Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Reasoning over Entity-Action-Location Graph for Procedural Text Understanding

Procedural text understanding aims at tracking the states (e.g., create, move, destroy) and locations of the entities mentioned in a given paragraph.To effectively track the states and locations, it is essential to capture the rich semantic relations between entities, actions, and locations in the paragraph.Although recent works have achieved substantial progress, most of them focus on leveraging the inherent constraints or incorporating external knowledge for state prediction.The rich semantic relations in the given paragraph are largely overlooked.In this paper, we propose a novel approach (REAL) to procedural text understanding, where we build a general framework to systematically model the entityentity, entity-action, and entity-location relations using a graph neural network.We further develop algorithms for graph construction, representation learning, and state and location tracking.We evaluate the proposed approach on two benchmark datasets, ProPara, and Recipes.The experimental results show that our method outperforms strong baselines by a large margin, i.e., 5.0% on ProPara and 3.2% on Recipes, illustrating the utility of semantic relations and the effectiveness of the graph-based reasoning model.
AugVic: Exploiting BiText Vicinity for Low-Resource NMT

The success of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) largely depends on the availability of large bitext training corpora.Due to the lack of such large corpora in low-resource language pairs, NMT systems often exhibit poor performance.Extra relevant monolingual data often helps, but acquiring it could be quite expensive, especially for low-resource languages.Moreover, domain mismatch between bitext (train/test) and monolingual data might degrade the performance.To alleviate such issues, we propose AUGVIC, a novel data augmentation framework for low-resource NMT which exploits the vicinal samples of the given bitext without using any extra monolingual data explicitly.It can diversify the in-domain bitext data with finer level control.Through extensive experiments on four low-resource language pairs comprising data from different domains, we have shown that our method is comparable to the traditional back-translation that uses extra in-domain monolingual data.When we combine the synthetic parallel data generated from AUGVIC with the ones from the extra monolingual data, we achieve further improvements.We show that AUGVIC helps to attenuate the discrepancies between relevant and distant-domain monolingual data in traditional back-translation.To understand the contributions of different components of AUGVIC, we perform an in-depth framework analysis.
Threaded Code Generation with a Meta-Tracing JIT Compiler.

Language implementation frameworks, e.g., RPython and Truffle/Graal, are practical tools for creating efficient virtual machines, including a well-functioning just-in-time (JIT) compiler.It is demanding to support multitier JIT compilation in such a framework for language developers.This paper presents an idea to generate threaded code by reusing an existing meta-tracing JIT compiler, as well as an interpreter design for it.Our approach does not largely modify RPython itself but constructs an effective interpreter definition to enable threaded code generation in RPython.We expect our system to be extended to support multilevel JIT compilation in the RPython framework.We measured the potential performance of our threaded code generation by simulating its behavior in PyPy.We confirmed that our approach reduced code sizes by 80 % and compilation times by 60 % compared to PyPy's JIT compiler on average, and ran about 7 % faster than the interpreter-only execution.
Grammatical Cohesive Devices in Reading Text: A Discourse Analysis of English Test for Junior High School

Reading text, besides being used as teaching media, is also used in an assessment measurement. However, in reality, many students have difficulty understanding the reading text due to several factors such as the text is too long, incohesive between words, and even incoherent between paragraphs. To avoid these factors, important to analyze the use of cohesive devices in reading texts. The present study aimed to investigate grammatical cohesive devices in the reading text of the English National Final Examination test for Junior High School in the 2017-2018 academic year in Indonesia. The current research attempted to: (1) find out the kind of grammatical cohesion devices that were applied in sixteen reading texts of the English National Final Examination test, (2) explore the use of reference, substitution, ellipses, and conjunction to describe the cohesiveness that was applied in sixteen of the reading texts, consisting of a short functional, narrative, descriptive, recount and report text. The reading texts were analyzed using Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) theory related to grammatical cohesion devices. The steps of data analysis were through the process of collecting, counting, categorizing, and assessing the grammatical cohesion devices. The findings revealed that 621 grammatical cohesion devices were used in the English National Final Examination reading text. Further, the findings explained that 67.47% of grammatical cohesion device was the reference (419), 5.15% was the substitution (32), 2.58% was the ellipses (16), 24.80% was the conjunction (154). The findings also indicated that the limited use of grammatical cohesion devices in the present study showed a lack of a variety of grammatical cohesion in terms of form and variation devices. Although the reading text of the English Final Examination was somewhat cohesive, some areas still need improvement. Implications for teachers and educators are to give more attention to the coherence of the reading text. A cohesive reading text will provide an understanding of both the form and content of the text. For reading text scriptwriters, they must pay attention to grammatical cohesion devices so it becomes more varied and not monotonous. Besides, students need to be given material related to cohesion because knowledge of cohesion is very useful in the mastery of their language, especially in reading and writing skills.
A Novel Approach to Spoken Arabic Number Recognition Based on Developed Ant Lion Algorithm

Intelligent spoken system is constructed to recognize numbers spoken in Arabic language by different people. Series of operations are performed on audio sound file as pre-processing stages. A novel approach is applied to extract features of audio files called Max Mean Log to reduce audio file dimensions in an efficient manner. Several stages of initial processing are used to prepare the file for the next step of the recognition process. The recognition process begins with the use of Antlion’s advanced intelligence algorithm to determine the type of the spoken number in Arabic and later convert it to a visual text that represents the value of the spoken number. The current proposal method is relatively fast and very effective. The percentage of recognizing numbers spoken by the proposed algorithm is 99%. For 1,800 different audio files, the error rate was 1%. Additional 40 audio files were used that are different from people’s original dataset. Due to an additional examination of the system and its ability to recognize the audio file, the rate of discrimination for such files was 72.5%.
FontRL: Chinese Font Synthesis via Deep Reinforcement Learning

Automatic generation of Chinese fonts is a valuable but challenging task in areas of AI and Computer Graphics, mainly due to the huge amount of Chinese characters and their complex glyph structures. In this paper, we propose FontRL, a novel method for Chinese font synthesis by using deep reinforcement learning. Specifically, we first train a deep reinforcement learning model to obtain the Thin-Plate Spline (TPS) transformation that is able to modify the reference stroke skeleton in a mean font style into the skeleton of a required style for each stroke of every unseen Chinese character. Afterwards, we utilize a CNN model to predict the location and scale information of these strokes, and then assemble them to get the skeleton of the corresponding character. Finally, we convert each synthesized character skeleton into the glyph image via an image-to-image translation model. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed FontRL compared to the state of the art. Our code is available at https://github.com/lsflyt-pku/FontRL.
Moral education of students in the contemporary society

With the advancement of the contemporary society to the stage of global digitalization, the issues of personality education, its means and methods are becoming increasingly important. The strategy of Russias scientific-technological development presupposes, among other things, the formation of certain ideological and axiological priorities, in accordance with which the value characteristics of the information society change and reproduce. Moral education is a purposeful development of the personal moral culture: moral activity, system of values, moral feelings and behavior that corresponds to the ideals and principles of humanistic morality. Moral activity as an important personal quality in the information society presupposes an internal need for continuous moral improvement, a desire to creatively set and solve new, increasingly complex tasks of the technological development. The development of such moral activity of the student also means his ability to choose actions on the basis of the contemporary trends of the dynamic social development, and to choose actions that are the most appropriate for a specific situation. The organization of moral education at the university consists of two main interrelated directions: moral education and teaching students the skills of moral behavior. Complex activities of the university serve not only as a means of moral education but also as its condition, which requires their inclusion in the educational process and purposeful organization. The efficiency of moral education at the university depends on the system of influence on students, and its main components are as follows: ethical education and teaching ethical disciplines; development of sustainable traditions of corporate culture (mission of the university, system of life values, ethical codes of students and teachers, etc.); ethical orientation of general-theoretical and professional disciplines; moral-educational components in the organization of the educational process; non-learning activities with students, labor education, volunteer activities, etc.
Data Augmentation for Text Generation Without Any Augmented Data

Data augmentation is an effective way to improve the performance of many neural text generation models.However, current data augmentation methods need to define or choose proper data mapping functions that map the original samples into the augmented samples.In this work, we derive an objective to formulate the problem of data augmentation on text generation tasks without any use of augmented data constructed by specific mapping functions.Our proposed objective can be efficiently optimized and applied to popular loss functions on text generation tasks with a convergence rate guarantee.Experiments on five datasets of two text generation tasks show that our approach can approximate or even surpass popular data augmentation methods.
Towards more equitable question answering systems: How much more data do you need?

Question answering (QA) in English has been widely explored, but multilingual datasets are relatively new, with several methods attempting to bridge the gap between high-and lowresourced languages using data augmentation through translation and cross-lingual transfer.In this project, we take a step back and study which approaches allow us to take the most advantage of existing resources in order to produce QA systems in many languages.Specifically, we perform extensive analysis to measure the efficacy of few-shot approaches augmented with automatic translations and permutations of context-question-answer pairs.In addition, we make suggestions for future dataset development efforts that make better use of a fixed annotation budget, with a goal of increasing the language coverage of QA datasets and systems. 1
An Analysis of the Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates

This study examines the relationship between the financial sector and economic growth for the United Arab Emirates, which is presently the most successfully diversified economy among the six Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (commonly referred as the GCC).The time period covered for this purpose is from 1975 to 2016.Since the present study deals with time series analysis, various time series techniques were employed to examine the relationship between financial sector and economic growth.The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test was employed to check the variables stationarity, followed by lag length criteria test to define optimal lag length and proceed with the cointegration test.Finally, Vector Error Correction Model test (VECM) and Granger Causality test were employed to determine the relationship by using domestic credit to private sector, broad money (M2) and FDI as proxy variables to measure financial development, and GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) as proxy variable for measuring economic growth.The results obtained from the analysis revealed that broad money and private sector credit play a crucial role in the development of the financial sector in the UAE.
Validation of a questionnaire on the use of Interactive Response System in Higher Education

this study aims to design and validate a questionnaire to measure the students' perception of the use of IRS as a technopedagogical resource in the classroom.a 24 items questionnaire (Interactive Response System for the Improvement of the Teaching-Learning Process) was designed ad hoc for this research and applied to 142 university students.both the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis yielded 3 dimensions: classroom environment, teaching-learning processes and learning assessment. The results obtained both in reliability (Cronbach's alpha= 0.955) and in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (χ2/df=1.944, CFI=0.97; GFI=0.78; RMR=0.077; RMSEA=0.08) reveal highly satisfactory indices.statistical analyses confirm that this instrument is a valid, reliable, and easy-to-apply tool for professors to evaluate the student perception of student-centred learning.
The graphic organizer’s effect on the students’ writing achievement in argumentative paragraph

The Graphic organizer strategy is visually mapped to organize the general into a particular idea in an argumentative paragraph to develop students’ writing scores. The purpose of this research is to enrich theoretical and practical strategiesin writing paragraph argumentatively. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a Pretest-post-test non-equivalent group and non-random sampling technique to determine the experimental group consisting of 23 participants and the control group consisting of 23 participants. The expert who validated the test was senior English lecturers. And the researcher used Cronbach’s Alpha to measure the reliability, and the result was 0.721 (acceptable). As the result, graphic organizer strategy significantly affected the students’ writing achievement in argumentative paragraphs, especially on the organization aspect. Additionally, this strategy also allowed them to explore their ideas independently and unconsciously builds some connecting words up.DOI 10.26905/enjourme.v6i1.5701
Lecture Room Design Towards the New Normal Pandemic Covid 19 (Lecture Room Case Study at UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur)

Classroom design management is very important for the continuity of the learning process, especially in a university. At the time of the current Covid 19 pandemic, the learning process has now turned online without using classrooms. But this certainly cannot go on continuously. The government has launched the New Normal program, which means that all activities are slowly being carried out again but with a maximum health protocol including the lecture learning process. The condition of the Covid 19 pandemic requires a lecture room design that can adapt to the needs of health protocols to break the chain of the spread of the virus. The purpose of this study is to analyze the types of activity in the lecture hall and the facilities needed so that a lecture room design can be obtained by the current conditions of the Covid 19 pandemic. The method used is qualitative deductive by describing the conditions of the lecture room and distributing questionnaires to students by filling out online questionnaires. The results of the study, in terms of seat arrangement according to the new normal, show that the type that can accommodate students the most is the rectangle type with an average capacity of 40% of normal capacity. Meanwhile, the design of the barrier between students is needed in the lecture hall to avoid droplets and to make it safer and more comfortable to attend lectures. In the existing door handle, an additional handle is designed so that it can open the door not by hand but my arm. Thus, it is hoped that the design of the new normal lecture room can break the chain of spreading covid 19.
E-learning using Video Conferencing Applications: How is Google Meet perceived among students?

During COVID-19 sanitary crisis, teachers have continued classes using video conferencing applications and other digital tools.This has meant that students have confronted another way of learning.Therefore, it is worthwhile revealing students' perceptions regarding this new form of receiving online classes and their performance.Based on the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) a model was proposed and pre-tested using a sample of students of the Faculty of Commerce and Tourism of the Complutense University of Madrid.This exploratory research reveals that (1) the most significant relationship is between interestingness of content and perceived playfulness; (2) the second most significant linkage is between playfulness and intention to use; and (3) there is no effect between perceived ease of use and usefulness.The discussion based on the findings offers revealing academic and educational contributions.
Detecting Students Gifted in Mathematics with Stream Mining and Concept Drift Based M-Learning Models Integrating Educational Computer Games

One of the problems of individualized classes which adapt contents and methods of teaching to students of different cognitive capabilities is early and widely available detection of students gifted in certain educational fields. The paper proposes models which are based on stream mining and which can detect students gifted in Mathematics solely on the basis of their interaction with the m-learning system using educational computer games and with no access to any other feature except for student age. Classification accuracy and time-efficiency of different feature selection methods are examined in order to make the models more interpretable, hence less complex. Stream mining classification accuracy in the utilized models is evaluated on new (yet unseen) records, while the concept drift detection analyses at which point of time should new models be built.
Distributed Cognition and the Experience of Presence in the Mars Exploration Rover Mission

Although research on presence in virtual environments has increased in the last few decades due to the rise of immersive technologies, it has not examined how it is achieved in distributed cognitive systems. To this end, we examine the sense of presence on the Martian landscape experienced by scientific team members in the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission (2004–2018). How this was achieved is not obvious because the sensorimotor coupling that typically underlies presence in mundane situations was absent. Nonetheless, we argue that the Three-Level model can provide a framework for exploring how presence was achieved. This account distinguishes between proto-presence, core-presence, and extended-presence, each level dependent on being able to respond effectively to affordances at a particular level of abstraction, operating at different timescales. We maintain that scientists' sense of presence on Mars involved core-presence and extended-presence rather than proto-presence. Extended-presence involved successfully establishing distal intentions (D-intentions) during strategic planning, i.e., long term conceptual goals. Core-presence involved successfully enacting proximal intentions (P-intentions) during tactical planning by carrying out specific actions on a particular target, abstracting away from sensorimotor details. This was made possible by team members “becoming the rover,” which enhanced their ability to identify relevant affordances revealed through images. We argue, however, that because Mars exploration is a collective activity involving shared agency by a distributed cognitive system, the experience of presence was a collective presence of the team through the rover.
Moral Bars to Intellectual Property: Theory &amp;amp; Apologetics

Various intellectual creations are raising complex moral issues in intellectual property law.Videos of mass shootings made by perpetrators, statues of the Confederacy displayed openly, torture techniques used on criminal detainees, and devices for consuming illegal drugs are only a few examples.These expressive and inventive works pose the question of whether their apparent immoral nature should preclude intellectual property protection.Although courts and scholars have long debated moral values in intellectual property doctrines, the literature is largely silent on the effect of intellectual property theory.The question thus arises: Do the utilitarian, labor-desert, and autonomy theories of intellectual property imply that morality is relevant to whether a work should receive patent or copyright protection?This is a critical question left unanswered by the scholarship and jurisprudence dealing with intellectual property and morality.This Article considers the question.This Article posits that each theory of intellectual property suggests that moral values should inform whether intellectual works receive protection.The Article then contemplates likely objections, responding to arguments that academics have raised against the position that moral values should define intellectual property.Specifically, it responds to the argument that denying protection in some instances may increase the output of an immoral work, that laws in areas other than intellectual property should address moral problems, and that the government should not interfere with the laissez-faire approach of letting the public decide the moral worth of an intellectual creation.The Article concludes that, within constitutional limitations, certain moral values may serve as reasons to deny intellectual property protection.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN IQRA’ INTERAKTIF BERBASIS MOBILE

The purpose of this study was to design and build an IQRA learning application consisting of reading and listening to how the correct hijaiyah reading, harokat, tanwin, tajwid and sound pronunciation testing. The development of this application uses tools and tools for developing the Android programming language and uses voice recognition, the algorithm implemented is a video and conquer algorithm. The initial process is to convert sound spectrum data into digital form and change it in discrete form. It is from the discrete form that then applies the divide algorithm and conquer to optimize the timing of speech recognation matching. A test has been carried out which results from testing this application that there is agreement between the algorithm and the design of the application that has been made and tested by experts or religious teachers who understand and explore the science in their fields.Keywords: hijaiyah, android, interactive, voice recognation