Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Processing Double Accusatives with Korean Dative/Causative Verbs: An ERP Study

This paper reports an ERP-based study concerning the limited productivity of the ACC + ACC subcategorization frame with Korean dative and causative verbs. This frame is compared to the unmarkedly productive DAT + ACC frame in the ERP experiment and the acceptability rating task. The results show that the double Accusatives with the two types of dative verbs expressing caused possession or caused motion recorded N400, followed by P600, while those with morphological causative verbs registered N400 only. Likewise, the double Accusatives with both dative and causative verbs were consistently rated as unacceptable in the acceptability task. We take the disconfirmed expectation of a certain Case morphology to act as an etiology of the N400 modulation. The reader expects to encounter a dative or causative verb after the DAT + ACC sequence, but the preceding ACC + ACC sequence is not compatible with such a verb after it, evoking N400 because Case encodes morpho-lexical information. Meanwhile, reduced P600 represents a severe disruption of semantic analysis, reflected by N400; dative verbs differ from causative verbs in that the former employ covert lexical feature for causation, but the latter a morphologically-overt morpheme. The upshot of this paper is that Case as an apparently grammatical relation-encoding morpho-syntactic marker serves as a cue for predicting the following word associated with it, and ERP responses to a failure in such a Case-related prediction are not confined to a late positivity but are also detected evoking negativity at posterior regions in the 250 ∼ 500 ms interval.
Block chain based Tamper-Proof Online Voting

The project is mainly aimed at providing secure and user-friendly E-voting system. So we proposed a Block chain-based voting system. This can be used in elections. we argue that our Block chain-based voting system is more secure, reliable and it has the ability to protect voter privacy which will help boost the number of voters and their trust in the electoral system as well as reducing considerably the cost of national elections. compared to other state of the art block chain-based voting systems is that it respects voter’s privacy with a full transparency for auditing and user-friendly terminals, which will boost the confidence of people in the voting system and therefor increase the number of participants in the election. Voting is a vital privilege for each and every citizen, So this model ensures a safe and secured voting using Blockchain based technology which makes it more reliable. Blockchain plays an important role in the e-voting system which ensures the security of votes by preventing modification of data stored in blocks using the cryptographic technique and the integration of verification steps like OTP verification and Aadhar verification to the e-voting system overcomes the duplication or tampering of votes.
Learning Multilingual Semantic Parsers for Question Answering over Linked Data. A comparison of neural and probabilistic graphical model architectures

The task of answering natural language questions over structured data has received wideinterest in recent years. Structured data in the form of knowledge bases has been availablefor public usage with coverage on multiple domains. DBpedia and Freebase are such knowledgebases that include encyclopedic data about multiple domains. However, querying suchknowledge bases requires an understanding of a query language and the underlying ontology,which requires domain expertise. Querying structured data via question answering systemsthat understand natural language has gained popularity to bridge the gap between the dataand the end user.In order to understand a natural language question, a question answering system needsto map the question into query representation that can be evaluated given a knowledge base.An important aspect that we focus in this thesis is the multilinguality. While most researchfocused on building monolingual solutions, mainly English, this thesis focuses on buildingmultilingual question answering systems. The main challenge for processing language inputis interpreting the meaning of questions in multiple languages.In this thesis, we present three different semantic parsing approaches that learn modelsto map questions into meaning representations, into a query in particular, in a supervisedfashion. Each approach differs in the way the model is learned, the features of the model, theway of representing the meaning and how the meaning of questions is composed. The firstapproach learns a joint probabilistic model for syntax and semantics simultaneously from thelabeled data. The second method learns a factorized probabilistic graphical model that buildson a dependency parse of the input question and predicts the meaning representation that isconverted into a query. The last approach presents a number of different neural architecturesthat tackle the task of question answering in end-to-end fashion. We evaluate each approachusing publicly available datasets and compare them with state-of-the-art QA systems.
Enhancing Libyan EFL Undergraduate Students’ Awareness of Mobile Applications for Learning English in the English Department at Sirte University

To master any language, the most important and effective method is to practice it endlessly. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether students are aware of using mobile applications (apps) for learning English. Furthermore, this study aims to evaluate the extent to which students are using mobile applications for learning English. The participants of this study were 20 students from the English department at Sirte University. A semi-structured questionnaire adopted from Mospan (2015) was used to collect the data. This research used both quantitative and qualitative research designs; the quantitative data was analyzed manually, and content analysis was applied to the qualitative data. The results of the study revealed that a vast majority of participants reported that they are motivated to use mobile applications for learning English. Participants were also aware of autonomous learning (self-study). However, there were some hinderances preventing students from using mobile apps for learning English
Who Pays When Things Go Wrong? Online Financial Fraud and Consumer Protection in Scandinavia and Europe

Online financial fraud targeted at consumers through phishing attacks and identity theft, for example, is a growing problem. Because it can be difficult to recover losses from the person who committed the fraud, the loss will often remain with either the financial institution or the consumer. This paper’s research question relates to how losses following online financial fraud are and should be allocated between these two parties according to relevant Scandinavian and European law. For payment-transaction fraud, questions of loss allocation are regulated by national rules implementing the liability regime for unauthorised payment transactions under the payment services directive. For other financial services, these questions are resolved according to general rules on contract and tort. the analysis shows that consumers are often left to deal with the losses caused by online financial fraud. It is argued that the digitalisation of the financial services industry has in practice led to a shift in who bears the risk for attacks against financial institutions. This conflicts with the Eu’s stated policy goals to provide strong consumer protection in the field of cybercrime. The paper concludes that a larger portion of the losses incurred from online financial fraud should be allocated to financial institutions.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audiovisual dan Minat Belajar Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi pada Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri di Kabupaten Karawang

This study aims to determine (1) the effect of using audio visual media and learning interest jointly towards students' ability in writing poetry (2) The effect of using audio visual media towards students' ability in writing poetry (3) The influence of students' learning interest towards students' ability in writing poetry.The research was conducted using a survey method.The population in this study were students from 10 th grade of Vocational High School in Karawang Regency with a sample size of 88 students.The sampling technique used was multistage random sampling.The instruments used in the study were a questionnaire in the form of a Google Form and a writing skill test.Data analysis using multiple linear regression.The results of hypothesis testing obtained the following conclusions: (1) There is a significant effect on the use of instructional media and interest in learning jointly towards students' ability in writing poetry.It can be proved that the Sig.0.000 <0.05 and the calculated F value of 715.855> 3.95.(2) There is a significant effect of using audio visual media towards students' ability in writing poetry.It can be proved that the value of Sig = 0.000 <0.05 and tobserved = 25.357>1.987.(3) There is a significant effect of students' learning interest towards students' ability in writing poetry.It can be proved that Sig = 0.000 <0.05 and tobserved = 22,672> 1,987.The implication in this research is that the use of audio-visual media, especially documentary films, and support for learning interest are sufficient to influence the ability to write descriptive texts for the better.
Analysis of Teaching Elements on Technical and Mathematical Disciplines in Modern Distance Education

The object of research is the quality of teaching technical and mathematical disciplines in modern distance education. One of the most problematic areas is communication, dialogue between a teacher and a student, personality problems in the teacher-student dyad, and the effectiveness of feedback. The idea of distance learning, obviously, is that the interaction between teacher and student takes place in a virtual space. The more efficiently this interaction is built by using a variety of techniques, methods, the better a teaching process. Distance teaching is essentially a person-centered form of education. This is a separate modern educational technology that provides a choice for the teacher, the ability to select educational material depending on the information needs of students.In the course of the study, the main possibilities for improving the effectiveness of feedback between the student and the teacher and the forms of implementing such communication were considered. The organizational and pedagogical conditions for the use of the system of certain elements of distance learning in the process of vocational training have been substantiated. Modern information technologies and innovative teaching methods in training specialists are described. It is proposed to use more actively such elements as an interactive whiteboard, interactive processing of students’ statements during a survey, both in the form of tests or a forum, and in the form of a «word cloud». The use of these interactive elements has proven itself in practice.As a tool for objective assessment of the level of feedback, a comparative analysis of statistical data is proposed, which concerns the distribution of marks at the beginning and at the end of the distance learning course. This data can also be interpreted as an indicator of the quality of teaching. In particular, the analysis of school preparation of students for mastering mathematical disciplines in higher education was carried out. Comparative analysis substantiated, in particular, the need for additional classes for students with poor preparation.
A variational saturation-value model for image decomposition: Illumination and reflectance

&lt;p style='text-indent:20px;'&gt;In this paper, we study to decompose a color image into the illumination and reflectance components in saturation-value color space. By considering the spatial smoothness of the illumination component, the total variation regularization of the reflectance component, and the data-fitting in saturation-value color space, we develop a novel variational saturation-value model for image decomposition. The main aim of the proposed model is to formulate the decomposition of a color image such that the illumination component is uniform with only brightness information, and the reflectance component contains the color information. We establish the theoretical result about the existence of the solution of the proposed minimization problem. We employ a primal-dual algorithm to solve the proposed minimization problem. Experimental results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed decomposition model in saturation-value color space, and demonstrate the performance of the proposed method is better than the other testing methods.&lt;/p&gt;
You Only Evaluate Once: a Simple Baseline Algorithm for Offline RL

The goal of offline reinforcement learning (RL) is to find an optimal policy given prerecorded trajectories. Many current approaches customize existing off-policy RL algorithms, especially actor-critic algorithms in which policy evaluation and improvement are iterated. However, the convergence of such approaches is not guaranteed due to the use of complex non-linear function approximation and an intertwined optimization process. By contrast, we propose a simple baseline algorithm for offline RL that only performs the policy evaluation step once so that the algorithm does not require complex stabilization schemes. Since the proposed algorithm is not likely to converge to an optimal policy, it is an appropriate baseline for actor-critic algorithms that ought to be outperformed if there is indeed value in iterative optimization in the offline setting. Surprisingly, we empirically find that the proposed algorithm exhibits competitive and sometimes even state-of-the-art performance in a subset of the D4RL offline RL benchmark. This result suggests that future work is needed to fully exploit the potential advantages of iterative optimization in order to justify the reduced stability of such methods.
Media Ecology: The Coincidence of Events and Comparison of Information

The paper explores the factors that influence and contribute toward the cyclic mode of information. It looks at how information undergoes mutations over time and space and how these mutations play an important role in making the whole process of information cyclic. Information gets recycled countless times in the course of history; I also consider information to have periodicity and value attached. Like the various environments that surround the earth that are essential in maintaining balance, today media environment has become essential for human survival. The paper explains how information moves in a cyclic process making certain events possible again; it also explains how information is exchanged between the two environments (earth and Infosphere). There is an infosphere that facilitates the exchange of information 24x7. Human lives revolve and also depend on this manmade sphere called infosphere; the information generated per day is incalculable, one may wonder what is this “information” all about, who is producing it, and where is it going? Infosphere has the answers for all these questions.
Enhancing the Value of Patents as Corporate Assets in South Africa: How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assist?

Although the accounting definition of assets contemplates intangible, abstract assets such as those embodied in intellectual property (IP), South African company law largely views IP as a legal and not a business asset. This paper tentatively suggests an approach that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to mitigate weaknesses in the South African patent law relating to the absence of patent searches and examinations. It is hoped that using AI will enable the filing of quality patents that satisfy the prescribed patentability criteria. High-quality patents will allow companies to accumulate patents as corporate assets. The approach is based on the algorithmic use of AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, deep learning alongside the Internet of Things, and IP analytics to strengthen South Africa's IP system and create asset value for corporations. The paper recommends using the proposed AI technologies by companies and the Patents Office to enable the filing of high-quality patents, which will lead to the accumulation of corporate assets in the form of patents. The methodology is doctrinal, and the paper relies on recent literature on IP and AI, South African law, case law and examples drawn from studies conducted in other countries.
The Multi-Tenant Cloud Computing Architecture Allows the Service Consumers to Share the Computing

The log integrity is proved by log chains which are created in the implemented system and by the potential electronic evidence of past logs which are posted by the cloud service provider. The proposed system aids in performing the reasonable verifications that the cloud service provider or the forensic investigator is not tampering the logs. The novelty of the research conducted in this paper is a technique which applies the cuckoo filter, to the forensic logs which is supportive in proving the integrity of the evidences at a faster pace in comparison to the other filters. Gathering and scrutinizing the different types of logs are the vital steps in the forensic domain. Logs are commonly gathered by the cloud service providers or by some third party layers governed by the cloud service providers. Security of the logs is a crucial issue as the logs can be tampered accidentally or intentionally by an employee in the cloud service provider’s organization or by the forensic investigator, thus maligning the evidence in case a cyber-crime is committed through the cloud service provider’s infrastructure. The malicious attacker can also conspire with the cloud service provider or the forensic investigator to erase or malign the logs that are generated for one’s own criminal activity. To address such issues, a method is recommended which verifies the tampering of the virtual instance logs; Verification process confirms that the confidentiality and integrity of the logs remains intact.
Digital Literacy in Virtual History Learning at SMA Negeri 1 Bandar Lampung

This study aims to determine the digital literacy skills of virtual learning history teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Bandar Lampung. The method used in this study is a descriptive method, the informants who are used as objects of research are history education teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Bandar Lampung. Collecting data using interview techniques, observation, documentation and questionnaires or questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis techniques with reference to the theory of milles and Huber man consist of data collection, data condentition, data display, and conclusion drawing . The results of this study indicate that the digital literacy skills of one of the educational staff, namely the teacher, are indeed very important in the world of education in order to support such an education. Digital literacy is very much needed in the world of education and is very much needed by teachers to make all their work easier and can be managed and utilized as well as possible. This study looks at four digital literacy competencies items, namely internet searching, hypertext navigation, content evaluation , and knowledge assembly
Proposal for a new model of transformative agreements: A smooth transition from subscriptions to APCs

A new transformative model is needed because existing models as Publish & Read and Read & Publish do not best serve the needs of libraries and publishers in transforming their acquisition budgets and revenues, respectively, from subscriptions to APCs. Particularly the Publish & Read model has unfavorable features regarding coordination costs, disruptive workflow adjustments, and timing. This discussion paper assesses the P&R and the R&P transformative models and proposes an alternative model, which is responsive to the progress in open-access transition.
A Modified Wellner’s based Binarization on Ancient Malayalam Documents

Preservation of precious knowledge present in Malayalam literature is a tedious task because of the presence of a huge amount of degradations in historical documents. One way to save these documents is to enhance the Malayalam manuscripts and storing them electronically. Here we are using historical Malayalam documents like poems, agreement copies and palm leaves as experimental dataset. In our proposed work is a novel binarization model which is based on modified Wellner’s algorithm. The degraded input image is converted into an integral image and then a modified version of Wellner’s algorithm is applied to it. This would enable us to enhance the document and further proceed with remaining phases of OCR. In binarization mainly we are focusing on the challenges from degraded documents like Non-uniform Background Illumination, Stains, bleed through etc. In our work we are developing a model which effectively binarizes the degraded Malayalam documents, especially the challenges like oil stain, smudge, and uneven illuminations. Finally, we will be able to validate and check the accuracy of the proposed model effectively. The proposed algorithm yielded an accuracy of 92%.
Hate Speech and Caucasian Nationalism in Western Democracies: Flashing Light on the Invisible Ghost

This article describes the sociology of hate speech, contending that hate speech is a by-product of racism that dominates our world when homo sapiens occupy the universe. It analyzes ideas of national space by some race thinkers and points to contemporary media as the foremost promoter of Caucasian nationalism worldwide. The article shows how social media data and IT platforms advance anti-other sentiments and a particular egocentric pro-nationalist agenda among Caucasian groups in the Global North, especially Germany and America. Convinced by Sigmund Freud's argument that human behavior is motivated by unconscious conflicts almost always aggressive. The principles of reverse psychology and group communication explain how the media frames persons with different racial, ethnic, sexual, gender, or ethnic configurations. Presenting hate speech as a threat to world peace and demonstrating that counter speech is a better way of blocking hate speech's dignitarian harm [1], the paper identifies global efforts to curb hate speech and shows how media firms and governments can control hate speech.
Skillfully Use of Model Construction in High School Biology Teaching to Cultivate Scientific Thinking

The content of high school biology is relatively abstract, making it difficult for students to learn, which reduces their interest in learning.Using model teaching can turn abstract into concrete, stimulate students' interest, and cultivate students' thinking.This article mainly uses the method of constructing models, using conceptual models, mathematical models and physical models to cultivate students' scientific thinking, and further improve students' core literacy of biology.