Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
6 Decision system for bone disease diagnosis using crisp rule set theory

This chapter presents an intelligent system for bone disease diagnosis developed using a rule-based system. This system simulates a patient’s consultation with a doctor. The patient is presented with a questionnaire interrogating the symptoms, which are further used to analyze the bone disease. The objective of the work is to identify a suspected bone disease according to the user’s response regarding the symptoms and to impart them with relevant information that further helps in consultation with a doctor. This interactive system is designed in such a way that it doesn’t require any medical expertise to use it. The advantage of a decision system as an aid to reducing the complexity of bone disease diagnosis is understood and an expert system has been developed accordingly. The algorithm, the information sources used to develop the knowledge base, the number and kind of diseases under consideration, the source of the specimen, and the source of the diagnosis are mentioned in this chapter. The key features of the system include assessment of responses to diagnose a suspected disease, simulating a doctor’s consultation, presenting personalized questions based on previous responses, and providing self-help measures and home remedies.
5 Libya

This chapter summarizes the information available about the (former) sociolinguistic setting of Italian in Libya in the context of the former Italian colonization of Libya and its aftermath. Hardly any information is available about specific linguistic features of the language of Italian expatriates or the Italian formerly spoken by native Arab speakers in Libya. However, Italian continues to play a strong role in the Libyan- Arabic lexicon (in realms such as cuisine, household items, mechanics, sports, and fashion), and interesting phonological phenomena can be observed in this context.
What Makes a Good Requirement?

Now that you understand why you need requirements and what happens if you do them improperly, you must begin in earnest to learn what makes a good requirement. First, you must understand the fundamentals of a good requirement, including the proper form of a requirement and how to handle negatives within a requirement statement. The bulk of this chapter will address the attributes that make a good requirement. Then I will finish with how to deal with common errors in requirement statements.
Lists of Items and the Order of Steps and Data Elements

Chapter 2 stated you define your requirement down to the atomic level. So does that mean you have only one value in each shall statement? The answer is no. As with most things in life, and requirements definition, it depends. Examining the following examples will help you determine when a list within a requirement will work, vs. just a list of requirements. Experience working requirements will help you judge as you see what works one way vs. the other. Another situation where lists of items occur is in the specifications of messages, which you will examine here. Then we look at lists of requirements that have a sequence or order associated with them. Finally, you will examine the order of data elements.
The Importance of Requirements

Writing requirements is the most crucial aspect of systems engineering (SE). In this book, you will learn the best way to accomplish this. You will explore the requirements world, you will use the best tools, and you will learn to employ these tools. This book is intended for those of you who consider yourselves as beginners or maybe advancing to an intermediate level. You will acquire a good foundation that you can use throughout your career. Even if you never plan to write a requirement, use case, or user story yourself, you will learn what a good requirements engineer will do for you. Think about it. As a project manager, you need to know the capability of everyone on your team. Requirements are the most important part, as you will soon learn. Get it wrong, and you will have problems—significant problems. You will be exposed to the most likely problems and how to prevent them.
Functional Requirements

Now that you understand the attributes of a good requirement, you will consider the different types of requirements. Why do you care about the different types of requirements? “Shouldn’t I just start collecting and writing them?” Interesting question. How will you know where to start? More importantly, how will you know when to stop? What are the different types or categories of requirements that will help you know when you have captured all you need?
Agile Software Development: A Quick Start Guide

A recent tweet of mine seemed to get a lot of traction, so I decided to revisit an article from a few years ago, updated for today’s software development needs.
Fix Mistaken Git Commits

Recently one of my development teams had a merge problem. For version control, they use a modified form of GitFlow ( ), and it was time to merge from the develop branch to the release branch. If things are done correctly, this should always be a clean, simple merge. It is especially true in this case because it was their first release for a new project. The team opened a pull request from develop to release and then reported to me that GitHub was reporting merge conflicts. Huh? How is that possible? The release branch should be empty. Except that it wasn’t.
RG-Based (k, n)-Threshold Visual Cryptography with Abilities of OR and XOR Decryption

A (k, n) visual cryptography (VCS) is used to build a system for secret sharing. The system divides a secret image (S) into n shares and recovers S by stacking shares bigger than or equal to k, while shares below k provide no information about S. The fundamental idea of VCS is that, rather than relying on mathematical or cryptographic skills, human vision can be used to decrypt the secret image. Typically, a Boolean OR operation can be used to indicate the stacking action in a VCS. The reconstructed secret image gradually darkens as more shares are stacked. However, this intractable issue can be overcome by designing an XOR-based VCS that uses the Boolean XOR operator rather than the OR operation. This indicates that by using the XOR-based VCS, higher image quality can be attained. Because the XOR operation requires the use of additional equipment, scholars consider that when no equipment is available, the traditional OR operation can still be used to reveal the secret images. That is, the secret image can be decrypted without a computing device by stacking enough shares, and if a lightweight computing device is available, a better-quality image can be produced via an XOR operation. In 2015, an RG-based (k, n) VCS to restore the secret image by using an OR or XOR operation was proposed. In this study, we improve the scheme and design a new (k, n) VCS, called (k, n) 2D_VCS to encrypt a secret image into n shares. The secret image can be recovered when k or more shares are gathered and stacked (OR operation) together or when an XOR procedure is utilized. Both the theoretical proof and experimental results show that the quality of the restored image obtained by our method is better than that of the previous methods.
Object-Oriented Approach: Applying ISO 21001 at Vietnamese Higher Education Institutions

To evaluate whether an educational institution has quality or not, requires standards that reflect all the requirements of the complex relationships operating within the educational institution. At the same time, this standard must be recognized by all nations for it to apply widely. It is in this context that the ISO 21001:2018 series of standards was published. This standard mentioned three areas of activities that an educational organization must pay attention to: training, scientific research, and community service. They are also the main activities that the educational accreditation standards refer to. To meet the requirement of quality guarantee and enhancement, a higher education institution has to apply quality assurance norms in general and quality criteria on management systems. Putting the ISO 21001 quality standard into practice is the choice of Vietnamese educational institutions to ensure they meet the requirements for improving management system quality. There are a set of quality system standards for educational organizations to satisfy their specific needs. Not following the traditional approach as they apply other ISO standard systems, Vietnamese educational institutions have chosen an object-base approach, where the beneficiaries are related to the management system of the university. They then approach the PDCA cycle to build and implement an ISO 21001 quality management system. We found that, according to this orientation, the implementation processes might be ensured given that the quality thresholds set by the university are met in order to satisfy the demands of the learners and related stakeholders. The paper aims to analyze the approach of Vietnamese educational institutions in implementing ISO 21001 standards, and at the same time identify advantages and disadvantages in developing policies in the quality management system at educational institutions. The paper also gives recommendations that can be adjusted by management at other higher education institutions to improve quality assurance activities towards sustainable development.&#x0D; Keywords: ISO 21001:2018, quality assurance, quality management system, PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act), sustainable development
Unlocking the Story: Piloting Interviews to Illuminate the Journey of Indigenous Chicken Micro-farming

Qualitative interviews provide invaluable insights into human experiences, but they can be challenging, especially for novice researchers. Therefore, conducting a preliminary study becomes crucial to refine interview techniques and improve the overall research process. The present study focuses on the importance of a preliminary study in understanding indigenous chicken micro-farming and aims to gain insights into the interview process and associated issues before conducting a full-scale study. This study represents the first attempt, to the best of our knowledge, to pilot interviews before conducting a comprehensive investigation in the context of indigenous chicken micro-farming. It highlights the methods employed in designing and conducting the preliminary study, as well as the valuable lessons learned throughout the process. The interviews were conducted with indigenous chicken micro-farmers as part of the preparation for a dissertation centered on developing an integrated supply chain model for indigenous chicken in Malaysia. Additionally, this study outlines the modifications made based on the preliminary study for the main study, which subsequently led to the implementation of a pilot study. These adaptations include changes to the interview guide, adjustments in vocabulary to enhance participant understanding, rephrasing of certain questions, and the addition of more interview questions to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issues related to indigenous chicken operations. This study underscores the significance of a preliminary study and its role in informing and shaping the subsequent main study. The findings and insights derived from this preliminary investigation contribute to the development of a robust research design for the main study in indigenous chicken micro-farming.&#x0D; Keywords: indigenous chicken, preliminary study, pilot study
U structured network with three encoding paths for breast tumor segmentation

Breast ultrasound segmentation remains challenging because of the blurred boundaries, irregular shapes, and the presence of shadowing and speckle noise. The majority of approaches stack convolutional layers to extract advanced semantic information, which makes it difficult to handle multiscale issues. To address those issues, we propose a three-path U-structure network (TPUNet) that consists of a three-path encoder and an attention-based feature fusion block (AFF Block). Specifically, instead of simply stacking convolutional layers, we design a three-path encoder to capture multiscale features through three independent encoding paths. Additionally, we design an attention-based feature fusion block to weight and fuse feature maps in spatial and channel dimensions. The AFF Block encourages different paths to compete with each other in order to synthesize more salient feature maps. We also investigate a hybrid loss function for reducing false negative regions and refining the boundary segmentation, as well as the deep supervision to guide different paths to capture the effective features under the corresponding receptive field sizes. According to experimental findings, our proposed TPUNet achieves more excellent results in terms of quantitative analysis and visual quality than other rival approaches.
7 The Swedish suffix -is and its place within evaluative morphology

In colloquial Swedish, -is suffixation is a productive derivational process. The suffix -is has many diminutive-like properties (e.g., -is combines with truncated bases or bases of different lexical classes). As its main use is not to convey smallness but rather a subjective, qualitative evaluation, the present study addresses -is suffixation within evaluative morphology theory. Based on corpus-data from social media texts, +500 -is words (types) are analyzed for formation pattern, lexical class, and gender. The majority of -is words are uter gender nouns, mostly referring to animate referents, a few have neuter gender, mostly referring to inanimates, and some are adjectives, adverbs, or interjections. Semantically, some -is words are homonymous or polysemous. The study holds that there are different, more or less regular subpatterns of -is suffixation. It also suggests that -is suffixation might be on its way to becoming regularized towards forming nouns with uter gender and animate referents. However, as new and old words on -is exist side by side in contemporary language, -is words lie on a continuum, with regular morphological subpatterns at one end and irregular formations at the other.
Imperative sentences and their subjects

This paper aims to examine the nature of imperatives in BP, specifically focusing on the subject of imperatives. The paper’s analysis begins by presenting examples of imperative sentences in BP and highlighting the consistent behaviour of imperatives, where the speaker issues an order to the listener to perform a specific action. It is emphasized that imperatives always require an addressee, someone present in the communicative scene. Although, we introduce the concept of indexical items, which are necessary for interpreting imperatives. The use of quantifiers such as “Everybody” and “Nobody” is also shown to function as second-person indexicals in imperatives. This discussion leads to questions about the structure and syntactic restrictions that allow for the subject in imperatives. The paper is divided into several sections. First, the different forms and functions of imperatives are surveyed. Then, a distinction is made between canonical forms and imperative phrases. Minimalism’s approach is explored to discuss the subject of imperatives and its specificities, including the proposal of a functional head called JussiveP. The proposed syntactic structure of imperatives and the nature and position of the subjects are examined, along with the relevance of the JussiveP head. The paper emphasizes the need to consider specific traits when analysing imperatives and suggest some mandatory adjustments. In conclusion, the paper summarizes the main findings and highlights the importance of studying imperatives in BP, shedding light on their syntactic properties and the role of the subject in these sentences.
Ethical Leadership in the Context of Organizing Pedagogical Communication of a Teacher

The article examines various aspects of ethical leadership, an important element of pedagogical activity that improves the interaction between teachers and students, forms positive interpersonal relationships, and has a significant impact on the effectiveness of student learning and development. It has been established that insufficient awareness of ethical principles by teachers can lead to various problems in the educational process, as well as negatively affect the promotion of students’ academic achievement. The styles, evaluation criteria and aspects of ethical leadership that penetrate all spheres of life and serve as an important factor in self-improvement, justice and responsibility of the individual have been defined. The principles of development of ethical leadership qualities of teachers have been substantiated, the various methods and conditions of their formation, that are related to the processes of self-organization and self-development, have been experimentally tested. The importance of developing leadership qualities in the pedagogical communication of secondary school teachers has been emphasized.
Model of Forming Soft Skills of Primary School Students in the Lessons of Integrated Course «I Explore the World»

The article is devoted to the issue of soft skills formation in primary school students. Cross-cutting skills of primary school students are considered as a multifaceted ability aimed at the student’s socialization. It includes psychological, cognitive, intellectual and communicative interaction for the purpose of managing one’s own educational and professional activities; awareness and appreciation of the interdependence of people and systems in the global world. An author’s model of forming the researched quality of primary school students in the lessons of integrated course «I Explore the World» has been developed and theoretically substantiated. The model consists of three interconnected blocks: methodological-objective, content-activity, and assessment-result. For the blocks of this model theoretical justification has been provided, their content has been disclosed. The purpose, approaches, principles, content, organizational forms, technologies, methods, and resources that ensure the functioning of the presented model have been identified. Components, criteria, and levels of forming soft skills of primary school students in the lessons of integrated course «I Explore the World» have been identified. Emphasis has been placed on the fact that the model of forming soft skills of primary school students in the lessons of integrated course «I Explore the World» is holistic, as all its elements are interconnected.
Potential Benefits and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence Technology Used in Oracle-Bone Studies

This paper discusses the potential benefits and limitations of AI technologies employed in oracle-bone studies. The first section introduces the author’s relationship with Generative AI in educational and scholarly contexts, and the rationale for choosing this topic. It also provides a detailed description of the AI tool (ChatGPT) and the prompts used to create the article. The second section is the article entirely generated by ChatGPT on the AI technologies employed in oracle-bone studies. The last section is a critical reflection on the process of generating the article with ChatGPT. It includes an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of AI-generated articles, emphasizing their implications for scholarship and learning. Scholars must develop a discerning awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of AI. The primary role of human educators in education should not be diminished, and the secondary role of technology, no matter how sophisticated it becomes, should not be overstated.
Deploying generative AI to draft a roleplay simulation of difficult conversations about inclusivity

Within inclusivity change initiatives, conversations around microaggressions are a key element in seeking behavioural change. This exemplar use of GenAI is focused on authoring a conversational role play simulation. Prompts draw on the extensive literature of microaggressions. The underlying scenario is a podcast where the author and chatbot co-design the role play. The study involved a novice in GenAI simultaneously learning prompt engineering which would generate realistic role played conversation. A core finding was that GenAI can produce a conversational style realistic enough to deploy in higher education inclusivity workshops, and whose subject matter content is satisfactory. The chatbot proposed four benefits of a role play simulation, which are drawn on to frame the critical reflection. An important conclusion was that the GenAI process could valuably facilitate shifting from a subject expert academic being sole author, to co-design involving both those with experience of microaggressions, as well as potential staff and student workshop participants.
MENTAL STATE, VOLITION AND ARGUMENT REALIZATION

We explore argument realization in the resultative V-de construction under the framework of the Theta System. We find that the theta grids of the resultative V- de construction are of two types, i.e., ([+c-m], [-c]) and ([+cm], [-m]), depending on the (a-)thematic relation between the verb and second/internal argument. Crucially, the external argument always has a /- m feature (the minus value of the mental state), regardless of its animacy, leading to a non-volitional Agent reading (animate) and a Cause reading (inanimate). It is due to this [+c-m] feature cluster that the construction yields an unintended result reading, which captures its preference for the occurrence of dou ‘unexpectedly’ in the construction. In this sense, the resultative V- de construction can be considered as a non-volitional counterpart to its de -less counterpart. This contrast signals the grammatical/morphological coding of volition, with the assistance of de , in Mandarin Chinese. As for the internal argument, it can be either [-c] or [-m], and their syntactic and semantic differences lend credence to the distinction between “outer objects” and “outermost objects”. The syntactic distribution of [-c] is sensitive to animacy, with animate [-c] being allowed to in both [NP1 V- de NP2 XP] and [NP1 ba-NP2 V-de XP], and inanimate [-c] in [NP1 ba -NP2 V- de XP] only, due to the interactions between animacy and case. As for [-m], it occurs in [NP1 V- de NP2 XP], in which NP2 is not thematically related to V and ba -introduction is barred. This study enriches the Theta System with Chinese data, in special regard to how animacy, mental state, and volition may affect argument realization.