Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Методичні особливості викладання природничих дисциплін засобами емерджентно-інтегративного підходу

The article is devoted to the search for the possibilities of implementing an emergent-integrative approach to the training of future teachers of natural sciences in the process of mastering the cycle of fundamental sciences: physics, astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, cosmogony. The possibility of one of the variants of the system-integrative approach to the structuring and study of educational material about fundamental interactions in nature and the current state of the process of combining the physical theories that describe them is substantiated. As research methods, a comprehensive analysis of scientific and methodological sources was used, in which a unified approach to solving pedagogical problems is represented, and a synthesis of the relevant research results published in scientific and pedagogical publications, with the results of the author's work on their experimental implementation in educational practice. We practice teaching the integrative content of the material about fundamental interactions in nature consistently in the form of several stages. First, the nature of all fundamental interactions, their general characteristics, comparative data on the magnitude of numerical values, manifestation of fundamental interactions (forces) in physics, astronomy, chemistry, etc. are considered. The next stage consists in determining the influence of the change in the numerical values of the world constants on the evolution of the universe. After that, modern theories are considered at a qualitative level, which try to combine all fundamental interactions into a single system (scientific picture of the world). As a result of the conducted research, the possibilities of an integrative study of the material about fundamental interactions in nature and their quantum-statistical nature have been clarified. Their fundamentally opposite properties have been determined (long-range nature of gravitational and electromagnetic interactions and short-range – weak and strong), which in combination determine the structural unity and evolution of our universe, the possibility of the existence of a plurality of other universes, the property of inexhaustible «crushing» of matter into smaller and smaller particles, thereby confirming the dialectic of unity and the struggle of opposites.
ROLE OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FREEDOM IN COUNTRY'S ATTRACTIVENESS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI): EVIDENCE FROM THE SOUTH EAST EUROPE

The aim of this research is to empirically explore impact of economic and political freedom as two nontraditional factors on FDI inflows in eight of South East Europe countries between 2002 and 2020. Accordingly, the study hypothesis that high level of economic and political freedom is positively associated with FDI. The study uses panel data techniques. The obtained findings of the study failed to confirm contribution of economic freedom on FDI in eight South East European countries. It can be explained that a given level of reforms conducted in the field of business freedom, trade freedom, monetary freedom, investment freedom, government size, property rights, freedom from corruption, labour freedom, financial freedom, and fiscal freedom are still lagging from developed countries. On the contrary, the findings confirmed the impact of political freedom on FDI attractiveness and that given level of political freedom contributes to growth of FDI.
Types of Virtual Objects

The term “virtual” was used by the ancient Romans. Medieval scholastics also used it. It entered the everyday and scientific language only in the second half of the XXth century with the emergence of digital technologies. Today, even children use it, and lawyers are discussing the issue of recognizing virtual objects as objects of ownership. But to include the term “virtual object” in the system of modern sci­entific categories, it must be strictly defined, as well as a classification of vir­tual objects must be done. The first of these two tasks is being actively solved. In the article “What is a virtual object?” I took part in this work. I intend to make progress in solving the second task: to identify the types of virtual objects, to con­sider their subordination. Virtual objects are understood in the article as sensual and rational knowledge about objects that arise in the absence of these objects, as a result of the autonomous activity of the subject’s brain, and are experienced by the latter in a strictly fixed interval as these objects themselves. This is exactly what happens, for example, in a dream. The thesis that all virtual objects are lo­cated in the phenomenal world of the subject is substantiated. The critique of Plato’s and Popper’s theories of the third world as a container of virtual objects is given. The virtual objects arising within the boundaries of sensual and rational cognition are distinguished. It is shown that the first ones include virtual objects that arise in dreams, hallucinations, perceptions and illusions. The role of illusory virtual objects in modern computer games is analyzed. Virtual objects generated by rational knowledge are divided into empirical and theoretical. It is shown that theo­retical (abstract) objects have all the attributes of virtual ones.
Yuri Lotman and Henri Bergson (Semiotics of Art – Philosophy of Life)

In 1980–90s. Lotman’s scientific interests were mainly focused on discovering the processes taking place in the semiosphere. He was interested in the relation of space and time as two semiotic languages irreducible to each other, the prob­lem of emptiness as an object and language of description, the role of explosions and unpredictable processes in the dynamics of culture, the function of historical memory in culture, etc. Many of these ideas turn out to be consonant with Berg­son’s intuitive metaphysics with its concept of duration as the basis of creative evolution. At the same time, the name of Bergson is not mentioned in the works of Lotman. We can only speak of the intermediary channels through which Berg­son’s ideas reached Lotman. He was greatly influenced by V.I. Vernadsky’s doc­trine of the biosphere and I. Prigogine’s theory of dissipative structures. Each of these scientists was influenced by Bergson. For Vernadsky, the idea of irre­versibility of time and duration as a creative process of life was important. Prigozhin, developing Bergson’s ideas about the unpredictability, made the pro­cesses of irreversibility and instability an object of study. But his research was mostly on the chemical and biological level. Lotman extended the study of ran­dom processes to the level of cultural history. A comparison of Lotman’s theoret­ical approaches to understanding the nature and function of art with Bergson’s intuitive philosophy reveals an undeniable similarity, which allows the late Lot­man’s scientific ideas to be considered within the philosophical paradigm origi­nating from Bergson.
Augmented reality for intracranial meningioma resection: a mini-review

Augmented reality (AR) integrates computer-generated content and real-world scenarios. Artificial intelligence's continuous development has allowed AR to be integrated into medicine. Neurosurgery has progressively introduced image-guided technologies. Integration of AR into the operating room has permitted a new perception of neurosurgical diseases, not only for neurosurgical planning, patient positioning, and incision design but also for intraoperative maneuvering and identification of critical neurovascular structures and tumor boundaries. Implementing AR, virtual reality, and mixed reality has introduced neurosurgeons into a new era of artificial interfaces. Meningiomas are the most frequent primary benign tumors commonly related to paramount neurovascular structures and bone landmarks. Integration of preoperative 3D reconstructions used for surgical planning into AR can now be inserted into the microsurgical field, injecting information into head-up displays and microscopes with integrated head-up displays, aiming to guide neurosurgeons intraoperatively to prevent potential injuries. This manuscript aims to provide a mini-review of the usage of AR for intracranial meningioma resection.
FORMATION OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: MODELING MECHANISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF STRUCTURAL AND INNOVATION TRANSFORMATIONS

This article aims to explore and model the directions for shaping social responsibility in higher education institutions. The topic is of great relevance in the context of the digital era and structural transformations. The study examines the relationship between digital culture, digital knowledge, the level of digitalization, and the effectiveness of higher education institutions in fostering social responsibility. The research methodology employed a literature review and analysis of scientific studies and data. Based on the findings, a theoretical model was developed to illustrate the interconnection between digital culture, digital knowledge, the level of digitalization, and the quadrangle of responsibility: "Sociability – Economics – Ecology – Digitalization." The article proposes seven hypotheses that reflect the impact of digital culture, digital knowledge, and the level of digitalization on the formation of social responsibility in higher education institutions. The results of the study confirm that the development of digital culture, digital knowledge, and the level of digitalization are crucial factors in shaping social, economic, and ecological responsibility in higher education institutions. Universities that actively embrace digital technologies and cultivate a favorable digital culture contribute to the formation of socially responsible values among students and staff. Moreover, students equipped with digital skills and knowledge are better equipped to address economic challenges and make informed decisions considering social aspects. The application of digital technologies and intelligent ecological solutions also helps reduce the environmental impact of universities and raise environmental awareness among students. The practical significance of this article lies in its provision of concrete hypotheses and methodological approaches that can be applied by higher education institutions to implement social responsibility. The research findings can be valuable for universities and students interested in developing social and ecological values, as well as utilizing digital technologies to achieve these goals. The article contributes to the understanding of how digital culture, digital knowledge, and the level of digitalization play vital roles in shaping responsibility in higher education institutions. Overall, this article sheds light on the complex relationship between digitalization and social responsibility in the context of higher education. It offers valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to foster social responsibility within educational institutions.
What Prevents Us from Creating Artificial General Intelligence? One Old Wall and One Old Dispute

The goal set by A. Turing – the creation of a thinking machine – is one of the most important scientific problems that has not yet been solved. The modern frontier in this area is the creation of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Modern researchers are looking for different ways to solve this challenging task. In their search, many scholars point out that attempts to use exclusive lin­guistic communication to solve this problem are not enough. The authors of this article analyze a wide range of research and compare it with well-known re­search in the field of language and consciousness, which became known as the “Zagorsky experiment”. Such a comparison of the latest achievements in the field of AI and an analysis of one of the most breakthrough achievements of neuroscience in the rehabilitation of deaf-blind-mute children is being done for the first time in the literature known to us. Based on the experience of the “Zagorsk experiment”, the article concludes that sensory interaction with the outside world is a necessary condition for the creation of AGI. A vision of vari­ous forms of interaction between the machine and the surrounding world is pro­posed: from verbal to non-verbal, from virtual to physical and otherwise. These forms become the basis for the introduction of a new concept of techno-umwelt. Machine transitions from various techno-umwelts can serve as the basis for cre­ating an AGI that has the ability to act as good or better than a human in a vari­ety of environments.
On the Issue of the Formation of Mathematical Ontology: Historical and Philosophical Aspect

The article analyzes the possibilities of mathematics’ application to the physical reality from the historical-philosophical point of view. The undertaken analysis of the specific works of natural scientists of the past shows that the well-known thesis of Aristotle’s philosophy about the impossibility of applying mathematics in the “sublunary” world requires clarification. Most of the naturalists before Galileo’s time were undoubtedly Aristotelians. Accepting the qualitative variabil­ity of the “sublunary” world in Aristotle’s philosophy, when turning to physics they put into use, starting with Ptolemy, the possibility of a mathematical de­scription of the world. In this connection one of the main principles was the ad­justment of “projecting the law of heaven onto the earth”, which has been used in different ways. Aristotle’s philosophy forbade the application of mathematical laws in the world of physics, specifically in the so-called “sublunary world”. This was because in this area of being prevail four primary elements – fire, air, earth, and water, subject to continuous change, emergence, and destruction. From Aristotle’s point of view this could not be described within the framework of a mathematical approach. These changes are qualitative and this qualitative­ness should be reflected by corresponding physics. Such qualitative physics op­posed the Pythagorean and Platonic tradition, that allowed the use of mathe­matics in the physical world. In the course of history, however, exactly the philosophy of Aristotle held the dominant position. A thorough analysis of the natural scientists’ works who adhered to the Aristotelian point of view shows that all of them allowed the possibility of applying mathematics in the physical world
Investigation of the Effect of Ear Measurements on Sex Estimation in Forensic Sciences Using Machine Learning Techniques: Descriptive Research

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine how ear measurements using machine learning approaches effect sex estimation. Material and Methods: Biometric features are used in forensics to detect or verify individuals. In this study, the effect of ear measurements on one of the biometric characteristics on sex estimation was investigated. Anthropometric landmarks on the faces of 345 persons were identified for this purpose, and a data set of 36 characteristics was created by measuring distances between these landmarks. Unlike many other studies in the field of image processing, measurements obtained on biometric front face, side face, and ear images, as well as a data set containing age information, were compared in the literature, as were different machine learning approaches and accuracy rates. Results: As a result of the findings, an artificial neural networkbased sex estimate approach that appears to be consistent with the data set was developed. Two different artificial neural network models with the same structural features were built and trained. The first model uses all the data set's features as input parameters, whereas the second model does not. After ear measurements were included, the model's classification accuracy increased from 82.6% to 92.2%. Conclusion: When combined with other anthropometric parameters, ear measurements, one of the biometric characteristics, have been demonstrated to improve the success rate of sex estimation.
Hubungan Kecerdasan Naturalistik dengan Asesmen Sumatif Biologi Peserta Didik Fase E di SMAN 4 Sumatera Barat

Learning achievement can be seen from the summative assessment obtained by students after the learning process. One of the factors that influence the assessment results of learners is intelligence. The level of each intelligence possessed by learners is different. Naturalistic intelligence is an important intelligence in learning biology. Naturalistic intelligence is one of the 9 theories of intelligence proposed and developed by Howard Gardner (Harvard Psychologist). This study aims to determine the relationship between naturalistic intelligence and summative assessment of students of SMAN 4 West Sumatra. This type of research is descriptive correlational research. The population in this study were all Phase E students of SMAN 4 West Sumatra. The sample in this study amounted to 86 students in Phase E who were taken by total sampling technique. Data collection techniques through naturalistic intelligence questionnaire and for learning outcomes obtained from mid-semester summative assessment. Data analysis techniques using the analysis requirements test and correlation test using Pearson product moment. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between naturalistic intelligence and learning outcomes of Phase E students at SMAN 4 West Sumatra, with a correlation coefficient value of 0.326 which is classified into the low category.
LEARNING METHOD WHILE PLAYING DALAM MENINGKATKAN VERBAL SMART ANAK

This study aims to find out how the application of the learning method while playing or also called the learning method while playing in improving verbal smart language and speaking skills in early childhood. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out systematically starting with data display, condensation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the field research found that the learning process in which the learning while playing method was applied through role playing, playing flash cards, and singing while playing, was able to improve verbal smart children's language and speaking abilities. because the child will easily absorb, remember and get new vocabulary from the surrounding environment. The implication is that there is a need for an approach used by teachers using other game methods that are able to stimulate the development of language and speech in early childhood to optimize children's verbal smarts.
Literature Review: Storybook Media Improves Reading Understanding of Montessori Theory for Class V Elementary School

In learning Indonesian, we found problems that occurred in fifth grade elementary school as follows: 1) generally the learning media was not in accordance with the characteristics of the students, 2) some students used learning media that were not suitable for learning Indonesian, 3) students were less interested in reading because of the media reading is not interesting for students. This will affect the ability to understand the main idea. The method used in writing this article is a literature review study. In 4 international and 6 national articles, the obstacles found with learning media were difficulties with interest in improving reading comprehension skills, while several positive things were found to increase student motivation in using book media. Stories in the learning process of students in class V elementary school. Learning media using story books is a new habit with various ways to carry out a good and interesting learning process and in accordance with curriculum objectives. Obstacles were found both psychologically and socially among fifth grade elementary school students
Revolutionizing Physics Education: Enhancing High School Students' Understanding of Standing Wave Concepts through Mictester-Based Smartphone Experiments

The study aims to test the effectiveness of using the audio analysis software, Mictester, on smartphones in experiments on standing waves in order to improve students' understanding of concepts in high school. The sample consisted of 19 students of 11th grade at State High School 1 SoE. The instrument used was a test sheet of conceptual understanding of standing wave matter. The results show a significant improvement in students' understanding of concepts after the application of Mictester for audio analysis on Android devices/smartphones. Thus, standing wave experiments that utilize Mictesters software for audio analytics can be an alternative in physics learning, replacing conventional experimental equipment such as oscilloscopes, thereby reducing the cost of experiments.
SOLDIER CODE LANGUAGE IN THE MEMORY OF THE HISTORY OF VETERANS OF SEROJA BANYUWANGI 1765-1976 AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR HISTORY SUBJECTS AND INDONESIAN

This study aims to determine 1). History of the Republic of Indonesia's state ciphers; 2) know the code language used by Seroja Veterans in the history of defending Indonesia's independence; and 3). know the implications of coded language on History Education subjects and Indonesian Language Education subjects. This study used a qualitative approach with case study research methods and sociolinguistic theoretical methods. Data collection was carried out using physical observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The result of the research is that the History of Encoding of the Republic of Indonesia cannot be separated from the role of dr. Roebiono Kertopati is the Father of Indonesian National Encryption. The code language used by Veterans has the following characteristics: short and concise, clear, firm, easy to understand for the recipient of the information, and the words used are simple. Veterans only receive codes according to the leadership's instructions. In general, the types of codes are animal codes, types of food, types of animals and others that are not permanent in nature. the implications of coded language for History Education subjects can be used as a source of learning history, historical awareness and historical research. For Indonesian language education subjects, it can be used to add a variety of vocabulary.
Artificial Intelligence, a Singular Technology: Paradigms, and Models

Artificial intelligence is a real driver of the scientific and technological development, with a difficult horizon to assess. This chapter seeks to give a brief overview of this science and technology in order to understand their present condition and potential in the near future. Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision. A challenging horizon to predict, artificial intelligence is a genuine force behind technological and scientific advancement. The chapter tries to analyze the various paradigms, models, and approaches, which has been discoursing artificial intelligence. To this end, the symbolic current, the connectionist model of neural networks, and the fuzzy cognitive maps are studied, to then move on to analyze the so-called computational intelligence, and the sub-symbolic current. From a chronological point of view, three paradigms in the development of artificial intelligence are considered: the initial or mono-block, the current paradigm of distributed artificial intelligence, and the starting paradigm of generative artificial intelligence. The first principally resulted in expert systems, which are quite useful, and the second in multi-agent systems and other models. To make the usage and efficacy of these systems and models clear, several examples are provided. Finally, some information on the efforts being made to try to integrate all current methodologies is provided, and a brief prediction regarding the third paradigm, generative artificial intelligence, is also included.