Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Privacy Preservation Techniques for Sequential Data Releasing

Privacy violation is a serious issue that must be considered when datasets are released for public use. To address this issue, a well-known privacy preservation model, l-Diversity, is proposed. Unfortunately, l-Diversity is generally proposed to address privacy violation issues in datasets that are focused on performing one-time data releasing. For this reason, l-Diversity could be inadequate to preserve the privacy data if datasets are dynamic and released at all times. To rid this vulnerability of l-Diversity, a new privacy preservation model for sequential data releasing to be proposed in this work, so called as ε-Error and l-Diversity. Aside from privacy preservation constraints, the complexity and the data utility are also maintained in the privacy preservation constraint of the proposed model.
Nonparametric Estimations and the Diffeological Fisher Metric

In this paper, first, we survey the concept of diffeological Fisher metric and its naturality, using functorial language of probabilistic morphisms, and slightly extending Lê’s theory in [Le2020] to include weakly $$C^k$$ -diffeological statistical models. Then we introduce the resulting notions of the diffeological Fisher distance, the diffeological Hausdorff–Jeffrey measure and explain their role in classical and Bayesian nonparametric estimation problems in statistics.
Study on the Improvement of Debate Education in University Considering Prior Experience Before College

This research starts from recognizing the fact that a new direction is necessary in order to operate the basic liberal arts debate curriculum. The data has been empirically analyzed through online surveys - from January to February, 2021. 220 students used critical thinking skills in a debate class. Based on these findings, this research paper tries to discover areas for improvement when it comes to critical thinking in debate class. It does so by comparing the debate experiences of the students before and after they have engaged in debate education at university.&lt;/br/&gt;The research shows that students thought that current critical thinking and debate class had educational effects to some degree, regardless of whether or not they had good or bad experiences with debating before entering university. Rather than merely acquiring knowledge, students wanted to develop capabilities like critical thinking, problem solving, and practical utilization through the debate class activities. Furthermore, we learned that the teaching materials need to be supplemented with practically available theory when teaching students real debate techniques.&lt;br/&gt;Thus, this research emphasized the fact that debate education should be connected with the education undertaken by the students before they entered university. Also, learner-centered competency training should be done in the classroom in order to move forward to practical education, which can be applicable to real life.
Applications of Blockchain in Various Domains

The enthusiasm for blockchain innovation has been expanding since the thought was authored in 2008. Blockchain refers to the system where records of transactions made in cryptocurrency are maintained. The reason behind the eagerness for blockchain is its key credits that give safety, ambiguity, and information uprightness with no third-party organization in charge of the exchanges, and thus it makes bewitching exploration zones, especially from the view point of exclusive difficulties and limitations. In this chapter, we have led a conscious planning concentrate with the sole purpose of collecting all the important developments on blockchain innovation. The primary goal of this chapter is to comprehend the momentum research points, identifying difficulties in the existing system and future headings with respect to innovations in blockchain from the specialized viewpoint. Results indicate that 80% of the papers focus on the framework and 20% focus on the applications which include agreements and authorizing. Most of the exploration is focusing in on uncovering and improving hindrance of blockchain from protection and safety viewpoints, and yet a large number of the proposed arrangements need solid assessment on their viability. Many other blockchain-related difficulties including throughput and inactivity have been left unstudied. Based on this research, proposals on future exploration and improvements in the existing system are also suggested in this chapter.
Android Application Development Based Tourist Guiding Mobile Application Using Java &amp; XML Coding

The proposed model in this paper is a Tourist Guiding Mobile Application which is based on the Android Application Development Technology. The application is designed in an offline mode. It uses the advance coding of Java and JavaScript. The idea behind making this project is to provide a single interacting platform where tourists can access all the information related to their tourist spot by just a single click. It is designed in an offline mode so that if by chance there is network connectivity problem, then users will be able to access all the information without the use of Internet connectivity. In this Tourist Guiding Mobile Application, we have tried to build up speaking bot without the use of any Machine Language, which can directly work on the inputs provided by the users and yields the required outputs. At the backend coding, we have interfaced java instruction with the xml coding so that we can implement chatting bots and speaking bots together in just a single application. The application is cost effective, as there is no need of making any kind of payments to access any information on the application. The application contains the set of authorized data about the description of the tourist spot, First Aid Remedies that one often needs during travelling, all the nearest Railways and Airports, Traditional Food and the nearest Hospitals for the emergency cases. The application is all set to work on Google Play App Store.
Assessment of the Effects of Blockchain Based Protection in Network Performance

Abstract Blockchain is popular as the distributed directory under Blockchain, which safeguards the transaction history in a completely linked network of peers. For double-dollar secrecy, a Bitcoin transaction is only called irrevocable after it’s on the blockchain, a chain comprising at least six mined blocks — shortly, “six confirmations.” In addition to the usage of blockchain technologies for securing funding, the Internet of Things and the ad hoc vehicle network are now paired with other new technologies (VANET). Nevertheless, these modern apps could have relatively poor Internet access because of the integration of handheld devices that may be placed outside network networks. This paper discusses the influence of latency on forking actions by blockchain and potential breaches of the above six transaction acceptance confirmations convention. We simplify the data structure of blockchain and prevent detailed calculations needed for proof of operating to speed up our simulations (Pow). By simulating, we prove that the convention of six confirmations is vulnerable to the latency of the peer-to-peer system besides also illustrate how easy it is disrupted by simpler mine-mining problems. It is not shocking that the lateness of the underlying peer-to-peer network has seriously impacted the tempo at which all nodes converge in the blockchain. It is also seen to the degree nodes with more regular Internet access will benefit unfairly from proof-of-work mining benefits. We therefore propose to track fairness with heterogeneous latency profiles across nodes, which can prohibit any nodes from being miners.
Quality Assessments of Standard Video Compression Techniques Applied to Hyperspectral Data Cubes

With a satellite-borne low-cost Hyper Spectral Imager (HSI) a large - target area can be imaged. HSIs can detect oceanic phenomena e.g. algal distribution and environmental spills, enabling quicker reactions by authorities. The HSI provides spatially resolved spectral information. The resultant datasets are large, and the capacity to transmit data to the ground is severely limited. To reduce the size of the dataset, compression is required. Various freely available compression algorithms exist. In this paper, algorithms are assessed for their suitability for this application. Uncompressed reference datasets from the HSI are compressed with the H.263, H.264, and H.265 algorithms, varying the Quantization Parameter (QP). The compressed datasets are compared to the original data using several tests. H.263 and H.264 perform the spectral tests poorly, but H.265 (QP=30) passes the spectral tests. Moreover, H.265 achieves the best balance between quality and data reduction and is recommended for the satellite-borne HSI.
Cultural behaviors analysis in video sequences

In this paper, we investigate the cultural aspects of different populations from video sequences. For that, we proposed a model that considers a series of characteristics of the pedestrians and the crowd, such as distances and speeds and performs the mapping of these characteristics in personalities, emotions, and cultural aspects. The model called Big4GD consists of four dimensions of geometric characteristics and seeks to describe the behavior of pedestrians and groups in the crowd. We performed a study of group behavior in a controlled experiment and focused on differences in two attributes that vary across cultures: (walking speed and personal distance) in three countries (India, Brazil, and Germany). We use the Fundamental Diagram theory that determines the relationship between the density and speed of individuals. We use Computer Vision methods to detect and track individuals through video sequences by generating their positions and speeds as a function of time. With these data, we analyze emergent walking speeds and densities while considering the personal distance of each individual and the neighbor in front of him/her. Our results show that human behavior is more similar in highly dense populations, i.e., individuals behave like a mass when presented with limited free personal space. The opposite result is also relevant: cultural differences can be observed at low and moderate densities, and such assumptions can be applied to computational interfaces and simulations, games, and movies. Besides, we present GeoMind, a software we developed to detect a series of characteristics from pedestrians. We also performed a practical case-study using GeoMind focusing on event detection in video sequences.
Different Types of Attacks and Performance Evaluation Factors in Digital Audio Watermarking

The 21st century is the digital world, the utilization of digital information like multimedia that contains image, audio and video is massively expanding because of the progression in innovation and web transformation. With this headway to achieve the one's proprietorship and copyrights for this advanced information is the greatest test. Digital watermarking is one of the procedures to accomplish one's proprietorship and copyrights with safely and securely. Digital watermarking is the strategy in which the proprietor's copyright data can be installed into the original media either as an image, audio or video. There are two fundamental components we have to consider for this digital audio watermarking to get the high robustness and also imperceptibility against the piracy, malevolent assaults, and different kind of transformation attacks. Despite the fact that there are numerous difficulties to accomplish these outcomes, in this paper, our proposed audio watermarking system is utilized to enhance the robustness, reliability and imperceptibility of the embedded data with security. For Security, in our proposed work we are utilizing DSSS encryption algorithm and some vital transformation techniques utilized that are DWT (Discreet Wavelet Transformation) up to 4-level to get most reduced frequency sub-band and after that DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) is applied to get least frequency component from sub-band found by DWT in which the alterations are done and after that SVD (Singular esteem Decomposition)is used to it, so unique audio document does not have any effect of watermark bits to improve robustness and imperceptibility. This algorithm is implemented in MATLAB software that is used for numerical computation and data analysis. The GUI is presented in this paper for audio watermarking with different calculations.
NEW TYPES OF SETS IN CECH CLOSURE SPACES

In this paper, we analysis and introduce the concepts of regular closed (open) sets and regular generalized closed (open) sets in Cech closure spaces. Also, we investigate the properties such as intersection, union, subspaces of regular generalized closed (open) sets of a Cech closure spaces. Moreover, by giving counter examples of one-sided theorems, it has been shown that the converse situation is not realized.
Pass-As-You-Go: A Direct Anonymous Attestation-Based Untraceable Contactless Transit Pass

The secure deployment of NFC-enabled digital services, such as electronic payment, electronic identification (eID), and mobile transit passes in public transportation, is enabled by the trusted execution environment in smartphones, namely the SIM card. A user’s authentication and identification credentials are stored in the SIM card, which provides a secure enclave for credential storage and secure authentication operations. The unique identifier assigned to each user leads to important privacy concerns. Indeed, in the case of mobile transit passes, the accountability of users to use a valid and unique transport pass should not undermine the privacy of commuters on the network, notably by disclosing their identities at each pass validation, or by revealing information on their personal mobility patterns. In this paper, we leverage the use of provably secure and privacy-enhancing cryptographic schemes to build a privacy-preserving mobile transit pass protocol. Notably, we introduce a novel and highly efficient Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) scheme as the building block of our construction. Direct Anonymous Attestation is a group signature variant, which enables members of a particular group to anonymously sign on behalf of the group. As opposed to group signatures, the anonymity of DAA signatures cannot be revoked. In addition signatures generated by the same signer can be linked with respect to a linkability parameter. Our construction is an instantiation of a DAA variant, namely pre-DAA, which can be implemented in environments as constrained as SIM cards. We prove the security of our pre-DAA scheme in the random oracle model (ROM), under a variant of the non-interactive q—Strong Diffie-Hellman (q—SDH ) assumption. Our pre-DAA scheme, which is of independent interest, is used to design Pass-As-You-Go (PAYGO), an efficient and privacy-preserving mobile transit pass protocol. We prove the efficiency of our protocol by implementing the solution on a Global Platform-compliant Java card 2.2.2 SIM card. The performance results notably show that PAYGO complies with the stringent timing requirements put forth by Transport Operators for pass validation at station terminals.
The Copyright Conundrum - Who is the Author of a Work Produced by Artificial Intelligence?

The fourth Industrial Revolution i.e. the exponential advancement of technology is rapidly shaping the way we live, interact and relate to one another. Few of such technologies are Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, Augmented and Virtual Reality, and Blockchain. Unfortunately, the law, more often than not, fails to keep pace with the technological advancements resulting in legal lacunae. In this paper, the author seeks to answer one such lacuna i.e. who is the author of a work produced by Artificial Intelligence? In Part I of the paper, the author examines whether such work falls under the Indian copyright law. Part II of this paper will discuss the various plausible authors of such work and the paper finally concludes by emphasising the importance of an amendment to the existing copyright framework resolving this issue.
Pathways to legal dynamics in robotics

Normative concepts can play a crucial role in modelling the behaviour and interaction of artificial agents. Investigations are still relatively underdeveloped in robotics while interesting ideas come from related fields, such as multi-agent systems (MAS).
A study on Email Topic Identification using Latent Dirichlet Allocation integrated with Visual Attention

Email is the most standard documentation tool for communication. Although existing studies use the topic model to support users for classifying emails, they disregard that human is not like a machine can focus on all the words in an email to determine the distribution of email topics. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model forms a basis for inferring topics; our work aims to discover how each word's visual attention influences the topic inference and estimates attention to a word according to its location features. By reviewing the visual-spatial research and the state-of-the-art visual attention models, we select the Bayesian Models to estimate attention and proposing a novel model-Attention orientation Latent Dirichlet Allocation model (AttLDA). We proposed the AttLDA to effectively extract the email topics to improve email message management performance, and it can be considered a feature for settling further tasks.
Tracing the invisible: information fiduciaries and the pandemic

Predictive data technology designed to contain the COVID-19 pandemic was not as successful as promised. Data-centric solutions to providing testing and tracing did little to limit the virus's spread in part because they served only the most visible parts of society. This Article argues for more robust solutions to protect individuals' privacy - whether those individuals are currently visible or invisible to pandemic technology - if pandemic technology is to provide the universal coverage necessary for a public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. First, we contend that current pandemic data technology operates under rigid technical and social assumptions that thwart participation from all population groups. Second, we demonstrate that the organizations associated with pandemic data technology have financial incentives that could be in opposition to protecting anyone susceptible to the virus. Third, we consider how the need for someone to protect data to allow for medically necessary access to data could be an onramp for a pilot implementation of legal theory on information fiduciaries. Finally, we offer two tangible policy suggestions: conflict-of-interest notices released as open data and a public health fiduciary that has legal responsibility to protect data relevant to epidemiological outbreaks. A public health fiduciary working in the public interest would be more likely to gather sufficiently accurate data than would a fiduciary working within the organizations collecting data themselves. Technology has a vital role to play in managing the pandemic, but in the hands of some organizations, it may encourage behavior that counters public health goals. Trusted data technology solutions in conjunction with predictive epidemiology models could contribute to reducing the spread of the virus more holistically and with fewer privacy-related consequences.
Mood Relief Game Design Based on Leap Motion and Unity3D

Anxiety disorder and autism caused by increasing social pressure have been plagued by adults and children. Therefore, this article proposes a design method for emotion relief games based on Leap Motion and Unity3D. Firstly, use 3Dmax to make personalized virtual elements; secondly, extract the key of the hand based on the gesture coordinates and direction information captured by Leap Motion; finally, combine the Unity3D development environment to complete the gesture recognition and drive the virtual hand to achieve the pressure effect of gesture hitting the virtual element. This has important practical significance for the rehabilitation of anxiety and autism.
Learning a Loop with a parameter in the Pascal programming language: a distance lesson in Zoom

The article discusses the main features of the organization of a distance lesson on the theme "A loop with a parameter in the Pascal programming language". The Zoom program is chosen as a tool for organizing distance interaction with students. The article shows how all the stages of the lesson of discovering new knowledge, acquiring new skills can be implemented in the conditions of distance interaction through Zoom. The main features of Zoom, which are advisable to use when conducting an online class, are considered. There are materials to support the lesson, such as a presentation on the theme "A loop with a parameter in the Pascal programming language", a Google form for conducting a survey, and a form for organizing reflection. Examples of tasks for each stage of the distance lesson are given.
A new type of intelligent solar tracking bracket

With the rapid development of society and economy, many problems including environmental destruction and energy shortage have been revealed. It is inevitable to replace fossil fuels by developing new energy sources such as solar energy and so on. The key is how to maximize the solar energy since the utilization and storage of it are very limited. Here, an intelligent and feasible solar tracking device is designed to target this puzzle by rotating freely in two-dimension. Availability of solar energy has been improved by collecting solar continually at optimum angle in our device.
A Conceptual Model for Hybrid Adaptive Instructional and Assessment Systems

Adaptive instructional systems (AIS) hold great promise for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of educational systems due to their ability to tailor instruction to the specific needs of learners. In addition, because AIS necessarily elicit evidence of learning from students to drive adaptive decisions, there has long been interest in mining data from these systems for broader assessment purposes such as program evaluation and policy making. Recently, this desire was accelerated by the novel Coronavirus pandemic. It became difficult and in some cases impossible to bring groups of students together to take standardized assessments capable of providing comparable data points suitable for aggregation at district and state levels. Simultaneously, online AIS became a part of daily instruction for many students. This paper examines theories of change that have been proposed for AIS and theories of change commonly associated with assessment and accountability in K-12 education in the United States. It then proposes a conceptual model for hybrid adaptive instructional and assessment systems (AIAS) with the unique contribution of explicitly representing the role of the AIS within the broader assessment eco-system. Finally, the paper reflects on research that will be necessary to realize the benefits of the hybrid AIAS.
Virtual Reality Considerations for Curriculum Development and Online Instruction

For virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) to become effective learning modalities, they must be considered in the context of experiential or constructivist learning which could disrupt traditional instructional and educational practices given their interactive quality. How might educators assess these applications and their implementation to determine their learning potential for online instruction? By applying the studio thinking framework (STF) and the presence pedagogy (P2) model, unique insights may be gained in terms of virtual reality's value to the learning process. Current research shows many similarities between the skills taught in studio art classes and opportunities to learn the same skills in virtual educational applications, while the P2 model has demonstrated its effectiveness in applying pedagogical strategies to collaborative VR environments. Tactics to prepare, apply, assess, and evaluate (PAAE) this technology in educational programs for teachers and school leaders provide a guide for implementation.