Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Library Card: Rights and Opportunities of Library Users in the United States

Getting acquainted with the experience of library and information services in foreign libraries is an important component of professional development. Organization of library activities in libraries of the United States, introduction and use of advanced innovative technologies in all areas of their work is of particular interest to specialists. User access to library resources and services is provided through library card in its usual physical form and its electronic and biometric counterparts. If we call library a “door to knowledge,” then library card seems to be a “key” to this door. The article considers the experience of registering new readers, regulation of user access to library resources in US public libraries, the opportunities that open up to holders of library card; the risks that libraries are exposed to in the event of unauthorized use of library card. The author emphasizes that presence of a library card is not mandatory for library visitors, but it provides access to a full range of library and information services. In addition, the holders of library card receive additional privileges. In particular, they have free access to historical and cultural centres, memorials, botanical gardens and museums. The article also discusses the issues of modernization of library cards in modern society and their use in future. The author comes to the conclusion about the continuing evolution of library card, during which not only its appearance changes, but also expands the range of functions performed by it. At the same time, library card continues to preserve its main mission of the “pass to the world of knowledge”.
VSS Made Simpler

Verifiable secret sharing (VSS) allows honest parties to ensure consistency of their shares even if a dealer and/or a subset of parties are corrupt. We focus on perfect VSS, i.e., those providing perfect privacy, correctness and commitment with zero error, in the unconditional (information-theoretic) security setting where no assumption on the computational power of the participants is imposed. Our study is motivated by both practical and theoretical considerations. For the practical side, MPC with perfect security is now being implemented. Multi-cloud storage has been implemented by IBM. Modern users rely on smartphones with limited internet connectivity, limited battery power, etc. We focus on such a user outsourcing her data to multi-clouds with the capability to have these multi-clouds participate on her behalf in MPC protocols. We show that in the case of VSS based on the replicated secret sharing scheme, there is no need for that user to be involved in any interaction. In addition, this scheme has an optimal number of rounds. This construction is derived from Maurer’s VSS based on the replicated secret sharing scheme. A disadvantage of the replicated scheme is that it generally requires a considerable amount of randomness. We address this issue by showing a VSS scheme based on Shamir’s secret sharing, where the dealer does not need any randomness at all.
Three-Dimensional Shape Information Acquisition Using Binocular Stereo Vision for Reflective Steel Plate

Three-dimensional (3-D) shape information acquisition for reflective steel plate is a very difficult challenge. In this work, a measurement framework based on three-step-phase-shifting and binocular stereo vision is proposed to obtain 3D shape measurement for reflective steel plate. In the proposed measurement framework, three-step-phase-shifting method is adopted to obtain the phase. Then, 3D points can be obtained by binocular stereo vision method. To verify the proposed measurement framework, a 3D measurement hardware system is developed, which consists of DLP Lightcrafter 4500 and two USB cameras. For reflective steel plate sample object, experimental results confirmed that the proposed framework could be applied to obtain 3D shape information of the reflective steel plate.
Chinese Temporal Expression Recognition Combining Rules with a Statistical Model

Traditional rule-based methods for recognizing Chinese temporal expressions present a lower recall rate and they cannot recognize the event-type Chinese temporal expressions, thus, we propose a new Chinese temporal expression recognition method through combining rules with a statistical model. Firstly, we divide Chinese temporal expressions into seven categories and use basic time units as the smallest unit of recognition to simplify the complexity of rule-making. Then, we use regular rules to recognize Chinese temporal expressions and label the training data automatically. Meanwhile, we label the event-type temporal expressions that rule-based method cannot recognize. Lastly, we use the labeled training data to learn a Conditional Random Fields model for Chinese temporal expression recognition. Experimental results show that our proposed method significantly reduces the amount of annotation work and effectively improves the recognition performance. The F1 value reaches 88.73%, which is higher than the rule-based method by 6.13%.
A Novel Concise Representation of Frequent Subtrees Based on Density

Frequent subtree mining has wide applications in many fields. However the number of the frequent subtree is often too large because of the extensive redundancy in frequent subtree set, which makes it difficult to be used in practice. In this paper, density of frequent subtree in the lattice induced by frequent subtree set is introduced, then a novel concise representation of frequent subtree called FTCB is proposed, and the corresponding mining algorithm FTCBminer is proposed too. Experimental results show that FTCB keeps more information than MFT and reduces the size of frequent subtree set more efficiently than CFT.
Csound-expression: Haskell framework for computer music

The csound-expression library provides tools for sound design and electronic music composition. It embeds the powerful audio programming language Csound in Haskell, staying as close as possible to pure functional programming. In this paper we show and discuss how functional programming concepts can enhance creativity and reduce the complexity of music creation.
Web-based Visualization and Querying of Food and Beverage Endorsements by Celebrities

This paper explores the development of a web-based dashboard for the exploration of the nature of food and beverage endorsements by celebrities in the United States. While traditional methods of analysis require the translation of user requests to queries in one of the many languages that analysts use, the end user with no formal training in these languages is usually unable to get meaningful information without assistance. In this work, we propose the creation of a web-based dashboard that allows the user to use widgets to submit queries that can be executed on the dataset. To meet the design requirements of visualizing this data, two visual encodings are matched to the dataset under consideration, which illustrate the hierarchical relationships that exist between the various entities, within the confines of limited visual space. Finally, the dashboard concept is extended to a dataset larger than machine RAM using out-of-core processing that allows users to work on such data without resorting to distributed resources.
Dental Pager: Interactive Mobile Application to Enhance Supervision of Dental Colleges Students

Nowadays, technology and mobile applications have become involved in various areas of life. Therefore, the need for applications in areas such as healthcare is significant. A survey was conducted at the College of Dentistry in Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. Survey results of this academic environment show a need for a system to link dental students with supervisors. Current commercially available off-the-shelf applications do not cater for all requirements. This paper proposes a solution that supports the interaction between the supervisor, and the student at the College. However, such a system can be extended to work in other dental colleges within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and beyond.
A Study of State Aliasing in Structured Prediction with RNNs

End-to-end reinforcement learning agents learn a state representation and a policy at the same time. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been trained successfully as reinforcement learning agents in settings like dialogue that require structured prediction. In this paper, we investigate the representations learned by RNN-based agents when trained with both policy gradient and value-based methods. We show through extensive experiments and analysis that, when trained with policy gradient, recurrent neural networks often fail to learn a state representation that leads to an optimal policy in settings where the same action should be taken at different states. To explain this failure, we highlight the problem of state aliasing, which entails conflating two or more distinct states in the representation space. We demonstrate that state aliasing occurs when several states share the same optimal action and the agent is trained via policy gradient. We characterize this phenomenon through experiments on a simple maze setting and a more complex text-based game, and make recommendations for training RNNs with reinforcement learning.
The Learning System about Web Pages

The existence of the Web became commonplace and everyone can send out information. Therefore, the demand for design learning about Web pages is increasing. Using conventional color learning, it is difficult to try various color schemes. Using the conventional CSS learning system, learners could not learn programs thinking their codes. In order to solve the conventional problem, we made intuitive color selection and coloring possible in color learning of this system. Also, in CSS learning, we created a mechanism for learners to choose the correct code from among the choices and program it so that learners can learn programs thinking their codes. As a result of the evaluation experiments, it was appreciated in the comprehensibility of the operation method in color learning and the effectiveness of learning in CSS learning.
Composing Monads for a Musical Performance

Music is a testing challenge for formal information systems.Here we apply the full power of category theory to the challenge, involving the topos for data structuring and the monad for process.The topos handles many aspects of the data for a performance including the score and variants, the orchestral players, the conductor and the supporting infrastructure such as funding bodies.The monad as process controls the adjointness between the functors representing articulation and intonation, based on perceived activity in the brain in professional musicians.We present a musical performance as a categorical composition over time signatures that proceed in successive adjoint steps with the monad looking back and its associated comonad looking forward.The physical complexity of each musical sound operates in its respective time-frame, represented by a limit, as a colimit.The formalism can be implemented in a functional programming language such as Haskell.
An Effective Bacterial Foraging Optimization Based on Conjugation and Novel Step-Size Strategies

Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) is a high-efficient meta-heuristic algorithm that has been widely applied to the real world. Despite outstanding computing ability, BFO algorithms can barely avoid premature convergence in computing difficult problems, which usually leads to inaccurate solutions. To improve the computing efficiency of BFO algorithms, the paper presents an improved BFO algorithm: Conjugated Novel Step-size BFO algorithm (CNS-BFO). It employs a novel step-size evolution strategy to address limitations brought by fixed step size in many BFOs. Also, the improved BFO algorithm adopts Lévy flight strategy proposed in LPBFO and the conjugation strategy proposed in BFO-CC to enhance its computing ability. Furthermore, Experiment on 24 benchmark functions are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed CNS-BFO algorithm. The experiment results suggest that the proposed algorithm can deliver results with better quality and smaller volatility than other meta-heuristics, and hence sufficiently mitigate the limitation of premature convergence facing many meta-heuristics.
Readings of Plurals and Common Ground

This paper asks two questions: (i) In an ambiguous context, what is the interpretation of a sentence like The men wrote musicals? (ii) How can we succinctly characterize the differences between readings that a sentence has in an ambiguous context, versus readings made available in a specialized context, and those available only because of shared knowledge? While these questions have received much attention, e.g. [1, 9–11, 20–24, 26] i.a., the number of readings such a sentence has in an ambiguous context remains controversial, as is the availability of additional readings, and the means by which speakers become attuned to readings in a given context. To answer the first question we conducted an online study where participants evaluated the truth value of sentences designed to test the meaning of those like The men wrote musicals. Results suggest that such sentences get a double cover interpretation (i.e. an interpretation in terms of a relation between sets of individuals, rather than a relation strictly between atomic individuals) in an ambiguous context. We couch these results and the discussion on the availability of other readings in terms of a bipartite Common Ground, where available readings are in the Immediate Common Ground, and other readings can be made available via knowledge in the General Common Ground, thereby answering the second question.
Effective region-based chroma subsampling method for Bayer CFA images

The Bayer color filter array (CFA) pattern is the most widely used CFA pattern in the digital color cameras market. The chroma 4:2:0 subsampling of Bayer CFA images is a necessary process prior to compression. In this paper, based on the CFA block-distortion minimization criterion, we propose an effective region-based chroma 4:2:0 subsampling method for Bayer CFA images. Based on the test Kodak and IMAX datasets, the experimental results demonstrated that in the current high efficiency video coding (HEVC) reference software HM-16.18, our method has substantial quality of the reconstructed images when compared with the existing six chroma subsampling methods.
Development of Carry-On Data Logging Systems to Improve Real Flight Education Program

The real flight education program is a selective education for undergraduate students who aim to take lead roles in aircraft technology or industry. After taking some homework and classroom lectures, selected students experienced four basic and characteristic motions of aircraft on an actual airplane in 2017. In a view of attended students′ opinion, this paper proposes an improved education program employing some data logging systems for the real flight in 2018. As an easier and less expensive method to take flight data, we developed a data logging system combining a single board computer and sensor board. In addition, a voice-oriented communication system was constructed. We also briefly report the results of a trial implementation of the data logging by smartphones.
A Purely Surface-Oriented Approach to Handling Arabic Morphology

In this paper, we introduce a completely lexicalist approach to deal with Arabic morphology. This purely surface-oriented treatment is part of a comprehensive mathematical approach to integrate Arabic syntax and semantics using overt morphological features in the string-to-meaning translation. The basic motivation of our approach is to combine semantic representations with formal descriptions of morphological units. That is, the lexicon is a collection of signs; each sign $$\delta $$ is a triple $$\delta = \langle E, C, M\rangle $$ , such that E is the exponent, C is the combinatorics and M is the meaning of the sign. Here, we are only concerned with the exponents, i.e. the components of a morphosemantic lexicon (for a fragment of Arabic). To remain surface-oriented, we allow for discontinuity in the constituents; constituents are sequences of strings, which can only be concatenated or duplicated, but no rule can delete, add or modify any string. Arabic morphology is very well known for its complexity and richness. The word formation in Arabic poses real challenges because words are derived from roots, which bear the core meaning of their derivatives, formed by inserting vowels and maybe other consonants. The units in the sequences are so-called glued strings rather than only strings. A glued string is a string that has left and right context conditions. Optimally morphs are combined in a definite and non-exceptional linear way, as in many cases in different languages (e.g. plural in English). The process of Arabic word formation is rather complex; it is not just a sequential concatenation of morphs by placing them next to each other. But the constituents are discontinuous. Vowels and more consonants are inserted between, before and after the root consonants resulting in what we call “fractured glued string”, i.e. as a sequence of glued strings combined in diverse ways; forward concatenation, backward concatenation, forward wrapping, reduction, forward transfixation and, going beyond the multi-context free grammars (MCFGs), also reduplication.
Methodological Substantiations of Philosophical and Anthropological Explication of the Phenomenon of Freedom

The main issue the author’s attention is concentrated on is the detection of the main methodological approaches to the analysis of the diversity of freedom types for the purpose of freedom’s philosophical and anthropological explication. A wide range of methodological and theoretical approaches of philosophical anthropology, cultural philosophy and social psychology is applied in the research. In the context of philosophical and anthropological research of the main methodological approaches to the analysis of the phenomenon “freedom” the author considers it to be necessary to differentiate the diversity of freedom types into three main types depending on the area it is applied: freedom to choose, freedom to wish, freedom to act. It is emphasized that in philosophical and anthropological explication the most adequate solution of the problem of freedom essence should cover all its types which are to be added with the investigation of peculiarities of a personality itself as its bearer. That is why the analysis of personalities typologization in accordance with coordination between external freedom and internal freedom. It is concluded that philosophical and anthropological explication is the phenomenon of freedom is its duality, antimony, irreconcilability and ambivalence impeding the possibility of full and exhaustive comprehension of its dialogic and polylogic character represented with the multitude of features. Real freedom displays are conditioned by sociocultural reality, at that real freedom exists when its existence is limited. True freedom discovery doesn’t come to solely its external display but mostly it is a consequence of the ego change at the expense of existence with the help of neantization, life contemplating giving a prospective of recognition and transformation of sense purposes. It performs as an anthropological and sociocultural phenomenon that enables a personality to realize transmission from potential state to realized one at the expense of work as the movement to a contemplated result that requires will and self-determination.
Real-Time Implementation of an Optimized Speech Compression System in STM32F4 Discovery Board

This paper presents an optimization, and a real-time implementation of a wavelet based speech compression system in STM32F4 discovery card. The optimization is done on the one hand by considering a Voice Activity Detection (VAD) to reduce the complexity and on the other hand by using a new quantization approach that codes each sample with fewer bits. The performance of the embedded audio codec is evaluated with a test technique called Processor-in-the-Loop (PIL) and using objective measures that can predict the perceived quality of the signal, namely SNR, PSNR and MSE. The compression efficiency is measured with the compression factor (CR). This research highlights the importance of the proposed optimizations. Indeed, they increase the CR without damaging the voice quality. The practical study shows that the proposed system meets the temporal and material requirements. Voice clarity is assessed with the Mean Opinion Score (MOS).
Joint estimation of the offspring mean and offspring variance of a second order branching process

In this paper, under the assumption that the offspring distributions of lag one and lag two are identical, we discuss the joint estimation of the offspring mean and the offspring variance of a second order branching process. The proposed estimator is shown to be finite sample optimal, if the common offspring distribution is mesokurtic and symmetric. The conditional asymptotic joint normality of the proposed estimator is established using the martingale limit theory.
A novel tone mapping algorithm

Based on the problems of gradient reversal, halo, color cast, etc. in the traditional high dynamic range (HDR) image tone mapping algorithm, this paper proposes a new algorithm based on the iCAM06 algorithm, which introduces the guided filter based on the box filter, adjusts the color adaptive transformation matrix and the HPE primitive. Firstly, in the layering stage of the image, the edge-preserving smoothing characteristics of the guided filter are adopted to process, then the color-adaptive transformation matrix and the HPE primitive in the CIECAM02 color appearance model are modified, and finally the image details are enhanced using the guided filter. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has low complexity and high efficiency, and it overcomes most of the shortcomings of the iCAM06 algorithm. The details and color of the processed image are better, and the objective indicators such as average gradient, variance and entropy prove the effectiveness of the algorithm.
A Fast Chinese Review Generation Method Integrating Theme and Sentiment

For the lack of sentiment constraints and low efficiency for current reviews generation, this paper proposes a retrieval-based Chinese reviews generation method. First, using simhash algorithm to retrieve relevant news from massive news database. Then ordering the correlation of the news machine reviews based on the word vector. Finally, using the Convolutional Neural Network to emotionally classify the reviews to generate final reviews. Experimental results show that this new method can incorporate theme and sentiment constraints in the reviews generation process and achieve higher accuracy. At the same time, the introduction of simhash effectively improves the speed of reviews generation.
A High Efficienct Binary Arithmetic Coder for Lossless Audio Compression

In this paper, the improvement of the cascaded prediction method used in the OLS-NLMS algorithm was presented. Also, the improved adaptive arithmetic coder with short, medium and long-term adaptation was presented and the experiment was carried out comparing the results with other known lossless audio coders against which our method obtained the best result.