Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Spelling Error Patterns in Typed Yorùbá Text Documents

While writing in most of the world's major languages have a long history, Yorùbá is a relatively young language as far as writing it down is concerned.It is therefore an under-resourced language as far as tools for processing it in digital format is concerned.Spell checking is one of these tools.An analysis of the spelling error pattern is fundamental to the task of producing a good spell checker.We addressed this challenge in this article and our findings showed that spelling error pattern in Yorùbá followed that of other languages in general.There were, however, obvious departure from the norms in the specific.Diacritic-related misspelling accounted for more than 80% of all errors and words with single edit error were less than the generally expected minimum threshold of 80%.In addition, most of the errors were vowel-related with consonants accounting for less than 15% of all errors.Word-length does not seem to have any direct bearing on number of errors in a word.The research showed that the impact of diacritics on spelling error is more in Yorùbá where diacritics are majorly used for tone marking where it accounts for more than 80% of spelling errors than in languages like Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish where diacritics are used for differentiating characters where spelling error due to diacritics covered less than 60% of all errors.We thus conclude that while, to a significant extent, the character set used in a language determines distribution of spelling error, the purpose to which diacritics is employed in language also affect the distribution of spelling error in a language.
Consolidating Digital Partnerships between Academic Libraries in the Middle East and North Africa: A Prospective Study

The study aims to discuss the issues of strengthening digital relations between the academic libraries in the MENA and the related issues to the Open access sources, shared databases, sharing intellectual property, and activation of collaboration agendas between MENA academic libraries, by international standards. Also, to review the available partnerships among academic libraries in the Middle East and North Africa, which was the result of the libraries transformation to the digital age. The new role for academic libraries required how joining digital information resources can allow each of the contributing partners to reach new local and worldwide users (Courtney, 2009). There are several forms of academic libraries such as interactive lending, cooperative supply projects, central indexing, union catalogue, reference services, cooperative storage projects, regional cooperation in the field of computers and equipment and exchange of experiences. The current study efforts to highlight review and analyze these partnership issues.
Modeling and Analyzing Context-Sensitive Changes during Runtime

Abstract For collaborative embedded systems, it is essential to consider not only the behavior of each system and the interaction between systems, but also the interaction of systems with their often dynamic and unknown context. In this chapter, we present a solution approach based on process building blocks— describing both the modelling approach as well as the model execution approach—for engineering and operation to achieve the goal of developing systems that deal with dynamics in their open context at runtime by re-using the models from the engineering phase.
Case Study for Product Development Innovation Based on Design Thinking Approach, Demonstrated by Smart Furniture Project

The paper intends to demonstrate the functional role and application of methods provided by the design thinking mindset when the team should create an innovative product design concept in a multidiscipline environment. First, the essential description and features of a design thinking mindset are significant for the discussed topic are introduced, along with defining the specialties and expected output of the featured smart furniture project. Second, after a clear view of the applicable mindset, the paper aims to sketch the project scope by reasoning the applied design thinking methods and highlighting the product design process’s challenges. Finally, the article makes a definite conclusion for demonstrating the design thinking mindset's experienced application, completed by the detailed evaluation of research questions based on empirical data. The purpose of the article is, on the one hand, to highlight the role and significance of the design thinking mindset in an innovative project. On the other hand, emphasizing that well-chosen methods in the right team composition with a well-defined problem already carries the key to the solution. The paper's novelty is the detailed practical description confirmed by concrete results of successfully applied methods needed to design a clear vision and scope for a multidiscipline team by design thinking mindset.
Poisson-Gamma Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model for Topics with Word Dependencies

This paper introduces the Poisson-Gamma Latent Dirichlet Allocation (PGLDA) model for modeling word dependencies in topics modeling.The Poisson document length distribution has been used extensively in the past for modeling topics with the expectation that its effect will fizzle out at the end of the model definition.This procedure often leads to downplaying the effect of word correlation with topics and thus reducing the precision or accuracy of retrieved documents in such a situation.Therefore, we propose a new class of model that relaxes the words independence assumption in the existing Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model by introducing the Gamma distribution that can capture the correlation between adjacent words in a document.The Poisson document length distribution and Gamma correlation distribution are then convoluted to form a new mixture distribution for modeling word dependencies.Model parameter estimation was achieved via Laplacian approximation of the log-likelihood.The new model was then evaluated using the 20 Newsgroups and AG's News datasets.The applicability of the model was assessed using the F1 score.The results of the evaluation showed appreciable supremacy of PGLDA over LDA.
Parsers Know Best: German PP Attachment Revisited

In the paper, we revisit the PP attachment problem which has been identified as one of the major sources for parser errors and discuss shortcomings of recent work.In particular, we show that using gold information for the extraction of attachment candidates as well as a missing comparison of the system's output to the output of a full syntactic parser leads to an overly optimistic assessment of the results.We address these issues by presenting a realistic evaluation of the potential of different PP attachment systems, using fully predicted information as system input.We compare our results against the output of a strong neural parser and show that the full parsing approach is superior to modeling PP attachment disambiguation as a separate task.
Top Management Support Functions in Higher Education Management Accounting Information Systems

The function of the management accounting information system is very important in universities, as it provides input to leaders for accurate decision making. Higher education leaders must listen more and provide good work management and require an accounting system in order to survive amid the heavy workload of lecturers that are not balanced with balanced wages. Accounting information systems can help universities expand their reach to remote locations, acquire new forms and workflows, and possibly change teaching patterns virtually. The management accounting information system is a collection (integration) of sub-systems / components, both physical and non-physical, which are interconnected and harmoniously cooperate with each other to process transaction data related to financial matters into financial information. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of top management support on the function of the accounting system. The unit of analysis in this research is the related sub-unit within the management of higher education institutions in South Sumatra-Indonesia. The results showed that top management support greatly influenced the function of the management accounting information system. The results of the study found that the life cycle of accounting information system development supports top management which includes planning, design and implementation (top management support is conceptualized as the involvement and participation of top-level management of the organization in information technology / accounting information system activities on lecturer work reports, lecturer salaries and managers. College.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
Academization of an Individual in Musical Education

Academization of art is based on the evolution of thinking and artistic creativity of mankind, which allows considering this process as a global one, both temporally and spatially. However, in musical educational establishments in the process of future musicians training, thinking and creativity of each student is academized separately, which allows us to talk about individual academization. In this aspect, academization is studied for the first time. The article defines characteristic features of individual academization: first, temporary duration – while the global academization lasts for centuries and millennia, the individual academization is limited by the years and decades of learning the art by the individual; secondly, as in the vast majority of cases private academization takes place in educational organizations, it is always artificial in type. At the same time, as the author’s previously published articles demonstrate, artificial academization is more often characterized by the greater number of negative trends (so-called post-academic syndrome) and is more acute (painful) than a natural academization process. This fact requires special attention of specialists to the content of music education and the choice of teaching methods.
An Analysis of the Optical System of a Length Measurement Comparator

In the paper, the optical system of a precise bar length measuring comparator is analysed. The requirements for such a system are determined and systematized. The impact of the resolution, signal discretization frequency, image blurring, bar edge measurement indeterminacy and camera noise on measuring the bar width and establishing the bar position is discussed upon. Various algorithms have been analysed and finally a bar edge identification algorithm oriented to the scale calibration accuracy and the high processing speed was proposed. In the end of the paper, conclusions are provided.
An AI Using Construction Grammar to Understand Text

This paper describes an AI that uses construction grammar (CG)—a means of knowledge representation for deep understanding of text. The proposed improvements aim at more versatility of the text form and meaning knowledge structure, as well as for intelligent choosing among possible parses. Along with the improvements, computational CG techniques that form the implementation basis are explained. Evaluation experiments utilize a Winograd schema (WS)—a major test for AI—dataset and compare the implementation with state-of-the-art ones. Results have demonstrated that compared with such techniques as deep learning, the proposed CG approach has a higher potential for the task of anaphora resolution involving deep understanding of the natural language.
iPads for Cognitive Skills in EFL Primary Classrooms: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia

This research study was designed to clarify the effectiveness of innovative technology use in order to develop cognitive skills in Saudi Arabia with particular focus on the use of iPads in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes. New technology approaches are continually being implemented in educational environments but there is often lagging analysis as to the effectiveness of these approaches. In the context under review the implementation of iPads represented a significant shift from using paper and pen to using a portable touchpad and digital pen. This qualitative study comprising observations, interviews and focus groups with teachers and students in four primary EFL primary classrooms in Saudi Arabia. It aimed to investigate any links between EFL teaching approaches, revised Bloom&amp;rsquo;s Taxonomy of thinking skills and the use of iPads. The findings indicated an unevenness in the application of revised Bloom&amp;rsquo;s Taxonomy in English instruction generally and most iPad teaching practices were represented at lower order thinking levels (Remember, Understand and Apply). Also, flexible use of iPads when teaching-learning EFL represented levels of revised Bloom&amp;rsquo;s Taxonomy which aligns with specific roles of; teacher (T), teacher-student shared role (TS) and student (S) and plays a part in representing cognitive skills. These findings contribute to tablet devices use in language learning literature by highlighting the &amp;lsquo;how&amp;rsquo; of EFL instruction based on revised Bloom&amp;rsquo;s Taxonomy.
Impact of Digital Transformation on Retail Banking Industry in the UAE

The UAE's banking industry has emerged as one of the most dynamic in the region, and the largest financial center in the Middle East. The industry has been confronted with 'digital disruption', 'digitization' 'digital banking'. The key reasons for digitization in addition to competitiveness include improved banking efficiency, attracting and retaining customers, improving analytics, launching innovative services and enhancing customer experience. However, organizations struggle with the implementation of digitalization initiatives and fall behind in achieving their plans. There is very limited literature written on the research to study impact of digital transformation on the retail banking industry in the UAE. Moreover, it is based on secondary research. This study aims to identify the variables that drive digital transformation and study the impact of digital transformation in Retail Banking Industry in the UAE. The results of the study show that customer needs, technology, regulation, business processes, skills and competencies impact digital transformation and should support retail banks in developing a theory of digital transformation in their journey to excel in a competitive marketplace.
A Pragmatic Approach to Understand Hebbian Cell Assembly

Formed at the cerebral cortex, neuron cell assemblies are regarded as basic units in cortical representation. Proposed by Hebb, these cell assemblies are regarded as the distributed neural representation of relevant objects, concepts or constellations. Each cell assembly contains a group of neurons having strong mutual excitatory connections. During a stimulus, these cells get activated. This activation either performs a given action or represent a given percept or concept in brain. This theory is in the strongest connection of the problem of concept forming in the brain. The challenge is to model coordinated activity among neurons in brain mathematically. The need of modelling it mathematically enables this paper to give clear view of functionality of Hebbian cell assembly. Therefore this paper proposes a pragmatic approach to Hebbian cell assemblies using mathematical model grounded in lattice based formalism that utilizes Galois connections. During this proposal, the authors also show the connections of the proposal to cognitive model of memory in particularly long-term memory (LTM).
Simulation Modeling Methods and Tools in the Study of Electronics Preproduction

The paper is devoted to the selection and application of simulation methods and tools when creating a digital model of the production floor and the preproduction of the assembly process of electronic modules on printed circuit boards. The advantage of simulation modeling for creating a digital manufacturing model is shown. The introduction of simulation methods in the educational process is considered. Using the developed digital model for the manufacturing of a typical product as an example, the functional capabilities of the Plant Simulation module from the Tecnomatix software package developed by Siemens PLM Software are considered. The main simulation results in terms of productivity of the designed production floor are considered. The digital model was improved in order to increase the technological equipment utilization rate and the total productivity of the assembly floor.
L_p_ Approximation by ReLU Neural Networks

We know that we can use the neural networks for the approximation of functions for many types of activation functions. Here, we treat only neural networks with simple and particular activation function called rectified linear units (ReLU). The main aim of this paper is to introduce a type of constructive universal approximation theorem and estimate the error of the universal approximation. We will obtain optimal approximation if we have a basis independent of the target function. We prove a type of Debao Chen's theorem for approximation.
ENHANCED MODEL FOR DETECTION OF PHISHING URL USING MACHINE LEARNING

Due to the increase in the use of the internet and the advancement of technology, more people are browsing on the internet.No need to mention that most people are not well aware of basic precautions, preventive measures that have to be taken while performing transactions over the net.This lack of knowledge among most people is well exploited by the phishers or attackers to acquire valuable private information from the user.Those security threats can cause user's mobile or computer to be hacked by the remote person usually called a hacker by executing some malware in the computer or mobile when the user clicks on the links purposely sent to the user.The phisher or Attacker or Hackers use sophisticated technics to cheat the user or to make scam in the virtual world by creating a fake site which looks almost similar to the original one.Therefore, if proper attention is not provided while filing user credentials or clicking on unknown links, those the security of the user can be compromised and its private information can be sent to the person who can take advantage of it.Phishing is new kind of an attack which is prevalent nowadays on the internet to jeopardize privacy of the user and subsequently of an organization.Therefore, many works are going on to detect and identify the phishing sites so user can be saved from entering his personal information and to prevent security attacks.But at the same time the way of designing phishing links are also evolving by improving content of the link in such way that the detection rate would below.This paper is presenting a detection system which give emphasis on boosting algorithm.At the same time various other classifiers are used on same set of datasets to evaluate the performance of the Boosting algorithm.We implemented five classification algorithms and some unusual features from the URLs.The experimental results exhibit better accuracy and other parameters of the Boosting algorithm as compared to other traditional classifiers.
MODEL OF THE STEAM-ORIENTED EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR GENERAL SCHOOL TEACHERS’ INFORMATION AND DIGITAL COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT

The article deals with the STEAM-oriented educational environment as a tool for teachers’ digital competence development. To achieve the goal of the article, methods of systematic and comparative analysis of scientific literature and project reports on the processes of designing pedagogical models of STEAM-oriented educational environment were used; as well as theoretical methods of synthesis and generalization to formulate conclusions and proposals for creating a model of STEAM-oriented educational environment of general schools for the development of information and digital competence of teachers. Based on the scientific literature analysis, a model of STEAM-oriented educational environment for the development of information and digital competence of general school teachers has been developed. The model includes the following main components: goal, organizational and content, technological, result and diagnostic. We concluded that the design and implementation of STEAM-oriented educational environment for the development of information and digital competence of general school teachers is one of the important solutions to develop and support STEAM education, promote professional mobility of teachers by providing opportunities to learn at any age, at any time; increasing students’ motivation to study within STEAM branches, etc. A specialized course «Creating and using STEAM-oriented educational environment of general school» can facilitate this process, providing research participants on the implementation of STEAM-education in care through the content, forms, methods and tools as components of using STEAM-oriented educational environment for the development of information and digital competence of general school teachers’. Methodical support of teacher training process in the course, which is provided as instructions for the use and creation of electronic educational resources, video lectures, answers to general and most frequently asked questions, is mandatory. Prospects for further research are the analysis of the effectiveness of the model of information and digital competence of teachers through the creation and use of STEAM-oriented educational environment, which should be implemented through the course «Creating and using STEAM-oriented educational environment of general school».
THE ODDITY OF THE RUSSIAN TURGENEV LIBRARY (PARIS, FRANCE)

The paper briefly describes a history of establishing Russian Public Library in Paris, 1875, by an initiative of Russian politician German Lopatin; now, the Library is considered as the oldest Russian language book collection formed outside Russia. Ivan Turgenev's personal library took as a basis of the memorial document collection that gradually became a center of cultural life for the first wave of Russian revolution emigration to France. The article discloses content of the document collection by type of issues, calls its sources until it was seized by Nazi occupational administration in 1940, outlines the history of its “travelling”. Also, the general description of several examples of books and magazines that previously belonged to Ivan Turgenev's Russian Public Library and now is stocked in Vyacheslav Shishkov Altai Regional Universal Scientific Library (Barnaul, Russia) is given.