Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
THE STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING READING COMPREHENSION USING NARRATIVE TEXT THROUGH WHATSSAPP

This research aims to find out students’ difficulties in learning reading comprehension using narrative text through whatsapp for the third grade students. In this research, the writer used qualitative research method.  To collect the data, the researchers used questionnaire and test. From the first test, results was obtained 12 of 48 students who managed to achieve KKM. While on the second test, there was an increase to 42 of 48 students who managed to reach KKM. It can be concluded that whatsapp can make it easier for teachers and students in learning reading comprehension using narrative text, especially in this pandemic covid-19. The results of questionnaire showed that the mostl influenced factor of students' difficulties in learning reading comprhension are lack of vocabulary mastery, internet network problems and family factors. Keywords :  Narrative Text, Reading Comprehension, Whatsapp
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING DEBATE TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING SPEAKING SKILL

This research has purpose to prove the effectiveness of using debate in teaching speaking at eighth grade of SMP Bina Mulia Mandiri West Bandung academic year 2019/2020. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) using two cycles explained through planning, implementing, observation, and reflection on every cycle. The outcome of the research proved that there was an improvement on the students’ speaking skill. It could be proved by the result of the test in this research. The Minimum Score that must be gained by students (KKM) of English lesson was 70. The students mean score was 50 at the first pretest, and 65 in the first post test, and in the second post test the mean of the students score was 85. In addition there were 3 students (8.8%) who exceed the minimum score on pre test. There were 9 students at the first pretest (26.47%) who surpassed KKM. There were 31 students at the second pretest (91.18%) who exceed KKM. Then, from the result of observation and interview the students stated positive responses. The students can be more active and improve their confident for uttering their ideas. The writer conclude that debate technique was effective in teaching speaking English. Keywords :  Speaking, CAR, Debate Technique
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK TALK WRITE (TTW) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI PADA SISWA KELAS VIII-B SMP NEGERI 3 PANCURBATU TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019

This study aims to describe the improvement in students' poetry writing skills through the application of think talk write learning models. The implementation of this research is based on the problems that exist in learning to write poetry in students who are still relatively low. The model used in this study is descriptive qualitative with an action approach class which describes the writing ability of students in a classical manner and the ability to write poetry through the think talk write learning model in the form of implementing two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subject of this research is purposive sample at 25 students of class VIII-B in SMP Negeri 3 Pancur Batu. The results showed that students' poetry writing ability increased after applying the think talk write learning model. In learning cycle I students obtain an average value of 71.8 and the percentage of classical completeness is 56.00%. And the results of student test scores in cycle II obtained an average score of 85.8. Judging from the percentage of classical completeness of students in the first cycle 56.00% increased in the second cycle 92.00%. So that this study can be concluded that the application of think talk write learning model can improve poetry writing skills in class VIII-B of Pancur Batu 3 Middle School.
Smartphones for Learning in Rural University Classrooms: A South African Perspective

The study examined the views of lecturers and Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) Tutors on students' use of smartphones for learning at a rural university in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.The research adopted a quantitative approach and the design was a survey.A total sample of 50 academics that was comprised of 39 lecturers from the Faculty of Business Science & Management and Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology from a population of 71 and 11 PAL Tutors from Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology from a population of 14 voluntarily partook in the survey.A five-point Likert-scale questionnaire was employed to collect data.The questionnaire consisted of two sections in which the first section was used to obtain the demographic data and the second section to collect the core data.The quantitative data were captured into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26) which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and triangulated by sources among lecturers and PAL Tutors.The results obtained revealed that the lecturers and PAL Tutors showed positive attitudes on the students' use of smartphones in university classrooms.It has been strongly established that students do not have the multitasking capability of using smartphones and paying attention to lecture at the same time.Furthermore, this study also showed that use of smartphones for academic purposes in university classrooms were enjoyed by the students and it was motivating and enhancing their learning process.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MELALUI METODE JIGSAW DI KELAS IV SD NEGERI NO. 91/VI RANTAU PANJANG VI KECAMATAN TABIR KABUPATEN MERANGIN

This study aims to determine the increase in science learning outcomes by applying the Jigsaw method to fourth grade students of SD Negeri No. 91/VI Rantau Panjang VI, Merangin District, Semester 2 of the 2017/2018 Academic Year. This type of classroom action research (CAR) consists of 3 cycles. The research subjects were all fourth grade students, totaling 16 students. The instruments used were observation sheets and formative tests at the end of the cycle. The criteria for success in this study are 80% of all fourth grade students have reached or exceeded the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) which is 70 with the formula for average scores and percentages. The results showed that the application of the Jigsaw method could improve learning in cycle I, cycle II, and cycle III, student learning outcomes increased, namely the results of pre-cycle formative tests, the average grade 50 of 16 students, with details of students who completed only 2 students 13%) and 14 students (87%). Cycle I average grade 70 out of 16 students, 12 students (75%) completed and 2 (25%). Cycle II the average grades increased to 80 out of 16 students, while those who completed 14 students (88%), who had not completed 2 students (12%). Cycle III the average value of the class increased to 84 out of 16 students, as for those who completed 16 students (100%), those who had not completed 0 students (0%)
Research and Application of Rectified-NAdam Optimization Algorithm in Data Classification

Data classification exists in various practical applications, such as the classification of words in natural language processing, classification of meteorological conditions, classification of environmental pollution degree, and so on.Artificial neural network is a basic method of data classification.A reasonable optimization algorithm will get better results for a loss function in the neural network.The research and improvement of these optimization algorithms has been a focus in this field.Because of the various optimizers developing in building the neural networks, an improved NAdam Algorithm (RNAdam) is proposed in this paper, on the basis of discussing and comparing several Algorithms with Adam Algorithm.This algorithm not only combines the advantages of RAdam algorithm, but also keeps the convergence of NAdam algorithm.A classification experiment is carried out on the data set composed of 300 sample points generated by the Make moon function.The experimental results show that the RNAdam algorithm is better than SGDM, Adam and Nadam algorithm in terms of the loss and accuracy between the output and the actual results, when the data are classified by the three-layer neural network.Therefore, the classification effect will be improved when this algorithm is applied to neural network for various practical data classification problems.
EXPLORING EFL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' INSIGHT TOWARD ONLINE ENGLISH LEARNING QUALITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

COVID-19 disease has hit many countries since 2020. In this pandemic era, every field must getting used to technology things, such as online learning and teaching activities. Even though the educational field is facing the pandemic, it does not mean the quality of teaching and learning is not upgraded. This study aimed to find EFL undergraduate students' insight toward the quality of online English learning during COVID-19 pandemic. There were 60 participants from this study, 30 from English major and 30 from non-English major. This study used quantitative method by applying survey design. However, government, institutions, and lecturers must work together to keep and increase the quality of online English learning.
Containing Functionality and Styling for Interactive Charts

This chapter extends Chapter 2 . It introduces an approach to updating interactive graphs to improve user experience. For instance, you learn how to add buttons and range sliders, among other functionalities. Besides that, it describes integrating multiple graphs into one graph with functionality.
Precedent Phenomena in the Process of Creating a Comic Effect in Slovak Internet Memes

In this article, we examine the humorous strategies and mechanism in memetic texts of the Slovak most popular satirical Internet community Zomri, which has more than 700 thousand followers on Facebook and Instagram.When examining the degree of sophistication of humour, its openness in relation to its recipients, we were interested in how often the articulations refer to universal, international, or pop culture phenomena, and to phenomena whose interpretation requires a specific Slovak linguistic and cultural competence.With the intention of comparing quantity, we created a narrower corpus of texts published on the Zomri community page in 2019 and observed the approximate proportion of use of both universal precedent (global) and national precedent (Slovak) phenomena and the ways of creating the comic effect associated with their use.We have come to the conclusion that authors of Slovak memetic texts turn to universal precedent phenomena more often than to national ones, and that the main ways of comic creation in the analysed memes were the so-called 'effect of deceived expectation and the unpredictability of the transformation and subsequent re-semantization of the verbal or visual component of the meme'.
Text as Causal Mediators: Research Design for Causal Estimates of Differential Treatment of Social Groups via Language Aspects

Using observed language to understand interpersonal interactions is important in high-stakes decision making. We propose a causal research design for observational (non-experimental) data to estimate the natural direct and indirect effects of social group signals (e.g. race or gender) on speakers’ responses with separate aspects of language as causal mediators. We illustrate the promises and challenges of this framework via a theoretical case study of the effect of an advocate’s gender on interruptions from justices during U.S. Supreme Court oral arguments. We also discuss challenges conceptualizing and operationalizing causal variables such as gender and language that comprise of many components, and we articulate technical open challenges such as temporal dependence between language mediators in conversational settings.
The Personal Potential of High School Students Studying in a Rural School

Abstract: In this scientific article based on a study of personal potential of senior high school students identified the personal criteria of students in rural and urban areas. In addition, summed up the effect of the place of residence on the development of personal potential. The article discusses the results of psychodiagnostics school students in rural and urban areas.
Performance Analysis of Image Retrieval based on Content Using GLCM and Correlogram YCBCR Techniques

This paper will focus on some specific features, particularly color/texture based features for general image searching applications. Features of single-textured images are extracted to construct a features vector by applying Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) for each textured image. In addition, GLCM is extended to colored textures by introducing a Correlation Histogram (YCbCr). The experimented results are explained in details with comparative analysis with other techniques.
Analysis the digital images by using morphology operators

In this paper, we deal with morphology images that try to improve the use of images. On the one hand, the process is used to obtain the histogram of the image then converted it into a non-colour image (gray scale). The next step is to perform the Erosion, Dilation, Open and Close operations on the images, how these methods have important effects, and how can be used on a variable number of images, and found the differences between them. These operations were applied on four different images, check images, four basic operations (Dilation, Erosion, Open and Close) for each image were performed. Then, retrieving process to the original state of the image (the coloured copy) was applied. The results found that retrieving the original images is difficult, and there is the occurrence of some noises on the image when it was retrieved. Finally, conclusions of the work are presented.
Towards Label-Agnostic Emotion Embeddings

Research in emotion analysis is scattered across different label formats (e.g., polarity types, basic emotion categories, and affective dimensions), linguistic levels (word vs. sentence vs. discourse), and, of course, (few well-resourced but much more under-resourced) natural languages and text genres (e.g., product reviews, tweets, news). The resulting heterogeneity makes data and software developed under these conflicting constraints hard to compare and challenging to integrate. To resolve this unsatisfactory state of affairs we here propose a training scheme that learns a shared latent representation of emotion independent from different label formats, natural languages, and even disparate model architectures. Experiments on a wide range of datasets indicate that this approach yields the desired interoperability without penalizing prediction quality. Code and data are archived under DOI 10.5281/zenodo.5466068.
어린이집 원장의 보육정책 인식 유형에 관한 Q방법론적 접근

Objective: This study was analyzed using the Q methodology in order to grasp the perception type and characteristics of the childcare policy of the childcare center director who is in charge of direct work in the field of childcare. Methods: After forming the Q recruitment group for the childcare policy, Q statements of 33 Q samples were extracted, 34 childcare center directors were selected as P samples, and 33 statements were collected through Q classification, and then the QUANL program was used. A Principal Component Factor Analysis was conducted. Results: As a result of the study, the perception of coaching competence was classified into four types. The first type is the “pursuit of childcare policy realization”. The second type is the “childcare protection policy promotion type”. The third type is the “childcare-first policy support pursuit type”. The 4th type is the “seeking change in childcare system”. Conclusions: Through this study, the perception of the childcare policy was confirmed by the childcare center directors, and based on these results, basic data for establishing the correct direction for the development of the childcare policy and the implementation plan were presented. In addition, this study conducted a research on the perception of childcare policy for childcare center directors, and further research on childcare policy perception is needed for various childcare-related persons such as parents and daycare teachers in the future.
Implementation of Online Learning Using the Google Platform by Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Class XI SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan

The background of this research is to find out about the application of PAI teachers in online learning using features on the Google platform located at SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan. The purpose of this study was to determine the online learning process using the features on the Google Platform along with the supporting factors and inhibiting factors that existed during the implementation of PAI learning by using the features on the Google Platform in class XI Islamic Religious Education SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan. This research is a type of qualitative research with descriptive analysis techniques. This research takes the background of SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan. Data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The implementation of Islamic Religious Education teachers in Online Learning using the Google Platform in Class XI SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan includes (a) learning preparation: preparing learning materials using Google Slides and Youtube media in the form of images and videos, (b) implementation of learning: learning activities using Google Classroom which include preliminary activities, core activities and closing with question and answer methods and quizzes (c) evaluation of learning: assessment of learning outcomes using Google Form in the form of quizzes and exams. (2) the factors that support online learning using the Google Platform, namely, schools facilitate wifi and computers for teachers, as well as the inhibiting factors for online learning using the Google platform, namely, the limited access of students to the internet and mobile devices
A proposal of ethical competence model for cyber security organization

A proactive cyber security plan to safeguard confidential information and privacy still lacks initiatives to avoid frequent harmful attacks. Cybersecurity professionals must possess ethical competence and prove worthy of overseeing valuable information for efficient decision‐making since ethical competence is fundamental for daily practice. There is a need to define what it means to be ethically competent in the era of IR4.0. The previous competence models still lack consideration of both Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) skills. AI brings new opportunities to cyber security organizations that focus on AI skills related to cognitive Intelligence or Intelligent Quotient (IQ). EI, which refers to Emotional Quotient (EQ), is a good predictor of ethical competence as it can perceive and express emotions precisely to facilitate thought to understand and manage emotions. However, practically, most cyber security organizations focused on AI skills and disregarded EI skills' roles. This research proposes a Cyber Artemotional Model that blends AI skills and EI skills for cyber security employees. This research would benefit cyber security organizations with Cyber Artemotional Model as Employees Ethical Competence assessment, and it is in line with the demand of IR4.0.
ENCRYPTION AND DATA INSERTION TECHNIQUE USING REGION DIVISION AND HISTOGRAM MANIPULATION

Traditionally, encryption is applied to mask the semantic of a content, while data insertion adds data to a content for management purpose. In this work, a joint encryption and data insertion method is proposed. The input image is divided into 2 parts, where the first part is manipulated to mask the perceptual semantics, while the second part is processed to hide data. The binary image, which is the data to be inserted, further divides the second part of the input image into 2 regions, one being the ‘zero’ region and the other being the ‘one’ region. Pixels of the original image at position coinciding with the ‘zero’ region are darken, while those coinciding with the ‘one’ region are brightened. The darkening and brightening processes are performed by using histogram matching technique. Furthermore, two techniques are introduced to improve robustness of the inserted binary image against basic image processing operations. The proposed joint method allows the inserted binary image to be extracted directly from the masked image or from the reconstructed image. The proposed method is also commutative because the same result is achieved irregardless of the order of processing in encrypting and inserting data.
Development of AR Application for Product Museum

Augmented reality is a newer technology than VR, with an interdisciplinary application framework in which education appears to be the most researched fields. Indeed, augmented reality (AR) can help with learning by improving material comprehension and memory retention, as well as learning motivation. However, while VR benefits from better defined and distinct sectors of application and study, AR is still growing in scientific contexts.AR is an efficient approach to represent a model that requires visualization. It also enables seamless interaction between the real and virtual worlds, as well as the utilization of a tactile interface metaphor for object handling.
Editing a classifier by rewriting its prediction rules

We present a methodology for modifying the behavior of a classifier by directly rewriting its prediction rules. Our approach requires virtually no additional data collection and can be applied to a variety of settings, including adapting a model to new environments, and modifying it to ignore spurious features. Our code is available at https://github.com/MadryLab/EditingClassifiers .
Cybercrime in Ghana and the Reaction of the Law

Since the advent of the internet, the world has become a global community. This is because through the worldwide web links information is being passed on and received almost instantaneously or in real time. People from different locations are able to communicate with one another by exploring social media platforms to advance their course. However, the increasingly use of the internet has fueled the emergence of cybercrime in Ghana and concerns have been raised by people in the position of trust about whether our current laws are robust to deal with the menace. The main thrust of the study was therefore to examine how the law enforcement agencies, especially the police and the judiciary are reacting to the cybercrime peril in the country. A total of nine (9) respondents took part in the study. Structured interview guide was employed as data collection instrument. In the data analysis, each of the in-depth interviews was transcribed as soon as the information is gathered and developed them into codes. The study revealed that the Ghana Police Service efforts to thwart the menace are being limited by factors such as computer crime investigators, ultramodern equipment, and cooperation from the Internet Service Providers to adduce electronic evidence. In addition, the Electronic Transaction Act of 2008, (Act 772) needs to be reviewed to accommodate the new challenges that have emerged in the cyber ecosystem. It was concluded from the discussions that a progressive capacity building programmes should be organized for law enforcement agencies to enable them acquire ICT skills to deal with cyber laws.