ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR THE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION STATION

There are more and more tasks that require constant monitoring of certain parameters today. In particular, this concerns monitoring of environmental parameters, control over the state of water bodies, radiation monitoring, as well as solving secu-rity tasks of automated surveillance of a certain territory. The development of modern technologies makes it possible to use a variety of measuring equipment, video surveillance and communication equipment, and intelligent data processing and storage devices at monitoring stations. The efficiency of a monitoring station depends to a large extent on the reliability of the station's power supply system. Therefore, improving approaches to the design of the station's power supply system is an urgent task.The issues of automated monitoring of hydrological, meteorological and environmental parameters have recently re-ceived increasing attention from both domestic and foreign scientists [1-13]. The development of renewable energy sources and semiconductor converters for its distribution among consumers within the monitoring station allows such stations to be mobile [2, 4, 6] or located in hard-to-reach places [3; 5; 8].This paper presents the results of the authors' theoretical and experimental research into the peculiarities of creating a power supply system for the station, obtained in the course of the research project "THEOREMS-Dnipro. Transboundary HydrometEORological and Environmental Monitoring System of Dnipro river", "Applied development of an organisational and economic mechanism for ensuring the environmental safety of water resources through automated monitoring", "Multi-agent system for the protection of critical infrastructure based on a swarm of multi-copter drones".There is a large number of publications related to improving the accuracy of measuring equipment of observation stations [14-15], improving processing algorithms [16-17] and information transmission [18-20]. However, insufficient attention is paid to power supply systems.However, the accuracy and reliability of the measured information and the reliability of the observation station will largely depend on the quality of the power supply for the station's equipment. In light of recent events related to the military aggression of the Russian Federation, hydrometeorological observation stations can be supplemented with video surveillance systems and become an important element in the system of ensuring the protection of certain territories. They can become even more functional if they are used as recharging stations for various types of drones. Such an expansion of the stations' function-ality is not possible without a high-quality power supply system.The purpose of the study is to analyse typical structural schemes of hydrometeorological observation stations, to inves-tigate the operating modes of station equipment and their impact on the power supply system.According to the type of power supply, hydrometeorological observation stations can be divided into three categories:Stations with mains power supply is usually used for stationary devices that consume significant power.Stations with autonomous power supply are usually powered by rechargeable batteries that are recharged from renew-able energy sources.The use of self-powered structures allows such stations to be mobile.Combined power supply provides for the possibility of power supply both from batteries and from the stationary AC power grid. When operating surveillance stations with autonomous or combined power supply, it is advisable to provide for the possibility of controlling the power supply of individual consumers within the station in order to change the frequency of measurements depending on the energy reserves in the batteries.To control the output channels in the power supply system, it is necessary to provide a control module and an extensive monitoring system for both electrical parameters (currents, voltages, capacitance, resistance) and non-electrical parameters (temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, etc.).For stand-alone and combined monitoring stations, the reliability and efficiency of the station will be largely determined by the reliable operation of the battery and the correct choice of its nominal parameters.The charge-discharge modes of the battery are considered and the choice of its nominal capacity is substantiated.The article presents an overview of the main structural schemes of hydrometeorological observation stations. The pecu-liarities of using each structural scheme are considered. The necessity of implementing a system for monitoring the electrical and non-electrical parameters of the power supply unit of an autonomous and combined observation station is substantiated. The calculation of changes in the energy of the battery is presented, on the basis of which it is possible to select the nominal capacity of the battery required for reliable and uninterrupted operation of the station.