Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Linguistic Intelligence as a Base for Computing Reasoning

From ancient times a vocal Language was an interesting tool for interchanging thoughts, the outcomes of person’s reasoning. But it also is an encoding of sets of deep information clues about the internal and external environment of the individual. The exact nature of the reasoning performed by humans is not yet fully understood. This chapter revisits part of the author’s research effort to envision how human reasoning would be technically evaluated, parameterized, and reapplied to other contexts. This chapter considers language processing as a tool for reasoning understanding. The approach to do this is not classical semantics but an exploration of alternate combinations of Morphosyntactics, Berwick’s verbal behavior, entropy, and fractals. Along the way, several useful tools emerge to assess and evaluate the reasoning dynamics and the information flow through diverse language pragmatics. One of those outcomes is revisited here: Morphosyntactic Linguistic Wavelets (MLW). From the author’s perspective, there is still a long road to follow. Many pending questions must be answered before being able to overcome the issue of mimicking natural language. She is currently working on a theory based on Computational Intelligence that may explain the reasoning process behind language communication.
The Case for Disregarding Entity Shielding

One of the fundamental characteristics of a corporation is its legal personality. As a legal person, a corporation holds a pool of assets separated from those of its shareholders, which is referred to by scholars as “entity shielding.” Courts in the United States, however, have created doctrines that restrict or even disregard entity shielding. These doctrines include successor liability, reverse piercing of the corporate veil, and substantive consolidation. Currently, the application of these doctrines remains uncertain and may evolve in different directions.Building on the law and economics theory of asset partitioning, this article posits that entity shielding incurs both costs and benefits and should be restricted when its social costs outweigh the benefits. It further identifies four major factors that should be considered in determining whether to restrict or disregard entity shielding: whether the debtor transfers substantially all of its assets to a new corporation, the financial independence of the corporation from its shareholders and other sibling corporations, the number of investors in the new corporation, and the identity of the creditors. The important factors identified in this article offer important implications for the development of the relevant doctrines.
WikiServe: Using Wikipedia to Match IoT based Services for Situation Response

A large number of smart devices are being deployed with the swift development of Internet of Things (IoT). These devices, owned by different organizations, have a wide variety of services to offer. During a natural disaster, relevant IoT services can be extremely useful. However, appropriate service matching methods are required to find the relevant services. Organizations that manage situation responses and organizations that provide IoT services are likely to be independent of each other, therefore it is difficult for them to adopt a common ontological model to facilitate the service matching. In this paper, we address this problem and propose a new approach called WikiServe to identify IoT services that are functionally relevant to a given situation. Using concepts or terms from situation and service descriptions, WikiServe employs Wikipedia as a knowledge source to bridge the conceptual gap between situation and service descriptions and match functionally relevant IoT services. WikiServe performs better than a Word2Vec based method in terms of Precision and Recall for service matching.
Automatic assessment of adherence of terms and conditions of web service-based process

In general, web service-based processes (WSBP) are distributed and composed of one or more WSBP called component web services (CWS) which are developed and controlled by third parties. Hence, the functional and quality guarantee terms made with the WSBP provider and client depends on the correctness of all CWSs involved. A run-time, dynamic and non-intrusive approach for compliance assessment is highly essential. This article proposes a functional and quality guarantee terms specification mechanism between the WSBP provider and client. The conformance verification of execution traces of WSBP against the guarantee terms specification is enabled by translating these specifications to automata. A compiler is designed to automate the process of translation of these automatons into executable C programs. These auto-generated C programs monitor the WSBP and CWS interactions to detect violation of functional guarantee terms or validation of quality related guarantee terms at run-time of WSBP.
Research on Kill Chain Analysis Method Based on Template-Bayesian Network

As the whole process of attacking the enemy, kill chain plays an important role in system warfare of modern war. Starting with situation assessment, in order to solve the problems of strong data dependence, poor real-time performance and accuracy of Bayesian network situation assessment method based on template matching, this paper proposes a strike chain analysis method based on template Bayesian network. This method uses the template matching reasoning results to modify the Bayesian reasoning results, and uses the Bayesian network reasoning results to compensate the composite events in the template. It has excellent performance in real-time and accuracy.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FRACTAL DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN CEREBELLUM: IMPACT OF IMAGE PREPROCESSING AND FRACTAL ANALYSIS METHODS.

The aim: To compare the values of the fractal dimensions of human cerebellum obtained using different algorithms of image preprocessing and different methods of fractal analysis.Materials and methods: The study involved 120 people without structural changes in the brain (age 18-86 years, 55 men and 65 women). T1- and T2-weighted MR brain images were studied. Fractal analysis was performed using box counting and pixel dilatation methods. Fractal dimensions of cerebellar tissue as a whole, cerebellar cortex and its individual layers, cerebellar white matter were measured and compared to each other and to fractal dimension of cerebellar white matter determined in cadaveric cerebella.Results: It was no significant difference between fractal dimension values of cerebellar tissue as a whole measured on T1 and T2 weighted magnetic resonance images of cerebellum, and fractal dimension values measured on the same images using different methods of fractal analysis - pixel dilatation and box counting. T2 weighted images are preferable for fractal analysis of different components of cerebellar tissue. Segmentation according to pixel luminance is the preferable image preprocessing method for fractal analysis of cerebellar cortex as a whole, individual cortical layers and cerebellar tissue as a whole; skeletonizing of cerebellar magnetic resonance images is the preferable method of the image preprocessing for fractal analysis of cerebellar white matter.Conclusions: The algorithm of image preprocessing, magnetic resonance imaging sequence and method of fractal analysis should be chosen according to aim of quantitative study of cerebellar magnetic resonance images and features of the studied structure of cerebellum.
RESEARCH NEEDS DOCTORAL PHD PROGRAM "INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES"

There is a growing need for the development of IT education and the training of high-quality IT specialists in context of the digital transformation of Kyrgyzstan. There are all the prerequisites for enhancing the training of highly qualified scientific personnel and their stimulation to scientific and innovative activities. A study of the need for PhD doctoral studies from employers of the Institute of New Information Technologies for educational program "Information Systems and Processes" was carried out in order to introduce and improve the quality of doctoral programs in accordance with the needs of stakeholders. An important criterion for ensuring the quality of personnel training is the interaction of educational and research organizations with each other, with business structures and government agencies in updating educational programs. The information from the questionnaires was used as the initial data for the analysis and assessment of needs. The questionnaire was developed using the Google Form application.
On the teaching mode of the integration of teaching and learning of Higher Mathematics in the network era

In the information age with the rapid development of science and technology, college teachers are committed to studying how to make full use of the Internet to carry out teaching, but most of them focus on Teachers' teaching, but ignore students' learning. Teachers' teaching is for students to learn better. In order to highlight students' dominant position and improve students' desire for exploration and application ability of mathematical knowledge, this paper starts with teachers' teaching and students' learning, breaks the teaching mode of separating conventional teaching, relies on Internet technology, optimizes teaching content, enriches teaching forms, selects teaching tools Perfecting the evaluation mechanism and constructing a new model of teaching learning integration of higher mathematics; At the same time, the computer software MATLAB and dynamic mathematics software geogebra are fully used in the classroom, which makes the teaching content more intuitive, easier for students to understand, and effectively improves students' learning interest.
Implementasi Kebijakan Proses Perencanaan dan Penganggaran pada Biro Sistem Informasi, Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan

This study aims to determine and analyze the Implementation of Planning and Budgeting Process Policies at the Information Systems Bureau, Planning and Development of the University of North Sumatra Medan and to find out what factors are the obstacles / obstacles in the Implementation of the Planning and Budgeting Process Policy at the Bureau of Information Systems, Planning and Development, University of North Sumatra Medan. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with research informants being the Head of Bureau, Head of Section, Head of Subdivision and Staff at the Bureau of Information Systems, Planning and Development, University of North Sumatra, Medan. The theory used is George C Edward III's public policy theory. The results of this study indicate that the Planning and Budgeting Process Policy Implementation at the Information Systems, Planning and Development Bureau has been implemented but has not achieved optimal results. The success of policy implementation needs to be supported by the authority and SOP for Planning and Budgeting at the Information Systems, Planning and Development Bureau at USU Medan. The factors that influence the Implementation of Planning and Budgeting Policies at the Bureau of Information Systems, Planning and Development of the University of North Sumatra are communication, disposition, resources, and bureaucratic structure. Good communication distribution and good coordination between leadership and staff are needed in order to produce a good implementation, therefore it is recommended to issue a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for planning and budgeting process policies in order to provide optimal results in the planning and budgeting process.
Research on Mongolian-Chinese Neural Machine Translation Based on CSGAN and Co-training

Abstract Aiming at the problems of poor translation quality and scarcity of Mongolian-Chinese parallel corpus resources in Mongolian-Chinese neural machine translation, this paper proposes a method based on conditional sequence of generative adversarial networks (CSGAN) and collaborative training. This method uses the CSGAN network based on adversarial training to train the translation model and obtains a better translation. At the same time, in order to make full use of the existing corpus resources, a collaborative training method is adopted on the basis of the above translation model to integrate the translation into the translation results of the high-resource corpus, and further improve the performance of Mongolian-Chinese machine translation. By comparing the BLEU values of different translation models, it is shown that using CSGAN-based and collaborative training methods can significantly improve the quality of Mongolian-Chinese translation models.
PCA-based comprehensive evaluation of student exam scores in independent colleges and universities

Using four-year exam scores of Class 2018 students majoring in business administration in an independent college as a case study, the paper performed a comprehensive evaluation of the students based on principal component analysis (PCA) and application of MATLAB. In addition, the paper also compares the ranking based on PCA with the ranking gained through the average score method. It is found that the PCA method is more reasonable and more in line with the academic goals of independent colleges and universities.
A COMPUTER-ASSISTED AUTOMATED APPORACH FOR OPTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF COLORECTAL POLYPS INCLUDING SERRATED ADENOMAS – THE CASSANDRA STUDY

Aims Computer-assisted models (CAM) aim to differntiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps based on their optical features. However, differentiation of serrated adenomas (SA) from hyperplastic polyps (HP) and adenomas (AD) is still challenging. We aspired to develop a CAM for automated polyp classification between said polyp classes.
Learning Base R (2nd edition)

This article contains book reviews of Measuring Abundance (2020) by Graham Upton, What are the chances? (2021) by Barbara Blatchley, and the second edition of Learning Base R (2021) by Lawrence M. Leemis.
Enhancing declarative concept application: The utility of examples as primary targets of learning.

Declarative concepts are abstract concepts denoted by key terms and short definitions that can be applied in a variety of scenarios (e.g., positive reinforcement in psychology; Rawson et al., 2015). One common learning goal for declarative concepts is to instill knowledge that students can use to support the application of content in novel scenarios. Given theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence from related literatures, one promising approach for supporting declarative concept application is learning examples. The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the utility of using examples as primary targets of learning for declarative concept application. In two experiments, participants read a textbook passage that included the definition and an example of 10 declarative concepts. Participants then learned the target material by recalling either the definition or the example of each concept. Across both experiments, declarative concept application was greater following practice focused on learning examples versus definitions. Results suggest that using this strategy may be an effective technique for supporting the application of definitions, which are foundational to many introductory courses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Gender Differences in the Use of Lexical Features in Text Messaging of Pakistani Students

This research intends to discover gender differences in the usage of linguistic features in text messages by Pakistani students. Herring's approach to Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis is used as the backbone of this research. In this qualitative research, a sample of 100 university students was selected. The sample provided a corpus of 300 text messages. Content analysis was used for coding and classification of the data, whereas descriptive statistics were used to find out percentages and frequencies. The data was classified as the messages sent by the males and those by females. Lexical features are classified as contraction, letter and number homophones, and initialism. Male students use more contractions, initial-isms and clippings while female students use letter and number homophones more than the male students do. This study is important in terms of genderlects and their differences.
Construction of digital economy sharing model based on blockchain

The sharing economy model based on blockchain technology can hand over user data and market data to users and communities. Based on obtaining the consent of users, anyone can use the shared data to create useful products and services to build a new business model and continuously upgrade the user experience in the competition. Due to the imperfection of the trading system, the non-standard trading mode, the uncontrolled trading process, and the digital economic value sold are easy to be damaged. The quality of the digital economy purchased is difficult to guarantee. This paper adopts the decentralized transaction mechanism of asymmetric encryption algorithm, the two-way anonymity mechanism of hash encryption algorithm, the Ownership Authentication Mechanism Based on digital signature algorithm, the data confidentiality mechanism of data encryption technology and interface communication, and the fraud control mechanism based on qualification authentication to realize the point-to-point transaction of the digital economy. It provides a safe and reliable transaction environment for both parties of the digital economy transactions as well as a security guarantee for realizing the value of the digital economy.
Cost-Efficient Framework for Mobile Video Streaming using Multi-Path TCP

Video streaming has become one of the most popular applications for mobile devices.The network bandwidth required for video streaming continues to exponentially increase as video quality increases and the user base grows.Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), which allows devices to communicate simultaneously through multiple network interfaces, is one of the solutions for providing robust and reliable streaming of such high-definition video.However, mobile video streaming over MPTCP raises new concerns, e.g., power consumption and cellular data usage, since mobile device resources are constrained, and users prefer to minimize such costs.In this work, we propose a mobile video streaming framework over MPTCP (mDASH) to reduce the costs of energy and cellular data usage while preserving feasible streaming quality.Our evaluation results show that by utilizing knowledge about video behavior, mDASH can reduce energy consumption by up to around 20%, and cellular usage by 15% points, with minimal quality degradation.
Distance educational technologies in the organization of independent work of students

The organization of independent work of students in the process of studying professional modules in the specialty 23.02.01 “Organization of transportation and transport management (by type)” with the help of electronic training courses is considered. Educational institutions determine the forms and requirements for the organization and control of independent work of students in an educational organization. These requirements are developed and approved in the form of regulations or guidelines for organizing independent work. Teachers of the Primorsky Institute of Railway Transport are actively using an automated distance education system using the LMS Moodle virtual environment. The platform provides a space for collaboration between teachers and students. In Moodle, various options are available for assessing student performance, the results of independent work, for example, learning new material, testing. Describes the use of course elements such as “Lecture”, “Assignment”, “Glossary”, “Seminar”, “Test”. The analysis of the features of independent work of students of Primorsky Institute of Railway Transport in the distance learning system, as well as methods of its control, was carried out. A lot of work has been done at Primorsky Institute of Railway Transport to create electronic teaching aids widely used in the educational process and place them in the electronic educational environment of the institute. The main value of methodical electronic educational resources is the availability for students of all forms of education subscribed to this training course.
Research on classification algorithm of commodity short text based on CNN

With the development and popularization of the Internet and the rapid development of e-commerce platforms, resulting in a huge amount of commodity short text. Research on short text classification of commodities is of great significance to commodity circulation, consumer behavior research and advertising push. This paper takes the commodity short text data set as the object, and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm based on deep learning is used to construct the classification model. Experimental results show that CNN algorithm is better than traditional machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes(NB), K Nearest Neighbor(KNN) and Support Vector Machine(SVM)) in commodity short text classification.
Image Cryptography Based On A Second-Order QRT Difference Equation

The use of mathematical concepts of mapping in cryptography provides advantages in securing text or image data. The qualitative properties of mapping can preserve data that is kept confidential. Two of the essential properties in the mapping are the reversible and the preserving area. In this article, besides constructing a linear mapping derived from a second-order QRT difference equation and examining its qualitative properties, the coding procedure is used to encrypt text and fractal images based on the two-dimensional linear maps. For the digital text and image security algorithms, we developed the pseudo code algorithm implemented in Mathematica®. The proposed encoding technique will be compared with a 2D mKdV linear map to demonstrate its efficacy.
The current state and development trends of education systems in Russia and China during the coronavirus pandemic

This article examines changes in the economic and managerial relations in education under pandemical conditions. The authors aimed to identify the key problems that arose after national governments introduced restrictive measures and there was a transition from traditional to distance learning. Also, the authors proposed recommendations for ensuring universal access to education as a prerequisite for sustainable economic growth. The methodological basis was the provisions of the public goods and human capital theories. These theories consider education as a public good and an area of human capital accumulation. The authors concluded that the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic decreased the quality of human capital and created prerequisites for introducing innovative education technologies. Furthermore, the authors established that the universal right to high-quality education with innovative technologies is a key condition for ensuring sustainable economic growth.
Blockchain and Its Integration with the Internet of Things: Applications and Challenges

Internet of Things (IoT) permits different objects to connect with each other and transfer information so that the physical world will get converted into a vast information system. Current solutions in IoT are based upon centralized client-server architecture provided by cloud servers. This centralized client-server architecture requires highly efficient servers and is proved unsuitable in situations in which objects want to exchange services autonomously with data privacy, security, and mutual trust. The exponential growth rate of IoT warrants those new models need to be put forward. This chapter presents the role of blockchain in designing blockchain-based IoT framework having resilience, adaptability, fault-tolerance, security, privacy, trust, and reduced maintenance cost. It also elaborates on blockchain, its applications and challenges. This chapter also classifies prerequisites, applications of blockchain in IoT and challenges in implementing IoT solutions with blockchain.