Culturological Approach in Preparing Students of Pedagogical Specialties of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University for Teaching Native (Russian and Tatar) Literatures in Gymnasiums and Secondary Schools

While solving the problem of the formation of spiritual and moral axiological values among students, the leading role in school and university education, due to the specific content, is given to humanitarian disciplines, in particular, the teaching of literature, language disciplines and art. A special role in solving this problem is performed by the lesson of native literatureIn the lessons of native literature, the teacher should focus on the formation of attitudes towards native (Russian, Tatar, etc.) literature as one of the main national, cultural, moral, and aesthetic values of the people in the context of national and world culture. Due to the fact that “native literature” as a special school subject has been taught in Russian schools for not a long period of time, there is an urgent need for its scientific and methodological understanding, in the development of methodological recommendations for teaching at school, and it is also necessary to make adjustments to the process of training philological students of pedagogical departments of universities, because at the lessons of native literature (Tatar, Russian, etc.) cultural approach to teaching literature as one of the forms of art should prevail.A culturological approach to the training of students of the pedagogical direction of the Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (IFMK KFU) is carried out at the elective disciplines, in particular, at the classes in the discipline of “Literary Studies. Applied Aspects of Studying a Provincial Text”, which allows teaching undergraduate students to consider Russian literature in the context of regional history and culture. In this regard, Kazan, the “Kazan text”, Tatar, Russian and Russian-language literature of the Republic of Tatarstan represent the richest potential for inclusion in the school and university context of teaching Russian and Tatar literature as native ones.The aim of the study: theoretical justification and practical testing of the methodological system of classroom and independent studies in the discipline “Literary Studies. Applied Aspects of Studying a Provincial Text”, taking into account the conditions for teaching native (Russian, Tatar, etc.) literature in gymnasiums and secondary schools of the Republic of Tatarstan.The main research methods are pedagogical experiment, monitoring, questioning, interviewing of 59 university students and school teachers, as well as analysis of our own over 25 years of teaching experience at the university. The basis of our study was historical-genetic, historical-functional, comparative and typological methods of study of works of modern Russian and Tatar literatures.Research results: In the context of the revision of the paradigm of Russian education, a special role in psychological and pedagogical research is given to the formation of professional qualities and personality of the teacher of Russian and Tatar literature, therefore, the culturological approach to the literary education of students and schoolchildren in combination with interactive technologies (lecture discussion, mini-conferences, role-playing games, compilation of intelligence cards (mental cards), virtual tours, web quests, training and protection of multimedia presentations, etc.) will improve the effectiveness of employment on reading and studying native (Tartar, Russian et al.) literatures.