Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing syntactic generalizations with minimalist grammars

Within the currently dominant Minimalist framework for syntax (Chomsky, 1995(Chomsky, , 2000)), it is not uncommon to encounter multiple proposals for the same natural language pattern in the literature.We investigate the possibility of evaluating and comparing analyses of syntax phenomena, implemented as minimalist grammars (Stabler, 1997), from a quantitative point of view.This paper introduces a principled way of making linguistic generalizations by detecting and eliminating syntactic and phonological redundancies in the data.As proof of concept, we first provide a small step-by-step example transforming a naive grammar over unsegmented words into a linguistically motivated grammar over morphemes, and then discuss a description of the English auxiliary system, passives, and raising verbs produced by a prototype implementation of a procedure for automated grammar optimization.
Improving Aliyah Students’ Speaking Skills by Using Podcast

This research is aimed in improving students’ speaking skills for Aliyah students at grade XII by using Podcast media. The background of this research is the need of technology application in the teaching and learning process in covid-19 pandemic. This research applied quasi experimental method with pre-test post-test design. The sample of this study are female students of grade XII IPS as the experimental class and female students of XII IPA for the control class. The instruments used to collect the data are speaking test and questionnaire. The speaking test used to gather the data about speaking achievement, while the questionnaire used to obtain the data on students’ perspective of using Podcast in speaking teaching and learning process. To analyze the data, the researcher used normality, homogeneity, and t-test. While descriptive statistics is used to analyze the data on students’ perspective. The result of independent sample t-test is 0.014 means it is lower than 0.05. So, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between control and experimental group. While for the students’ perspective of the use of Podcast in the English teaching and learning process found most of the students have positive respond. Most of them said that Podcast can help them in learning English, especially in speaking skills.
Teacher Education: Revamping Professionalism in the Teaching Profession through ICT and Socio-cultural Approaches

IntroductionAfrican pioneers are aware of most of the challenges faced by the educational sector even as recent happenings in the world calls for the need to reevaluate key sectors of the global economy especially the education sector.In the words of President Moi of Kenya in Spring, (1998:193) and Bitzer, (2002) 'We should progressively look towards training to assist with tackling such issues as joblessness, populace development, declining agrarian creation, and the harm caused to our current circumstance'.Education in Africa is confronted with some critical issues which have hindered efforts in meeting the goals and educational demand of the 21st century coupled with the increase in population.Thus, this implies that at the primary, secondary and tertiary institutions, those seeking access to educational opportunities will increase.Regardless of this reality, educational institutions in Africa are not growing enough in terms of basic infrastructure, facilities and personnel that will address the rise in the number of students seeking access to education.In a bid to ensure that every individual gets equal access to educational opportunities that will be more receptive to most of the challenges faced by the society, states, and the continent at large, hence the exploration of other opportunities.Interestingly, from April 25th to 27th 2018, there was a 'Pan African High-Level Conference on Education' (PACE2018) meeting in Nairobi, Kenya.One of the reasons for the Nairobi Declaration of 2018 which had in attendance top government officials, Ministers of Education of Africa, Civil Society, representatives of Pan-African and sub-regional organizations, United Nations organizations, as well as the African Union (AU), in the 'Call for Action on Education in Bridging the Global and Continental Education Frameworks for the Africa We Want' was to develop unified aims and objective towards the transformation of education to achieve the global 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and 2063 Agenda for the Africa We Want.The declaration also aimed at developing skilled citizens in the African continent
Analysis on the Degree of Coupling Coordination Between Higher Education and Regional Economic Development in China: Take Sichuan Province of China as an Example

To explore the relationship between China's higher education and the level of regional economic development, the coupling coordination degree of panel data from China's Sichuan province across 2011-2018 is analyzed based on self-constructed evaluation index system and with a integration of various methods including entropy value method, coupling coordination degree model and grey forecasting model. The results show that the coupling coordination degree between higher education and economic development in five Sichuan districts is not high, among which Chengdu Plain Economic Zone is much higher than the other four: southern Sichuan Economic Zone, northeast Sichuan Economic Zone, Panxi Economic Zone and northwest Sichuan Ecological Demonstration Zone. The study also predicts that in the five years, the coupling coordination degree of the five districts in Sichuan will be still not high, and none of them will broke through the incoordinate stage and entered the coordination stage. Moreover, the difference between the prefecture-level cities in Chengdu Plain Economic Zone is the largest.
Built to Scale: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Adjective Scales in the Mcgill Pain Questionnaire

Modern medical diagnosis relies on precise pain assessment tools in translating clinical information from patient to physician. The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) is a clinical pain assessment technique that utilizes 78 adjectives of different intensities in 20 categories to quantify a patient’s pain. The questionnaire’s efficacy depends on a predictable pattern of adjective use by patients experiencing pain. In this study, I recreate the MPQ’s adjective intensity orderings using data gathered from patient forums and modern NLP techniques. I extract adjective intensity relationships by searching for key linguistic contexts, and then combine the relationship information to form robust adjective scales. Of 17 adjective relationships predicted by this research, only 4 diverge from the MPQ’s orderings, which is statistically significant at the 0.1 alpha level. The results suggest predictable patterns of adjective use by people experiencing pain, but call into question the MPQ’s categories for grouping adjectives.
Arab Tourist Behavior in the Egyptian Tourist Destination

This research aims to study the behavior of the Arab tourist in the Egyptian tourist destination from several aspects, the most important of which is the level of dealing with service providers, and his tendencies and rates of spending and consumption in the Egyptian tourist destination.The researchers designed a scale that was distributed to a random sample of employees in the tourism and hotel fields.One of the most important nationalities of the sample was the Saudi Arabia, Emirates, Kuwait, and Libya tourists.The research tool was designed on the google form website.The tool was electronically distributed to the study sample, and the correct responses came with 391 complete answers .The researchers used the program of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS V.22) to reach the required results, the most important result is that the rate of satisfaction of tourism service providers with the behavior of Arab tourists is high because of tourists' good ethics in dealing and always satisfied with the services provided without clear complaints, Arab tourists are the best of tourists because of their behavior in paying for service, tips, and spending.In the end, the research recommended the need to preserve this type of tourist market due to its distinguishment of a set of advantages that are not available in other tourist markets.
Uncertain Decisions Facilitate Better Preference Learning

Existing observational approaches for learning human preferences, such as inverse reinforcement learning, usually make strong assumptions about the observability of the human's environment. However, in reality, people make many important decisions under uncertainty. To better understand preference learning in these cases, we study the setting of inverse decision theory (IDT), a previously proposed framework where a human is observed making non-sequential binary decisions under uncertainty. In IDT, the human's preferences are conveyed through their loss function, which expresses a tradeoff between different types of mistakes. We give the first statistical analysis of IDT, providing conditions necessary to identify these preferences and characterizing the sample complexity -- the number of decisions that must be observed to learn the tradeoff the human is making to a desired precision. Interestingly, we show that it is actually easier to identify preferences when the decision problem is more uncertain. Furthermore, uncertain decision problems allow us to relax the unrealistic assumption that the human is an optimal decision maker but still identify their exact preferences; we give sample complexities in this suboptimal case as well. Our analysis contradicts the intuition that partial observability should make preference learning more difficult. It also provides a first step towards understanding and improving preference learning methods for uncertain and suboptimal humans.
Information System Security Practices and Implementation Issues and Challenges in Public Universities

The use of information and communication technology has been providing the competitive edge for universities globally while Kenyan universities are not an exception. This has in turn made the universities targets of cyber-attacks and hence exposure to unprecedented security risks. The universities need to implement information security best practices and standards in their technological environments to remain secure and operational. The research sought to investigate the information security practices adopted in Kenyan public universities to protect themselves. Descriptive survey method was employed while the study was based on Operationally Critical Threats, Assets and Vulnerability Evaluation (OCTAVE) framework and other industry security best practices. The study targeted the 31 chartered public universities, which were clustered based on their year of establishment. Simple random and purposive sampling methods were utilized to select two target universities per cluster and determine respondents respectively. The study had a response rate of 61%. Analysis of data was done via descriptive statistics while presentation of results was done using tables and Likert scale. The study revealed that universities had implemented information security policies, with 47.6% of respondents somewhat agreeing to that. Funding for security was provided 57.6% somewhat agreeing, though the funding was deemed low by 51% of respondents. Training for security staff was deemed somewhat available (44%) thus below par, while involvement of university management on policies development was at 48% though university management participation in policies review was below average. 38% of respondents somewhat agreed that policies governing use of mobile devices existed. Frequency of user awareness and training was below the average, while 48% of respondents somewhat agreed that universities usually share their intelligence reports on threats and responses with other government agencies. 49% of respondents were somewhat in agreement universities had put in place incidence response plans. Application of updates and improvements was below average, though evaluation of effectiveness of controls was average. To remain protected universities management should cause a review of their employed information security practices and address identified gaps through instigation of essential remedial actions.
A data quarantine model to secure data in edge computing

&lt;p&gt;Edge computing provides an agile data processing platform for latency-sensitive and communication-intensive applications through a decentralized cloud and geographically distributed edge nodes. Gaining centralized control over the edge nodes can be challenging due to security issues and threats. Among several security issues, data integrity attacks can lead to inconsistent data and intrude edge data analytics. Further intensification of the attack makes it challenging to mitigate and identify the root cause. Therefore, this paper proposes a new concept of data quarantine model to mitigate data integrity attacks by quarantining intruders. The efficient security solutions in cloud, ad-hoc networks, and computer systems using quarantine have motivated adopting it in edge computing. The data acquisition edge nodes identify the intruders and quarantine all the suspected devices through dimensionality reduction. During quarantine, the proposed concept builds the reputation scores to determine the falsely identified legitimate devices and sanitize their affected data to regain data integrity. As a preliminary investigation, this work identifies an appropriate machine learning method, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), for dimensionality reduction. The LDA results in 72.83% quarantine accuracy and 0.9 seconds training time, which is efficient than other state-of-the-art methods. In future, this would be implemented and validated with ground truth data.&lt;/p&gt;
Dimensionality Reduction for Classification of Filipino Text Documents based on Improved BayesianVectorization Technique

Dimensionality reduction of feature vector size plays a vital role in enhancing the text processing capabilities to reduce the size of the feature vector used in the mining tasks to achieve a higher classification accuracy.While dimensionality reduction for text classification is becoming a great area of research in most languages, Filipino documents have received little or no attention from researchers.Thus, this paper addresses the issue of dimensionality reduction in representing relevant data from Filipino texts using an improved Bayesian vectorization technique.To validate the effectiveness of improved Bayesian vectorization, the model was compared to the Term Frequency and Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) method.The outcomes are presented using standard measures such as precision, recall, f-score, and accuracy.The results revealed that the improved Bayesian vectorization has significantly better results having 98% classification accuracy compared to 76% classification accuracy of the TF-IDF vectorization technique.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SALES INFORMATION SYSTEM OF INDONESIAN SPICES AT PT.INDO REMPAH

Spices and herbs are biological resources that have long played an important role in human life. In the current pandemic where our bodies have an immune system that can manage the body's power, but the factors of age, lifestyle and regular use of drugs can affect the level of body power, therefore this spice has been considered to provide health and this has led to the demand for spices. high enough. The continuous use of spices, both from the household sector to the industrial sector, makes consumers have to find or buy these spices every day to the market or to spice collectors for industrial consumers. To meet market needs and consumer needs directly, therefore the proposed solution to overcome this problem is to use e-commerce media. The system development model used in making this information system is the SDCL (System Development Life Cycle) waterfall (Waterfall) or classic life flow. The stages that are passed in the system analysis and design process include: system requirements analysis, design, code generator, testing and support. From the results of this study, it is hoped that the existence of this spice sales information system can help farmers, especially spice producers, in terms of increasing the selling power of their agriculture, making it easier to carry out promotions, sales transactions to produce sales reports.
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON LINGUISTIC IDEOLOGY USED ON BILLBOARDS IN JAKARTA

&lt;p align="center"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;em&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indonesian language has long been officially determined as the national language of Indonesia. However, numerous texts in mass media embed English in the text being delivered. Previous studies have shown that English has long been used in Indonesia’s different media and platforms to, one of which, enhance the sense of prestige as well as class of the discourse presented. Though some researchers have conducted studies regarding the surface ideation of advertisements, little is known about the linguistic ideology behind the use of English in those texts, wherein the gap is fulfilled by the present study. This study aimed to analyze the linguistic ideology behind the English used on local billboards, with TACO framework. The findings showed that English is often used on local billboards in plenty of non-normative lexical positioning, unconventional spelling, and preferences in source language over the prescribed Bahasa Indonesia loan words. Study also found different modes of Bahasa Indonesia-English coinage as well as some evidence of disconnect between the Bahasa Indonesia-English use of expressions and the actual sold products. This study believes that these eccentric language pairings between Bahasa Indonesia and English lend themselves into the present ideology of prestige enhancement of the product and service advertised. This ideation is derived from a particular narrative that English is superior towards the national language, Indonesian language. Findings also exhibited that economic and education gaps are two main issues hidden behind the use of English on local billboards.&lt;/p&gt;
Peningkatan Keterampilan Guru Mengadakan Video Pembelajaran Melalui Kegiatan iHT Dengan Aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meeting

The purpose of this study is to improve the skills of teachers in making learning videos through iHT activities with the Zoom Cloud Meeting Application. This research is School Action Research (PTS). The research subjects were 18 subject teachers at SMAN 1 Siborongborong. Data collection techniques were observation and documentation techniques. Data validation with triangulation technique. The data analysis method in this study used qualitative data analysis. The results showed that iHT activities with the Zoom Cloud Meeting Application were proven to be able to improve the skills of teachers in making learning videos. Increasing the results of the assessment of the skills of teachers at SMAN 1 Siborongborong making learning videos in the initial conditions with an average score of 45.11 and included in the Less (K) category, increasing in the first cycle with an average value of 70.16 and entering the Enough category (C) and in the second cycle with an average value of 90.95 and included in the Good category (B).
The influence of "MUSIC" model on the development of foreign language communicative competence of prospective foreign language teachers in the process of professional training

The methodological influence of B. Jones’ model “MUSIC” on the process of professional competence development in prospective foreign language teachers in the process of professional training is studied in the article. The definitions of “educational environment” and “educational space” are considered; it is concluded that the process of professional training of prospective teachers of foreign languages should be aimed at the development of their professional competence. In the course of the research it is established that the five-level model “MUSIC” of B. Jones, which is presented from the author's point of view, can help to optimize the impact of the environment on the process of professional competence development in the course of professional training of prospective foreign language teachers. At the first level, it is suggested to provide extended powers to prospective teachers of foreign languages in order to exercise their self-control over the process of developing thier professional competence during professional training. At the second level, it is necessary to make sure that prospective foreign language teachers recognize the importance of the material offered to them for mastering for their future professional development. At the third level, prospective foreign language teachers must be clearly aware that the success of their learning also depends on the right strategies. The fourth level is closely related to the sincere interest of prospective professionals in acquiring professional qualities. At the fifth level, it is essential to take care of students, to take into account the environmental factors that may affect the level of their professional development. It is concluded that in the focus of professional competence development of prospective foreign language teachers it is vital to create such an environment that would promote friendly relations between prospective professionals and the faculty staff, as it will have a positive effect on the quality of training of prospective foreign language teachers.
Virtual teaching in times of pandemic: Study in public universities of Peru

The new normality product of COVID-19, leads to the virtualization of pedagogical processes, which are supported by academic platforms as a critical factor for the operation of educational institutions. This research analyzes the virtual teaching modality in a Public University of Peru, considering the fulfillment of the capacities of virtual teaching for the School of Electronic Engineering at the National University Jose Faustino Sanchez Carrion, Lima, Peru. The study group is represented by a random stratified sample made up of 220 students enrolled in the academic period 2020 - I. It was a quantitative, non-experimental descriptive, ex-post facto study. An online questionnaire was designed and validated to collect data on virtual teaching capabilities. The results show a significantly positive relationship between virtual teaching skills and student performance. It is concluded that although the students allege problems of virtual teaching, it always contributes to the success of the students' learning. The university's teacher training processes with respect to digital tools should be strengthened and permanent consultancies for the stakeholders involved should be carried out. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Semi-automatic discourse annotation in a low-resource language: Developing a connective lexicon for Nigerian Pidgin

Cross-linguistic research on discourse structure and coherence marking requires discourse-annotated corpora and connective lexicons in a large number of languages.However, the availability of such resources is limited, especially for languages for which linguistic resources are scarce in general, such as Nigerian Pidgin.In this study, we demonstrate how a semi-automatic approach can be used to source connectives and their relation senses and develop a discourse-annotated corpus in a low-resource language.Connectives and their relation senses were extracted from a parallel corpus combining automatic (PDTB end-to-end parser) and manual annotations.This resulted in Naija-Lex, a lexicon of discourse connectives in Nigerian Pidgin with English translations.The lexicon shows that the majority of Nigerian Pidgin connectives are borrowed from its English lexifier, but that there are also some connectives that are unique to Nigerian Pidgin.