Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Green Video Compression for Metaverse: Lessons Learned from VP9 and HEVC

Unprecedented growth in video consumption applications has been witnessed over the past decade, and new heights are now being reached with the emergence of the metaverse. As the metaverse expands, a substantial increase in the volume of digital data and the computational load on networks, data centers, and user devices is brought along. This continuous processing of information leads to significant energy consumption, resulting in a staggering amount of CO2 emissions annually. To address this challenge, the development of lightweight video compression algorithms that can effectively reduce file sizes and facilitate efficient transmission over the Internet needs to be prioritized. However, the desired level of efficiency cannot be achieved by current standards. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the most resource-intensive task, Motion Estimation (ME), is conducted in two state-of-the-art compression algorithms used for metaverse videos: VP9 and HEVC. An implementation in Matlab that centers on the ME process of both algorithms has been developed for an exhaustive performance evaluation, allowing for an objective comparison. Furthermore, novel approaches were incorporated into the code to assess sustainability factors. The insights gained from this analysis shed light on key areas that require improvement in future video compression algorithms, paving the way for sustainable and optimized video storage and transmission in the metaverse.
The future of video compression - Moving beyond hybrid codecs with machine learning

The consumption of video content on the internet is increasing at a constant pace, along with an increase of video quality. As an answer to the ever-growing demand for high quality video, compression technology improves steadily. About every decade, a new major video compression standard is issued, providing a decrease of bitrate by a factor two. Interestingly, the technology does not change radically between codecs generations. Instead, the same principles are re-used and pushed further. There has been several attempts to depart from this model, but none achieved to be competitive. Recently, the research community has started focusing on deep learning-based strategies. Could it be the new contender to the classical approach? This paper analyzes the benefits and limitations of deep learning-based video compression methods, and investigates practical aspects such as rate control, delay, memory consumption and power consumption. Overlapping patch-based end-to-end video compression strategy is proposed to overcome memory limitations.
Ultra-low Latency Video Delivery using WebRTC Data Channels

Delivery of video with camera-to-screen latencies of less than two seconds, so called ultra-low latency, is the latest battleground for live streaming providers and vendors. Historically, broadcast latencies have been between five and ten seconds, significantly lower than those which can be achieved using the standardised streaming protocols based on HTTP. The frustration of hearing about a change in score, through social media for example, before seeing it on a streaming service prompted the development of the low latency variants of HTTP based protocols. These can bring the camera-to-screen latency down to between six and eight seconds, easily competing with, if not surpassing, standard broadcast. — Providers’ need for new monetization strategies and increased consumer engagement drives the need to reduce this further. Existing technologies’ inherent limitations in this respect demand a new delivery mechanism. The development of WebRTC Media Streams focuses on video conferencing where round-trip latencies in the 100s of milliseconds are key. However, video conferencing has little need for the high picture quality, content protection, alternative audio, and delivery to millions of users necessary for premium streaming service providers. — This paper discusses the limitations and advantages of using HTTP and WebRTC for media delivery and presents a novel approach to delivering media to clients using WebRTC Data Channels. By using a UDP-based protocol, WebRTC overcomes the congestion and head-of-line blocking issues associated with TCP, allowing the delivery of media with latencies below two seconds. The use of Data Channels has three main advantages over Media Channels. Firstly, it enables video content to be encrypted using standard Digital Rights Management methods. Secondly, it allows the use of broadcast quality encoders which make use of all codec tools rather than the restricted toolset dictated by WebRTC encoders. Thirdly, the use of Data Channels removes the need for a per-client encode of the content. Instead, the pre-encoded and encrypted content is simply replicated to all clients at the edge of the network. This, in turn, means that the solution scales efficiently to the ever-increasing streaming audience.
Artificial Intelligence in Art: An Amoral Subject of Law

This article analyzes the legal-philosophical situation of Artificial Intelligence and the intelligent robot on being a subject of Law to be considered a creative person or author. The contradiction involved in allowing an object to present the legal duality of being protected as an object that it is and at the same time being considered a subject by the resulting work is analyzed, an impairment or vulgarization for the subject of Law as a moral subject when proposing the fictio legis de a moral object, which is not conceivable. Instead, an alternative to such an aporia is proposed, more fictitious than real.
“Businessmen, they drink my wine”: Jimi Hendrix’s <i>Electric Ladyland</i> Album

ABSTRACT This brief discussion (with part of its title extracted from the lyrics of “All Along the Watchtower”) provides music business contexts related to the third Jimi Hendrix Experience album, Electric Ladyland (1968), the guitarist’s first and only double album issued during his lifetime. The article refers to crucial advances in multitrack recording technology transforming the industry and coinciding with the recording of Electric Ladyland, the impact of the album’s packaging, and the commercial rise of the double-album format, as well as referencing the effect of opaque management on Hendrix’s career. The album’s release also intersected with the recording industry’s mass-market shift from mono to stereo releases, increased cassette consumption, and the rise of career-making stereo FM radio outlets.
Education and Labour Market Earnings in Low Income Countries

This paper intends to examine the private returns to education in Tanzania using three different Integrated Labour Force Survey data collected in 2001, 2006 and 2014. The estimation of the rate of returns to education was presented separately by each year data. The estimation was also carried out by comparing between males and females sub-samples. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique, we find private returns to education increases with the levels of education over the 2001-2014 periods. We observed further the patterns tend to decrease over time, despite rising average levels of schooling attainment. Additionally, females experience a higher rate of return than males. These findings have important policy implications with respect to strengthening the public funding of tertiary education suggesting that increasing public expenditure on tertiary education is necessary for greater equality and poverty alleviation in Tanzania.
Prediction Model for Diagnosing Heart Disease Using Classification Algorithm

Heart disease often causes death if not treated quickly and appropriately. Early diagnosis can prevent more serious complications and treat heart disease patients best. The existence of a disease prediction model can help health workers to diagnose diseases more quickly and accurately. The heart disease prediction model using a classification algorithm is a system built using machine learning techniques. The classification algorithm chosen is NN, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, and SVM because it is the best algorithm for predicting heart disease. This study makes a comparison of the four algorithms using a dataset of 918 instances with 11 features. The result is that the Random Forest algorithm produces the highest accuracy, with 86.8%, and has the best ability to distinguish classes based on the ROC curve.
UIGM Student Satisfaction Level with E-Learning Using End User Computing Satisfaction (Eucs)

The Ministry of Education and Culture responded by issuing a policy of learningfrom home, through online learning, the current education system must be ready tomake the leap to transform online learning for all students. E-learning is a distancelearning process whose implementation is supported by computers and internettechnology, so that the learning process can be carried out at any time without ameeting between lecturers and students. From the explanation above, a study wasconducted that measured the Level of Satisfaction of E-learning Students at Indo GlobalMandiri University using the End User Computing Sastification (EUCS) method. Thisresearch will analyze the level of student satisfaction using the E-learning web whichhas an important role in higher education. Analysis of the level of satisfaction usingEUCS is expected to be a measuring tool for the success of a system The model of EndUser Computing Satisfication (EUSC) was developed by Doll &amp; Torkzadeh. EUCS is amethod that can be used to measure the level of satisfaction of users of a system, bycomparing expectations and reality of a system. Evaluation using the EUCS model ismore focused on end user satisfaction with technological aspects. The dimensions inEnd User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) according to Doll &amp; Torkzadeh are five, namelycontent (Content), accuracy (Accuracy), form (Format).From the results of dataprocessing that has been done previously, it can be concluded in this study that theresults of quantitative analysis on the variable respondents who strongly agree (SS) are80.0%, who agree 20.0% so it can be concluded that user satisfaction with theperformance of e-learning students of Indo Global Mandiri University, Faculty ofInformatics Engineering is very satisfied.
Analysis of Geogebra Applications and Manipulative Media in Proving the Level of Spatial Rotating Symmetry

Geometry is a sub-matter that exists in mathematics related to everyday life. The existence of an understanding related to geometry material has a positive impact on increasing spatial abilities from various points of view. The ability to see geometric shapes from various perspectives is related to rotation and rotational symmetry. Studying rotational symmetry and how rotation affects its appearance and geometric properties will help deepen your understanding of the overall geometric shape. The purpose of this study is to provide a description of the views to prove the level of rotational symmetry in geometric 3D shapes by considering the description of the advantages and disadvantages of using geogebra and manipulative application media which are adapted to their respective characteristics. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques used are observation and interviews. The instruments used were observation sheets and interview sheets. The data analysis technique used is data triangulation. The research results obtained are proving the degree of rotational symmetry in geometric shapes which have 1) the advantages of using geogebra: it does not take long to prove, it is flexible regarding geometric dimensions and the determination of the symmetry axis, does not take up space/practical, is available in the form of applications and online websites 2 ) Weaknesses of using GeoGebra: having to use a PC/laptop, the ability of GeoGebra users to use it is the main variable, limitations on PC/laptop, or internet performance, 3) advantages of using manipulative media: easier and more real in observing the degree of rotational symmetry, display at each level the degree of rotational symmetry can be marked to facilitate calculations, 4) the weakness of using manipulative media: it takes time to make manipulative media, the media requires an appropriate size for practice, inflexibility regarding the size and placement of the axis of symmetry.
Students’ Perception on the Use of QUILLBOT to Improve Grammar

English structure is one of the most difficult parts of learning grammar. This is because students also have to know when to use it. When students already know the structure of English, it will be easier to master grammar. The easiest way to test students' grammar is by using the quillbot application. However, researchers using the quillbot application are still limited and know little about how students perceive it. This study aims to improve students' grammar skills by using quillbot application to check their grammar writing. The researcher used quantitative method and survey design, and to collect information the researcher used questionnaire. This study was conducted at University in Asia by taking a sample of 35 students majoring in English Department. The findings revealed that these students expressed some positive responses. Some students already know that this quillbot application can be relied upon to check students' grammar writing and make students easier and more practical in checking grammar so that it is free from grammatical errors. Therefore, the researcher said that the use of quillbot application is useful to improve students' grammar skills.
IMPROVING MEDICATION ADHERENCE AS INDICATED BY BTA TEST IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS USE MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING

Low adherence to TB medication can also lead to the development of drug resistance, making treatment more challenging. There is a need for a specific approach to TB patients to enhance motivation in anti-tuberculosis treatment, including the innovation of providing motivational interviewing (MI). This study aims to determine the impact of MI on the treatment adherence of tuberculosis patients as indicated by the BTA test. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a control group. The population consisted of 60 respondents using consecutive sampling techniques, divided into 30 experimental groups and 30 control groups. Descriptive analysis was used to depict the deviation in the percentage of gender, age, and education, while the difference test employed the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results indicated that both the experimental and control groups consisted mostly of males, with 16 (53.3%) and 17 (56.7%), respectively, and individuals over 41 years of age, with 23 (76.7%) and 21 (70%), respectively. Meanwhile, the difference test showed that the treatment group had a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant difference in treatment adherence before and after the intervention. Discussion : MI communication can increase clients' motivation to engage in positive behavior’s, such as adhering to treatment, which can lead to negative BTA test results. Conclusion : This intervention can be recommended as an additional approach to improving treatment adherence in tuberculosis patients.
Revitalize Use Language English on Unit Education

This study aims at revitalizing the role of the English language in education, where it becomes the house of the students for most time in their lives. When something wrong happens and goes on the paradigm conformation of this revitalization, shifting assumptions should become one of the efforts and be strived by one of the most element who takes main responsibility on education itself – teacher. this study explores empirically and theoretically the teachers' paradigm on the use of English language in the real classroom. The participants were the teachers from private schools in Sidenreng Rappang joining a workshop due to Study Day Teachers conducted by the foundations. The workshop results were reflected and interpreted by the involvement of a related-literature reviews from previously researchers and experts - journal articles and scientific books.
THE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ LINGUISTICS ERROR IN MAKING PASSIVE VOICE

The purpose of this study was to identify the types of linguistics errors and to analyze the causes of the students’ errors in making passive voice at XI Grade of SMK Swasta Pembina Bangsa. Several issues with students' linguistics passive voice were discovered in the field. They were students' difficulty to apply passive voice patterns into different tenses. The next problem was that some students have difficulty distinguishing between active and passive voice because they had less practice outside the classroom. This study used mix research. The participants in this study was the students of the hotel accommodation program and accounting SMK S Pembina Bangsa students in the eleventh grade. To collect the data, the researcher used a test and interviews with students. Based on calculated the data, the result showed that the total errors is 496 errors which were classified into 4 types: omission is 62 cases (12,5%), addition was 116 cases (23,38%), misformation was 155 cases (31, 25%), and misordering was 163 cases (32,86%). As a result, many students made errors in making passive voice related to some items which were caused by some factors: interlingual transfer and intralingual transfer.
THE USE OF VISUAL MEDIA IN TEACHING VOCABULARY

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of employing visual media in teaching vocabulary mastery in the seventh grade at UPT SMPN 3 Lunang. Several issues with students' vocabularies were discovered in the field. They were students' lack of motivation in expanding their English vocabulary, restricted vocabulary, and losing previously taught vocabulary. During the learning process, the researcher used visual media such as photos and actual objects to help students with vocabulary mastering. This study used descriptive quantitative research.The participants in this study were all UPT SMPN 3 Lunang students in the seventh grade. To collect the data, researcher used a test vocabulary from students. Based on calculated the data, the result of mean score vocabulary mastery students was 75 included at level effective. Therefore, it can be concluded using visual media effective for students vocabulary at seventh grade of UPT SMPN 3 Lunang.
STUDENTS’ GRAMMATICAL PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING THE PARAGRAPHS OF ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

This research aimed to determine the grammatical problems found in students’ argumentative essays. The type of research used was descriptive research and the data source of this research was argumentative essays written by English Department students. Research data were collected by giving writing assignments and coding sheets. The collected data were grouped based on the research objectives, then described and analyzed to get the actual facts. The research findings showed that some of the grammatical problems that were often faced by students in writing argumentative essays were subject-predicate compatibility, verb forms, verb tenses, plural forms, and word formation errors as well as problems in the use of conjunctions, auxiliary modals and the use of personal subjects. In conclusion, the students still do not understand the concept of grammar well, and it will be difficult for them to produce a good argumentative essay.&#x0D;
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE USE OF E-LEARNING IN THE ENGLISH SUBJECT

The objectives of this study were to find out students’ perception about E-learning in English Subject to the Tenth Grade Students’ Madrasah Aliyah Darun Najah Bangun Jaya and to find out strengths and weaknesses in using E-learning faced by the Tenth Grade Students’ Madrasah Aliyah Darun Najah Bangun Jaya. This study used a mix method by using questionnaires and open-ended questionnaires. The researchers used total sampling and the sample was 69 students. The data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed through Google Form and WhatsApp application. For analyzing the data, the researchers used a percentage analysis formula. Based on the result of the questionnaire, 36 students or 52.2% had negative perception of E-learning in English subjects, 31 students or 44.9% had positive perception and 2 students or 2.8% had neutral perception. It could be concluded that the Tenth Grade Student of Madrasah Aliyah Darun Najah Bangun Jaya has negative perception on E-learning in English subject. The result of the open-end questionnaire found that the strength in using the WhatsApp application is that it is easier to submit the assignment. E-learning can eliminate hesitation / unconfidence to practice English, and interaction and communication between teacher and students better. The weakness in using E-learning was students are difficult to understand the material given. They faced limited internet access and the time was not flexible, so that learning activities became ineffective.
Sentimental Analysis of Twitter Using Long Short-Term Memory and Gate Recurrent Unit

The International Scientific Research Organization for Science, Engineering and Technology (ISROSET) is a Non-Profit Organization; The ISROSET is dedicated to improvement in academic sectors of Science (Chemistry, Bio-chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioscience, Bioinformatics, Biometrics, Biostatistics, Microbiology, Environmental Management, Medical Science, Forensic Science, Home Science, Library Science, Material Science Military Science, Physical Science, Physical Education Science, Educational Science, Fisheries, seed technology, Agriculture, Forestry Science, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics and Geology/Earth Science), Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Commerce, Management, Economics Sociology and Social Science.
The impact of the S.N.I.P.S strategy on the achievement of fifth grade literary students in literature and texts and the development of their inferential thinking

The current research aims to identify the impact of the S.N.I.P.S strategy on the achievement of fifth grade literary students in Literature and Texts and the development of their deductive thinking. In order to achieve the two goals of the research, the researcher relied on the experimental method in explaining the impact of the strategy. For this reason, the researcher formulated the appropriate hypotheses for his research. The current research was limited to students of the fifth literary grade in secondary schools for boys affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din for the academic year 2022-2023. The researcher relied on the experimental design, and the research sample consisted of (63) students from the fifth literary grade. In Al-Bahili Secondary School, there were (32) students in the experimental group and (31) students in the control group, and parity was conducted between the two research groups. The researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (35) items, which he applied at the end of the experiment. The researcher prepared a deductive thinking test consisting of (60) items. It was applied before the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and the validity, stability, and psychometric properties of the two tests were verified. The results showed: The students of the experimental group who studied according to the S.N.I.P.S strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the achievement test and deductive thinking.
Graphical representation of a real valued function in the interval where it gives imaginary value

We are introduced to the graph of a real valued function . But when values of are imaginary numbers at some points of real axis, we have no graphical representation of the function at those points. This article demonstrates a model where we construct a 3D graph of the function at those points where values of the function are imaginary numbers.