Consensus algorithm based on verifiable quantum random numbers

International Journal of Intelligent SystemsEarly View RESEARCH ARTICLE Consensus algorithm based on verifiable quantum random numbers Ping Wang, Corresponding Author Ping Wang wangping@szu.edu.cn orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-1498 College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen, China Correspondence Ping Wang, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, 518060 Shenzhen, China. Email: wangping@szu.edu.cnSearch for more papers by this authorWeiqian Chen, Weiqian Chen orcid.org/0000-0002-2912-570X Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorSonglian Lin, Songlian Lin Institute of Huangpu Research, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLiyan Liu, Liyan Liu orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-1831 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZhiwei Sun, Zhiwei Sun orcid.org/0000-0002-9798-141X School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen PolyTechnic, Shenzhen, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorFangguo Zhang, Fangguo Zhang orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-6413 School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Ping Wang, Corresponding Author Ping Wang wangping@szu.edu.cn orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-1498 College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen, China Correspondence Ping Wang, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, 518060 Shenzhen, China. Email: wangping@szu.edu.cnSearch for more papers by this authorWeiqian Chen, Weiqian Chen orcid.org/0000-0002-2912-570X Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorSonglian Lin, Songlian Lin Institute of Huangpu Research, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLiyan Liu, Liyan Liu orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-1831 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZhiwei Sun, Zhiwei Sun orcid.org/0000-0002-9798-141X School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen PolyTechnic, Shenzhen, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorFangguo Zhang, Fangguo Zhang orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-6413 School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 March 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22865Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Blockchain systems based on the proof-of-work (PoW) consensus introduce entropy to the system in a natural way due to the randomness of mining. However, for non-PoW consensus (e.g., proof-of-stake and delegated proof-of-stake consensus) blockchain systems, a different approach to introducing entropy, such as the distributed random number generation (dRNG) algorithm, must be established. The dRNG algorithm is one of the key challenges in developing the consensus mechanism, as well as one of the relevant parameters for determining the merit of the consensus mechanism. In this paper, we first derive a publicly verifiable quantum random numbers generation protocol based on the certifiable randomness scheme from any untrusted quantum device, which offers features, such as fairness, no trusted third party, and publicly verifiable. Then, based on verifiable quantum random numbers, we propose a new consensus algorithm. The algorithm selects block proposer and block verification committees for each round using verifiable quantum random numbers, resulting in better randomness, fairness, and efficiency of the entire consensus process. In addition, the new consensus algorithm is not only resistant to adaptive adversary models as well as to collusion attacks, but also requires negligible computation for each user to avoid unnecessary consumption of power resources. Finally, we analyze the verifiable randomness, fairness, liveness, and communication complexity of the consensus algorithm. Open Research DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation