Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Indian Sign Language Recognition Using Surf Feature Extraction and MDAE for Patient Disability Discussion

A hand sign for a disabled patient is a useful tool for human-to-human communication that can be used for a variety of purposes. They are frequently utilised by speech-impaired people around the world for communication since they are a natural form of engagement. In actuality, this group makes up around 1% of the Indian population. To enable easy communication among the signer and non-signer communities, an effective sign language recognition system (SLRS) can identify sign language motions. This research proposes a deep learning-based SLRS for classification that is computer vision-based. A sample of Auslan (Australian Sign Language (ASL)) signs is included in the dataset. Using top-notch position trackers, 27 examples of each of the 95 Auslan signs were recorded by a native signer. However, films captured Indian Sign Language (ISL) was filmed utilising numerous signs. Three individuals submitted 26 letters (A–Z) and 10 numbers (0–9). Few background removal techniques were performed on the samples and various skin color segmentation process was done. Third, a brand-new and reliable model for classifying ISL motions has been suggested utilising the mutation denoising autoencoder (MDAE). ISL and ASL datasets are publicly available and have been used to measure the effectiveness of the proposed system. In terms of measures like precision, recall, F1-Score, and accuracy, the proposed system is contrasted with well-known computer vision algorithms like the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Enhanced Convolution Neural Network (ECNN), and DAE. Python has been used to implement and test these categorisation techniques.
Joint Protection Scheme for Deep Neural Network Hardware Accelerators and Models

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are utilized in numerous image processing, object detection, and video analysis tasks and need to be implemented using hardware accelerators to achieve practical speed. Logic locking is one of the most popular methods for preventing chip counterfeiting. Nevertheless, existing logic-locking schemes need to sacrifice the number of input patterns leading to wrong output under incorrect keys to resist the powerful satisfiability (SAT)-attack. Furthermore, the DNN model inference is fault tolerant. Hence, using a wrong key for those SAT-resistant logic-locking schemes may not affect the accuracy of DNNs. This makes the previous SAT-resistant logic-locking scheme ineffective on protecting DNN accelerators. Besides, to prevent DNN models from being illegally used, the models need to be obfuscated by the designers before they are provided to end-users. Previous obfuscation methods either require a long time to retrain the model or leak information about the model. This article proposes a joint protection scheme for DNN hardware accelerators and models. The DNN accelerator is modified using a hardware key (Hkey) and a model key (Mkey). Different from previous logic locking, the Hkey, which is used to protect the accelerator, does not affect the output when it is wrong. As a result, the SAT attack can be effectively resisted. On the other hand, a wrong Hkey leads to substantial increase in memory accesses, inference time, and energy consumption and makes the accelerator unusable. A correct Mkey can recover the DNN model that is obfuscated by the proposed method. Compared to previous model obfuscation schemes, our proposed method avoids model retraining and does not leak model information.
Clinical Intelligence for Cloud Services Resource Scheduling Using RNN

One of the main problems with cloud computing is resource scheduling; the scheduling technique and policy have a direct impact on the system’s performance. In recent years, cloud computing has provided high-performance computing capacity, which serves as a reminder to cloud providers to fully utilize their resources due to resource limitations as well as clinical intelligence. In the cloud, ideal resource management is vital and carrying out the workload prediction is a crucial step. The workload of a venture is processed for a long time and then can be expected primarily based on its past workload. While it is possible to predict the workloads of lengthy-walking obligations found totally at the seasonality in their historic workloads, it is hard for jobs that do not have such recurring workload styles. In this paper, we recall a specific solution for venture workload prediction. Instead of using the ancient workload of a mission to predict the future workload of the equal task, we use the understanding of approximately the workloads of a pool of research to assist the workloads of new commitments. A sensible workload factoring service has been designed as the core of this hybrid cloud computing model for proactive workload control. It permits the federation of on-premise and stale-premise infrastructures for web-based Internet-based applications. The intelligence is inside the specific separation of aggressive workloads that make up the software workload. This paper develops a clustering and mastering-based approach to comprehend this concept. First, the workloads of current obligations are grouped into a couple of clusters. Then, RNNs are used to study the traits of the workloads of every set. The intelligent workload factoring service’s core technology is a fast, frequent data item detection algorithm, which enables factoring incoming requests not only on volume but also on data content in response to changing application data popularity.
A Dynamic Blockchain-Based Mutual Authenticating Identity Management System for Next-Generation Network

In the blockchain-based identity management system (B-IMS) of the next-generation network, mutual authentication is encouraged to be performed between service providers (SP) and user equipment (UE), because SP tend to provide services directly to UE independently from network operator (NO), comparing with traditional B-IMS. As static asymmetric cryptographic keys and append-only ledger data are adopted by most of the B-IMS, the reliability of the system cannot meet the requirements of the next-generation network as static data are less difficult to crack and obtain. Moreover, the storage pressure on blockchain nodes might be stressful due to the exponential increase in the ledger data. Motivated by the circumstances presented above, we propose a dynamic B-IMS which features mutual authentication between SP and UE, where dynamic cryptographic key generation and dynamic chameleon hash key are introduced to strengthen the reliability of the system. We designed a rigorous simulation model and simulated the risk scores of the system and the size of the ledger over runtime respectively. The simulation results confirm the achievability and feasibility of the proposed system.
Cross-Drone Transformer Network for Robust Single Object Tracking

Drones have been widely used in a variety of applications, e.g., aerial photography and military security, because of their high maneuverability and broad views compared with fixed cameras. Multi-drone tracking systems can provide rich information about targets by collecting complementary video clips from different views, especially when targets are occluded or disappear in some views. However, it is challenging to handle cross-drone information interaction and multi-drone information fusion in multi-drone visual tracking. Recently, Transformer has shown significant advantages in automatically modeling the correlation between templates and search regions for visual tracking. To leverage its potential in multi-drone tracking, we propose a novel cross-drone Transformer network (TransMDOT) for visual object tracking tasks. The self-attention mechanism is used to automatically capture the correlation between multiple templates and the corresponding search region to achieve multi-drone feature fusion. During the tracking process, a cross-drone mapping mechanism is proposed by using the surrounding information of the drone with promising tracking status as reference, assisting drones that lost targets to re-calibrate, which implements real-time cross-drone information interaction. As the existing multi-drone evaluation metrics only consider spatial information while ignore temporal information, we further present a system perception index (SPFI) that combines both temporal and spatial information to evaluate the tracking status of multiple drones. Experiments on the MDOT dataset prove that TransMDOT greatly surpasses the state-of-the-art methods in both single-drone performance and multi-drone system fusion performance. Our code will be available on <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/cgjacklin/transmdot</uri> .
A Taxonomy of Blockchain Incentive Vulnerabilities for Networked Intelligent Systems

This article presents a taxonomy of incentive vulnerabilities that can affect public and consortium blockchain-based networked intelligent systems. The taxonomy aims to help researchers and developers better understand the related threats and design more secure systems. To this end, the proposed taxonomy is grounded in a generic multi-agent organizational model for blockchain systems (AGR4BS) and establishes a relationship between the vulnerabilities and the dedicated agent roles. We expressed the vulnerabilities as behavior deviations and classified them according to the roles and behaviors identified in AGR4BS to form the categories and refine the subcategories of the taxonomy. The proposed taxonomy is novel and distinctively different from other taxonomies found in the literature.
Phoenix: A Live Upgradable Blockchain Client

Blockchain is an important supporting technology for various sustainable systems. It relies on a number of distributed nodes running blockchain client software, which is responsible for some critical tasks, such as communicating with other nodes and generating new blocks. However, the quick evolution of blockchain technology brings crucial challenges to blockchain client design. After carefully examining existing blockchain client software, we have identified a critical weakness: Blockchain clients are weak in supporting live upgrades, resulting in a blockchain fork that incurs security concerns and risks. In this article, we propose Phoenix, a novel blockchain client design that is live upgradable. Phoenix uses blockchain service encapsulation to decouple blockchain services. Based on service encapsulation, we propose a live upgrade scheme that packs upgrade codes into blockchain transactions and uses a Just-In-Time engine to avoid service interruption. A parallel execution engine is developed to increase service efficiency. We evaluated Phoenix on a 51-node blockchain, and experimental results show that Phoenix outperforms existing solutions in overhead and upgrade latency.
Solving Rearrangement Puzzles Using Path Defragmentation in Factored State Spaces

Rearrangement puzzles are variations of rearrangement problems in which the elements of a problem are potentially logically linked together. To efficiently solve such puzzles, we develop a motion planning approach based on a new state space that is logically <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">factored</i> , integrating the capabilities of the robot through factors of simultaneously manipulatable joints of an object. Based on this factored state space, we propose less-actions RRT (LA-RRT), a planner which optimizes for a low number of actions to solve a puzzle. At the core of our approach lies a new path defragmentation method, which rearranges and optimizes consecutive edges to minimize action cost. We solve six rearrangement scenarios with a Fetch robot, involving planar table puzzles and an escape room scenario. LA-RRT significantly outperforms the next best asymptotically-optimal planner by 4.01 to 6.58 times improvement in final action cost.
Audio for extended realities: A case study informed exposition

An area of immersive storytelling in rapid evolution is that of extended reality. This emergent mode of experience employs spatial mapping, and both plane and object detection to superimpose computer-generated images in the volumetric context of a physical space via a head-mounted display. This in turn produces a unique set of challenges and opportunities for associated audio implementation and aesthetics. Creative development of this audio is often a function of evolving toolsets, and the associated workflow is far from standardized. This paper forms a context for such audio workflow, one that draws from precursor technologies such as audio for games and virtual reality and develops this into an outline taxonomy that is both representative of the state of the art, and forward facing towards evolution of the technology stack. The context is framed through a series of case studies. Between 2019 and 2021, BBC and Oculus TV commissioned Alchemy Immersive and Atlantic Productions to produce virtual reality and mixed reality experiences of several classic documentary series by Sir David Attenborough: Museum Alive, Micro Monsters, First Life VR, Museum Alive AR and Kingdom of Plants. This portfolio received numerous award nominations and prizes, including from the Raindance Festival and a double Emmy. The sound design, audio postproduction and spatial audio for these experiences were implemented by the company 1.618 Digital, and drawing from first-hand-creator involvement, the workflows are deconstructed and explored with reference to tools, technologies, techniques and perception. Such an exposition forms the basis for an analysis of both this and broader creative practice in the field of audio for extended reality, and this is subsequently used to present a speculative vision of audio in the future of immersive storytelling.
Step-by-step formation of mental actions when teaching programming for schoolchildren

The use of a set of tasks developed in accordance with the basic provisions of the theory of step-by-step formation of mental actions in teaching programming to schoolchildren makes it possible to improve the quality of learning. At the first stage of the discovery of the algorithm, it is advisable to offer students a set of tasks and questions that will contribute to the independent identification of the orientation basis of the action. The tasks for filling in the trace table for specific numeric data correspond to the stage of the materialized action. At the stage of forming an action in external speech, students can be offered exercises to work with the formulation of the algorithm; for this, you can use tasks "with omissions" in the verbal description of the algorithm, tasks to establish the correspondence of the verbal description of the algorithm and the lines of the program code. The translation of the action into external speech "to yourself" will be facilitated by tasks to find an error in solving the problem, filling in a gap in the program code. To automate the described mental action, it is necessary for schoolchildren to perform a sufficient number of standard tasks for writing a program. To further develop the skill of applying the algorithm, it is necessary to use tasks in which this algorithm is one of the solution stages.
Electronic structure of the atom in virtual reality: integrated lesson of chemistry and informatics

The article discusses the possibilities of using virtual reality systems in an informatics lesson in conjunction with such a discipline as chemistry. It substantiates the conduct of an integrated lesson in chemistry and informatics. The lesson on the theme "Electronic structure of the atom in virtual reality" is given. At the motivational-target stage of the lesson, such methodological techniques as "Quoting the statements of famous people" and "Photography" are used. At the stage of knowledge actualization, repetition of information about the virtual reality system was organized; how to properly put on a virtual reality helmet and controllers; the basic safety rules for being in virtual reality are discussed. Also at this stage, students repeat information about the structure of atoms. At the stage of learning new material, the purpose and interface of the Abelana's Atom Maker VR virtual reality application, which is involved in the integrated lesson, are described. At the stage of primary consolidation, tasks in chemistry are proposed, which should be implemented in the virtual reality application Abelana's Atom Maker VR. Reflection of educational activity is carried out using the "10 opinions" technique. Homework includes watching a video on the basis of which a similar task formulated by the teacher is performed.
Numerical spirals: research and programming

The article describes an example of teaching schoolchildren computer modeling using software and graphical tools of the Scratch environment and the PascalABC.NET programming system. It is noted that the technique of master classes in the work of a programming circle cannot be considered complete if it does not contain an element of evidence and scientific character, and also does not include the student's independent thinking. An example of combined classes in entertaining mathematics and programming is offered, conducted according to the scheme: 1) the study of a mathematical object — some numerical sequences; 2) visualization of the sequence by building on paper according to a certain algorithm; 3) mathematical proof of the closedness or openness of the obtained numerical snakes; 4) developing a computer model using a programming language. The article provides various examples of programs for schoolchildren of different ages and different levels of training. The code given in the article is short, understandable and easily modified, which allows it to be used as a basis for further research. The conclusions are drawn that solving mathematical problems with the help of programming tools makes it possible to combine gaming activities with educational ones and introduce an element of science into the work of a kids club.
Transceiver Designs Approaching the Entanglement-Assisted Communication Capacity

Preshared entanglement can significantly boost communication rates in the high thermal-noise and low-brightness transmitter regime. In this regime, for a lossy bosonic channel with additive thermal noise, the ratio between the entanglement-assisted capacity and the Holevo capacity---the maximum reliable communication rate permitted by quantum mechanics without any preshared entanglement---scales as $\mathrm{log}﻿(1/{\overline{N}}_{S})$, where the mean transmitted photon number per mode, ${\overline{N}}_{S}\ensuremath{\ll}1$. Thus, preshared entanglement, e.g., distributed by the quantum internet or a satellite-assisted quantum link, promises to significantly improve low-power radio-frequency communications. In this paper, we propose a pair of structured quantum transceiver designs that leverage continuous-variable preshared entanglement (generated, e.g., from a down-conversion source), binary phase modulation, and non-Gaussian joint detection over a codeword block, to achieve this scaling law of capacity enhancement. Furthermore, we describe a modification to the aforesaid receiver using a frontend that uses sum-frequency generation sandwiched with dynamically programmable in-line two-mode squeezers, and a receiver backend that takes full advantage of the output of the receiver's frontend by employing a nondestructive multimode vacuum-or-not measurement to achieve the entanglement-assisted classical communication capacity.
The informatics lesson in the system-activity approach on the theme "Elements of the algebra of logic"

The article presents the lesson of the "Elements of the algebra of logic" section of the informatics course for the 8th grade. The content of the lesson corresponds to the teaching materials on informatics by L. L. Bosova, A. Yu. Bosova. The lesson is created in accordance with the system-activity approach, which allows you to effectively form the concepts and skills of students. The educational objectives of the lesson are: the formation of the concept of "statement", ideas about the types of statements; familiarity with logical operations and the priority of their execution; formation of skills of formalization of logical expressions; mastering the method of constructing truth tables. To conduct a lesson in accordance with the system-activity approach, it is recommended to organize independent cognitive activity of students in the lesson. In this regard, the lesson involves various forms of organizing the work of students: frontal, individual, group. Such teaching methods as heuristic conversation, work with supporting notes, problem solving and others are used.
Using a digit grid when studying theme "Number systems"

The information richness of the informatics course of the basic school makes you pay attention to the possibility for introducing the theme "Number systems" to students at the propaedeutic stage. The use in the fifth or sixth grades of the concept of a detailed form for recording a number to justify the studied algorithms, is impossible for obvious reasons. At this stage of training, you can arrange student actions using a digit grid, which allows you to include the concept of positionality in the orientation basis of actions with numbers in different number systems from the very beginning. The transition from work with a bit grid to the traditional design of algorithms is reasonable to be carried out in three stages. At the first stage, students are offered to operate with numbers in various number systems in a digit grid, replacing q units of the current digit with one unit of the next bit and vice versa. At the second stage, the correspondence between the actions performed at the first stage and the division (multiplication) operations is established, the digit grid is still used to mediate mental actions. At the third stage, the visual use of the bit scheme is refused, students move on to the traditional design of algorithms for actions with numbers in various number systems. For each of the stages, the article provides tasks and questions for organizing frontal solution.
Business Strategy and Cybersecurity Breaches

ABSTRACT This study examines whether a firm’s business strategy is an underlying determinant of cybersecurity breach likelihood. Based on organizational theory, firm strategy can focus on innovation or efficiency, with innovative strategy firms being more likely to have weaker, decentralized control systems, multiple technologies, and greater risk than firms with an efficiency-focused strategy. Following the Miles and Snow (1978) strategy topology, we predict and find that the prospector business strategy is associated with greater breach likelihood. We further explore IT awareness within the firm. Ex ante, it is unclear whether strategic IT policy formation is impounded into a firm’s strategy or can be impacted by individual executives and nonstrategy firm characteristics. We find that IT understanding at the executive or firm level can affect the relationship between strategy and breach likelihood. Collectively, our results indicate that business strategy is a useful indicator in evaluating firms’ cybersecurity activities.