Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Basic Selection Semantics

Chapter 5 presents the basic version of a semantics that satisfies the arguments for a modal analysis from Chapter 3 as well as the arguments against quantificational structure from Chapter 4.
Unsupervised paraphrasing via syntactic template sampling

Paraphrase generation is an important natural language-processing task widely used in downstream research, such as machine translation, question answering, and text classification.Recently, some researchers have explored the advantages of paraphrasing based on syntax sampling, generating multiple paraphrases by sampling various syntactic representations from the probabilistic latent space.However, syntactic representations sampled from the posterior distribution always show high similarity and generate low-diversity paraphrases.Besides, syntactic representations sampled from the prior distribution display inferior generation quality as they can hardly match the given semantics.In this paper, we propose method, introduce discrete syntactic template variables, and establish the dependency between semantic and syntactic spaces.Based on the method, we further propose a two-step sampling strategy: first, we sample a discrete syntactic template from its prior distribution to pursue the diversity; then, we obtain the syntactic representation from its posterior distribution to match the semantics.Experiments show that the two-step sampling strategy can effectively combine the advantages of prior sampling and posterior sampling.The proposed method achieves high diversity while keeping a competitive generation quality, thus outperforming the previous unsupervised methods.
Russian mathematical language for foreign students (initial stage). Reading mathematical texts: one and one

The article proposes a study carried out on educational materials developed at the Institute of Russian Language and Culture, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov for foreign students.The variety of use of the "1" sign in different text situations is demonstrated.This shows cases where the word "unit" is used exclusively, and cases where only the word "one" (or "one") is used.
Jointly Multi-Similarity Loss for Deep Metric Learning

Deep metric learning has been widely adopted to construct good representations for images and sentences with pair-based loss functions such as contrastive loss and triplet loss. However, these loss functions restrict the effectiveness of learned embedding and face two critical challenges: 1) high bias on account of a large set of uninformative and redundant pairs; 2) low information exploration due to the lack of processing the relation information among pairs. In this paper, we propose the jointly multi-similarity (JMS) loss to address the above challenges with a novel pair weighting strategy that assigns higher weights to the more informative pairs and discards the less informative ones. Specifically, we integrate the relationship information among pairs into a single framework and optimize the JMS loss by considering various information jointly. Furthermore, we extensively compare the JMS loss with other start-of-the-art approaches by conducting multiple experiments on image retrieval and semantic text similarity tasks. The experimental results show that the JMS loss consistently outperforms competitors.
Цитационные конструкции в живой японской речи: грамматика и прагматика

Based on the data from Japanese personal blogs the paper addresses grammar and pragmatics of the Japanese constructions with the quotative marker to. The aim is twofold: (a) to describe the actual use of quotatives in informal electronic discourse; and (b) to put the Japanese data in the context of the current discussion about the nature of the direct/indirect speech opposition. Japanese is shown to be an intriguing case when it comes to distinguishing direct and indirect reports. First, it lacks standard indexicals typical for languages known as “standard average European”, e.g. there is no personal agreement, first and second personal pronouns are extremely rare, hence, one can rely only on optional indexicals, like benefactives, honorifics or the so called final pragmatic particles. Furthermore, even these optional indexicals may operate controversially within one and the same utterance — some being oriented towards the external narrator (which is typical for pragmatically indirect reports) and other being oriented towards the internal speaker (which is typical for pragmatically direct reports). Second, whatever type of indexicals is used, if at all, the report is marked by the quotative marker (complementizer) to. This also distinguishes Japanese from standard average European languages where complementizers normally introduce only pragmatically indirect reports which constitute an embedded clause. Third, the quotation marks (kagi) are optional for pragmatically direct reports, especially in informal electronic discourse. The kind of data we present supports the approach to reported speech that doesn’t favor either/or decisions, but rather is based on multifactorial analysis that considers the whole range of possible parameters and isolates their observed language-specific clusters.
Persepsi, Motivasi, dan Kinerja Mahasiswa Akuntansi Syariah atas Pembelajaran Berbasis Kasus

The development of the sharia financial industry causes universities to prepare their students. The case-based learning is one way to response to the industry's need for human resources with more skills to be ready for work. Therefore, this study aims to measure the effectiveness of case-based learning as measured by the variables of perception, motivation, and performance. Based on the results of experimental tests conducted on 91 students who were divided into two classes, there were no differences in perceptions, motivations, and learning performance between case-based classes and instructional classes. This could be because case-based learning can be more effective in classes with a smaller number of students and for a longer period of time. In addition, the experience of students in receiving and analyzing previous cases is also an obstacle in the effectiveness of case-based learning. This study also found motivation to be a very important variable in increasing perceptions of skill acquisition and learning performance in case-based learning.
Development of hi-rail vehicle driven on metre-gauge railway/road in Thailand

This research aims to develop a pickup truck to become a hi-rail vehicle that runs on meter gauge railways in Thailand. It is intended to be used for rails maintenance or response times during train derailments and for accessing inaccessible areas via rails in emergency situations. A hi-rail vehicle can travel both on rails and roads. The guide train steel wheels set is designed to have steel wheels running on rails with the vehicle being raised above the rails using a programmable logic controller for hydraulic cylinders. The results of the road test can run at a normal speed of not more than 90 kilometers per hour. The results of the test run on the rails can run at speed of not more than 30 kilometers per hour. There is a vibration of the hi-rail vehicle due to the designed guide train steel wheels set mechanism that can be accepted.
Consideration of Availability and Reliability in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has the potential to usher in a new age of computing in which users can access different computing resources as a commodity and pay only for what they use, rather than investing heavily in IT. The service level agreement (SLA) is a legal arrangement between the service provider and the service customer in cloud computing. The SLA is a structured document specifying the needs of the consumer and the commitment of the provider for such services under conditions, and thus contains a collection of mandatory terms that must be met in order for the services to continue. It guarantees the customer the quality of service (QoS) that will be given, as well as its monitoring and enforcement. However, a fast review of available cloud SLAs reveals that there is no corporate-level agreement on standard SLA for cloud services. Customers also concluded that SLAs of public cloud in their existing formats are of little benefit. This is due to ambiguities in cloud provider SLAs and serious implementation-level problems related to cloud failures. As a result, a proper SLA is required, and an adequately built SLA template will increase customer confidence and enable the cloud to reach its full potential. Most current frameworks are either web service-specific, in progress or lack key aspects of the SLA life cycle such as SLA negotiation. Furthermore, the services offered by web services and those provided by the cloud are vastly different. As a result, current static SLA models can’t handle the variety of cloud applications. Furthermore, it is superficial in the sense that it is restricted to web servers, grid computing and related technologies only, with no regard for cloud computing diversity.
Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Organization of the Community of Teachers (on the Example of Inquiry-Based Learning Implementation)

The paper aims to determine the stages and conditions of the creation of academic communities of university teachers for the introduction of innovative pedagogical technologies, using Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL), to highlight the experience of creating such a community at the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University (BGKU).Researchers have analyzed the organization of professional communities, the impact of their activities on the quality of education and improving the professional level of teachers.The paper contains the research of the practical aspects of the creation and organization of the work of an educational community of teachers, a set of theoretical (analysis and synthesis of Ukrainian and foreign scientific, pedagogical, methodological sources on research issues) and empirical (primary and repeated questioning of teachers of higher education institutions and teachers of secondary education institutions) were the methods used, as well as an analysis of the results obtained.The article demonstrates the impact of teachers` network functioning on teachers' professional activities and implementing IBL in mathematics teaching.It is revealed how participation in the community influences the use of innovative pedagogical methods of teaching mathematics.Teachers from BGKU and other universities were involved in the survey, which had a total of 72 respondents.The survey results were comprehensively analyzed and presented their graph interpretation.This article describes of some theoretical and practical aspects of the development of academic communities of university teachers for the introduction of innovative pedagogical technologies, using IBL at the educational institutions, where the staff work, research and collectively take steps to improve the learning process and research.It is revealed how participation in the community influences the use of innovative pedagogical methods in the teaching of mathematics.
On the Use of 3D CNNs for Video Saliency Modeling

There has been emerging interest recently in three dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a powerful tool to encode spatio-temporal representations in videos, by adding a third temporal dimension to pre-existing 2D CNNs. In this chapter, we discuss the effectiveness of using 3D convolutions to capture the important motion features in the context of video saliency prediction. The method filters the spatio-temporal features across multiple adjacent frames. This cubic convolution could be effectively applied on a dense sequence of frames propagating the previous frames’ information into the current, reflecting processing mechanisms of the human visual system for better saliency prediction. We extensively evaluate the model performance compared to the state-of-the-art video saliency models on both 2D and 360 $$^\circ $$ videos. The architecture can efficiently learn expressive spatio-temporal representations and produce high quality video saliency maps on three large-scale 2D datasets, DHF1K, UCF-SPORTS and DAVIS. Investigations on the 360 $$^\circ $$ Salient360! and datasets show how the approach can generalise.
Kullback-Leibler Divergence of Mixture Autoregressive Random Processes via Extreme-Value-Distributions (EVDs) Noise with Application of the Processes to Climate Change

This paper designs inter-switch autoregressive random processes in a mixture manner with Extreme-Value-Distributions (EVDs) random noises to give EVDs-MAR model. The EVDs-MAR model comprises of Fréchet, Gumbel, and Weibull distributional error terms to form FMA, GMA, and WMA models with their embedded inter-switching transitional weights (wk) , distributional parameters, and autoregressive coefficients . The Kullback-Leibler divergence was used to measure the proximity (D) between finite/ delimited mixture density and infinite mixture density of the EVDs-MAR model with Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm adopted as the parameter estimation technique for the extreme mixture model. The FMA, GMA, and WMA models were subjected to monthly temperature in Celsius (oC) from 1900 to 2020 and annual rainfall in Millimeter (mm) from 1960 to 2020 datasets in Nigeria context.
5 Studies about the design of magnetic bionanocomposite

Magnetic nanocomposites are a class of smart materials that have attracted recent interest as drug delivery systems or as medical implants.A new approach toward the biocompatible nanocomposites suitable for remote melting is presented.It is shown that magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) can be embedded into a matrix of biocompatible thermoplastic dextran esters.For that purpose, fatty acid esters of dextran with adjustable melting points in the range of 30-140 °C were synthesized.Esterification of the polysaccharide by activation of the acid as iminium chlorides guaranteed mild reaction conditions leading to high-quality products as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as well as by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).A method for the preparation of magnetically responsive bionanocomposites (BNCs) was developed consisting of combined dissolution/suspension of the dextran ester and hydrophobized MNPs in an organic solvent followed by homogenization with ultrasonication, casting of the solution, drying and melting of the composite for a defined shaping.This process leads to a uniform distribution of MNPs in BNC as revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Samples of different geometries were exposed to high-frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF).It could be shown that defined remote melting of such biocompatible nanocomposites is possible for the first time.This may lead to a new class of magnetic remote-control systems, which are suitable for controlled release applications or self-healing materials.BNCs containing biocompatible dextran fatty acid ester melting close to human body temperature were prepared and loaded with Rhodamine B (RhB) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) as model drugs to evaluate their potential use as drug delivery system.The release of the model drugs from the magnetic BNC investigated under the influence of a high-frequency AMF (20 kA/m at 400 kHz) showed that on-demand release is realized by applying the external AMF.The BNC possessed a long-term stability (28 d) of the incorporated iron oxide particles after incubation in artificial body fluids.Temperature-dependent mobility investigations of MNP in the molten BNC were carried out by optical microscopy, magnetometry,
Light and Secure Encryption Technique Based on Artificially Induced Chaos and Nature-Inspired Triggering Method

Encryption is the de facto method for protecting information, whether this information is locally stored or on transit. Although we have many encryption techniques, they have problems inherited from the computational models that they use. For instance, the standard encryption technique suffers from the substitution box syndrome—the substitution box does not provide enough confusion. This paper proffers a novel encryption method that is both highly secure and lightweight. The proposed technique performs an initial preprocessing on its input plaintext, using fuzzy substitutions and noising techniques to eliminate relationships to the input plaintext. The initially encrypted plaintext is next concealed in enormously complicated codes that are generated using a chaotic system, whose behavior is controlled by a set of operations and a nature-inspired triggering technique. The effectiveness of the security of the proposed technique is analyzed using rigorous randomness tests and entropy.
The Ecologies of Data Visualization

This essay evaluates visualization practices in data science and the digital humanities by drawing on the resources of the environmental humanities. I show how certain conceptions of ecology and natural systems have provided constitutive metaphors in the design and theorization of data visualization practices. This genealogy of the visual culture of data science began with the professionalization of graph theory in the nineteenth century. Ecological analogies were also a prominent feature in twentieth-century computer and network design, and they have continued to inform many of the layout algorithms that generate present-day data visualizations. This history of ideas and practices shows how ecological metaphors have naturalized information systems in ways that obscure the material and social realities of those systems.
Digital skills and teaching performance

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The progress of technology and the arrival of the pandemic in the world has generated a large-scale replication in digital education, transforming education from the face-to-face environment to the virtual environment. The objective of this article is to review the progress regarding key points of digital competence and teaching performance. It is a theoretical- descriptive exploration of a documentary type, with documents between 2019 and 2020. SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases were used, including descriptors such as “Digital competences”, “pedagogical performance”, “Digital inclusion” and “ uses of TIC ”. These descriptors were combined in different ways at the instant of navigation in order to broaden the search criteria. In today's context, all educational institutions have had to migrate to the digital age, both public and private, as key to surviving in times of crisis, having technology as allies. Concluding, that teachers have had to adapt to this new educational and training profile in which we find ourselves engulfed by the technological trend in education&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
Introduction

PreviousNext No AccessLand Seismic Case Studies for Near-Surface Modeling and Subsurface ImagingIntroductionhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560803812.intro SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract In the Introduction, we discuss the difference between marine and land seismic data. This difference has an enormous impact on the quality of the data acquired. We also present an outline of the book and discuss FWI applied to land seismic data within the context of near-surface modeling. We then suggest candidate problems we may expect machine learning to solve. Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560803812.introFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Land Seismic Case Studies for Near-Surface Modeling and Subsurface ImagingISBN (print):978-1-56080-380-5ISBN (online):978-1-56080-381-2Copyright: 2021 Pages: 1056 publication data© 2021 All rights reserved. This book or parts hereof may not be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher.Publisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 13 Jul 2021 CITATION INFORMATION (2021), "Introduction," Investigations in Geophysics : 1-41. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560803812.intro Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
A survey of cloud security challenges in higher educational institutions

Cloud computing provides a broad variety of advantages for higher education institutions, including new possibilities to integrate into the teaching process. Cloud services, on the other hand, are susceptible to a range of security threats. The supply of a safe cloud infrastructure is one of the major difficulties that educational institutions confront when embracing cloud computing technology. The authors of this article examine certain cloud advantages in the education sector, as well as the limits of common cloud services and the security issues that institutions confront when using cloud technology. The survey was performed at a range of educational institutions to learn about stakeholders' perspectives on cloud security vulnerabilities and solutions. Finally, this paper offers general guidelines for avoiding security concerns while using cloud computing in higher education organizations.
Network-based analyses

In the social network analysis section, Automated Vehicles, Electric Vehicles, Smart Homes and Space Travel studies were analyzed with social network analysis. Author networks were determined and researchers working on these technologies were evaluated in terms of network values. Based on the metrics obtained, inferences were made about the importance level of each network element in the network and indirectly the importance of its position in that network. For each element whose centrality values were calculated, network maps were prepared and positioned in the network in terms of centrality values. In this respect, author, institution and country network maps were prepared for these four emerging technologies. Considering the results obtained, it is observed that the universities of Carnegie Mellon, Waterloo, Nagoya and Western Australia stand out as leading institutions for the Automated Vehicles field. For Electric Vehicles, Tsinghua and Aalborg Universities are seen to be pioneers, while it has been determined that King Saud University has played a remarkable role in Smart Homes technologies. As an expected result in Space Travel research, it should be noted that while NASA is leading one of the biggest space programs, UC Berkeley is a US-based university. It has been observed that the Russian Academy of Sciences occupies an important position in the Space Travel research network in terms of network values.
THE LISTENING COMPREHENSION DIFFICULTIES OF THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, MULAWARMAN UNIVERSITY

The purposes of this study were to know the difficulties faced by the fourth semester students in Advanced Listening Comprehension Course at English Department, and to know strategies used by the fourth semester students in overcoming the difficulties in Advanced Listening Comprehension Course at English Department. The design of this study was descriptive with qualitative approach. The population was the fourth semester students at English Department in Mulawarman University that consisted of 63 active students of fourth semester students at English Department in Mulawarman University. Data was gathered by questionnaire and interview. The findings of this study showed that, the students had difficulties in listening comprehension and strategies to overcome it. It was based on three factors influencing their listening: listening materials, listener factors, and physical settings. In addition, the major problems encountered by students of English Department were: accents, pronunciation, speed of speech, insufficient vocabulary, different accent of the speakers, lack of concentration, and bad quality of recording. Furthermore, the strategies that the students implemented was using media as the learning tool. It can be concluded from this study that there were ten problems in students’ self learning that were found in analyzing students’ difficulties, they were : lack of vocabulary, poor grammar mastery, accent, pronunciation, lack of concentration, speed of speech, anxiety, noisy, inability to apply listening strategy, bad quality of recording.