Code-Switching and Code-Mixing by Male and Female Users of WhatsApp

Key Words : Code-Switching, code-mixing, chatting room, WhatsApp, Male, Female. WhatsApp is one of the social media which is categorized as CMC (Computer Mediated Communication) and the users are categorized as bilingual, by which code-switching and code-mixing may occur as the CMC language. This study aims at analyzing the code-switching and code-mixing by Indonesian male and female users getting engaged in verbal communication Indonesian and occasionally using English. This study is to find out the difference codes uses among male and female in WhatsApp as a written text, as CMC (Computer Mediated Communication) type. The data of this study were taken from male and female chat threads, around 20 to 25 years old. The male and female users are chosen randomly. Since the required data have to be natural, the topic of the chat is not determined. Either to educational background, was not required in this research due to the aim of this research is to see how the gender and language, male and female language, the English language used in their CMC, and the classification of it as code-mixing and code-switching. The data were analyzed on the code-switching and code-mixing classification. The code-switch classifications are based on the types, such as intra-sentential switches, inter-sentential switches, establishing continuity switches, and emblematic switching by using a table. Furthermore, the code-mixing classifications are based on the types, such as insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. As for the findings, female participants do code-switching more often than male participants. As an illustration, male participants code-switch 29 times, while female participants code-switch 61 times. Moreover, females also have a high number in using code-mixing in delivering their messages. Both male and female Indonesian participants use more insertion rather than alternation or congruent lexicalization. In fact, the number of insertion occurrences is significantly higher than the two other types, 64% among male users and 68% among female users. In the discussion section, this analyzing demonstrated that female participants have a strong tendency to using code-switching than male participants. Furthermore, female participants also have a high number of using code-mixing in delivering their messages than male participants. This study has revealed that gender differences in code-switching and code-mixing concerning the set of language background. In short, the code-switching and code-mixing are used to make the message simpler and understandable, for instance stating some word in English rather than Bahasa Indonesia. Moreover, they are also used to make the sentence more hype, understandable and enjoyable to by the reader. Code-switch might happen for reminding of a statement, making the conversation run a line, and creating a new sense. On the contrary, code-mixing is used when English terms are more readily comprehensible than Indonesian terms are. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:Table Normal;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;line-height:107%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}