Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Conversational Agents’ Language on Self-efficacy and Summary Writing

This study investigated the impact of conversational agent formality on summary writing and self-efficacy in a conversation-based intelligent tutoring system. Conversational agents guided learners to learn summarization strategies in one of three conditions: a formal language, an informal language, and a mixed language condition. Results showed no significant difference in summary writing gains between groups, but learners in the informal language group achieved higher self-efficacy gains than learners in the formal language group when controlling for demographic attributes, years of English learning, prior perception of summary writing, and prior reading and summary writing proficiency. Results also indicated a negative association between self-efficacy gains and summary writing gains with a marginal significance. Implications are discussed for the design of conversational agents in the ITS.
Bayesian Analysis with Multiple Cases

This chapter illustrates how to apply Bayesian reasoning when analyzing more than one case. The same principles that govern Bayesian updating with multiple pieces of evidence apply to Bayesian inference with multiple cases.
Liability for Autonomous Vehicle Accidents

Secreting a diffuse liability, potentially involving a large chain of actors (the designers and managers of the system, the authority having authorized it, the vehicle manufacturer, the intelligent road network operator and the driver), autonomous circulation defies Liability Law with regard to the requirement to establish a fault or at least accountability. Accordingly, the complex system of algorithms allowing autonomous circulation disrupts these classical mechanisms of liability, which do not appear to be able to meet the contemporary concern of guaranteeing compensation to victims of accidents caused by these vehicles.
Patentability of AI

It is only recently that the EPO’s Boards of Appeal have had to deal with appeals relating to the surge of AI based inventions. In doing so the Boards of Appeal have adopted a gradualist approach, adapting the extensive EPO case law relating to the patentability of computer programs ‘as such’ and applying it to AI inventions. The most recent change to the Guidelines indicates the EPO’s willingness to adapt to technological developments and to refine its approach to patentability of inventions involving AI, while at the same time taking a firm line against patenting non-technical inventions.
Discovering Geology, Discovering Gaia

As I write this, I am 84 years old. When I was 42, precisely halfway through my life so far, my contemporary, the microbial ecologist Wolfgang Krumbein, drew me into the Gaia debate. That was in the autumn of 1979, the moment when Lovelock’s seminal Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth made its appearance. Sadly, Wolfgang passed away a couple of months ago, but that does not alter the fact that both our lives were split in two equal halves, before and after Gaia. Gaia hit me with the strength of a lightning bolt, but unlike lightning, the impulse of Gaia persisted. I have chosen to delve into my own humble story to find out about the reason for this remarkable commitment. Why was I faithful to an idea that most scientists rejected when it appeared on the scene?
Hypotheses and Priors Revisited

This chapter discusses additional considerations pertaining to the hypothesis set, prior probabilities, and Occam factors, which mediate the trade-offs between parsimony and accuracy in Bayesian analysis.
Domestic research trends on multi-cultures among preservice and early childhood teachers Focusing on domestic academic journals

This study was conducted to determine the direction of multicultural research targeting preservice and early childhood teachers by analyzing domestic research trends on multi-cultures among such teachers. From 2012 to 2021, 243 domestic academic journals were analyzed depending on year, research method, and research topic. A total of 177 papers on multi-cultures targeting early childhood teachers were published during the 10 years since 2012, which is three times that of the 62 papers on preservice early childhood teachers. In 2013, multicultural research related to preservice and early childhood teachers accounted for the highest and lowest at 15.4% and 4.5% of the total research in 2017, respectively. Second, in the research trend by research method, the most frequent is quantitative research, with 48(70.6%) of preservice early childhood teachers and 103(55.4%) of early childhood teachers accounting for more than half of all research and qualitative research was used in the following order. Third, in the research trend by research topic, preservice early childhood teachers were the focus of the most research on teacher professionalism with 25(37.9%) studies, and early childhood teachers were the focus in the most research on educational practice with 59(32.6%) papers. Based on the results, the necessity of continuous multicultural research targeting preservice early childhood teachers and the study for various research methods were discussed.&#x0D;
E-mobility will need a different digitalization approach by DSOs, which act as energy transition facilitator: E-REDES RPA use case to agile communication with stakeholders

Self-consumption is one pillar of the Energy Transition, which can be further exponentiated with the mobility transition to the electric vehicle. This article aims to demonstrate that the process automation, between the Portuguese Distribution System Operator (DSO) and the Portugal&apos;s Directorate-General of Energy and Geology (DGEG) that licenses electrical installations, to connect a self-consumption is a critical element that facilitates and encourages self-consumption evolution. Concluding that process automation, together with proactive monitoring and better customer relationship, have led to an exponential increase of selfconsumption production in the last two years.
Social and Emotional Learning as Through the Views of Teachers Applying STEM Apporach in Learning

The development and application of the STEM approach in education is in the focus of contemporary research work. STEM based learning creates premises for problem solving on your own and in a team, managing conflict situations, finding your own place in the team, the skills to express and argue a position, skills for active listening and going deeper into other’s point of view, “outside of the box” thinking. Social and emotional learning in itself is an approach for the creation and the development of competencies in areas such as: self-awareness, decision making, self-respect, social awareness and social skills. The current article presents the results of a conducted research among teachers implementing the STEM approach in their teaching. It is an attempt to establish through reflection and self-reflection an answer to the question to what extent do they think of social and emotional learning as they implement STEM and what social and emotional skills are being developed in both students and teachers through STEM.
Analysis and Research of the angularJS Framework as a Website Development Tool

The growing popularity of web application development is reaching not only developers but also entrepreneurs looking for effective business solutions. The main evaluation criteria when developing a web application are its economic component, complexity of integration, UI, UX, the ability to solve a wide range of tasks, as well as the availability of documentation from the API. Using the framework can speed up and simplify the process of developing web applications. Therefore, the study of the AngularJS framework as a tool for website development and analysis of results is relevant today. To solve this problem, a research program was identified, consisting of the following tasks: review of existing systems for website development using the AngularJS framework; research of the system and libraries for website development by means of the AngularJS framework; defining the capabilities and functionality of AngularJS in accordance with modern requirements in web development. It has been found that some developers think that it is better not to use third-party developments and develop web applications from scratch, while others use frameworks because it greatly simplifies and speeds up development, this technology also reduces duplication of code, simplifies tuning and speed of website development. Using HTML as a template language in Angular.js and directives allow focusing on logic processing and being more productive. They can be reused, which also increases the readability of the code. Parts of the program are located inside Angular.js modules, which are easy to handle. This breakdown allows downloading only the necessary services and performing automatic testing effectively. The work presents an analysis of the AngularJS framework to support the use of full-fledged classes, modular architecture, data binding, components that speed up and simplify program debugging, as well as strong points compared to other frameworks. The work also analyzes the possibilities of developing websites using the AngularJS framework. For this, research and software implementation of various types of websites using the AngularJS framework was carried out. The framework disadvantages and advantages are considered. The analysis results in the justification for the choice of the framework for the development of websites depending on the objectives.
The impact of training on employee performance considering the organisational culture on the Palestinian banking sector

This study begins from the realisation of the need to effectively administer the effect of training on employee performance and the purpose of the study gather the examination of the impact of training on employee performance in banking sector, identify the constraints militating against effective training and to make our recommendations aimed at effective training based on the findings of our research. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data. A quantitative research approach was used, and questionnaires were distributed to 83 randomly selected employees. And the results indicate that training have a significant indirect impact on employee performance through the mediating of the organisational culture 'organisational culture' does not affect the relationship between training and employees performance/productivity. It is worth mentioning that we put all the references that help us in the research even if we used it directly or indirectly.
Information Cascading Using Classification Approach of Link Prediction

Online social organization allows people to share information from diverse locations. In social organizations, information popularity prediction and link prediction are commonly used in recommending new things to clients, fellowship proposals, and detecting deceptive associations. Link prediction is a method for forecasting possible new or incomplete interactions among substances when current network state is available. Furthermore, link prediction, node investigation, and network investigation are all important aspects of social network analysis nowadays. Despite the fact that expectation issues are dependent on a variety of factors, including network structure, node characteristics, and their connections. In order to characterize links, it is necessary to extract underlying features. To extract features in this chapter, we used the node2vec method. We have compared different classes of supervised learning methods based on prediction performance metrics including precision, recall, accuracy, and F-score. Our results on social network data sets show that most well-known classification algorithms (such as decision tree, KNN, random forest, SVM, Naive Bayes, and LightGBM) can predict relationships with outperforming results, but random forest outperforms them all by a small margin in all performance measures.
Deep Learning in Image Classification: Its Evolution, Methods, Challenges and Architectures

Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is used in various applications of image processing and computer vision tasks. The ability of deep neural networks to learn automatically from the given data makes it more acceptable. CNN has the power to exploit the spatial and temporal correlation in the data. In this paper, a comprehensive survey gives insight into various application areas which can be further explored. Further, the work focuses on the challenges/issues with deep networks. The analysis and understanding of possible feasible solutions to the aforementioned objective are also given. It focuses on the use and development of CNN architectures and also provides a detailed structural analysis of various CNN architectures. The present work will help the researcher community to analyze and apply suitable deep learning architecture for the target application.
PWA AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

The article touches upon the actual problem of large time, labor and money costs of business when creating desktop and mobile applications as a means of communication with customers and offers a modern solution in the form of developing a web application based on PWA technology. The authors have considered in detail the historical aspects of the technology, its features, advantages and disadvantages, analyzed real cases of application by large companies. The article is supported by information about the practical experience of creating a progressive application for a real enterprise that needs to organize a channel of interaction with customers.
INTEL-QS QUANTUM COMPUTING

The article is devoted to quantum processors and quantum programming languages. In particular, the features of technical processes and physical principles of operation and creation of the CPU are considered. The possibilities of practical application of the Intel-QS quantum computing language are considered.
GAME THEORY METHODS IN PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The solution of the problem of using natural resources using game theory models is considered. A finite game with three participants is proposed as a mathematical model. Solutions are defined for different principles of optimality. A comparative analysis of the obtained solutions for a dyadic game is given. Information extensions are considered as one of the possibilities to obtain solutions that have the properties of stability and rationality.
SYSTEM DYNAMICS TOOLS FOR SOLVING SOME PROBLEMS OF APPLYING AGILE MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

Using Agile methodology for software development has, along with wellknown advantages over the traditional waterfall model, some serious disadvantages. The risks of dismissal of the most qualified employees due their underload in customer projects are identified. The purpose of the study is to develop such a model for organizing software development processes that will reduce the risk of losing highly qualified personnel. System methodology in terms of system dynamics with the construction of causal loop diagrams was used for that. The fundamental principles of system dynamics are considered as the theoretical basis of the solution. The origin and evolution of the problem of forced downtime and decrease in employee motivation and loyalty are described and shown in dynamics. As a novelty, one can indicate both the identified negative results of the application of flexible methodologies, and the approach to solving this problem described and shown in dynamics. The solution is to virtualize the development team and introduce the role of a proxy specialist. The proposed approach has been partly validated, but further validation and more precise definition of its applicability are required. The results of the study can be used in organizations specializing in custom software development for several customers. The proposed approaches relate to both project management and the organization of company resource management, including practical work with the most valuable (highly qualified and highly motivated) company personnel. Directions for further research on the development of a hybrid model of interaction between project participants, carried out according to the traditional waterfall model and Agile methodology, are determined.
Deepfake Detection using Inception-ResnetV2

Deep learning has benefited us in resolving many complex problems. Computer vision is a subcategory of it. With the ability to find patterns from unstructured data, Deep learning has immense potential. Big techs are very keen on producing a computer with human brain-like decision-making capabilities. With all these sweeter sides comes the bitter side of it. Deepfake is one such occurrence. It creates a mask which contain properties of a particular person and can be applied to some other person. In this way the target is depicted doing deeds which he never did. With the increased capacity of a specific field i.e. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN); now we can create high-quality deepfakes. Deepfakes nowadays can easily deceive human eyes. The consequences of this can be devastating and unforeseeable. Creating chaos, privacy threats are some of the major reasons why people are questioning deepfakes. Victims&#x2019; size has started including common public. What could be done is to keep a check over its spreading. This work has taken into consideration the problems that emerged by deepfakes and proposed a method to detect forgery among videos.
Embedding and Retrieving the Audio File using Audio Steganography

Audio Steganography is a system used to transmit secret data by altering a sound signal in an intangible way. In this approach, the hidden audio is embedded within a cover audio that is the same size as the secret audio. This paper implements audio steganography along with the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method for secure information. Audio information hiding is one of the best methods to secure the message. This paper focused on two phases. The first part gives the steps the minimum significant bits of the carrier signal to place the data, and the next section gives the steps for building-in hidden data. This method contributes to increased concealment and security.
Keeping AI Legal

The chapter addresses the question of how to continue developing artificial intelligence (AI) without challenging and infringing legal norms, principles and values, represented by the current legal frameworks of liberal democratic societies. To answer this question, the chapter first of all briefly deals with the concept of legality (what it means to be legal in the age of disruptive technologies) and then relates it to two specific private law challenges: The first challenge is related to intellectual property law and is represented by the clash between trade secret protection of algorithms and the increasing public need for algorithmic transparency and explicability; the second challenge is related to consumer protection where the questions of liability and the shifting roles of the main stakeholders build the space for discussing who is who in building, developing and using AI.
Analyzing DeepFakes Videos by Face Warping Artifacts

People would now be able to utilize DeepFakes (DFs) innovation to make faked photos and recordings because of the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI). While this innovation has benefits, it additionally has disadvantages; for example, circulating inaccurate data and undermining public interests, as with all advances. Scientists have fostered a scope of various DFs detection calculations to address the damage brought about by counterfeit face recordings, with noteworthy outcomes. The current standard strategy for identifying altered films is to prepare a double arrangement model on genuine and fake recordings, and then, at that point, sort the real and altered recordings using a classifier to separate the valid and bogus recordings. This chapter investigates and looks at the presentation contrasts between the few DFs discovery techniques for Two-stream, HeadPose, MesoNet, visual artifacts, and multi-task to all the more likely evaluate the exhibition variations between different locations strategies.
Teaching attitudes associated with new information and communication technologies in times of the COVID-19 pandemic

The purpose of the research is to determine the relationship between the teaching attitude associated with new information and communication technologies in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, a quantitative, basic approach was applied, with a hypothetical-deductive method, non-experimental design, correlational descriptive. The sample consisted of 105 primary school teachers from UGEL No. 15. The technique applied was a survey through two questionnaires, validation through expert judgment, and reliability was determined with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (0.97). According to the results, it was obtained that the Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient equal to 0.656 and the significance is ρ = 0.01 (ρ &lt; 0.05), so the null hypothesis is rejected and it is accepted that there is a direct relationship between attitude teacher and the use of new information and communication technologies in times of pandemic by COVID-19.