Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Youtube on Elementary School Students’ Reading Skills During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The goal of this study was to examine how effective YouTube was as a learning medium during pandemic Covid-19 at SDN Bluru Kidul II Sidoarjo. The researchers used quantitative study, specifically the descriptive design, to assess the effect of YouTube as a learning tool used during pandemic Covid-19 on the reading skills of students at SDN Bluru Kidul II Sidoarjo in the academic year 2020/2021. Thirty students from class 6-A in the sixth grade were chosen as purposive samples, with 15 students serving as the experimental group and 15 serving as the control group. Test were given both before and after the treatment during this experiment. The results demonstrated that there are no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the pre-test, as the indicator level is (0.723), which is greater than 0.05 and statistically insignificant. Then, in the post-test, there are statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group, with the value of the indication level being (0.004), for mean scores of YouTube effectiveness in the experimental group with an average of 8.26 and 7.65 in the control group. The difference in mean scores between groups was statistically significant (t-value = 2.776, p-value =.004). According to the study's findings, the level of efficacy of using YouTube as a teaching tool to increase students' reading skills was extremely high.
The New Oil

Sub-Saharan Africa has seen an extraordinary technological take-up. As recently as a decade ago, fewer than 5 per cent of sub-Saharan Africans had access to the Internet but by December 2020, approximately 85 per cent of Kenyans and 73 per cent of Nigerians had internet access. Growing connectivity is empowering a generation with opportunities that would have been unthinkable a little as 10 years ago. Young sub-Saharan Africans are using tech-based solutions across agriculture, education, finance, healthcare and infrastructure, to develop African economies at lower cost and faster speed. The use of smartphones, which enable greater use of mobile technology, is also growing. Nigeria’s mobile economy is set to grow by 19 per cent between 2019 and 2025 – the highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa, which is the fastest-growing mobile technology region in the world. Mobile technologies and services generated 9 per cent of GDP in sub-Saharan Africa in 2019 – a contribution that amounted to more than US$155 billion of economic value and supported almost 3.8 million jobs. This reflects the fact that in some areas – such as the mobile financial sector – sub-Saharan Africa has become a global leader.
E-Animation Media to Improve The Understanding of Elementary School Science Learning

This research was motivated by the low mastery of student learning in science learning, especially in light-matter because of the lack of use of learning media that is in accordance with the characteristics of the material in Class V elementary school. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of using Macromedia flash-based electronic learning media on the material properties of light in improving the learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students. Learning outcomes used as research data are limited to the cognitive domain. The material selected in the research was the properties of light. This type of research was quasi-experimental, where the samples taken in research activities were fifth-grade students at SDN 12 Nan Sabaris. The instrument used was a multiple-choice test. The data analysis technique used a t-test. Based on the results of data analysis obtained t-count with a value of 6.91 and t-table with a value of 2.04. This means that there is a significant difference between student learning outcomes before using animation media and student learning outcomes after using animation media. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of e-animation has an effect on student learning outcomes. The use of e-animation can be a new alternative as a solution to improve the quality of learning and student understanding.
Modeling Asymptotic Complexity Using ACL2

The theory of asymptotic complexity provides an approach to characterizing the behavior of programs in terms of bounds on the number of computational steps executed or use of computational resources. We describe work using ACL2 to prove complexity properties of programs implemented in a simple imperative programming language embedding via an operational semantics in ACL2. We simultaneously prove functional properties of a program and its complexity. We illustrate our approach by describing proofs about a binary search algorithm, proving both that it implements binary search on a sorted list and that it is O(log(n)), where n is the length of the list.
Implementasi Ice Breaking dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa di SDN 64/I Teratai

This study aims to identify and describe the implementation of chants in increasing student interest in learning at SDN 64/I Teratai, describing the implementation of games in increasing student interest in learning, and describing the implementation of exercise in increasing student interest in learning at SDN 64/I Teratai. The approach used is a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were fifth grade students at SDN 64/I Lotus. Research data sources consist of informants, and documentation. Data collection techniques with observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Research data analysis includes, 1). Data collection, 2). Organizing or grouping the collected data according to the nature of the existing categories. Data analysis was carried out through four stages including, 1). Data reduction, 2). Data presentation, 3). Verification and conclusion. Meanwhile, checking the validity of the data is done by using the triangulation technique of data sources. The results of this study, are (1) the implementation of yells in increasing student interest in learning at SDN 64/I Teratai, namely using yells when learning in class, yelling is applied when class conditions start to be less conducive. The teacher invites students to sing yells as a distraction. Students can also make chants individually or in groups with a duration of about 3-5 minutes. (2) the implementation of games in increasing student interest in learning at SDN 64/I Teratai is to make learning more interesting and fun, so games can be used that can build children's concentration to be able to think, act, and refocus on the material so that children's interest in learning is more good and easy to digest lessons. (3) the implementation of exercise in increasing student interest in learning at SDN 64/I Teratai, namely in implementing exercise, it is carried out when students look sluggish after sitting for a long time just listening to the explanation of the material that the teacher conveys, then with exercise the blood flow will become smooth again so that the thinking process of students is fresher and more effective. Teachers can creatively use variations of body movements.
Chained Dual-GAN: A Generalized Defense against Adversarial Attacks

Abstract Neural networks play a significant role in the field of image classification. When an input image is modified by adversarial attacks, the changes are imperceptible to the human eye, but it still leads to misclassification of the images. In this paper, we create a new approach to defend against adversarial attacks, dubbed Chained Dual-GAN (CD-GAN) that tackles the defense against adversarial attacks by minimizing the perturbations of the adversarial image using iterative undersampling and oversampling.
The Comparative Study of Speaking Skill Taught by Using Grammar Translation Method And Direct Method at Sibling English Course

This research is aimed at describing whether there is any positive significant difference between grammar translation method and direct method at Sibling English Course, and which one is more effective taught speaking skill by using grammar translation method and direct method at Sibling English Course. The research design used was comparative study design. The subject of research was 30 students. The instrument used was test. The result of this study showed that ttest is 6.960. It is higher than t table at either 5% or 1% significance level. So, it can be concluded that teaching speaking by using direct method is more effective, and there is any positive significant difference between grammar translation method and direct method at Sibling English Course. It is recommended for the teacher to teach students’ skill using these methods.
Pembelajaran Mural pada Mata Pelajaran Seni Budaya di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 10 Malang

This article examines the emotional, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, artistic, and creative experiences of students at SMAN 10 Malang City. Students are directly involved in various creative experiences, producing works of art. Their real experiences directly benefit their lives. Learning mural art in the Cultural Arts subject allows students to interact with their technical abilities and environmental conditions. Murals are works of art that use drawing or painting techniques on permanent walls, walls or large surfaces. The purpose of this study is to examine the process of painting murals, considering that learning activities are believed to increase the intelligence of students, because the learning process involves cognitive, affective and psychomotor. The research method uses qualitative descriptive, the data used is student actions in the process of creating murals for class XII MIPA D students for the 2018-2019 school year. The analytical tools are observing, observing and recording student activities, as well as analyzing the work produced. The results of the study show that mural work is an alternative for teachers to increase students' creativity which is varied, namely 1) creative ideas, 2) reflection of students' emotional experiences, and 3) responsiveness to space.
The Impact 0f Playing Games and the Role Of Parents to Control Student Behaviour in Online Learning From a Teacher's Perspective Amid Pandemic Covid-19

The purpose of this study was to find the positive and negative impacts of online learning on students' behavior in playing games. At the same time to find the best method for students not to spend time playing games and the role of parents to control student behavior. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and sampling method with purposive technique. While the sampling method used observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that when learning online, students will participate in playing games, causing students to be lazy to study, undisciplined, enter online classes, and students' behavior becomes aggressive towards negative because they lose playing games. Games also have a positive impact as entertainment for students and learn strategies in problem-solving and educate the brain. Another finding is that online learning causes obesity and eye disease in students due to radiation exposure. Parents play an active role in controlling behavior by diverting children to find positive things such as children being told to look for language lessons online so that time is spent studying compared than playing games and social media. Parents should be friends with children and listen to children so that children are close to their parents.Keywords: Electronic device, game advantage, game detrimental, parent, covid-19
An Informational Space based Semantic Analysis for Scientific Texts

One major problem in Natural Language Processing is the automatic analysis and representation of human language. Human language is ambiguous and deeper understanding of semantics and creating human-to-machine interaction have required an effort in creating the schemes for act of communication and building common-sense knowledge bases for the ‘meaning’ in texts. This paper introduces computational methods for semantic analysis and the quantifying the meaning of short scientific texts. Computational methods extracting semantic feature are used to analyse the relations between texts of messages and ‘representations of situations’ for a newly created large collection of scientific texts, Leicester Scientific Corpus. The representation of scientific-specific meaning is standardised by replacing the situation representations, rather than psychological properties, with the vectors of some attributes: a list of scientific subject categories that the text belongs to. First, this paper introduces ‘Meaning Space’ in which the informational representation of the meaning is extracted from the occurrence of the word in texts across the scientific categories, i.e., the meaning of a word is represented by a vector of Relative Information Gain about the subject categories. Then, the meaning space is statistically analysed for Leicester Scientific Dictionary-Core and we investigate ‘Principal Components of the Meaning’ to describe the adequate dimensions of the meaning. The research in this paper conducts the base for the geometric representation of the meaning of texts.
MORAL FACTORS THAT ENCOURAGE THE MAIN CHARACTER TO ACHIEVE SELF UNITY IN THE NOVEL "BEAUTY AND THE BEAST" BY ELIZABETH RUDNICK

This study aimed to explore the moral factors that encourage the main character to achieve self-unity in the novel “Beauty and the Beast by Elizabeth Rudnick. This study used a philosophical approach related to exploring the elements of morality in literary works. The theory used is the theory of Linda and Richard (1993) about the form of moral values, and Cady's theory (2005) about the influential factors in moral formation. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Then, the researcher applied the library research method. The moral principles of the main character are portrayed in the attributes of honesty, courage, peace, independence and potential, discipline and moderation, respect, love, selflessness and sensitivity, kindness and friendliness, justice and compassion, according to the findings of this study. Meanwhile, the variables that lead to the creation of moral values might come from chance, intents from the environment, and their own will. Except for the principles of loyalty and chastity, Belle, the novel's main character, has demonstrated all of the moral values that have been theorized. Belle is most influenced by her own willingness to demonstrate her moral principles, which is caused by various factors that influence her to practice such beliefs, according to the investigation.
How can users’ comments posted on social media videos be a source of effective tags?

This paper proposed a new approach for the extraction of tags from users' comments made about videos. In fact, videos on the social media, like Facebook and YouTube, are usually accompanied by comments where users may give opinions about things evoked in the video. The main challenge is how to extract relevant tags from them. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first research work to present an approach to extract tags from comments posted about videos on the social media. We do not pretend that comments can be a perfect solution for tagging videos since we rather tried to investigate the reliability of comments to tag videos and we studied how they can serve as a source of tags. The proposed approach is based on filtering the comments to retain only the words that could be possible tags. We relied on the self-organizing map clustering considering that tags of a given video are semantically and contextually close. We tested our approach on the Google YouTube 8M dataset, and the achieved results show that we can rely on comments to extract tags. They could be also used to enrich and refine the existing uploaders' tags as a second area of application. This can mitigate the bias effect of the uploader's tags which are generally subjective.
The Effectiveness of Pomodoro Technique on Students' Descriptive Text Writing Quality

This research was conducted by the aim to investigate the effectiveness of Podomoro technique in teaching descriptive text at junior high school at Sidoarjo. The design of this quasi-experimental type was pre-test and post-test non-equivalent control group design. The results of the data reliability test showed that the research instrument was reliable because the Cronbach's alpha value was 0.653 and more than 0.6. Furthermore, it showed the experiment group pretest score was 77.20, control group was 79.00. The experimental group's mean was frequently lower than the control group. The experimental group’s mean post-test score was 87.40, whereas the control group was 79.20. The experimental group’s post-test mean was higher than the control group. The researcher next calculated the mean of the experimental and control groups by t-test (paired sample test) to see if the scores before and after the treatment were significant. It indicated that the pomodoro technique was beneficial in assisting the students in improving their writing skills.
Relationship between priorities of secondary schools authorities’ managerial decisions and change dynamics in educational outcomes

Introduction. The relevance of the research is driven by the need to explore the experience of schools that are able to achieve high results on their own in complicated social conditions. The purpose of the publication is to establish the relationship between the managerial decisions of school authorities aimed to overcome poor educational outcome risk factors and the change dynamics of educational results at school. Materials and methods. Thirty-eight experts were involved in the research (development of detailed model for low educational outcome risk factors, questionnaires for school authorities), along with 210 schools from 12 Russian Federation entities which stepped out of the category of schools with low educational outcomes over the last 5 years. The method of group expert evaluation, morphological box method, questioning, interviews and comparative analysis were used. Results. A detailed model for poor educational outcome risk factors was designed (15 risk factors, 104 detailed items); a questionnaire for school authorities (5 sections, 504 items) was developed, as based on the said detailed model. It is possible to conclude on the basis of the research results: the school authorities deem the factors related to resourcing of educational activity to be the top-priority risk factors accounting for poor educational results (property, material and technical resources, human resources). Most of managerial decisions (77%) are aimed to overcome them. Of least priority (27%) is the factor relating to motivation of educational organisation authorities to improve educational results. The median number of managerial decisions aimed at overcoming all risk factors was 52%. improvement in dynamics of schools’ educational results depends on priority given by their authorities to the risk factors aimed at ensuring favourable school environment and assessing educational outcomes. The number of managerial decisions intended to overcome these risk factors at schools demonstrating “positive and significant dynamics” of educational results is 23% higher on the average than in other surveyed schools. Conclusion. The research results prove the effectiveness of describing the experience of schools through the system of managerial decisions aimed at overcoming the risk factors connected with poor educational outcomes. The established interrelation allows school authorities to adjust managerial decisions with a view to improve educational results dynamics. The detailed model of risk factors is applicable for studying teachers’ mobility, providing methodological support for “weak” schools, creating simulation exercisers for school authorities.
Analysis of School Financial Management in TK Negeri Pembina 2 Bantan Kabupaten Bengkalis

In financial management educational institutions, it is very important to know what the school needs. With clear and appropriate finances, it will affect the school's operations and education at the school. The purpose of this article is to find out how to manage finances in TK Negeri Pembina 2 Bantan. Collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the analysis show that financial management at TK Negeri Pembina 2 Bantan is carried out by planning for the management of BOS funds in 2021-2022 starting with the preparation of the RKAS and the preparation of the RAB as well as the implementation of the use and finally bookkeeping. The realization of BOS fund management has complied with the principles referred to in Government Regulation no. 48 of 2008 article 59.
E-lex: science, technology, or a kind of in-between? Language as a framework for further research

Unwrapping the question about e-lex E-lex stands for electronic lexicography.Well, what is lexicography?Sure enough, it has to do with the activities of people who are lexicographers.Who has never yet heard near-unbelievable accounts of how productive some skilled lexicographers made it into the annals of history, as did the North American semiotician Charles S. Peirce, who defined roughly six thousand specialized terms and also served as a contributing editor for another ten thousand entries or so of the Century Dictionary (Hargraves 2019, 33)?The world of lexicography shows signs of being rather intricate: authors write entries, editors may edit their entries, others may coordinate the interaction with or between authors and editors, while possibly also compiling the entries to be published, composing the layout of the publications or managing the web pages, designing, programming, preparing audio and video material, and always, of course, there may be those who make use of the dictionaries for studying, working or just for fun. . .
Development of Anti-Corruption Learning through Comic Media and Anti-Corruption Poster

This study aims to develop anti-corruption learning using comics and posters in order to instill the values of honesty and simplicity in the students of Public Junior High School Six Malang. The Research and Development (R&amp;D) approach was used throughout this entire study. The s The participants in this study were students at Public Junior High School Six Malang . As data collection techniques, questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation studies are used in this study, along with focus group discussions (FGD) and field notes/logbooks. The obtained data were descriptively and qualitatively analyzed. The study's findings indicate that teachers require alternative learning that can instill the values of integrity in students, as well as anti-corruption learning media that was developed in two stages (media development and material development) and has been validated to be used as an alternative learning to instill the values of integrity, particularly honesty and simplicity. According to Article 13 of Law Number 30 of 2002, one of the prevention efforts that the KPK can carry out is to organize anti-corruption education programs at all levels of education. The material assessment on the development of anti-corruption learning with comics and posters yielded an average percentage of 88%, while the media assessment yielded an average percentage of 84%, both of which were in the good category. A conclusion can be drawn that comics and posters can be used effectively