Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
A new method for analysing eye-tracking measurement data

When it comes to the function of photography in graphic communication, we should be aware of many different aspects of the medium. The standard criterion for a correct and successful photograph should always be its technical and artistic aspect. If something is not right, for example, if the exposure or composition are not correct, a photo should not be used for professional purposes. The third aspect is the content or meaning, where final decisions are usually made. With this in mind, editors are usually presented with photos from which they must select those to be used in a final publication. Since most editorial decisions are made on the basis of content or meaning, which is usually described as communication value, some decisions also involve technical aspects, such as whether it is better to use a slightly underexposed or slightly out-of-focus photo. In these cases, the standard criteria changes because the shooting conditions did not allow the photographer to take a technically correct photo, but the content or meaning is too important not to be published. The research focuses on measuring how the way people see different photos changes when they are not technically perfect. Using eye-tracking technology, where we can measure where a person is looking and for how long, we can get an accurate idea of what that person is seeing and the way their eyes move. This type of measurement is actually not a problem and has been successfully used in many research studies. The main question to be answered in this study was how the nature of image perception changes when the image is distorted in some way. Therefore, a new method for analysing eye-tracking data was developed. The results show that eye-tracking can be used to determine how technical aspects of photography affect the way we look at it. The final judgement that the method works was made by comparing the data with data gathered with subjective tests in which observers had to choose between different distorted images and decide which is more acceptable. The correlation between the results of new method and a subjective testing is very strong.
Paragraph development in scientific and technical writing

A paragraph is a grouping of sentences, a way of carving them up into connected sets so as to reduce the diversity of their thoughts to manageable proportions. Normally readers will expect a paragraph to have a single focus and one role since it is defined as a group of sentences developing a single idea, concept, thought, and topic. Overlong paragraphs, with too many sentences in them, have numerous drawbacks. The text becomes under organized and difficult to follow. However, paragraphs should not be too short. If paragraphs are reduced to just one or two sentences, then they cease to have this organizing rationale and become heteronymous cogs, turning as the argument progresses but not doing any useful work. For English-speaking readers, short paragraphs in technical writing will also make the text look disconnected, fragmented, and uncertain. A paragraph's pattern is important in making an argument look coherent and well organized because it is a unit of thought. In general, a paragraph should make one point, or one component part of a single broader point. Where a paragraph handles miscellaneous unconnected points, as it is sometimes necessary to round out an argument, this role should be explicitly signaled to readers because they will not expect it. The relationship between the ideas in an EST (English for Science and Technology) paragraph and between the items of information and the core generalization is expressed by several techniques. Sometimes the nature of the material the writer has available determines the applied technique, but at other times, the writer makes his own decisions as to the best way of presenting the relationships between his ideas. In the first case, we are dealing with natural techniques, and in the second, with logical techniques, and they are not mutually exclusive.
Creating a 2D animated short film with sound and image synchronisation

Animation is a method, in which still images create the illusion of movement on the screen. We manipulate the viewer with fast-moving pictures to make them look as if they can move. This article intends to make a 2D animated film based on a screenplay template with synchronized sound. In the article, we had to provide different Software: Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Animate, Adobe After Effects, Adobe Premier Pro, Reaper (Digital Audio Workstation), and Sketchbook. In addition to the software and, of course, the computer, we also used a graphics tablet, a microphone, and a sound card During writing the article, we get to know the workflow of the creation of animation, from the design to the final product. We tested ourselves in the role of all important members of production houses to get the most realistic insight into the creation of such a project. The final product of the article is a short cartoon with a synchronization of speech and sound.
A Secure Medical Image Transmission System Based On 2D Logistic Map and Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Mechanisms

With the tremendous growth of searchable visual media, the content-based medical image retrieval and computer-aided diagnosis systems have become popular in recent years to improve knowledge and provide facilities for radiologists. Medical images transferred throughout public networks demand a mechanism that guarantees image privacy, ownership and source of origin reliability, and image integrity verification. For this reason, secure image retrieval and diagnosis scheme have been given considerable interest due to users’ security concerns. This work proposed a secure framework based on a two-dimensional (2D) chaotic map with Diffie–Hellman key exchange protocols to ensure patient information privacy and security. Consequently, from a security and protection perspective, the objective is to provide a privacy procedure for medical image retrieval systems through image encryption technique combined with a secure key exchange procedure to minimize the possibility of secret key interception by an unauthorized person. Simulation results and security analysis show that the suggested technique could protect images with minimal time complexity and a high level of security while also resisting numerous attacks.
HiJoNLP at SemEval-2022 Task 2: Detecting Idiomaticity of Multiword Expressions using Multilingual Pretrained Language Models

This paper describes an approach to detect idiomaticity only from the contextualized representation of a MWE over multilingual pretrained language models. Our experiments find that larger models are usually more effective in idiomaticity detection. However, using a higher layer of the model may not guarantee a better performance. In multilingual scenarios, the convergence of different languages are not consistent and rich-resource languages have big advantages over other languages.
Context Clues in Reading Text for Improving EFL Students’ Reading Skills

This research was purposed to describe the use of context clues in order to help students in improving their reading skills. There were still some difficulties in reading skill experienced by the students. The students at higher education have difficulties in reading comprehension because they have no motivation in reading habit; they read a little or nothing. Other students’ difficulties in reading comprehension were the low reading skill. However, it is known that reading and vocabulary are related to each others, so that the use of context clues is related to vocabulary. But it is also known that context clue also used in the sentence structures and the position of the main idea of the text. It can be concluded that the use of context clue can help students, either in secondary school or in higher education, to develop their practicing reading skill.
Influence of Team Information Sharing on Collaborative Value Within Ashoka Fellows' Organizations in Africa

Purpose: The study sought to determine the influence of team information sharing on collaborative value within Ashoka Fellows' Organizations in Africa&#x0D; Methodology: The study applied pragmatism philosophy to offer several ways to bridge dichotomies in mixed methods approaches to social science. Explanatory sequential mixed-method research design consisting of two distinct phases, namely quantitative and qualitative, was adopted. Both qualitative and quantitative study methods were adopted. In the quantitative study, the target population constituted all the 154 Ashoka Fellows' Organizations working in 19 countries in Africa. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered online to the founders (Ashoka Fellows) or the Ashoka Fellows' Organizations' CEOs. One hundred responded by filling out the questionnaire, which translated to a 64.9% response rate. Additionally, qualitative data applied purposive sampling and selected six Ashoka regional team leaders in Africa for in-depth interviews. They all were available for the interviews translating to a 100% response rate. Data analysis techniques combined descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Package for Social Sciences and SmartPLS 3 software were used to analyze the collected data.&#x0D; Findings: Results revealed that the results confirm that team information sharing significantly influences collaborative value within Ashoka Fellows’ Organizations in Africa. Team Information Sharing has a significant influence on collaborative value witn an R2 = 0.300, chi-square X2 (10, N=100) = 63.010, p&lt;.05, SRMR=0.088, Rms-theta=0.224 and NFI=0.805. The null hypothesis was rejected.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that Team members should ensure the team's information exchange is of good quality as the quality of information sharing that develops collaboration must go beyond necessary factual information to a point where team members can transfer their unique understanding. Also, team members should be willing to share information and engage in sequences of interpretation sharing to build on each other's interpretations and collectively make sense. Teams should embrace timely information sharing, which is critical for collaborative value and the use of technology. To ensure quality and timeliness of information shared, teams should consider both investments in information systems as sharing appropriate information allows the linkage of internal and external knowledge sources by facilitating information flow and providing effective data retrieval mechanisms&#x0D;
THE APPLICATION OF ACMEOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER TRAINING IN THE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article deals with the expediency of the application of acmeological technologies in the process of future foreign language teacher training in the institutions of higher education. The topicality of our research is predetermined by dynamic paradigmatic transformations in the process of step-by-step development of Ukrainian foreign language education during the implementation of the New Ukrainian School reform. We analyzed the essence of acmeological approach, the application of which is aimed at creating full-fledged conditions for effective professional development and self-development of the personality of a future professional. The acmeological technologies, which were implemented during an experimental study, have been characterized. The expediency of their application was studied by means of experiment‚ the participants of which were 2 lecturers and 29 second-year students of the first (Bachelorʼs) level of higher education of the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University. It has been proven that the applied acmeological technologies contribute to increasing the effectiveness of foreign language acquisition at a given stage of education. We also analyzed the academic performance of students before and after the experiment within each group. There was an increase in the percentage of students mastering the language at a sufficient level. After the experiment the sufficient level in group No. 1 was 54% (before the experiment – 39%)‚ group No. 2 – 40% (before the experiment – 34%). The prospects for further scientific research in the chosen field may be observed in the study of the application of acmeological technologies in foreign language teaching methodology classes, which will enable the logical continuation of our research.&#x0D; Keywords: acmeology; acmeological technologies; gaming technologies; project technologies;technologies of using multimedia tools; training of future teachers; English; German.
UNITY OF PEDAGOGICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE AS A SCHOLARLY PROBLEM: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The article deals with the problem of unity and interconnectedness of theory and practice, analyzed from a historical perspective, namely using the insights obtained from J. Dewey’s pragmatic theory, W. Kilpatrick’s Project Method, H. Parkhurst’s Dalton Plan, the laboratory-brigade learning method, and the connection of general education with polytechnic and labor training. It is emphasized that the unity of theoretical and practical components of pedagogical process excludes the question about one of them dominating over the other, or them existing independently. What is, however, of extreme importance in this context, is a strong connection, balance and optimal ratio of both components. The principle of cohesive, fundamental and continuous learning serves as a basis for ensuring unity of pedagogical theory and practice.It is noted that unity of theory and practice is one of the guiding principles in terms of organizing the educational process within the New Ukrainian School. To this end, the methods, systems and technologies which prioritize student selfrealization (such as the flipped classroom, the project method, the case method, the vignette plan, the Dalton Plan etc) have become increasingly more important. In this context, the article underlines the value of high-quality teacher training courses, namely by offering recommendations for increasing their effectiveness: in terms of increasing teacher professionalism, general culture and pedagogical skills within higher educational establishments; in terms of developing new and revising the existing educational and professional programs of Bachelor and Master studies; in terms of updating and perfecting the mechanisms of providing quality educational services.
Probabilistic Forecasting with Generative Networks via Scoring Rule Minimization

Probabilistic forecasting relies on past observations to provide a probability distribution for a future outcome, which is often evaluated against the realization using a scoring rule. Here, we perform probabilistic forecasting with generative neural networks, which parametrize distributions on high-dimensional spaces by transforming draws from a latent variable. Generative networks are typically trained in an adversarial framework. In contrast, we propose to train generative networks to minimize a predictive-sequential (or prequential) scoring rule on a recorded temporal sequence of the phenomenon of interest, which is appealing as it corresponds to the way forecasting systems are routinely evaluated. Adversarial-free minimization is possible for some scoring rules; hence, our framework avoids the cumbersome hyperparameter tuning and uncertainty underestimation due to unstable adversarial training, thus unlocking reliable use of generative networks in probabilistic forecasting. Further, we prove consistency of the minimizer of our objective with dependent data, while adversarial training assumes independence. We perform simulation studies on two chaotic dynamical models and a benchmark data set of global weather observations; for this last example, we define scoring rules for spatial data by drawing from the relevant literature. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art adversarial approaches, especially in probabilistic calibration, while requiring less hyperparameter tuning.
Understanding Long Programming Languages with Structure-Aware Sparse Attention

Programming-based Pre-trained Language Models (PPLMs) such as CodeBERT have achieved great success in many downstream code-related tasks. Since the memory and computational complexity of self-attention in the Transformer grow quadratically with the sequence length, PPLMs typically limit the code length to 512. However, codes in real-world applications are generally long, such as code searches, which cannot be processed efficiently by existing PPLMs. To solve this problem, in this paper, we present SASA, a Structure-Aware Sparse Attention mechanism, which reduces the complexity and improves performance for long code understanding tasks. The key components in SASA are top-$k$ sparse attention and Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)-based structure-aware attention. With top-$k$ sparse attention, the most crucial attention relation can be obtained with a lower computational cost. As the code structure represents the logic of the code statements, which is a complement to the code sequence characteristics, we further introduce AST structures into attention. Extensive experiments on CodeXGLUE tasks show that SASA achieves better performance than the competing baselines.
An interactive philosophical vision for textbook design to increase information value

This research aims to improve the visual design of information in primary school education by improving the structural and graphic design of the textbook through paper engineering of pop up interactive book based teaching material. The goal of the research is also to find a solution for textbook design that combines the benefits of an electronic book and an ordinary book by displaying images in three dimensions and content in an interactive manner to simplify and facilitate the information. The difficulty for primary school students to understand some curricula through ordinary textbooks is a research problem. In this study, we used a field study with a focus group discussion to achieve our goal, and we chose an informal ordinary book as the primary source, its title (into the crater of doom) and transforming its structure design into a pop-up book to present to primary school students and get their feedback on the method to design the pop-up book to use as an aid means of simplifying information for students, interacting with the book, and presenting the information in an interesting manner. The results of a discussion group with 33 primary school teachers divided into three groups revealed that 92% of them agreed that the design of the ordinary textbook should be updated. By presenting the researcher's pop-up book, all of them prefer to use the pop-up book as an aid in improving students' cognitive and intellectual skills. Furthermore, the results of the discussion groups with the students, a total of 35 students divided into three groups, revealed that all of them preferred to use the pop-up book in all textbooks, particularly science and social studies for 4th grade primary students. As well as making recommendations to the Ministry of Education on their performance regarding the positive impact on students of using pop-up books designed by the researcher as an aid means to students in schools and homes.
Near field communication (NFC) technology in the packaging industry

Packaging that supports NFC technology is generally designed to be reusable, thus by reducing the environmental impact of packaging, consumers and businesses are presented with more opportunities to be more sustainable. The important thing here is that a company can be creative and add information about a product or company without a significant financial investment. For example, if a customer is interested in a product on the shelf, they can be granted information about the origin of the product or links to provide some feedback on social networks. Furthermore, sales can be promoted by offering the customer a discount, coupon, or added value to the buyer. NFC technology can offer many benefits when used with packaging, ranging from interactivity to product security validation. NFC labels have unique identifiers that can be embedded in packaging to make consumers more interactive, secure, and more efficient in tracking, allowing packaging companies to offer better customer service and product safety. The aim of this work is to perform a comprehensive literature review of the application possibilities of NFC technology and develop a methodology for the application of NFC technology to promote product sales efficiency.
Electronic educational resources: realities of the modern educational environment

The modern educational process must take into account the trends in the development of science and technology, as well as the demands of society for the quality of educational services. Targeted use of electronic educational resources in the modern educational process is considered as one of the sufficiently effective methods. In the study, an analysis of regulatory and legal support for the use of electronic educational resources was carried out. The conducted analysis demonstrated that the formation of a digital model of education has begun in Ukraine, which is gradually replacing the traditional one. The use of theoretical methods in the work, including the analysis and generalization of the research subject, made it possible to identify possible ways to solve problems, the use of electronic educational resources in the educational process in educational institutions. It was established that during the use of electronic educational resources, the educational environment creates new products, services, processes, improves the organizational structure and management system. Taking into account the characteristics of electronic educational resources, the universality and productivity of modern electronic educational resources have been updated.
Organizational and pedagogical Model of the Development of Digital Competence of School Principal

In the conditions of fundamental socio-cultural reforms and radical modernization of the concept of social development, first of all, the requirements for the personality of a new type of school principal are increasing. The meaning of management is that the school principal plays a huge role in the efficiency of the team, and its ability to respond to "external challenges". Therefore, modern principals of educational institutions must possess several general and professional competencies, skills in strategic planning, system modeling, and the organization of effective interpersonal and professional communications among the teaching staff. One of the important ones is the information and digital competence of the school principal.&#x0D; Based on taking into account the specifics of the development of the digital competence of the school principal, we have developed an organizational and pedagogical model, which contains tasks for the development of its components and provides for several approaches, principles, and provisions that allow establishing the educational process from a didactic point of view.