ΦΥΣΙΚΗ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΩΔΩΝ ΣΩΜΑΤΙΔΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ ΤΟΥΣ

This thesis under the title: Physics of Elementary Particles and Αpplications was executed during my graduate’s studies at the Hellenic Open University and the Department of Physical Sciences and Technology on the Specialization of Secondary Educators on the Basic Scientific Concentrations of Physical Sciences. Based on my theoretical background and my studies, I attempted to merge both classical and modern theories of Physics, Chemistry and Biology to reveal their interactive role in the universe. Having always in mind that our students are expecting from us as educators at schools to present our work in a clear and easy to understand way,-the aim of this study was not to produce a piece of work in a strictly scientific way. The study contains three Basic Chapters: In the 1st Chapter there is a historical review focusing on the important dates of the reveling of the elementary particles and the experiments that leaded to them. Following this historical review, the context that leads the Scientists -through many controversial theories- to the acceptance of the Scientific Truth. In this way, there is a direct analysis of the important role of Physical Sciences in the educational procedure to transfer a knowledge -that is not always easy to understand -to a broader audience. At the 2nd Chapter there is an analysis of the properties of the elementary particles in an attempt to group them , their own specific properties , the role of the the Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, and not including the gravitational force) in the universe, as well as classifying all known elementary particles. However, beyond the presentation of the already well known theories and knowledge in the area of Physics, there is an attempt to discuss the newest and more recent knowledge on the role of the elementary particles and their properties as these are being revealed 5through the Experiment projects targeting to ‘ question’ them more and revise the Existing Theories. In addition, in this Chapter there is a specific presentation of the recent CERN experiments and the new knowledge and the questions that this new knowledge can raised. There is also an attempt to proceed with writing a «New Physics Science» . At the 3rd Chapter the role of the elementary particles in daily life activities is discussed and analyzed. This is something that both, the school community, and the majority of people are expecting from Scientists today. To provide effective solutions to daily life problems, contribute to the wellbeing and improve the quality of life. The main part of this Chapter is dedicated to Medical applications of the elementary particles and how these can help with complicate and uncured conditions in the past. There is also a discussion on the role of these elementary particles in the improvement of material in the areas of Information in Technology, Electricity, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology. Finally, there is a discussion on the connection between and Cosmology as this cooperation with Astrophysics can reveal the truth - we ignore today- about the Universe.