RESEARCH OF THE FACTORS OF INCREASING THE GRAPHIC COMPETENCES OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS

At the present stage of development and reform of the education system, there are constant changes in Higher Education Institutions (HEI), in the organization and content of the entire educational process.In general, higher education is focused on the formation of future specialists with universal competencies that are necessary in the European space in any future professional activity, therefore, it, along with other factors that characterize the innovative potential of an individual, is one of the indicators of his competitiveness in market conditions.A multi-level training system, the implementation of a competence-based approach is necessary to search for new approaches to the organization of training, which can be based on the use of innovative educational technologies.The relevance of this study is confirmed by the fact that there is a significant need to improve the graphic professional competencies of students of architectural and construction specialties.Theoretical knowledge and graphic skills are needed in almost all areas.Engineering graphics, especially its first theoretical part -descriptive geometry -is the grammar of graphic language.It has a broad property of «interdisciplinarity», i.e. this is where students first get acquainted with graphic language and methods of drawing and reading pictures, algorithmization of theoretical and applied problems, acquire a high level of graphic skills that will be required in subsequent semesters in other disciplines and in future practice.Without knowledge and taking into account such factors, it is difficult to imagine competent architects-designers and civil engineers who are able to create new projects of modern machines, buildings and structures.The teaching of any discipline for junior students has its own specifics -freshmen need some period of adaptation to their new learning system, in which they do not just «teach» as in school, but need to «learn».In addition, you need to plan your free time and get used to the new social environment, and, most importantly, from the beginning of the study the student must clearly understand the purpose and objectives of a discipline, its relationship with his future career and more.In our opinion, in the formation of stable graphic qualities of each student should certainly play a role independent work under the guidance of the teacher, ie requires additional contact time for consultations, where the student must learn to acquire and improve skills of independent knowledge acquisition.In the process of studying graphic disciplines at the Department of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics of the Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, freshmen learn to construct images of spatial objects on the plane, practice graphic skills with drawing tools, learn the rules of form reconstruction, algorithms for solving any practical tasks, and gain abstract thinking skills Our many years of teaching experience show that those students who have an insufficient level of spatial representation and, in general, graphic skills, immediately feel lagging behind and certain difficulties not only in the first year.In the future, they have, as a rule, a decrease in the assimilation of special disciplines and the quality of calculation and graphic and course work, course projects.We emphasize that we most often, almost always, used student-centered learning: in lectures and practical classes, in the implementation of individual graphic tasks, as well as in counseling, independent work of students, etc.The main concept of the purpose of the research is based on the comparative results of an analytical review of the methodological and practical aspects of graphic education.The article discusses the results of many years of systematic research on the problem of improving the quality of graphic competencies using the annual semester monitoring of the progress of firstyear students in architectural and construction specialties.Professional graphic training of future specialists in modern conditions is an urgent task, since in matters of architectural design and urban planning, as well as for civil engineers, graphic literacy is paramount.Using the method of content analysis, the authors formalized the graphic information into quantitative statistical indicators.It can be stated that the problems of the formation and improvement of graphic professional competencies of graduates of the architectural and construction direction require further research.