Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Independent work in the area of distance education: a study of university students' opinions

The article shows the results of a study of university students' opinions about independent work in the area of distance education during martial law in the country. The basis of the study is a questionnaire designed to identify students' opinions and attitudes towards independent work as an individual research form of educational activity. The basis for the research and development of the questionnaire is the scientific and educational principles of the concept "independent work". We have found out that this definition is understood by most scholars as a cognitive activity aimed at self-education and achievement of personally significant goals, is based on independence as a personality trait, and contributes to the formation of self-education skills. However, modern students do not always interpret independent work as an individual research educational activity. The questionnaire focused the respondents' attention on the relevance of independent work and emphasised the importance of this component in distance learning while encouraging students to analyse their own preferences and choose qualities that are important for personal motivation. In addition to the research work, the questionnaire provided an educational goal and self-improvement in terms of understanding the need for independent work as a personal value-oriented activity of the student. To analyse the results, conventional levels were used: high-level choices show an understanding of the relevance and importance of the proposed types of independent work; medium-level choices determine the prospect of strengthening motivation for independent work; low-level choices show the need to develop students' motivation for independent work, to form the need for individual independent work. The analysis of the questionnaire results confirmed the predicted tendency: students more or less understand the essence and importance of independent work and have not thought about this aspect in terms of themselves. Thus, the analysis of students' opinions revealed the need to update distance learning methods in order to stimulate students' motivation to work independently to help them acquire professional competences in the higher education system.
A NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION METHOD REQUIRING STUDENTS TO ANSWER ICT NATIONAL EXAM QUESTIONS WRITTEN IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

A NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION METHOD REQUIRING STUDENTS TO ANSWER ICT NATIONAL EXAM QUESTIONS WRITTEN IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
TEAM-BUILDING QUIZ ACTIVITY BASED ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CLASSROOM

TEAM-BUILDING QUIZ ACTIVITY BASED ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CLASSROOM
A Comparative Study on Proverbs about Korean and Chinese Women: Focusing on the Expression of Discrimination against Women

This dissertation is a comparative study of Chinese and Korean women’s proverbs that express discrimination against women. Because Korea and China are located in Asia and influenced by Confucian culture, the views of women expressed through proverbs are very similar. However, because the two countries have their own unique cultures, differences naturally arise, and understanding these linguistic and cultural similarities and differences can be very helpful for those learning the languages and cultures of both countries However, understanding only the proverb and the culture is not the ultimate research purpose of this paper; figuring out how the proverb is used and understood by the public in modern society is also the research of this paper. This is because public perceptions of these proverbs may change as the status of women increases. Therefore, this paper also examines how these proverbs have been used in the news over the past 20 years. A comparative study is conducted to first identify commonalities and differences between Korean and Chinese proverbs, and then to identify current cultural similarities and differences between the two countries through the news, and how to better understand and use these proverbs. Eliminating sexist expressions in language is not an easy task, but it will gradually get better with time and effort from all members of society.
Expanding the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Civil Justice: Proposing AI Trials for Bankruptcy and Civil Application Processes

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in academic discussions on artificial intelligence (AI) across various academic disciplines, spanning humanities, society, science, and medicine. Within the realm of early AI development, the legal field has been particularly focused on the allocation of responsibilities related to self-driving cars and the implications for insurance systems. These discussions aim to tackle emerging legal disputes resulting from the widespread adoption of AI technology and strive for equitable resolutions. Another significant area of discourse revolves around the potential integration of AI technology in the legal profession, specifically exploring the feasibility of employing “artificial intelligence judges.” Contrary to initial expectations, AI has made significant strides, overcoming past periods of stagnation referred to as “AI winters.” In the near future, AI is poised to surpass its current capabilities, which mainly involve leveraging deep learning techniques on extensive judicial data to identify the most relevant case precedents. Instead, it holds the potential to generate comprehensive legal judgments or tailored reasoning for specific cases, thereby making substantial advancements in the judicial process. Efforts to incorporate AI into legal procedures are already underway, with even our Supreme Court exploring its utilization. For example, a policy research service project called the “Introduction of the Next-Generation Electronic Litigation System” is being implemented with the goal of adopting it by 2024.&#x0D; This article specifically focuses on the subfield of research known as “Artificial Intelligence for Law” within the broader context of “Artificial Intelligence and Law.” It delves into the fundamental principles of AI technology, the concept of AI trials, and presents the rationale for embracing AI trials as a legitimate component of judicial procedures, particularly within civil lawsuits. Furthermore, the article examines the current state of AI adoption in civil judicial procedures, both at the national and international levels. It sheds light on practical applications of AI technology in legal judgments and litigation processes, exploring specific domains where AI is already being employed. Additionally, it discusses instances of AI utilization in administrative acts or administrative litigation, expanding the potential areas where AI trials could be implemented in civil judicial procedures in the future. Lastly, the article addresses the challenges associated with the use of AI in legal contexts and outlines improvement plans. It highlights potential issues that may arise and proposes strategies to mitigate them, ensuring the effective and ethical incorporation of AI technology in the field of law.
Collector’s Note: Discovery of an Erosional Remnant Of the Las Choyas Geode Deposit, Chihuahua, Mexico

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGMENTSA very special thanks go to the Carrillo family of Gem Center USA for allowing me to explore the deposit eighteen times and counting! I also thank Carl Francis, Mark Jacobson, Marie Huizing, and Sue Smith for reviewing the manuscript and William Besse for preparing the geologic cross-section and location map.Additional informationNotes on contributorsJeffrey R. SmithJeffrey R. Smith is a professional geologist and owner of Jeff’s Geodes, which specializes in an educational program about the Las Choyas geode mine and the sale of geodes from Las Choyas and southern Indiana.
In Memoriam: William Alexander Needham Severance (1931 – 2023)

"In Memoriam: William Alexander Needham Severance (1931 – 2023)." Rocks & Minerals, 98(4), pp. 389–390 Additional informationNotes on contributorsDona Lee LeichtDona Lee Leicht and her husband, Wayne, have owned and operated Kristalle in Laguna Beach, California, since 1974.
Healthcare Data Analytics Using Swarm Intelligence Techniques

The healthcare domain plays a significant role. Healthcare information contains heterogeneous data where it has been utilized to mine data in order to provide accurate and optimized results to the user. Hence, the data mining can open up a world of possibilities in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. It holds an important place in the medicinal field for the purpose of analyzing huge volumes of data for extracting the salient parts for evaluating the patients' reports. The swarm intelligence (SI) technique has also been utilized for disease diagnosis and treatment. This chapter explains the importance of swarm intelligence technique under data mining in healthcare. It also focused on explaining different algorithms of SI such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO). It also explains its performance and accuracy in delivering the optimized results to the users/patients.
Use of Augmented Reality and Immersive Virtual Reality Activities in Education: Exploring Applications for Face-to-Face, At-Home and Hands-On Science Lab Classes

The Chemical and Biological Sciences unit at Montgomery College is exploring the use of new technologies to enhance teaching practices and learning environments as part of the MC 2025 master plan. The MC Foundation calls for educational project proposals through the Innovative Grants program. The proposals must align with one or more specified themes; student success, graduation, completion, retention, transfer, equity and inclusion, newly enrolled students and social justice. Based on work from Bacca, Geroimenko, and Radu, we hypothesize that the use of AR and IVR will increase enrollment, retention, and engagement in the PCR BIOL 150 lab at MC.
APPLICATION OF THE PRAIS WINSTEN METHOD IN OVERCOMING AUTOCORRELATION ON LIFE EXPECTATION FACTORS

One of the error conditions that are required to be met is the absence of autocorrelation problems. Autocorrelation is a correlation of errors between observations, the existence of an error correlation between observations will cause deviations from the actual statistical value. One of the statistical methods for overcoming autocorrelation is the Prais Winsten method. This study aims to explain the Prais Winsten method in overcoming the problem of autocorrelation on factors that affect the life expectancy of East Java Province in 2018. This research is a secondary data analysis, data obtained from the East Java Province's health profile in 2018 with the dependent variable, namely life expectancy, and independent variables, namely prevalence of diarrhea, clean and healthy living behavior, and mean years of school. The results of this research indicated the finding of autocorrelation problems in the factors that affected the life expectancy of East Java Province in 2018. Improvements with the Prais Winsten method showed that the Durbin Watson value was at the critical point limit, Mean Square Error and coefficient of determination (R2) value was decreasing. This research concludes that the Prais Winsten method can overcome autocorrelation.
The Memories of N.M. Glazunov, Assistant Captain of the Propaganda Steamer “Krasnaya Zvezda” about N.K. Krupskaya during a Voyage along the Volga and Kama in 1919

In the archival fund of the Department for Archives of the Administration of the Sarapul city there is a file entitled "Memoirs of Nikolai Mikhailovich Glazunov, the assistant captain of the Red Star, about a trip along the Volga and Kama of the government commission with [People's] Commissar V.M. Molotov and a member of the People's Commissariat of Education N.K. Krupskaya in 1919Krupskaya in .18.04.1967".The case is in the fund of Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Reshetov , a correspondent of the newspaper "Udmurtskaya Pravd"a.From which it can be concluded that N.M.Glazunov sent his materials to the newspaper.
Investigating a NASA Cyclomatic Complexity Policy on Maintenance Risk of a Critical System

Monte is a mission critical system used by NASA for navigation and design of deep space missions has been used in over 40 missions over the last 18 years. Its continuous, reliable operation is considered critical to the operation for over 18 ongoing missions. Recently Monte has been escalated to safety- critical software and subject to NASA Software Assurance and Software Safety Standard requirements. One of these requirements mandates a policy that the cyclomatic complexity (CC) for safety-critical components be under 16 or given a technically detailed explanation as to why it cannot or should not be lower. Conformance to this requirement would be costly and we had doubts about its benefit and efficacy in managing our maintenance risk (defect proneness and defect repair effort). The requirement was not substantiated either empirically or in principle, and guidance in the literature for use of CC as in indicator of maintenance risk is limited and often speculative or have contradictory empirical or non-definitive results.This led us to rigorously investigate the impact the CC policy would have on the practical management of maintenance risk for Monte. The effect of CC on maintenance risk for Monte is explored using a variety of statistical methods and machine learning with aim of provide objective empirical evidence to support our decision as to what extent we will conform to the NASA CC policy of maintaining a CC under 16. This paper presents the conclusions and insights gained from this investigation. Practical questions related to the policy are addressed such as: Does higher CC associate with higher defect proneness? More effort to repair defects? If so, is there a CC after which action should be taken to reduce defect proneness and repair effort?We conclude that the impacts of CC on maintenance risk are, with high confidence, consistent with the risk management expectations of the NASA policy. We can quantify the benefit and weight it against the cost to inform our decision in conforming to the policy. Furthermore, we gained insight into how CC affects maintenance risk and is a useful indicator for maintenance risk management.
Efficient and Robust Video Object Segmentation Through Isogenous Memory Sampling and Frame Relation Mining

Recently, memory-based methods have achieved remarkable progress in video object segmentation. However, the segmentation performance is still limited by error accumulation and redundant memory, primarily because of 1) the semantic gap caused by similarity matching and memory reading via heterogeneous key-value encoding; 2) the continuously growing and inaccurate memory through directly storing unreliable predictions of all previous frames. To address these issues, we propose an efficient, effective, and robust segmentation method based on Isogenous Memory Sampling and Frame-Relation mining (IMSFR). Specifically, by utilizing an isogenous memory sampling module, IMSFR consistently conducts memory matching and reading between sampled historical frames and the current frame in an isogenous space, minimizing the semantic gap while speeding up the model through an efficient random sampling. Furthermore, to avoid key information loss during the sampling process, we further design a frame-relation temporal memory module to mine inter-frame relations, thereby effectively preserving contextual information from the video sequence and alleviating error accumulation. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed IMSFR method. In particular, our IMSFR achieves state-of-the-art performance on six commonly used benchmarks in terms of region similarity & contour accuracy and speed. Our model also exhibits strong robustness against frame sampling due to its large receptive field.
HSSAN: hair synthesis with style-guided spatially adaptive normalization on generative adversarial network

Hair synthesis plays a crucial role in generating facial images, but the complex textures and varied shapes of hair create obstacles in creating genuine images of hair on photographs utilizing generative adversarial networks. This research paper proposes an inventive normalization technique, HSSAN (Hair Style-Guided Spatially Adaptive Normalization), that incorporates four connected phases, each set exclusively for hair feature attributes, and uses them to improve the generator to generate hairstyle transfer images. The hair synthesizer generator utilizes several HSSAN residual blocks in the network framework, while the input modules comprise only an appearance module and a background module. Furthermore, a regularized loss function is introduced to regulate the style vector. Through the network, realistic hair generation images can be generated. We employed the FFHQ dataset to perform our experiments and observed that our methodology generates hair images surpassing existing generative adversarial network-based methods in terms of visual realism and Fréchet Inception Distance.
Historical Development of Frontier Stock Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to review and compare the development of the three major frontier stock markets in Sub-Saharan Africa over time. The study provides some narrative around the historical development of each market as well as a theoretical backdrop for stock market development studies. Theoretical framework: The adaptive market hypothesis was used as the theoretical backdrop for the study. The adaptive market suggests that stock markets develop in an evolutionary manner (similar to natural selection). This evolution of stock market development is influenced by changes in investors’ behavior and regulatory standards. Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected from 1993 to 2020 on the IMF market efficiency score, the value of stocks traded, aggregate market capitalization, and the number of listed companies for the sample markets. The study used descriptive statistics and trend analysis to discuss and compare the stock market development indicators across the different selected frontier markets. Findings: The study discovered an improvement in stock market performance across the sample period. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange was found to be the most developed of the three stock exchanges. The Nigerian Stock Exchange was second while the Nairobi Stock Exchange was third. Some factors that erode the performance of these stock markets were also discussed. The practical and social implications: The sample stock markets are the major frontier markets, and so are often the first stop for foreign investors that want to penetrate the Sub-Saharan African markets. The performance of these markets often determines the level of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) that flow into Africa. Originality/ Value: Few studies have investigated the performance of stock markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the few studies that investigate the performance of these markets rarely proceed to discuss the market-wide factors that erode the performance of these markets compared to those of developed economies. Some factors like the size of the economy, low financial literacy, misplaced government policies, poor investment culture, buy-and-hold-tight attitude, and high transaction costs were identified and discussed.
Factors Militating against Community Policing in Curbing Kidnapping in Anambra State, Nigeria

The purpose of the study was to determine the factors militating against community policing in curbing kidnapping in Anambra State. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. The design used in the study was a descriptive research design. The population for the study was 1,620 members of the vigilantee group in Anambra State. The sample size was 321 members of the vigilantee group in Anambra State and was arrived at using Taro Yamane sample size formula. Muti-stage sampling technique was used. The instrument for the study was 11 items sructured questionnaire titled “Factors Militating against Community Policing in Curbing Kidnapping Questionnaire” (FMCPCK). Using Cronbach Alpha, a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained on the ICPCKQ instrument. The two research questions that guided the srudy were responded to using mean and standard deviation. T-test was used for Ho1, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for Ho2. It was found out that some factors such as inadequate funding, lack of fire arms, lack of patrol vehicles, little or no training and development of police staff, illiteracy, use of outdated and insufficient technology among the police, lack of cooperation between the police and the masses, poor initiative and administrative frame work in police system, wide spread corruption and harassment among the police, poor access to vital information are affecting community policing in curbing kidnapping. Based on the findings, The state government should provide the security force with adequate firearms, funding and patrol vehicles.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERACTIVE SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) MENGGUNAKAN ANIMATION MACROMEDIA FLASH 8

The current development of Information Technology forces us to always improve all scientific fields so as not to be left behind by these technological developments. This research was conducted to motivate Elementary Schools (SD) so that students are more creative in learning so that they can be interested in learning in the future. Therefore, the use of information technology is very important among students, especially elementary school (SD) students. Making interactive learning media using the Masromedia Flash 8 application in the form of animation (animation) makes Elementary School (SD) students more motivated and a greater sense of curiosity. This animation made with creativity is expected to increase the learning spirit of elementary school students. Macromedia Flash 8 has a complete menubar for creating animations, especially for learning media. The chosen method is the ADDIE method which includes: Analysis in the form of needs, students and so on. Design in the form of competency formulation, strategy. Develop in the form of teaching materials, lessons and so on. Applying in the form of face-to-face, assessment and so on. Evaluation of the improvement of learning programs
What to expect from the ERS International Congress 2023

This article provides an overview of the reasons to attend the 2023 ERS Congress, including a summary of the ECM session and the NEXT programme. https://bit.ly/46ghP4g.
Model-Driven Engineering for Augmented Reality.

The steady increase of the capabilities of mobile devices and the appearance of novel head-mounted widgets has triggered the interest in developing Augmented Reality (ARs) applications.In these applications, virtual objects can be overlaid over the real ones, and the user can interact with the virtual objects.AR applications open the door to innovative scenarios both for industrial use and leisure.However, their construction requires substantial effort and specialised knowledge.In this paper, we report on a model-driven approach to build AR applications that eliminates the need for manual coding.It is based on the definition of a domain meta-model, enriched with AR representations for the domain concepts and a description of the interaction with external information systems and devices.This paper presents the concepts, the technical realisation in an iOS tool called ALTER, an evaluation on five case studies, and a user study demonstrating its usefulness and usability.