, noted by the formal and informal schools of research of this phenomenon, becomes vanishes. Conclusion . We propose to consider the list of types of non-action, the definitions of which we obtained as a result of a formal analysis of refraining, to be an exhaustive list of alternatives available to the agent in connection with any possible state of affairs in theory.
Consolidated Reading Strategies Used in Comprehending Text from Various Studies: A Systematic Literature Review

A number of studies about reading strategies conducted before 2020 have mostly identified respondents' strategies and the significant relationship of such reading strategies with different factors or variables. However, only a few tried to gather and list the plethora of reading strategies of different studies. Hence, the present study aimed to identify the most focused studies in reading strategies and consolidate all the most mentioned reading strategies from various studies. A systematic literature review was employed in the present study. Also, the researchers generated literature in Ebscohost and ERIC databases. Through inclusion-exclusion criteria, 41 articles (27- Quantitative; 5 Qualitative; 9-Mixed-method) were included for synthesis. It was found out that most research in 2020 and beyond still focused on identifying the reading strategies of their respondents and looking for the relationship of reading strategies in different factors. On the other hand, 71 reading strategies (13- before-reading, 44- while reading, 14- postreading) were consolidated based on the computed frequency and percentage. As suggested, these reading strategies can aid the reading activities of readers, especially that most learnings are in the online phase.
Research and Practice of Differential Classroom

In the network age, classroom is still the main way and place for students to learn knowledge and the main battlefield of education.The investigation found that there are many bad phenomena in the current classroom.In view of these phenomena, the differential classroom teaching mode of "taking students as the center and teachers as the leading" is constructed.Through the relevant experimental research, it is proved that the differential classroom teaching mode is a teaching paradigm with obvious teaching effect, which can be imitated and worth promoting.
Impact of Islamic Ethics on cybersecurity policy in Iran

This article tries to investigate whether there is an influence of Islamic Ethics on cybersecurity policy in Iran. It represents the governments approaches towards formulating cybersecurity policy in the country. Islamic Ethics is vital because it is a backbone of a good society. Every Muslim should conduct in accordance with Islamic law and must remember that all actions have certain consequences and man is in charge of his behavior. Therefore, people will be able to live in peace and there wont be need to be afraid of criminals. Many recent studies have focused on the problem of Islamic ethics and its influence on different aspects of life of Muslims. It seems interesting to explore the relationships between Islamic ethics and IT because IT gets deeper into peoples life becoming the aspect that it is difficult - if not impossible - to imagine life without it nowadays. With the advent of information and communication technologies it is needed to concentrate on ethical foundations that are able to regulate cyberspace.
Second-Order Modal Logic

Abstract The dissertation introduces new sequent-calculi for free first- and second-order logic, and a hyper-sequent calculus for modal logics K, D, T, B, S4, and S5; to attain the calculi for the stronger modal logics, only external structural rules need to be added to the calculus for K, while operational and internal structural rules remain the same. Completeness and cut-elimination are proved for all calculi presented. Philosophically, the dissertation develops an inferentialist, or proof-theoretic, theory of meaning. It takes as a starting point that the sense of a sentence is determined by the rules governing its use. In particular, there are two features of the use of a sentence that jointly determine its sense, the conditions under which it is coherent to assert that sentence and the conditions under which it is coherent to deny that sentence. The dissertation develops a theory of quantification as marking coherent ways a language can be expanded and modality as the means by which we can reflect on the norms governing the assertion and denial conditions of our language. If the view of quantification that is argued for is correct, then there is no tension between second-order quantification and nominalism. In particular, the ontological commitments one can incur through the use of a quantifier depend wholly on the ontological commitments one can incur through the use of atomic sentences. The dissertation concludes by applying the developed theory of meaning to the metaphysical issue of necessitism and contingentism. Two objections to a logic of contingentism are raised and addressed. The resulting logic is shown to meet all the requirement that the dissertation lays out for a theory of meaning for quantifiers and modal operators. Abstract prepared by Andrew Parisi E-mail : andrew.p.parisi@gmail.com URL : https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/1480/
The Correlation between Morphological Awareness and Vocabulary Mastery of The Fifth Semester Students of English Department of FKIP Universitas Riau

This research changed into meant to discover the. Correlation. between morphological. awareness. and. vocabulary., mastery. of the 5th semester. Students. of English, Department. of FKIP Universitas Riau. In this research, the research design was correlational design. Correlational is the types in. quantitative approach and the research, population was the, fifth semester. Students. of .English .Department of FKIP Universitas Riau. There are 39 students.from the 5th semester of English Department of FKIP Universitas Riau were selected and the sample was taken by using cluster random, sampling. The research instruments, of this study were morphological awareness test and vocabulary level, test. The data showed that 59.84 of frequency distribution mean score of morphological awareness were moderate level and 71.61 of frequency distribution mean score of vocabulary mastery were high vocabulary level. Additionally, the correlation coefficient was 0.601, which was on a scale from 0.00 - 1.00. The findings of this study indicated a positive, correlation between, two variables. According to this result, the correlation, between students' morphological, awareness and, their, vocabulary, mastery was classified as strong correlation. To facilitate students' understanding of the correlation, between, morphological awareness and vocabulary mastery, this, research would analyze the correlation between the two.
Imperceptible Improvement using Edge Area Selection for Robust Video Watermarking Using Tchebichef - Singular Value Decomposition

Watermarking is a technology to protect the copyright of multimedia data.Video is one of the most complex media compared to image or audio.In invisible watermarking, imperceptible aspects are important besides robustness.This research proposes a frame selection method based on the edge area.The frame with the most edge area is selected and used for watermark embedding with Tchebichef transformation and singular value decomposition.A dual-stage Arnold transform was carried out to spread the edge area, and the watermark was embedded more evenly to improve the imperceptibility quality.Based on the test results, this method can improve the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) quality by around 1dB to 2dB while still maintaining the robustness of the watermark compared to the previous method without edge area selection, and dual-stage Arnold transform.
IDENTIFIKASI KEPRIBADIAN DALAM PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR

An educator is important to know and understand the personality of a student so that the educational process can take place properly so that it can get maximum results. Because students have different personality types and the personality type of a student shows how students accept the learning material provided by the teacher. In the teaching and learning process, educators who do not understand the personality of students will find it difficult to deliver learning materials that will attract students' interest, which will hamper the knowledge transfer process. In this study, the identification of the personality of students using the certainty factor method and the types of personality analyzed were choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic and sanguinis. Based on the personality traits of each. The goal is to make it easier for educators to find ways to educate according to the personality of students. The results obtained are that by using the certainty factor method, the personality of a student is obtained based on the characteristics of the student with a confidence level of 88.43%.
ADOBE FLASH MEDIA LEARNING ENGLISH THROUGH E-LEARNING SYSTEM IN UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH SUMATERA UTARA

&lt;p&gt;The Objective of study is to find the result of the learning process of Adobe Flash as media on the course of &lt;em&gt;Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran &lt;/em&gt;through E-Learning system at English education study program in University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara. E-learning provides a set of tools to enrich the value of conventional learning model, studies of textbooks, CD-ROMs, and computer-based training. Students can answer the challenges of globalization. Research Method used descriptive method through qualitative approach. Method of research conducted qualitative. Sample of research were forth semester students of English education study program. E learning system of UMSU provided schedule of course, attendance check, discussion forum between a lecture and students, task file, exercises file integrated Moodle and google form, module e book of &lt;em&gt;Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran&lt;/em&gt;, slide file presentation, all activities viewed past, present and future time. Adobe flash media learning English implemented by virtual for one semester. The students can be active teaching English using Adobe Flash, simple material for presentation. They were enthusiastic when learn Adobe flash as media leaning English.&lt;/p&gt;
Developing e-Market Information System Android Based in Minahasa Regency

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic which limits humans from interacting directly, the trade sector, in this case buying and selling in traditional markets, is hampered. Therefore, the researcher took the initiative to create an innovation, namely an Android-based E-Market Information System application that helps improve the community's economy during the COVID-19 pandemic, while providing an alternative to digital sales when entering the new normal period. In this study also tested the feasibility level of the software that has been made. This research method is Design and Build using the system development method with the Waterfall model. Software testing is done through black-box testing, McCall's Quality Factor as an indicator to determine the level of software feasibility with a measurement scale using a Likert Scale. Interviews and questionnaires are techniques used to collect data, while data analysis techniques use descriptive quantitative analysis. The mandatory output targeted for this research is developing an E-Market information system in Minahasa. In addition, the results of this study are to be published in an International Journal, namely the Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications as an additional output
New Directions in Duality Theory for Modal Logic

Abstract In this work we present some new contributions towards two different directions in the study of modal logic. First we employ tense logics to provide a temporal interpretation of intuitionistic quantifiers as “always in the future” and “sometime in the past.” This is achieved by modifying the Gödel translation and resolves an asymmetry between the standard interpretation of intuitionistic quantifiers. Then we generalize the classic Gelfand–Naimark–Stone duality between compact Hausdorff spaces and uniformly complete bounded archimedean $\ell $ -algebras to a duality encompassing compact Hausdorff spaces with continuous relations. This leads to the notion of modal operators on bounded archimedean $\ell $ -algebras and in particular on rings of continuous real-valued functions on compact Hausdorff spaces. This new duality is also a generalization of the classic Jónsson-Tarski duality in modal logic. Abstract taken directly from the thesis. E-mail : lcarai@unisa.it URL : https://www.proquest.com/openview/5d284dbfb954383da9364149fa312b6f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=18750&amp;diss=y
A Computational Approach to Decode the Pragma-Stylistic Meanings in Narrative Discourse

This paper presents a computer-based frequency distribution analysis to decode the pragma-stylistic meanings in one of the narrative discourse represented by Orwell's dystopian novel Animal Farm.The main objective of the paper is to explore the extent to which computer software contribute to the linguistic analysis of texts.The paper uses the variable of frequency distribution analysis (FDA) generated by concordance software to decode the pragmatic and stylistic significance beyond the mere linguistic expressions employed by the writer in the selected data.Some words were selected to undergo a frequency distribution analysis so as to highlight their pragmatic and linguistic weight which, in turn, helps arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the thematic message intended by the writer.The paper is grounded on one analytical strand: Frequency distribution analysis conducted by concordance.Results reveal that applying a frequency distribution analysis to the linguistic analysis of large data fictional texts serves to (i) identify the various types of discourse in these texts; (ii) create a thematic categorization that is based on the frequency distribution analysis of specific words in texts; and (iii) indicate that not only high frequency words are indicative in the production of particular pragmatic and stylistic meanings in discourse, but also low frequency words are highly indicative in this regard.These results accentuate a further general finding that computer software contribute significantly to the linguistic analysis of texts, particularly those pertaining to literature.The paper recommends further and intensive incorporation of computer and CALL (computer-assisted language learning) software in teaching and learning literary texts in EFL (English as a foreign language) settings.
Techniques for Cognitive Pathways from Natrinai

Man changes the world only through actions and therefore changes himself. His power is manifested in the actions of man. Man is created by labor and action. During the Sangam period, farming was hailed as a life-saving profession. Livestock were used for needs beyond human capacity. The need of the individual is the need of the society in which he lives. It is on this basis that every business flourishes and benefits. Through this study we can know how the Tamils ​​planned and carried out their careers through the hymns in the Sangam literature.
Development of Augmented Reality Traditional Musical Education Applications

Technology that is developing very rapidly today is no exception in the world of education, the convenience offered by technology cannot be denied by shifting the way children learn who were born and raised in the digital era. In the field of education, augmented reality technology has been widely implemented, such as applications that use augmented reality book aids. This study aims to create an alternative application as a learning medium for the introduction of traditional musical instruments with a multimedia development method by an elementary school educational institution. In this study, the augmented reality method used is Image Based Tracking, which uses images as markers. The tool that helps in making AR is the Vuforia SDK which is used as a storage area marker. By doing this research, the results were obtained in the form of an Augmented Reality Traditional Musical Instrument Recognition application that runs on the Android platform and respondent testing using the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) method with a value of 86%.
THE STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN USING SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE: A CASE STUDY AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

This study aims to determine the problems faced by second-grade students in using the simple present tense at (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) MAN Dompu. The data collection used in this research is interviews and tests, in order to find and classify the problems faced by second-grade students who have difficulty using the simple present tense. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. The population used in this study consisted of 5 classes and the sample was taken randomly, eight students in each class were used as samples. The number of samples is 40 students. The results of data analysis obtained through object tests and essay tests show that students' scores are very poor. This is evidenced by the average value of students is 3.9. Based on the test results, it shows that students have low ability in using the simple present tense, the students are quite interested in English subjects; English is very difficult for them; English teachers never give advice and motivation to students; the teacher never informs the students about the importance of learning English, especially the simple present tense; students have low motivation in learning English; English teachers never pay attention to students who have difficulty learning English; lack of stimulation for students in learning English; and students have low abilities. The researcher hopes that this research can contribute to teachers and students in the teaching and learning process of English, especially in the use of the simple present tense.
Thinking music in the web age (2)

The articles collected in the present issue of De Musica derive from contributions to the international conference “Penser la musique à l’ère du web / Thinking Music in the Web Age” and continue the investigation developed in the previous issue on the rapid and profound transformations of the contemporary musical culture in the web age. They deal in particular with the impact of the so-called digital revolution on the production, the distribution and the reception of music.&#x0D; &#x0D;
Using HBase to Implement Speed Layer in Time Series Data Storage Systems

In recent years, modern systems have become increasingly integrated, and the challenges are focused on delivering real-time analytics based on big data.Thus, using standard software tools to extract information from such datasets is not always possible.The Lambda Architecture proposed by Marz is an architectural solution that can manage the processing of large data volumes by combining real-time and data batch processing techniques.Choosing a suitable database management system for storing large volumes of time series data is not a trivial issue as various aspects such as low latency, high performance and the possibility of horizontal scalability must be taken into account.The new NoSQL approaches use for this purpose non-relational databases with significant advantages in terms of flexibility and performance in comparison with the traditional relational databases.With reference to this, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the general characteristics of time series data and the main activities performed by the Speed layer in a system based on the Lambda Architecture.Based on this, the use of a column-oriented NoSQL DBMS as a system for storing time series data is justified.The paper also addresses the challenges of using HBase as a system for storing and analysing time series data.These questions are related to the design of an appropriate database schema, the need to achieve balance between ease of access to the data and performance as well as considering the factors that affect the overload of individual nodes in the system.
Fuzzy-set Theory to Support the Design of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems for Aphasia Individuals

This paper presents a new design of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems for conveying delicate feelings or emotions of aphasia individuals, which is based on Fuzzy-set theory.Fuzzy-set theory is crucial in addressing the ambiguity of linguistic terms used and judgments made by aphasia individuals.Due to the communication difficulties of aphasia individuals, their insights were assigned in triangular fuzzy membership functions during the design process of AAC systems.In the proposed design of AAC systems, the delicate feelings or emotions were expressed as a scale, and candidate(s) of delicate feelings or emotions were shown based on their specified position.If the candidate(s) cannot properly convey the desired delicate feelings or emotions, then the corresponding fuzzy membership function can be realized by controlling its position.The proposed method has the advantage of being able to be conveyed the exact want and needs of delicate feelings or emotions during communication.Experimental result shows that conveying delicate feelings or emotions of the aphasia individual could be improved by 50 percent using the proposed design of AAC systems.