Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Scientific Rationality in the Language of Systems-communications Theory

The problem of the “experimenter’s regress” is widely discussed in the modern philosophy of science [Collins 1985]. However, it allows generalization and can be presented as a theoretical-cognitive paradox, as a philosophical-linguistic problem of reference and as a problem of philosophy of consciousness. The reli­ability of the functioning of “reality detectors” of any kind (devices, sensual abilities, theories, language statements or mental acts) is confirmed empiri­cally if they discover new objects and adequately describe their characteristics (in the format of measurement data, sensual qualities, scientific facts, referents of words and concepts). The properties of the observed reality discovered with their help, obviously, act as a rational criterion for the choice of observational in­struments or “reality detectors”. But after all, the criterion of rational selection (evaluation, recognition) of the results of observation from the array of all re­ceived data is the application of the best (more powerful, effective, reliable, and receptive) detectors of reality. This paradox of self-referral is also applicable to researchers themselves: the reputation of a scientist acts as a criterion for the se­lection of his research results (including acceptance of his publications in leading editions, etc.), and the research results obtained obviously determine his reputa­tion. Based on the systemic-communicative approach, the authors argue that sci­entific rationality does not contradict, but is based on the self-referential charac­ter of scientific communication.
SOCIO-CULTURAL COMPONENT OF SECULAR AND ORTHODOX ASPECTS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURY

The purpose of the article is to analyze the socio-cultural activi-ties of the Russian public and the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) in the field of public education in the Russian Empire in 1890-1917. The author considers popular education in the context of knowledge and education extension among the Russian population. The activities of secular and Orthodox periodicals, popular publishing houses are given. The libraries of primary schools, primarily parish and rural schools, as well as monastic book and manuscript collections are studied. The author proves that the public, local self-government bodies and the Russian Orthodox Church are the main actors of public educa-tion. Special attention is paid to the Yaroslavl Diocese, as one of the typical ones in the Russian Orthodox Church, and its contribution to the socio-cultural component of public educa-tion in Volga Region. A quantitative and meaningful analysis of the socio-cultural activities of the Yaroslavl Diocese in the field of librarianship and the development of the Central Library is given. As a result, the author concludes that at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Russian society, secular and spiritual persons made great efforts to spread knowledge and education among the population of the Em-pire through the development of publishing and library busi-ness, central schools and zemstvo schools, secular and Orthodox periodicals, cinematography and public readings. (The study is funded by the grant No. 22-28-01231 from the Russian Science Foundation, https://rscf.ru/project/22-28-01231/).
PulseOblivion: An Effective Session-Based Continuous Authentication Scheme Using PPG Signals

In this paper, we propose a novel session-based continuous authentication model using photoplethysmography (PPG). Unlike previous PPG-based authentication techniques that generate user signatures only during the initial interaction, our session-based approach tackles inter session PPG drifting by generating a user signature at the start of each session. Our model is composed by two modules: Firstly, heavy deep autoencoders (AE) are utilized for feature extraction and, secondly, a lightweight Local Outlier Factor (LOF) is employed for user authentication. Additionally, we introduce a continuous updating system for the LOF model, which automatically recovers from security breaches and can enhance authentication accuracy by more than 9%. Our experiments show that in a single-session scenario, our model achieves authentication accuracies of 93.5% and 91.8% on the CapnoBase and BIMDC benchmarking datasets, respectively, outperforming the state-of-the-art baseline model by 3.2% and 1.6% on both datasets, respectively. In multiple-session scenarios, our scheme attains an authentication accuracy of 95% when tested on the BioSec2 dataset, effectively mitigating inter-session PPG drifting and achieving an advantage of more than 8.5% in authentication accuracy over the state-of-the-art method. In terms of execution speed, our solution is seven times faster at runtime compared to competing state-of-the-art solutions.
Improved Uncertainty Quantification for Neural Networks With Bayesian Last Layer

Uncertainty quantification is an important task in machine learning - a task in which standard neural networks (NNs) have traditionally not excelled. This can be a limitation for safety-critical applications, where uncertainty-aware methods like Gaussian processes or Bayesian linear regression are often preferred. Bayesian neural networks are an approach to address this limitation. They assume probability distributions for all parameters and yield distributed predictions. However, training and inference are typically intractable and approximations must be employed. A promising approximation is NNs with Bayesian last layer (BLL). They assume distributed weights only in the linear output layer and yield a normally distributed prediction. To approximate the intractable Bayesian neural network, point estimates of the distributed weights in all but the last layer should be obtained by maximizing the marginal likelihood. This has previously been challenging, as the marginal likelihood is expensive to evaluate in this setting. We present a reformulation of the log-marginal likelihood of a NN with BLL which allows for efficient training using backpropagation. Furthermore, we address the challenge of uncertainty quantification for extrapolation points. We provide a metric to quantify the degree of extrapolation and derive a method to improve the uncertainty quantification for these points. Our methods are derived for the multivariate case and demonstrated in a simulation study. In comparison to Bayesian linear regression with fixed features, and a Bayesian neural network trained with variational inference, our proposed method achieves the highest log-predictive density on test data.
The Raman Fingerprints of Quartz, Albite and Calcite

Here we consider a processing method for Raman spectra, suitable to determine the positions of the peaks and their shoulders. This processing is based on the behavior of the first derivative. It can be used as a preprocessing method for a further fitting of the spectrum by means of Tsallis q-Gaussian functions (Sparavigna, 2023). The spectra considered are those of Quartz, Albite and Calcite from RRUFF database.
Cartographic materials on the history of Kazakhstan of the XVII–early XX centuries: consolidated catalog

The article is devoted to the analysis, cataloging of cartographic material of the consolidated catalog of “old” maps on the history of Kazakhstan in the XVII–early XX centuries. The funds for storage of cartographic materials in archives and libraries of Moscow and Orenburg are characterized. The functional values of the developed consolidated catalog of “old” maps have been substantiated. The consolidated catalog of cartographic materials can be considered as a kind of “guide” for potential users, with the help of which the user can get answers to the following questions: What archives, libraries, museums have the necessary cartographic material for the user and view cartographic bibliographies of “old” maps on the history of Kazakhstan. Based on the intermediate result of the research, a consolidated catalog of cartographic materials was prepared, comprising 282 cartographic sources of the XVII–early XX centuries on the history of Kazakhstan, which are of high scientific and social significance. Most of the cartographic materials on the early period of the history of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the XVII century are mainly of foreign origin. To fill with additional possibilities, the consolidated catalog of “old” maps for potential readers is enriched with photo files of cartographic materials accompanying the cartobibliographic record of “old” maps from the consolidated catalog. The identified cartographic materials are subjected to source analysis, assessment, and description. It has been established that cartographic materials on the history of Kazakhstan in the XVII–early XX centuries should not be studied in isolation but as part of the cartography of a certain era in all its interconnections and interdepend encies with the development of related areas of knowledge (history, geography, geodesy, etc.)
A Study on Change of Fiscal Structure in Private Universities since a Half-tuition Policy for Universities in Korea

The purpose of this study is to examine financial change of revenue and expenditure in private universities in Korea since the half-tuition policy for universities. For this, the study utilized the settlement of accounts over the last 10 years (2011-2020) on a public website of university finance provided by the Korea Advancing Schools Foundation. The main findings are as follows. First, the total amount of incomings and outgoings has slightly increased from 2011 to 2014, and then has decreased by a small margin to 2020. An average of 4.5 billion per university increased from 2011 to 2020. Looking at school size and location, large universities with more than ten thousand students in the national capital region saw the biggest increase of the total sum of incomes. In contrast, middle-size universities did the biggest decrease in the same region during the same period. Second, total revenues from tuition, the unused sum brought over from the last account has decreased. Especially, middle-size universities in metropolitan cities showed the largest decrease by 12.7%p. Income from government subsidy from Ministry of Education, however, has drastically increased at universities in metropolitan cities regardless the school size. Third, over the last 10 years, a 5%p increase occurred in faculty expenses and 9.9%p increase did in scholarship from out-of-school. Especially, the largest increase of faculty expenses occurred at small size universities in metropolitan region. In addition, out-of-school scholarship expenditure has increased by a big margin in all of universities, especially, at middle-size ones regardless of regions. In contrast, tangible fixed asset purchase has decreased by 5.6%p, as showed in all of universities. Based on these findings, this study suggested that an reasonable increase of tuition with a social consensus and law of financial grants for university should be made to secure stable finance of private universities and further improve quality of higher education services.
A Study on the Conceptual Model of Performance Management in the Comprehensive Teachers’ Training University: Focusing on K university

The purpose of this study was to explore the conceptual model of performance management at the general teacher training university. In order to achieve the research purpose, K University, a comprehensive teacher training university, was used as the subject of the study, and literature related to K University's characteristics and performance management was analyzed. Through this, the characteristics of K University were identified and the concept of performance management of K University was derived based on the analysis of the performance management status of K University. The performance management of the university was defined as "a series of processes that induce university growth by analyzing and evaluating the overall behavior and process systematically established to achieve the intended results in education, research, training, university management (operation, finance, environment), regional contribution, and graduate school". Based on this, the higher dimension of the performance management model of the general teacher training university was proposed by devising the components of the performance management concept model as 'vision', 'mission', and 'view'.
An Analysis of Busan Innovation Education District in Collaborative Governance Perspective

This study analyzed the process of establishing public-private-school governance in the Da-Haengbok Education District, an innovation education district in Busan. By applying the collaborative governance model of Ansell &amp; Gash, the starting conditions, institutional design, facilitative leadership, and collaborative process of the Da-Haengbok Education District project were analyzed step by step. As a result of the analysis, the Da-Haengbok Education District constituted most of the factors suggested by the cooperative governance model. In spite of the starting conditions such as the imbalance of capacity between administrative districts and the private sector, stable public-private-school governance was established by encouraging the participation of each member on the principle of cooperation and agreement. In order to overcome the starting conditions, a strategy was operated to actively induce the participation of the private sector in governance and formalize common responsibilities and authorities through agreements with local governments. Based on face-to-face conversation, initial distrust was overcome and trust was formed. The project was carried out by limiting regional leadership and focusing on district-level facilitating leadership. Understanding was shared through sharing of various achievements and networks, and a virtuous cycle structure was able to be formed that strengthened trust and commitment.
An Analysis on the Perceptions of Educational Subjects on the Lack of freshmen in Incheon Specialized High Schools

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of educational subjects regarding the issue of a decline in the number of freshmen in Incheon Specialized High Schools, which has recently emerged as a major concern. Six specialized high schools in Incheon were selected for the research, and with the cooperation of the schools, teachers, students, and parents from the schools were selected as research participants and interviewed. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the educational subjects were generally aware of the shortage of new students in specialized high schools. Second, they identified a reluctance to enroll in specialized high schools and the lack of guidance in middle school as the reasons for the lack of freshmen. Third, the educational subjects employed strategies such as reorganizing the departments and strengthening promoting activities to address the problem. Considering the growing emphasis on strengthening local education autonomy, this study provides a significant foundation for exploring policy measures at the education office level to resolve the shortage of new students in specialized high schools in the future.
Exploration of distance instruction types and operation plans based on teacher and learner needs analysis for universities by stage of COVID-19 spread

This study tried to explore the types of distance instruction and operation plans based on the experiences and demands of instructors and learners about distance instruction that were attempted in the disaster situation of COVID-19. Therefore, this study divided the COVID-19 response situation into three stages and analyzed the experiences and needs of instructors and learners. To conduct this study, 165 instructors and 986 learners responded to the survey, and 3 instructors and 3 learners participated in the interview. As a result of the study, in the satisfaction of distance instruction in response to COVID-19, the satisfaction of instructors and learners was found to be statistically significantly different in 'understanding of learning content', 'reduction in learning volume', 'repetitive learning', and 'improvement of self-directed learning competency'. appear. In the video content utilization class, instructors responded that ‘lecture + quiz/learning activity assignments are provided’, but learners tended to perceive it as ‘lecture-type class’. Also, according to the subject type (theory/experimental practice/integration), lecture-centered classes were commonly presented as the teaching methods expected by instructors and learners in real-time ZOOM classes. In addition, a result of the survey and interview analysis of instructors and learners, six types of distance instruction were derived for each stage of COVID-19 spread. Expert validation was conducted twice for the result of deriving the distance instruction type, and the final distance instruction type and operation plan were presented. In short, this study suggests that there is a need to convert the existing face-to-face class method to a new distance instructional system from the demands of instructors and learners for distance instruction using non-face-to-face methods.
An Analysis on the Zone of Acceptance and Participation Level of Elementary School Teachers in School Decision-Making

The purpose of this study is to explore the development directions for effective school decision-making by analyzing the zone of acceptance and participation level of elementary school teachers in school decision-making. The main results are as follows. In the results of the zone of acceptance, most of the school decision-making contents were found to be located outside or marginal(high relevance) of the zone of acceptance that requires participation expanding. In addition, the decision-making contents located outside of the zone of acceptance can be recognized not only at the every school level but also at the small group level such as same grade year or subject, whereas the decision-making contents located inside of the zone of acceptance are mainly discussed to the every school level. In the results of participation level, teacher participation in decision-making was mainly classified into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 4, and Type 8. In the results of comparison with the zone of acceptance and participation level, it was found that the participation level was made in accordance with the normative direction of participation according to the zone of acceptance for some decision-making contents. However, most of the other decision-making contents were found to be located outside or marginal(high relevance) of the zone of acceptance requiring participation expanding, but the participation level can not reach to the zone of acceptance as a decisional deprivation. Combining the above results, this study derive development directions for effective teacher participation in school decision-making. First, policy support is needed to activate teachers' opinions and influence beyond decision-making participation which was centered on providing opportunities for participation. Second, by subdividing the size or scope of school decision-making contents into the small groups, teachers' approach and immersion to school decision-making should be improved. Third, school needs to establish institutional arrangements or change the school organizational culture to allow school decision-making to be delegated to small groups, in other words on a team level.
A Review of Qualitative Research in Educational Leadership

The purpose of this study is to analyze methodological challenges and offer recommendations for the qualitative research of educational leadership. In order to achieve the goals, the study identified 16 research of educational leadership published in Korean Journal of Educational Administration between 2000 and 2021. The author applied analytical standards for conducting systemic review. Data were analyzed and evaluated according to an analytical standard. From the findings of this study are as follows: Theres was a strong tendency to preponder case study overwhelmingly. The study identified the disparities among the research in educational leadership. Also, the problem of repeating the same error in the research method was identified. The author discusses recommendations for overcoming the challenges of the qualitative research of educational leadership.
Prospects for Changing the role of Elementary School Principals in the Future Society

The purpose of this study is to take a new perspective on the role of elementary school principals according to future social changes at a time when the transition to the future society is rapidly taking place in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. To this end, previous studies on changes in the existing future education and future school education were analyzed, and based on this, the role change of the future elementary school and the role change of the elementary school principal were predicted. As a result of the study, it is predicted that the future society will be transformed into a society where innovation is accelerated, social fluctuations are large, and countries are more closely connected, and humanity and values are more important than now, based on the rapid development of science and technology. In addition, the school system, school functions, educational contents and methods, and school members are expected to change significantly in the future society, and elementary schools also have a complex platform, vitalization of local communities, application of individually customized curriculum and methods, and diversification of school members. change was expected. According to these future changes, the role of the elementary school principal as a community builder, network creator, educational designer, school consultant, and supportive leader will be more emphasized in addition to the existing role. Based on the research results, it was suggested to study in detail the competencies needed to fulfill the role of future elementary school principals.
Analysis on the Income Level of College Freshmen who Entered Through Comprehensive School Card College Admission System

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the 'Comprehensive Admission by School Performance Records' works as an admission system for extending the educational opportunities of students from low-income families or not, and to analyze how well the ‘College Scholastic Ability Test(CSAT)’ estimates students' own efforts and abilities. For this, we compared the levels of family income of the students entered through the 'Comprehensive Admission by School Performance Records', except for those entered through the admission process for the lower-class opportunity expansion', and the students entered through the 'CSAT-centered Admission System'. We also reexamined several factors affecting the CSAT and the CSAT-centered Admission System. Findings showed the following two points; First, the 'Comprehensive Admission by School Performance Records' was not more favorable to the students from low-income families in getting college admission, compared with those from high-income families. Especially, at major three universities located in Seoul city, no difference between the students entered through the 'Comprehensive Admission by School Performance Records' and those entered through the 'CSAT-centered Admission System' was found in their family-income levels. Second, when the variable of parents' education level affecting students' academic achievement is included, the influence of family incomes over students' CSAT scores disappeared. Moreover, the hours that students spent for private-tutoring hardly affected their CSAT scores. Instead of it, students' personal study time more affected their CSAT scores. Therefore, we found that the 'CSAT-centered Admission System', rather than the 'Comprehensive Admission by School Performance Records', could be the selection criterion where students' own efforts and abilities could be more accurately evaluated.