Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Early childhood education instructors’ teaching practice and perceptions of distance learning

The purpose of this study was to investigate the teaching practice and perceptions of distance learning among early childhood education instructors who have implemented online-based distance learning due to COVID-19. For this purpose, 139 instructors who taught early childhood education courses participated an online survey. The collected data were analyzed by frequency and percentage.&#x0D; The results of this study are as follows. First, about 76% of early childhood education instructors had no experience of distance learning before COVID-19, and the training experience of distance learning was high at about 82%. The early childhood education instructors utilized the combination of real-time interactive classes and video content classes the most, and the frequency of using materials developed by them was high. Second, the early childhood education instructors recognized that the combination of real-time interactive classes and video content classes was the most effective and perceived the effect of non-face-to-face classes and face-to-face classes to be different, and a main reason of the difference was in the interaction between instructors and learners. As the advantages of distance learning, more than 90% of the instructors chose no time and space constraints and convenience due to non-contact. In order to increase the effectiveness of distance learning, they recognized that various improvements were needed, and among them, strengthening learners’ participation was the most necessary. More than 70% of the instructors answered that they are willing to continue at least some of the distance learning after COVID-19. For high-quality distance learning, they perceived that the instructors should develop interaction skills with learners and competencies related to distance learning, while universities should support instructors’ competencies for distance learning and make technical improvements. These results suggest the need to prepare a support system that reinforce instructor’s competencies for distance learning.
A Study on the Infringement of the Right of Database Producers under the Copyright Act - Focusing Supreme Court of Korea, Decision of 12 May 2022, 2021Do1533 -

Considering that excessive protection of the database may lead to a reduction in database use or restrictions on information exchange, which in turn may hinder the development of science and technology based on sharing information, it is necessary to interpret the current copyright law that protects the database by granting exclusive rights so as not to cause excessive restrictions on the distribution and use of information.&#x0D; Similar concerns have been raised about the issue of information monopoly in the same way as for the EU Database directive which protects databases in a similar way to ours, and the European Court of Justice tries to reduce this risk by narrowly interpreting the scope of the rights of database producers in the British Horseracing Board judgement.&#x0D; The materials of the database can be protected by misappropriation clause of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act.&#x0D; And the fact that the recent revision of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act has added illegal data acquisition to unfair competition is also a change in the environment to be considered in protecting the rights of database producers.&#x0D; Recently, Supreme Court of Korea Decision of 12 May 2022 2021Do1533 has ruled on whether data collection by data crawling constitutes a violation of the rights of database producers according to Copyright Law Article 93. In this judgment, the Supreme Court presented a clear standard of judgment regarding ‘a substantial part of the contents of Database’ and ‘repeated and systematic coping’ which are the requirements for infringement of the rights of database producers, taking into account the above concerns and changes in the environment.
A study on the perception of media literacy of Pre-service Early Childhood Teachers

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of kindergarten early childhood teachers on media literacy. For this purpose, 258 pre-school teachers enrolled in the early childhood education department of universities were targeted. The research tool was modified and supplemented with the test tool developed by Jihye Kwon (2017) and Seonah Kim (2021) to investigate the perception of media literacy. The derived contents were analyzed using the PASW18.0 statistical program. As a result of the study, first, it was confirmed that the perception of media literacy of preschool teachers was high while the awareness of the concept of media literacy itself was low. Second, preschool teachers' understanding of media literacy was found to be higher than the average of preschool teachers' understanding of media literacy. As a sub-factor, critical understanding of media was the highest, followed by social communication using media, media usage ethics, understanding of media characteristics, and expression using media. When viewed by grade level, media literacy comprehension showed a significant difference in perception by grade level. In particular, it was found that critical understanding of media and media use ethics showed significant results in the academic year. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for education to improve media literacy competency of kindergarten teachers who can more actively respond to the future society.
Individual Identification in Facial Appearance Biometrics Based on Macroscopical Comparison.

Individual identification is one of the research hotspots in the practice of forensic science, and the judgment is usually built on the comparison of the unique biological characteristics of the individual, such as fingerprints, iris and DNA. With the dramatic increase in the number of cases related to video image investigations, there is an increasing need for the technology to identify individuals based on the macroscopic comparison of facial appearance biometrics. At present, with the introduction of computer three-dimensional (3D) modeling and 3D superimposition comparison technology, considerable progress has been made in individual identification methods based on macroscopic comparison of facial appearance biometrics. This paper reviews individual facial appearance biometric methods based on macroscopical comparison, comprehensively analyzes the advantages and limitations of different methods, and puts forward recommendations and prospects for subsequent research.个体识别是法庭科学实践的研究热点之一，通常依据具有个体唯一性的生物特征（如指纹、虹膜、DNA等）比对结果进行判别。随着视频图像侦查相关案件数量的剧增，基于宏观比对面部表观生物特征进行个体识别的技术需求日益增长。目前，由于计算机3D建模及3D叠加比对技术的引入，基于宏观比对面部表观生物特征的个体识别方法取得了可观进展。本文综述了基于宏观比对面部表观生物特征进行个体识别的不同方法，对其优势和局限性进行分析，并对后续研究提出建议与展望。.
Retrospective of Information Security Education in National Schoolsh

The article substantiates the need for information security training in Russian schools. A review of informatics textbooks from 1985 to the present is given with a view to changing views on teaching safe work with information resources, highlighting the dominant areas that are reflected in educational materials. The place of information security in regulatory documents, in particular, in the federal state educational standards (FSES) of basic and secondary general education, is considered. It is shown what forms of information security training are in the classroom (situational tasks, role-playing and business games, watching educational animated videos) and in the extracurricular (information security olympiads, thematic classroom hours, discussion platforms, extracurricular activities, meetings with IT workers, visiting IT enterprises) activities should prevail. Specific examples of gaming tasks for teaching information security are given, which can be used in the classroom as learning tasks or in extracurricular activities as separate competitions.
NEW DATA ON THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SYNNYR ULTRA-K INTRUSIVE FORMATION

The Synnyrsky massif is the largest intrusive containing ultra-potassium syenites, synnyrites, which are raw materials for the production of potash fertilizers and aluminum. An extensive complex of geological and geochemical studies has been carried out, including exploratory drilling, which was carried out on the massif for the first time. The data obtained made it possible to significantly change the idea of the structure of the massif, including a different look at the regularities of the placement of potash-alumina ores, significantly increasing the ore potential and the reliability of its assessment. The present study discusses the existence within the Synnyrsky complex of the third, previously undetected, large intrusive phase, which has its own geological and geochemical features.
ابعاد ووظائف الإدارة البيئية في كتاب علم الاحياء للصف الخامس العلمي(الاحيائي)

The current research aims to analyze the biology book for the preparatory stage in Iraq in the light of the dimensions and functions of environmental management, and I the method of content analysis to achieve these goals, where a standard for the dimensions of environmental management and A standard for environmental management functions was built, where the standard of dimensions consists of five dimensions: the human dimension, the social dimension, the environmental dimension, the economic dimension, the technological dimension) and the criterion for environmental management functions consists of nine functions which are (environmental education, environmental awareness, sustainable environmental development, environmental ethics, environmental planning, environmental control, environmental review, environmental assessment and environmental regulation). The number of analyzed pages is (222) pages, and after the analysis and making sure of its validity and reliability, it was concluded that the total of the frequencies that per to the dimensions of environmental management in the book of biology for the fifth grade scientific (biological) (0) and the total of the frequencies that pertain to the functions of environmental management in the book of science Biology for the fourth scientific grade (0) repetition. In light of the results of the research, the researcher recommends activating the role of the dimensions and functions of environmental management by including it in biology books for the fifth grade (biology) and holding workshops and training programs for biology teachers on environmental management and its dimensions and functions. The researcher suggests complementary studies for the results. Keywords \ environmental management, biology book, functions of environmental management, dimensions of environmental management. Dimensions and functions of environmental management
[Enrichment Factors, Health Risk, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils in Semi-arid Region of Hainan Island].

To understand the enrichment factors and pollution levels of heavy metals in agricultural soils in the semi-arid region of Hainan island, 1818 surface soil samples were collected in Gancheng Town and analyzed for their heavy metal contents and physicochemical composition. Correlation analysis was used to determine the heavy metal enrichment factors. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), comprehensive ecological risk index (RI), and hazard index (HI), as well as carcinogenic risk (CR), were used to assess the degree of pollution and health risk. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to determine the primary sources of pollution and priority sources. The average values of heavy metal contents in the topsoil were 22.7, 0.128, 33.4, 14.5, 0.032, 9.32, 32.5, and 43.3 mg·kg-1 for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. With the exception of Zn, the concentrations of other heavy metals in the topsoil were higher than the soil background values of Hainan, showing different degrees of heavy metal accumulation effect. The Igeo revealed that the major pollutant element in soils was As, followed by Cd and Cu. The RI showed that the proportion of soil samples that were high-risk level or worse was 29.4% of the total number of samples, among which As was the major source of risk. The health risk assessment results indicated that As, Cr, and Ni exposure presented carcinogenic risk for children with high CR values. Based on PMF, four major sources of heavy metals were identified in the study area. Hg was derived mainly from industrial sources, and As was closely associated with agricultural activities. Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn were related to soil parent materials. Pb and Cd were associated with agricultural activities and traffic emissions. The PMF models combined with correlation analysis were useful for estimating the source apportionment of heavy metals in soils.
Investigation of the high-voltage plasma thermionic diode electric power dependence on the thermophysical parameters and the type of working fluid

Design and development of high-temperature current conversion systems based on the plasma power engineering devices, such as, for example, grid key elements and high-voltage plasma thermionic diodes (HPTD), is an urgent task and is connected to development of the high-power nuclear propulsion systems for spacecraft. The paper presents results of studying the HPTD specific electric power dependence on the thermophysical parameters of the interelectrode gap filler, i.e. on its temperature and pressure. Besides, dependence of the HPTD power was demonstrated on the materials used in the electrodes manufacture. HPTD specific electrical power dependences were obtained, as a function of temperature (anode and emitter) and vapor pressure of cesium and binary mixture. Expediency of using the HPTD binary filler with the tungsten emitter to increase its specific electric power was shown.
Rainbow Colormaps: What are They <i>Good</i> and <i>Bad</i> for?

Guidelines for color use in quantitative visualizations have strongly discouraged the use of rainbow colormaps, arguing instead for smooth designs that do not induce visual discontinuities or implicit color categories. However, the empirical evidence behind this argument has been mixed and, at times, even contradictory. In practice, rainbow colormaps are widely used, raising questions about the true utility or dangers of such designs. We study how color categorization impacts the interpretation of scalar fields. We first introduce an approach to detect latent categories in colormaps. We hypothesize that the appearance of color categories in scalar visualizations can be beneficial in that they enhance the perception of certain features, although at the cost of rendering other features less noticeable. In three crowdsourced experiments, we show that observers are more likely to discriminate global, distributional features when viewing colorful scales that induce categorization (e.g., rainbow or diverging schemes). Conversely, when seeing the same data through a less colorful representation, observers are more likely to report localized features defined by small variations in the data. Participants showed awareness of these different affordances, and exhibited bias for exploiting the more discriminating colormap, given a particular feature type. Our results demonstrate costs and benefits for rainbows (and similarly colorful schemes), suggesting that their complementary utility for analyzing scalar data should not be dismissed. In addition to explaining potentially valid uses of rainbow, our study provides actionable guidelines, including on when such designs can be more harmful than useful. Data and materials are available at https://osf.io/xjhtf.
A Hierarchical User Behavior Modeling Framework for Cross-Domain Click-Through Rate Prediction

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a long-standing problem in advertising systems. Existing single-domain CTR prediction methods suffer from the data sparsity problem since few users can click advertisements on many items. Recently, cross-domain CTR prediction leverages the relatively richer information from a source domain to improve the performance on a target domain with sparser information, but it cannot explicitly capture users' diverse interests in different domains. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical user behavior modeling framework for cross-domain CTR prediction, named HBMNet. HBMNet contains two main components: an element-wise behavior transfer(EWBT) layer and a user representation layer. EWBT layer transfers the information collected from one domain by element-level masks to dynamically highlight the informative elements in another domain. The user representation layer performs behavior-level attention between these behavior representations and the ranking item representation. Extensive experimental results on two cross-domain datasets show that the proposed HBMNet outperforms SOTA models.
Fromm's Idea of Developing “Sane Human Beings” and Its Contemporary Value

The concept of creating “sane human beings” is proposed by Fromm based on his theory,combining Freud􀆳s psychoanalytic theory,and Marx􀆳s theory of human beings,as well as a thorough examination of the mental health in western capitalist society.Fromm examined human life in western capitalist society, believing that in addition to basic needs of animals,humans require creative personalities,freedom,and love,and concluding that alienation had pervaded all areas of human life in capitalist society.In response to the problem of people's existential dilemma and the alienation that exists in all aspects of society,Fromm proposed the idea that human beings need to be spiritually sane and that each person should become a sane human being.He argued that in order to develop sane human beings,it is necessary to build a sane society and thus restore people's critical thinking and creativity in all aspects.Fromm􀆳s idea of “sane human beings” is of significant reference value to contemporary education and culture.
Cybercrime, Digital Technology and Responsible Leadership

In Chapter 5, the contribution by Christiane Wuillamie OBE, the Chief Executive of Pyxis Culture Technologies and Fellow of the Institute for Responsible Leadership, covers the role of responsible leadership in protecting against ever more organized digital crime, including data scamming. Such activity is escalating under the impetus of the digital revolution in a global context and  without responsible leadership  it threatens the realization of the most central of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In all this she argues that cybersecurity is not just a technological but a human issue, in which  whatever the commercial barriers  partnership is the key to the path forward.
Infrared Image Enhancement Based on Optimally Weighted Multi-Scale Laplacian of Gaussian and Local Statistics Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Infrared imagery is extensively used in defense, remote sensing and medical applications. While the infrared images have many advantages over RGB images, the details in these images are usually blurred which in turn leads to some difficulties for human operators. In this paper, a new method based on Laplacian of Gaussian scale-space and local variance is presented to improve the visual quality of the infrared images. At the first step, the Gaussian scale-space is constructed by convolving the original image with different Gaussian kernels. Then, the two-dimensional Laplacian kernels are convolved with the Gaussian scale-space to achieve details with both positive as well as negative contrasts. The weighted details are added to the original image to deblur the dim areas. At the final step, to increase the dynamic range of the image and have better visual quality, the local variance of the image is also added to the output of the previous step. Since finding optimum weighting coefficients is a difficult task empirically, here, we use a population-based meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find the optimum values for weighting coefficient values. Beside qualitative comparison, Structural Similarity (SSIM) and second-derivative-like measure of enhancement (SDME) are used to quantitatively investigate the images quality. The proposed method outperforms the baseline algorithms in both qualitative and quantitative perspectives.
A Study on Competency Development of Lifelong Education Instructors

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the core competencies, the developmental stages of compe-tency, and the learning patterns of lifelong education instructors at local culture centers in department stores that function as a representative lifelong education institution attached to a company. Method: This study performed a qualitative case study. This included an in-depth interview with 8 people who have 25-35 years of experience as lifelong education instructors at culture centers in department stores. For the data analysis, thematic analysis and contents analysis methods were used. For the analysis framework of this study, Gardner's I/D/F system approach(individual/domain/field system approach: I/D/F) model, which was sug-gested in the theoretical background, was used. Results: The study derived three competency factors, three stages of competency development, and three learning types of lifelong education instructors at culture centers in department stores. Conclusion: First, there were three components of competency development of lifelong education instructors at culture centers in department stores: (1)knowledge and skills, (2)emotion regulation, and (3)performance and reflection. Second, the competency development stages of lifelong education instructors at culture centers in department stores were divided into three stages: (1)novice instructors → (2)professional instructors → (3)Out-standing instructors. Third, the learning types that promote the competency development of lifelong education instructors in culture centers in department stores were as follows: (1)learning by modeling, (2)learning by trial and error, and (3)anticipatory·creative learning.