Photonic Quantum Technologies

Advanced Quantum TechnologiesVolume 3, Issue 2 2000007 Editorial Photonic Quantum Technologies Mohamed Benyoucef, Mohamed Benyoucef m.benyoucef@physik.uni-kassel.de Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics (INA), Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology(CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorAnthony Bennett, Anthony Bennett School of Engineering, University of Cardiff, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorStephan Götzinger, Stephan Götzinger Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorChao-Yang Lu, Chao-Yang Lu Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Mohamed Benyoucef, Mohamed Benyoucef m.benyoucef@physik.uni-kassel.de Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics (INA), Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology(CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorAnthony Bennett, Anthony Bennett School of Engineering, University of Cardiff, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorStephan Götzinger, Stephan Götzinger Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorChao-Yang Lu, Chao-Yang Lu Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 February 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/qute.202000007Citations: 1AboutSectionsPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Photons are very promising resources for the whole field of quantum information processing. Bulk optics are currently not suitable for the realization of complex quantum optical schemes due to several drawbacks. The ongoing miniaturization of photonic structures due to the availability of sophisticated nanofabrication has provided huge opportunities for physical research of novel phenomena in nanophotonic systems and quantum technological applications. These include quantum information processing such as quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum metrology, and quantum sensing. Quantum communication is already quite advanced with several quantum key distribution (QKD) systems commercially available offering absolute security. Photonic quantum technologies are enabling breakthroughs in experimental tests of quantum physics and are close to practical applications of quantum technologies in imaging, secure communications, ultrasensitive metrology and quantum computing. There are several advantages to encoding a quantum bit onto a photon: the preparation and manipulation of single photons is easy, and the photonic qubit is a natural candidate for quantum imaging and communications. Furthermore, the qubit can be encoded in various degrees of freedom such as on the position, phase, time-bin, energy, angular momentum, polarization of the photon—or a combination of these. This flexibility leads to enormous opportunities for scientific exploration and in practical applications. This special issue on “Photonic Quantum Technologies” presents selected papers on photonic quantum systems from leading groups in the world. The articles represent a flavor of the cutting-edge research that is going on in this area. The studied material systems range from molecules to semiconductor quantum emitters. A major challenge is the design of telecom photon emitters with high efficiency, good yield, spectral purity, stability and the possibility of mass manufacture. The topics addressed include hybrid integration of single-photon emitters, cavity QED and light–matter interactions at nanoscale, on-chip integration of entangled photon sources, and incorporating color centers into nanophotonic structures. Fabrication of suspended converters, single-photon emission at the telecom wavelength, molecule based single-photon sources, quantum emitter–plasmonic cavity coupling, vertically coupled quantum dot (QD) systems and optomechanical coupling are also discussed. Short highlights of the articles are summarized below: - A hybrid integration method based on the evanescent coupling of a nanowire-single QD by deterministically placing a III-V nanowire containing a single QD on top of a silicon-based ridge waveguide is proposed and demonstrated.1 - A partial thickness modulation on 2D slab photonic crystal (PhC) cavities is investigated to improve the nonlocal interactions with multiple separated emitters. A cratered cavity mode shows a doubled nonlocal interaction strength.2 - The latest progress of photonic-based QD devices is reviewed3 with an emphasis on the growth methods, optical excitation, strain tuning, and frequency conversion techniques. - The possibility to control single-photon propagation by an atomic vapor manipulated by an external magnetic field is investigated.4 This study shows that single-photons can be routed via their interaction with an atomic medium. - The latest results in the preparation of quantum photonic sources, such as the chip-scale integration of high-dimensional entangled photon sources and multiphoton sources are reported.5 - A theorical study of a fully controllable polaritonic network of a fixed geometry by spatially varying dissipation is presented.6 The work shows how to engineer a lattice of nonequilibrium condensates with a pairwise control of classical spin interactions. - Micropillars containing fluorescent conjugated polymers are characterized using real-space and Fourier-space imaging.7 This work represents a step toward the development of new types of electrically driven light sources. - A review on recent progress on group-IV split vacancy colour centres in diamond is presented.8 The possibility of incorporating these colour centres into nanophotonic structures for efficient coupling between matter and photonic qubits is discussed. - Controlling the light delay in hybrid solid-state atom system with deterministically fabricated QD single-photon source was explored.9 The results highlight the potential of light–matter interaction in a dilute cesium vapor to control the propagation of single photons. - A theoretical investigation of the exciton–phonon and exciton–cavity interactions for a driven QD using different excitation schemes is presented.10 Therein, the role of exciton–phonon decoupling due to strong pulse interactions is also investigated. - The first implementation of a phase estimation algorithm on a qudit-based photonic platform by encoding two qutrits in a single photon is reported,11 utilizing the high dimensionality in time and frequency degrees of freedom. - A method to fabricate suspended converters to expand the optical spot size of a single-mode GaAs waveguide is developed,12 where a highly efficient optical spot-size converter for end-face coupling of single photons is reported. - A novel approach for the non-invasive and instantaneous control of few-level systems through the application of an external pump field to tune the phase between incoming and emitted signal was proposed and investigated.13 - Pure triggered single-photon emission from InP-based QDs operating around the telecom C-band window is demonstrated.14 Such bright single-photon emitters pave the way toward practical implementation in fiber-based quantum communication schemes. - Single photons from a single molecule are used to calibrate a single-photon avalanche photodiode. The single-photon stream is linked to a national radiometric standard via an analog Si detector calibrated through an unbroken traceability chain.15 - Nanobeam PhC cavities on SiO2 substrates in the visible wavelength for the coupling of nanoscale emitters to photonic integrated circuits are designed and fabricated.16 - Recent work in the field of self-assembled InAs/GaAs coupled quantum dots (CQDs) is reviewed.17 The work focuses on highlighting aspects where CQDs provide a unique advantage with an emphasis on results relevant to photonic quantum technologies. - New experiments using tip-enhanced strong coupling to optimize the coupling strength between a plasmonic cavity and a single quantum emitter is described.18 This work demonstrates a new methodology for optimization of plasmonic cavities. - Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two solid-state quantum emitter systems is demonstrated.19 The spin-based magnetic sensing capabilities of NV centers are conserved in the presence of FRET. This result can be seen as first step multifunctional sensors. - Optomechanical coupling of single GaAs/(Al)GaAs QDs to the phononic modes of suspended nanophononic strings is studied.20 The results represent an important step toward the creation of large-scale optomechanical circuits interfacing single QDs. - The effects of interference on one-particle states in the Creutz ladder is studied.21 The authors also present a scheme for the photonic implementation of a two-particle bosonic Creutz-Hubbard model. - An overview of numerical methods to calculate topological invariants emerging from the propagation of light in PhCs is summarized in a tutorial.22 Examples of different phases are shown and the main characteristics of each phase are explained. We believe that this Special Issue will provide an overview of recent exciting developments in the field of photonic quantum technologies, serving to keep researchers up-to-date with the latest progress and spurring on new concepts in this field. References 1K. Mnaymneh et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900021. 2C. J. Qian et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900024. 3T. M. Zhao et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900034. 4J. Maisch et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900057. 5L.-T. Feng et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900058. 6K. P. Kalinin, N. G. Berloff, Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900065. 7F. L. Al-Jashaam et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900067. 8D. Chen et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900069. 9L. Bremer et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900071. 10C. Gustin, S. Hughes, Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900073. 11H.-H. Lu et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900074. 12A. D. Uğurlu et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900076. 13K. Barkemeyer et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900078. 14A. Musiał et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900082. 15P. Lombardi et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900083. 16J. Olthaus et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900084. 17C. Jennings et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900085. 18M. A. May et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900087. 19R. Nelz et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900088. 20A. Vogele et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900102. 21J. Zurita et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900105. 22M. Blanco de Paz et al., Adv. Quantum Technol. 2020, 3, 1900117. Volume3, Issue2Special Issue: Photonic Quantum TechnologiesFebruary 20202000007 ReferencesRelatedInformation