Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Exchange Rate Volatility and Output Growth in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (1980- 2015)

IntroductionOver the years, the issues of exchange rate volatility and macroeconomic performance has continued to occupy the front banner in macroeconomic researches all over the world.Different methods have been employed by various researchers and scholars both in developed and developing economies to unravel the impact of exchange rate volatility on output growth such as (Dincer & Kandil, 2011; Erdal, Erdal & Esengu, 2012; Alagidede& Ibrahim, 2016 and Danladi & Uba, 2016).In Africa, several measures have been taken by various governments in some ECOWAS member countries in order to ensure increase in output of goods and services; one of such measures is to adopt a floating exchange rate thereby devalue their currency.The aim of this is to make their products cheaper at international market and promote output growth.However, after some of the ECOWAS countries adopted floating exchange rate regime, the nominal exchange rate became more volatile (Suranovic, 2005).Also, in Ghana, the Ghanaian cedi depreciates from GHC0.0036 to US dollar in 1984 to GHC0.0054 to US dollar in 1985 representing 33.3 per cent while growth in real GDP falls from about 8.7 per cent to about 5.1 per cent during this period.In year 2010, the value of Ghana cedi further depreciates from about GHC43 to US dollar in 2010 to about GHC1.51 to US dollar in 2011 representing about 5.4 per cent while growth in real GDP in Ghana almost doubled when it moves from about 7.9 per cent to about 14.05 per cent during this period.More so in Francophone countries, the value of West African CFA Franc Burkina Faso, the West African CFA Franc depreciates from about CFA271.73 to US dollar in 1981 to about CFA328.61 to US dollars in 1982 representing about 20.93 per cent while real GDP in Burkina Faso grew from about 4.55 per cent to about 9.56 per cent during this period (WDI, 2016).The statistical analyses above show that, devaluation of exchange rate may not necessary lead to output growth.For instance, from the above analysis, it shows that even during the period of appreciation in the exchange rate, some economies record appreciable increase in their level of output growth while some economies record decline in growth level of output in their countries during the period of depreciation in exchange rate.The changes in growth of output in these countries might be as a result of volatility in exchange rate.Hence, in order to ascertain the real impact of exchange rate volatility on output growth, this study examines the relationship between exchange rate volatility and output growth in ECOWAS countries.Several empirical studies have evaluated the impact of exchange rate volatility on output growth in both developed and developing countries.Some of these studies were country specific studies (Sorsa,
CONSTRUCTIVISM AS THE PHILOSOPHICAL-EPISTEMOLOGICAL ORIENTATION OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE USA

Constructivism has emerged as a dominant conceptual orientation of teacher education systems in the USA and worldwide. Nevertheless, it is underrepresented in the research conducted in Ukraine. The present paper thus aims at carrying out multifaceted overview of the constructivist theory and interpretive paradigm as a philosophical and epistemological foundation of the American teacher education. In the study such complementary research methods are employed as analysis, synthesis, interpretation, as well as the method of generalizing effective practices of constructivist teacher education in the USA. The paper begins with the discussion of philosophical and epistemological underpinnings of the US teacher education system, in which the theory of constructivism and interpretive paradigm feature prominently. The key categories of the aforementioned philosophical-epistemological stance are the teacher’s personality and socio-cultural context predetermining their professional development and growth. A number of diverse research traditions take up the issue of constructivism and its implementation into teacher education and development. Integration of the underlying tenets of constructivism in the USA establishments of higher education has led to the abandonment of the more authoritarian traditional models built around knowledge transmission. Prompted by constructivism, prospective teachers are viewed as the subjects of knowledge construction and self-development being delegated with responsibilities and the right to take an active stance with regard to personal and professional growth within a community. Features of effective teacher education programmes incorporating constructivist ideas across the USA include the following: reflective thinking development, student centeredness, collaborative learning, problem posing and solving of profession-related tasks, extensive teaching practice, involving prospective teachers in research and some others. As shown by substantial empirical research base, the advantages of incorporating the underlying principles of constructivism into teacher education are indisputable as compared to more traditional models, in terms of development of professional awareness, overcoming stereotypical views and biases of prospective teachers.
Attitude of medical students towards the use of audio visual aids during didactic lectures in Pharmacology in Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India

Background: Students favthisteaching methods employing combination of audio visual aids and blackboard teaching over didactic lectures not using these aids. Different methods of lecture are-blackboard teaching, power point presentations (PPT) and mix of aids. This study was primarily done to know the students’ attitude and preferences regarding the lectures using PowerPoint (PPT) presentations and the traditional ‘black-board teaching’ method with an aim to improve the quality of didactic lectures in pharmacology by their appropriate use in further teaching – learning process, with an aim to improve their use in didactic lectures.Methods: A questionnaire-based observational study (annexure-1) observational study was conducted among all the medical students of 4th semester MBBS attending theory classes in the department of Pharmacology in Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal.Results: In this study, as a whole Majority 68 % (42 students) of students preferred mix of aids as teaching method over blackboard and power point. Sixty two students participated in the study out of which 58% (36) were male and students 42% (26) were female. Students told that the lectures using mix of aids were well organized and the lecture contents were well informative. As far as matter of suggestions is concerned 46 (74.2 %) students gave suggestions to improve teaching methods. As compared to blackboard the lectures taken on PowerPoint were clearly visible and well audible to all the students of the classroom..Conclusions: This study demonstrates that lectures delivered by using a mixture of audio visual aids are more appreciated by the students over blackboard teaching and power-point teaching individually. For further improving their lectures, if possible teachers should plan to implement feasible student suggestions by using a combination of audio visual aids.
Cybercrime and Authorship Detection in Very Short Texts A Quantitative Morpho-lexical Approach

Abstract The present study proposes an integrated framework that considers letter-pair frequencies/combinations along with the lexical features of documents. Drawing on a quantitative morpho-lexical approach, the study tests the hypothesis that letter information or mapping carries unique stylistic features; and therefore detecting stable word combinations and morphological patterns can be used to enhance the authorship performance in relation to very short texts. The data used for analysis is a corpus of 12240 tweets derived from 87 Twitter accounts. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) model is used for classifying the input patterns that share common features together as a clue that tweets grouped under one class membership are written by the same author. Results indicate that the classification accuracy based on the proposed system is around 76%. Up to 22% of this accuracy was lost, however, when only distinctive words were used, and 26% was lost when the classification performance was based on letter combinations and morphological patterns only. The integration of letter-pairs and morphological patterns had the advantage of improving the accuracy of determining the author of a given tweet. This indicates that the integration of different linguistic variables into an integrated system leads to a better classification performance of very short texts. It is also clear that the use of the self-organizing map (SOM) led to better clustering performance for its capacity to integrate two different linguistic levels of each author profile together.  .
Automated Labeling Process for Unknown Images in an open-world Scenario

Most of the recognition systems presume a controlled, well-defined research setting, where all possible classes that can appear during a test are known a priori.This environment is referred to as the "closed-world" model, while the "open-world" model implies that unknown classes can be incorporated into a recognition algorithm whilst being predicted.Therefore, recognition systems that operate in the real world have to deal with these unknown categories.Our objective was not only to detect data that originate from categories unseen during training, but to identify similarities between pieces of unknown data and then form new classes by automatically labeling them.Our Double Probability Model was extended by an image clustering algorithm, in which Kernel K-means was used.A new procedure, namely the Cluster Classification algorithm for the detection of unknowns and automated labeling, is proposed.These approaches facilitate the transition from openset recognition to an open-world problem.The Fisher Vector (FV) was used for the mathematical representation of the images and then a Support Vector Machine introduced as a classifier.The measurement of similarity was based on the FV representations.Experiments were conducted on the Caltech101 and Caltech256 datasets of images and the Rand Index was evaluated over the unknown data.The results showed that our proposed Cluster Classification algorithm was able to yield almost the same Rand Index, even though the number of unknown categories increased.
HOW TO INCREASE JOB SATISFACTION IN BANKING SECTOR THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL AND SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

This study examines the effects of perceived organizational and social support and emotional intelligence of banking sector employees' on job satisfaction.Survey responses from 223 bank employees in Turkey were analyzed and which factor effects job satisfaction more was determined.When the research results are examined, the H1 hypothesis established on the assumption that perceived organizational support has a positive effect on job satisfaction has been supported.The H2 hypothesis based on the assumption that perceived social support has a positive effect on job satisfaction is rejected.H3 hypothesis based on the idea that emotional intelligence has a positive effect on job satisfaction has been rejected.The findings of this research have important theoretical and practical implications for banking sector.Applied implications of the results are discussed.
Building Favorite School Character Through Self-Evaluation of Emi Models

One of the excellent school characters is having a focused and specific work plan.To prepare a targeted and specific work plan, accurate data on the non-achievement of targets in the national school standard are required.In this connection requires self-evaluation of the school.During this time the entire school has done self-evaluation online.However, many obstacles faced by the school.For that, we need a breakthrough self-evaluation EMI Model.EMI or Evaluation Internal Quality is an internal quality evaluation model developed by the Human Resources Development Agency for Education and Quality Assurance for Education Quality Assurance Center (BPSDMP-PMP) which has been implemented in LPTK.EMI is a systemic activity of inherent quality educational quality assurance (internally driven), to oversee the continuous improvement of school education.EMI schools have so many advantages that they need to be implemented across all primary schools.With the implementation of the EMI Model's self-evaluation, the school can provide a rapid, precise, and focused work plan.As a result, the time required for repair is relatively fast.And ultimately, schools that implement self-evaluation EMI models become excellent school characters.
Социально-политические и педагогические аспекты формирования интернет-культуры

The article is devoted to the consideration of the political Internet meme as a phenomenon of modern information culture.Basing on the fact that Internet memes are derivatives of mass-orientation and show-orientation, the author turns to the analysis of the Internet meme as a tool for managing public consciousness in the context of a political-semantic approach.The paper pays a special attention to identifying the destructive effects of political Internet memes.
An Instructional Model for Enhancing EFL Learners' Speaking Proficiency

Due to the central role of speaking skill and its escalating demands of instruction in various levels of education in Indonesia, a myriad of teaching approaches and strategies have been applied to equip learners with the competences enabling the development of this skill. As a widespread approach to English language teaching (ELT), which gains its popularity within the context of EFL, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is geared towards learners’ communicative competence comprising of grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence as the underlying abilities of speaking proficiency. The development of these competences can be better facilitated when learning takes its place both in and outside classrooms as the latter provides potential promises for learners’ speaking proficiency development. For this reason, this paper presents learners’ challenges for learning speaking, the model activities in and outside classrooms, the importance of speaking instruction and the components of communicative competence and speaking proficiency.
Correction to: Modeling the effects of land cover change on sediment concentrations in a gold-mined Amazonian basin

The article which was recently published contained error. The second given names “Andrade” and “de Lucia” were captured as particles. Given in this article is the correct naming of authors.
FUNCTION OF CODE SWITCHING USED IN TEACHER’S TALK OF SMA EL-SHADAI MAGELANG IN THE SCHOOL YEAR OF 2017/2018

English is a foreign language in Indonesia. Many people in Indonesia have started to learn it. Due to that, code-switching phenomenon can occur among Indonesians when people learn it. The phenomenon also occurred in the SMA EL-SHADAI Magelang, where the teacher used code-switching to teach English. The teacher did it since the English language was still the foreign language for all primary students there. There were two research questions to be answered. They were 1) what are the function of code switching that are used by the teacher? and 2) what is the dominant function of code switching that are used by the teacher? The researcher used a qualitative method. It was a discourse analysis since it is a study on the language use and sentence. To answer both questions, the data were gathered by observing the teacher when the teacher taught some classes. The teacher was chosen purposely. The data were gathered by observing the teacher. The data identified based on Mattson and Burenhult (1999) theory.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN DISIPLIN KERJA SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN INTERNAL (Survei pada Aparatur Sipil Negara di Instansi Pemerintah Kota Medan)

The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of human resource information systems that will affect the discipline of work and which give impact to improving service quality. Research method used in this research is descriptive analysis and verification analysis. Descriptive analysis method and verifikatif analysis was chosen in this study, because it is necessary to know or describe every variable under study&#x0D; Human resources information system in Medan city administration can not be implemented properly where the implementation of human resource information system still has some problems such as the problem of low human resources ability in running information systems, slow internet access, less supportive hardware, and others .ASN in Medan city administration does not have high discipline which is indicated by the ineffective use of time, the number of ASN disobedient to the peratiran which resulted in many employees are given government discipline sanction.Quality of internal service in the city government of Medan is now good where already enough ASNs are already satisfied with the internal services they receive.&#x0D; Implementation of human resource information system have a positive and significant influence to ASN discipline in Medan city administration, ASN work discipline has significant effect to internal service quality in Medan city government, Implementation of human resource information system has significant effect to internal service quality in Medan city government, Implementation Human Resource Information System has no significant effect on internal service quality in Medan City government through work discipline.
The experimental simulation of ores leaching processes from the deposit Lyubov (Transbaykalia)

The experiments on the sulfuric acid leaching of main ore-bearing rocks of gold deposit Lyubov (Zabaikalsky Krai) were carried out for the determination of mobile chemical elements in acidic landscapes weathering processes. The chemical composition of ore samples, major and minor minerals have been determined. The composition of the ore and rock-forming minerals were studied by X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses and electron microscopy. According to the results of the experiments has been revealed a group of mobile chalcophile elements (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd), V group elements (As, Sb, Bi) associated with sulfide minerals and a group of rare and trace elements. It has been determined that with contents below clarkes abundance the lanthanides, cesium, chromium, germanium are rapidly moved in acidic solution.
The Critical Mass Question, Women Directors and Performance of Banks in Sub Saharan Africa

This study mainly evaluated the effect of Board composition on the performance of deposit money banks (DMBs) in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) with special focus on the critical mass question. Specific objectives are determination of the effect of women directors and board composed of more non-executive directors on return on assets (ROA) and net interest margin (NIM) of the banks. Secondary data on six SSA countries and twelve banks collected for the period 2004 to 2016 were used. Panel data regression approach was employed with model selection subjected to Hausman tests. The study revealed among others that board with more nonexecutive directors has significant positive effect on ROA and NIM with significant positive relationship with ROA and NIM. Women directors have very negligible effect on performance of the DMBs while correlating negatively and insignificantly with ROA and NIM. It is therefore, concluded that though, nonexecutive directors have strong positive significant effect on performance of deposit money banks in Sub Saharan Africa and women directors indicate very negligible effect, the conflicts over the effect of the two variables are not yet fully resolved. It is recommended that DMBs should make room for at least three female directors in their boards while adoption and enforcement of gender quota by countries should be considered.
Describing the steganalysis tool: BBD15 “OurSecret detector”

Digital steganography is the art of hiding secret messages and data in innocent cover, most likely in images and videos. Images and videos offer the best cover files for steganography with their high capacity, by being innocent and for being easily exchanged without raising the suspicions of a third party. A lot are the free tools that embeds data in images and videos, among which is OurSecret. In this paper we aim to detect the stego images and videos created by OurSecret by developing a steganalysis tool BBD15.
Application of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets for Conflict Resolution Modeling and Agent Based Simulation

The purpose of the cluster analysis is to find groups of objects with similar characteristics.Different methods are already developed.In the current research work a CLIQUE: Clustering in quest algorithm is investigated.The presented method combines subspace grid-based and density-based techniques to determine clusters of objects.Generalized net of cluster analysis using CLIQUE: Clustering in quest algorithm is constructed.The presented Generalized net can be used for description and monitoring the parallel processes in the cluster analysis.
Returns on Investment (ROI) In Child’s Early Education

This study has highlighted a formula for calculating investment in Early Childhood Education (ECE) which involved two government kindergartens and two private kindergartens.The purpose of this study is to provide in-depth information on the investments made by the government and private sector in order to generate first-class human capital as early as the birth age.This is because every investment that has been made should be positive in returns on investment to generate the country's economy.
Hybrid Theme Crawler Based on Links and Semantics

Common theme crawler generally analyses the page content or link structure, without solving the problem of computational complexity and easy “myopia”, resulting in the page of recall and precision is not high. This paper introduces a mixed theme decision strategy, which fully considers the text content and link structure of the page. By introducing knowledge map database and entity database, the computational complexity is simplified and the judgment accuracy is increased. The experiment shows that the rate of inspection and precision is greatly improved.
Establishment of the Docker-Based Laboratory Environment

At present, part of the experimental environment of computer science courses and the software development environment of the school are built based on virtual machines.As the number of students rapidly increases, the demand for virtual machines goes up correspondingly.Virtual machines consume a lot of resources, and the shortage of resources becomes the bottleneck of laboratory construction.According to the current situation of school resources, this paper proposes to build a docker-based laboratory environment for computer course teaching as well as software development and test, so as to provide teachers and students with various lightweights and stable Linux system services.
대학교 영어 작문 수업에서 비판적 영어 글쓰기를 통한 비판적 사고력 신장 효과 분석

The purpose of this paper was to explore learners’ improvement in critical thinking through critical writing for a college-level English class in...
Relación entre posicionamiento y problematización en la producción escrita en estudiantes de posgrado

Problematization is a fundamental moment in research work, since it is closely linked to the development of objectives and ultimately to the construction of new knowledge based on the knowledge already extantwithin the discipline in question. This paper suggeststhat a functional problematization is linkedto the way in which novel researchers establish a dialoguewith other voices withinthe discipline, how theyadopt a position aboutthe voices of theothers, andthe type of contrasts they makeamong previous data known aboutthe subject.