Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Greedy Sensor Selection for Weighted Linear Least Squares Estimation under Correlated Noise

Optimization of sensor selection has been studied to monitor complex and large-scale systems with data-driven linear reduced-order modeling. An algorithm for greedy sensor selection is presented under the assumption of correlated noise in the sensor signals. A noise model is given using truncated modes in reduced-order modeling, and sensor positions that are optimal for generalized least squares estimation are selected. The determinant of the covariance matrix of the estimation error is minimized by efficient one-rank computations in both underdetermined and overdetermined problems. The present study also reveals that the objective function with correlated noise is neither submodular nor supermodular. Several numerical experiments are conducted using randomly generated data and real-world data. The results show the effectiveness of the selection algorithm in terms of accuracy in the estimation of the states of large-dimensional measurement data.
The Effect of Lexical Inference Strategy Instruction on Saudi EFL learners’ Reading Comprehension

Lexical inference strategy plays an important role in increasing the level of reading comprehension of second or foreign language learners. Lexical inferencing as an efficient strategy to deal with unfamiliar words has attracted much attention in the comprehension literature. However, few studies on lexical inferencing have been conducted in an English as a foreign language (EFL) setting. To fill in the existing gap, the current study aimed at investigating the effect of lexical inferencing strategy instruction on Saudi EFL students’ reading comprehension. Additionally, it sought to identify the lexical inferencing strategies used by Saudi EFL learners while they were inferring unknown words in a text. Last, the current study attempted to find the relationship between lexical inference strategies and reading comprehension among Saudi EFL learners. Sixty students from the English department were selected based on their scores on the Oxford Placement Test, indicating that they were at intermediate levels of English proficiency. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: control and experimental (each consisting of 30 students). The participants in the control group received regular instruction, while the participants in the experimental group were treated using lexical inference strategies. The instruments used for collecting data were Oxford Placement Test, reading comprehension test, and think-aloud protocol. A pre-test and post-test were administered for control and experimental groups. The results of the independent samples t-test revealed that teaching inference skills had a significant effect on reading comprehension performance among EFL learners. The results of the paired t-tests showed that lexical inferencing instruction had a statistically significant effect on EFL learners’ reading comprehension development. The results of the Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that there was a significant relationship between lexical inferencing strategies and reading comprehension. The findings revealed the profound impact of lexical inferencing strategy instruction on the experimental group's performance in understanding reading text. Hence, it was concluded that lexical inferencing strategies were recommended to teach to improve the students’ reading comprehension performance.
From observations to complexity of quantum states via unsupervised learning

The vast complexity is a daunting property of generic quantum states that poses a significant challenge for theoretical treatment, especially in non-equilibrium setups. Therefore, it is vital to recognize states which are locally less complex and thus describable with (classical) effective theories. We use unsupervised learning with autoencoder neural networks to detect the local complexity of time-evolved states by determining the minimal number of parameters needed to reproduce local observations. The latter can be used as a probe of thermalization, to assign the local complexity of density matrices in open setups and for the reconstruction of underlying Hamiltonian operators. Our approach is an ideal diagnostics tool for data obtained from (noisy) quantum simulators because it requires only practically accessible local observations.
Mengaplikasikan Tehnik Pohon untuk Meningkatkan Kosa Kata Siswa Kelas VII MTS Negeri 1 Palu

This research was conducted at the Seventh Grade students of MTs. Negeri 1 Palu. It was quasi experimental research as design. The sample was Seventh B and Seventh C consisting 30 students each. The data was collected from the Test (Pre-test and Post-test). The findings of the research shows that the application of tree technique can increase students’ Vocabulary mastery. The result of pretest shows the average score of the experimental group is 65.13, while the average score of the control group is 72.92. Meanwhile, the result of the posttest reveales that the average score of the experimental group is 74.59, while in the average score of the control group is 68.06. The difference in vocabulary scores of the experimental group and the control group is 6.53. It shows that the average score of the experimental group is higher than the control group. Using t-test, the calculated t-value is found 7.287. It is higher than the t-table value which is 2.019. From the calculation, it can be stated that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. The researcher concludes that the students can increase their vocabulary mastery through the use of tree technique. Furthermore, with this technique the students are able to explore their new vocabularies.
A Simple Cooperative Diversity Method Based on Deep-Learning-Aided Relay Selection

It's been submitted to IEEE Transactions
AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IN PARAGRAPH WRITING OF THE SECOND SEMESTER AT ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION AT ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF OGAN KOMERING ILIR KAYUAGUNG

The simple present tense is the most basic form that must be mastered by second-semester students of the Islamic University Ogan Komering Ilir Kayuagung. In addition, students are also required to write paragraphs using the simple present tense based on the syllabus. However, most students still have difficulty using the simple present tense in writing paragraphs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the most dominant student errors in using the simple present tense. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The research subjects involved the second-semester students of English Language Education at the Islamic University of Ogan Komering Ilir Kayuagung. The research instruments used a written test. Based on the calculation, it was found that 56.89% error of misformation, 15.51% error of addition, 13.79% error of omission, and 13.79% error of misordering made by the students.
MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE TO ENHANCE JUNIOR HIGH STUDENT’S READING COMPREHENSION

This research aimed at recognizing how mind mapping technique could enhance students’ reading comprehension. The investigation includes the teachers’ strategy in utilizing mind mapping techniques and the students respond to this technique. This research was carried out in one of tutorial course in Bandung. In gaining the research data, the writer gave a pre-test to the 6 students as research participant. Each student represented low, medium, and high achiever level. The data then collected through interview and observation. In its process, the research participants were required to read a text and then make their own mind map. At the end, the researcher conducted a post-test to know the significance. The post-test was in a form of questions related to the text read. In addition, the interview was also conducted to figure out the students’ learning experience. The data collected then assessed using High School Reading Comprehension Rubric. The assessment including the students’ ability in identifying the theme of the text and supporting details, summarizing the text, making inference, interpreting difficult vocabularies, and analyzing the purpose of the text. The result showed that there was significant different in students’ score before and after the treatment given. As well as on the positive responses showed by the students.
VERBAL INTERACTION BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM

This research was conducted in the tenth grade students in a senior high school in Bandung Barat. The purposes of this study are to identify the types of verbal interaction in the classroom based on Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC) and what is the impact to students’ speaking skill. This research used descriptive qualitative method. More specifically this research was classified as a case study. The instruments of this research used observation and interview. The data from observations were accompanied by Video recording. Then, transcribed into the written form. Observation data were processed into FIAC sheet and calculated to find the dominant type. Interview data were processed using descriptive qualitative. The findings of the research show that all types of verbal interaction based on Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC) were used by the teacher and students in the classroom. The type most often used is asking questions and student talk responses with a percentage of 26.34% at the first meeting and 22.12% at the second meeting. Then the students' talk response with a percentage of 28.14% at the first meeting and 34.62% at the second meeting. The results of the research with interviews stated that verbal interaction can help students develop a little in English speaking skills, especially on elements of pronciation, grammar and vocabulary.
Quantum Computing Technology [Guest Editorial]

Digital computers can perform fast sequential operations. After bit operations, a definite sequence of zeros or ones is obtained, which is similar to the use of an electronic mechanism to quickly operate a huge abacus. The bit of a digital computer is in a definite state of zero or one, but actual physics is continuous. There exists a significant deficiency in using digital Turing machines to describe the physical world. On the other hand, quantum physics happens to be discontinuous, and, thus, quantum Turing machines are truly compatible with problems in the quantum world.
The Improvement of the Students’ Ability in Writing Procedure Text Using Video Recipe

Writing skill is one of the most difficult language skills to be mastered for foreign learners. Learners are demanded not only to master linguistic features but also to acquire non-linguistic aspects. To train learners, teachers should provide their learners with writing exercises as much as possible in classes. This study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of video recipes to improve students’ writing procedure texts at the nineth-grade students of SMPN 1 Mojowarno, East Java. This study involved 32 students as participants that consisted of 16 males and 16 females. This study was designed in the classroom action research. The CAR procedure consisted of Planning, Implementing, observing, and reflecting. Each phase has activities dealing with the use of video recipe to improve students’ writing procedural texts. To state students’ criterion of success, the researcher enacted the score of 76. This study passed two cycles. In the first cycle, students still are achieving the passing grade. Students have achieved the passing in second cycle. Based on the results, the students showed their interest, pleasure, enthusiasm and curiosity during the implementation of video recipes. Therefore, this study can be inferred that video recipes was able to improve the students’ ability in writing procedure text at SMPN 1 Mojowarno.
Engaged Reading: Moving from Theory to Implication for L2 Learners

There have been a good number of research studies on ‘engaged reading’ in general but not much literature is known about the ‘engaged reading’ that makes connections between theory and practice with special reference to ESL/EFL teachers. Hence, this paper aims to examine the efficacy of engaged reading and shows how it can be facilitated through mass awareness among the ESL or EFL teachers. Teachers’ adequate knowledge and perception about engaged reading can only ensure the implementation of it as a means of learning by owning the language thus creating a real attachment to it. This article uses a qualitative research method that exclusively uses the relevant secondary references/works available on the topic. The literature revealed that attitudes and strategy instruction of teachers in the classroom play a significant role in terms of increasing the learners’ motivation for reading with interest and their reading engagement for better academic achievement. The paper finally demonstrates how teachers with the best of their potential and concentration can immensely contribute to the growth of a reader to be an engaged reader.
Factors Influencing Residents' Satisfaction Under Multiple Sources of Environmental Pollution: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Abstract The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
English Ability Students Faculty of Economics in the Competition of the World of Work

The purpose of this study was to determine the English language skills of students of the Faculty of Economics in competition in the world of work. The ability to speak English at this time is very much needed, especially in facing the era of global competition. As we know English is one of the glue tools between nations or often referred to as an international language. This triggers the necessity for every individual who wants to compete in the era of globalization to be able to speak using English. This necessity is one of the motivations for someone to be able to speak English as an effort to be categorized as an individual who is able to compete with other individuals across countries. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach, and the type of research used is literature, namely collecting data or scientific papers related to the object of research or collecting data that is library in nature. As well as a study carried out to solve a problem critically and deeply on library materials that are relevant to the research.
Flood risk of today and tomorrow

A flood is like a silent killer. Although small floods may appear harmless, they can be deadly when they become massive. For example, the annual damages from flooding in Pontianak, Indonesia reached 30 million dollar in 2015 and could increase to 83.6 million dollar by 2055. To counter these events, we need to assess the vulnerability of a city by making a flood risk map and comparing the current vulnerability state in 2020 and the future vulnerability state in 2050. The present study involved quantitative research using variables and measurements to indicate the vulnerability state of each district of Pontianak. The variables consisted of evacuation route efficiency and sheltering capacity, with these variables representing how easily people can be evacuated and the sufficiency of shelter, respectively. The efficiency of evacuation routes was measured by integration measures from space syntax methods, while sheltering capacity was determined by the data and simple equations. A quadrant diagram was used to record the results of both measurements and present the vulnerability. This research projected the population in 2050 and repeated the measurements to predict future changes. By comparing the flood vulnerability of Pontianak City in 2020 and 2050, this research found that Pontianak City will become more resilient against flooding. The reason for this finding is the implementation of a ring road to Pontianak City. The ring road will significantly improve the evacuation route of the city. Howeover, the capacity rate decreased, which should be addressed as a serious risk.
REFLECTIONS ON THE USE OF SOFTWARE FOR THE TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS IN BASIC EDUCATION BASED ON THE SCIELO DATABASE

Recently, numerous researchers have been intensifying their research related to the use of software aimed at the teaching and learning process in different areas of knowledge.In this sense, the aim of this investigation was to promote reflections on the work resulting from research related to the use of educational software for the teaching of Mathematics in High School, published from 2014 to 2020, together with the Scielo database.For the selection of articles, the following descriptors were sought: "Educational Software and Mathematics Teaching" and "High School".It was evidenced through the research analyzed here that the use of educational software can contribute both to the teaching and learning process of Mathematics, mainly, contributing to motivate students and to approach the reality of students by promoting mediation by through technologies in this area of knowledge.
What embedded counterfactuals tell us about the semantics of attitudes

We discuss German examples where counterfactuals restricting an epistemic modal are embedded under glauben 'believe'. Such sentences raise a puzzle for the analysis of counterfactuals, modals, and belief attributions within possible-worlds semantics. Their truth conditions suggest that the modal's domain is determined exclusively by the subject's belief state, but evaluating the counterfactual separately at each of the subject's doxastic alternatives does not yield the correct quantificational domain: the domain ends up being determined by the facts of each particular world, which include propositions the subject does not believe. We therefore revise the semantics of counterfactuals: counterfactuals still rely on an ordering among worlds that can be derived from a premise set (Kratzer, Angelika. 1978. Semantik der Rede: Kontexttheorie - Modalwörter - Konditionalsätze (Monographien Linguistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft 38). Königstein: Scriptor, 2012 [1981]a. The notional category of modality. In Modals and conditionals (Oxford studies in theoretical linguistics 36), 27-69. Oxford: Oxford University Press), but rather than uniquely characterizing a world, this premise set can be compatible with multiple worlds. In belief contexts, the attitude subject's belief state as a whole determines the relevant ordering. This, in turn, motivates a revision of the semantics of believe: following Yalcin's work on epistemic modals (Yalcin, Seth. 2007. Epistemic modals. Mind 116. 983-1026), we submit that evaluation indices are complex, consisting of a world and an ordering among worlds. Counterfactuals are sensitive to the ordering component of an index. Attitude verbs shift both components, relativizing the ordering to the attitude subject.
Geostatistical Mapping of Folded Itabiritic Rocks of the Bonito Mine, Northeastern Brazil

Geological modeling is the primary task of any exploratory geological investigation, and it is performed even during the mine development. In the study area, the Serra dos Quintos Formation hosts banded iron formations represented by assorted itabirites. The database used in this work was exploited from a geological databank which was structured to gather data and information depicted from an exhaustive exploratory drilling program. A survey was performed throughout the entire databank to collect the available thickness data values (measured in meters) from drill core logs that intersected the itabirite. Since structural heterogeneities can occur within these rocks, this study aims to identify such features. Geostatistical estimation and simulation methods were employed to map folded itabiritic beds based on thickness data accurately. Kriging estimators are often used for practical reasons; however, sometimes, the estimates can be smoothed and do not represent the entire original data range. Simulation algorithms can yield several stochastic images, but local accuracy cannot always be guaranteed. Simulated annealing was performed by adjusting the global statistics and preserving the local accuracy. We demonstrated that the banded iron formations’ thicker areas might correspond to the antiform fold as the dominant tectonic feature in the study area. Finally, we show that the simulated thickness map discloses the thicker mineralized spots. Meanwhile, the thinner ones may unveil intrinsic structural heterogeneities mainly observed at the limbs of the Bonito fold, where intensive deformation within the itabiritic layer was higher than expected. Concerning the mining issues, information obtained from the simulated thickness map could provide ancillary data to improve mining planning in the study area.
Karakteristik Biodegradable Foam Berbasis Pati Singkong Dengan Variasi Penambahan Tepung Ampas Tebu dan Polyvinyl Alcohol

Biodegradable foam is a type of environmentally friendly packaging made from biopolymers in the form of starch that can be degraded naturally. This study aims to determine the characteristics of biodegradable foam and its prototype made from cassava starch as a biopolymer substitute for synthetic polymers by adding variations of bagasse flour to compact the structure and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which functions to reduce water absorption. The stages of making biodegradable foam are started by making bagasse flour, making biodegradable foam sheets using the baking process, and making a prototype bowl of biodegradable foam. The making of this biodegradable foam consists of 6 formulas by adding variations of bagasse flour (5%, 10%, 15%) and PVA (20%, 40%) from 36 grams of starch mass. The tests carried out were in the form of water absorption, biodegradation, thickness, tensile strength, and density tests. The best treatment was found in the A3B1 formula which was used as the basis for making a prototype bowl of biodegradable foam. The addition of variations of bagasse flour and PVA had a significant effect on the characteristics of water absorption and biodegradation, while the other characteristics were only PVA which had a significant effect. The results of the best treatment as the basis for making a prototype bowl of biodegradable foam with water absorption characteristics of 25.93% and biodegradation of 45.95%.
Finding gadgets in incremental code updates for return-oriented programming attacks on resource-constrained devices

Abstract Code-reuse attacks pose a threat to embedded devices since they are able to defeat common security defences such as non-executable stacks. To succeed in his code-reuse attack, the attacker has to gain knowledge of some or all of the instructions of the target firmware/software. In case of a bare metal firmware that is protected from being dumped out of a device, it is hard to know the running instructions of the target firmware. This consequently makes code-reuse attacks more difficult to achieve. This paper presents a novel approach how an attacker can gain knowledge of some of these instructions by sniffing unencrypted incremental updates. These updates exist to reduce the radio reception power for resource-constrained devices. It will be demonstrated how a return-oriented programming (ROP) attack can be accomplished on a MSP430 MCU using only the passively sniffed incremental updates. The generated updates of the R3diff and Delta Generator (DG) differencing algorithms will be under assessment. The evaluation reveals that both of them can be exploited by the attacker and how an attacker can maximize his information gain when dealing with more than one update. It also shows that the DG generated updates leak more information than the R3diff generated updates. This stresses the fact that even delta updates need to be protected with encryption. To defend against this attack, different countermeasures that consider different power consumption scenarios are proposed, but yet to be evaluated.