Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A Centralized Multi-Criteria Method for Scheduling Tasks in a Cloud Computing Environment

Task scheduling determines the order of mapping tasks to virtual machines to meet objectives. In this paper, a batch mode heuristic method that is centralized, dynamic, and multi-objective has been presented for scheduling independent tasks with a deadline and belonging to several user levels, using the cloud elasticity in the public cloud environment. In this method, it has been intended to improve the objectives of makespan, deadline violation, total execution cost, and load balancing by considering the tasks’ prioritization based on the criteria of user level, deadline, task length, and selection of heterogeneous virtual machines according to processing power, workload and usage cost. The proposed method was simulated using the CloudSim tool. Besides, the method’s ability to achieve the mentioned goals has been evaluated in comparison with similar methods. The evaluation results, established on standard test data, show that the proposed method has a good performance in improving its objectives.
Mobile-Yolo: A Lightweight Pedestrian Detection Model for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

The pedestrian detection system (PDS) is a function of an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), which aims to locate pedestrians and help drivers avoid accidents. To ensure this, a fast and accurate pedestrian detection model is required, which should be lightweight enough to adapt to mobile vehicles. The target detection algorithm Yolov4 performs well in terms of detection speed and accuracy, but its algorithm is too large to be applied to PDS. In this study, a lightweight pedestrian detection model, Mobile-Yolo, is proposed, which is based on Yolov4 and combined with the depth separable convolution of Mobilenet. Channel pruning method is utilized for model compression. Greatly reducing parameter size, Mobile-Yolo can balance detection accuracy and speed in detecting pedestrians. The evaluation of Mobile-Yolo resulted in 85.57% of AP and an inference speed of 19.1 FPS. The results are basically equivalent to that of Yolov4 for the same data set.
Delay Prediction of Flight Operation Network Based on Deep Learning Combination Model

Due to the correlation between flights in the airline’s flight operation network, when a flight delay occurs, it usually leads to a wide range of delay propagation. In this paper, a GCN-GRU combined prediction model is proposed to predict the level of departure delay owing to the constraints of the airline flight operation network topological structure and the law of dynamic change with time. Specifically, a graph convolution network (GCN) is used to capture the spatial characteristics of flight delay propagation and the gated recurrent unit (GRU) is used to capture the temporal characteristics of flight delay. Experiments show that the GCN-GRU model can obtain the spatio-temporal features from flight delay data. And on real-world flight delay data sets, the prediction results are better than state-of-art baselines. In addition, the experimental results are analyzed by using complex network theory, and the applicability of the model is obtained.
Dictionaries

A dictionary (technically called a dict in Python) is a set of associations between a key and a value that is unordered, changeable (mutable) and indexed. This collection type allows for keyed access to values. That is, a value is stored in a dictionary using a key. This key is then used to retrieve that value at a later date. Dictionaries are very widely used in Python programs.
Monkey Patching

Monkey Patching is a term you might well come across when looking into Python further or when searching the web for Python related concepts. It relates to the ability in Python to extend the functionality associated with a class/type at runtime.
TicTacToe Game

In this chapter we will explore the creation of a simple TicTacToe (or Noughts and Crosses) game using an Object-Oriented approach.
Structural Pattern Matching

A new feature introduced in Python 3.10 was structural pattern matching. In this chapter we will look at the use of the match keyword and how it can be used with literal values, variables and containers such as lists and tuples.
Python Virtual Environments

The Python runtime environment was originally designed a long time ago, and as such one of the aspects that is still a little old fashioned is how it deals with additional third-party libraries and how they are installed. In this chapter we will look at what we mean by third-party libraries, what happens when such a library is installed into your Python runtime environment, the purpose and use of virtual environments and the tool pip and conclude by looking at how an IDE such as PyCharm actually makes working with these environments straight forward.
Sorting and Higher-Order Functions

There are two built-in ways of sorting within Python: using the sorted() function and the sort() method. They differ in one significant way, the sort() method modifies the receiving container, whereas the sorted() function creates a new sorted container leaving the original unchanged. In addition, both of these functions have several optional parameters which allow these facilities to be customized to provide two very powerful features.
Functions in Python

As discussed in the last chapter, when you build an application of any size you will want to break it down into more manageable units, these units can then be worked on separately, tested and maintained separately. One way in which these units can be defined is as Python functions.
Collections, Tuples and Lists

Earlier in this book we looked at some Python built-in types such as string, int and float as well as bools.
Iteration/Looping

In this section we will look at the while loop and the for loop available in Python. These loops are used to control the repeated execution of selected statements. A while loop is often referred to as a conditional loop as it will continue to loop while some condition is true. A for loop is often referred to as a counted loop as it will loop a specific number of times.
A First Python Program

In this chapter we will return to the Hello World program from the last chapter and look at what it is doing. We will also modify it to become more interactive and will explore the concept of Python variables. We will cover concepts such as naming conventions comments in code, and what as far as this book is concerned is the difference between a script and a program.
Where is Python Used

Python is one of the biggest and most popular programming languages in today’s technology world; whatever index or survey you look at Python is usually in the top 3 (along with Java and JavaScript). However, you might be forgiven for thinking that Python is a language exclusively used for Data Analytics or Data Science given the number of times these terms turn up alongside Python. However, Python has a wide and diverse range of uses. In this chapter we will look at eight uses of Python, some of which might surprise you.
Setting up the Python Environment

In this chapter we will check to see if you have Python installed on your computer. If you do not have Python installed then we will step through the process of installing Python. This is necessary because when you run a Python program it looks for the python interpreter that is used to execute your program or script. Without the python interpreter installed on your machine Python programs are just text files!
Higher-Order Functions

In this chapter we will explore the concept of high-order functions. These are functions that take as a parameter, or return (or both), a function. To do this we will first look into how Python represents functions in memory and explore what actually happens when we execute a Python function.
Implementing a Calculator Using Functions

In this chapter we will step through the development of another Python program; this time the program will be to provide a simple calculator which can be used to add, subtract, multiple and divide numbers. The implementation of the calculator is based on the Function Decomposition performed earlier in the book in the Introduction to Structured Analysis chapter.
Protocols, Polymorphism and Descriptors

In this chapter we will explore the idea of an implicit contract between an object and the code that uses that object. As part of this discussion we will explore what is meant by Duck Typing. Following this we will introduce the Python concept called a protocol. We will explore its role within Python programming and look at two commonly occurring protocols; the Context Manager Protocol and the Descriptor Protocol.
Python Properties

Many object-oriented languages have the explicit concept of encapsulation; that is the ability to hide data within an object and only to provide specific gateways into that data. These gateways are methods defined to get or set the value of an attribute (often referred to as getters and setters). This allows more control over access to the data; for example, it is possible to check that only a positive integer above zero, but below 120, is used for a person’s age, etc.
The Effect Of Concentration Ratio Of Sugarcane Bagasse And Starch Fiber On The Characteristics Of Natural Styrofoam For Environmentally Friendly Food Packaging Raw Materials

Styrofoam is one type of food packaging that we often find. Styrofoam has excellent heat and cold resistance so it is used as an insulator. The ability to withstand good temperatures, lightweight and practical encourages the use of styrofoam as a food and beverage packaging material. However, Styrofoam contains many harmful substances and is not environmentally friendly. One solution is to replace the material for making styrofoam which is environmentally friendly called biodegradable foam. Sugarcane bagasse fiber has the potential as a basic material for making biodegradable foam. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effect of the addition of bagasse fiber on the characteristics of biodegradable foam. This experiment uses a complete randomized design method with sugarcane bagasse fiber concentration treatment. The characteristic tests carried out include tensile strength test, water absorption test, biodegradation test, and thermogravimetric analysis. From the results of bagasse fiber decomposed 9,130 mg and still remaining 1,13 mg. The optimum concentration of biodegradable foam bagasse fiber on water absorption, biodegradation rate, and tensile strength in the 90:10 composition sample. The results of functional group analysis showed O-H and C-O groups which indicated that biodegradable foam is easily degraded by microorganisms in the soil. Keywords : Biodegradable foam, bagasse, cassava starch, packaging.
Effectiveness of Dialogical Reading Literacy Programs in Improving Language Skills and Literacy of Early Students

Literacy programs for early childhood students are currently not optimal in involving parents in supporting program implementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the dialogical reading literacy program intervention on the development of language skills and literacy skills of early childhood students. The research method used in this study was a quasi-experimental method to test the effectiveness of a dialogical reading literacy program at home on language development and literacy in early childhood students. The 200 early childhood students participated in this study, and at the same time involved their parents. The duration of this study was one year so that the impact of this preschool-home partnership intervention could be seen more clearly. The instruments used in this study included a questionnaire to reveal students' reading habits with their families, language and literacy assessments, receptive and expressive vocabulary assessments, taxonomic ability assessments, print awareness assessments, and activity sheets for dialogic reading activities. Validity and reliability tests were carried out empirically. Data analysis in this study used a linear hierarchical model with two levels of random intercept. The research findings show that the dialogical reading literacy program has proven effective in improving students' reading skills and literacy. Overall improvement was seen in four aspects of students' language skills and literacy, namely skills of receptive vocabulary, skills of expressive vocabulary, skills of print awareness, and taxonomy skills. So, the intervention of dialogical reading literacy programs by involving parents in dialogic reading activities is very effective in language development and early childhood literacy. This happens because there is mutual trust, a positive relationship between mentors and students, clear and focused goals, and is balanced between stimulus and response. The implication of this research is that parents must be active in carrying out reading activities together with their children to support language and literacy development, so that they are better prepared when they enter a school age.
Enhancement of Proton Density Magnetic Resonance Images using Histogram Equalization and Unsharp Masking

Objective: The main objective of this study is to enhance the contrast and edge information present in the Proton density magnetic resonance medical images to increase the perception of information and provide better visualization format for effective diagnostics and treatment. Method: In the proposed algorithm, adaptive histogram equalization is applied to the input proton density magnetic resonance image to enhance the contrast followed by the unsharp mask filtering to improve the high frequency edge information of the image. Four proton density magnetic resonance images were downloaded from the dataset available in National Library of Medicine website, the experiment was carried out by writing the MATLAB code and executed by Intel Pentium Processor CPU4417U @ 2.3 GHz. Findings: Results reveal that the proposed method out performs adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) technique and Classical Unsharp Masking Filter (CUMF) both in terms of visual quality along with edge preservation and contrast enhancement. The quality of output image from the proposed method is enhanced by 1.34 times over AHE & 1.88 times over CUMF in terms of Spatial Frequency and 1.33 times over AHE & 2.18 times over CUMF in terms of Sharpness. Novelty: This study combines both histogram equalization and unsharp masking to enhance both contrast and edge information of proton density magnetic resonance medical images for effective diagnostics and treatment. Keywords: Proton Density Magnetic Resonance Images; Medical Image Enhancement; Unsharp Mask Filter; Histogram Equalization; Spatial Frequency; Mean Gradient; Sharpness
570 Utility of Gaze-Control for Real-Time Surgical Training During Minimally Invasive Surgery - a Feasilibility Study of Eye-Tracking Technology

Abstract Aim Training in laparoscopic surgery is limited to observing what the trainee is doing on the screen and reliant on verbal coaching. The idea of a physical pointer onto the screen in real-time to allow for more focused supervision and to improve communication was conceptualised. The study aims to demonstrate the feasibility and identify the challenges of using eye-tracking glasses in producing this digital pointer onto a screen. Method Pupil Core (Pupil Labs GmbH) eye-tracking glasses were used to calibrate the edges of a computer monitor to the pupil tracking cameras (200Hz) and the point-of-view (POV) cameras. Utilising the accompanying open-source Pupil Core software, a red-dot cursor was programmed to display in real-time on an accompanying screen. A video of a simulated laparoscopic cholecystectomy and geometric shapes were displayed onto the screen to demonstrate the technology. Results A red dot pointer was successfully displayed on a screen as an overlay controlled entirely by gaze. It was able to track the edges of shapes and used to point out anatomical structures in a video in real-time. Despite the tester looking away from the screen and leaving the seated position, the glasses were able to recallibrate automatically and work seamlessly after. The saccadic nature of eye movements meant that the tracing lines were not always smooth. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the technology exists to make this feasible. Further optimisation in software design is required to mitigate the effects of saccadic eye movements. Further studies collecting objective data is required to demonstrate a minimum viable product.
Decision Tree

In this chapter, we explore the concept of decision trees, prioritizing accessibility by minimizing abstract mathematical theories. We examine a concrete numerical example using a small dataset to predict the suitability of playing tennis based on weather conditions, guiding readers through the process step-by-step. Moreover, we provide sample codes and compare them with the decision tree classification model found in the scikit-learn library. Upon completing this chapter, readers will have gained a comprehensive understanding of the inner workings of decision tree machine learning, the relationship between the underlying principles, and the implementation and performance of the algorithm, preparing them to apply their knowledge to practical scenarios.
K-means Clustering

In this chapter, we explore the K-means clustering algorithm, emphasizing an accessible approach by minimizing abstract mathematical theories. We present a concrete numerical example with a small dataset to illustrate how clusters can be formed using the K.means clustering algorithm. Additionally, we provide sample codes and comparisons with the K-means model available in the scikit-learn library. Upon completing this chapter, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanics behind K-means clustering, and its connection to the implementation and performance of the algorithm, and be well-prepared to apply it in practical use.
Reform and Innovation of Education and Teaching in the Information Age——Comment on “Research on Education and Teaching Theory and Practice in the Information Age”

This paper takes “Research on Education and Teaching Theory and Practice in the Information Age” as the main research object, and discusses the importance and influence of education and teaching reform and innovation in the information age. First, it introduces the background of education in the information age, including the characteristics of the information age and the development status of education. Secondly, it summarizes the main content of the book “Research on the Theory and Practice of Education and Teaching in the Information Age.” Lastly, the key points of education and teaching reform in the information age are discussed in order to provide effective guidelines and support for the practice of future education and teaching reform.
Research on Teaching Reform of Web Design Course in Colleges and Universities Colleges and universities

Web design is a key course for computer majors in colleges and universities, and it has the characteristics of comprehensiveness and practicability. In order to ensure the quality of web design teaching, teachers need to formulate reasonable teaching strategies in combination with teaching content and student characteristics. This paper summarizes the problems existing in the teaching of computer web design in colleges and universities, studies the effective strategies and related precautions of computer web design teaching in colleges and universities, and hopes to provide reference information for relevant teachers.
Introduction to Machine Learning

Machine learning, a rapidly growing subfield of computer science, has had a significant impact on many industries and our lives. This chapter discusses the brief history of machine learning, its widespread adoption as a de facto feature, and fundamental concepts such as supervised and unsupervised learning, regression and classification, and underfitting and overfitting. We also emphasize the importance of understanding machine learning through numerical examples, which can bridge the gap between abstract mathematical theories and practical applications of machine learning algorithms. By developing a strong foundation in machine learning, readers/students can harness its potential to address challenges and opportunities across diverse sectors.
Correlation Between Employee Commitment and Organizational Capabilities of Nigerian Bottling Company

Purpose: This study focused on employee commitment and organizational capabilities of Nigerian Bottling Firms, South-East. &#x0D; Research Methodology: The study adopted correlational survey design and questionnaire as instrument for data collection. The total population of the study comprised of 610 participants from the cadre of senior level managers, middle level managers, and lower-level staff/subordinates of the firm. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane formula and calculated as 242. Simple random sampling technique was adopted in the distribution of the survey. Out of 242 questionnaires administered only 226 were filled and returned while the remaining 16 were not utilized for the study.&#x0D; Result: The results of hypothesis confirmed a strong correlation between employee motivation and organizational competitiveness.&#x0D; Limitations: The data collected from the field survey are limited to Owerri and Enugu production plant.&#x0D; Contributions: The researchers contribute to knowledge in the literature through the use of new concepts in the research objective, use analytical tool, industry of study and geographic coverage.&#x0D; Practical Implications: The researchers recommend managers to routinely re-evaluate their organizational strengths and weaknesses and work with the human resources department to fill competency shortages.&#x0D; Novelty: The researchers developed a mathematical model representing employee commitment and organizational capabilities in the methodology.&#x0D;
Image Encryption based on AES Algorithm and XOR Operation

Sending digital pictures across open networks has emerged as a major privacy risk in recent years. Despite the environment's adaptability and the many benefits it offers, there are, however, a significant number of threats to one's privacy and safety. A great number of cryptosystems have been proposed in the literature on picture encryption in an effort to make communication more secure. For the purpose of data transmission, the AES algorithm is utilized due to the increased efficiency it offers in the block. This paper proposes image encryption techniques based on the AES algorithm and Henon map. The plain image has been encrypted using the AES algorithm at the first step. Then, the Henon map is used to generate a random key which is required to provide the second step of encryption. This step of encryption has been performed using the XOR operation. The results of the studies demonstrate that the strategy proposed resolves the issues that are present in conventional techniques of encryption. The histogram of the encryption picture is consistently spaced despite being different from the histogram of the original image. The recommended approach is extremely sensitive to the key value; even minute adjustments result in a distinct visual representation. As a result, apps that provide real-time picture encryption while operating over unsecured networks are suitable for the unique technique.