Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Universal Randomized Guessing with Application to Asynchronous Decentralized Brute—Force Attacks

Consider the problem of guessing a random vector X by submitting queries (guesses) of the form "Is X equal to x?" until an affirmative answer is obtained. A key figure of merit is the number of queries required until the right vector is guessed, termed the guesswork. The goal is to devise a guessing strategy which minimizes a certain guesswork moment. We study a universal, decentralized scenario where the guesser does not know the distribution of X, and is not allowed to prepare a list of words to be guessed in advance, or to remember its past guesses. Such a scenario is useful, for example, if bots within a Botnet carry out a brute-force attack to guess a password or decrypt a message, yet cannot coordinate the guesses or even know how many bots actually participate in the attack. We devise universal decentralized guessing strategies, first, for memoryless sources, and then generalize them to finite-state sources. For both, we derive the guessing exponent and prove its asymptotic optimality by deriving a matching converse. The strategies are based on randomized guessing using a universal distribution. We also extend the results to guessing with side information (SI). Finally, we design simple algorithms for sampling from the universal distributions.
Innovations in Higher Education for Teaching and Learning using Technology

Education is regarded as a process of interaction and interpersonal communication .In twenty first century with the appropriate use of evolving information and communication technologies (ICT), there is innovation in education system.Knowledge and technology plays an important role in teaching and learning methodology.An innovative educator constantly formulate new ways and approaches to teaching and learning to maximize the output .Today since world is moving rapidly into digital media and information, so the role of ICT in education is very important .Higher education in the country is experiencing a major transformation in terms of access, equity and quality.ICT based education causes changes in the educational objectives in the conception of the teaching and learning process.Approaches of technology and innovative teaching techniques in higher education is necessary .Also measures required for technology based education need to be considered.In this regard, the paper addresses the innovations in higher education by integration of technology in various aspects of higher education in the present scenario.
An Efficient Traceable and Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Permissioned Blockchain

Blockchain has become a hot topic in recent years. Many applications apply permissioned blockchain to achieve secure data sharing across organizations such as healthcare blockchain. In the permissioned blockchain, on the one hand, the blockchain system is required to support efficient and dynamic authentication for adding and deleting users in a distributed environment. On the other hand, in some particular applications such as healthcare domain, users prefer to keep anonymity in the process of authentication. Although many solutions for anonymous authentication have been proposed, they often require the participation of a central trusted party in the process of authentication and are not efficient enough. In this paper, we focus on designing an efficient traceable and anonymous authentication scheme, which supports efficient authentication while without revealing user’s identity information and does not requires the participation of a central trusted party. While, in case of dispute, the identity of users can be revealed. Moreover, the proposed scheme is able to support dynamic adding and deleting users. Finally, we analyze the security and privacy properties of the proposed scheme and evaluate its performance in terms of computational cost. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is more efficient than exist schemes and can be easily deployed in the permissioned blockchain.
TEACHER TEACHING STYLES IN INTRODUCING CONCEPT MAPPING STRATEGY IN READING COMPREHENSION ACTIVITY AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN MEUREUDU, ACEH

The objective of this study is to learn how English teachers’ teaching style at Senior High Schools (SMAs) in Meureudu in introducing concept mapping strategy in delivering reading comprehension lesson. In teaching Reading Comprehension, different teaching styles gives different students learning experience and output, and using concept mapping, students are stimulated to have better control over their comprehension. This study was conducted at SMA 1 Meureudu and SMA 2 Meureudu, a town located 123 kms from Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Very often, English classes in schools located far from the main cities in Aceh suffer from lack interesting activity The study was using qualitative approach through class activity observations and interviews. Concept mapping activities facilitated by the teachers at SMA 1 Meureudu used digital projector and paper handouts as the media for the group activities. The teacher of SMA 2 Meureudu used only handout paper as a medium and by pairing the students. The findings of this study showed that the teaching styles in delivering reading activity using the concept mapping activity used by the teachers in both schools differ in the way how the teacher assign student to work on the task. The students were found to be more fully engaged in the reading activity with concept mapping compared to any past reading activities using translating line-by-line and answering questions. Assigning group reading task also help boost the students motivation and collaborative responsibility to learn.
The turn-taking mechanism in classroom interactions of public high school 2 Ambon

A special feature of class interaction discourse relates to typical elements of context. The elements of the context include the participants, the background, the topic, the nature of the message, and the message tone. Teachers are more dominant to organize the course of teaching and learning activities, such as topic selection, topic development, and control of conversation topics or learning topics. Teachers determine the direction of a conversation or turn-taking, ie when an opportunity is given to students to speak and when to take the rotation-said. The characteristics of learning conversations are (1) the participants are teachers and students, (2) the conversation is done during the teaching and learning activities, (3) the conversation has a purpose, and the topic is related to the learning objectives. . In addition teachers also have certain rights that usually appear in the teacher-centered classroom. These rights include (a) participating in all interactions, (b) initiating interactions, (c) determining the time to participate, (d) determining who is given the opportunity to interact, (e) determining who gets a turn more than once, and (f) closing the interaction. The mechanism of teacher-student turn-taking in classroom learning activities can be done by (1) getting opportunities (2) stealing opportunities, (3) seizing opportunities, (4) replacing, and (5) continuing.
Using brochure as a media in teaching reading descriptive text among the eight grade students of SMPN 1 Jiwan

The objectives of this research are: 1) to know how is the implementation of Brochure to teach reading for the eight grade students of SMPN 1 Jiwan, 2) to find out the advantages of the implementation of brochure to teach reading for the eight grade students of SMPN 1 Jiwan, 3) to find out the disadvantages of teaching reading descriptive text to the eight grade students of SMP N 1 Jiwan in schoooling year of 2016/2017. The research approach and type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. This research was held on SMP N 1 Jiwan, focus on the eight grade students. The source of data of this research are social situation, participant and document. The participant of this research are the students of class VIII G. In this research, the researcher as observer in the class. To get the data, the researcher uses observation, interview, and documentation. The technique of data analysis that used in this research are data condensation, data display, and drawing or verifying conclusion. The result of the research are 1) the implementation of Brochure as a media to teach reading divided into three stages, they are (a) pre- activities included greeting, checking students’ attendance, and build background knowledge, (b) whilst activities included giving the explanation about the materials, and the implementation of brochure as a media, (c) post activities included review the materials, asking the students difficulties, gives a conclusion, and closing. 2) the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of brochure as a media. The advantages are to increase the students interesting in following teaching reading, this media can helps the students to finish their task to answer all the questions, and to makes the students do not feel bored in teaching reading process. While, the disadvantages by using brochure that are some students still passive during teaching reading process, the students have less vocabularies make the students feel difficult to translate the meaning of the text. Based on the research, the researcher gives some suggestion. The teacher is suggested to use this media especially in teaching reading descriptive text. The students should increase their vocabulary in order to makes the students be easier to understand the meaning of the text. The future researcher are suggest to conduct other research in english teaching especially for teaching reading.
TEST METHOD OF LUMINANCE DYNAMIC RANGE FOR HDR CAMERA WITH CMOS IMAGE SENSOR

We present a test method of luminance dynamic range for a CMOS-based HDR camera, which provides a practical solution with a cost-effective instrumentation.The method is based on the separate measurements of the relative linearity and the absolute scaling.The relative linearity measurement is performed in the illuminance mode for the CMOS image sensor without lens system by using a collimated beam.The absolute scaling measurement is performed for the camera including the lens system against an integrating sphere source at a moderate luminance level.Combining these two measurements, we obtain a linearity plot of the camera reading signal against object luminance, from which the saturation luminance and the noise equivalent luminance are determined.The method is demonstrated for a HDR camera with a dynamic range of 20,000:1.
PENERAPAN METODEBERMAIN ANAK USIA DINI PADA KELOMPOK B UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG PERMULAAN DI TK AL-FALAH

Sensitive period is the right time to instill the basis of the importance of counting. In addition to counting skills that must be developed also pay attention to the application of learning used. However, in the learning process, teachers often forget the importance of playing methods. If too often with giving assignments the child will feel bored, therefore what is used is the method of playing. Play method is one method that can be used by teachers to teach the ability to count children in the beginning. Based on this background, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of playing methods on initial numeracy skills. This study used the Quasi Experiment method with the Nonequevalent Control Group Design research design. The results of the pre test showed that there were no significant differences in the experimental group and the control group with p-value&gt; 0.05, which was 0.135&gt; 0.05 which was tested by the two average test results. While the post-test results showed that the initial numeracy ability after the application of the playing method experienced a significant difference with the p-value &lt;0.05, that is with the results of 0.0001 with the Mann-Whitney test. This method of playing can be used as a learning suggestion for educators to improve their ability to have an early start.
Transcranial Theory of Mind: A New Revolution of Cognitive Science

In recent years, many scientists and philosophers have begun to believe that a new theoretic revolution is occurring in cognitive science.The revolution is the rise of theoretical models of "4E+S" cognition."4E" denotes "embodied", "embedded", "enacted", and "extended"; "S" denotes "situated".Differentiating from the traditional computational theory or representational theory of cognition, this branch of new cognitive scientists and philosophers have begun to claim that cognition is embodied, embedded, enacted, extended and situated.All of these five theories agree that cognitive processes can proceed beyond the boundary of the brain.Thus we can synthesize them together as "transcranial cognition" or "transbrain cognition".The questions are: Are there common characteristics of these five models?Can we integrate them together with a new model of cognition?Is the "4E+S" model a real Copernicus style revolution of cognitive science?This article analyzes these questions and provides the following answers: There is a common characteristics of these cognitive theories and it is the characteristics of transcranialness, i. e. cognition or mind can exist beyond brain; We can integrate them together as transcranial cognition; The new theory of cognition or mind is a new big extended theory of traditional cognitive science.
An Improved Hand Tracking Algorithm for Chinese Sign Language Recognition

In the process of sign language recognition, whether the tracking algorithm can accurately track the hand directly determines the final recognition result. The KCF(kernelized correlation filter) tracking algorithm is generally used at present. It uses the kernelized correlation filter to detect the position of the tracked target. However, it can only track single-scale targets and does not handle the occlusion problem well. In sign language, the size of the hand being tracked changes constantly. Deformation of the hand can also result in partial or even complete occlusion. Based on the traditional KCF tracking algorithm, a method to establish an independent scale filter for multi-scale tracking is proposed. Kalman filtering algorithm and adaptive model updating strategy are introduced to solve the occlusion problem. Experiments show that the improved algorithm can detect the position and scale of the hand effectively and track the hand well under occlusion.
Developing a standardized tool for assessing the ICT competence of the agricultural extension personnel

Knowledge and information is the key ingredient for driving the engine socio-economic progress of an economy in the present century. Therefore, development in 21st century is driven by the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for collection, storage, processing, retrieval and dissemination of the agriculture information to farmers. ICTs offer means of facilitating two-way interaction in an easy, fast and reliable way between research-extension-farmer systems. In order to reap the potential benefits of ICTs in agriculture, development functionaries must be well competent in using all means of information and communications technologies for extension. Extension personnel’s competence in using ICTs for agriculture and allied activities benefit’s the individual, organizations and nation. Accordingly, the thrust of training for extensionists’ should be aligned towards designing competency-based ICT trainings. The preliminary step for planning a competency-based ICT training programme is assessment of the training gap i.e. difference between existing and required ICT competencies of extension personnel. Studies done earlier in this context are very diverse and focus on specific ICTs, rather than whole. This paper presents a set of standardized 45 statements for measuring the ICT competence of the extension personnel. A total of 118 statements were sent to 154 experts for relevancy testing through online Google form. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software and MS Excel. With the use of outlier analysis, factor analysis and reliability analysis, ICT competence tool for extension personnel were finalized. The competency tool will contribute towards effective human resource development interventions for the extension personnel.
Segmenting Junction Regions Without Skeletonization Using Geodesic Operators and the Max-Tree

In a 2D skeleton, a junction region indicates a connected component (CC) where a path splits into two or more different branches. In several real applications, structures of interest such as vessels, cables, fibers, wrinkles, etc. may be wider than one pixel. Since the user may be interested in the junction regions but not in the skeleton itself (e.g. in order to segment an object into single branches), it is reasonable to think about finding junction regions directly on objects avoiding skeletonization. In this paper we propose a solution to find junction regions directly on objects, which are usually elongated structures, but not necessary thin skeletons, with possible protrusions and noise. Our method is based on geodesic operators and is intended to work on binary objects without holes. In particular, our method is based on the analysis of the wavefront evolution during geodesic propagation. Our method is generic and does not require skeletonization. It provides an intuitive and straightforward way to filter short branches and protuberances. Moreover, an elegant and efficient implementation using a max-tree representation is proposed.
Modelling Glottal Flow Derivative Signal for Detection of Replay Speech Samples

It is a widely known fact that automatic speaker verification systems are quite vulnerable to replay speech. The present work deals with detecting replay speech by using the information available in glottal flow derivative (GFD) signal. In signal processing terms, the speech signal can be represented as the response of a vocal-tract system with excited by a excitation source in the form of glottal flow. The effect of record and replay devices distorted the spectral characteristics of the naturally uttered speech sample, resulting distortion in corresponding GFD signals. In this work the GFD signals are parameterized by using standard mel filters and Gaussian mixtures models are made for detection. Although various methods are available, by correlation analysis it is observed that in the context of the present work the dynamic programming phase slope algorithm (DYPSA) method is relatively more effective in estimating the GFD signals. The experimental studies are made on ASVSpoof2017 database. The proposed glottal flow derivative mel frequency cepstral coefficients (GFDMFCC) feature provides 20.53% equal error rate (EER). This performance is comparatively poor than by speech and residual based features. It is mainly due to the absence of fine structure information in estimated GFD signal. However, in fusion with speech signal based constant-Q cepstral coefficients (CQCC) features, the GFDMFCC feature provides an improvement of 10.30% with reference to conventional residual feature. This shows the usefulness of modelling GFD signals for detection of replay signals.
PRONUNCIATION PROBLEMS OF ENGLISH STOP SOUND MADE BY THE SECOND GRADERS OF SMA PANJURA MALANG

Pronunciation is the most important part in English. As we knows students are always marked by different activities, such as learning activities, private lessons, and course, students can learn better from these activities. This study is aimed to know the pronunciation problems of certain significant English stop sound among the second graders of SMA Panjura Malang and in what position of words the problems occur. This research was a qualitative desctiptive design. The instruments were 50 words, containing voiceless stop of /p/, /t/, /k/ in initial, medial, and final position; each contains five or six intended sounds in different position of words to test the students, and a cell phone to record the pronunciation of the students. The results showed that the most problematic sounds for the students were the aspirated consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ which appeared in initial, medial, and final positions of words. The comparison of both Indonesian and English for the most problematic words showed that one factor that might cause the pronunciation problems of English stop sounds are: (1) there are sounds in English which are phonemic, but they are not phonemic in Indonesian, (2) there are some sounds which do not exist Indonesian, but they exist in English, (3) there are sounds which are voiced in English but they are voiceless in Indonesian, (4) these are sounds pronounced with aspiration in English, but not in Indonesian. Another indication of the cause is the unfamiliarity of the students toward the words. The results are hoped to be the feedback for the teachers to give model in minimal pairs to the students and be able to improve the pronunciation problems of their students.Keywords; pronunciation, segmental sounds, voiceless stop, consonants.
ICT-tools for internationalization of continuous education

Problem and goal. Continuous education is a process of growth of educational (general and professional) potential of the individual throughout life via the use of the system of state and public institutions and in accordance with the needs of the individual and society. The need for continuous education arises due to the progress of science and technology, the widespread use of innovative technologies. Internationalization stands for the intentional process of integrating an international, intercultural or global dimension into the purpose, functions and delivery of education. Information and telecommunication technologies nowadays are a significant part of modern learning and play an important role in continuous education that uses different ICT-tools for its purposes but depending on the interpretation continuing education concept has its own specifics. Accordingly, various procedures for the use of information and telecommunication technologies are in demand. To make the application of ICT-tools for continuous education relevant to the specialized goals one should clearly understand the correlation among aims of continuous learning and ICT-tools. Methodology. Various procedures for the use of information and telecommunication technologies that are in demand for purposes of internationalization of continuous education are considered. A brief review of scope of ICT-tools and their potential and relevance to the specific aims of internationalization of continuous learning is given. Results. Internationalization of education and development of continuous education are nowadays very important processes all around the world. There are some main trends in application of ICT-tools/ technologies in internationalization of higher education currently being developed and widely used. Mostly all of ICT-tools/technologies can be used in continuous education to solve problems similar to higher education. Meanwhile new ICT-tools/technologies - virtual mobility, distant academic mobility and electronic internationalization - have great potential to be applied for internationalization under specific conditions of continuous education. Conclusion. It is demonstrated that information and telecommunication technologies supply internationalization of continuous education with not only well known ICT-tools/technologies but also new ones with powerful potential.