Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Ranges: composite measure phrases, modified numerals, and choice functions

Range expressions such asbetween 3 and 8,from 3 to 8, and3 through 8 resemble modified numerals such asat least 3and have sometimes been mentioned under that rubric. This paper shows that they are crucially different in their distribution, the readings available to them, and their behavior with respect to quantifiers, and more generally that they have an intricate grammar of their own. We distinguish three classes of readings they can receive: singleton punctual readings, on which they often give rise to ignorance inferences; set punctual readings, which arise chiefly in the scope of quantifiers; and interval readings, where the range is interpreted exhaustively. We propose an analysis on which range expressions denote choice functions over degrees, which can in the right circumstances be parameterized.
Event plurality &amp; quantifier scope across clause boundaries

Legend has it that quantifiers cannot scope out of finite clauses. But whileislands for quantifier raising might exist, finite clauses are not that: We identifya novel environment which productively facilitates scoping universal quantifiersout of embedded clauses, involving the manipulation of event structure. With thehelp of the perfect on an embedding verb and certain adverbials that presuppose abuildup towards a result state (by noon, eventually, at long last), embedded universalquantifiers can more readily take extrawide scope. We describe, account for, anddiscuss restrictions to this effect, and conclude that scoping quantifiers out of finiteclauses is not banned by syntactic constraints, although context or processing mightfavor narrow scope readings.
Interaction of dou and scope effects in Mandarin relative clause

How to analyze the multi-functional focus-sensitive operatordouinMandarin has been a long-standing debate (Lin 1998; Giannakidou &amp; Cheng 2006;Xiang 2008; Liao 2011; Liu 2017, 2018; Xiang 2020, a.o.). In this paper, I providenovel arguments for the analysis ofdouin analogy toonlyproposed in Xiang (2020),by examining the interaction ofdouwith scope effects in relative clauses embeddedin different matrix clauses. I propose that the scope effects in RCs embedded innon-specificational sentences are derived from long QR of the embedded QP, whilethose in specificational sentences result from a natural-function analysis of the RC,which does not involve movement of the focus associated withdou. Crucially, thefocus-semantics ofdoublocks the former while is compatible with the latter. Thepuzzles and the proposed solution also adds new perspective into the more generalquestion of focus-association with moved elements.
TRANSFORMATIONS OF MOTIVES OF RELIGIOUS DRAMA IN THE LITERATURE OF THE 20TH-21ST CENTURIES: THE PHILOSOPHIC ASPECT

The article studies the transformation of motives of religious drama in the literature of the 20th-21st centuries from the point of view of religious philosophy, namely the neo-Thomism paradigm. The concept of transformation is interpreted as a transition to the use of meaning-generating models close to drama as a kind of literature in the context of the visual turn in the culture of the 20th-21st centuries. The actualization of action as a form-creating means along with the explicit or implicit accentuation of the integrity of the world picture is interpreted as a search for metaphysical grounds for the aesthetic systems of modernism and postmodernism and the poetics of individual authors and their works. The article substantiates the philosophical aspect of the interpretation of religious drama accepted in scientific literature as a metagenre for the literature of the 20th-21st centuries. The study outlines the universal character of generic methods and means of expressiveness of religious drama for literature in the conditions of the visual turn.&#x0D; The aesthetics of literature between phenomenological and metaphysical approaches to human action may be inclined to the fluctuation (metaxis) between them, which conditions the stylistic and genre openness of religious drama. In this context, its elements are used both in traditional genres and to rethink the genre and stylistic boundaries of the representation of human action in art in general and in literature in particular. Motives of religious drama (journey, overcoming obstacles, battle, feat as a leap of faith, love, despair, hatred, boredom as existential aspects of the human condition, service, sacrifice) in the works of P. Claudel, H. Chubai and D. Barthelmy are presented with significant differences, but with the preservation of paradigmatic features – symbolism and metaphysics as an indication of the ultimate integrity, unattainable neither rationally nor sensually. The universalism of the motives of religious drama is interpreted as the present ambivalence, which brings together high and low, profane and sacred, parody and grotesque with pathos, etc.
Restrictions on the position of exh

The grammatical approach to scalar implicatures attributes their introduction to a covert operator exh, which can be posited in various structural positions. By studying the interaction of scalar implicature calculation and the presuppositions of English also and again, we are able to pinpoint the structural position of exh. This diagnostic shows that some triggers of scalar implicature require exh to be adjoined as low as possible above them, whereas other triggers allow for more delayed adjunction of exh. We offer a concrete proposal for these behaviors in terms of syntactic feature-checking and show how it extends to cases involving ignorance inferences.
ANALISIS CLUSTER HIERARKI PADA PERSEBARAN KASUS COVID-19 BERDASARKAN PROVINSI DI INDONESIA

This study aims to apply Hierarchical cluster analysis to the distribution of Covid-19 cases by province in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data for the 2021 period. The variables used are the number of confirmed patients, the number of recovered patients, the number of patients who died, the population, population density, the number of elderly people, and health facilities. The method in this research is hierarchical cluster analysis with agglomeration process, Beetween groups linkage, with the concept of square Euclidean distance. The research step begins with data exploration, standardization, multicollinearity assumption test and Barlett KMO test, hierarchical cluster analysis, and interpretation. The results showed that the clustering process in Hierarchical analysis can be determined based on the desired number of clusters and the results are strengthened by the Dendogram representation. The distribution of Covid-19 cases in 34 provinces is divided into 2,3, and 4 clusters based on the variables used. Prov. DKI Jakarta has different characteristics from the prov. West Java, Central Java, East Java. Likewise with the prov. Banten sd. Prov. Gorontalo has similar characteristics in the case of the spread of Covid-19.
). Synthesis of Philosophical-Aesthetic and Psychological Narratives in Modern Ukrainian Composers’ Creative Work

The purpose of the article is to determine the creative approach in composer activity and the perception of musical images, which lies in the aesthetic principles of individual creativity. The factors that influence this approach are the characteristics of human psychology and cognitive activity, the degree of synthesising worldview and artistic information, the individual’s sociocultural activity, and the effectiveness of their assimilation of the previous civilisational experience. The research also aims to investigate new ways of summarising information in the art of music, in connection with the introduction of the philosophy of pluralism and postmodern aesthetics in society; consider the phenomenon of influence on the consciousness of the composer of video-informational digital technologies. The research methodology lies in the analysis of the mechanisms of creativity, in particular in the systematic approach to the specifics of the aesthetic and psychological impact on modern society of "tying" sound forms to visual framing. Besides, it is based on studying the specified problem from different points of view: on the analysis of the inner impulses of the artist's own "I", solving professional tasks of the development of the musical genre, social challenges, which are realised by the creative personality as a real necessity, taking into account the transition from auditory verbal to synthetic perception of a musical work at the level of the synesthetic component and mystical suggestions. The scientific novelty consists in the generalisation of worldview and artistic information based on the sociocultural activity of the individual based on previous experience, the use in musicological analysis, in addition to the philosophical-aesthetic, but also the narratological approach, the identification of the conceptual sphere of creativity, its worldview, historical, ethno-national, psychological content, which is due to modern creative technologies. Conclusions. The sociocultural significance of composer creativity as a special type of activity, as a result of which new material and spiritual values arise, lies in the importance of its psychological and philosophical understanding for self-realisation, disclosure and understanding of the horizons of one's own spiritual life. Cathartic and compensatory processes of this direction of creative activity in the general human, historical-cultural, and individual sense contribute to the formation of a new socio-psychological reality of culture.&#x0D; Key words: synthesising, artistic information, composer creativity, sound forms, social challenges
BUILDING PREDICTIVE MODELS TO ASSESS DEGRADATION OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER OVER TIME USING REMOTE SENSING DATA

Agricultural fields near Rabia district, northwest of Nineveh Governorate/Iraq, were selected for study, as the study area is located between longitudes (36°31'51.34'' and 36°43'40.343'')north and two latitudes (42°16'14.475''and 42°34'50.99'')east, with an area of approximately 52.5 hectares.The predictive model is built from the integration of multiple linear and nonlinear regression relationships between remote sensing data and laboratory-measured organic matter concentration values.The predictive model was applied to Satellite data for three years (2002, 2012, and 2022), producing three maps to describe the soil content of organic matter (a map for each year).The results of the study showed the possibility of applying predictive models to Satellite data for a particular area and for previous years to give results with high spatial accuracy (R 2 = 0.9581).Spatial maps were possible for each of the three years studied (2002, 2012, and 2022), and fertility maps were drawn by projecting spectral evidence values into the predictive model equation in the ENVI program.The resulting images were then processed using ArcGIS 10.8 to color them and perform a Reclassify operation and take them out with the values of percentages of organic matter concentrations.The results showed a clear deterioration in the soil's organic matter content over time, especially between 2012 and 2022.College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul.This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0
Contribution of the Use of Children’s Literature in Special Education

This article examines the benefits that the use of children’s literature can bring to Special Education. Children’s literature can provide significant benefits to students by providing role models and values as well as enhancing their cognitive development. This applies to all children with the exception of those who face special educational needs and are included in special education. The benefits of children’s literature are as much cognitive and academic as they are emotional and social. Children’s literature can be an important means of encouraging and motivating students studying in Special Education and at the same time contribute to the development of their skills and abilities because of the perspectives and opportunities it creates.
Systematisation of the Forms and Methods of Functioning of Electronic Resources in Ukraine

The purpose of the work is to study the systematisation of forms and methods of functioning of electronic resources in Ukraine. Research methodology. When conducting the research, general scientific and special research methods have been used, including analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalisation, and system-structural analysis. The scientific novelty of the work consists in generalising the issues of systematisation of the forms and methods of functioning of Ukrainian electronic resources. In particular, it has been defined that the specifics of changes in electronic resources influences the methods used to systematisingly catalogue, optimise, and unify information through changes in the mechanisms of implementation of the specified processes. Conclusions. In the course of the research, it has been determined that electronic resources form the collection of information in libraries in the form of full-text databases, electronic journals, image collections, multimedia in the form of CDs, tapes, the Internet, web technologies, electronic discussions, electronic news, data archives, email, even online chat. E-resources may be found in differentiated forms such as e-books, digital libraries, online journals, e-learning tutors, and online tests. It is established that such types of electronic resources are distinguished as local, network, and electronic resources of combined distribution. It has been found that the method of bibliographic description of electronic resources is determined in accordance with the type of access, taking into account the category of the object of description and its structure. It has been determined that electronic resources in the form of digitised documents are currently the most effective form of involving in the scientific circulation of huge arrays of documents for social and communication activities of institutions.&#x0D; Key words: electronic resources, systematisation, functioning, forms.
Martin Heidegger’s Work «The Origin of the Work of Art» as Methodology for Understanding Creativity

The purpose of the article is to conceptually logicalise the procedurality of the creation act based on the analysis of M. Heidegger's work«The Origin of the Work of Art». The research methodology has primarily been based on the futurological or value-futurological method, which is the author's proposal of V. Sievers. It is only effective in the context of our research, unlike established historical, comparative, axiological, and phenomenological methods, since it is based on the idea of a coordinated approach to the perception of reality and the simultaneous movement of a person in it. Moreover, as follows from the very name, it is itself a direction and a criterion of movement in it. The scientific novelty of the study is that based on the analysis of M. Heidegger's work «The Origin of the Work of Art», the act of creation is divided into two stages: the vision of truth in the circle of «nothing» and the hypothetical phasing of acquisition based on the act of creation as a result of the status of a thing. An interpretation of one of the oldest problems in philosophy – the problem of «qualia» – is offered, and a new approach to understanding the category «existential» is also presented. Conclusions. The signs of a thing highlighted in Heidegger's text are a state of such fixation of a set of defined steps, which indicates the formation of creative conditions. In contrast to creation, the conditions of creativity should be understood and considered as the result of the gradual accumulation of groundless multiplication of creations that in the process of their interaction cause a historical movement in the sequence of two opposing components in unity: natural and social. The concept of mental serves as a boundary and a connecting link between them. In addition, existential or valuable experience is a field of reflection that forms historical forms of human mental and material activity organisation.&#x0D; Key words: art, creation,methodology, category «nothing», Observer, truth, entity, substance, captured action, qualia, existential.&#x0D;
PENINGKATAN PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA DALAM KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA BAHASA INDONESIA MELALUI METODE BERCERITA SISWA KELAS III UPT SDN 100 GRESIK

Abstract&#x0D; This study aims to determine the effect of the storytelling learning method on the mastery of Indonesian vocabulary in class III UPT SDN 100 Gresik. This research is motivated by the low mastery of Indonesian vocabulary in class III UPT SDN 100 Gresik. This research is a descriptive classroom action research. The subjects in this study were 20 students in 1 class. The data collection technique in this study used an oral test. The data analysis technique used covariance analysis. The results showed that the significant value was evidenced by the calculated significance value in the hypothesis test of 0.060 which was greater than 0.05 with a partial value of 0.78 or 78%. In this case, it can be said that learning by using the storytelling method has a significant effect or it can be said that the learning of Indonesian vocabulary mastery increases from the results of the previous cycle data.&#x0D; Keywords : Storytelling Learning Method, Indonesian Vocabulary Mastery.
The Derivational and Inflectional Morpheme in Dwayne Johnson’s Speech: Morphology Perspective

This research aims to discover the category of words that are taken from an object of speech. The researcher focuses on occurrence frequency and the process of words that have been used in the speech. This research applied a descriptive qualitative method. The researcher collected some words through the speech, and then continued to classify them into morphological analysis, specifically derivational morpheme and inflectional morpheme. The researcher employed the Victoria Fromkin theory to analyze the words and filter them into the derivational morpheme category and inflectional morpheme category. The results reveal the 48 words with 10 of them (21%) represent derivational morphemes. In the derivational morphemes, there are 2 words whose parts of speech do not change and 8 words that do. There are 38 inflectional morphemes (79%) that are divided into 8 categories. These 8 categories consist of 14 plural words, 9 progressive words, 8 past tense words, 2 superlative words, 2 possessive words, 2 third person singular words, and 1 past participle word.&#x0D;
Improving English Learning Outcomes Using the Scramble Learning Method for Class VII Students of MTs Daarul Uluum PUI Ranji

To be successful, students must participate actively in the learning process. A scramble, for example, is a method in which each student is extremely active because they are held accountable for the success of their group. One of the learning methods that can be used to help students learn English better is the scramble method. The purpose of this study is to explain how the Scramble learning method improved English learning outcomes for students in the seventh grade at MTs Daarul Uluum PUI Ranji. In this study, Classroom Action Research (CAR) was used in two cycles. Each cycle is divided into four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Cycle I. Planning was based on preliminary observations. Cycle II planning is based on the results of Cycle I reflection. According to the study's findings, using the scramble method to solve the problem of learning English resulted in an increase in student learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. Learning outcomes in the first cycle averaged 76,25, or 75% completeness, and increased significantly to 81.71, or 84% completeness, in the second cycle. This has increased by 9%. As a result, it can be concluded that using the scramble method can improve the English learning outcomes of class VII students at MTs Daarul Uluum PUI Ranji.
The Development Features of the Higher Education System in Library and Information Education in Asian Countries

The aim of the study is to determine the current state and trends in the development of models of higher library and information education in Asian countries, establishing opportunities for borrowing their best educational practices in Ukraine. The article identifies Asian countries-leaders in the modernisation of national systems of higher library and information education, including both developed countries (Japan) and rapidly developing countries (China, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Turkey, and the Philippines). The research methodology is based on the use of heuristic possibilities of socio-cultural and systematic approaches, source studies and comparative methods, and content analysis of bachelor’s and master’s educational programmes in library science. The scientific novelty of the research consists in proving the common and different in the systems of higher library and information education of the leading Asian countries, introducing into scientific circulation the results of the content and structure analysis of library science educational programmes of the best universities in the leading Asian countries. It is noted that these educational institutions have successfully implemented all the basic principles of the Bologna Process into educational practice, thus contributing to the quality improvement of the library specialists’ training and their competitiveness on the global labour market. The author of the article draws conclusions regarding the main principles underlying the modernisation of library science educational programmes and establishes the socio-cultural, economic, geographical, and political factors that led to the diversity of training models for information specialists at different levels. The special features of degree training of bachelors, masters, and doctors of philosophy in the “Library and Information Sciences” specialty in leading Asian universities are determined; the profiles and content of their educational programmes are characterised. The organisational and cognitive features of the library and information personnel training of various educational levels are established; the key competencies acquired by students during their mastering are characterised. Emphasis is placed on promising achievements and innovations of the best training models of library and information specialists in Asian countries, which should be implemented within the framework of a single integrated specialty 029 “Information, Library and Archival Science”.
Vocational High School Students’ Challenges in Practicing English Speaking Skills

The article overview discussed Indonesian students' challenges in learning English as their second language. Even though English has been added to the school curriculum here in Indonesia from an early age, in reality, there are still many students that have difficulty when learning all the aspects of English skills, especially the speaking aspect. This research aim is to explain students' experiences of their challenges when practicing English speaking skills. By using qualitative methods and a narrative inquiry approach, the data in this study will be collected through short interviews with third-grade students of Vocational high school. The results of the study stated that the challenges faced by students came from various internal and external factors. The conclusion states that even though they have known English since early school, high school students still face difficulties in practicing English speaking skills. This study will explain in detail each influencing factor based on the experiences of these students.