Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Using Eye-tracking Data to Predict the Readability of Brazilian Portuguese Sentences in Single-task, Multi-task and Sequential Transfer Learning Approaches

Sentence complexity assessment is a relatively new task in Natural Language Processing.One of its aims is to highlight in a text which sentences are more complex to support the simplification of contents for a target audience (e.g., children, cognitively impaired users, non-native speakers and low-literacy readers (Scarton and Specia, 2018)).This task is evaluated using datasets of pairs of aligned sentences including the complex and simple version of the same sentence.For Brazilian Portuguese, the task was addressed by (Leal et al., 2018), who set up the first dataset to evaluate the task in this language, reaching 87.8% of accuracy with linguistic features.The present work advances these results, using models inspired by (Gonzalez-Garduño and Søgaard, 2018), which hold the state-of-the-art for the English language, with multi-task learning and eyetracking measures.First-Pass Duration, Total Regression Duration and Total Fixation Duration were used in two moments; first to select a subset of linguistic features and then as an auxiliary task in the multi-task and sequential learning models.The best model proposed here reaches the new state-of-the-art for Portuguese with 97.5% accuracy 1 , an increase of almost 10 points compared to the best previous results, in addition to proposing improvements in the public dataset after analysing the errors of our best model.
The Strategy to Build Educative Interaction in Islamic Education on Online Learning Setting

Nowadays, online learning has forced educational stakeholders to sufficiently involve online learning by handling the fundamental difference from traditional learning platforms. While educative interaction is vital but very limited to online learning, the teachers should condition the new environment to enable the learning process. However, educative interaction on online learning requires exact syntax to help the teachers implement it correctly. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the implementation of educative learning on online learning and formulate the syntax to help teachers create educative interaction. The study focused on Islamic and Character Education subjects. The research method is qualitative, using in-depth interviews to gather the data. The informants were from 2 different elementary schools. The study result revealed two types of syntax for educative interaction on online learning: the syntax of educative interaction on real-time chatting app and syntax of educative interaction on the video conference app. Every syntax has similar general phases: preparation, introduction, core, and closing. However, every phase has different details, adjusted to the service provided by the application used. Eventually, the teachers' competence and spirit and supporting infrastructure become the primary factors in maximizing the interaction. Besides, application choice determines the strategy that will be done.
NTU_NLP at SemEval-2020 Task 12: Identifying Offensive Tweets Using Hierarchical Multi-Task Learning Approach

This paper presents our hierarchical multi-task learning (HMTL) and multi-task learning (MTL) approaches for improving the text encoder in Sub-tasks A, B, and C of Multilingual Offensive Language Identification in Social Media (SemEval-2020 Task 12).We show that using the MTL approach can greatly improve the performance of complex problems, i.e.Sub-tasks B and C. Coupled with a hierarchical approach, the performances are further improved.Overall, our best model, HMTL outperforms the baseline model by 3% and 2% of Macro F-score in Sub-tasks B and C of OffensEval 2020, respectively.
VIRTUAL OBJECTS: BECOMING REAL

From an ontological point of view, virtuality is generally considered a simulation: i.e. not a case of true being, and never more than an illusory copy, referring in each instance to its real original. It is treated as something imagined — and, phenomenologically speaking, as an intentional object. It is also often characterized as fictive. On the other hand, the virtual world itself is extremely rich, and thanks to new technologies is growing with unbelievable speed, so that it now influences the real world in quite unexpected ways. Thus, it is also sometimes considered real. In this paper, against those who would regard virtuality as fictional or as real, I claim that the virtual world straddles the boundary between these two ways of existence: that it becomes real. I appeal to Roman Ingarden’s existential ontology to show that virtual objects become existentially autonomous, and so can be attributed a form of actuality and causal efficaciousness. I conclude that the existential autonomy and actuality of virtual objects makes them count as real objects, but also means that they undergo a change in their mode of existence.
On the correspondence between nested calculi and semantic systems for intuitionistic logics

Abstract This paper studies the relationship between labelled and nested calculi for propositional intuitionistic logic, first-order intuitionistic logic with non-constant domains and first-order intuitionistic logic with constant domains. It is shown that Fitting’s nested calculi naturally arise from their corresponding labelled calculi—for each of the aforementioned logics—via the elimination of structural rules in labelled derivations. The translational correspondence between the two types of systems is leveraged to show that the nested calculi inherit proof-theoretic properties from their associated labelled calculi, such as completeness, invertibility of rules and cut admissibility. Since labelled calculi are easily obtained via a logic’s semantics, the method presented in this paper can be seen as one whereby refined versions of labelled calculi (containing nested calculi as fragments) with favourable properties are derived directly from a logic’s semantics.
LT3 at SemEval-2020 Task 9: Cross-lingual Embeddings for Sentiment Analysis of Hinglish Social Media Text

This paper describes our contribution to the SemEval-2020 Task 9 on Sentiment Analysis for Code-mixed Social Media Text.We investigated two approaches to solve the task of Hinglish sentiment analysis.The first approach uses cross-lingual embeddings resulting from projecting Hinglish and pre-trained English FastText word embeddings in the same space.The second approach incorporates pre-trained English embeddings that are incrementally retrained with a set of Hinglish tweets.The results show that the second approach performs best, with an F1-score of 70.52% on the held-out test data.
Performance analysis of selected database systems: MySQL, MS SQL, PostgerSQL in the context of web applications

The main purpose of this article is to check which database: MySQL, MS SQL, PostgerSQL is the most efficient for Internet applications. This work contains information about the databases used, but the most important part of this article is database performance research. They are based on an application whose main task was database queries. The program was created based on new technologies, such as the Spring framework, the Hibernate library and JDBC Interface.
Cross-Lingual Emotion Lexicon Induction using Representation Alignment in Low-Resource Settings

Emotion lexicons provide information about associations between words and emotions.They have proven useful in analyses of reviews, literary texts, and posts on social media, among other things.We evaluate the feasibility of deriving emotion lexicons cross-lingually for over 350 languages, many of them resource-poor, from existing emotion lexicons in resource-rich languages.For this, we start out from very small corpora to induce cross-lingually aligned vector spaces.Our study empirically analyses the effectiveness of the induced emotion lexicons by measuring translation precision and correlations with existing emotion lexicons, along with measurements on a downstream task of sentence emotion prediction.
SemEval-2020 Task 2: Predicting Multilingual and Cross-Lingual (Graded) Lexical Entailment

Lexical entailment (LE) is a fundamental asymmetric lexico-semantic relation, supporting the hierarchies in lexical resources (e.g., WordNet, ConceptNet) and applications like natural language inference and taxonomy induction.Multilingual and cross-lingual NLP applications warrant models for LE detection that go beyond language boundaries.As part of SemEval 2020, we carried out a shared task (Task 2) on multilingual and cross-lingual LE.The shared task spans three dimensions: (1) monolingual LE in multiple languages versus cross-lingual LE, (2) binary versus graded LE, and (3) a set of 6 diverse languages (and 15 corresponding language pairs).We offered two different evaluation tracks: (a) distributional (Dist): for unsupervised, fully distributional models that capture LE solely on the basis of unannotated corpora, and (b) Any: for externally informed models, allowed to leverage any resources, including lexico-semantic networks (e.g., WordNet or BabelNet).In the Any track, we received system runs that push state-of-the-art across all languages and language pairs, for both binary LE detection and graded LE prediction.
NYTWIT: A Dataset of Novel Words in the New York Times

We present the New York Times Word Innovation Types dataset, or NYTWIT, a collection of over 2,500 novel English words published in the New York Times between November 2017 and March 2019, manually annotated for their class of novelty (such as lexical derivation, dialectal variation, blending, or compounding).We present baseline results for both uncontextual and contextual prediction of novelty class, showing that there is room for improvement even for state-of-the-art NLP systems.We hope this resource will prove useful for linguists and NLP practitioners by providing a real-world environment of novel word appearance.
WESSA at SemEval-2020 Task 9: Code-Mixed Sentiment Analysis Using Transformers

In this paper, we describe our system submitted for SemEval 2020 Task 9, Sentiment Analysis for Code-Mixed Social Media Text alongside other experiments. Our best performing system is a Transfer Learning-based model that fine-tunes XLM-RoBERTa, a transformer-based multilingual masked language model, on monolingual English and Spanish data and Spanish-English code-mixed data. Our system outperforms the official task baseline by achieving a 70.1% average F1-Score on the official leaderboard using the test set. For later submissions, our system manages to achieve a 75.9% average F1-Score on the test set using CodaLab username “ahmed0sultan”.
Training Model of Innovative Talents in Physical Education Major

In the major of physical education (PE), there are several problems with the training model of innovative talents: the model implementation is affected by numerous factors, the training strategies are unclear, and the measurement of the training effect is highly uncertain. To solve these problems, this paper explores deep into the training model of innovative talents in PE major, through both theoretical analysis and calculation modeling. Firstly, the es-sence of innovative talent training in PE major was summarized, and the training strategies were put forward. On this basis, a measurement model for the training effect was established, based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and extenics theory. The research results provide strong supports to the training of innovative talents in PE major.
Relationship between Professional Burnout of Teachers of Higher Education Institutions of Ukraine and Their Organizational, Professional and Socio-demographic Characteristics

The research addresses the need to assess the degree of professional burnout of teachers of higher education institutions of Ukraine and to analyse connection between the level of teachers’ professional burnout and their organizational-professional (type of education, teaching experience) and socio-demographic (age, gender, marital status) characteristics. The article presents results of comparative analysis of major scientific approaches to the content of professional burnout: result of occupational stress; psychological defence mechanism; type of professional deformation of a personality; professional crisis and clinical disorder. The authors’ Questionnaire was employed as the main method of the study. The level of teachers’ professional burnout was explored via “Burnout Syndrome” in professions of the system “man-man” method by Maslach &amp; Jackson. The study was conducted from 01 to 31 May 2020 and involved 302 faculty members of higher education institutions of Cherkasy region (central Ukraine). The findings signal that more than a third of the surveyed teachers experience a high level of expression of all components of professional burnout. The paper reports that the length of teaching experience has a positive effect on reducing most components of professional burnout; the level of emotional exhaustion decreases with age; women have a lower degree of emotional exhaustion than men. It is revealed that the actual socio-demographic characteristics of teachers (age, gender) have a greater impact on such a component of professional burnout as emotional exhaustion, while organizational and professional characteristics have a greater effect on such components of professional burnout as depersonalization and reduction of personal achievements.
NoPropaganda at SemEval-2020 Task 11: A Borrowed Approach to Sequence Tagging and Text Classification

This paper describes our contribution to SemEval-2020 Task 11: Detection Of Propaganda Techniques In News Articles.We start with simple LSTM baselines and move to an autoregressive transformer decoder to predict long continuous propaganda spans for the first subtask.We also adopt an approach from relation extraction by enveloping spans mentioned above with special tokens for the second subtask of propaganda technique classification.Our models report an F-score of 44.6% and a micro-averaged F-score of 58.2% for those tasks accordingly.
Teacher training about Information and Communication Technologies: a diachronic perspective

In this work, we define as a general objective to compare teacher training with the requirements of educational laws from a historical perspective, contextualising it from the 90s onwards in the Spanish context. We carried out a documentary analysis, around the treatment of ICT in legislation, initial and ongoing training and selective processes. The results show progressive incorporation of ICTs in all the areas, although with different rhythms.
Identification of the evolutionary sequence of the emergence and development of interactive learning

The phenomenon of interactive learning by its characteristics and potential is intended to act as a reliable tool for implementing the competence-based learning paradigm.However, highlighting interaction and activity as the main concepts of interactive learning, the authors of scientific papers do not consider the object of research from the point of view of the possibility of its complication due to the acquisition of new qualitative characteristics in the process of evolution.Nevertheless, identifying the stages of interactive learning and identifying the evolution of the emergence and development of interactive learning would allow us to solve a number of important theoretical and practical issues that contribute to the organization and implementation of interactive learning, including interactive teaching of foreign languages and Russian as a foreign language, in different types and forms of the educational process.The aim of the article is to describe and identify the stages and identify the evolutionary sequence of the emergence and development of interactive learning.Methodology and methods: the study was carried out on the basis of a categorical-system methodology using the "Final information flow" method; the methodology also included the method of content analysis of scientific literature, and the method of analogies.Results: 1) interactive learning was described as an information system using the parameters of "Logical level", "Logical limit" and "Transformability"; 2) There was developed an evolutionary model of interactive learning, which includes 6 logical levels and the identity of the interactive learning, beginning from any logical level; 3) it was revealed that the kind of interactive learning and a set of interactive forms and methods are determined by the logical limit; 4) on the basis of logical limit, using the "Transformability" parameter, the possibility of combining the qualitative characteristics of interactive learning was determined.Novelty: an investigation into the nature of interactive learning made on the basis of the categorical-system methodology with the application of the method of "Final information flow" has enabled to more fully and accurately identify and describe interactive learning, to identify its structural elements that carry quality, and also to create a model giving a more accurate and complete view about the quality characteristics of interactive learning.Theoretical significance: the resulting information model will serve as a basis for studying the structural and functional aspects of the study of the subject area of interactive learning.Conclusions: the description of interactive learning based on its evolution (identified stages of development) provides an opportunity for its better or-
The implications, applications, and benefits of emerging technologies in audit

Technological innovation has given rise to the possibility of implementing emerging technologies to potentially improve business operations. Audit firms, as businesses, could utilise emerging technologies to address several challenges the audit profession currently faces. This paper performs a qualitative analysis of prior literature concerning the potential implications and applications of the use of emerging technology in the audit process and the benefits audit firms can realise from using emerging technology. Using emerging audit technology in the audit process could automate many repetitive, mundane tasks and assist with performing analytical reviews on large datasets, thereby improving audit quality and efficiency. This paper adds value firstly by highlighting the potential for technological innovation within the audit process and how this innovation could supplement the traditional audit processes and procedures audit firms currently use and secondly, by incorporating emerging technologies into the audit process and highlighting key benefits that can be derived by shifting away from manual processes.
Visual Analytics in Environmental Decision-Making: A Comparison of Overlay Charts versus Simulation Decomposition

Various components within environmental decision-making problems often contain considerable uncertainty.Monte Carlo simulation approaches have frequently been used to incorporate a wide array of this uncertainty into environmental planning.Simulated outputs summarizing these uncertainties are commonly portrayed in the form of probability distributions.Visualization of the disparate uncertainties within these distributions is a key aspect for effective decision support in Monte Carlo analysis.This study contrasts the performance and benefits of two visual analytics toolsoverlay charts and simulation decomposition.Overlay charts enable the display of multiple sources of uncertainty overlaid on top of each other in a single graphical representation and come as a standard feature in numerous commercial Monte Carlo software packages.Conversely, simulation decomposition combines user -defined sub-distributions of the simulation uncertainties and collectively displays them in a combined graphical output figure.This paper contrasts th e efficacy of overlay charts versus simulation decomposition for the visual analysis uncertainty into the environmental decision-making process.
Chaotic systems with pseudorandom number generate to protect the transmitted data of wireless network

&lt;span&gt;Communication techniques have witnessed rapid development in recent years, especially the internet and the mobile network, which led to rapid data transmission. The latest developments, in turn, have come out with advanced decisions to secure information from eavesdropping. Myriad in-depth studies in cryptography. It was implemented with the intention of proposing a revolutionary solution to protect data by encryption techniques, tend maps, and logistics. This work had proposed a new design to the generator of pseudo-random numbers (GPRN) which had utilized multi chaotic systems. Synchronization of Multi-parameters chaotic arises in many applications, in natural or industrial systems. Many methods have been introduced for using a chaotic system in the encryption of data. Analysis of security of chaotic system had been executed on key sensitivity and keyspace.&lt;/span&gt;
Self-efficacy of Saudi English Majors after the Emergent Transition to Online Learning and Online Assessment during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This research explores the sense of self-efficacy among Saudi English majors at Jeddah University during the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced all schools in Saudi Arabia to suspend face-to-face learning and, instead, use the online Blackboard platform. The study’s objectives are to determine Blackboard’s effect on Saudi learners’ self-efficacy beliefs, identify factors influencing these beliefs in the online context, and determine the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and academic performance. Phone interviews, an online questionnaire, and online performance tests served as data collection instruments. The results indicate that urgent Blackboard use negatively affected the subjects’ self-efficacy beliefs, and there is a positive, significant relationship between academic performance and perceived self-efficacy. Among other factors, familiarity with Blackboard, technical competence, and a readiness to embrace technology strongly influenced the students’ self-efficacy beliefs. This paper also presents implications and pedagogical recommendations drawn from the results.
Potential of Multispectral Satellite Data for Superficial Iron Oxide Detection in Sulaimaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

This study primarily investigates the total (Fe) iron presence in Sulaimaniyah Governorate, the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR), which has an abundance of iron mines. Spatial quantification and frequent monitoring of mineral existence in the soil are essential in the mining regions. To achieve this goal, a remote sensing technique was utilized to predict soil minerals, particularly iron existence in the study area using a multispectral satellite image, Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). A robust methodology was perceived and developed from image processing to estimate and map iron oxides rich soils, and soil’s spectral indices were obtained after algorithms applied in processing on the bands of Landsat image. Soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to determine the chemical, physical, and mineralogical characteristics of soils. Correlation coefficients were carried out between soil properties and spectral band values retrieved from image analysis to examine the band potentials of Landsat. The statistical results showed that there was a significant relationship between the 3rd band of the ETM+ image and each of the total iron (R2 = 0.643), the free iron oxide (R2 = 0.659), and sand particles (R2 = 0.561). The predicted soil mineral maps were generated for the study area to visualize the study site's soil characterization and total iron spread. This study results could help primarily identify the spatial distribution of some soil properties in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.