Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING STUDENTS’ INTERESTS AND CHALLENGES IN WRITING FICTION IN CREATIVE WRITING CLASS

ABSTRACTThis article explored students' interests and challenges in writing fiction in EFL creative writing classes. The study used a qualitative approach involving 43 college students studying creative writing as the subjects of the study. Research instruments for this study were questionnaires and interviews, the first of which asked students what genres of fiction they were interested in, and the second confirmed their motivations in writing the fiction genre and their challenges in writing fiction. Data from questionnaires were analysed using percentages, while data from the interviews were analysed using thematic analysis (Braun &amp; Clarke, 2006). Findings of the study revealed that (1) most students (53.5%) were interested in and preferred writing romance fiction, and (2) most students experienced challenges in writing short stories including difficulties in developing an exciting story, deciding on a plot and elaborate dialogues, and defining the characters in the story.ABSTRAKPenelitiaan ini mengeksplorasi minat dan tantangan mahasiswa dalam menulis fiksi di kelas menulis kreatif EFL. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan 43 mahasiswa yang mempelajari penulisan kreatif sebagai subjek penelitian. Instrumen penelitian untuk penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan wawancara, yang pertama menanyakan kepada siswa genre fiksi apa yang mereka minati, dan yang kedua mengkonfirmasi motivasi mereka dalam menulis genre fiksi dan tantangan mereka dalam menulis fiksi. Data hasil kuesioner dianalisis dengan persentase, sedangkan data hasil wawancara dianalisis dengan analisis tematik (Braun &amp; Clarke, 2006). Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa (1) sebagian besar siswa (53,5%) tertarik dan lebih suka menulis fiksi roman, dan (2) sebagian besar siswa mengalami tantangan dalam menulis cerita pendek termasuk kesulitan dalam mengembangkan cerita yang menarik, menentukan plot dan dialog yang terperinci, dan mendefinisikan karakter dalam cerita.How to Cite: Dewi, U., Siregar, F. R. (2022). Exploring Students’ Interests and Challenges in Writing Fiction in Creative Writing Class. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 359-371. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.28372
LANGUAGE POLITENESS STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY LECTURERS AND STUDENTS IN ONLINE LEARNING

ABSTRACTPoliteness is a way to communicate so that speakers do not feel pressured, cornered, and offended. Using polite language makes the speech partners and interlocutors feel respected and comfortable and do not cause misunderstanding. In classroom communication, language politeness is vital to maintain harmonious interactions between students and lecturers. It is not merely needed during face-to-face learning, but it is also required during online learning. This study investigates the language politeness strategies students and university lecturers employ during the online learning processes. The researchers in this study used a qualitative approach. The data were collected through conducting observation, recording, and field notes. This study found that several language politeness strategies were employed by the students and the lecturer, namely: the maxim of tact, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of appreciation, the maxim of humility, the maxim of agreement, and the maxim of sympathy. The findings of this study provide implications to enrich the knowledge relevant to the theories and principles concerning effective language politeness strategies used during the learning process.ABSTRAKKesantunan adalah cara berkomunikasi agar penutur tidak merasa tertekan, terpojok, dan tersinggung. Menggunakan bahasa yang santun membuat mitra tutur dan lawan bicara merasa dihargai dan nyaman serta tidak menimbulkan kesalahpahaman. Dalam komunikasi kelas, kesantunan berbahasa sangat penting untuk menjaga keharmonisan interaksi antara mahasiswa dan dosen. Tidak hanya dibutuhkan saat pembelajaran tatap muka, tetapi juga dibutuhkan saat pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi kesantunan berbahasa yang digunakan mahasiswa dan dosen selama proses pembelajaran daring. Peneliti dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, pencatatan, dan catatan lapangan. Penelitian ini menemukan beberapa strategi kesantunan berbahasa yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa dan dosen, yaitu: maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim penghargaan, maksim kerendahan hati, maksim kesetujuan, dan maksim simpati. Temuan penelitian ini memberikan implikasi untuk memperkaya pengetahuan yang relevan dengan teori dan prinsip mengenai strategi kesantunan berbahasa yang efektif yang digunakan selama proses pembelajaran.How to Cite: Mantra, Ida B. N., Handayani, N. D., Kumara, Dewa G. A. G. (2022). Language Politeness Strategies Employed by Lecturers and Students in Online Learning. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 249-265. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.27069
ENGLISH STUDENT-TEACHER AWARENESS OF DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION (DI) IMPLEMENTATION IN CLASSROOM

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to examine the understanding of English Education Department student-teachers on the use of differentiated instruction (DI) in the classroom. There were 80 student-teachers, 20 (25%) male and 60 (75%) female. The data were collected primarily through a 31-item questionnaire with four scales ranging from "not important" to "very important." The questionnaire responses were analyzed to determine the amount of DI awareness and importance. The data underwent descriptive analysis (statistical analysis) by comparing the mean score (M) and standard deviation (SD) of each item for the level of awareness and by calculating percentages for the level of importance. The results indicated that the student-teachers awareness of DI implementation ranges from "high" with the lowest score of 2.06 (2.06&gt;2.01-3.00) to "very high" with the highest score of 3.71 (3.71&gt;3.01-4.00). Consequently, the level of importance concurred with or supported the awareness result that the participants regarded DI to be important, ranging from "somewhat important" (49.40%) to "very important" (88.39%). These findings suggest good implications for the pedagogical element of student-teacher knowledge of DI implementation in the classroom. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi kesadaran mahasiswa PLP Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris tentang penerapan pembelajaran berdifferensiasi (DI) di kelas. Ada 80 mahasiswa PLP, 20 (25%) laki-laki dan 60 (75%) perempuan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dengan empat skala mulai dari "not implotant" hingga "strongly important" yang berjumlah 31 item. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif analisis (analisis statistik) dengan membandingkan nilai rata-rata (M) dan standar deviasi (SD) masing-masing item untuk tingkat kesadaran dan dengan menghitung persentase untuk tingkat kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran mahasiswa PLP terhadap penerapan DI berkisar antara "tinggi" dengan skor terendah 2,06 (2,06&gt;2,01-3,00) hingga "sangat tinggi" dengan skor tertinggi 3,71 (3,71&gt;3,01-4,00). Hasil tersebut sejalan dengan hasil tingkat kepentingan bahwa peserta menganggap DI penting, mulai dari "agak penting" (49,40%) hingga "sangat penting" (88,39%). Temuan ini menunjukkan implikasi yang baik untuk elemen pedagogis pengetahuan mahasiswa PLP implementasi DI di kelas. How to Cite: Rahmani, Eka F., Riyanti, D. (2022). English Student-Teacher Awareness of Differentiated Instruction (DI) Implementation in Classroom. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 192-210. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.28505
Optimization of the functioning of the emotional sphere of the personality by means of psychocorrection

The article reveals the features of optimizing the functioning of the emotional sphere of the individual by methods of psychocorrection. It is shown that the problem of emotional stability becomes especially relevant in the youth environment, since emotional stability determines the psychological readiness of a young person for future professional activity. It is emphasized that the importance of emotional stability in the educational activities of students is determined by the role of emotions and their influence on cognitive processes, on the quality of activity, and the tendency of the learning process to be influenced by emotions. Emotional stability can be considered one of the factors that determine the mental and physical health of a young person and, accordingly, the effectiveness of his educational activities, and in the future, his professional activities. As a result of the combined application of psychocorrection methods, the optimization of the functioning of the emotional sphere of the individual was achieved. Key words: personality, emotional sphere, anxiety, optimization of the functioning of the emotional sphere, psychocorrection methods.
Implementasi Permainan Kooperatif untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial dalam Pembelajaran Tematik

This research aims to expose data on the improvement of students' social skills by using stimulus through cooperative games by using quizzes as a reference for students in carrying out group games. Each task is carried out in a variety and variety of groups, so that learning can be carried out interactively and creatively. Cooperative games in MIN 2 Malang City are carried out on every thematic learning, in which there are several subjects. Thematic learning process, some subjects are taught integratively, thus learners are not only focused on one learning but in one lesson can simultaneously bring social skills in thematic learning.This study is a class-action study with observational data and documentation. Research in its implementation. In cycle I, 76% of students have been active in learning and 24% have not been active in learning. Students who are classified as passive the majority are male students, judging from the unresolved tasks given, not socializing with group friends, doing tasks individually. So that the expected increase in social skills is still not visible. As a result of this study, students who were active during learning had an increase to 93% from the initial percentage of 76%, seeing an increase in the activeness of male and female students judging from the tasks that were completed well, already understood the task and ran in groups. Tell peers or other groups who don't yet understand the learning material.
Developing of Teaching Materials in Inclusive Education Settings to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Students with Special Needs

This research is motivated by the fact that some students with special needs in these schools have difficulty working on hots-based questions, at that school there is also no teaching materials specifically for children with special needs who attend regular schools, so that students experience learning difficulties because the teaching materials are not suitable. with the characteristics of students with special needs. The objectives of this study include: 1) Describing the validity of teaching materials in inclusive education settings, 2) Describing the increase in critical thinking skills of students with special needs between before and after using teaching materials, 3) Describing the responses of students with special needs to teaching materials in inclusive education settings. Research and development uses a model adapted by Borg and Gall. Of the ten development steps, the researcher only applies seven development. steps. The results of this development indicate 1) the module specification consists of cover, author words, table of contents, material, evaluation questions, and author's bio. The results of the research were 82% content experts with good qualifications, 86% learning media experts with good qualifications, 82% learning experts with good qualifications. 2) The results of the attractiveness of teaching materials, the researcher conducted a post test in the experimental class to 4 students with a percentage achievement of 82% with good qualifications. This shows that the use of teaching materials has reached attractive and valid criteria. Analysis of the data used by the Independent Samples T-Test with the SPSS 16 tool and the Sig 0.048 0.05, then Ho was rejected, meaning that there was a difference in learning outcomes from students who had used teaching materials. So it can be concluded that the use of teaching materials in an inclusive education setting can improve the critical thinking skills of students with special needs.
Interactive Multimedia Based on Mobile Device for Primary School Students

Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the Indonesian government, the learning system has undergone adjustments. Learning from home with an online system is an alternative solution that can be applied. The research describes the results of developing interactive multimedia based on mobile devices. This development aims to provide a variety of learning media that can be collaborated with online methods. The research subjects were fourth-grade students, SDN 1 Babat Jerawat Surabaya. The development model used is an adaptation of Lee Owens. The development product was tested on media experts, material experts, and potential users. The trial aims to measure the validity of the media. The validation results from media experts obtained 88.24%, material expert validation obtained a score of 90.38%, and user trials obtained a score of 79.89%. Furthermore, the effectiveness of using media in learning is measured by conducting pre-tests and post-test on students. The percentage increase in the value obtained a score of 95%. Thus the interactive multimedia based on mobile devices developed has high effectiveness in improving student learning outcomes.
Review of the use of R Programming for Data Analysis in Botswana Research

R is widely used by researchers in the statistics field and academia. In Botswana, it is used in a few research for data analysis. The paper aims to synthesis research conducted in Botswana that has used R programming for data analysis and to demonstrate to data scientists, the R community in Botswana and internationally the gaps and applications in practice in research work using R in the context of Botswana. The paper followed the PRISMA methodology and the articles were taken from information technology databases. The findings show that research conducted in Botswana that use R programming were used in Health Care, Climatology, Conservation and Physical Geography, with R part as the most used R package across the research areas. It was also found that a lot of R packages are used in Health care for genomics, plotting, networking and classification was the common model used across research areas.
Language-Agnostic Text Processing for Information Extraction

Information extraction from multilingual text for conversational AI generally implements natural language understanding (NLU) using multiple language-specific models, which may not be available for low resource languages or code mixed scenarios. In this paper, we study the implementation of multilingual NLU by development of a language agnostic processing pipeline. We perform this study using the case of a conversational assistant, built using the RASA framework. The automatic assistants for answering text queries are built in different languages and code mixing of languages, while doing so, experimentation with different components in an NLU pipeline is conducted. Sparse and dense feature extraction accomplishes the language agnostic composite featurization of text in the pipeline. We perform experiments with intent classification and entity extraction as part of information extraction. The efficacy of the language agnostic NLU pipeline is showcased when (i) dedicated language models are not available for all languages of our interest, and (ii) in case of code mixing. Our experiments delivered accuracies in intent classification of 98.49%, 96.41% and 97.98% for same queries in English, Hindi and Malayalam languages, respectively, without any dedicated language models.
Evaluating the Performance of Common Machine Learning Classifiers using various Validation Methods

The selection of the proper classifier and the implementation of the proper training strategy have the most impact on the performance of machine learning classifiers. The amount and distribution of data used for training and validation is another crucial aspect of classifier performance. The goal of this study was to identify the optimal combination of classifiers and validation strategies for achieving the highest accuracy rate while testing models with a small dataset. To that end, five primary classifiers were examined with varying proportions of training data and validation procedures. Most of the time, Random Forest and Nave Bayes classifier models outperformed competing classifiers. However, we discovered the best performance when we employed the holdout cross-validation technique using 70% of the available data as a training set and the remaining data as a test set.
The Characteristics of Cryptocurrency Market Volatility: Empirical Study For Five Cryptocurrency

In recent years, digital innovations especially emerged depend on Blockchain technology have caused a substantial transformation in the finance sector as in other sectors. Different financial assets have been revealed and began to be used as an investment tool along with this transformation in the markets. Cryptocurrencies that have a digital structure hold an important place among these assets. Dramatically increases in the daily transaction volume of currencies in the market have brought along different types of risks. These risks raised uncertainty on these currencies. Moreover, because cryptocurrencies are mostly used for the purpose of investment and speculation, it is important to understand the volatility movements and co-movements of cryptocurrencies and is substantially important, particularly because volatility can influence investment decisions.&#x0D; This study aims to determine the volatility transmission between cryptocurrencies to find useful answers about the volatility and the efficiency of markets. Daily logarithmic return series between 18 January 2018 – 14 February 2021 were used to analyze the volatility of five of the most common cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Litecoin (LTC), Ripple (XRP), IOTA by applying the RALS-ADF test, EGARCH, and DCC-GARCH models. We determined whether the market is efficient or not, and tested the existence of the asymmetric effect and volatility transmission in the market. According to our results, volatility shocks are not obtained persistent for only BTC. Furthermore, the presence of asymmetric effects and leverage effect valid for four cryptocurrencies. While asymmetric effects observed for BTC, no leverage effect has been observed during the period. We also analyzed nine pair-wise cryptocurrencies applying the DCC-GARCH model and we found that dynamic conditional correlation coefficients are statistically significant and positive for each pair.
Cuidados inovadores de enfermagem na pandemia de COVID-19: relato de uma experiência extensionista

Among the professional skills necessary in the training of nursing students, there is that associated with working in health services. In this context of training, participation in university extension programs increases learning possibilities and allows approximation of theoretical-practical experience, providing activities for the benefit of the community. The objective of this article is to report the extension experiences of the project “Innovative Nursing Care”, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional report, carried out based on the experience of professors and undergraduate nursing students. It was possible to observe that the experience of nursing students from different undergraduate periods enabled them to learn about clinical care for patients with chronic conditions, providing better quality training for both scholarship students and volunteers during the stoppage of classes generated by the pandemic.
SOME PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE CIVIL STATUS OF THE VIRTUAL WORLD AND ITS OBJECTS

The article analyzes the problems of determining the legal status of the virtual world and objects in it, examines the theory of virtual property and gives the relationship between property and intellectual property rights to regulate relations arising in the virtual world. The author, on the basis of the analysis carried out, puts forward a proposal on the need to regulate relations in the field of creating computer codes to gain access to the virtual world using intellectual property norms, since the creative work of a person is involved, and to use the norms of property rights in relations of ownership of objects of the virtual world - domain names, URLs (uniform resource locators), websites, email accounts, crypto assets, items (artifacts and enhancements) in online multiplayer games. The author is developing a proposal on the need to supplement the current Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan with a category of virtual property, which certifies the owner’s right in relation to the objects of the virtual world. The author studies the theoretical statements of legal scholars regarding the status of virtual property, and comes to the conclusion that relations in the virtual space should be regulated by the norms of intellectual property and property law, while both institutions should not compete and mutually exclude each other, but, on the contrary, regulate in virtual space relationships based on their essence.
Implementation of Fiction in Teaching Reading

This is a conceptional article which the writer proposes a concept of implementation of teaching reading by using fiction. This is aimed to investigate how the fiction are used to materials in teaching reading. It shows that materials can be used to develop students’ reading skill. The pictures in the fiction are engaging and can help students by providing clear storyline as guidance to write story. In addition, the short story also part of fiction, it makes the students have shown their improvement such as they are able to comprehend the text well, the situation of the teaching reading process become more joyful and interesting. So, it can be concluded that the implementation of teaching reading by using fiction can improve the students’ reading skill.
Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer Based on Behavioral Determinants

Cervical cancer is a disease that affects women and has the highest mortality rate after breast cancer. Early detection of cervical cancer is critical at this time, so cervical cancer patients are decreasing. Many women, especially in Indonesia, are less concerned about the dangers of cervical cancer, even though if detected earlier, this disease will be easier to treat. One alternative for early detection can use machine learning algorithms. The machine learning algorithms used in this study are Naïve Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), SVM, and Random Forest. In this study, a random under-sampling method was employed, which had no uses in any prior research. This technique makes the accuracy of the five algorithms even better. The research results show that NB has an accuracy rate of 91.67%, LR has an accuracy rate of 87.5%, DT has an accuracy rate of 81.81%, SVM has an accuracy rate of 75%, and RF has the highest accuracy rate of 94.45%. This research shows that the best model is RF or Random Forest