Coral Reef Fish Lexicon In Bunaken Sea Park: An Ecolinguistic Study

Ecolinguistics is a branch of linguistics that studies the reciprocal changes between the environment and language. More specifically, this study deals, with the changes that occur in language. Language is a critical threshold and is increasingly challenging to live and survive and is inherited to younger users. This phenomenon also occurs in the Bunaken Marine Park where tourist arrivals exceed the carrying capacity by bringing foreign languages as a minority language that shift the mayority of local language therefore the local language in the Bunaken Marine Park, gradually begins to be abandoned by the next generation. The aims of this research are to identify the fish name lexicon in Bunaken Marine Park, inventory the fish name lexicon, the fish naming process and the meanings of these names.The research method used is qualitative method with a descriptive format by providing an overview of the search for fish name lexicons analyzing the number of fish name lexicons, tabulating the known and the unknown fish name lexicons and conducting descussion group forum. While the population and sample are selected based on spradley's opinion (1980) which states that the selection of the population and sample of a qualitative research uses social situation, that is, by the direct involvement of the informants in the BunakenMarine Park consisting of actors, fishermen, community, tourism actors, dive guides, NGO activists who synergically interact with purposive sampling where the respondents were selected based on the needs including the community from 5 islands represented by those who were 17 to 70 years old and the chosen sites were 17 diving sports in the Bunaken Marine Park.The fish name lexicons found consisted of 161 word structures with the following details: 102 noun word structures,94 adjective word structures, 2 verb structure , preposition word 4 and 1 numerical word structure. The researchers found that 161 fish name lexicons have been replaced and are almost extrinct and can be reused by users of the Bunaken Community in the ecolinguistic study while the naming process found 53 species of fish named based on similarities, 31 based on the mention of body parts, 28 based on the fish color, 20 based on body shapes, 17 based on the mention of the nature, 8 based on the origin of fish, 8 based on the fish size, 5 based on the fish way of moving, 2 based on the abridgment, 2 based on the fish facial expression, 1 based on the cultural meaning, and 1 based on the emotional relation.The result of this study show that this fish name lexicons were obtained from local wisdom that must be maintained for future generation and passed down from generation to generation as the identity of the Indonesean nation and as a wealth that must be maintained. Therefore, the researcher will socialize these results to the community of tourism actors and will make the lex encyclopedia of fish in the local language as the output of this research that will be used by the community and even the actors of tourism for the preservation of the fish lexicons in the local language of Bunaken.Marine Park consisting of actors, fishermen, community, tourism actors, dive guides, NGO activists who synergically interact with purposive sampling where the respondents were selected based on the needs including the community from 5 islands represented by those who were 17 to 70 years old and the chosen sites were 17 diving sports in the Bunaken Marine Park.The fish name lexicons found consisted of 161 word structures with the following details: 102 noun word structures,94 adjective word structures, 2 verb structure , preposition word 4 and 1 numerical word structure. The researchers found that 161 fish name lexicons have been replaced and are almost extrinct and can be reused by users of the Bunaken Community in the ecolinguistic study while the naming process found 53 species of fish named based on similarities, 31 based on the mention of body parts, 28 based on the fish color, 20 based on body shapes, 17 based on the mention of the nature, 8 based on the origin of fish, 8 based on the fish size, 5 based on the fish way of moving, 2 based on the abridgment, 2 based on the fish facial expression, 1 based on the cultural meaning, and 1 based on the emotional relation.The result of this study show that this fish name lexicons were obtained from local wisdom that must be maintained for future generation and passed down from generation to generation as the identity of the Indonesean nation and as a wealth that must be maintained. Therefore, the researcher will socialize these results to the community of tourism actors and will make the lex encyclopedia of fish in the local language as the output of this research that will be used by the community and even the actors of tourism for the preservation of the fish lexicons in the local language of Bunaken.