Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Institutions and Economic Growth: Evidence from Ecowas

This study examines institutions and economic growth: evidence from ECOWAS for 2000-2018. We use eight alternative variables to evaluate institutions and economic growth: gross domestic product, gross fixed capital formation, population growth, and foreign direct investment, control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability &amp; absence of violence/terrorism, and rule and law. Then, we adopted the combined OLS model, the fixed effects model, the random effects model, the difference-GMM, and the system-GMM model. The results show that different measures of institutional indicators significantly impact the economic growth of ECOWAS. However, the institution’s quality has nothing to do with the financial results expected by ECOWAS. In most cases, foreign direct investment, gross fixed capital formation, and population growth positively impact the economic development of ECOWAS, while political stability, rule and law, control of corruption, and effectiveness of government harm the economic growth of ECOWAS. Therefore, decision-makers and competent authorities should reduce the organization’s quality through appropriate development strategies such as derivatives.
An Implementation of Online Extensive Reading to Improve Reading Comprehension of Social Work Students

This research aimed at studying the reading skills of finding the main idea of an article, learning new vocabulary, and students’ opinions towards extensive reading through online weekly journals. The sample consisted of 27 third-year students from the Faculty of Social Administration enrolled in English for Social Workers 1 in the first semester of the 2021 academic year. The research instruments consisted of online weekly articles published in reliable online sources, such as the BBC, CNN, and National Geographic, and were relevant to their field of study. The findings showed that (1) students were able to identify the main idea of the written text from reliable online sources based on a topic of interest or field of study. Students could write a summary of the written text to determine the main idea. As for students’ opinions about extensive reading after eight weeks of online reading activities, (2) students were able to read faster and were familiar with reading strategies during the activities. They were capable of reading long articles with new vocabulary and did not have to rely on translation tools.
Network resource management as a database problem

Network resource management, or how bandwidth is allocated to flows, tenants, or applications, is a challenging problem. In this paper, we call for using the database abstraction for network resource management. A database provides simple constructs for supporting complex resource management tasks, such as transactions to support bandwidth reservations on multiple links, virtual tables for restricting the view of tenants in a cloud environment, and many others. To highlight the opportunities and challenges in this space, we present a research agenda around new abstractions and policy languages, the necessary data plane support, and potential for domain specific replication and sharding strategies for the resource management database.
Toward Trustworthy and Responsible Autonomous Drones in Future Smart Cities

Autonomous drones are reaching a level of maturity when they can be deployed in cities to support tasks ranging from medicine or food delivery to environmental monitoring.These operations rely on powerful AI models integrated into the drones.Ensuring these models are robust is essential for operating in cities as any errors in the decisions of the autonomous drones can cause damage to the citizens or the urban infrastructure.We contribute a research vision for trustworthy city-scale deployments of autonomous drones.We highlight current key requirements and challenges that have to be fulfilled for achieving city-scale autonomous drone deployments.In addition, we also analyze the complexity of using XAI methods to monitor drone behavior.We demonstrate this by inducing changes in AI model behavior using data poisoning attacks.Our results demonstrate that XAI methods are sensitive enough to detect the possibility of a data attack, but a combination of multiple XAI methods is better to improve the robustness of the estimation.Our results also suggest A PREPRINT -NOVEMBER 1, 2022 that currently, the reaction time to counter an attack in city-scale deployment is large due to the complexity of the XAI analysis.
Toward Trustworthy and Responsible Autonomous Drones in Future Smart Cities

&lt;p&gt;Autonomous drones are reaching a level of maturity when they can be deployed in cities to support tasks ranging from medicine or food delivery to environmental monitoring. These operations rely on powerful AI models integrated into the drones. Ensuring these models are robust is essential for operating in cities as any errors in the decisions of the autonomous drones can cause damage to the citizens or the urban infrastructure. We contribute a research vision for trustworthy city-scale deployments of autonomous drones. We highlight current key requirements and challenges that have to be fulfilled for achieving city-scale autonomous drone deployments. In addition, we also analyze the complexity of using XAI methods to monitor drone behavior. We demonstrate this by inducing changes in AI model behavior using data poisoning attacks. Our results demonstrate that XAI methods are sensitive enough to detect the possibility of a data attack, but a combination of multiple XAI methods is better to improve the robustness of the estimation. Our results also suggest that currently, the reaction time to counter an attack in city-scale deployment is large due to the complexity of the XAI analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Digital Curricular Transformation and Fourth Industrial Revolution 4.0 (4IR): Deepening Divides or Building Bridges

As the COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to a standstill, many traditional contact higher education institutions, such as the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), embraced the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) to pursue their mandates. Such transitions necessitate transforming existing curricula into digitised versions that infuse digital technologies into programme delivery and embed digital learning experiences students need to thrive in the 4IR workplace. However, two years into online education, the extent to which the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) curriculum in the School of Education (SoE) at UKZN integrates digital technologies in programme offerings remain largely uncertain. This article therefore aims to ascertain how the B.Ed curriculum of the SoE has been digitally transformed to support the production of teachers who are prepared for the 4IR classroom. It further explores whether or not the digital curriculum transformation of the B.Ed curriculum deepens the existing digital divide amongst students or builds bridges for digital learning. Stufflebeam’s context, input, process, and product (CIPP) model was relied upon to appreciate students’ digital learning experiences through a qualitative content review of twelve curriculum templates and moderation reports. The findings suggested varied learning experiences of content and digital skills for students who engaged with the digital B.Ed curriculum while pointing to a possible epistemological limitation for some students due the contextual digital divide. Insights from this article will be helpful to academics and the institution in their quest to produce graduates for the 4IR classroom while making a timeous contribution to the scholarship of teaching and learning to enhance sustainable post-COVID-19 pedagogical practices. Keywords: Digital transformation, 4IR classroom, Digitalised curriculum, Digital divide.
Image Steganography of convolutional neural network based on neural architecture search

Abstract Recent studies show that the performance of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) applied to Steganography is better than that of traditional methods. We propose NAS-Stego to solve the problem of static network structure of the model in steganography algorithm based on deep learning. Different from the existing steganography algorithm based on deep learning, NAS-Stego uses a controller which is a LSTM[18] to generate the architecture of the encoder. We use reinforcement learning and Monte Carlo to train that controller. We have conducted experiments on BOSSBase dataset, and the results show that NAS-Stego has achieved better performance. We use steganalysis analyzer StegExpose to test the anti-steganalysis capability of NAS-Stego, the experiments show that NAS-Stego has achieved good performance.
Message from the Editor-in-Chief and from the Associate Editor-in-Chief

Welcome to the November 2022 issue of the IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG). This issue contains selected papers accepted at the IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). The conference took place in Singapore from October 17-22,2022 in hybrid mode.
Message from the ISMAR 2022 Science and Technology Journal Program Chairs and TVCG Guest Editors

In this special issue of IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), we are pleased to present the journal papers from the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2022), which will be held as a hybrid conference between October 17 and 21, 2022 in Singapore. ISMAR continues the over twenty year long tradition of IWAR, ISMR, and ISAR, and is the premier conference for Mixed and Augmented Reality in the world.
Migration of heavy metals in water ecosystems (using the example of the Belaya River in the North-Western Caucasus)

The results of the study of the content, spatial distribution and transformation of Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and Cu in the system of benthal deposits of the Belaya River are presented. The results obtained were compared with the background concentrations of metals, which allow us to estimate the anthropogenic component. It has been established that discharges from industries cause increased concentrations of metals in benthal deposits in certain areas of the Belaya River basin.
The Role of Training in Children's Art School in Fostering Psychological Wellbeing

The study addresses psychological features underlying healthy functioning of the individual and his/her successful management of stressful and tense situations. To study the role of training in children’s art school (CAS) in the formation of the given psychological features the authors conducted a comparative analysis of persons with full-time course of education in CAS and persons without such experience. The sample consisting of 257 participants was divided into three groups of comparison. The measures used in the study included the Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing (adapted by T. D. Shevelkova and T. P. Fesenko), Maddi’s Hardiness Survey (modified by E. N. Osin and E. I. Rasskazova), and a questionnaire. The data were processed with the help of Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and SPSS 20.0.&#x0D; The results have shown that the respondents with full-time training in CAS have higher indicators of psychological wellbeing and resilience. They are more aware of their value, integrity and meaningfulness of being, and have a more pronounced resource for coping with difficult, stressful situations. All these characteristics reflect the realm of experiences and states inherent in a healthy individual who is successful in his or her realization.&#x0D; The findings have revealed that even an incomplete course of studying in CAS creates the conditions for shaping personality wellbeing and resilience – features necessary for the person to combat stress and tension and function efficiently.
The Implementation of Substitution Drill in Teaching Simple Present Tense

The study aimed to find out the effectiveness of substitution drill in teaching simple present tense. This study discussed about the treatment given for the language ability especially in Simple Present Tense. The method is used quantitative research. The data collection technique in this study used pre - test and post - test. The subject is 32 eighth grade students. In the process of English learning, the problem came up in grammar part, especially for simple present tense. Students have difficulty in this teaching learning process. It was caused many students are studying at home due to the COVID-19 disease. These teaching and learning activities have been carried out online, making the activities indirectly felt monotonous, getting bored and even stressed by the online learning situation. Students are increasingly lacking enthusiasm for learning because they found difficulties to understand the material explained by the teacher. Then, students may experience decreased motivation to study at home, because it is difficult to focus while studying online. As the result and conclusion of this study, that substitution drill was an effective technique, it could improve students’ ability in learning simple present tense.
The Use of Songs in Teaching Online Listerning Class : A Descriptive Qualitative Research

This study aims to find out the use of songs as a media in teaching listening skill in the online classroom. The descriptive qualitative research design was conducted in grade seven of middle school which involved 23 students as the participants. This study used three types of data collection techniques including observation, questionnaire and interview. The results of data analysis show that by using songs in online listening class could facilitate the students in improving their listening skill, especially in improving their vocabulary and pronunciation. Furthermore, the results of the interview show that the students feel enjoy while studying through songs. The students agreed that the use of songs in online class can help them to improve their listening skill. Due to the limitation of the study, it is recommended for every teacher who wants to use songs in online class to fully select the appropriate songs for students. Despite the need for further study, songs can be used as a media in teaching online listening class to EFL learners.
The Impact of Pupil-Teacher Ratio on Performance in Mastering Reading, Writing and Arithmetic Competencies in Morogoro Municipality. A Case Study of Standard Four Pupils in Primary Schools

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) on academic performance in mastering reading, writing, and arithmetic competencies in public primary schools in Morogoro Municipality. The study targeted 62 public primary schools in the municipality, in which a total of 5 schools were sampled for the study. A descriptive survey design was used as the research design for the study. Interviews and documentary reviews were used in collecting data for the study. Interviews were conducted with the municipal primary education officer in charge, all head teachers, and all standard four teachers. Documentary reviews were done on Standard Four National Assessment and analysis reports and documents concerning the number of teachers and pupils in sampled schools. Piloting study of the research instruments was conducted prior to the actual data collection to determine the validity and reliability of the tools. The data collected were analysed descriptively. The finding of this study revealed that PTR significantly influences the performance of pupils in standard four-nation assessments and in mastering reading, writing, and arithmetic competencies. The study recommended that all education sector stakeholders pay adequate attention to PTR since it affects the performance of pupils in primary schools. The study recommended the government employ more teachers to lower PTR and ease teacher workload. Also, the government through the MoEST and PO-RALG should undertake a balancing of employed teachers throughout the country to ensure equity in teacher distribution thus bringing down PTR in those schools which have high PTR and reducing teachers in those schools that have been overstaffed. Furthermore, the government should review education acts to empower head teachers to admit pupils on the basis of PTR in the respective schools
Quantization and Pipelined Hardware Implementation of Deep Neural Network Models

In recent years, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have garnered much interest due to advances in computational power and data availability.Indeed, DNNs presents a considerable advantage in several challenges, such as classification problems and video analysis.Although, such accomplishment leads to significantly increasing energy demands, computational expenses, and memory capacity.In addition, current efficient DNNs may have more complex and extensive structures.As a result, implementing these huge models on embedded systems with limited sources is challenging.However, several works have attempted to solve the implementation issues while maintaining optimum accuracy.Among these ideas is compressing the model size using the quantization method and deploying it on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) to enhance the latency and minimize the energy cost.This article presents a model optimizer using quantization methods to ensure the model hardware implementation.This optimizer compresses the model size and is integrated with a design flow that implements the model on the hardware.Furthermore, this article presents "DNN2FPGA," a design flow that can automatically implement the Deep Learning models on FPGA by producing pipelined HDL codes.This article indicates an excellent performance by decreasing the model's size and latency by 4x while maintaining the model's accuracy.It also presents a full review of the state of the art.
Exploring the Challenges Faced by the Bachelor’s level Students in Reading English Textbooks

Reading textbooks written in second or foreign language is considered more challenging than written in reader’s mother tongue. If the textbooks are written considering the level of the students, they read and comprehend the texts without extra effort. With this in mind, the study tries to explore the challenges faced by the bachelor level second year students while reading the textbook ‘Readings for the New Horizons’. The participants of this descriptive phenomenological study consisted of 15 students studying specialization English in Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) second year. I employed purposive sampling to select the participants and unstructured interview to collect the data. The collected data was transcribed and thematized and findings of the study were presented and analyzed employing descriptive techniques of qualitative data analysis. The findings revealed that students consider unfamiliar words as the major challenge followed by length of the reading texts, less proficient in English, sentence structure, content included in the textbook, number of lessons or reading texts incorporated in the textbook and lack of reading habits. The teachers need to involve students in intensive reading to overcome the challenges and to develop the habit of reading texts written in second language.
Competency Framework for research data services in Norwegian libraries

“Competency framework for research data services in Norwegian academic libraries” was a one-year project run by the Norwegian Node in the Research Data Alliance with funding from the Norwegian National Library. We present the results from this project. A competency framework defines a set of knowledge and skills needed to develop professionally within a given domain (Rivera-Ibarra et al., 2010). By defining the knowledge needs related to data management in libraries, the project helps to make it easier for institutions to identify the need for skills development. Furthermore, a competence framework can function as a basis for designing educational programmes. Extensive work has been done internationally to define and describe the skills needed to deliver good services in research data management. This competence framework was not intended to duplicate previous work, but rather to describe and refer to good international documents and reports in the field. In addition, we have conducted a full-day workshop with 40 participants from relevant institutions in the sector. Input from the workshop has helped to describe the Norwegian context and factors that apply in this country, which are not highlighted in the international work. We envision the library's role in the work with data management as a hub or filter for the requirements and needs of funders, publishers, and researchers, respectively, which are resolved by further connection to other resources, persons and infrastructure while simultaneously recognizing that the library is a driving force for development work in the field. This approach is deliberately library-centric, in that the library and the coordinating role that the academic libraries usually have is put in the centre. At some institutions, this work may be organized differently, but both in Norway and internationally, the most common model for research data management is for the library to be fully or partially responsible for the field (LIBER, 2020; Swiatek et al., 2020). Some of the key challenges we have identified are that in order to provide support one must have a very wide range of skills while recognizing that it is impossible for one person to know everything. We also see that a majority of those who work with research data management in Norwegian academic libraries have data management as one of several responsibilities. This makes it even more relevant to facilitate collaboration and draw on expertise from others in order to provide good services to the researchers at the institution. When we describe the various types of competence needed to work with data management, it is not with the expectation that a single person will know all this. By making visible the wide range of knowledge needed, we want to make it easier to put into words what competence one has, what competence one wants to acquire in one’s own organization, and what needs to be brought in externally. Here there will be differences in the way in which universities and colleges prioritize.
Blending Moodle and Closed Facebook Group in Interdisciplinary Reading Course: A Collaborative Action Research

Learning management system has been an innovative practice in Nepalese higher education to foster interaction and keep track of day-to-day teaching-learning activities. This article explores using technology applications: Moodle and closed Facebook group in face-to-face class for promoting participation in an interdisciplinary reading course and to find out students’ perception in blending Moodle in face-to-face class. The research study was mainly based on collaborative action research. The primary sources of data were collected from the use of Moodle as learning management system. The students of four intact classes (consists 120 students) were selected purposively under department of English Education, University Campus, Kirtipur. The systematically collected narratives and observation have been analyzed and interpreted descriptively. This study found that the basic tutorials in using technology is prerequisite for the students in using the basics of moodle, email log and the ways to interact on reading text in Moodle platform as a part of pre-instructional activity. Many students felt that they come from remote area, have studied in the technology outreached area, cannot explore the resources, and feel hesitation in exploring the technological tools. In addition, the use of resources in the Moodle and blend of closed Facebook group was found to be highly motivating and resourceful for both the low- level learners and high-level readers in assisting resources.