Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Flashproofs: Efficient Zero-Knowledge Arguments of Range and Polynomial Evaluation with Transparent Setup

We propose Flashproofs, a new type of efficient special honest verifier zero-knowledge arguments with a transparent setup in the discrete logarithm (DL) setting. First, we put forth gas-efficient range arguments that achieve $$O(N^{\frac{2}{3}})$$ communication cost, and involve $$O(N^{\frac{2}{3}})$$ group exponentiations for verification and a slightly sub-linear number of group exponentiations for proving with respect to the range $$[0, 2^N-1]$$ , where N is the bit length of the range. For typical confidential transactions on blockchain platforms supporting smart contracts, verifying our range arguments consumes only 237K and 318K gas for 32-bit and 64-bit ranges, which are comparable to 220K gas incurred by verifying the most efficient zkSNARK with a trusted setup (EUROCRYPT ’ 16) at present. Besides, the aggregation of multiple arguments can yield further efficiency improvement. Second, we present polynomial evaluation arguments based on the techniques of Bayer & Groth (EUROCRYPT ’ 13). We provide two zero-knowledge arguments, which are optimised for lower-degree ( $$D \in [3, 2^9]$$ ) and higher-degree ( $$D > 2^9$$ ) polynomials, where D is the polynomial degree. Our arguments yield a non-trivial improvement in the overall efficiency. Notably, the number of group exponentiations for proving drops from $$8\log D$$ to $$3(\log D+\sqrt{\log D})$$ . The communication cost and the number of group exponentiations for verification decrease from $$7\log D$$ to $$(\log D + 3\sqrt{\log D})$$ . To the best of our knowledge, our arguments instantiate the most communication-efficient arguments of membership and non-membership in the DL setting among those not requiring trusted setups. More importantly, our techniques enable a significantly asymptotic improvement in the efficiency of communication and verification (group exponentiations) from $$O(\log D)$$ to $$O(\sqrt{\log D})$$ when multiple arguments satisfying different polynomials with the same degree and inputs are aggregated.
Design of foreign language Teaching evaluation Model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Teaching evaluation is one of the most important links in foreign language teaching and plays an important role in the improvement of teaching quality and teaching effect. This paper explores the evaluation system of online + offline hybrid teaching mode, and constructs an evaluation model of foreign language teaching based on AHP. Taking the course "Basic Japanese" on the Superstar learning Platform as an example, the quantitative indicators of the model are designed, including the primary and secondary indicators of formative evaluation and summative evaluation. The weight of indicators at all levels is analyzed through questionnaire data collection, and finally the feasibility of the model is verified in combination with the course practice.
Overview of Stan

We will introduce probabilistic programming languages and Stan. We will explain the basic grammar of Stan, with the focuses on block structures, probabilistic generation, and for loop statement. We also give suggestions on the coding styles.
The Model of Listening CEFR-Based Test Specification for Higher Education

The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for Languages offers a prevalent underpinning for the development of languages syllabuses, curriculum guidelines, assessments, and textbooks. This research aimed to design appropriate CEFR-based for languages English listening test specifications for S1 English Study Program. Descriptive qualitative interpretative was used as research design of this research. The data of this research consisted of the curriculum of English language education program which focused on listening courses of 5 universities in Jakarta. The data showed English language competence or ability for undergraduate graduates of English language study programs and abilities based on CEFR. The result showed that the five universities have the level of CEFR in A1 (9,7%), A2 (11%), B1 (7,3%), B2 (8,6%), C1 (5,9%), and C2 (0%) of CEFR levels. The result is a basis for the writer to design English listening test specifications that range from A1 to C1 alienated into Basic Listening, Intermediate Listening, and Advanced Listening. Based on that, the proposed test specifications were created. The writer adapts IELTS as the standardized test to determine the number of sections, question types, number of items, and time allocation.
critical analysis of e-banking frauds and laws in India

The present era is the age of science and technology. Information communication and technology has a great contribution to society. It has contributed to all spheres of society. The banking field is no exception to it. Just because of e-banking, money can be transferred at any time without waiting for the opening of banks. E-banking is therefore quite speedy and convenient. However, there is a drawback to online banking. It isn't completely safe. A significant sum of money is moved illegally through e-banking scams. A poor ordinary man makes great efforts to save money for emergency situations, but e-banking fraudsters employ every malfeasance to make money quickly and steal from the poor. There are laws in place to regulate it. True evidence of it may be found in the Information Technology Act of 2000. In addition to that, the Reserve bank also promptly releases instructions in this respect. In order to address these serious concerns, a separate complaint cell has been developed. However, it has been shown that these offences are becoming worse every day. Therefore, it is important to research it and identify a workable solution to this problem.
Enhancing Young Adult Literature to Improve Reading Ability

Reading is the manner of grasping the content of a paragraph of text. Nonetheless, some students are fighting to strengthen reading comprehension. This study proposed to confirm whether Young Adult literature improved students’ reading ability in narrative text. The design of that research was used quasi-experimental. Participants were eight grade students of SMP N 1 Inderalaya Selatan Ogan Ilir South Sumatera. The instrument used was a written test that included 25 questions in multiple-choice form. T-test was used to examine the data. Independent samples t-test analysis revealed that pvalue (0.001) was lower than άvalue (0.05). This study was indicated that learners who were encouraged to read narrative literature through Young Adult Literature improved significantly. In conclusion, the students improved their reading ability better by reading extensively through Young Adult Literature.
Individual and group behavior-based customer Product recommendation to designing information systems SPSS statistics

Product recommendation we propose a bound together item implanted portrayal improved for the undertaking of recovery based item suggestion.To this end, we acquaint another way with consolidate methodology explicit item embeddings into a composite item inserting to improve both literary portrayals and pictures and item satisfied data, for example, item composite sifting signal.By presenting a combination step toward the finish of our engineering, we can prepare every technique independently, permitting us to have a measured design that is positive in certifiable suggestion organizations.This has expanded the interest for reference frameworks like never before.Recommender frameworks are data separating frameworks that arrangement with the issue of data over-burden by sifting key snippets of data from progressively created data in light of a client's inclinations, interest, or noticed conduct about a thing.A suggestion framework can foresee regardless of whether a specific client will like an item founded on the client's profile.SPSS statistics is a information the board, progressed examination, multivariate investigation, business knowledge, and criminal examination created by IBM for a statistical software package.A long time, spa inc.was created by, IBM purchased it in 2009.The logo name for the most recent variations is IBM SPSS facts.Independent variables, Dependent variables, Major areas, Major findings.The Cronbach's Alpha Dependability result.The generally speaking Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is .450which indicates 45 % reliability.From the literature review, the above 14 % Cronbach's Alpha value model can be considered for analysis.the outcome of Cronbach's Alpha Reliability.The model's total Cronbach's Alpha score is .450which denotes a 45 % dependability level the 41 % Cronbach's Alpha value model mentioned above from the literature review may be used for Analysis?
THE EFFECT OF DISCUSSION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

This study was intended to find out the effect of using Discussion Method on students reading comprehension. The population of this study was the second semester students of Indonesia Prima University, Medan, academic year 2019/2020 with four parallel classes, there are 120 students totally. The sample of the research was two classes, which were selected by using cluster random sampling technique, the total were 60 students. The sample was divided into two groups; the first group is 30 students, Morning A Class, which was the experimental group. The second group is 30 students, Morning B Class, which was the control group. The experimental group was taught by using discussion method while control group was taught without discussion method. The instrument used for collecting the data was test in the form of multiple choices with the total number of 20 questions. The tests were divided into two; pre-test and post-test. The reliability of the test was 0.93. After the data had been collected, they were analyzed by using t-test formula in order to see whether the discussion method significantly affects students reading comprehension. The result of the analysis showed that the t- observed 2.07, it was higher than the t-table 1, 67 with the level of significant 0, 05 and the degree of freedom (df) 58. The result of the analysis showed that the hypothesis of the study was accepted. It was concluded that discussion method significantly affects students reading comprehension.
Retraction: The Exploration and Countermeasures of University Education Management Model Based on Big Data Technology (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1881 022099)

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that this article may contain nonsensical content and unreliable references [1]. IOP Publishing has investigated in line with the COPE guidelines and have found the article contains a nonsensical figure which has no significant relevance to the text and agree this article should be retracted [2]. The authors neither agree nor disagree to this retraction. [1] https://pubpeer.com/publications/93A8664F620CB315D72B819613BCEE [2] Feng Zhou 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1881 022099 Retraction published: 07 February 2023
Workshop Pemanfaatan Internet untuk Sumber Belajar Bahasa Inggris dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru SD Di Kecamatan Danau Teluk Kota Jambi

The need to apply science and technology is becoming an increasingly important need. For educators, the need for mastery of technology is something that must be mastered to support the learning process. The aim of this program is to equip elementary school teachers with mastery of using the Internet to facilitate the search for English learning resources and to introduce and deepen their knowledge of English learning aid sites to improve teacher performance. There are five stages in implementing a community service program to find English learning resources in Internet Usage Seminars: Introduction Stage, Social and Audience Stage, Development Stage, Internet usage training and final assessment stage. The conference lasted for two days. The first day of activity is in the form of material procurement. The second day focused on Internet usage practices. The results of measuring the satisfaction of the training participants showed that almost all participants were satisfied with the training they attended. Meanwhile, the results of the effectiveness measurement show that the training is effective and has an impact on the participants.
Earthquake Distribution and Crustal Seismic Wave Velocity Based on Machine Learning

It is of great significance to accurately pick up the first arrival of P wave and S wave for the accurate location of earthquakes and the explanation of seismogenic mechanism.This paper focuses on the analysis of seismic distribution and seismic wave velocity of the bottom shell based on machine learning.In this paper, convolutional neural network is used to pick up seismic P and S waves when they first arrive.Compared with the traditional STA/LTA, the convolutional neural network method does not manually set thresholds and manually select feature functions, but only relies on convolutional neural network to automatically extract waveform features, and the model has good generalization.The research results of this paper can provide a new idea for picking up P and S waves at their first arrival in the future, so as to pick up P and S waves at their first arrival more accurately, and it is expected to provide technical support for the location of earthquakes and the explanation of seismogenic mechanism of earthquakes.
Filtering Spam Messages Based on Improved Naive Bayesian Algorithm

The relative lack of system and supervision has caused many negative impacts on the "black industry" around wireless communication, such as the spam messages of mobile phones, which have always troubled people's lives.This paper focuses on the research of spam short message filtering based on the improved naive Bayes algorithm.This paper introduces the background of spam short message, and summarizes the status quo of spam short message filtering technology and filtering system construction at home and abroad.The intelligent filtering technology is optimized, and a new algorithm combining Bayesian network classification algorithm with artificial intelligence algorithm is used to filter junk short messages.The final experimental results show that the improved naive Bayesian short message filtering method proposed in this paper can improve the accuracy, recall and overall efficiency of short message filtering, while the filtering efficiency also increases with the expansion of the cluster size.
Chemical Heart

Scientists and farmers were excited about all the new agri-biotech developments in understanding and changing the way plants could work for us. So were the corporations, who thought they could actually get on the bandwagon and harness some of the new genetics to increase their market share and asymptote towards world domination. My real task in this chapter is to develop and thrash out the hypothesis that the major life science companies are, at the heart of things, chemical companies. Chemical companies who view the world in a chemical mind set. There is nothing intrinsically wrong with taking a chemical approach to understanding a lot of the things that happen in the bio-physical world. I hark back to Chapter 1 – almost everything that happens in our body is a complex set of chemical reactions. Without the beauty of redox reactions we would have no biological energy in our cells.
Wearable sensor network for lower limb angle estimation in robotics applications

In human-robot interaction, sensors are relevant in guaranteeing stability and high performance in real-time applications. Nonetheless, accuracy and portable sensors for robots usually have high costs and little flexibility to process signals with free software. Therefore, we propose a wearable sensor network to measure lower limb angular position in human-robot interaction systems. The methodology employed to achieve the aim consisted in implementing a wireless network using low-cost devices, verifying design requirements, and making a validation via a proof of concept. The requirements to design the network include low loss of information, real-time communication, and sensor fusion to estimate the angular position using a gyroscope and accelerometer. Hence, the sensor network developed has a client-server architecture based on ESP8266 microcontrollers. In addition, this network uses the standard 802.11 b/g/n to transmit angular velocity and acceleration measures. Furthermore, we implement the user datagram protocol (UDP) protocol to operate in real-time with a sample time of 10 ms. Finally, we implement a proof of concept to show the system’s effectiveness. Thus, we use the Kalman filter to estimate the angular position of the foot, shin, thigh, and hip. Results indicate that the implemented sensor network is suitable for real-time robotic applications.
Development of electrocardiogram intelligent and wearable monitoring system-assisting in care

&lt;p&gt;The primary factor contributing to the high mortality rate in our country is coronary heart disease, which affects almost 50% of people from rural regions. Internet of things (IoT) contributes effectively to the development of point of care (POC) gadgets that support the medical upkeep of an expanding agricultural population. An electrocardiogram test is crucial for analysing cardiac disorders. Therefore, we must develop a POC piece of hardware to assess the health of the heart in an affordable manner and to design it for the patients without interfering with their daily regular procedure in order to monitor the patient's coronary heart disease. As a result, we must design an uninterrupted workbench, which consists of three main integrated parts. The first is a mobile Bluetooth low energy device that has 5-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) surveillance equipment and the smallest form factor. The smart phone Android application that inherits, resolves, and maps the data sent from the ECG device comes next. The patient's information and report details are then compiled on a cloud server for the doctor's future attribution needs.&lt;/p&gt;
Generalized theme dictionary models for association pattern discovery

Discovering association patterns of items from a collection of baskets composed of different items is an important problem in various fields. Assuming that each basket is composed of themes of items randomly sampled from a theme dictionary, the theme dictionary model provides a general framework to achieve efficient association pattern discovery with statistical inference. This paper extends the original theme dictionary model by allowing more than one category of items in a basket and only presence/absence of items is observed for each basket with all quantitative information missing. The extended models can solve a larger range of practical problems that cannot be handled by the original theme dictionary model. Both simulation studies and real data applications confirm the superiority of the proposed methods over the existing ones.
Multimedia Application for Improving Chinese Language Skills for International Students

In the last decade, research on Chinese as a second language teaching and learning has yielded significant advancement through state-of-the-art technology. This paper addresses the major difficulties that students face in recognizing Chinese characters. To solve the problems, the study proposes the online multimedia application for teaching Chinese characters. The needs analysis was conducted beforehand
Charade Game: Does it Impact Students’ Writing Ability?

Modern English instruction must show a developing strategy to motivate and inspire pupils. Introducing games into the teaching and learning process is an option for reducing student boredom. The game of Charade is one alternate teaching strategy that can be used to teach English writing and improve students' writing skills. This study utilized the Charade game as a teaching method for writing. Utilizing a pre-test and post-test, a quasi-experimental research method was implemented. 30 students were assigned to each of the control and experimental groups, for a total of 60. After a series of interventions, students' writing skills were assessed. The outcome of quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS 25. Compared to the control group, the experimental group demonstrates a considerable change and improvement in writing skills. The significant improvement of the experimental group demonstrates the efficacy of the Charade game as a method for teaching writing.
Classroom Education Management Discipline in Mathematics

In order to ensure the smooth implementation of middle school mathematics classroom education management, this study is based on the analysis of problems and influencing factors in middle school mathematics classroom education management, aiming at finding effective measures of classroom education management. This study takes Junior middle school teachers and students as the research objects,
The processing mechanisms of Mandarin wh-questions

Wh-question phrases in Mandarin remain in-situ at their base position (e.g., John bought what?). Although theoretical studies show that there is a covert dependency between the in-situ question word/phrase and SpecCP, little is known how this dependency is evidenced in the processing of Mandarin wh-in-situ questions. In addition, bare Mandarin wh-phrases like shéi 'who' are different from complex ones like nǎge tóngxué 'which classmate', as the former are known as wh-indeterminates, on a par with indefinites (Cheng 1991), while the latter are considered on a par with definites (Rullmann and Beck 1998). To uncover the processing mechanism of wh-in-situ questions, we conducted two self-paced reading studies where we compared their processing behavior with that of their declarative counterparts. Specifically, and due to the claims made in the literature regarding the nature of bare and complex wh-questions, we compared bare wh-questions with declarative counterparts that contained indefinites, and complex wh-questions with declarative counterparts that contained definites. Our findings show that, regardless of their bare or complex nature, wh-questions were in general processed with more cost (i.e., reading delay) than their declarative counterparts, providing evidence that a covert-dependency is built in wh-questions. In particular, based on our results we claim that after reading the core whelement, the parser immediately starts the process of resolving the wh-question interpretation by establishing the covert dependency.
Real Time Image Processing on Object Tracking CNC

Object tracking is one of the main issues in image processing. A real-time CNC is designed and implemented in which the target image is taken using the digital camera every ten milliseconds. After extracting the new position, the target's exact location is sent to the CNC; then, the CNC pen will move to that location and copy the target path. In this project, a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ board is used as the processor and the controlling board, a Raspberry Pi digital camera is the input unit, and the CNC motors and its pen are the output unit. The target is a small dark dot moving on a white surface with the dimensions of 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm. The camera is placed under the surface, so a tiny magnet is used on the surface, which the user can easily displace to move the target. Kinematic analysis of the proposed structure is done using Denavit-Hartenberg parameters. The CNC is programmed in Python and implemented using stepper motors and an output plane. Template Matching TM_CCOEFF_NORMED function of the OpenCV image processing library of Python is used to read and detect the target. Various test results show that the machine is successful both in repeating the patterns created by the user and reproducing the same line without deviation.