Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Design & Egyptian Goddess: A Response to Professors Buccafusco, Lemley & Masur

In Intelligent Design, Christopher Buccafusco, Mark A. Lemley, and Jonathan S. Masur make a compelling case against the United States’ current full-cumulation approach to design protection, which allows designers to obtain protection for a qualifying design under copyright, trademark, and design patent law all at the same time and without any requirement of election. They also argue that design rights, including design patents, “have become too powerful” and suggest several “policy changes designed to bring design rights more in line with social welfare.” But while Buccafusco, Lemley, and Masur express great concern about what design patents cover, they do not discuss how the current test for design patent infringement actually works. Under that test, which was set forth ten years ago by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Egyptian Goddess, Inc. v. Swisa, Inc., design patents are given a much narrower scope than the cases discussed in Intelligent Design might seem to suggest. While this does not undermine the larger argument made by Buccafusco, Lemley, and Masur—namely, that we should not allow designers to gain the functional equivalent of a utility patent using the design patent system—it does affect the way we should evaluate some of their proposed policy solutions. Under Egyptian Goddess, the presumptive scope of a design patent is narrow and may be further narrowed if there is close prior art. Therefore, at least two of the proposals in Intelligent Design—namely, functionality screening, invalidity based on “principal features,” and adding an independent invention defense—may not be either appropriate or necessary. Adopting such proposals may have the unintended consequence of expanding or unnecessarily confusing design patent doctrine, results clearly not intended by the authors of Intelligent Design. Instead, a policy lever not discussed by Buccafusco, Lemley, and Masur—namely, statutory subject matter—may be more helpful in addressing the very valid concerns raised in Intelligent Design. This response will explain how courts analyze design patent infringement under the Federal Circuit’s Egyptian Goddess test. Then, it will discuss how the contemporary test for infringement might affect some of the solutions proposed in Intelligent Design. Finally, it discusses how the question of what constitutes proper statutory subject matter may be a more fruitful policy lever to explore in addressing these important issues of design patent law and policy.
Estimating latent reader-performance variability using the Obuchowski-Rockette method

We describe how the Obuchowski-Rockette (OR) method of analysis for multi-reader diagnostic studies can be used to estimate the variability of latent reader-performance outcomes, such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC). For a specific reader the latent or true reader performance outcome can conceptually be thought of as the estimate that would result if the reader were to read a very large number of cases. We note that for the sample sizes used in typical diagnostic studies, the latent reader-performance outcome is equal to the observed outcome minus measurement error. An often-cited study that assesses the variability of various reader-performance outcomes, including the AUC, is the study by Craig Beam et. al., “Variability in the Interpretation of Screening Mammograms by US Radiologists,” published in 1996. However, a problem with this type of study is that the variability estimates includes measurement error. Thus this approach overestimates latent reader variability and gives variability estimates that are dependent on case sample size. The proposed method overcomes these problems. We illustrate the proposed method for 29 radiologists in Jordan, with each reading 60 chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Using the OR method we were able to estimate the middle 95% range for latent AUC values to be 0.07; i.e., we estimate that 95% of radiologists differ by less than 0.07 in their ability to successfully discriminate between a pair of diseased and non-diseased cases. In contrast, the estimate for the 95% range for the observed AUCs was 0.18. Thus we see how conventional methods of describing reader variability can greatly overstate the variability of the true abilities of the readers.
The Master & Giant Lives On

What a sad day it is today The Master took his last breathe today With none of his followers near him today What shall we do this day, with all this today? I remember, Today is the Lord’s Day The Lord chose the early hour of the Day To finally bring you to himself, first hour this Day So we may remember: you only moved on this Day What a devastating moment this day? What a meandering mile along the way? The moment seems so long, never ending this day The mile, Ever turning, up and down, all the way Prof. Wali FT MUNA, The Master Prof. Wali FT MUNA, The Teacher Prof. Wali FT MUNA, The Healer Prof. Wali FT MUNA, The Researcher Today, the Master is gone All his teaching done! Today the Healer is gone His own healing not done! What have researchers not done? So The Giant Researcher Muna be not gone? Dear Master and Giant, Are you really gone? Dear Teacher and Giant, Are you really gone? Leaving unto us all just but none? Dear Giant Mentor, Are you really gone? I choose to think that you live on In your scientific works, you live on In your pupils around the world, you live on In your great and loving family, you live on. Then Master and Giant, Prof. Wali FT Muna lives on For the Great Master and Lord, Prof. Jesus, The Christ lives on As whoever lives in him, even though gone, still lives on May we trust the Great Master and Lord, to all with him, live on.
A general size-biased distribution

We generalize a size-biased distribution related to the Riemann xi function using the work of Ferrar. Some analysis and properties of this more general distribution are offered as well.
A Hybrid Feature Extraction Method for Offline Handwritten Math Symbol Recognition

This paper introduces a feature extraction scheme for offline handwritten math symbol recognition. It is a hybrid model that involves the basic ideas of the wavelet and zoning techniques so as to define the feature vectors with both statistical and geometrical properties of the symbols, with the aim of overcoming some limitations of the individual algorithms used. Experiments over a medium-sized database of isolated math symbols investigate the performance of the new hybrid technique in comparison to other algorithms. The results show that the new model performs significantly better than the rest of algorithms tested, independently of the symbol category.
The Future of Software Engineering by 2050s: Will AI Replace Software Engineers?

This research aims to explore the future of software engineering domain by 2050s. In specific, it points to some foreseeable best practices in the field, prospected roles of software engineers, and how artificial intelligence could shape the future of software engineering framework and engineers’ roles. Furthermore, it demonstrates current challenges and how they will be tackled in the future and forecasted future challenges and ways to avoid it from now. These anticipations were determined by inferring the future from some existed facts from history or current practices and researches in the fields of software artificial intelligence. Not only that, a qualitative method was followed, and an online survey was conducted and directed toward software engineers and artificial intelligence professionals. As an overall outcome of this study, various analogical surveys’ answers and anticipations agreed that the future of software engineering field would definitely change, however, software engineers will be the main actors who can shape this future in such a way that will either keep them dominant in this field or left behind and replaced by other systems or professions.
A Light Modality for Recursion

We investigate the interplay between a modality for controlling the behaviourof recursive functional programs on infinite structures which are completelysilent in the syntax. The latter means that programs do not contain marksshowing the application of the introduction and elimination rules for themodality. This shifts the burden of controlling recursion from the programmerto the compiler. To do this, we introduce a typed lambda calculus a la Currywith a silent modality and guarded recursive types. The typing disciplineguarantees normalisation and can be transformed into an algorithm which infersthe type of a program.
Curing our Addiction to Fossil and Nonbiodegradable Plastics: Steps Ahead

We are suffering from a global plastic addiction. Ways to curb it include the decreasing of plastic end uses and substituting fossil and non-biodegradable plastics with more sustainable alternatives such as bioplastics, cellulosic fibre-based solutions, and recycled plastics. We have the problem of choice: among hundreds of plastic end uses and potential substitutes, how do we pick the best options for each case – financially, socially, and environmentally? How do we support companies, authorities, and consumers with extensive knowledge encapsulated in advanced yet usable decision support? Answers may lie in data mining as a basis.
KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA DAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP BUDI AGUNG MEDAN

The issues raised in this research is the role of literacy in the ability to speak class VIII SMP Budi Agung Medan academic year 2013/2014. While the purpose of this study was to determine a clear picture of the role of literacy in the ability to speak in class VIII SMP Budi Agung Medan 2013/2014 school year. This research is a descriptive study, research subjects were all students of class VIII SMP Budi Agung Medan academic year 2013/2014. The sample in this study were all students of class VIII A SMP Budi Agung Medan totaling 37 students. Data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative. Based on the results of the analysis can be taken, among others: a) The role of literacy in the ability to speak class VIII SMP Budi Agung Medan academic year 2013/2014 as a whole was moderate with an average of 7.5. (B) Orientation reading skills to speech class VIII SMP Budi Agung Medan 2013/2014 academic year, judging from the amount of the sample of 37 students as follows: high-ability students numbered 15 people. Students are capable of being numbered 17 people, and low-ability students amounted to 5 people. The conclusions from the results of this study indicate that the role of reading ability affects the ability to speak class VIII SMP Budi Agung Medan academic year 2013/2014 and can affect students in thinking and develop his talents.
Classical communication with quantum receivers: towards violating classical Shannon channel capacity (Conference Presentation)

In classical digital communications two main families of “M-ary” modulation schemes are generally distinguished: bandwidth limited and power limited. The canonical comparison of these modulation methods is based on normalized data rate (R/W) (bits per second per hertz of bandwidth) and the signal to noise rate per bit required to achieve a given error probability for different M. In a classical picture, the two families reside in two separate semi-plains R/W < 1 and R/W > 1, i.e. energy efficiency and bandwidth efficiency cannot be optimized at the same time. However, we find an alphabet family that can be paired with a quantum receiver to simultaneously optimize bandwidth and power efficiency of a communication channel. Particularly we found that coherent frequency shift keying (CFSK) gives rise to a family of communication protocols that are bandwidth limited in nature, but whose bandwidth usage can be optimized so that R/W>1 for a range of alphabet lengths M, while power sensitivity beats that of power-limited protocols. We will report our theoretical findings and experimental progress towards implementation of this protocol family.
CORRUPTION AND OBSTACLES FOR CONDUCTING BUSINESS IN FORMER FRENCH WEST AFRICA

This study examines the extent of corruption and obstacles to conducting business in some former French West Africa countries.&#x0D; Methodology: This study uses business owner’s and mangers perceptions about the use of gifts or informal payments and obstacles to conducting business in five African countries. Data comes from the World Bank Institute and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s Business Environment and Economic Performance study. Data from Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, Senegal, and Togo were examined. Univariate general linear analysis was used to discover statistical differences between factors by country.&#x0D; Main Findings: Results show Senegalese managers and owners perceived the lowest obstacles to conducting business among the five countries. Togo business managers and owners are slightly less positive about obstacles they face in their businesses. Businesses in the five countries on average pay about eight percent of their annual sales as gifts/informal payments.&#x0D; Limitations: The study uses data that is about ten years old. The political and economic environment may have changed in these countries since data collection.&#x0D; Social Implications: The significant level of obstacles business faces in these countries may significantly reduce foreign direct investment in these countries. Electricity is an obstacle in most of these countries reducing the ability if not the interest in conducting business.&#x0D; Originality/Novelty of the Study: The French strategy in this region for three hundred years was to rule through the military not the development of economic systems. The results of this strategy may still be apparent in the number and degree of obstacles facing business only 50 years after independence.
Supporting Complex Tasks Using Multiple Devices

Intelligent digital assistants help people perform simple tasks such as question answering, event scheduling, etc. Complex task assistance requires monitoring goals, intentions, and task state. Additionally, complex tasks may exceed the capabilities of one single device or application, giving rise to the need to support people as they engage with two or more devices (e.g., smartphones, smart wearable devices, tablets, and desktop or laptop computers) simultaneously. Using multiple connected devices to support tasks has now become a viable design option for digital assistance since many users already own multiple devices. In this paper, we introduce a framework for developing multiple device experiences (MDX), then demonstrate some of the early capabilities of the framework by means of the AskChef cooking assistant. AskChef allows people to use their existing mobile devices (e.g., tablets), together with existing headless smart speakers (e.g., the Amazon Echo) for rich step-by-step guidance and contextual question answering over the culinary recipe loaded in their mobile device’s web browser. We conducted a pilot study in which people engaged in cooking recipes with the AskChef MDX system. All participants reported finding the support to be helpful, and indicated a willingness to use the system in the future. Nevertheless, AskChef erred on occasion, affording an opportunity to study how people respond to errors in multi-device scenarios. We examine participants’ perceptions and actions, and outline some directions for future research.
Towards Egocentric Person Re-Identification and Social Pattern Analysis.

Wearable cameras capture a first-person view of the daily activities of the camera wearer, offering a visual diary of the user behaviour. Detection of the appearance of people the camera user interacts with for social interactions analysis is of high interest. Generally speaking, social events, lifestyle and health are highly correlated, but there is a lack of tools to monitor and analyse them. We consider that egocentric vision provides a tool to obtain information and understand users social interactions. We propose a model that enables us to evaluate and visualize social traits obtained by analysing social interactions appearance within egocentric photostreams. Given sets of egocentric images, we detect the appearance of faces within the days of the camera wearer, and rely on clustering algorithms to group their feature descriptors in order to re-identify persons. Recurrence of detected faces within photostreams allows us to shape an idea of the social pattern of behaviour of the user. We validated our model over several weeks recorded by different camera wearers. Our findings indicate that social profiles are potentially useful for social behaviour interpretation.
Top Downloads in IEEE Xplore [Reader's Choice]

Presents a list of articles published by the IEEE Signal Processing Society (SPS) that ranked among the top 100 most downloaded IEEE Xplore articles.
Study of Authorship Pattern, Collaboration and Application of Lotka's Law for Evaluation of Author Productivity in Conference Proceedings of IFLA

The paper examines the authorship pattern and author collaboration in the conference proceedings of World library and Information Congress organised by International Federation of Library Institution and Association (IFLA). For the study, the data from 2011 to 2015(5 years) has been taken. The authorship pattern is studied and the degree of collaboration is calculated which is 0.4463 for the present dataset. In the paper, Lotka's law was tested for which the value of the exponent n and the constant c were computed. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) goodness-of-fit is applied to verify the applicability of Lotka's law. It is found from the study that observed distribution is different from theoretical distribution predicted by Lotka's law. The law does not fit in the observed distribution of IFLA.
PENDIDIKAN DAN LATIHAN AKUNTANSI BAGI PELAJAR DAN MAHASISWA MELALUI PPUPIK PUSAT PELATIHAN AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS PGRI PALEMBANG

&lt;p&gt;Accounting education and training for students and college through PPUPIK,target this Accounting Training Center at the University of Palembang PGRI have 4,there are Senior high school / Islamic School students, vocational students, college and the general public. Accounting training is implemented in theory and practice, both accounting and computer accounting. The recognition system has been carried out by&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;involving college of Edu Accounting Ambassadors and Accounting Education study program by visiting schools and campuses in Palembang to promote and / or establish cooperation. The activities were also published in the mass media, online and newspapers. The implementation of the activities that have been done with two classes, morning study class at 08.00 a.m- 12.00 a.m., afternoon study class is 12.00 a.m- 16.00 p.m. Accounting training conducted is divided into 4 classes, there are service company accounting, trading company accounting, manufacturing accounting and computer accounting (MYOB and Accurate). In phase 1 (February - March 2018) there were 149 participants from Senior high school, vocational School and Islamic School students, on phase 2 (May - June 2018) the participants were students from various universities totaling 149 people and on phase 3 (August - September 2018) the participants were 50 Senior high school, vocational School and Islamic School students. After studying 12-16 meetings, the final examination is conducted for those who have passed the certificate given. For teacher, besides the lecturer in Accounting Education Study Program and lecturer in Accounting Study ProgramUniversity of PGRI Palembang, and also involves brainy alumni . Teachers who come from partners are Prospect accounting courses. Guest lecturers are invited to public lectures and supplements.&lt;br /&gt;Keywords: Accounting, Training, Theory and Practice&lt;/p&gt;
University in the scientific and public-social sphere of life

The consciousness of a crisis of university inclines towards its reformation. In the thinking about its revival it is necessary to take into account the archetypical idea behind university, traditions to date, contemporary conditions and visions of the future. It is also getting indispensable to take into consideration such values that ought to steer the development of university in the framework of global civilization. The tasks of university are as follows: 1) to conduct research in striving for truth in the conditions of autonomy and freedom, as well as responsibility for the present day and the future of man; 2) to educate students, which introduces them in the world of science and life, as well as teaches them to be responsible; 3) to practice public science which is present in debates undertaking to solve vital social problems. The academic community and its elites should defend the conception of university against the dictate of their political and economic counterparts who attempt to impose the idea of an entrepreneurial university which produces a utilitarian knowledge and “human principles”.
Contribution to the Imagery of Landsat 8 for Identification of the Corridors of Mineralisation: Application for Formations of Precambrians Bindiba

The Bindiba gold district study in the East Cameroon region was done using a combination of Landsat 8 ETM image processing techniques, SRTM imagery and fieldwork. The various digital processing methods of treatment applied such as color compositions and component analysis showed lithological differentiation of the different formations of the study area. Directional filtering and treatments such as the Sobel have made a good linear mapping where we have been able to list more than 293 lineaments in which two types have been distinguished. The type I lineaments or penetrative lineaments correspond to schistosity trajectories. This interpretation is confirmed from field data which revealed schistosity plans mainly oriented NE-SW. Type II lineaments or non-penetrative lineaments are characterized by greater cartographic continuity and lesser spatial density. These lineaments thus represent the fracturing of the study area. The results of this lithology and linearization mapping, based on the superposition of the different images from the treatments and the field data, made it possible to identify the zones favorable for gold concentration and highlighted two gold mineralization corridors. This is the N30-35E steering corridor and the N110-135E steering corridor.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCESS APPROACH IN PARAGRAPH WRITING FOR STUDENT IN UNIVERSITY

Abstract : Writing plays an important role for English Foreign Language (EFL) in the real language teaching. This study is a qualitative study and presenting descriptively the data of condition that existed at the time. The subjects of the study are the lecturer in Writing I and the students of Writing I at STKIP PGRI Nganjuk. This qualitative research is conducted to investigate the implementation of Process Approach has been implemented, which involves the description, recording, and interpretation of condition that existed at that time. The sources of data of this study are verbal and non-verbal behaviors of the lecturer and the students’ transcription in teaching and learning. There are some findings obtain from this study. The first finding is the steps of process approach are conducted sequent but the lecturer did not adjust the steps with the needs of syllabus. As a result, the lecturer only implements one step of planning in process approach namely listing technique. Thus, the implementation of process approach is small extent. The second finding shows that most of students respond well because they argue hat process approach is easy to be implemented. The last finding shows that students’ ability is moderate because the most of students’ scores in Writing I course is dominated by “B” score. Key Words : Process Approach, Paragraph Writing