Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
On Comparing Ad Hoc Detectors with Statistical Hypothesis Tests

This paper addresses how to fairly compare ROCs of ad hoc (or data driven) detectors with tests derived from statistical models of digital media. We argue that the ways ROCs are typically drawn for each detector type correspond to different hypothesis testing problems with different optimality criteria, making the ROCs uncomparable. To understand the problem and why it occurs, we model a source of natural images as a mixture of scene oracles and derive optimal detectors for the task of image steganalysis. Our goal is to guarantee that, when the data follows the statistical model adopted for the hypothesis test, the ROC of the optimal detector bounds the ROC of the ad hoc detector. While the results are applicable beyond the field of image steganalysis, we use this setup to point out possible inconsistencies when comparing both types of detectors and explain guidelines for their proper comparison. Experiments on an artificial cover source with a known model with real steganographic algorithms and deep learning detectors are used to confirm our claims.
Promoting University – Business Long-Term Collaboration through Vocational Education

University-business cooperation for many years has been an increasingly important issue raised national policy level, as well as at higher education institutions itself. The fact that the learning environment and the labor market needs are continuously changing makes it challenging for both spheres to be perfectly synchronized. Regarding the public policies on education, vocational education has been a priority for the government in the last years, expressed also in several documents as educational strategy, Higher Education law and Strategy of Employment and Skills. This prioritization aims the creation of a system that at best meets the need of the labor market. The improvement of vocational education is seen as good path to fulfill the gap between university and labor market through improving professional skills, life skills development (soft skill) and an offer focused to business need. From a business standpoint, vocational education receives a great deal of attention and are demonstrated as a profitable long-term investment with a significant contribution to productivity growth. Cooperation with the university can be formal and / or informal. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the cooperation between Universities and Businesses in the business perspective, the methodology used is through descriptive analyze based on primary and secondary data collection. Based on the results we expect to contribute with suggestions for all business to encourage building strategic partnerships with universities. One of the main conclusions of the paper is that, when businesses are connected to universities, they have a ready-made pool of talent filled with exactly the type of people that they need and working with universities, they can guide students to develop the skills that they need to form a partnership.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Entre la “vieja” forma escolar y la “nueva” virtualidad. Lecciones de la pandemia para pensar la educación en México

This article analyzes the implications of school closure during the pandemic of COVID-19 and its replacement by online learning in terms of inequality and in the socio-emotional well-being of adolescents. Based on this experience the article discusses the relevance of the “traditional” school form, the use of Information and Communication Technologies, and the future of education. Three main dimensions are analyzed: the limitations and inequalities triggered by the use of ICTs; the socio-emotional and engagement consequences of virtual education; and the disruptions and inequalities involved in home-schooling. The article is based on the results of a participatory research with students from popular sectors in Mexico.
Legal and ethical issues of pre-incident forensic analysis.

Investigators searching for digital evidence may encounter a variety of different IoT (Internet of Things) devices. Data in such devices and their environments can be both valuable, but also highly volatile. To meet best practices and to process these devices in an expeditious and forensically-sound manner, an investigator should have a predefined plan. Developing such plans requires prior knowledge developed through the exploration and experimentation of the “target” devices. The expanding variety, number, and pervasiveness of IoT devices means there is an increasing need for pre-incident analysis to ensure forensic tools and techniques acquire, preserve and document evidence appropriately. Many of these IoT devices have proprietary file- and operating-systems and may employ mechanisms to protect intellectual property by limiting or preventing access by researchers. Disassembly of the device and circumventing these mechanisms may be restricted by contract, end-user licence agreement (EULA) or legislation regarding intellectual-property rights. Legislative exclusions exist for security research, in some jurisdictions, permitting legitimate analyses. The pre-incident analyses of hardware to establish a forensic process bear some similarity to vulnerability and security research, however there are distinct differences in their end goals. This paper discusses the legal and ethical issues that may be encountered when conducting pre-incident forensics analyses focussing on IoT hardware. It highlights areas of particular concern, identifies best practice and subjects requiring future work as presented in the literature before providing a series of recommendations for forensics investigators processing these types of devices.
How to safely communicate with a phishing attacker by email?

The published study is a part of the long-term research of emails with phishing attacks against the article's author. In the previous three years, 3 experiments were carried out to analyze phishing emails. The result is their detailed classification. The subsequent experiment was focused on defense against phishing attacks using the rules of the MS Outlook email client. The last experiment, which is the article's content, is devoted to analyzing communications with phishing attackers. A fake identity was created for the experiment and security rules were set up. A total of 100 phishing emails were answered, with a preference for those whose content was not aimed at fulfilling any request; that was clarified during the communications. The conducted literature search confirmed the assumption that no one is engaged in similar research, so the results of the research may be more interesting for the cybersecurity community. The articles of the literary research are focused on the issue of social engineering from an interdisciplinary perspective. A great deal of attention has also been oriented on the influence of social networks on people information perception or on their exploitation in cyber-attacks. The result of the study is a statistical analysis of communications and a detailed analysis of its content. Out of 100 replies to the phishing email, 32 (32%) were answered by the phisher. The longest communications had 6 cycles. If the phisher insisted aggressively on personal information, the communications was terminated. From the content of the communications, the attacker's procedures and his argumentation to obtain the required information were primarily examined. A detailed analysis of the texts from the communications aimed to answer the question of whether the phisher is a robot or a person. Further considerations are being made within the team on how to continue researching phishing attacks.
A Survey on National Cyber Emergency Plans

Operators of Essential services (OESs) and Critical infrastructures (CIs), whether private companies or public organizations are going through a digital transformation to pace with the evolution of technology and to bring better services to customers and countries’ citizens. Operational Technology (OT) systems like Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Distributed Control Systems (DCS) used to control and monitor functions in such infrastructures are converging with Information Technology (IT) environments. This convergence has exposed infrastructures to new cyber risks. For this reason, EU Member States have been trying to build resilience against cyber-attacks to ensure the stable operation of their states. Several countries have established cybersecurity incident response procedures as well as steps or phases of response before, during, and after a cyber incident. The sum of these procedures and guidelines constitutes their national cyber emergency plans (NCEPs). Still, these NCEPs differ widely in their approaches. These differences manifest as both managerial, governmental, legal, and technical, creating a complex environment worldwide. In this paper, we gather four major NCEPs worldwide to analyze and compare them with prominent standards and industry guidelines in cybersecurity, like the ISO 27001 and NIST 800 series. We investigate NCEP approaches to building cyber resilience based on their response models, their involved entities, the cooperation between agencies and other countries, and their risk-based categorization for cyber incidents. We elaborate on their differences, potential issues and divergences and argue whether these plans can be combined to bridge potential weaknesses. We selected and surveyed four (4) cyber emergency plans from four (4) countries that are frequent targets of cyber-attacks and have long experience in managing and responding to cyber incidents.
An Analysis of the MTI Crypto Investment Scam: User Case

Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, blockchain and cryptocurrency adoption has increased significantly. The adoption rate of blockchain-based technologies has surpassed the Internet adoption rate in the 90s and early 2000s. As this industry has grown significantly, so too has the instances of crypto scams. Numerous cryptocurrency scams exist to exploit users. The generally limited understanding of how cryptocurrencies operate has increased the possible number of scams, relying on people’s misplaced sense of trust and desire for making money quickly and easily. As such, investment scams have also been growing in popularity. Mirror Trading International (MTI) has been named South Africa’s biggest crypto scam in 2020, resulting in losses of $1.7 billion. It is also one of the largest reported international crypto investment scams. This paper focuses on a specific aspect of the MTI scam; an analysis on the fund movements on the blockchain from the perpetrators and members who benefited the most from the scam. The authors used various Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) tools, alongside QLUE, as well as news articles and blockchain explorers. These tools and techniques are used to follow the money-trial on the blockchain, in search of possible mistakes made by the perpetrator. This could include instances where some personal information might have been leaked. With such disclosed personal information, OSINT tools and investigative techniques can be used to identify the criminals. Due to the CEO of MTI having been arrested, and the case currently being dealt with in the court of law in South Africa, this paper also presents investigative processes that could be followed. Thus, the focus of this paper is to follow the money and consequently propose a process for an investigator to investigate crypto crimes and scams on the blockchain. As the adoption of blockchain technologies continues to increase at unprecedented rates, it is imperative to produce investigative toolkits and use cases to help reduce time spent trying to catch bad actors within the generally anonymous realm of cryptocurrencies.
Processing Model and Classification of Cybercognitive Attacks: Based on Cognitive Psychology

Cybercognitive attacks, as witnessed in large and small wars and events along with the recent Russia-Ukraine war, are no longer traditional cyber operations, but are increasingly attacking the psychological weaknesses of targeted members of society and target organizations. Therefore, it is timely to systematically analyse and model cybercognitive attacks. Various definitions and case analyses of cybercognitive attacks are currently being actively conducted, but studies on clear classification and processing models of cybercognitive attacks are almost absent. Accordingly, this paper analyzed cases of cybercognitive attacks. The types derived through case analysis were divided into four categories, and cybercognitive attacks were classified and defined. On such basis, a processing model for cybercognitive attacks was designed, and furthermore, cybercognitive attack layers were classified and presented from the attacker and defender's perspective. The corresponding model and layer presented in this paper model both the countermeasures that can be used to perform cyber operations and the psychological mechanisms hidden in each response process. Specifically, a psychology-based cybercognitive attack processing model was designed to achieve goals by inducing behaviour from collecting information for system managers to inducing response/cognitive processing/decision making/compensation. As such, this paper focused on clarifying the definition of cybercognitive attacks and establishing performance procedures, which are only used as actions using deception by presenting cybercognitive attacks scientifically and logically using psychology descriptions. With that, this paper is expected to serve as the ground for cybercognitive kill chain research that can defend against further cyberattacks using cognitive vulnerabilities.
Digital Forensic in A Virtual World; A Case of Metaverse and VR

Metaverse is a virtual space where users can interact with each other. It is a combination of virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality. This evolving technology can offer many exciting opportunities that can be used for individuals and businesses. Although this technology has many advantages, people are misusing it for their benefit. Many cyberattacks are occurring in the metaverse world because it has various vulnerabilities and privacy issues. This paper explains four cyberattacks and a case scenario of each attack as it relates to the metaverse. Additionally, this study developed a metaverse forensic framework that can be used to investigate cyberattacks in the metaverse world. Furthermore, this study describes how forensic examiners can conduct a forensic investigation using state-of-the-art forensic solutions and tools. The developed framework can be used by forensic examiners, security researchers, as well as the general scientific community for the security of the metaverse.
AN EFFICIENT IMAGE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES

The scale of picture collecting and data storage technologies is growing, as is the enlargement of quantity and quality of the image DB. Previously, retrieval of photos was accomplished through verbal descriptions and manual labelling of photographs, labour-intensive process. The necessity is for efficient systems termed content-based image retrieval systems to manage big collections. In this situation, the image’s visual contents, such as the shape, layout, and colour of the items included in the picture, are taken into account, as well as the image’s related data. These systems are more efficient and faster than other traditional methods of picture retrieval. In this paper, a novel method for extracting features using Gabor filtering is presented, which is then optimised through lion optimization. Finally, SVM is employed with cuckoo search optimization, while the decision tree technique is used with lion search optimization. The proposed method is put to the test on a variety of parameters, and the results reveal that Lion optimization outperforms cuckoo search.
Web-Based Spatial Information System for Fisheries Potential in Cirebon Regency

Cirebon Regency, which is one of the easternmost regencies in West Java Province with an area of ​​989.70 Km2, a coastline of 54 Km and a pond area of ​​7,500.0 Ha, makes Cirebon Regency one of the potential areas for fishery business in West Java province. Based on fishery production development data for 2007, Cirebon district produced fishery production of 55,708 tons. However, in 2008 this value decreased to 52,342.40 tons or a decrease of 6.04%. (Marine and Fishery Service 2008: 35). The decline in production results is due to various factors including the lack of utilization of existing potential areas, lack of information, limited use of technology in the field of fisheries and so on. The lack of information about fishery resources causes a lack of optimal utilization of existing fishery resources, so it is necessary to use information technology such as the development of a spatial information system for fishery potential in Cirebon Regency. This information system displays potential fishery locations, for example pond locations, Fish Landing Bases and Fishery Product Processing Sites and is presented in spatial form and presented on a web-based basis, this will be easy to use, as well as the completeness of the the data presented can be used as a reference source for local governments in order to increase the potential of the existing fisheries sector.
Hate Speech Detection Using Decision Tree Algorithm

The advancement of the internet and social media, people has access to various platforms to freely share their thoughts and opinions on various topics. However, this freedom of expression is abused to incite hatred against individuals or groups of people based on race, religion, gender, etc. question. Therefore, to address this emerging problem on social media sites, recent studies have used various feature engineering techniques and machine learning algorithms to automatically detect hate speech posts on different datasets. Advances in machine learning have intrigued researchers seeking and implementing solutions to the problem of hate speech. Currently, we are using decision tree algorithm technique to detect hate speech using text data.
Introduction

International Journal of Neural SystemsVol. 33, No. 07, 2303002 (2023) No AccessIntroductionLazaros IliadisLazaros IliadisLaboratory of Mathematics and Informatics (ISCE), Sector of Mathematics, Programming and G.C., Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Kimmeria, Xanthi, PC 67100, Greecehttps://doi.org/10.1142/S0129065723030028Cited by:0 Next This article is part of the issue: Special Issue on Neural Networks and Machine LearningGuest Editor: Lazaros Iliadis AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View article Remember to check out the Most Cited Articles! Check out our titles in neural networks today! FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Recommended Vol. 33, No. 07 Metrics History Published: 17 June 2023 PDF download
Disain Model Samba Primary Domain Controller (PDC) Sebagai Network Drive Pada Laboratorium Jaringan Komputer

Many institutions and companies such as educational institutions and private sector or government find obstacles with file storage problems.Â Current development requires institutions or companies to archive all events in the form of videos, documents, or images. What often happens is that many institutions still use conventional method of storage even though computer has been used. Besides they also do not have authorization about who could access the documents. Digital documents could be stored and accessed easily if the media of the document storage service is centralized. Companies or institutions usually share or send file documents in the workplace via email which highly depends on the file size limit and capacity and bandwidth resource, making it less effective for files with large amounts and files reaching gigabytes. One solution to cope with the problems is by designing and building centralized document sharing system using SAMBA protocol with Primary Domain Controller (PDC) and operating system using Linux Debian 9.4.Â File sharing system could only be accessed locally by applying profile for each user and password in the form of network drive so that file storage and access is more secure and faster since file document do not pass through the internet network. It could also reduce computer workload in terms of storage resources. Â Keywords: samba, primary domain controller , linux debian, network drive.
Penerapan Metode SAW (Simple Aditive Weight) Dan AHP (Analitical Hirarchi Process) Dalam Menentukan Kategori Penduduk Miskin

Residents are all people who are domiciled in the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia for 1 year or more or those who are domiciled for less than 1 year (2020 Population Census concept). Based on the mandate of the 1945 Constitution, especially articles 33 and 34, the state is responsible for protecting the entire Indonesian nation and promoting general welfare in the context of realizing social justice for all Indonesian people. To facilitate interpretation, changes in welfare levels were assessed according to ten (10) criteria for poverty, with the variables set by the Social Service and the Central Statistics Agency.Poverty is a condition of limited ability to meet the needs of a decent life such as limitations in income, skills, health conditions, mastery of economic assets, or access to information. Measurement with a monetary approach can be done using expenditure data as an approach to household income. Then this expenditure data is compared with a limit of the rupiah exchange rate needed to meet the minimum living needs. This limit is often referred to as the poverty line. There are various indicators in determining the poor population, namely based on the status of the house, occupation, number of dependents, fuel for cooking, water sources, and electricity. Determining the poor has problems because they have to sort the data values of each data sheet in the form of paper,The decision support system using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and Analytical Heirarchy Process (AHP) method takes a case study in Sembawa sub-district. The decision support system can assist decision makers in Sembawa District in determining the poor, and can be used as a basis for providing assistance.Â Keywords : DSS, SAW, AHP, Poor, Criteria, weight.