Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Models, <i>p</i>-values, and hypotheses

Abstract This chapter is concerned with testing hypotheses concerning relevant features of the unknown population. Examples are: the hypothesis that the population mean has a certain value; the hypothesis that the probability of a particular event is a specified amount; the hypothesis that events occur at random times, the hypothesis that two samples have been drawn fro the same population. The framework for testing such hypotheses requires the analyst to specify an alternative to the ‘null’ hypothesis of interest. The alternative might be ‘the value is not the one specified’ or it might be one-sided: ‘the value is greater than that’. The key to testing a hypothesis is the so-called pvalue which is the probability of the observed value, or a more extreme value, occurring by chance if the null hypothesis were correct. A p-value of between 1% and 5% should alert the analyst to look closely at the situation, while any smaller p-value would be regarded as a clear sign that the null hypothesis was incorrect.
Classification

Abstract This chapter introduces several methods for dividing a set of multi-variable data into groups of similar individuals. To judge the success of a method, a data set where the true classes are known into two parts called the training set and the test set. Each method uses the data in the training set to make predictions about the classes of the members in the test set. One method, naive Bayes, determines, for each test individual, the probability (based on the background characteristics) of that individual belonging to a particular class. The class with the highest probability is selected k-nearest neighbour approach studies the classes of the k members in the test set that have the most similar backgrounds to the test individual. Another method, the classification tree, is based on the successive splits of the data that effectively form classes for the test set; selecting random tests sets then leads to a so-called random forest. A final possibility is to take the majority vote from a number of different types of classifier.
The Circle Sub-Cultural Vocabulary and Its Influence on Semantic Culture and Lexical Use of Chinese

The term circle sub-cultural vocabulary refers to words that transformed or coined within network circles, adapting to the Chinese lexical system. Some of them take on the characteristics of memes, relying heavily on social media platforms and gradually becoming part of Internet users' daily communication. They influence the Chinese lexical system, contemporary semantic culture, and people's language use habits. This study systematically explores words adopted within network circles, categorizing them based on distinct lexical origins and transformation modes. In general, circle sub-cultural vocabulary exhibits traits of separability, economy, and integration. Structurally, these words are not confined by syntactic rules. Conceptually, their semantics tend to become more abstract and general, reflecting the non-categorization characteristics of language. However, the use of circle sub-cultural words has led to emergence of dross semantic and destigmatization to some extent, exerting a negative influence on college students' lexical selection and usage.
PELATIHAN SOFTWARE AKUNTANSI ACCURATE DALAM MENGHADAPI DUNIA KERJA DI SMA SWASTA WIYATA DHARMA MEDAN

At present, this type of business cannot be separated from calculations in financial terms, both related to capital, profits and losses. Both small, medium and large scale businesses must be related to financial and accounting issues in their management. Along with technological developments, the use of accounting software can help companies so that they can minimize errors and company productivity in terms of efficiency. But unfortunately not many schools have introduced or implemented learning about this accounting software into their curriculum, especially in high school (SMA). Accurate software is accounting software that helps to record books and makes it easier to manage financial data with the right level of accuracy in calculations. Wiyata Dharma Private High School is an educational institution with a high school level which, in carrying out its activities under the auspices of the Ministry of Education and Culture, currently has not introduced or applied knowledge regarding the use of accounting software, namely the Accurate application. So the purpose of this Community Service Activity is to provide training to students in the introduction and use of digital-based accounting applications for the process of recording business activities in the business world and increase the abilities and skills of Wiyata Dharma Medan Private High School students so they can compete in the world job after graduating from school. This training is carried out directly by applying the use of accurate applications with case studies provided by the service team. Based on the results of the answers to the training participants' questionnaires, it can be seen that there is an increased understanding of the use of accurate applications before and after training. So it can be concluded that the Training on the Use of Digital Accounting Applications (accurate applications) was successful.
PENYULUHAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI BAGI SISWA-SISWI PADA SMA GKPI PADANG BULAN MEDAN

Information technology plays a very important role in the world of education, especially when blended learning is carried out, where there is a combination of face-to-face and virtual meetings. In addition, Blended Learning is a part or element of social interaction that grows and develops among students. Face-to-face meetings prioritize direct interaction both gestures or body language, voice intonation and eye gaze. There is strong information technology support that bridges interpersonal interactions, so this also influences the interactions between teachers/educators and students. Practical, eye-catching and easy to carry around, making Laptops or Smartphones a very popular Information and Communication Technology product, Blended Learning is no exception. The applications used are also very easy to install and some are even free, for example Kahoot!, Quizizz, Padlet and Canva.
The Challenges of Collecting Digital Evidence Across Borders

In the modern world, the use of ICT communication technologies has become an integral part of life. ICT infrastructure is the bearer of digital traces of both legal and illegal activities performed through it. However, for something to become digital evidence, it must be obtained by law and by a person authorised by law. Namely, the virtual infrastructure, especially the Internet and the new challenges brought to us by cloud architectue due to its physical positioning outside national borders, calls into question the legality of searching and collecting digital evidence outside national borders. This paper analyses the legal basis for collecting digital evidence in cyberspace internationally, such as the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, the US Cloud Act, the Australian Decryption Act and the European GDPR. Although the Court of Justice of the European Union declared invalid the decision of the European Commission (EU) 2016/1250 on the adequacy of data protection provided through the EU-US Privacy Shield, experts must not stop looking for a solution to the apparent problem. The paper intends to support decision-makers in taking clear national positions regarding the above controversial legal norms and their mutual conflict. The paper compares the legal consequences of such collection, and the acceptability of such digital evidence, and such collection may also be associated with a breach of the privacy of a legal and private entity.
Review of <i>The Puzzle Master</i> by Danielle TrussoniTrussoni, Danielle. 2023. <i>The Puzzle Master</i> . New York, NY: Random House. https://www.randomhousebooks.com/. 362 pages, ISBN 978-0-593-59529-9. $22.95

"Review of The Puzzle Master by Danielle Trussoni." Cryptologia, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2 Notes1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefirot; see also http://www.maqom.com/journal/paper14.pdf for a fuller discussion of the Sefirot3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_ben_Abraham_Gikatilla4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_AbulafiaAdditional informationNotes on contributorsJohn F. DooleyJohn F. Dooley is the William and Marilyn Ingersoll Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois. His research interests are in the history of cryptology, computer security, cryptology in fiction, software development in small groups, and computer science education. His latest book is The Gambler and the Scholars: Herbert Yardley, William & Elizebeth Friedman, and the Birth of Modern American Cryptology published by Springer.
Stochastic approach to evolution of a quantum system interacting with environment in squeezed number state

Abstract We determine filtering and master equations for a quantum system interacting with wave packet of light in a continuous-mode squeezed number state. We formulate the problem of conditional evolution of a quantum system making use of model of repeated interactions and measurements. In this approach, the quantum system undergoes a sequence of interactions with an environment defined by a chain of harmonic oscillators. We assume that the environment is prepared in an entangled state being a discrete analogue of a continuous-mode squeezed number state. We present a derivation of a discrete stochastic dynamics that depends on the results of measurement performed on the field after its interaction with the system. In this paper, we consider a photon counting measurement scheme. By taking a continuous time limit, we finally obtain differential stochastic equations for the system. Analytical formulae for quantum trajectories and exclusive probability densities that allow to fully characterize the statistics of photons in the output field are given.
The use of emojis on social media platforms in facilitating inter-cultural communication

The aim of this research is to explore the use of emojis on social media platforms in facilitating inter-cultural communications. Upon analysis, it is found out that emojis can be comprehended differently in different cultural contexts. Moreover, in some countries or minor cultural groups, emojis are even banned to be used in daily communication processes as they may trigger defence. The use of emojis, is appropriately, can help reduce cultural misunderstandings as emojis can help express nuanced emotional states of message senders. From the perspective of receivers, understanding emojis' meanings well and in consistent with different cultural contexts, can help them understand personality traits and attitudes held by message senders. Lastly, using emojis can increasing inter-cultural communication intention and efficiency, as emojis can attract online users to communicate with one another more frequently.
Logic of knowledge with infinitely many agents

Cut-free sequent calculus for logic of knowledge with infinitely many agents, based on multimodul S5n.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MENULIS NARRATIVE TEXT MELALUI METODE CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING (CTL) KELAS IX A SMP NEGERI 4 PRACIMANTORO

This is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) study. The research subjects are 27 students in Grade IX-A at State Junior High School 4 Pracimantoro. Data collection techniques include written tests, observation, and documentation. The research procedure is conducted through two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. CTL consist of 4 steps, they are invitation, eksploration, explaining and solution also action taking. Invitation consists of material explanation and discussion. Exploration consists of making a group, share a series pictures to each group about narrative text, observation also discussion and arrange a series pictures. Explanation and solution consists presentation of the group discussion result after doing observation and analysis then other group give respond also take summary from the discussion. Action taking consist expressing opinion, asking and answer and give suggestion that have relation with solving problem. The research results were able to answer the research question, which was to improve the narrative writing skills in each cycle. In the initial stage, the class had an average score of 50.59 with a mastery percentage of 7.41% (2 students). In Cycle I, meeting I, the average score improved to 61.33 with a mastery percentage of 25.93% (7 students). In Cycle I, meeting II, the average score further increased to 68.92 with a mastery percentage of 44.44% (12 students). In Cycle II, meeting I, the class achieved an average score of 74.15 with a mastery percentage of 70.37% (19 students), while in Cycle II, meeting II, the average score was 77.41 with a mastery percentage of 88.89% (24 students).
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VI SD NEGERI I MINGGARHARJO DENGAN PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBING PROMPTING PADA SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022/2023

This research aims to find efforts 1) Improving mathematics learning activities through cooperative model of Probing prompting type. 2) Motivation of math learning outcomes. Learners are the subject of education, who actively shape mathematics learning achievement in themselves. In order to be able to obtain good math achievement, an attitude or motivation is needed as a teaching provision to learn well. The research used the Classroom Action Research method. Conducted as many as two cycles. The subjects in this study were grade VI students of SD Negeri I Minggarharjo even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. Learning activities were measured by student observation instruments, while math learning achievement and student responses were taken from test results and field notes at the end of each cycle. The results of the analysis showed that the activity and achievement of grade VI mathematics learning at SD Negeri I Minggarharjo increased, which was marked by an increase in the average value of activity and student test results from cycle I to cycle II. The application of probing prompting model learning provides a positive response for students research aims to improve poetry creative writing skills using audio-visual media. The subjects of this.
A Novel Approach for Energy-Efficient Container Migration by Using Gradient Descent Namib Beetle Optimization

Cloud services are increasingly available through containers due to their scalability, portability, and reliable deployment, particularly in microservices and smart vehicles. The scheduler component of cloud containers plays a crucial role in optimizing energy efficiency and minimizing costs due to the diversity of workloads and cloud resources. The growing demand for cloud services poses a challenge in terms of energy consumption. Optimizing energy consumption in servers is possible by utilizing live migration technology. This study aims to propose a hybrid model that facilitates the migration of containers from one server to another using Gradient Descent Namib Beetle Optimization (GNBO) algorithms, thereby reducing the energy consumption of cloud servers. The work is carried out through cloud simulation using Physical Machines (PM), Virtual Machines (VM), and Containers. Tasks are allocated to VMs in a round-robin manner. The Actor-Critic Neural Network (ACNN) is employed to predict the load of PMs, and overloading and underloading conditions are determined based on the load. The proposed GNBO hybrid optimization calculates the optimal solution considering predicted load, migration costs, resource utilization, energy consumption, and network bandwidth. This approach achieves a load of 0.177 MIPS, migration costs of 10.146 J, and optimizes energy consumption to 0.068 W.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA TUNANETRA KELAS V SLB A YKAB SURAKARTA

This research aims to find out the effect of Jigsaw-type of cooperative learning on increasing the self-confidence of the fifth grade blind students at SLB A YKAB Surakarta. This research was a quantitative research with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. This research was applied to all visual impairment students of 5th grade SLB A YKAB Surakarta. Determination of the sample of this research was done with saturated sampling technique. The data collection technique in this study used a self-confidence scale based on the theory and indicators by Lauster (2003), which was carried out before treatment (pretest) and after treatment (posttest). This research used content validity testing techniques by experts as a validators, then the instruments were tested on 31 visual impairment students in the Provinces of Central Java and Yogyakarta.A total of valid items were then calculated using the Cronbach Alpha reliability technique. Treatment lasted for 8 sessions, lasting 2x30 minutes each session. The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis obtained a significance value of 0.018, which indicates that the significance value 0.05 means Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. So it could be concluded that Jigsaw Cooperative Learning had an effect on increasing the self-confidence of visual impairment students.
Introduction

In today&apos;s digital age, the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and biometric security systems has become increasingly vital for ensuring the authenticity and security of digital identities. Biometric security systems, a key component of this technological revolution, rely on the utilization of unique biological traits to authenticate individuals, such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram, fingerprints, iris scans, and facial recognition. By leveraging these distinctive biological traits, biometric security systems provide a robust and reliable means of verifying individuals&apos; identities. These systems offer several advantages over traditional authentication methods, such as passwords or personal identification numbers (PINs), which can easily be compromised or forgotten. Biometric authentication is convenient, as it requires individuals to present their unique traits for identification, eliminating the need for additional tokens or passwords.
Intelligent authentication system using graphical one-time passwords

Conventional alphanumerical passwords have been the most common authentication medium for years; however, it is plagued by a fundamental problem: secure strong passwords are hard to create and remember, leading to insecure practices. There have been several studies proposing alternatives to replace alphanumerical passwords. However, such alternatives have not reached mainstream usage or widespread application. Our study has reviewed several authentication schemes and found that graphical authentication can be an alternative solution, leveraging visual components instead of text and taking advantage of the human mind&apos;s ability to remember graphical and positional information. Our study conducts an in-depth analysis of the existing graphical passwords and presents a graphical one-time-password (OTP) scheme as a replacement for alphanumerical passwords. The proposed one-time graphical password is built upon the user remembering their four preselected picture passwords displayed on a random 4×4 matrix and entering the (x,y) coordinate of the picture password on the matrix. Several different categories of picture passwords are provided, with the authentication matrix displaying decoy images along with the picture passwords. An in-depth analysis of the security, memorability and usability aspects is presented to show that our graphical OTP scheme can successfully thwart common graphical password attacks (such as shoulder-surfing and dictionary attacks). We also demonstrate that the proposed graphical authentication system can protect against various known attacks and satisfies different criteria as a replacement for alphanumerical passwords.
Ensemble Learning for Enhanced Breast Cancer Detection: A Machine Learning Approach

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with early detection being crucial for improved patient outcomes. Traditional machine learning algorithms have been employed in this domain, but their performance can be limited when dealing with complex medical datasets. This study investigates the potential of ensemble learning to enhance breast cancer detection accuracy. We implemented and evaluated popular ensemble learning methods on a well-established breast cancer dataset.
An Efficient Image Captioning Method Based on Beam Search

Introduction: An image captioning system is a crucial component in the domains of computer vision and natural language processing. Deep neural networks have been an increasingly popular tool for the generation of descriptive captions for photos in recent years. Method: However, these models frequently have the issue of providing captions that are unoriginal and repetitious. Beam search is a well-known search technique that is utilized for the purpose of producing descriptions for images in an effective and productive manner. The algorithm keeps track of a set of partial captions and expands them iteratively by choosing the probable next word throughout each step until a complete caption is generated. The set of partial captions, also known as the beam, is updated at each step based on the predicted probabilities of the next words. This research paper presents an image caption generation system based on beam search. In order to encode the image data and generate captions, the system is trained on a deep neural network architecture. Results: This architecture brings together the benefits of CNN with RNN. After that, the beam search method is executed in order to provide the completed captions, resulting in a more diverse and descriptive set of captions compared to traditional greedy decoding approaches. The experimental outcomes indicate that the suggested system is superior to the existing image caption generation techniques in terms of the precision and variety of the generated captions. Conclusion: This demonstrates the effectiveness of beam search in enhancing the efficiency of image caption generation systems.
Redesain dan Evaluasi Website Bisa Design Menggunakan Pendekatan Design Thinking

The purpose of this research is to know determine the user's convenience in using Bisa Design services and to determine the level of user comfort in Redesigning the Bisa Design website. This method in this research uses design thinking, which includes: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test, by collecting data by questionnaire questions given to Bisa Design users, the data is analyzed for obtained the level of the effectiveness and efficiency. The results of this research is different of user’s comfort to uses website Bisa Design. The fact is by evaluation data or user tests, there is a tendency to apply positively for the types of questionnaire questions given.