Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING TEACHERS’ CHALLENGES IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO YOUNG LEARNERS AT SD KATOLIK SANTA THERESIA

The objective of this research is to know teachers’ challenges in teaching English to young learners. This is a qualitative research that used qualitative method with interview as research instrument. The researchers selected two English teachers at SD Katolik Santa Theresya. The results show that there were some challenges that faced by the teachers in teaching English to young learners such as teaching listening, motivating students to learn English, and lack of textbook to faciltate the students’ needs. In teaching listening; the teachers found the challenges such as the students were difficult to comprehend or understand when the teachers spoke quickly. The teachers had some strategies to solve the problems to motivate the students, gave attention and care with the students. Besides, using of text book is not related with the students’ need becomes the challenges in teaching English. To solve it; the teachers make another alternative book such as LKS to support the teachers in teaching English in the classroom.
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN LAHAN KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN BERDASARKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;&lt;em&gt;As time goes by, a city or region will change its physical appearance. Visually, the physical appearance of the city can be seen from the growth of the center of activity and population activities that occupy a land space both vertical and horizontal developments. The realization of this is the impact of increasing population and growing population activities. Society or population as perpetrators as well as objects of development is one of the main actors influencing changes in a city or region. Of course this will have implications for the needs of land as a space for socio-economic and ecological activities.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;&lt;em&gt;From the description above, it can be explained further, that the needs of this land if it is not considered in a balanced manner between demand and supply will have a negative impact on the land itself, including for human beings. Land needs are increasing while the amount of land is limited, so there is often a change in land use that is not in accordance with its designation.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Therefore, in each land change, an analysis of the land is needed to determine the function (suitability) and character (capability) of the land so that any changes in land use can be known to be feasible and then the appropriate land use direction can be known.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br clear="ALL" /&gt; &lt;em&gt;The method used is the spatial method using the map overlay technique with geographic information system software. With this method, it is expected to provide a detailed and precise description of the function and character of the land so that the direction of the development of a city or region can be determined optimally effectively and efficiently while anticipating the emergence of land change conflicts.&lt;/em&gt;
Daylight: Assessing Generalization Skills of Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms have recently achieved significant success in learning high-performing policies from purely visual observations. The ability to perform end-to-end learning from raw high dimensional input alone has led to deep reinforcement learning algorithms being deployed in a variety of fields. Thus, understanding and improving the ability of deep reinforcement learning agents to generalize to unseen data distributions is of critical importance. Much recent work has focused on assessing the generalization of deep reinforcement learning agents by introducing specifically crafted adversarial perturbations to their inputs. In this paper, we propose another approach that we call daylight: a framework to assess the generalization skills of trained deep reinforcement learning agents. Rather than focusing on worst-case analysis of distribution shift, our approach is based on black-box perturbations that correspond to semantically meaningful changes to the environment or the agent's visual observation system ranging from brightness to compression artifacts. We demonstrate that even the smallest changes in the environment cause the performance of the agents to degrade significantly in various games from the Atari environment despite having orders of magnitude lower perceptual similarity distance compared to state-of-the-art adversarial attacks. We show that our framework captures a diverse set of bands in the Fourier spectrum, giving a better overall understanding of the agent's generalization capabilities. We believe our work can be crucial towards building resilient and generalizable deep reinforcement learning agents.
: Distance Learning - TESOL: Key journals

Library resources, services, and support for Distance Learning TESOL students Details of some of the journals you might like to use.
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

The article describes in detail the assessment of the management of the preschool education system and the existing organization of preschool education, the assessment of the activities of managers and staff, the assessment of the rating based on the results obtained.
Ethical View of Self-Driving Automobiles

The current era is also classified as automation era of the information age where most of the daily life activities are becoming self-done. Robotics, 4G+, 5G and IoT are one of the major reasons for this transformation. One of modern era transformation technology is self-driving cars that classify as a driver-lesser car; they can be self-controlled and driven over busy highways such as Google car or Tesla. These automated cars have also raised numerous ethical questions such as the decision to do the crash or hit someone. Another question is whether it is ethical to produce or use self-driving cars? This research aims to find the answer to this question by conducting a survey among various countries and through both genders. Analysis of results has been conducted using two principles of ethics which are: Kantianism first formulation and Act utilitarianism. It is the observer that the majority of people want to buy selfdriving cars yet they are aware of the issues that may arise while using automated cars. It is also observed that most of the users consider driver life is important and people will be reluctant to buy a car that might pose a threat to them.
Introduction to Machine Learning

Machine learning is defined as the set of techniques to perform through a machine a task it wasn’t explicitly programmed for. It is sometimes seen as a subset of dynamic programming. If you have some prior experience with traditional programming, you’ll know that building a piece of software involves explicitly providing a machine with an unambiguous set of instructions to be executed sequentially or in parallel in order to perform a certain task. This works quite well if the purpose of your software is to calculate the commission on a purchase, or display a dashboard to the user, or read and write data to an attached device. These types of problems usually involve a finite number of well-defined steps in order to perform their task. However, what if the task of your software is to recognize whether a picture contains a cat? Even if you build a software that is able to correctly identify the shape of a cat on a few specific sample pictures (e.g., by checking whether some specific pixels present in your sample pictures are in place), that software will probably fail at performing its task if you provide it with different pictures of cats—or even slightly edited versions of your own sample images. And what if you have to build a software to detect spam? Sure, you can probably still do it with traditional programming—you can, for instance, build a huge list of words or phrases often found in spam emails—but if your software is provided with words similar to those on your list but that are not present on your list, then it will probably fail its task.
Track our gritting lorries live on the map

We now have live gritter maps that show you the location of our gritters and where they have been in the last 12 hours
Fixing Design Inconsistencies of Polymorphic Methods using Swarm Intelligence

Background: Modern industry is heavily dependent on software.The complexity of designing and developing software is a serious engineering issue.With the growing size of software systems and increase in complexity, inconsistencies arise in software design and intelligent techniques are required to detect and fix inconsistencies.Aim: Current industrial practice of manually detecting inconsistencies is time consuming, error prone and incomplete.Inconsistencies arising as a result of polymorphic object interactions are hard to trace.We propose an approach to detect and fix inconsistencies in polymorphic method invocations in sequence models.Method: A novel intelligent approach based on self regulating particle swarm optimization to solve the inconsistency during software system design is presented.Inconsistency handling is modelled as an optimization problem that uses a maximizing fitness function.The proposed approach also identifies the changes required in the design diagrams to fix the inconsistencies. Result:The method is evaluated on different software design models involving static and dynamic polymorphism and inconsistencies are detected and resolved. Conclusion:Ensuring consistency of design is highly essential to develop quality software and solves a major design issue for practitioners.In addition, our approach helps to reduce the time and cost of developing software.
Factors Affecting the Development of Women Entrepreneurs on Economic Activity: Cross Sectional Data

This study was examined factors affecting the development of women entrepreneurs on economic activity of Bonga Town of south west region which is the capital city of Kafa Zone and 449 km from Addis Ababa.The general objective of the study is to assess factors affecting the development of women entrepreneurs on economic activity of Bonga Town.The specific objective of the study is investigating the basic factors that affect women entrepreneurial development on economic activity.The data were examined by using Statistical Package for Social Science.The Primary data were collected from the sample study through questionnaires.The Secondary data were obtained from reviewing available materials.The study used descriptive method to describe and interpret factors affecting the development of women entrepreneurs on economic activity of Bonga Town.The Cross-sectional data were collected 50 sample respondents.According to the study, about 40% of women entrepreneurs in the town are affected by the challenges faced in fulfilling the necessary things and 60% are not affected by it.As a result, the researcher has suggested that training access and institutional support by government are basic solution.
TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE AT UNIT PENGEMBANGAN BAHASA UIN ANTASARI BANJARMASIN

Teaching and learning English language is really related with linguistic intelligence since it is associated with the skills of speaking, writing, listening and reading. Moreover, linguistic intelligence can be developed by the help of the teachers by using some specific strategies. This research was aimed to answer the questions of what teachers’ strategies in developing students’ linguistic intelligence and the aspects of linguistic intelligence developed by the teachers at Unit Pengembangan Bahasa UIN Antasari Banjarmasin.The qualitative research with descriptive approach designed by Miles and Huberman was employed to conduct this study. The participants of this study involved 40 teachers who taught pre-intermediate classes. The data were collected through questionnaire and interview, then analysed in three steps of data analysis: data reduction, data display, and drawing and verifying conclusion.The results showed that teachers’ strategies in developing students’ linguistic intelligence were brainstorming, tape-recording, oral presentation, and playing word games. Furthermore, the aspects of linguistic intelligence developed by the teachers were the ability to use language to convince other individuals (rhetoric), the ability in using language to remember information (mnemonic), the ability to use language in providing the information (explanation), and the language potential to explain its own activities (metalinguistic).
Unconditional Synthesis of Complex Scenes Using a Semantic Bottleneck

Coupling the high-fidelity generation capabilities of label-conditional image synthesis methods with the flexibility of unconditional generative models, we propose a semantic bottleneck GAN model for unconditional synthesis of complex scenes. We assume pixel-wise segmentation labels are available during training and use them to learn the scene structure through an unconditional progressive segmentation generation network. During inference, our model first synthesizes a realistic segmentation layout from scratch, then synthesizes a realistic scene conditioned on that layout through a conditional segmentation-to-image synthesis network. When trained end-to-end, the resulting model outperforms state-of-the-art generative models in unsupervised image synthesis on two challenging domains in terms of the Frechet Inception Distance and perceptual evaluations. Moreover, we demonstrate that the end-to-end training significantly improves the segmentation-to-image synthesis sub-network, which results in superior performance over the state-of-the-art when conditioning on real segmentation layouts.
RANCANG BANGUN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN MASALAH TERBUKA MENGGUNAKAN WEB UNTUK PENINGKATAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMK

Basic programming is a vocational school subject that requires critical thinking skills, there are still many students who have trouble against learning programming, observation results show that there are problems in the learning process of basic programming which results in difficulties in learning other programming fields. The proposed solution to overcome this problem is by increasing student's critical thinking skills with learning media that uses open ended approach. The open ended approach allows students to think broadly by combining their own knowledges or ways of thinking that have been previously learned. This study aims to develop instructional media with an open ended approach measure the improvements on students from the application of media and student responses to the media. This study uses a Comprehensive Life Cycle methodology to develop media. One-group pretest-postest was used for the research design. media with an open problem approach have been developed and get a percentage score of 86% or very good by experts on media testing and get a percentage score of 85% or very good by experts on material testing. The use of media with an open ended approach can improve critical thinking skills with the increase in students' cognitive tests with the High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) category questions with an increase in the average N-gain of students by 0.46 (which is in the medium category). Student responses to learning media get a percentage score of 75%.
Java, Python and Javascript, a comparison

With the amount of programming languages currently available there is a high risk of confusion anddoubtfulness in aspiring programmers of which to choose. It may be motivating for a beginner tochoo ...
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI KEPENDUDUKAN DESA PARAKANLIMA BERBASIS WEB DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WATERFALL

ABSTRACTData  management  of  population  of  Desa  parakanlima  in  Cikembar district in Sukabumi regency has been performed in old fashion. Data is written on the paper and stored in the filling cabinet. This research develop an information system to  manage the data such  that it can be easier and more accurate. This system was developed with the waterfall method. System evaluation on the aspect of display by the user shows an average value of 78.38% which means  the  system  is  good.  The  results  of  software  testing  indicate  that  the functions in the Country Information System of Tulang Bawang Village have been running well according to the requirements. The conclusion is that this system is feasible to be used to assist village staff in managing population data.Keywords: Information System, Village, Waterfall
How much Users Consider Information from Social Media Reliable: A Study regarding Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp

Social media has become a household name in the present age and this study aims to explore the reliability of information shared on social media. The researchers conducted a survey taking responses from 150 members of Peshawar Press Club. Also, Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp were selected for this study as these platforms are widely used in the area selected for the research. Of the respondents, 64% were males and 34% females. Almost 67% of the respondents agreed that news content shared on social media is reliable while 33% said it is not reliable. Also, 80% of the respondents considered Facebook as reliable social media platform, 15% marked Twitter, 49% opted for WhatsApp. The finding shows that majority of users use social media for being in contact with each other.
Meta-subject methodology approach in the training of future primary school teachers

The urgent task of higher education is to comprehensively prepare future teachers for the implementation of state educational standards (SESs) for primary general, basic general and secondary full education, as well as mastering the requirements of the professional standard ‘teacher’. The key requirements of the SES RK include the formation of subject, meta-subject and personal results of students. The concept of ‘meta-subject learning outcomes’ acts as an undoubted innovation of SES RK, which is still not highlighted enough in the scientific and educational literature. In this regard, the need arises for purposeful general professional and subject-methodological preparation of the future teacher for work on the formation and development of meta-subject results for students, mastering the basic educational programmes of general education. The topic of this article is related to the pressing issues of the meta-subject content of education at a pedagogical university. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical justification of meta-subject matter in scientific research. On the example of the author’s programme of the new variable discipline ‘Meta-subject approach in primary education’, intended for students of the pedagogical direction of training, the basic conditions for the implementation of the meta-subject approach in network interaction with educational institutions are considered.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Meta-discipline, meta-disciplinary approach, meta-disciplinary outcomes, meta-disciplinary skills, educational programme.
Fast Estimation for Privacy and Utility in Differentially Private Machine Learning

Recently, differential privacy has been widely studied in machine learning due to its formal privacy guarantees for data analysis. As one of the most important parameters of differential privacy, ϵ controls the crucial tradeoff between the strength of the privacy guarantee and the utility of model. Therefore, the choice of ϵ has a great influence on the performance of differentially private learning models. But so far, there is still no rigorous method for choosing ϵ. In this paper, we deduce the influence of ϵ on utility private learning models through strict mathematical derivation, and propose a novel approximate approach for estimating the utility of any ϵ value. We show that our approximate approach has a fairly small error and can be used to estimate the optimal ϵ according to the expected utility of users. Experimental results demonstrate high estimation accuracy and broad applicability of our approximate approach.
副詞「たかだか」「たかが」の成立と展開

This paper focuses on exploring formation and development of Japanese adverbs ‘TAKADAKA’ and ‘TAKAGA’ that can be mainly seen in the Late Middle and Early Modern Japanese. ‘TAKADAKA’ and ‘TAKAGA’ are synonymous on the basis of ‘TAKA(高, high)’ in terms of word structure.As a result, historically, compared to Takaga, adverbization of ‘TAKADAKA’ (initially (before the Middle Ages) was preceded by ‘ni’　and ‘to’, but like modern words ‘TAKAGA’ was used earlier in the example of negative evaluation such as “it is not a big deal (even if we estimate a lot)”. In the scope of this survey, ‘TAKAGA’　can be confirmed from the early modern materials (after the late 17C), and ‘TAKADAKA’ can be confirmed from the late modern materials (after 19C). Both were expressed by the noun ‘TAKA(高, high)’ from the Middle Ages, meaning estimate the total amount and its level. From the point of view of desirability, both have a negative evaluation.Based on present results, it is necessary to examine the case of adverbization that expresses the speaker’s value judgment and evaluation from a chronological perspective.
Sounds from a Paleolithic seashell horn

ArchaeologyAlthough flutes and whistles made of bone have been found at Upper Paleolithic archaeological sites in Europe, musical instruments made of other materials are uncommon. Fritz et al. have identified the earliest known conch shell in the world, dating from about 17,000 years ago, which was used as a wind instrument at the French Magdalenian site of Marsoulas Cave. Careful removal of the apex of the shell in ancient times allowed air to flow through it to produce sound. Experiments revealed that playing the shell produces three notes similar to C, C-sharp, and D. Image enhancement of the exterior of the shell revealed dots of red pigment similar to paintings found on the cave walls.Sci. Adv. 10.1126/sciadv.abe9510 (2021).
Inappropriate Authorship: The Guilty Secret of Authors and Editors

1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work, and 2. Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content, and 3. Final approval of the version to be published, and 4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work he or she has done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work.
"...From lapp tent ("vezha") to the palace of science": sources on the history of organization and construction of "Tietta" (Khibiny mountain station —Kola research base of theUSSR Academy of sciences) from the facilities of the Museum-Archive of the BCH KSC RAS.

The article presents an archaeographical publication of two narratives of academician A. E. Fersman and poet L.I. Oshanin, presented to the readers of the newspaper "Khibinogorsky Rabochiy" on September 29, 1934, and working drawings-plans of the building of "Tietta" —the Khibiny mountain station (1930–1934), since 1934 —the Kola base of the USSR Academy of Sciences —the first peripheral stationary institution of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The primary sources are kept in the funds of the Museum-Archives of the Central State Archive of the KSC RAS.