Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Educational Effects Regarding the Use of ChatGPT in Compulsory Basic Coding Subjects

Computational thinking and basic coding education are recognized as essential competencies for living in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Therefore, there has been a recent trend in universities to expand the number of required general education classes dealing with basic coding and AI data analysis. Computational thinking and coding are unfamiliar fields to college freshmen, so they often find these fields of study difficult. In addition, there is a large variation in class understanding depending on the student's elementary, middle, and high school learning background, making it difficult to administer the course as a required liberal arts course. To solve these problems, instructors can consider introducing the ChatGPT service, an AI-generated chatbot. In this study, the effectiveness of ChatGPT was analyzed by applying ChatGPT to some classes in the compulsory liberal arts subject in computational thinking at S University in Seoul. Out of a total of 75 classes, 7 classes included the use of ChatGPT in the curriculum and actively utilized it, while the remaining 68 classes used the existing general method. An end-of-semester student survey was conducted, and 966 students participated in the survey. Following this, a t-test was performed to compare the differences in satisfaction and perception between the two groups. As a result of the analysis, this study confirmed that the classes that actively used ChatGPT brought about a positive perception among the students in terms of their satisfaction with the course and their awareness of ChatGPT use. Moreover, this study confirmed a statistically significant difference between the students’ perception and satisfaction with this chatbot. The use of ChatGPT in basic coding has positive aspects, but on the other hand, it may have a negative effect on developing one's capabilities as students become dependent on AI chatbots. In the future, there is a need to develop and operate a more systematic ChatGPT application curriculum and to analyze its effectiveness.
Exploring Factors Influencing College Students&amp;apos; Digital Literacy

Digital literacy is an essential competency for living in a digital information society. This study aims to empirically examine variables that influence the digital literacy of college students. To achieve the purpose of this research, a series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted using survey responses from 292 participants in the 2022 K-NSSE at K university. The analysis revealed that while the variables influencing each sub-factor varied, the following factors had significant effects on the dependent variables: gender, student-faculty interaction, satisfaction with relationships with staff, major field of study, academic self-efficacy, and active learning experiences. The findings of this study provide implications for the design of a curriculum and the creation of educational environments to foster digital literacy.
Perceptions and Satisfaction Level of Learners in Online General Education during the COVID-19 Era : A Case Study of K University

This study investigated the perceptions and satisfaction level of learners regarding online general education at K University during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The research aimed to analyze the changes in learners' perceptions and level of satisfaction. The summarized findings of the study are as follows: First, compared to 2020, the level of overall satisfaction among students with online general education classes increased in 2021, and learners' perceptions improved. However, their satisfaction with instructors' feedback and interesting class structures remained low. Second, there was an increased intention on the part of students to enroll in online general education courses, but the intention was lower for liberal arts practicum courses. Student satisfaction with online general courses in the performing arts field was lower compared to humanities and STEM (Science, Technology, Enginerring, Mathematics) fields. Third, learners reported an improvement in their online learning environments. However, addressing the digital information gap and supporting students with disabilities require consideration. Fourth, learners preferred pre-recorded lectures, and meeting their demands through features like recording functions and additional videos in real-time video lectures was necessary. Fifth, similar to 2020, learners identified assignment burdens, difficulties in practical courses, and communication issues with instructors as disadvantages of online liberal arts education. Sixth, in both 2020 and 2021, learners recognized that instructors' delivery skills and their interest and enthusiasm in online classes were the most crucial factors in enhancing the quality of online liberal arts education. Based on these findings, implications for the future direction and improvement of online liberal arts education were proposed, along with suggestions for further research.
A Study on Self-directed Learning Experiences of Mature Students in Liberal Arts Courses at University

The purpose of this paper is to study the self-directed learning experiences of mature students in liberal arts courses at universities. In this study, the above mentioned experiences were analyzed through focus group interviews, as a qualitative research method, targeting five mature students enrolled a B liberal arts course at university. The results of this study are as follows. First, at the time of entering university, the research showed that mature students attempted learning at university with high school friends, attempted learning at university immediately after completing high school courses, attempted learning at university as a driving force for life, and attempted learning at university for the purpose of acquiring qualifications. Second, at the time of their application for liberal arts courses, the mature students chose liberal arts courses based on the department's collective timetable and the liberal arts policy in relation to the distance education provided by the university. Third, during the liberal arts courses, the mature students learned with classmates through competition and cooperation, through effort of repetition, through joyful participation, and through empathy understanding. Fourth, at the time of evaluation of liberal arts courses, the mature students grew through a belief in themselves, through the realization of the value of learning, and through their sastifactions with life as it pertained to their communication with their families. Fifth, in the preparation period for the next semester of university, the mature students challenged themselves by auditing other university classes and by engaging in extracurricular activities. The suggestions based on the results of this study are as follows. First, it is necessary to overcome the restrictiveness and rigidity of the existing university liberal arts courses by linking them with lifelong education. Second, it is necessary to provide continuous learning opportunities for mature students through advanced programs and in-depth programs in liberal arts courses. Third, it is necessary to promote learning motivation for mature students by strengthening the relevance of university courses with the real lives of their learners, as well by strengthening the interactions of students in liberal arts courses. Fourth, it is necessary to build a learning environment in which mature students can learn autonomously.
A Case Study on the Use of the Photovoice Method for the Empathy Education of College Students : Focusing on the class ‘Exploring Human Relations and Emotions in the AI Era’ at D University

The purpose of this study was to apply the photovoice method, a participatory action research method, to an actual class in order to expand empathy education for college students. To this end, the study examined where students developed an ability to empathize and then to provide implications. Photovoice enables students to develop a balanced growth of personal and social empathy by sharing personal experiences and by exploring social action through photos provided by research participants. A project utilizing the photovoice method was presented in the course ‘Exploring Human Relations and Emotions in the AI Era’, a liberal arts class at D University located in Seoul. The class was attended by 30 students and digital tools were used mainly in offline classes. The instructor introduced the main topic of the photovoice project, ‘Loneliness of Youth in the AI Era’ and the students carried out photovoice activities in teams. As a result of the activities, students stated that they developed their ability to understand the thoughts and feelings of others in the areas of personal empathy and in their ability to communicate empathetically. Also, in the process of sharing the results of photovoice, the social empathy capacity of students to solve social problems and seek policy alternatives improved. Through the results of this study, practical guidelines will be put forth so that the photovoice method can be used in a wider variety of college classes.
A Case Study of Using Problem-Based Learning in a University Liberal Arts Classroom : Focusing on a music appreciation-based class

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of students' self-directed learning, creative problem solving, and critical thinking skills through the use of PBL in a university liberal arts music appreciation-based class to improve learning efficiency. The subjects of the study are 66 male and female undergraduate students participating in the course ‘Theory and Appreciation of Music’ at a four-year B university in Region A in Korea. The class was run as a PBL for 10 weeks with theoretical knowledge of each period and genre along with related music listening activities. The research method used the SPSS program to conduct pre-post t-tests, the analysis of individual and team evaluations, and qualitative data analysis using reflection journals. First, the results showed significant effects on self-directed learning, creative problem solving, and critical thinking skills through PBL-applied music appreciation-based liberal arts classes. Second, the analysis of the reflection journals revealed the expression of creative thinking and the positive meaning of empathetic communication, the benefits of developing self-directed learning and problem-solving skills, the effectiveness of team-based cooperative learning, and the expectations of future learning design and community activities. Therefore, this study demonstrates that PBL is an appropriate teaching and learning method for university students' liberal arts music classes. Thus, it is necessary for instructors to design and operate differentiated classes centered on learners to promote learning motivation and participation and to improve the students' overall level of satisfaction. In addition, the assignment of PBL topics and tasks that apply to real life is emphasized to encourage non-music majors to reflect deeply from the perspective of new thinking. Finally, as a result of this study, we suggest that instructors improve upon their learning assessment methods and that they conduct continuous research on innovative teaching methods using PBL.
Classical Artificial Neural Networks and Seismology, Basic Steps for Training Process

The reliable detection of a seismic even is still an open task due to the complexity of the phenomenon. In addition, the same event is measured with quite different characteristics depending on the site of monitoring, partly due to the seismic signal being mainly the superposition of waves that propagate in multiple directions from their hypocenter, undergoing different attenuation phenomena, reflection, etc. The study of seismic detection has become relevant in the construction of early warning systems in cities. In this work, the application of artificial neural networks for the recognition of records from seismic and non-seismic events is presented. The seismograms and the non-seismic records were used to construct the spectrogram, treated as an RGB image and become the input data for neural networks training-test processes. Three well-known neural networks architectures were used in this study: “ALEXNET, RESNET18, and VGG16”. They are based on convolutional neural networks and were specially constructed for image recognition. Given the characteristics of the images used, and the size of the dataset available, our results show that the three architectures are highly recommended for the proposed application. The data reported for the neural architectures show that it is possible to recognize the frequency elements that conform to a seismic signal. For its final implementation in real-time automatic seismic monitoring for early warning systems, it is proposed to evaluate which of the three architectures consumes less computational resources and presents less response time.
Development of a Text Processing Automation Method for Using Modern Korean-Chinese Mixed Text in General Education

This study aims to develop an automated text processing method for the use of modern Korean-Chinese mixed newspaper materials in liberal arts education. This article describes the process, its results, and additional tasks. In particular, the focus was placed on the batch processing of texts downloaded in large quantities. The problem with the existing computerized and serviced Korean-Chinese mixed texts is that most of the old Korean texts were computerized with PUA codes, which are not currently in Unicode standards. To process or analyze texts in computer language, it is necessary to convert these characters into standard code methods. Based on the standardized data brought in, the work of replacing the old form of words with the current Korean notation was carried out. Finally, in the text, phonological and Korean notation of Chinese characters are added in parentheses. Reviewing the results shows a significant improvement in readability. If you want to use modern Korean and Chinese newspaper materials for liberal arts education, it may be difficult unless a separate feed process is premised. When trying to use modern Korean-Chinese newspaper materials for liberal arts education, it can be difficult due to the problem of notations. Furthermore, this automated form of processing allows instructors to extract articles related to specific topics and to read articles with students that increase their readability. But as things stand, there are limits. For example, if a Chinese character has multiple consonants, there may be cases in which a Chinese character has a reading sound that does not fit the Chinese character word and rather interferes with the reading of it. These should be used for education purposes after correction. In addition, even if it is a Korean-Chinese mixed text and pronunciation is provided here, it is difficult for a student without knowledge of classical Chinese grammar to read that text if a lot of classical Chinese expressions are mixed in. This case ultimately becomes a problem that can be solved by the development of a classical Chinese morpheme analyzer. If progress is made on such things as the construction of the classic Chinese Corpus, it will be of great help in the development of history and liberal arts teaching tools.
A Case of Using Competency Analysis for Organizing Competency-Based Liberal Arts Curriculum of K Junior College

In this study, K College’s competencies were analyzed in order to systematically apply the competency-based curriculum, which is emphasized in higher education, to the liberal arts curriculum. In order to obtain data for competency analysis, a survey was conducted targeting students and professors, and through the use of Borich needs and LFF analysis, competencies that should be considered preferentially were extracted while organizing a liberal arts curriculum. The subjects of the survey were students and professors. The students were classified according to their age (25), and the priority of competency for each group was derived. As a result of the analysis, ‘Interpersonal Skills (O2)’ were recognized as being of high importance to both students and professors, and the competencies that were considered important to both groups were ‘Setting Career Goals’, ‘Job Competency Analysis’, and implementing a ‘Self-directed Learning Strategy’. The biggest difference between professors and students was their perception regarding prior competency. Looking at the data more closely, professors percieve competencies concerning interpersonal and problem-solving skills to be important, while students perceive career-related competencies as most important. For the students over the age of 25, the demand for competencies related to ‘Self-direction (F2)’ scored higher. From these results, the implications are as follows: first, it is necessary to consider career design-related subjects as being more important, and second, the lectures that can help learner-directed learning are needed. Thirdly, we need to increase our understanding in these areas between professors and students.
A Study on the Effect of the Developmental Academic Advising Based on Student Engagement for University Freshman

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the “Developmental Academic Advising Seminar” for first-year university students which was developed based on student engagement. To this end, the following three steps were taken. First, this study reviewed previous literature on academic advising and designed a developmental academic advising seminar centered on student engagement. Second, the seminar was provided to first-year university students for two hours per week for the first five weeks at “A” University in the Seoul metropolitan area. Third, the differences before and after the seminar participation were analyzed through the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test after conducting a pre- and post-test on learning motivation and educational effectiveness for participants. In addition, through interviews, the effects of the seminar were examined in terms of quality. The research results were as follows. First, developmental academic advising seminars showed a positive effect on increasing learning motivation, helping academic and career design, and improving satisfaction of faculty teaching methods and educational content. Second, academic advising focused on diverse student activities, helping them with self-reflection and their understanding of others. The results of this study suggest that teaching first-year university students should be conducted based on presentations and discussions focusing on student engagement, professional academic advising on self-reflection, and academic and career path designing, all of which are closely related to university life, rather than professor-centered lectures. This study is meaningful in that it was conducted for a small group of freshmen in order to analyze the contents of individual students' learning motivation and to make changes in educational effectiveness.
Effects of Learning Portfolios in General Education Courses on Undergraduates&amp;apos; Self-Regulated Learning Abilities, Ego-Resilience, and Self-Directed Learning Readiness

Learning portfolios have garnered attention in education since the mid-1990s. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive research on their effect, particularly regarding their affective factors. This study aims to design a course using learning portfolios in general education and to verify its effects on self-regulated learning, ego-resilience, and self-directed learning readiness. The research involved a total of 226 Korean and Chinese international students from one Korean university. They were surveyed before and after participating in the learning portfolio course. The self-regulated learning abilities, ego-resilience, and self-directed learning readiness of both participating and non-participating groups were measured and analyzed. The findings indicated that learning portfolios significantly enhanced self-regulated learning abilities, ego-resilience, and self-directed learning readiness among Korean undergraduates. Conversely, these activities had no notable impact on the self-regulated learning abilities, ego-resilience, and self-directed learning readiness of Chinese international students. Based on these results, implications were suggested for integrating learning portfolio activities into general education.
Adversarial Attack Versus a Bio-Inspired Defensive Method for Image Classification

Adversarial attacks are designed to disrupt the information supplied to Artificial Intelligence (AI) models causing a failure in their intended purpose. Despite late state-of-art performance on computer vision tasks like image classification, AI models can be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Hence, to mitigate this risk the AI models require additional steps. This research presents the implementation of a novel bio-inspired defense method against adversarial attacks. The defense is based on the use of a deterministic monogenic layer at the top of a ResNet-50 convolutional neural network model used for image classification with the CIFAR-10 data set. The results show the ConvNet with the bio-inspired defense approach outpacing the regular convolutional architectures, this can be translated into increased resistance to adversarial attacks and greater reliability of artificial intelligence models. The Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) metrics were measured on the bio-inspired layer activations to obtain a quantitative explanation of the improvement. The results obtained from this research expose the potential performance of the monogenic layer in confronting adversarial attacks and encourage further expansion of the knowledge in the field of the monogenic signal for AI purposes.
Reduction of Energy Consumption in a WSN by Means of Quantum Entanglement

In this work we consider the effect of quantum entanglement regarding the reduction of energy in a wireless sensor network (WSN). Such theoretical networks are intended to use the phenomenon of quantum entanglement to reduce the overall energy consumption. As such the study allows to estimate the effective energy reduction and to compare with the energy consumption by a classical WSN.
About a Sentiment Analysis Technique on Twitter and Its Application to Regional Tourism in Quintana Roo

Sentiment analysis aims to extract general information from texts and understand the opinion, attitude, or emotion of an individual or group of people towards a specific topic. Currently, a source of information used is the messages published on Twitter, which offer possibilities of great interest to evaluate the currents of opinion disseminated through this social network. However, the enormous volumes of text require tools capable of automatically processing these messages without losing reliability. This article describes a technique to address this problem. This technique uses a variant of a Bi-GRU, a recurrent neural network (RNN) that promises to highlight local and global contextual features of tweets to increase the accuracy of classifying opinions in that social network. Experiments show better performance in tweet analysis, improving accuracy, recall, f-score, and accuracy parameters than traditional techniques. Finally, we identify the advantages and limitations of the system for its application to research on “Pueblos Mágicos” tourism in Quintana Roo.