Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Proposals and Implementations of MDS Diffusion Layer Dynamic Algorithms for AES Block Cipher

Block ciphers are an interesting cryptographictopic that is widely used today. Therefore, the issue of improving the security of block ciphers is increasingly concerned today. There have been many research directions to animate block ciphers to improve their security against well-known strong attacks. In [1], we proposed two diffusion layer dynamic algorithms for SPN block ciphers. In this paper, we will execute these two algorithms with recursive MDS matrices of size 4, 8, and 16, then evaluate the cryptographic properties of the obtained dynamic MDS matrices including branch number, number of fixed points, coefficient of fixed points, number of XOR and Xtime operations. Then, we apply these two dynamic algorithms to dynamically modify the AES block cipher and evaluate the execution speed of thedynamic AES block ciphers. We propose two new diffusionlayer dynamic algorithms, implement these two algorithmsand modify dynamically AES block cipher according to thesetwo algorithms, and evaluate the speed of dynamic AES blockciphers. We also evaluate the security and implementationresources for dynamically modified AES block ciphers. Theproposed diffusion layer dynamic algorithms contribute toimproving the security of the AES block cipher against manycurrent strong attacks.
ERROR ANALYSIS ON TRANSLATION TEXT IN SMA N 1 WALED STUDENTS

This research was conducted based on the fact that most students still make many mistakes in conveying the meaning of Indonesian to English. Lack of vocabulary, facing ambiguity from Indonesian to English, words, phrases, and sentences. The ability to translate is a language skill that must be mastered. Foreign language learners must have the ability to translate both orally and in writing. Therefore, the purpose of this research is (1) to find out the types of mistakes made by students in translating Indonesian procedural text into Indonesian and (2) to find out the mistakes made by students in translating procedural texts. This study uses a qualitative method using a language error analysis approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of written documents obtained from 15 participants from SMA N 1 Waled. The results show that students make mistakes in terms of vocabulary, use of prepositions, and use of tenses. This shows that students’ understanding is still not sufficient in choosing the correct vocabulary and the appropriate grammar arrangement in translating Indonesian into English through procedure text.
Analysis of Speaking Proficiency in Children Aged 2-5 Years at Kelas Berenang Karawang Institution

Early childhood has several aspects that need to be developed to be able to improve cognitive and psychomotor development. One of these aspects is language proficiency. At the age of 2-6 years is the golden age which is the age of children in the early days of their life in the world. This age is at the best development for the child's physique and brain. Similarly, speaking skills need to be trained from an early age in order to form more appropriate speaking skills. This research is a qualitative research conducted by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that early children between 2-3 years still speak using syllables or final spoken words, while early children aged 4-5 years who have begun to enter preschool have begun to be able to form words by displaying morphemes, and syntax.
General Introduction

In this chapter, an importance of Sun and Earth to create global and micro-greenhouse effect in formation of first living organism on the planet earth has been explained by using wavelength of solar radiation. Further, solar energy availability on any inclined with any orientation surface for application in greenhouse has also been explained.
DIGITALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

The purpose of the study is to identify trends, problems and prospects for the digitalization of higher education in Russia. The article identifies the main directions for the development of digitalization and highlights its main advantages, opening up new educational opportunities and prospects. The information about the dangers, negative consequences and problems of digitalization of education is systematized. It is concluded that the consequences of the penetration of the digital world into education are not yet clearly visible and are accompanied by many risks. The impact of digitalization on the quality of education and its long-term socio-economic results has yet to be assessed.
INTERACTION BETWEEN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PARTNERS

Interaction between universities and their industrial partners has become increasingly important in recent years. The development of this interaction has become even more urgent given the need for Russia to achieve technological sovereignty. In this article the authors consider several of the key models of interaction between universities and their industrial partners, the areas of such interaction, as well as the mechanisms of state policy implemented in Russia to strengthen cooperation between universities and enterprises and organizations. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the practical experience of interaction of a particular university (Plekhanov Russian University of Economics) with its industrial partners. Successful interaction between higher education institutions and their partners can ultimately benefit society by driving innovation, economic growth and job creation.
Modular enumeration technology - a tool for creation of new algorithms family solving discrete programming problems

The paper proposes a new enumeration technology based on modular enumeration ideology resulting in a new group of algorithms that numerically solve extremal problems with discrete variables. All descriptions of this approach are illustrated with examples. Presented are the conditions of application of the proposed technology, as well as analytical and experimental bounds of its effectiveness.
MINIMIZATION OF THE ROOT ERROR OF THE SYNCHRONIZATION SYSTEM OF THE COHERENT DEMODULATOR OF SATELLITE TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNDER THE CONDITION OF LIMITING THE TRANSIENT COMPONENT PHASE ERROR

A successful solution to the task of further increasing the efficiency of satellite communication systems largely depends on the quality of functioning of the systems and devices included in them. One of the directions for improving the efficiency of satellite telecommunications can be the development and improvement of phase synchronization systems in the direction of minimizing the phase error while maintaining high dynamics in stable and transient modes of operation. Mathematical dependencies are developed and presented in the work, which allow for the synthesis of open communication in the combined synchronization system of satellite telecommunications, which ensure the minimization of the root mean square error of the synchronization system under the condition of limiting the transient component of the phase error. The open communication scheme proposed in the work includes a link with a transfer function, the parameters of which make it possible to minimize the rms phase error under the condition of increasing the dynamics of the system in transient modes. The results of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed method of minimizing the rms error of the combined synchronization system under the condition of limiting the transient component of the phase error showed that the value of the rms error for the combined synchronization system depends on the gain parameter of the open link link. The gain parameter can be effective in minimizing the phase error in the case of its positive values. The optimal value of the gain parameter in the presented open-loop synthesis model has an unambiguous relationship with the conditions for limiting the transient component of the phase error, and its deviation from the optimal values reduces the effect of the open-loop link when operating in transient modes.
THE SHADOW DOM CONCEPT AS A TOOL FOR ENCAPSULATION AND MODULARITY IN MODERN WEB DEVELOPMENT

The Shadow Document Object Model, commonly referred to as the Shadow DOM, has emerged as a pivotal tool in contemporary web development, facilitating the encapsulation of structure, styles, and behaviors within a detached DOM tree. This technology addresses the global nature of CSS by isolating styles and code from the main document, thereby preventing style conflicts and ensuring more predictable component behaviors. The Shadow DOM resolves critical challenges developers face when integrating third-party components or libraries. It empowers the creation of components that are self-contained, isolated, and seamlessly integrated without the fear of disrupting the styles or scripts of the primary site. In the future, with the rising popularity of web components, the capabilities of the Shadow DOM may expand, allowing developers to craft even more powerful and flexible components. This could encompass enhancements in integration with other technologies, performance optimization, and deeper integration with browsers and other platforms. The Shadow DOM is anticipated to become foundational for web application development, enabling developers to produce more modular, scalable, and reliable web applications. As web applications grow in complexity and the need for flexibility, the encapsulation and isolation provided by the Shadow DOM will be imperative for ensuring the stability and reliability of modern web applications. This article delves into the concept of the Shadow DOM as a tool for encapsulation and modularity in modern web development. The primary purpose of the Shadow DOM is to isolate the internal structure and behavior of web components, ensuring their independence from the main code. This allows developers to create standalone components that can be reused effortlessly without concerns over potential style or script conflicts. The Shadow DOM addresses key web development challenges, such as style and script clashes, by providing developers with a tool to craft more stable and reliable web applications. The style isolation within the Shadow DOM, for instance, ensures that the styles of one component do not impact other parts of a web page. Such encapsulation and modularity make the Shadow DOM a vital element of the contemporary web development ecosystem.
The Basic Mining Game

This chapter provides an exhaustive analytic treatment of the basic mining game. The landmark approach developed by Szidarovszky and Okuguchi is complemented with more recent discussions by Arnosti and Weinberg and Mantovi in order to build a twofold—both conceptual and analytical—perspective on the nature of the strategic equilibrium at stake. The former Authors establish an “absolute” approach in which the absolute quantities of resources deployed enter the conditions for equilibrium. The latter depict a “relative” approach in which shares of resources enter the relevant equations. Original plots provide intuitive clues for comparing such visions. The cost competitiveness of players is shown to drive the concentration of mining at equilibrium. The dual perspective enables one to deepen the implications of the aggregative property of the game: the global hashrate (the aggregate level of mining/hashing activity) emerges as the pivotal degree of freedom at play.
Introduction

This chapter introduces the methodology that shapes our discussion. We start with the short history of Bitcoin and its followers as digital information transfer mechanisms. The monetary status of such coins is given a preliminary discussion in terms of social credit balances and the ideal pure credit economy. The basic one-shot simultaneous mining game is introduced in its qualitative features. The pattern of cost competitiveness shapes the pattern of strategic entry. Other incentives are briefly discussed, in particular, the incentives to start attacks. Our methodological stance emerges in connection with the specificity of the incentive mechanism generated by the Nakamoto design, that economists are required to stylize in its essence; Leshno and Strack provide a paradigmatic example of such an approach. The monetary problem of the 2020s is given a preliminary glimpse, with due emphasis on the role of central banks in coordinating financial markets and managing the supply of liquidity therein, in connection with the “phase transition” generated by the unconventional monetary policies of the 2010s.
The Future Monetary System

This chapter deals with the monetary system as the institutional framework governed by central banks. Central banks provide a public good that no private blockchain can rival. Institutional economics and historical perspectives are natural complements of the theoretical principle of “no questions asked” in framing the problem of the way monetary innovations should be made to fit the existing landscape. In particular, the principle shapes a fundamental tradeoff that impinges on the issuers of stablecoins and, virtually, on any financial intermediary. We sketch the prospect for the future monetary system depicted by the Bank for International Settlements. The Libra/Diem case study is given due emphasis. Stablecoins are given a clear characterization; in particular, it is discussed in which sense there is much more to stablecoins than problems of proper collateralization. The inherent hierarchy of account-based money is the proper setting for tackling these issues. Then, the subtle case for central bank digital currency is thoroughly discussed.
UML MODELING OF THE ENTERTAINMENT AND HOTEL MENU PLANNING APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

The object of the study is the principle of applying the UML modeling model for the process of building a web application for planning entertainment and hotel menus.The analysis of the study of this area of similar processes and the conduct of own research, which in turn require a more in-depth immersion in the very essence of the scientific area and expanding the horizons for further research, has been carried out.The work algorithm and states of the software system, physical model are determined. The application of the object-oriented model of the system was demonstrated, and the design of the software product was carried out. The UML model was used to visualize and optimize the presentation of the application.The work defines the analysis of requirements, conceptual modeling of the construction of the site development model. The main stages of creating the application are analyzed. The functional possibilities of using UML modeling in application development are characterized
Design and Implementation of Hand Gesture Assistant Command Control Video Player Interface for Physically Challenged People

Hand gesture control provides an advanced technology that improves the life of physically disabled individuals by permitting them to interact with the environment. The proposed system controls the actions of the video by following given commands using finger movements (like pause/play the video, control volume i.e., high, low, forward, and backward the video) that can be operated from a distance of around 2 meters. It is a directly trained system that works on the gestures shown by fingers and is understood by the nodes on the fingers implemented by the code so no dataset is required, decreasing the latency. The objective of this work is to empower physically challenged individuals with a technology that enables them to independently navigate and control video content The system also consists of a webcam to control the actions from a distance. To effectively implement the system, a computer vision technique is used to accurately recognize the different combinations of fingers as hand gestures with an accuracy of nearly 95 percent with a latency of 300 milliseconds. The proposed framework in the paper aims to help physically impaired people for controlling the video player.
High-performance state-vector emulator of a quantum computer implemented in the rust programming language

We propose a high-performance state-vector emulator of a gate-based quantum processors developed in the Rust programming language.It supports OpenQASM 2.0 programming language [1] for quantum circuits specification and has a user-friendly Python based API.We present a wide range of numerical benchmarks of the emulator.We expect that our emulator will be used for design and validation of new quantum algorithms.
PWS-DVC: Enhancing Weakly Supervised Dense Video Captioning With Pretraining Approach

In recent times, there has been a notable increase in efforts to simultaneously comprehend vision and language, driven by the availability of video-related datasets and advancements in language models within the domain of natural language processing. Dense video captioning poses a significant challenge in understanding untrimmed video and generating several event-based sentences to describe the video. Numerous endeavors have been undertaken to enhance the efficacy of the dense video captioning task by the utilization of various approaches, such as bottom-up, top-down, parallel pipeline, pretraining, etc. In contrast, the weakly supervised dense video captioning method presents a highly promising strategy for generating dense video captions solely based on captions, without relying on any knowledge of ground-truth events, which distinguishes it from widely employed approaches. Nevertheless, this approach has a drawback that inadequate captions might hurt both event localization and captioning. This paper introduces PWS-DVC, a novel approach aimed at enhancing the performance of weakly supervised dense video captioning. PWS-DVC’s event captioning module is initially trained on video-clip datasets, which are extensively accessible video datasets by leveraging the absence of ground-truth data during training. Subsequently, it undergoes fine-tuning specifically for dense video captioning. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of PWS-DVC, we conduct comparative experiments with state-of-the-art methods using the ActivityNet Captions dataset. The findings indicate that PWS-DVC exhibits improved performance in comparison to current approaches in weakly supervised dense video captioning.
CARL: A Synergistic Framework for Causal Reinforcement Learning

Causal Reinforcement Learning (CRL) is an emerging field where two essential areas for the development of artificial intelligence are integrated. Existing works in the area have shown how causality can contribute to mitigate some of the limitations of reinforcement learning (RL), ranging from data-inefficiency, lack of interpretability, and long learning times, among others. However, how to use reinforcement learning to support causal discovery (CD) has so far been less explored. In this article, we introduce CARL, a Causality-Aware Reinforcement Learning framework for simultaneously learning and using causal models to speed-up the police learning in online Markov decision process (MDP) settings. In a synergistic way, our method alternates between: (i) (RL for CD), where it promotes the selection of actions to obtain better causal models in fewer episodes than traditional methods of obtaining data in RL, (ii) (CD), where an score-based algorithm is used to learn causal models and (iii) (RL using CD), where the learned models are used to select actions that speed up the learning of the optimal policy by reducing the number of interactions with the environment. Experiments in simulated environments show that our method achieves better results in policy learning than traditional model-free and model-based algorithms while it is also able to learn the underlying causal models. We also showhowthe learned causal models can be directly transferred to a similar task of greater complexity reducing significantly the number of episodes to learn an optimal policy. Finally, the method’s scalability to high-dimensional states, where the action-value function needs to be represented with deep neural networks, was verified.
A Robust Real Time Bidding Strategy Against Inaccurate CTR Predictions by Using Cluster Expected Win Rate

Previous real-time bidding (RTB) strategies offer a bidding price for each incoming bid request based on its individual predicted click through rate (CTR). However, this pricing mechanism could be a pitfall because the large and sparse feature space often leads to inaccurate <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">individual</i> CTR predictions. Furthermore, our observations in a real-world online advertising environment indicate that the predicted CTR could be uncorrelated to the empirical CTR. In this paper, we introduce a new evaluation metric, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cluster expected win rate (CEWR)</i> , and propose a novel framework <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cluster-aware Ranking-based Bidding Strategy (CARBS)</i> that leverages CEWR to cope with the above issue. CEWR quantifies the worthiness of each bid request based on a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">group</i> of bid requests having similar expected performance. First, a two-step clustering method aggregates bid requests with similar predicted CTRs into clusters to gather similar information. Second, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CARBS</i> ranks the clusters and sets the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Affordability Threshold</i> in order to spend budgets smartly. CEWR summarizes the above results and hence better correlates to the click performance in our observations, causing the robustness superior to the inaccurate individual CTR predictions. Finally, a reinforcement learning-based bidding strategy is conducted to adjust the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bid request expected win rate (BEWR)</i> jointly based on CEWR and the dynamic market for deriving the final bid prices. The experimental results on three real ad campaigns manifest that <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CARBS</i> outperforms state-of-the-art bidding strategies in terms of click acquisition. In a poorly predicted campaign (AUC: 0.73) with an extremely tight budget, the improvement is 32.5%, showing the robustness of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CARBS</i> . The code to reproduce our results is publicly available on GitHub: https://reurl.cc/0ZoVEl.
Decentralization, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI): Challenges and Opportunities

This paper evaluates the conflict between the emerging forces of decentralization and artificial intelligence. In general, the forces that lead towards decentralization are often grounded in idealism rather than economics. As a result, new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, are unlikely to easily coexist with decentralized technologies and platforms. This has implications for innovation management.