Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Proof of Good Service Based on DAGs-To-Blockchain for IoT Applications

Distributed ledgers based on decentralization are promising technologies to reliably and securely distribute data. Nodes in Blockchain can create a block that contains several transactions through consensus algorithms and is linked to the previous block using hash computation. It is expected to be integrated with smart technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) to store and process data from sensors. However, IoT devices are resource-constrained embedded microcontrollers, which cannot handle the current Blockchain ledgers of high huge storage need, as well as the extensive tasks of consensus algorithms (e.g., Proof of Work). To remove centralization and to improve the linear structure, this paper proposes a new low latency distributed algorithm titled Proof of Good Service based on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs)-to-Blockchain structure (PoGSDB). It is organized in 5 horizontal layers in permissioned mode with different features, namely: Common, Committee, Fog, Queen, and Cloud. A limited number of common, committee, and fog nodes are grouped. Each group has its DAG (named Cobweb ledger) based on uniform distribution. Common nodes send authenticated data with the public key to Committee. The latter receives and broadcasts it to its neighbors, then each node chooses a random number as a counter and auto-decrement it. The winner node is the fastest committee node that reaches zero. The committee nodes rate the winner based on its speed and availability (rate scores from 1 to 5). Every stipulated time, the Cobweb ledger is selected from each group by fog node to send it with authentication to Cloud through the Internet. The cloud leader adds each Cobweb ledger to blocks after check the authentication and authorization. The rest nodes will rate the leader as in committee. Finally, the Queen node is used for monitoring the network and behavior of nodes. The proposed algorithm is emulated and evaluated in a healthcare scenario to mitigate overhead costs, verification time, and to increase throughput as compared to the traditional protocols.
Ketkap-Yuna igneous province gold mineralization age, ore-bearing complexes formational types, and different occurrence time of the late Mesozoic magmatism in different parts of the Aldan shield

EGU22-163, updated on 25 Mar 2022 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-163 EGU General Assembly 2022 © Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The Study of Mada Phonemes and Areas of Interference in the Learning of English as a Second Language for Competence and Performance

Language interference is a universal phenomenon, and learning and speaking English as a second language in Nigeria (particularly among Mada students) is no exception. There are many different dialects of English spoken around the world. Such two languages (Mada and English) belong to two distinct linguistic groups, with distinct phonemic potentials in their use of monophthongs, diphthongs (vowels), consonants and consonant clusters, and segmental. While English belongs to the Indo-European language family, Mada originally belonged to the Benue Congo linguistic sub-group, which is a branch of the larger Niger-Congo African language family. This assumes Mada Students learning and speaking English as a second language are likely to face some challenges that impede fluency and articulation in English as a second language. This provides the impetus for this research on Mada phonemes and areas of interference in the learning of English as a second language. According to the findings of the study, some monophthongs are difficult for many Mada students learning English as a second language. Additionally, consonant clusters have been identified as a source of difficulty for Mada students learning English as a second language. The difficulties in the respective phonemes resulted from phoneme alteration, subtraction, separation, substitution, and transposition errors. As a result, language committees in various indigenous languages should collaborate with state governments to improve indigenous language orthography. The objective of this study was to contrast the phonemes vis-à-vis vowels, consonants in Mada and consonants clusters in English Languages respectively. The study also took a look at areas of interference in the two languages. The study also tried to identify; the phonemes or sounds in English which are impediments to Mada students in the learning of English as a second language and vice-versa It &nbsp;also tried to identify phonemes or sounds in English which are not&nbsp; available in the Mada orthography and vce-versa.
The Essentials for Building Your Own Platform

Before we start the core activity of building the platform, it is important to lay down a solid foundation. This will not only keep our platform scalable and solid in the long run, but it will also help us to clearly articulate current and future technical requirements. In this chapter, we will
The RETINA Project: Dynamic monitoring, reporting and verification for implementing negative emission strategies in managed ecosystems

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The amount of data that can be being collected and openly distributed is increasing daily, but only a fraction of this data is being used to constrain models of agricultural systems under global change and help land managers make informed land-use decisions. Until we can make models accessible to the greater public and bring models and data together, none of these resources can be used to their full potential.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Here we present the (RETINA) project: Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems implemented at the farm level, used to quantify soil carbon change and greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions combined with novel approaches in predictive modelling and stakeholder engagement, culminating in&amp;amp;#160;negative emission strategies in managed ecosystems.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;By developing a dynamic digital system that connects multi-scale sensors using AI to novel cloud-based soil carbon and GHG modelling approaches, we can detect changes in organic matter and GHG emissions across land uses. Additionally, individual user-based inputs through a mobile RETINA app capture changes in agriculture management. This data is used within the Predictive Ecosystem Analyser framework to produce forecasts of GHG emissions and carbon sequestration. Landowners are provided with decision tools to not only interpret the effects of current land management practices on future emissions and carbon sequestration, but also to explore alternative interventions that can help mitigate the effects of climate change. This study to demonstrates smart farming at a local scale, however, these approaches are applicable globally. The RETINA project provides an accessible, automated and repeatable framework that moves us towards realizing this goal.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Automatic Particle Swarm Optimizer Based on Reinforcement Learning

As an efficient search technique based on population, particle swarm optimizer (PSO) has been widely used to deal with practical optimization problems in different fields. To improve the generalization ability and accuracy of PSO, this paper proposes an automatic PSO based on reinforcement learning (RLAPSO). In RLAPSO, reinforcement learning is introduced to conduct the global search. By designing state, action, 3-dimensional Q table, and reward function to determine the generation strategy that is more suitable for the current process characteristics. Meanwhile, the parameters of optimizers are adjusted linearly in the process of optimization. To avoid prematurity, the global search in the later stage of the search is transformed into a local one to find a fine solution. Finally, the performance of RLAPSO is tested on five notable benchmark functions. The experimental results show that RLAPSO is competitive with the state-of-the-art PSO variants.
Equality of opportunities in geosciences: The EGU Awards Committee experience

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;EGU, the European Geosciences Union, is Europe&amp;amp;#8217;s premier geosciences union, dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in the Earth, planetary, and space sciences for the benefit of humanity, worldwide. Every year, the EGU awards and medals programme recognises eminent scientists for their outstanding research contribution in the Earth, planetary and space sciences. In addition, it identifies the awardees as role models for the next generation of early career scientists to foster geoscience research.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Nominations for all the medals and awards are submitted every year online by 15 June by the members of the EGU scientific community. Any person can be nominated except the EGU president, vice-president council members (not including ex- officio members) and chairs of the EGU committees. The EGU Council, the medal and award committees&amp;amp;#8217; members and the Union and division officers are committed to soliciting nominations of deserving individuals by avoiding conflicts of interest. Each EGU medal or award is selected through a rigorous assessment of the candidates and their merits through the respective committee. The procedures for nomination, selection of candidates and the time schedule are described in detail on EGU websites.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;It is a strict necessity when recognizing scientific excellence by any scientific association providing equal opportunities and ensuring balance. The processes and procedures that lead to the recognition of excellence has to be transparent and free of gender biases. However, establishment of clear and transparent evaluation criteria and performance metrics in order to provide equal opportunities to researchers across gender, continents and ethnic groups can be challenging since the definition of scientific excellence is often elusive.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This presentation aims to present the experience and the efforts of the European Geosciences Union to ensure equal opportunities. Data and statistics will be presented in the attempt to provide constructive indications to get to the target of giving equal opportunities to researchers across gender, continents and ethnic groups.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Social entrepreneurship as factor of the Russian economy growth

The dynamic development of society in the post-industrial period is associated, on the one hand, with the massive involvement of citizens in socio-economic activity and the expansion of initiative projects, on the other, with the development of communication technologies that are helpful for agreeing on joint activities and achieving socially significant goals. Social entrepreneurship is a social institution that, in a differentiated social structure, performs those tasks and functions that were previously randomly “scattered”among the point types of activities — charity, volunteering, along with the main essence of political activity, which should be aimed at realizing the common good. Entrepreneurship as the quintessence of independent comprehension and decision-making, reaching the level of solving social problems (along with the task of creating added value), today reflects the formation of a new significant force, a factor that can significantly change the formats for solving group and social problems in cases where market and state mechanisms do not allow achieving the target result.
Usability Analysis of Biometric Authentication Scheme for Smart Mobile Devices

Over the past few years, the usage of mobile devices to access data has becoming more frequent, and the usage of mobile devices in the applications such as web-browsing, email, multimedia, entertainment applications, navigation, trading stocks, electronic purchase, banking, and health care are increased, therefore data security is essential, and it becomes a challenge in securing the data in the mobile device. Over the years, criminals have learned to crack passwords and fabricate biometric traits and have conquered practically every kind of user-authentication mechanism designed to stop them from accessing device data. Stronger mobile authentication mechanisms are clearly needed. To address these problems in the mobile devices, biometric system can be developed which are more secure, affordable, and memorable authentication scheme based on graphical assistance, images, and audio. We believe that biometric authentication is the most secure approach among other authentication mechanism. It is preferred to apply biometrics for the security of&nbsp; Mobile&nbsp; devices&nbsp; and&nbsp; improve&nbsp; reliability. This paper discusses the various features of biometrics authentication schemes and mobile device security threats.
Twitter People’s Opinions Analysis During Covid-19 Quarantine Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models

The world went through an anomalous time, showcasing COVID-19 on the top. Staying home is the best solution to be safe. People spend most of their time on social media platforms. They are busy in reacting on public posts, news, articles, and commenting there. Now a days, even the media organizations and government agencies are providing the latest news and opinions related to coronavirus, so every person’s comment and post speak high about his sentiments. Therefore, the need to analyze text sentiment has arisen. It is helpful to get an opinion about a specific subject effectively. In this paper, we aim to understand and analyze the quarantine impact of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on our lives. In fact, we used multiclass Sentiment Analysis (SA) to classify people’s opinions from extracted tweets about COVID-19 quarantine impact, using first different ma- chine learning (ML) classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Multinomial Naıve Bayes (MNB) and secondly various Deep Learning (DL) models such as Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). In our experimental result, for the ML models, the result of SA showed that SVM gives the best performance with an accuracy of 83.11% for DL models, RNN- LSTM achieved an accuracy 86.53% and AUC of about 93.21%. Practical experiments are performed on 8111 tweets dataset, reporting positive performances, which are competitive to other well-known approaches.
Deep Unified Representation for Heterogeneous Recommendation

Recommendation system has been a widely studied task both in academia and industry. Previous works mainly focus on homogeneous recommendation and little progress has been made for heterogeneous recommender systems. However, heterogeneous recommendations, e.g., recommending different types of items including products, videos, celebrity shopping notes, among many others, are dominant nowadays. State-of-the-art methods are incapable of leveraging attributes from different types of items and thus suffer from data sparsity problems. And it is indeed quite challenging to represent items with different feature spaces jointly. To tackle this problem, we propose a kernel-based neural network, namely deep unified representation (or DURation) for heterogeneous recommendation, to jointly model unified representations of heterogeneous items while preserving their original feature space topology structures. Theoretically, we prove the representation ability of the proposed model. Besides, we conduct extensive experiments on real-world datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that with the unified representation, our model achieves remarkable improvement (e.g., 4.1% ~ 34.9% lift by AUC score and 3.7% lift by online CTR) over existing state-of-the-art models.
The relationship between Career Self-efficacy and Career Exploration behavior of Chinese Physical Education Students

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between self-efficacy and career exploration of Chinese physical education students Collecting samples from Physical Education students in Shandong province. Conducted data analysis with IBM SPSS 24.0 statistical program such as reliability test, exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results are as follows. First, it was confirmed that the selective elasticity of career decision-making self-efficacy had an effect on opportunity search among self-exploration behaviors. Second, it was found that the conviction and selective elasticity of career decision-making self-efficacy had an effect on self-exploration among job search behaviors. Third, it was found that the elasticity of choice among career decision-making self-efficacy had an effect on job search behavior during career opportunity search. Physical education college students with many practical classes have differences from other majors, so successful experiences during practical classes can appear positively in self-efficacy, and it is believed that providing employment-related counseling or online employment-related services will have a positive effect.
The state-of-the-art in authentication

As businesses move increasingly online, it's critical that they get authentication and authorisation right in order to preserve trust, says Jasmit Sagoo of Auth0.
FINDING WAYS TO IMPROVE AN ENGINEERING SPECIALIZATION

Due to the technological evolution, in the last two decades numerous new technical specializations have appeared in the engineering faculties. In the current context of sustainable development, environmental engineering specializations are becoming increasingly important. Unfortunately, representatives of the industrial environment are not always convinced of the importance of hiring the environmental engineering graduates in their organizations. Efforts related to the concern for the protection of the natural environment come voluntarily from the academic environment, but the representatives of the industrial environment manifest this concern most often only as a result of legislative constraints. The main purpose of the paper is to find ways to improve the specialization of Engineering and Environmental Protection in Industry in a Romanian faculty, starting from the opinions of one of the most important categories of stakeholders: the students. The research was mainly based on collecting their opinions through an online questionnaire distributed in early November 2021. One of the results of the research is that online teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic was one of the causes of respondents' declining interest in their specialization. Students made reasoned proposals to improve the curriculum, their relationship with teachers, and especially to increase their motivation to study this specialization. The paper opens new research directions on this topic, the most important of which is related to finding common approaches to this engineering specialization by all categories of stakeholders: employers in the industrial environment, the local community, students and academics.
25 years of the IPCC Data Distribution Centre at the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Data Distribution Centre (DDC) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) celebrates its 25th anniversary in 2022. DKRZ is the last remaining founding member among the DDC Partners. The contribution looks back on the past 25 years of the DDC at DKRZ from its establishment to the present. It shows which the milestones have been introduced in the areas of data management and data standardization, e.g.&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;the NetCDF/CF data standard,&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;li&amp;gt;the DataCite data DOI assignment enabling data citation, &amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;li&amp;gt;the data preservation and stewardship standards of the World Data System (WDS),&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;li&amp;gt;the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) as data infrastructure standard, or&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;li&amp;gt;the IPCC FAIR Guidelines for the current 6th Assessment Report (AR6).&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In addition to the continuous effort to adopt new standards and curate the data holdings, current challenges - technical and organizational - and possible future directions are discussed. The most difficult of the challenges remains the long-term strategy for sustainable DDC services as a part of an increasingly interoperable data service environment, which is technically described in the FAIR digital object framework and which is contentwise guided by the UN Sustainable Development Goal 13 on climate action.&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;(http://ipcc-data.org; http://ipcc.wdc-climate.de)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Geoscience for the next decade: how can geoscientists engage with communities in creating the next industrial revolution?

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) www.iugs60.org &amp;amp;#160;is the global champion for what is variously referred to as Earth sciences, Solid Earth Science or Geological Sciences. It is part of the International Science Council (ISC) https://council.science/ and works with several related ISC Unions and UNESCO. &amp;amp;#160;Our Earth is faced with mounting challenges related to the climate crisis, which are largely due to the extraction and burning of fossil fuels. The geological sciences have in past decades paved the way in understanding how to locate these fuels for industry to extract and society to use. The geological sciences also underpin mineral extraction, provision of building materials, groundwater, quality of soils and many other issues all of which are essential for human life on Earth.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The transition is underway and geoscientists will lead on several issues, most of which will raise ethical issues: subsurface energy systems in terms of ground stability, seismicity, extent of the resource the safety of the process; mining and the need for critical metals to satisfy new energy technologies &amp;amp;#8211; this includes more mining locally and ethically, thus affecting global mining regions and ethically, but also mining in extreme conditions e.g., on the seafloor or the moon; intensive farming and food production and the impacts on water supply and soil quality; the continued need for gold to underpin cryptocurrency; the need for sustainable investment and the move away from oil and gas investments.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;There are many more examples and all require a reasoned approach involving a delicate interplay of engineering, business, scientists including social and economic experts, and the public. The geological sciences will continue to be the part of the Earth systems science domains that drive economic growth. &amp;amp;#160;International Unions and meetings such as EGU are fora in which these debates can happen, however all too often they fail to bring together all the stakeholder in the debate.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We as geoscientists need to create the space to engage with the wider communities in the next industrial revolution.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;