Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Search based Software Engineering of Software Metrics, Code Smells and Refactoring Techniques Using Optimization Algorithms

Software refactoring is a technique for reorganising and improving the efficiency of existing software code. By refining the non-functional aspects of software, numerous refactoring methods are currently being employed to build more intelligible and less composite codes. By applying multiple systems to the source code, refactoring can improve code maintainability even further, preserving the behaviour of the code. Refactoring allows for the eradication of bugs and the expansion of the program's capabilities. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of source code with foul odours, the influence on software quality of using certain refactoring methodologies to eradicate the foul smell. Between 2008 and 2010, a total of 76 studies from 42 journals, 20 conferences, and 14 additional sources in the year 2008 and 2022 were available. This study was graded on the number of unpleasant odours identified, refactoring strategies applied, and their impact on software metrics. The foul smells of "method of long," "envious feature “and” class of data" were discovered or corrected in the majority of inquiries. The odour of "envious feature" was detected in 39.66 per cent of nominated investigations. The majority of studies looked at the effects of restructuring on software intricacy and coupling measures. Surprisingly, instead of patented software, the majority of the investigations employed massive opensource datasets released in Java. Finally, this research makes suggestions for further into the refactoring research code.
Influence of Personal Qualities of Studentson the Efficiency of Developing Professional Drawing skills

Problem and purpose. The article actualizes the problem of the influence of the personal qualities of girls studying in the specialty of secondary vocational education “Design” on the effectiveness of mastering professional drawing skills. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of the personal qualities of girls studying in the specialty of secondary vocational education “Design” on the effectiveness of mastering professional drawing skills. Methodology. The work used methods of empirical research of personal qualities: the dominant perceptual modality, types of thinking, the level of creativity, as well as statistical and comparative methods of analysis. Studying the problem of the influence of personal qualities on the efficiency of mastering graphic skills allows solving the problems of developing the creative potential of innate personality inclinations, on the basis of which students master professional skills of visual activity. In the context of secondary vocational education, the study of the influence of students’ personal qualities on the successful mastering of professional skills becomes a decisive factor in solving educational problems of improving professional skills. The results of the study show that the beneficial, educational influence of parents in the family contributes to the development of the creative potential of such personal qualities as: confidence, emotional lability, contact and social activity. These socio-psychological qualities, in combination with the dominant visual-kinesthetic system of sensory perception and the creative potential of imaginative thinking and creativity, serve as the basis for the effective development of professional drawing skills in a professional training environment. Conclusion. In the course of the study, it was found that the formation of personal qualities, studying girls designers, is due to innate inclinations: the dominant visual-kinesthetic system of sensory perception, the creative potential of imaginative thinking and creativity. Favorable, educational influence of parents and positive relationships in the family, contribute to the development of students: confidence, emotional lability, contact and social activity, necessary in the development of professional drawing skills.
Building a Korean morphological analyzer using two Korean BERT models

A morphological analyzer plays an essential role in identifying functional suffixes of Korean words. The analyzer input and output differ from each other in their length and strings, which can be dealt with by an encoder-decoder architecture. We adopt a Transformer architecture, which is an encoder-decoder architecture with self-attention rather than a recurrent connection, to implement a Korean morphological analyzer. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) is one of the most popular pretrained representation models; it can present an encoded sequence of input words, considering contextual information. We initialize both the Transformer encoder and decoder with two types of Korean BERT, one of which is pretrained with a raw corpus, and the other is pretrained with a morphologically analyzed dataset. Therefore, implementing a Korean morphological analyzer based on Transformer is a fine-tuning process with a relatively small corpus. A series of experiments proved that parameter initialization using pretrained models can alleviate the chronic problem of a lack of training data and reduce the time required for training. In addition, we can determine the number of layers required for the encoder and decoder to optimize the performance of a Korean morphological analyzer.
The impact of internal audit on improving the efficiency of the financial performance of government units: a case study on King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah: أثر المراجعة الداخلية في تحسين كفاءة الأداء المالي للوحدات الحكومية – دراسة حالة على جامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجدة –

The study dealt with the impact of internal auditing on improving the efficiency of the financial performance of government units, as applied to King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah. It aimed to know the impact of the independence of the internal auditor on improving the efficiency of financial performance, and to know the impact of the professional competence of the internal auditor on improving the efficiency of financial performance, and to know the impact of the internal organization of the internal audit department on improving the efficiency of the financial performance of government units. To the descriptive survey method for a random sample of the financial and administrative staff at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, where the questionnaire was distributed to the study sample and the results were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The two researchers reached a set of results, the most important of which are the following: The internal auditor's enjoyment of independence, honesty, objectivity and impartiality contributes greatly to improving the efficiency of financial performance, and the internal auditor's enjoyment of ethical values ​​contributes to increasing the efficiency of internal auditing and thus improving the efficiency of financial performance in government units. Accordingly, the two researchers recommended the need for a legal obligation for internal auditors to abide by internal auditing standards and to adhere to the rules of professional conduct because they represent an important cornerstone of internal auditing in government units.
An Appraisal of the Legal Regime of Internet Policing in Nigeria

The emergence of the internet has created so many opportunities, individuals, governments and business are legally availing themselves of the increasing sophistication and utility of the internet.The waves of this innovation have touched all spheres of human life.In spite all this, the cyberspace which is the creator of the internet has come with a number of challenges.It presents a new frontier for criminology by introducing a new form of deviance, crime and social control.Cyberspace is changing the nature and scope of offending and victimization.The police are powerless in addressing the challenges posed by the emergence of the internet, even though there are frantic efforts and measures taken especially by developed countries to arrest this menace through internet policing.In Nigeria, the situation is entirely different.Therefore, the focal point of this paper will unravel is to examine internet policing with particular reference to Nigeria.The paper will further unravel some of the challenges face via internet policing in Nigeria.The methodology to be adopted is doctrinal.The paper will conclude by making recommendation on how Nigeria will utilize internet policing in tackling crime.
Face Mask Detection Technique and Temperature Sensing System Using IOT

The COVID 19 outbreak is wreaking havoc on the world's health. Wearing a face mask in public places and elsewhere is the most effective safety gear. COVID 19 has led governments all around the world to install shutters to prevent the virus from spreading. Wearing a face mask in public settings, according to studies, dramatically minimises the chance of infection. In this study, a machine learning model is used to monitor body temperature and recognize face masks in an intelligent IoT-enabled department. Any shopping mall, hotel, apartment entrance, and so on can employ the proposed approach. As a result, a low-cost and dependable method of using AI and nerves to produce a healthy atmosphere has emerged. The proposed framework was put to the test on the Face. The Massage Acquisition algorithm was created using the Sensor Flow software library. In addition, an unmodified heat sensor is used to monitor the human body temperature. By utilising Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, this proposed programme can get users to COVID 19.
Human Intelligence and Consciousness

From recognition of the unity (similarity) of all types of the matter motions it follows that at the level of a human it manifests in living activities. Logically, that this basic activity of human state of mind and consciousness development should possess some structure, manifesting it. In this connection proposed by the author intelligence organ of each human being, evolutionary appearing and intravitally developing and operating, starts showing fundamental nature of a human and society in common. Thereby it sets general methodological regularity of people daily living activities.
“Egyptian Generation Y” Online Consumption Map and Its Relationship with e-Trust Factors

The growing of new technological innovations, such as web & social media, has brought on changes for the market.The most important contribution of this new technological was the ability of reaching market at any place and at any time.It is also give consumers full access to search and gather information about products online.After COVID-19 pandemic web & social media have become more and more a part of our daily life.The study aimed to investigate Egyptian generation "y" consumption map and via virtual communities " web and social media" sash as "usage of online shopping"," consumed time " customers preferred social networks"," eshopping tools "," the most consumed goods & services" sources of e-trust" and "customers gender " through testing variation and correlation between variable .The study depend on survey method and a mixed-method approach (an electronic questionnaire, a paper questionnaire and phone interviews) was used in collecting the data which consists of responses by 443 respondents aged 25-45 years from Egypt, during December 2021.The quantitative analysis of data showed that most of the Egyptian generation Y have had an experience in online consumption and this is reinforced by the COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing policies , and it also showed that the sources of e-trust can be divided into three groups, 1 st group, with average correlation 0.9 includes self-experience , number of followers and cash on delivery ; 2 nd group, with average correlation 0.8 includes site or account, reputation and review rate;3 ed group, with average correlation 0.65 includes friends experience and Influencer / bloggers/celebrities (endorsement) .Hypotheses test showed that there were a significance relationship between online consumption and customers e-trust towards the business, gender was an effective factor on online consumption but there no significant variations on all e-trust sources elements according to gender.
Geological Origin as the Basis for the Systematics of Deposits

The paper presents the most important concepts related to the origin and systematics of deposits, which undoubtedly include the following definitions: minerals, deposits of ore and metal-ore. The factors determining the economic value of deposits are discussed, dividing them into two most important groups: natural conditions and technical and economic conditions. An important part of the work is to present and discuss the modern classification of deposits, based on the main geological processes that contributed to the formation of deposits. The application of this criterion made it possible to distinguish 3 main groups of deposits (endogenous, exogenous and metamorphic), within which 9 categories, 18 classes and 21 types of deposits were distinguished. Other criteria for the classification of deposits are also presented, i.e. geotectonic, tectonic, morphological, genetic, mineralogical, chemical, technological, which may be helpful in assessing the industrial suitability or the abundance of mineral accumulations.
Scene Classification with Simple Machine Learning and Convolutional Neural Network

Scene classification has drawn a great deal of attention among scientists in the past decade. It focuses on developing a method that can be used to classify scene images into pre-defined categorizes. Unlike human, identifying discriminative features are still the main burden to accomplish this goal. As such, a question arises to determine the appropriate level of feature descriptors, i.e., fine-grained texture/shape or recognizable objects/components. In this paper, we like to compare if a simple machine learning method can compete with the deep learning algorithm. Since the former requires a feature vector of each training instance, we have come up with a method to extract object-based features from images. YOLOv3 that is a pre-trained model for object detection is exploited to produce the object-based features. Following that, four machine learning methods are evaluated using this training set, while the deep learning model is built using original images. The experiment shows simple machine learning models with object-level features can match the performance of deep learning, which is more demanding in terms of computational resources and time.
Elderly fall detection based on convolutional neural network

With China's entry into an aging society, the phenomenon of the elderly living alone has become an important issue of general concern. Accidental fall is a major factor endangering the safety of the elderly. Therefore, the design of intelligent nursing system with fall detection function is of great significance to ensure the safety of the elderly. For this demand, a fall detection method that can be applied to intelligent nursing equipment is proposed in this paper, which is based on the convolutional neural network (CNN). Since deep learning requires a large number of samples, however, it is not easy to obtain large-scale labelled images, transfer learning technology based on pre-trained model of Inception v3 is applied to construct new CNN model, which is implemented with the commonly used TensorFlow and Keras. The basic layers are transferred from Inception v3 and keep the weights untrainable. The full connection layer, dropout layer and output layer are added for fine-tuned training. A small-scale image data set is established for training and test. Cross entropy loss function and Adam optimization algorithm are used during training. Finally, the experimental results show that the trained model can effectively realize the automatic detection of falls, with an accuracy of 95.38%, which has a certain practical significance.
Пассивизация непереходных глаголов в русском языке: существует ли системный запрет?

The article challenges the traditional theory according to which only transitive verbs can have passive voice forms in Russian. Based on the Russian National Corpus and texts found on the Internet, the paper shows that the grammatical system of Russian permits the passivization of oblique-complement verbs and verbs that govern prepositional phrases. The analysis shows that whether or not a verb permits the formation of passive voice forms depends on the communicative status of the complement rather than its grammatical form, while the semantic and morphonological restrictions on passivization equally apply to verbs regardless of the form of their complements. The paper gives evidence confirming that some passive voice forms are loan translations from other languages, but argues that the use of the loan translation mechanism does not bring about anything that contradicts the rules of Russian grammar, but rather leads to a more comprehensive implementation of previously unused capabilities of the grammatical system.
e-Voting Systems to Facilitate Elections in Iraq

Electronic Voting (e-Voting) is replacing the paper-based election system gradually in many developing and developed countries throughout the globe. Many devices emerged to be used in different e-Voting systems, starting from the punch-card machines at the polling station ending with using the PCs at home. At present, elections in Iraq are carried out through the deployment of the traditional classic paper based election system. It is plagued by many challenges mainly the long period of tallying time, possibility of practicing many kinds of fraud as well as tampering the results. The aim of this paper is to identify the most suitable e-Voting machine to be utilized in elections in Iraq. Different e-Voting machines and systems have been examined in details and a comparison has been done based on a set of criteria. The criteria have been formed in the light of e-Voting functional and security requirements. As per the comparison, it has been concluded that the stand-alone Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) associated with a printer and a bio-metric identification verification device, meets to large extent the e-Voting system requirements and can facilitate the implementation of e-Voting process in Iraqi elections.
A Study on Public Law Issues Surrounding the Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Era of the 4th Industrial Revolution

지능정보사회와 인공지능의 발달로 새로 문제되는 다양한 법적 문제들은 기존의 법체계에서는 논의되기 쉽지 않다는 점에 공감대가 있는 것으로 보인다. 특히 인공지능을 ‘일반적&#8231;일괄적으로’ 법적 주체로 인정하기 위해서는 기존 법체계 등에 관한 패러다임이 획기적으로 변화될 필요가 있을 것이다. 인공지능의 활용은 그 편의성이나 효율성은 물론이고 국가의 영역에서는 그 중립성과 투명성으로 인해 권력남용이나 부패방지와도 연결되는 것으로 가능한 범위에서 긍정적으로 검토될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. 이상을 바탕으로 본고는 먼저, 기존 법적 논의의 방향 개관, 인공지능 이용의 주체와 관련하여서 국가와 개인을 중심으로 한 공법적 논의들을 개관하고 있는데, 오늘날 인공지능이 나타내는 결과 값은 많은 경우 일정한 데이터 곧, 표현으로 나타나고 있다는 점에서 ‘인공지능 표현’에 관한 공법적 문제도 함께 논의하고 있다. 다음으로, 인공지능 구현 기술을 딥러닝을 중심으로 살펴보고 이를 기반으로 한 법적 규율의 기틀을 도출해보고자 시도하고자 하였다.There seems to be a consensus on the point that various legal issues that are newly raised by the development of the intelligent information society and artificial intelligence are not easy to discuss in the existing legal system. In particular, in order to recognize artificial intelligence as a generally and collectively legal entity, the paradigm regarding the existing legal system will need to be radically changed. The use of artificial intelligence is not only related to its convenience and efficiency, but also to the abuse of power and corruption prevention due to its neutrality and transparency in the national domain. Based on the above, this paper first outlines the direction of existing legal discussions and public legal discussions centered on the state and individuals in relation to the subject of artificial intelligence use. In other words, the public law issue regarding artificial intelligence expression is also being discussed in that it appears as an expression. Next, we tried to examine artificial intelligence implementation technology with a focus on deep learning and try to derive a framework for legal regulation based on it.
The 4th Industrial Revolution and the Tasks Law - Focusing on the review from the criminal law perspective on the risks and safety of innovative technologies -

제4차 산업혁명은 인공지능, 빅데이터 등 신기술로 촉발되는 초연결 기반의 지능화 혁명으로 산업뿐만 아니라 국가 시스템, 사회, 삶 전반의 혁신적 변화를 일으키는 것을 말한다. 이러한 제4차 산업혁명은 과학기술을 기반으로 하고 있으며, 혁신적 변화를 예고하고 있다. 그러나 혁신적 변화를 가져온다고는 하지만 어떤 변화가 있을 것인지 쉽게 예측하기는 어렵다. 순기능적 변화가 있는가 하면 역기능적 변화도 존재할 것이다. 다시 말해 제4차 산업 혁명 기반 기술을 바탕으로 예측과 예방을 통하여 고질적 사회문제를 해결할 수 있을 것이다. 이와는 반대로 인공지능이 인간을 대체하게 되어 고용과 노동의 변화를 비롯하여 오작동이나 남용으로 인한 피해 등 사회문제도 발생할 수 있을 것이다. 제4차 산업혁명이라는 화두는 우리 사회에 많은 질문을 던지고 있으며, 그 질문에 대한 답을 구하고 있다. 제4차 산업혁명의 핵심은 ‘인공지능’이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 인공지능은 어느 정도까지 발전할 것인지 가늠하긴 어렵지만, 우리와의 공존은 자명한 사실이다. 이러한 공존 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 문제는 다양할 수 있으며, 현행 규범체계에서 적절하게 대응이 가능할 것인지 검토할 필요가 있다. 규범체계 검토과정과 더불어 새로운 기술의 출현에 따른 규제방식에 대한 논의도 같이 진행해야 할 필요성이 있다. 또한 새로운 기술의 출현은 새로운 ‘위험’이 나타날 가능성도 존재한다.The 4th Industrial Revolution is a hyper-connected intelligence revolution triggered by new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, which refers to causing innovative changes not only in the industry but also in the national system, society, and life as a whole. This 4th Industrial Revolution is based on science and technology and predicts innovative changes. However, it is difficult to easily predict what changes will occur, even if they bring about innovative changes. There will be a pure functional change, while there will also be a dysfunctional change. In other words, based on the technology based on the 4th industrial revolution, chronic social problems can be solved through prediction and prevention. On the contrary, artificial intelligence will replace humans, which could lead to changes in employment and labor, as well as social problems such as damage caused by malfunctions or abuse. The topic of the 4th Industrial Revolution is asking many questions to our society and seeking answers to those questions. The core of the 4th Industrial Revolution can be said to be artificial intelligence . It is difficult to estimate to what extent such artificial intelligence will develop, but coexistence with us is a self-evident fact. There may be various problems that may arise in this coexistence process, and it is necessary to examine whether appropriate responses will be possible in the current normative system. In addition to the normative system review process, there is a need to proceed with discussions on regulatory methods following the emergence of new technologies. There is also a possibility that the emergence of new technologies will lead to new risk .