Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
High-resolution oculomotor measurements via a digital Dual Purkinje Image eye-tracker

Precisely measuring eye movements and accurately localizing gaze are vital to understanding how humans acquire and process visual information. Here we present recent advances using the Dual Purkinje Image (DPI) approach, an eye-tracking method originally developed by Cornsweet and Crane in 1973. This method enhances resolution by measuring relative, rather than absolute, motion of reflections generated by surfaces at different distances from the eye rotation axis, specifically the cornea and the back of the lens (first and fourth Purkinje images, P1 and P4, respectively). These images move similarly under translation but differentially under rotations, facilitating rejection of translation artifacts. DPI methods have traditionally been implemented in cumbersome and fragile analog devices, which have remained restricted to specialized laboratories. However, recent advances in imaging technology and computational power now allow the DPI approach to be enriched with the flexibility and intelligence of digital systems and implemented in more compact and practical devices. We describe oculomotor measurements obtained with a digital DPI, which directly images the P1 and P4 reflections of an infrared beam by means of a high-speed camera. A real-time algorithm running on a dedicated GPU extracts the Purkinje images and uses them as a metric for eye rotation. Experimental results with both artificial and real eyes demonstrate that this system can resolve sub-arcminute eye rotations at 1Khz sampling rate. We show that the main DPI artifact, the post-saccadic movement of the lens, is highly predictable. The lens rebound lasts less than 20 ms for saccades of all sizes and has magnitude equal to ~14% of the saccade amplitude for saccades larger than 2o. We further show that the DPI approach can lead to arcminute-accuracy localization of the line of sight and can be implemented in a head-mounted device with minimal loss of resolution.
Pradvis vac: A socio-demographic dataset for determining the level of hatred severity in a low-resource Hinglish language

In multilingual societies like India, mixing the native language with English has become common during social media conversations. Further, due to the government’s digitization push, more people from rural India are joining social media platforms, resulting in the exponential growth of native or code-mixed content. The resultant content on social media is available for both positive (also termed as Hope Speech) as well as negative context (also termed as Hate Speech). To keep the social media clean and hate free, it is important to remove the negative content using machine learning filters. Since most of the existing hate content prediction models are trained using high resource language such as English, they fail to work on code-mixed text due to its spelling variance and non-grammatical structure. In addition, the lack of suitable training data could be one reason behind existing models’ poor performance on code-mixed text. To address these issues and promote research in this direction, we developed a manually annotated Hinglish Code-mixed corpus of 9254 comments taken from Twitter handles. We also annotated our data with the target audience and severity level. In each label, we provided a more fine-grained classification with three independent classes, and we built a Multi-label and Multi-class corpus for the severity of hate content prediction in Hinglish code-mixed text. Further, we modeled various supervised classifiers for severity prediction to validate our proposed data. The proposed models employ transformers for feature extraction and different machine learning and RNN (Recurrent neural network) models for classification. According to the experimental results, the target label combined with embeddings from Twitter text using the BiLSTM (a varient of RNN) classifier performed better on severity prediction, attaining an acceptable weighted F1 score.
Critical Understanding and Creative Alternatives of The 2022 Revision Draft of Nation-wide Middle School Curriculum

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the problems and issues that the recently announced 2022 revised curriculum summary will cause in light of the middle school curriculum operation experience, and further explore improvement tasks and suggest alternatives. Methods The contents of major issues were analyzed and critically understood in light of the 2015 curriculum operation experience. According to the revised announcement, the middle school curriculum is broadly designed to expand digital basic literacy and information education, connect free semesters and career-related semesters, reduce school sports club activities, secure 68 hours of school autonomous time per year, and expand the opening of school elective courses. Characterized by, etc. Reflecting the school field operation experience of the 2015 revised curriculum is expected to reduce another trial and error. Results According to the research results, first, if digital is basic literacy, science and technology subjects belonging to the same subject (district) share the role of information education from insufficient number of hours in information subjects, so that many information education contents are included in science and engineering subjects. It is necessary to strengthen IT convergence education such as artificial intelligence and maker in middle school technical education by separating technology and home subjects. Second, it is important to abolish the free semester system for the first year, which causes academic decline due to the corona virus, and to properly operate career-related education in the second semester of the third year as practical career guidance is continuously provided within the curriculum. need. Third, instead of dispersing creative experiential activities such as physical education club activities in several places, including school sports club activities, it is necessary to integrate them all into the ‘Physical Education’ section. Fourth, democratic citizenship education, ecological transformation education, and labor human rights education, which were decided to be applied to all subjects by using the use of school autonomous time secured at 68 hours per academic year, are not forcibly injected or reformed in accordance with the Voitelsbach Convention. It is necessary to keep in mind that political citizenship education takes place. Conclusions Therefore, the revision of the general summary of the middle school curriculum will greatly reduce the overlap of school-level goals, human image, and core competencies, actively utilize the school autonomous time to raise the basic academic ability that has plummeted, and focus on facts and scientific content, but avoid controversial content. By introducing the Wojtelsbach Agreement, brainwashing and infusion are avoided, and the revision can be better if it reflects the operational experience and wisdom of the field.
Modal Logics That Are Both Monotone and Antitone: Makinson’s Extension Results and Affinities between Logics

A notable early result of David Makinson establishes that every monotone modal logic can be extended to LI, LV, or LF, and every antitone logic can be extended to LN, LV, or LF, where LI, LN, LV, and LF are logics axiomatized, respectively, by the schemas □α↔α, □α↔¬α, □α↔⊤, and □α↔⊥. We investigate logics that are both monotone and antitone (hereafter amphitone). There are exactly three: LV, LF, and the minimum amphitone logic AM axiomatized by the schema □α→□β. These logics, along with LI, LN, and a wider class of “extensional” logics, bear close affinities to classical propositional logic. Characterizing those affinities reveals differences among several accounts of equivalence between logics. Some results about amphitone logics do not carry over when logics are construed as consequence or generalized (“multiple-conclusion”) consequence relations on languages that may lack some or all of the nonmodal connectives. We close by discussing these divergences and conditions under which our results do carry over.
Towards Evidence Retrieval Cost Reduction in Abstract Argumentation Frameworks with Fallible Evidence

Arguments in argumentation systems cannot always be considered as standalone entities, requiring the consideration of the pieces of evidence they rely on. This evidence might have to be retrieved from external sources such as databases or the web, and each attempt to retrieve a piece of evidence comes with an associated cost. Moreover, a piece of evidence may be available in a given scenario but not in others, and this is not known beforehand. As a result, the collection of active arguments (whose entire set of evidence is available) that can be used by the argumentation machinery of the system may vary from one scenario to another. In this work, we consider an Abstract Argumentation Framework with Fallible Evidence that accounts for these issues, and propose a heuristic measure used as part of the acceptability calculus (specifically, for building pruned dialectical trees) with the aim of minimizing the evidence retrieval cost of the arguments involved in the reasoning process. We provide an algorithmic solution that is empirically tested against two baselines and formally show the correctness of our approach.
Untangling operational performance implication of ambidextrous blockchain initiatives: an empirical investigation of Chinese manufacturers

Purpose Blockchain has been considered as a disruptive technology and every industry stands to benefit from it. According to Deloitte, increasing number of managers claim that their firms will suffer loss in competitive advantage if they do not adopt blockchain. Despite this motivation, insufficient knowledge on how can blockchain add value inhibits the commitment to its adoption. To better understand the possible influence of blockchain, two dimensions (exploitation and exploration) of blockchain initiatives are distinguished. This research aims to examine the impact of ambidextrous blockchain initiatives on firms' operational efficiency, as well as the moderating role of unabsorbed slack and environmental munificence. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, secondary panel data were collected from multiple sources to test the proposed hypotheses. Content analysis was adopted to operationalise ambidextrous blockchain initiatives from firms' official announcements. Findings The authors find that firms' ambidexterity in blockchain initiatives have significantly positive impact on operational efficiency. Furthermore, when firms have lower unabsorbed slack or in more munificent environments, they may benefit from managing a balance between exploration and exploitation. Originality/value This research offers some insightful theoretical and managerial implications of ambidextrous blockchain initiatives. The findings of this study contribute to blockchain literature by providing theory-driven empirical research.
Sector Diversity among IT Professionals in the Timing of Blockchain Adoption: An Attitudinal Perspective

Blockchain technology has the potential to reshape the conventional ways of processes and transactions on digital platforms. Much of the attention surrounding blockchain is mainly focused on the technical and organizational aspects. Comparatively, little effort has been targeted towards understanding the attitudinal issues in blockchain adoption. This study aims to explore the role of attitudinal forms behind the intended timing of IT professionals’ blockchain adoption, with an emphasis on the differences between the public and private sectors. A survey method was used where the data was collected from 208 IT professionals from public and private sector establishments in order to investigate how the different attitudes of the participants as well as the differences in their work sectors affect their intention to adopt blockchain. The data collected was analysed with ordinal logistic regression and the results indicate that the participants’ affective, normative and pessimistic attitudes have a significant effect on the timing of blockchain adoption, and that these effects show differences among the IT professionals from the public and private sector. The findings are believed to provide valuable information to researchers and strategists in forecasting the future evolution of the blockchain technology in terms of individual utilization. The results also will provide feedback to managers of different sectors in making decisions regarding blockchain adoption, developers of blockchain services, as well as individuals who are interested in using blockchain.
An abject failure of intelligence: intellectual property and artificial intelligence

Intellectual property law can only be useful in relation to artificial intelligence, the high watermark of the Information Revolution, if it is entirely reconstructed to move away from its 19th-century doctrinal precepts to something which makes transparent on its face the balancing of the interests of innovators, their competitors and we consumers. To do so it should be replaced, or at the very least supplemented, with a misappropriation law that protects the labour, skill, effort, investment of time and money of persons but makes clear that it is a defence to invest sufficient additional labour, skill, investment of time and money, and that that in itself may give rise to a new protectable right. Whether there is sufficient additional labour, skill, effort or investment of time and money can be determined by the concept of whether there is a transformative use. Regard must be had to whether the defendant added something new, with a further purpose or different character.
The use of notebooks by Bangladeshi rural women to preserve information

Purpose This article uses continuum theory to analyse how Bangladeshi rural women who participated in an information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) project accessed and preserved information during and after the end of the project. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted over the phone with a sample of the project participants two years after the end of the ICT4D project, and a survey of all the participants in one village was conducted face-to-face by one of the project participants using a questionnaire developed by the author. Findings The majority of the participants used paper notebooks to write down information that they received in digital format during the project as a guarantee against the fragility of digital data and continued to use them to access and preserve information after the end of the project. Practical implications The author suggests that the application of proactive appraisal during the planning stage and throughout ICT4D projects can ensure that the longer-term needs of the communities for information and their capacities to use specific formats will be considered. Originality/value The author applies the continuum theory concept of proactive appraisal to the use of information in an ICT4D context and argues that it can help with assessing the information needs of marginalised communities and the technologies and formats that should be used to ensure that the information provided to them will remain accessible for as long as they need it.
A Single-inductor Triple-output Buck DC-DC Converter with Electromagnetic Gated Low Dropouts for Higher Resistance to Electromagnetic and Power Side-Channel Attacks with 3B Minimum Traces to Disclosure Improvement in Internet of Things Applications

Electronics in Internet of Things (IoTs) not only need high efficiency and compact size but also require high security ability to protect personal information. In the advanced encryption system (AES) engines of IoTs, side channel attack (SCA) can crack its secret keys through power consumption and electromagnetic (EM) energy leaked signature in the power chip. Therefore, the latest technologies focus on how to improve Minimum Traces to Disclosure (MTD) through the design of power converters to achieve high security. Digital low dropout (DLDO) regulator in [1] adds a fixed voltage and a random voltage to generate a random reference voltage to ensure the random power current at the cost of large output voltage ripple. A dummy loading in [2] is in parallel to the load to keep constant input current. Unfortunately, large power loss caused by the dropout voltage $( \mathrm{V}_{supply}- \mathrm{V}_{AES})$ and the leakage current $\mathrm{I}_{bleed}$ will reduce the efficiency in the top left of Fig. 1, although the EM leaked signature protection can be improved by different metal layers in the layout in [2]. Instead of LDOs, integrated switching regulators in [3–4] have a random switching frequency to disturb the input power where [3] uses a random delay generator and [4] utilizes a true random number generator (TRNG). It is difficult to crack its secret keys through the power signature but the EM leaked signature easily reveals the information since the inductor is off-chip (top right of Fig. 1). A well-designed power management (PM) has multiple outputs regulated by multiple single-inductor single-output (SISO) converters. Although inductor-based PM has high efficiency, obvious disadvantages include large-size indicators and EM leakage from inductors $\mathrm{L}_{1}- \mathrm{L}_{3}$.
The psychological problem with ransomware

Our fears about being targeted by a cyber attack are understood – and exploited – by malicious actors. This is why, in building your defences against attacks – especially ransomware – you need to consider the psychological factors.
Factors for Building an Intellectual Property Culture

In modern conditions of innovative processes development, the creative personality, as well as the appeal to human capital, comes to the fore. The ideas, technologies and developments generated by human creative work, as well as the transaction (considered in the article as a method of social retraining) of intellectual property, become the realities of modern society. In this regard, the term “intellectual property culture” is of great importance, which is studied both by followers of this phenomenon and by specialists working in the field of intellectual property. A number of authors note that there is no understanding of intellectual property among people, its culture has not been formed. This research is relevant because it can contribute to achieving the goals of scientific and technological development, innovative transformation of society, activates a creative personality to produce new results of intellectual activity. The article gives its own definition of intellectual property culture. A significant role in its formation can be played by libraries, which are transformed and acquire new functions of educational and social-communication interaction. The activities of the All-Russian Patent and Technical Library of the Federal Institute of Industrial Property to popularize the field of intellectual property through the “soft power” factor are aimed at working with various target audiences. For adults, they hold thematic meetings on diverse intellectual property issues. In addition, they pay great attention to working with patent information to improve the effectiveness of research in scientific and technical fields. The patent information is a reflection of the results of scientific and design work and makes it possible to evaluate the idea of an invention and determine the starting point of the search for new solutions. As a conclusion, the article presents direct, indirect and prospective factors of the influence of library activities on the formation of intellectual property culture.
Speaking Problems Faced by Lower Secondary School Efl Learners

Speaking is one of the important English learning skills to master. This study is about the analysis of students' difficulties in speaking English at SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Sidoarjo, which aims to find out the problems of speaking English experienced by students in grades 7A and 7B of SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Sidoarjo.In this study, researchers used qualitative research methods. By using the subject of classes 7A and 7B consisting of 44 students. In collecting data, researchers used questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Researchers used three main phases of data analysis: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. From the data analysis, the researcher found the difficulties and factors experienced by students in learning to speak English at SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Sidoarjo, as follows: lack of vocabulary, lack of pronunciation, fear of making mistakes, and shame. Of these problems, the most dominant problems are vocabulary and pronunciation. Most of them stated that they were afraid to speak because of their lack of vocabulary and pronunciation. They feel afraid if they make mistakes in pronouncing words in English.
“Through the looking glass”: technology behind text to image generators Part 2

Purpose By involving themselves in this emerging technology, libraries can directly impact their patrons for good and demonstrate their relevance to a world where text and images are increasingly interchangeable. Design/methodology/approach This column will provide an overview of how Midjourney, DALL·E, Stable Diffusion and Google fund their text-to-image generation and the incentives those models create. Findings The ability to easily generate complex images from text creates marketing and information literacy opportunities for libraries, as well as raising issues of stewardship and disinformation. Originality/value By understanding how Midjourney, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion and Google fund their text-to-image generation and the incentives created by their operation, libraries will be better positioned to imagine their role in meeting the challenges created by this technology.
LSTM-based Traffic Gesture Recognition using MediaPipe Pose

An important aspect of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) is having the ability to replicate and surpass a human's perception through the use of sensors. This will allow the AV to view its surroundings and make proper decisions during operation to guarantee the safety of both its passengers and surroundings. To achieve this, a pose extraction algorithm called MediaPipe, and an LSTM classification model will be used in conjunction to determine and classify traffic gestures from video input. It was seen that the proposed model was able to achieve good results based on a data set consisting of traffic gestures performed in an indoor environment, with a stationary camera. The proposed key point detection and LSTM model approach is a promising solution to the traffic gesture classification problem.