Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Semi-Supervised Learning, Causality and the Conditional Cluster Assumption

While the success of semi-supervised learning (SSL) is still not fully understood, Scholkopf et al. (2012) have established a link to the principle of independent causal mechanisms. They conclude that SSL should be impossible when predicting a target variable from its causes, but possible when predicting it from its effects. Since both these cases are somewhat restrictive, we extend their work by considering classification using cause and effect features at the same time, such as predicting disease from both risk factors and symptoms. While standard SSL exploits information contained in the marginal distribution of all inputs (to improve the estimate of the conditional distribution of the target given inputs), we argue that in our more general setting we should use information in the conditional distribution of effect features given causal features. We explore how this insight generalises the previous understanding, and how it relates to and can be exploited algorithmically for SSL.
Learning to Rank in Entity Relationship Graphs

Many real-world data sets are modeled as entity relationship graphs or heterogeneous information networks. In these graphs, nodes represent entities and edges mimic relationships. ObjectRank extends the well-known PageRank authority flow–based ranking method to entity relationship graphs using an authority flow weight vector (W). The vector W assigns a different authority flow–based importance (weight) to each edge type based on domain knowledge or personalization. In this paper, our contribution is a framework for Learning to Rank in entity relationship graphs to learn W, in the context of authority flow. We show that the problem is similar to learning a recursive scoring function. We present a two-phase iterative solution and multiple variants of learning. In pointwise learning, we learn W, and hence the scoring function, from the scores of a sample of nodes. In pairwise learning, we learn W from given preferences for pairs of nodes. To demonstrate our contribution in a real setting, we apply our framework to learn the rank, with high accuracy, for a real-world challenge of predicting future citations in a bibliographic archive—that is, the FutureRank score. Our extensive experiments show that with a small amount of training data, and a limited number of iterations, our Learning to Rank approach learns W with high accuracy. Learning works well with pairwise training data in large graphs.
On the Realization of Compositionality in Neural Networks

We present a detailed comparison of two types of sequence to sequence models trained to conduct a compositional task. The models are architecturally identical at inference time, but differ in the way that they are trained: our baseline model is trained with a task-success signal only, while the other model receives additional supervision on its attention mechanism (Attentive Guidance), which has shown to be an effective method for encouraging more compositional solutions (Hupkes et al.,2019). We first confirm that the models with attentive guidance indeed infer more compositional solutions than the baseline, by training them on the lookup table task presented by Liska et al. (2019). We then do an in-depth analysis of the structural differences between the two model types, focusing in particular on the organisation of the parameter space and the hidden layer activations and find noticeable differences in both these aspects. Guided networks focus more on the components of the input rather than the sequence as a whole and develop small functional groups of neurons with specific purposes that use their gates more selectively. Results from parameter heat maps, component swapping and graph analysis also indicate that guided networks exhibit a more modular structure with a small number of specialized, strongly connected neurons.
FORMATION OF PUPILS' MUSIC LEARNING EXPERIENCE AND SELF-EXPRESSION SKILLS IN SOCIO-EMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES

When emphasizing a role of education in development of creative personality, attention during the process of teaching music is paid to the pupil’s social and emotional learning which determines formation of self-expression skills based on the pupil’s attitude and personal qualities. Emotions as one of the main mechanisms of mental activity and behavior are directed toward satisfaction of current needs, while social processes determine a way how a pupil assesses intensity of the motivation establishing emotional stimulus. The motivation area of the self-expression formation in teaching music is determined by the social and emotional learning environment of the pupil, facilitating interaction of emotional and cognitive processes, and formation of mutual relationships in family, class, school and among peers. The aim of the study: to characterize the types of social and emotional activity facilitating self-expression of pupils in teaching music, their correlation with the self-expression of the pupil’s personality in social environment. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the author’s teaching experience, thematic analysis of the pupil’s essays in emotional and social context.
A recursive algorithm for solving “a secret sharing” problem

This paper presents a recursive algorithm for solving “a secret sharing” problem. This problem is one of the unsolved problems in the Second International Students Olympiad in Cryptography (NSUCRYPTO2015). Recently, Geut et al. solved the problem in a special case. We show that our algorithm is able to solve it in general.
On Hamiltonian Properties of Honeycomb Meshes

In this paper, we investigated Hamiltonian properties of honeycomb meshes which are created in two different ways. We obtained different Hamilton paths for Honeycomb Meshes for any dimension with using n-bit gray code. Finally, we gave an algorithm which is used to label the nodes of Honeycomb Meshes.
Development of a Convex Surface Measurement Using Prescription Retrieval

The test geometry for a subaperture-scanning measurement technique for convex optical surfaces is discussed. Preliminary simulations of a convex spherical measurement using a prescription retrieval algorithm are demonstrated.
Generalized continuous wavelet transform on locally compact abelian group

In this paper the mother wavelet on locally compact abelian groups is defined. The continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) and some of its basic properties are obtained. Its inversion formula, the Parseval relation and associated convolution are also studied.
Fear Appeal Inducement in Pop up Design for IS Procedure Compliance

Guidelines or policies on information security (IS) procedure were imposed by organizations to ensure that their assets and valuable information are well protected. Previous studied showed that there are relations between IS compliance and employees' behavior and/or emotion. However, the study of emotion influences on IS compliance need to be explored more as the emotion concept in IS realm is huge to be covered and lack of methodology available. Previous literature evidenced that fear does influence employees' behavior towards IS procedure that reflects from too high and too low fear inducement. There are needs in finding the right amount of fear inducement in IS to prevent neglect and ignorance act by users especially an organization's employees. Accordingly, this research implements Kansei Engineering as the methodology in measuring emotion through design of computer security communication (SecCom) as the instrument for fear appeal. The fear emotion concept was elaborated for better understanding on the importance of implementation of fear emotion in IS design. Therefore, this research served as a preliminary study of ongoing emotion research in IS and provides empirical contribution in the HCI field.
CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS BY MEANS OF INFORMATION – COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article deals with the problem of formation of creative activity among students in the process of using information and communication technologies (ICT) in the educational process of a higher educational establishment: features, prospects and conditions for effective formation of creative activity. The article describes an empirical study of the current level of formation of students' creative activity, gives examples of creative tasks developed by using ICT and recommendations for optimizing of the process of forming students' creative activity by means of ICT tools.
Evaluating Geospatial RDF stores Using the Benchmark Geographica 2

Since 2007, geospatial extensions of SPARQL, like GeoSPARQL and stSPARQL, have been defined and corresponding geospatial RDF stores have been implemented. In addition, some work on developing benchmarks for evaluating geospatial RDF stores has been carried out. In this paper, we revisit the Geographica benchmark defined by our group in 2013 which uses both real world and synthetic data to test the performance and functionality of geospatial RDF stores. We present Geographica 2, a new version of the benchmark which extends Geographica by adding one more workload, extending our existing workloads and evaluating 5 more RDF stores. Using three different real workloads, Geographica 2 tests the efficiency of primitive spatial functions in RDF stores and the performance of the RDF stores in real use case scenarios, a more detailed evaluation is performed using a synthetic workload and the scalability of the RDF stores is stressed with the scalability workload. In total eight systems are evaluated out of which six adequately support GeoSPARQL and two offer limited spatial support.
Validity and Reliability of Teacher-Made English Summative Test at Second Grade of Vocational High School 2 Palopo

This research aimed to find out the validity and reliability of the English summative test for the second grade of Vocational High School 2 Palopo. The research applied mix-method design (Qualitative-Quantitative). The researcher analyzed the data using validity and reliability formula by Suharsimi Arikunto and Kuder-Richardsonâ€™s. There were 40 multiple choice questions of English summative test. This research used expert judgement as validator to analyzed and commented the validity and reliability of English summative test made by the English teacher at second grade of Vocational high school 2 Palopo. The result indicated that the test items of English summative test at second grade of Vocational High School 2 Palopo had good content validity. Based on the percentage, the researcher found that the English summative test was 80% valid in terms of its conformity with the indicators. The items tests that represent the suggested indicators in the syllabus were 32 items and the inconformity items were 8 items. The reliability of English summative test was 0.6132. It means that the reliability of English summative test was in classification into the high level (0.60-0.799).
Lifelong Learning with a Changing Action Set

In many real-world sequential decision making problems, the number of available actions (decisions) can vary over time. While problems like catastrophic forgetting, changing transition dynamics, changing rewards functions, etc. have been well-studied in the lifelong learning literature, the setting where the action set changes remains unaddressed. In this paper, we present an algorithm that autonomously adapts to an action set whose size changes over time. To tackle this open problem, we break it into two problems that can be solved iteratively: inferring the underlying, unknown, structure in the space of actions and optimizing a policy that leverages this structure. We demonstrate the efficiency of this approach on large-scale real-world lifelong learning problems.
The impact of technology on access to law and the concomitant repercussions: past, present, and the future (from the 1980s to present time)

Abstract That technology increasingly impacts everything that is linked to law—from access to law, legal education, the services provided by the legal industry, and, increasingly, even adjudication (in-court or via alternative dispute resolution)—is a fact. The role that technology plays in these contexts varies, yet one may safely presume that the influence will intensify. In order to reflect on the future, this article canvasses and tries to draw some conclusions based on the comparison of accessibility to foreign and local law in the hard copy versus the digital and Internet-based, as well as the recently unfolding era of algorithms. The examples range from the curious encounter of Central and Eastern European socialist enterprises and law students with punitive damages and strict tortious liability known in the USA through the most recent launching of the first transnational letter of credit transaction exploiting blockchain technology. The advancements generated by technology advancements in these three stages are then reflected upon primarily from the perspectives of (i) researchers and lecturers of law as well as legal education; (ii) company boards and managements (especially foreign market-oriented business firms) formulating their business policies; and (iii) regulators as well as law and policy-makers. The article concludes with thoughts on the broader implications of enhanced access to law. In particular, it posits that technology has made the shift from ‘mechanical’ to ‘analytic access to law’ possible. Yet it also raises the more fundamental question of whether the advancements denote, and the selected examples properly illustrate, that a more fundamental shift is unfolding: a shift from governance by law to governance by technology?
The effect of mapping instructional materials on EFL learners with different types of materials

The present study examined the effect of mapping Instructional Materials on EFL learners of different types of materials, and the participant learned a different kind of book content, design, and layout of instructional materials. Also, it describes need analysis and creates a model of instructional materials through in-depth discussion among teachers of secondary schools. Data of the study were collected from six English teachers and students of three classes at three different secondary schools in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study provided critical, meaningful data collection to support what English teacher perception about the design book. Pretest and posttest design were administered to see the effectiveness of the mapping, practicing, and using strategy. Questionnaires were administered to see the teachers and students’ perception toward the instructional materials. It was found that Mapping instructional, practicing, and using strategy is effective in improving the English achievement; instructional materials with different strategies improve the English achievement of the students.
TEACHERS’ AND SCHOOL HEADS’ POSITION ABOUT THE CHANGES AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP IN GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOL

The article deals with the problems of the changes and prospects of the development of general education school heads’ and teachers’ leadership: the importance of school heads’ and teachers’ leadership for systemic change of the quality of school activity has been substantiated, the features of the relations between leadership and the changes in school culture and management have been highlighted, the essential tendencies of the expression of teachers’ leadership have been presented; referring to the results of the research school heads’ and teachers’ position about the changes and prospects of the development of leadership in school has been analysed, the essential factors stimulating and impeding the development of leadership in school have been substantiated.
The English Department Freshmen's Reading Habit and Their Attitude toward Reading

SUMMARY Zulkarnain, Riza Syarif. 2018. The English DepartmentFreshmen’s Reading Habit and Their Attitude toward Reading. Thesis, Department of English, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang. Advisors: (I) Prof. Bambang Yudi Cahyono, M.Pd, M.A.,Ph.D (II) Dr. Furaidah, M.A. Key words: Extensive reading, reading habit, attitude, freshmen In the teaching of English as a foreign language, reading habit is important for the developtment of students’ English. Therefore,this study aims at finding freshmens’ reading habit and their attitude toward reading. The research design of this study is a web-based survey. The subjects of this study were 122 first year students. The subjects were classified into 81 female and 41 male students. To collect data from the freshmen, a questionnaire based on google form was used. The questionnaire consisted of 38 statements that were developed based on five indicators of reading habit. They are kinds of materials read, frequency of reading, the average time spent on reading, the freshmen’s clear reading goals, and freshmen’s attitude toward reading. The freshmen’s responses to the questionnaire show that the freshmen already have reading habit as their habitual action. To the first indicator, the result of analysed data showed 55% of the participants chose positive responses while, 20% chose undecided and 25% chose negative. To the second indicator, the analysed data showed 59% of the participants chose positive response. Then, 16% participants chose undecided and 25% participants chose negative. To the third indicator, the analysed data showed 45% of the participants responded positively while, 29% respond undecided and 26% respond negatively. To the fourth indicator, the analysed data showed 70% of the freshmen respond positively. meanwhile, 12% of freshmen respond undecided and 18% of freshmen respond negatively. To the fifth indicator, the analysed data showed 45% respondent chose positive, 29% chose undecided, and 26% chose negative. By knowing the freshmen’s reading habit and positive attitude toward reading, the lecturers can program activities to increase their reading habit. For future researchers, this study can be a useful sources to do another research about freshmen’s reading habit. Normal 0 false false false IN JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:Table Normal;mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-parent:;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman,serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
Sequence Tagging with Contextual and Non-Contextual Subword Representations: A Multilingual Evaluation

Pretrained contextual and non-contextual subword embeddings have become available in over 250 languages, allowing massively multilingual NLP. However, while there is no dearth of pretrained embeddings, the distinct lack of systematic evaluations makes it difficult for practitioners to choose between them. In this work, we conduct an extensive evaluation comparing non-contextual subword embeddings, namely FastText and BPEmb, and a contextual representation method, namely BERT, on multilingual named entity recognition and part-of-speech tagging. We find that overall, a combination of BERT, BPEmb, and character representations works best across languages and tasks. A more detailed analysis reveals different strengths and weaknesses: Multilingual BERT performs well in medium- to high-resource languages, but is outperformed by non-contextual subword embeddings in a low-resource setting.
Accelerate training of restricted Boltzmann machines via iterative conditional maximum likelihood estimation

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) have become a popular tool of feature coding or extraction for unsupervised learning in recent years. However, there still lacks an efficient algorithm for training the RBM due to that its likelihood function contains an intractable normalizing constant. The existing algorithms, such as contrastive divergence and its variants, approximate the gradient of the likelihood function using Markov chain Monte Carlo. However, the approximation is time consuming and, moreover, the approximation error often impedes the convergence of the training algorithm. This paper proposes a fast algorithm for training RBMs by treating the hidden states as missing data and then estimating the parameters of the RBM via an iterative conditional maximum likelihood estimation approach, which avoids the issue of intractable normalizing constants. The numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm can provide a drastic improvement over the contrastive divergence algorithm in RBM training. This paper also presents an extension of the proposed algorithm for how to cope with missing data in RBM training and illustrates its application using an example about drug-target interaction prediction.
INTERNATIONAL CONCEPT SYSTEM AS A STRATEGIC WAY OF MODERN SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT

The article outlines the determination of international system of pedagogical concepts in modern scientific society. The definitions of the major international terms have been explored. The purpose of the research is to define is to outline international concept system as a strategic way of modern science development. It was researched that international conceptual-categorical apparatus of pedagogical science is not only a thesaurus of concepts covering all the terms with their scientific interpretations used in the study, but also a set of interrelated concepts, which reflect the key content and functional aspects of the offered theory. The most frequently used international concepts of pedagogical science have been explained and determined in the article. Original definitions of international concepts have been offered by the authors in a summary table. The system level of scientific concepts that reflects the development degree of its theory and reveals the relationship of objects and the diversity of cognitive situations which arise during the study, education of person and allows the participant clearly outline the subject of research and build its consistent concept have been investigated during the study. It has been summed up that the operation of international concepts is a prerequisite for the study and construction of theoretical models, as well as for the study of educational processes in dynamics and prospects. It has been concluded that strict understandable system of concepts creates a conceptual-categorical apparatus of pedagogical science.
Individual Personal Prevention Maneuver among High School Students in Korea

본 연구는 청소년의 개별적 감염예방법(PPM) 관련 지식 및 실천 정도를 조사하고 개별적 감염예방법 (PPM) 실천의 영향요인을 분석하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 B시 소재 3개의 고등학교에 재학 중인 278명의 학생을 편의 표출하였다. 자료는 2018년 11월 15일부터 30일까지 구조화된 자기보고 설문으로 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 24.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술 통계, t-test, ANOVA, 피어슨 상관계수와 위계적 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 개별적 감염예방법 실천의 영향요인은 휴지 소지, 손씻기 소요시간, 비누사용빈도, 개별적 감염예방법 관련 지식으로 확인되 었고 변수들의 설명력은 22.1%이었다. 이상의 연구결과를 통하여 휴지와 비누의 적절한 사용과 손씻기 소요시간 준수에 관하여 개별적 감염예방법(PPM)에 관한 보건교육의 내용에 추가함으로써 감염병 예방을 위한 보건교육의 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.The aim of this study was to analyze the factors affecting personal prevention maneuver (PPM) compliance in adolescents. The data were collected from 278 students enrolled in 3 different high schools in Busan between November 15-30 in 2018 through a self-report questionnaire survey, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression. The predictors for personal preventive maneuver compliance include the level of knowledge of personal prevention maneuver, carry of a toilet paper, length of handwashing time, and frequency of handwashing with soap (R2=.221, p<.001). The results suggest that health education for infectious disease prevention could become more efficient when the contents on individual personal preventive maneuver (PPM) are added to the curriculum including proper use of toilet paper and soap and sufficient handwashing time.