Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Security Enhancer Novel Framework for Network Applications

In order to extract, analyze, and process the huge amount of datasets, most of the users use hired cloud services rather than their own HW/SW setup. Thus, a large dataset is needed to transfer over a cloud network, and a large amount of information flow attracts malicious intruders who attack the communication network to take private information for their benefit. High-level security for the user’s information flowing over the communication networks becomes the most crucial, and lots of data security algorithms are present that could proffer appropriate approaches to secure tasks to a group of VMs in many applications, yet the job security for large datasets has not been achieved. So, for big data processing, a secure job scheduling with minimal ET in the MapReduce framework is essential. Clients can use the hired resources for the time they need to help them with cost-cutting and ease of use. Data security is required while scheduling the sub-tasks generated from the MapReduce function to the VMs. A secure technique is the demand of time so that users’ private data can flow freely machine to machine over the cloud’s VMs without any risk from malicious hackers and intruders. An SHA-256 cantered Elliptical Curve Cryptography (SH-ECC) is employed to proffer data security (DS) through the proposed model. With this framework, it can flexibly create integrative security protection against diverse threats and attacks. It reduces the data encryption and decryption time and also enhances the security level.
Secure Media

Abstract Media security is a subset of information security concerned with protecting the semantic information behind multimedia assets, such as images, instead of just representing the information. Media security problems can be divided into two main clusters: creator-centric and content-centric. With the growing reliance on multimedia content in citizens’ daily lives, both professionally and in their private lives, media security is becoming an essential technology to include in many applications. Furthermore, media security is no longer a niche; many applications need media security tools and solutions in addition to more general security tools and solutions such as symmetric or asymmetric encryption. At the same time, media security tools and solutions are increasingly essential elements in many professional and private applications that have become multimedia-rich.
Teaching Form and Means of Secondary School Mathematics

Teaching form is the study of how to organize teaching activities and how to control and use teaching time and space effectively. Teaching means is to study what media or material conditions can be used to impart knowledge and cultivate students’ ability effectively. Teaching form and means are two very important and closely related aspects in the implementation of teaching work.
Searchable Symmetric Encryption

Abstract Searchable symmetric encryption allows operating on encrypted data, particularly keyword-based search on documents and range-based search on spatial data. Various methods can be used in Searchable symmetric encryption, such as order-preserving or fully homomorphic encryption, for different levels of information leakage. New schemes with more efficient search operations and reduced access and search pattern leakage that support novel settings, such as dynamic data sets and multiple users, have been proposed in the last few years. Especially with the emergence of cloud storage, encrypting sensitive remote data while preserving the ability to operate efficiently is an ample opportunity for the military and industry. However, there are risks when deploying Searchable symmetric encryption that must be considered since some Searchable symmetric encryption schemes proposed in the past have been (completely) broken by the research community.
Hash Functions

Abstract Hash functions are one-way functions that map arbitrary-length input to fixed-length output. Moreover, they have many cryptographic applications, such as integrity checks, password storage, and signatures. Cryptographic hash functions have some additional properties that can be formulated as hard problems: pre-image resistance, second pre-image resistance, and collision resistance. A significant technological development in this area is unlikely. Standardized hash functions are considered secure, and open-source implementations can be used at no cost. To conclude, the security properties required from hash functions depend on the intended purpose.
Identity-Based Cryptography

Abstract Identity-based encryption systems are characterized by the fact that the public key is easy to remember, and the step of linking the public key to a specific identity is omitted; the identity (e.g., an e-mail address) is the public key. Applications of Identity-based encryption are still relatively rare, although there are now various standards for Identity-based encryption procedures and their application. Properties such as needing a trusted third party to generate the private keys might hinder its adoption. There are initial solutions to optimize away or mitigate such negative features for many applications, but they are not yet well-tested and still subject to research. However, for application areas where a trusted third party for private key escrow is acceptable, for example, in government and enterprise applications or public safety and mission-critical applications, Identity-based encryption can be an exciting technology that simplifies key management and handling.
Blockchain

Abstract A blockchain is a decentralized system for managing a block-based data structure. Unlike centralized systems that rely on honest operators, blockchains can function even when some participants act maliciously, as long as more than half of the entities in the network are honest. A broader term for blockchains is Digital Ledger Technologies. This includes systems that do not rely on linked blocks but offer decentralized data management. A growing list of applications is produced around blockchain’s tracking and logging capabilities: due to their underlying data structure, all history is available forever. Nevertheless, the complexity of blockchain systems still has to be tamed before it makes economic sense.
Functional Encryption

Abstract Functional encryption gives users fine-grained access to the encrypted data and permits the computation of specific functions on the protected plaintexts. Namely, data is encrypted using a public key, while restricted keys that correspond to particular functions are generated. This prevents the computer from computing anything other than the function specified by the restricted decrypting key. Functional encryption can handle more sophisticated data sharing involving an untrusted cloud. Finally, functional encryption is to become an increasingly valuable tool in the context of growing concern for privacy and the ubiquitous use of data.
Data in Transit Security

Abstract Data in transit, or network traffic, can be eavesdropped on and potentially leak sensitive information. This information can be in the payload, headers, or metadata. To mitigate this, many communication protocols encrypt traffic on different layers exist. However, even if encrypted traffic leaks information through its metadata. The percentage of encrypted network traffic has risen continuously in the past years, and we expect this trend to continue in the following years. On the other hand, measures to protect metadata are limited, leaving network traffic vulnerable to traffic-analysis attacks.
Digital Rights Management

Abstract Essentially, digital rights management refers to “trusted exchange of digital information over the Internet in which the user is granted only those privileges granted by the document sender”. Digital rights management systems serve multiple functions, such as access control, usage control, billing, and the pursuit of legal infringements. These functions are achieved through various technologies, such as encryption, digital signatures, digital watermarks, secure authentication, rights expression languages, and product key. In recent years, digital rights management systems have been controversial due to privacy concerns, their potential negative impact on open-source software, and their incompatibility with fair use principles. And, in an increasingly interconnected world, digital rights management systems will become increasingly important, but they will lose their influence in specific industries, such as the traditional music industry.
Electronic Voting

Abstract Remote electronic voting, where eligible voters can cast votes from anywhere in the world on their device, promises to increase voter turnout, improve accessibility, and reduce costs. However, building a secure online voting system is difficult, involving four essential requirements: integrity, privacy, coercion-resistance, and availability. Moreover, successfully deploying a secure online voting system would require close collaboration among the public and private sectors and academia. The military and intelligence agencies could play an important role in supporting the e-voting operator against cyberattacks meant to deteriorate public trust in the voting outcome.
Asymmetric Encryption

Abstract An asymmetric encryption scheme uses two different keys, a private one and a public one. While the public key is used for encryption and may be known by others, the private key is used for decryption and must be kept secret. The widespread public critical systems are based on the integer factorization problem or the discrete logarithm problem over finite fields and elliptic curve. The minimal key length and the required size of the involved parameters should be chosen according to the current regulation or best practice advice. Current public cryptosystems are considered secure against classical computers, but most of those commonly used today will be broken by attacks from not yet existing powerful quantum computers.
Differential Privacy

Abstract Differential privacy is a technology that allows sharing of information about a dataset while protecting individual privacy by adding noise to the results. It will have the following effect: if the arbitrary single substitution in the database is small enough, then the query result cannot be used to infer much about any single individual. In the cases of counting, summation, or average queries over a large, single table of data, Differential privacy is ready to be used effectively. One key drawback of differential privacy is that it often trades data accuracy for privacy. Differential privacy could be a great tool to help the government and large companies better comply with the demand for data privacy.
Symmetric Cryptography

Abstract Symmetric encryption is the most common method to guarantee the confidentiality of a message or information. Encryption is a cryptographic process that makes it impossible for anyone who needs the decryption key to gain knowledge of plaintext. It is called symmetric when it uses the same key for encryption and decryption. The required key length for symmetric encryption must be at least 256 bits to guarantee sufficient protection against brute force attacks and the possible arrival of quantum computers. To conclude, well-established cryptographic libraries implementing standard algorithms should be preferred over homemade implementation.
Multi-component Interoperability and Virtual Machines: Examples from Architecture, Engineering, Cyber-Physical Networks, and Geographic Information Systems

This chapter will examine data-interoperation protocols for independently engineered software components, proposing hypergraph-based metamodels as a useful abstraction for designing data representation formats that mutually autonomous components can collaboratively adopt as a neutral encoding strategy. We consider ways to rank data formats’ expressiveness and compare hypergraphs to comparatively “less” expressive metamodels, such as those implicit in XML and JSON, suggesting in concrete terms why expressiveness is beneficial to efficient software development. Concrete examples are drawn from architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC), bioimaging, and, in particular, geographic information systems (GIS) and digital cartography. More broadly, we consider how to properly frame the “linguistic” nature of computer programming languages and how we can discuss software applications having a “semantics,” in the sense of representational connections to empirical objects.
Strategic navigation for robotic wheelchair based on geometrical information of augmented reality markers

This paper proposes a mobile robot navigation method based on augmented reality technique using not only AR markers’ patterns but their configurations. Mobile robot requires self-location to navigate toward destination. The authors propose a navigation system for wheelchairs that uses position and orientation of AR markers as well as information connoted in the AR marker patterns. AR technology is applied to estimate relative location of robot. The system consists of three elements: AR markers, a web camera, and a motor-driven wheelchair, WHILL Model CR. When the camera on the wheelchair recognizes an AR marker, it creates an action command according to both ID of the recognized AR pattern and arrangement of the AR marker. Identified position and posture of the AR markers are used to calculate the complement rotation angle to adjust the wheelchair to the planned route. The authors have designed the techniques to plan a path for a motorized nonholonomic wheelchair to enter a narrow corridor where nonholonomic robots cannot easily drive only by turning or circular routing. The techniques calculate the radius of the arc trajectory to enter a narrow corridor based on the recognized AR marker position and posture information. Experiments are conducted to guide a robot with a width of 0.55[m] by AR markers to enter a corridor with a width of 0.7[m]. The results confirm the effectiveness of our proposal because the error of the final arrival point is 5.7[mm] from the ideal position.
Tunneling and VPN

Abstract Tunneling is a technique used to transport data packets over a network. The original data packets, with a protocol not supported by the host network, are encapsulated within another packet and then transported through the network. While tunneling is often used in a virtual private network, virtual private network, and tunneling are technically not the same, and there are virtual private networks without tunneling. However, tunneling is essential for securing a remote resource as an integral part of most VPN implementations. Without such encrypted tunnels, the traffic to this remote resource would be unencrypted and potentially taped by a malicious third party.
Confidential Computing

Abstract The goal of confidential computing is to encrypt data in the system’s main memory without sacrificing performance. It protects data in use by performing the computation in a hardware-based trusted execution environment or secure multi-party computation. There are two approaches to protect the data in memory: full system memory encryption and individual virtual machine memory encryption, isolated from the hypervisor. Confidential computing encompasses different use cases across many critical industries. Nevertheless, the maturity of technical solutions must still be deployed at scale.
Quantum Key Distribution

Abstract A new class of computers, so-called quantum computers, will soon be able to crack common encryption algorithms. Quantum key distribution is a promising solution to stay secure in the age of the quantum computer, which is progressively getting industrialized in recent years. Worldwide, point-to-point quantum key distribution links are combined into larger and larger testbed networks, which approach more and more commercially usable networks. Topics like certification and standardization have become increasingly important for quantum key distribution.
Multi-Party Threshold Cryptography

Abstract In a threshold cryptosystem, the private key is typically distributed among parties that constitute the system using cryptographically secure secret sharing. Particular focus must be placed on generating the private key held jointly by the parties. Up to F of the parties might be faulty and leak their key shares, but F + 1 must cooperate in executing a cryptographic operation. Standards for threshold cryptography and the corresponding open-source implementations are expected to emerge because of the multi-year efforts driven by governmental or private-sector standardization agencies. For building secure distributed systems that can survive a partial corruption of their components, multi-party threshold cryptography plays an important role.
Key Management

Abstract Key management describes how cryptographic keys are created, securely stored, distributed to the respective key holders, and used in accordance with protocol specifications. It is thus a cornerstone of most cryptographic systems and must be handled with care. Advances in hardware security modules used in key storage and high-end and low-cost random number generator used in key generation show a promising future for secure and affordable key management. However, future challenges, such as quantum resilience, have to be overcome by new key management systems. For the military, existing experience in handling cryptographic keys could help develop a key management system, and the reputation of Switzerland could help promote key management systems developed in Switzerland.
Secure Operating System

Abstract The operating system is the backbone of every modern computer system, managing the system’s resources and executing applications. Therefore, it is essential to improve operating system security to ensure data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. When discussing secure operating systems, we generally refer to security-focused operating systems and security-evaluated operating systems. In critical environments, such as governments and military systems, that typically have higher security restrictions, security-evaluated operating systems are a convenient option used in other countries, ensuring those systems fulfill a set of security requirements. In addition, a trend toward more hardware security components, especially for separating cryptographic functions and implementing critical operations, has emerged. Although using secure operating systems is not a definitive solution to protect against all the dangers of current cyberspace, it is clear that it can reduce the impact of individual vulnerable applications or modules being exploited on the whole system.
Random Number Generator

Abstract Most modern encryption and authentication methods rely on generating random numbers for key generation, initial vectors, or nonces. A Random Number Generator is cryptographically secure if the sequences of numbers that it generates are unpredictable. They are typically grouped into two categories: Pseudo-Random Number Generators and True Random Number Generators. Small-size, low-cost true Random Number Generators have already been integrated into off-the-shelf devices such as smartphones, computers, and hardware security modules. In addition, applications involving particularly sensitive data can combine the output from two or more independent sources of randomness for improved security.
Secure Messaging

Abstract A message is defined as any piece of information that a person communicates to another individual or group. On the other hand, a secure messaging system protects and secures individuals’ and organizations’ communication infrastructure. End-to-end encryption uses encryption and decryption keys to ensure the privacy of messages and the authenticity of the sender and recipient. Technological advancements, such as cloud-based and blockchain-based platforms, drive growth in the secure messaging market. However, risks like phishing and cyberattacks remain persistent and are projected to continue targeting messages in the future.
Zero-Knowledge Proof

Abstract Zero-knowledge proofs are techniques to verify claims without revealing the information itself. In this process, a “prover” shares proof of their claim with a “verifier,” who then verifies the accuracy of the proof without learning any additional information. It does not prove things with certainty. Instead, the process is repeated as often as needed, eventually reaching near-certainty. Zero-knowledge proofs are still in their early days as open initiatives and standardization efforts involve industry, academia, and technical and non-technical specialist. There are different Zero-knowledge proof systems for different use cases, most of which are either being researched or open-source implementation.
EnviroStream: A Stream Reasoning Benchmark for Environmental and Climate Monitoring

Stream Reasoning (SR) focuses on developing advanced approaches for applying inference to dynamic data streams; it has become increasingly relevant in various application scenarios such as IoT, Smart Cities, Emergency Management, and Healthcare, despite being a relatively new field of research. The current lack of standardized formalisms and benchmarks has been hindering the comparison between different SR approaches. We proposed a new benchmark, called EnviroStream, for evaluating SR systems on weather and environmental data. The benchmark includes queries and datasets of different sizes. We adopted I-DLV-sr, a recently released SR system based on Answer Set Programming, as a baseline for query modelling and experimentation. We also showcased continuous online reasoning via a web application.
An Approach Based on Recurrent Neural Networks and Interactive Visualization to Improve Explainability in AI Systems

This paper investigated the importance of explainability in artificial intelligence models and its application in the context of prediction in Formula (1). A step-by-step analysis was carried out, including collecting and preparing data from previous races, training an AI model to make predictions, and applying explainability techniques in the said model. Two approaches were used: the attention technique, which allowed visualizing the most relevant parts of the input data using heat maps, and the permutation importance technique, which evaluated the relative importance of features. The results revealed that feature length and qualifying performance are crucial variables for position predictions in Formula (1). These findings highlight the relevance of explainability in AI models, not only in Formula (1) but also in other fields and sectors, by ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in AI-based decision making. The results highlight the importance of considering explainability in AI models and provide a practical methodology for its implementation in Formula (1) and other domains.
Adding Perspective to the Bibliometric Mapping Using Bidirected Graph

Abstract Bibliometric mapping offers easiness in analyzing the relationship between publications through the network visuals created. Several applications, such as VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and CiteSpace, make conducting network analysis more convenient. Moreover, the relationship provided is usually in the form of an undirected graph, which negates the two-way relationship created. This study attempts to demonstrate the significance of considering two-way relationships by proposing a keyword network formed using bidirected graphs and association rules to examine the two-way relationship of two or more keywords. According to the proposed bidirected graph, a two-way graph can add value and insight by analyzing the correlation between a single keyword and several others. Two of the four metrics used, Confidence and Conviction, are sufficient to support directed graphs. In contrast, Support and Full Counting are related because they both see the occurrences of a keyword, so using undirected graphs is necessary.