Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE FORMATION OF TEST TASKS

It is recommended to use the classification features of test tasks systematized in the course of the study as a basis for the formation of the structure and quality of test tasks, which provides a multidimensional assessment of the level of competence developmentv
Strategi Literasi Digital Mendorong UMKM Elektronik Go Online

The Covid-19 pandemic has reduced people's purchasing power and made people's activities all online. Digital literacy needs to be carried out by MSME actors, especially Electronic MSMEs, where they still carry out offline buying and selling activities both in terms of promotion, marketing, and service communication. This study aims to determine the implementation of digital literacy for Electronic MSME actors to go online. Digital literacy is an effort to change and develop activities based on skills and knowledge by utilizing technology. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach using data analysis techniques Reduction, Display and Conclusion. This research was conducted at the Electronic MSMEs, Rambutan village, East Jakarta. The results showed that 88% of the understanding of Electronic MSME technology was based on the digital literacy capabilities they had, obtained through digital literacy activities carried out and received many benefits for the online sales system.
Emergence of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence in the Intellectual Property System

This paper was set to address to what extent intellectual property law is prepared for keeping pace with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and digitalization? We examined, by way of using empirical methods, the relationship between artificial intelligence, its regulation and the current trends in intellectual works. The overall conclusion of our research findings demonstrates that current legislation is well suited to support the requirements of technological progress. Nevertheless, there are some new dimensions in terms of worthy proposals that may also be considered. This paper stresses that given AI is capable of bringing significant transformations in our daily lives about, a major paradigm shift in legislation may soon be inevitably required.
EFFECT OF POPULATION DYNAMICS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TANZANIA: 1990-2022

The study analysed the correlation between population dynamics and economic expansion in Tanzania using time series information covering from 1990 - 2022. The study was influenced by persistent population growth in the country. Comprehending this matter will offer a dependable basis for formulating development policies. The author sought to determine the effect of crude birth rate, crude death rate and net migration on her economic growth. VECM was employed for estimation. Stationarity test results demonstrated that variables became stationary after being differentiated twice and cointegration test results detected that the variables were cointegrated at rank 5 which compelled the use of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The VECM findings showed that the long-term expansion of the economy is significantly affected by population dynamics. Moreover, crude birth rate positively affects economic growth while crude death rate and net migration negatively affect economic growth. The study recommends that the government should control the outflow of Tanzanians to other countries to avoid loss of human resources, the government is supposed to pump in more resources on the health sector to minimize and delay mortalities thus increasing output growth and the government must ensure that birth rate is controlled although it is positively related with economic growth, precaution must be observed.
Exploring factors influencing educators’ adoption of ChatGPT: a mixed method approach

Purpose A number of recent artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies, including summarisers, paraphrasers and the cutting-edge chatbots not only have outstanding potentials in modern educational systems but also could lead to a dramatic paradigm shift in the whole education process. This study aims to explore the factors that shape the academic community’s desire and intention to use AI conversational chatbot technology, with a particular focus on the leading ChatGPT. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mixed method approach to explore the educators’ adoption of chatbots through an empirically validated model. The model, known as the “Educators’ Adoption of ChatGPT”, was developed by integrating the theoretical foundations of both the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Status Quo Bias (SQB) frameworks, as well as insights gathered from interviews. The relationships within this model were then tested using a quantitative approach. The partial least squares-structural equation modelling method was used to analyse 243 valid survey responses. Findings The outcomes of the analysis indicated that perceived educators’ effort expectancy, educators’ autonomous motivation, perceived learners’ AI competency, perceived educators’ competency, innovative behaviour towards technological agility and perceived students’ engagement are significant determinants of educators’ intention to use chatbots. In contrast, perceived unfair evaluation of students, perceived students’ overreliance and perceived bias/inaccuracies were shown to have significant impacts on the resistance to use the technology, which typically implies a negatively significant influence on the educators’ use intention. Interestingly, perceived fraudulent use of ChatGPT was proven insignificant on the resistance to use chatbots. Originality/value This study makes a significant contribution to the field of educational technology by filling the gap in research on the use and acceptance of AI-enabled assistants in education. It proposes an original, empirically validated model of educator adoption, which identifies the factors that influence educators’ willingness to use chatbots in higher education and offers valuable insights for practical implementation.
IMPLEMENTATION TRENDS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE UKRAINIAN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

The war changed the conditions for the introduction of information and communication technologies in the Ukrainian educational process. Thus, the relocation of a significant part of the population, the unwillingness of the administration of educational institutions to take responsibility in the event of harm to the health of students or, even, their loss of life, in the event of missile and bomb attacks on educational institutions, and other factors led to a significant spread of remote teaching. This is a consequence of the introduction of interactive teaching methods, the use of digital educational materials, the use of a wider range of psychological and emotional tools for gaining students' attention to the educational process, visual and sound effects, etc.
MAKSIM KESANTUNAN DALAM KOMUNIKASI FATIS JAWA VIRTUAL: SEBUAH PENDEKATAN SIBERPRAGMATIK

Virtual communication gains popularity along with the rapid development of information technology. In a cultural context, cultural norms are employed in virtual communication. The lack of physical contact in virtual communication makes netizens utilize particular features in digital platforms to replace physical contact in performing politeness. This study explores the strategies of Javanese netizens to perform Javanese politeness maxims in virtual phatic communication. The data were taken from five WhatsApp Groups (WAG) of Javanese aged between 20s to 40s. 142 conversation texts containing phatic talks in WAG were collected by observation method. The conversational texts and virtual icons were transcribed for contextual analysis. The result shows that Javanese netizens utilized the maxims of Kurmat (Respect), Tepa Selira (Tolerance), Andhap Asor (Humility), and Empan Papan (Self-Awareness) as politeness strategies in virtual phatic communication. The tolerance maxim is the most frequently used to support each other. The maxim of humility is the least used. Javanese politeness maxims are camaraderie devices to establish social rapport in cyberpragmatics context. The employment of Javanese maxims is significant strategies to avoid conflict and the Face Threatening Act (FTA). Indeed, Javanese politeness maxims are essential in creating harmony in virtual communication.
Analysis of Private Sector Instruments ODA Reporting Methodology and Its Implication for KOICA

The Official Development Assistance (ODA) reporting methodology for Private Sector Instruments (PSIs) was recently finalized. It includes criteria for the ODA eligibility assessment of PSI vehicles, a number of safeguards to ensure the ODA eligibility of individual PSI activities, and a methodology for PSI loans, mezzanines, equities, and guarantees to be accounted for as ODA. To report PSI ODA, a PSI vehicle must first pass the ODA eligibility assessment process. Donors must then report both the grant equivalents and cash flows for individual PSI transfers from the PSI vehicle to the recipient country
Reading Perceptions of Intrinsically Motivated High School Juniors

The basic research question addressed in the study is “What are the experiences in the lives of juniors (aged 16-18) in high school that foster intrinsic motivation to read for pleasure?” An examination of these experiences can lead to an understanding of how juniors in high school are able to maintain their intrinsic motivation to read for pleasure to reap the academic benefits afforded to avid readers. It is the purpose of this study to provide educators and librarians with insight into high school students’ needs to facilitate reading for pleasure.
PENGELOLAAN ROYALTI MUSIK DAN LAGU DI PLATFORM YOUTUBE

Copyright music and songs can be easily searched and listened to online through media such as youtube. This difficulty creates legal problems for music creators or musicians, namely the use of works without permission. This violates economic rights in the form of royalties for music and song creators. YouTube creators are facilitated when uploading music videos and songs in the youtube system, it provides an opportunity for creators to use creations that are not theirs. Youtube filters every uploaded video in its system. This study uses a legal and conceptual approach to determine the legal relationship and forms of protection for music creations and songwriters. The legal relationship of the parties that occurs on the youtube platform occurs through an agreement and creates rights and obligations between the parties. The protection provided by youtube is in the form of a license permit that must be made by the creator if you want to use someone elses copyright and must pay royalties to copyright holders through the Collective Management Institute.
Internal Evaluation of External Sector Statistics Capacity Development in Select African Countries

This technical note provides an assessment of how external sector statistics capacity development has improved the availability of balance of payments and international investment position data in select countries of sub-Saharan Africa over the period FY2015–22. All countries assessed have made strides to sustain the benefits of capacity development despite continuing challenges.
A Study on the Characteristics of the Picture Book Preferred by Lower Elementary School Students Examined Through Books Borrowed From the School Library

This study analyzes the characteristics of picture books preferred by first and second graders, focusing on in-school library loan books of five public elementary schools in Korea. There are four criteria for preference analysis: ‘author’, ‘publisher and publishing year',‘genre',‘theme', and‘painting style'. The subjects of the study were 1,485 lower grades from five elementary schools in four regions, and the data targeted the top 100 picture books that these students borrowed from the school library from 2023.03.02. to 2023.08.31. As a result of the study, the countries preferred by the lower grades were Korea, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom in order, and the lower grades tended to prefer picture books with publication years after the 2000s. In addition, picture books with stories were preferred over verse picture books and information picture books, and fantasy stories were especially preferred. Next, the subjects of the lower grade's most preferred picture books were ‘growth’, ‘preference’, and ‘family’. Then 1st and 2nd graders preferred‘artist style' that shows well artist's personality. Research examining the preference for picture books of lower grades can provide a basis for future related research. First, it can be a starting point for research comparing parents and teachers' preferences for picture books with children's preferences within the concept of dual readers, and can provide clues to picture books that school teachers can use in the curriculum. It will also help you understand children's emotions through picture books and understand their level of understanding, emotions, and thoughts about picture books in depth.
Task offloading and resource allocation for blockchain‐enabled mobile edge computing

Abstract Mobile edge computing (MEC) has risen as an effective approach to support ubiquitous and prosperous mobile applications. Due to the strict delay requirements and the increasingly complex application environments, the computation efficiency and security have become the bottleneck that restricts the MEC system. Here, a blockchain‐enabled task offloading scheme is proposed, where the sensitive computation tasks of user terminals (UTs) can be offloaded to a blockchain‐assisted base station (BS). The MEC‐assisted BS helps UTs compute tasks while the blockchain consensus protocol ensures the security of the task offloading and computing process. To manage the allocation of computing resources between task offloading and blockchain consensus, the task offloading and resource allocation are formulated as a joint optimization problem. The aim of the problem is to minimize the energy consumption of UTs while guaranteeing the delay requirement. By transforming the original problem into a Markov decision process, a collective reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to solve the problem in an online fashion. In the simulations, the convergence and the performance of the proposed scheme are evaluated. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the scheme.
Development of Media for Class IV Students in Social

This research aims to produce a ritatoon media product for the social studies subject for grade IV students which has been validated and is suitable for use in elementary social studies learning, especially on material about the socio-cultural diversity of the Indonesian nation. This research is included in development research with the ADDIE research model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation. The results of this research indicate that the ritatoon media developed in this research is categorized as very valid. In this research, the validity value obtained from the validation results of material experts was 92%, media experts were 94%, small group student questionnaire responses were 89%, and large group were 94%. Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that the ritatoon media is very valid or suitable for use as a social studies learning medium for class IV elementary school.
Neurodidactic Aspects of Teaching Adults Foreign Languages

Education is among the many spheres of human life that have been totally computerized in today’s society. Computers and digital resources have already become an accepted part of the learning process for all types of educational institutions, from preschools to universities. The article points out the importance of distance learning and Internet platforms as a didactic means of material assimilation, because with their help it is possible for students to independently assimilate the proposed teaching and learning materials within a certain period of time. The manner in which Internet tools are employed should be subjugated to attaining educational objectives and safeguarding the excellence of virtual instruction. In today’s information world saturated with different electronic resources, higher education institutions have to withstand tough competition with different educational centres and platforms providing foreign language learning opportunities. This article presents an overview of educational platforms for foreign language learning (in English). The article aims to demonstrate the wide range of options available on various websites designed for adult learners of foreign languages, while exploring neurodidactic approaches to teaching. The sites analyzed in the article have different methodological bases and have a specific learning goal. The practical experience of using a corporate educational platform in teaching is considered.
Application of SLAM technology combined with AR in minimally invasive surgery

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is revolutionizing the medical field, offering patients faster recovery times and reduced risk of complications. However, MIS demands precise navigation and visualization of the surgical site, which can be challenging due to the limited field of view and constrained working space. In this study, we investigate the integration of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology with augmented reality (AR) to enhance the capabilities of MIS and improve surgical outcomes. SLAM technology enables real-time 3D mapping and tracking of the surgical environment, while AR overlays crucial information, such as anatomical structures and surgical guidance, onto the surgeon's view. The proposed system combines these technologies to create a comprehensive, interactive representation of the patient's anatomy, providing surgeons with a more intuitive and accurate understanding of the surgical site. We assess the performance of the integrated SLAM-AR system based on a review of relevant literature, focusing on its accuracy, usability, and impact on surgical efficiency. The findings suggest that the SLAM-AR system has the potential to significantly improve spatial awareness and navigation during MIS, potentially reducing procedure times and complication rates. Furthermore, the system shows promise for enhancing surgeon training and promoting the adoption of MIS techniques in various surgical fields.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar LKPD Berbasis Software Liveworksheet pada Materi PPKn Fase B di MI/SD

This research was motivated by the lack of educator innovation in developing interactive teaching materials. This can be seen from various phenomena of student saturation related to learning that tends to be boring. The purpose of this study is so that researchers or readers can find out one of the learning innovations that can be used by educators, namely the development of LKPD teaching materials based on Liveworksheet software. The research method used is the Research and Development (R &amp; D) research method with its development model, namely ADDIE (Analyziz, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). At the validation stage, the LKPD was validated by 3 validators, namely 1 material expert validator, 1 linguist validator and 1 design expert validator. The results showed that the development of LKPD teaching materials based on Liveworksheet Software is feasible to be used in learning. This is evidenced by the average V results obtained from material expert validation which is 0.92, linguist validation is 0.75, and design expert validation is 0.96. With the conclusion that LKPD based on Liveworksheet Software is feasible and effective to be used in the learning process in Phase B PPKn Material in MI / SD.
Stable Feature Selection using Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm for Microarray Datasets

A microarray is a collection of DNA sequences that reflect an organism’s whole gene set and are organized in a grid pattern for use in genetic testing. Microarray datasets are extremely high-dimensional and have a very small sample size, posing the challenges of insufficient data and high computational complexity. Identification of true biomarkers that are the most significant features (a very small subset of the complete feature set) is desired to solve these issues. This reduces over-fitting, and time complexity, and improves model generalization. Various feature selection algorithms are used for this biomarker identification. This research proposed a modification to the whale optimization algorithm (WOAm) for biomarker discovery, in which the fitness of each search agent is evaluated using the hinge loss function during the hunting for prey phase to determine the optimal search agent. Also compared the results of the proposed modified algorithm with the original whale optimization algorithm and also with contemporary algorithms like the marine predator algorithm and grey wolf optimization. All these algorithms are evaluated on six different high-dimensional microarray datasets. It has been observed that the proposed modification for the whale optimization algorithm has significantly improved the results of feature selection across all the datasets. Domain experts trust the resultant biomarker/ associated genes by the stability of the results obtained. The chosen feature set’s stability was also evaluated during the research work. According to the findings, our proposed WOAm has superior stability compared to other algorithms for the CNS, colon, Leukemia, and OSCC. datasets.
Large language models and the treaty interpretation game

Large language models (LLMs) are currently disrupting law. Yet their precise impact on international law, especially treaty interpretation, remains underexplored. Treaty interpretation can be analogised to a game in which ‘players’ strategically deploy ‘cards’, usually principles of treaty interpretation, to persuade an ‘audience’ that their interpretation is correct. Leveraging this analogy, this paper offers a limited case study of how OpenAI’s ChatGPT, a prominent LLM-based chatbot, navigates the treaty interpretation game. In line with the existing research on ChatGPT’s legal abilities, the author concludes that ChatGPT competently plays the treaty interpretation game. This conclusion leads to a broader discussion of how LLM usage may impact international law’s development. The argument advanced is that, while LLMs have the potential to enhance efficiency and accessibility, biased training data and interpretative standardisation could reinforce international law’s dominant narratives. As such, this paper concludes with a cautionary note: the potential gains derived from LLMs risk being offset by disciplinary stagnation.
Reliability Improvement of a Crawler-Type Ceiling Mobile Robot in Starting, Accelerating, and Traveling Phase at High Speed

The ceiling serves as an ideal location for robots to handle transportation tasks, as it ensures minimal interference between automated guided vehicles (AGV) and human activities. A previous study developed a ceiling mobile robot called HanGrawler 2. It can travel at a high speed of 1.0 m/s to compete with ground vehicles. However, it occasionally fails during high-speed travel. This study aims to improve the reliability of starting, accelerating, and traveling at high speed. Optical motion capture is used to observe the crawler behavior of HanGrawler 2. The observation of the crawler behavior revealed that the crawler moves on an inflated trajectory during the high-speed movement. In addition, the experimental results show that the collision is not caused by the inflation, but by the push-in timing. The reliability of high-speed travel was improved by installing an encoder and optimizing the push-in timing in accordance with speed fluctuations.