Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Customizing everything using R: day-to-day

This chapter discusses the features and functions that concern plotting figures in R code. R has a vast range of customizable graphical parameters that enable people to control the way their figures are displayed. Thus, controlling the way the figures are displayed means that the figures can improve their respective functionality and aesthetic appeal through design components, such as colour, font, points, and lines. The chapter cites the importance of legends, which allows easy interpretation when multiple design features are used in a single figure. It also explains how axes can be used to control in R to express data even more clearly.
Cleaning and preparing data for analysis

This chapter examines the concept of cleaning and preparing data for analysis. It starts with the messiness of collecting real data since any study of factors can affect the results. The common methods for checking data visually are histograms and scatterplots. Plotting data will often reveal obvious outlying values generated by a different process from the rest of the data set. Outliers will then be either deleted, replaced with estimated values, or left within the data set. The chapter notes several useful methods of checking distributions and rescaling data. It explains the practical issue of how to format data appropriately for use in <italic>R</italic>.
Scientific publications and archives: media, content, access, and presentation

This chapter assesses the trajectory of the development of the scientific literature, and how it has affected the practice of science. Classically, scientists presented their major results as full-length books. Today, in addition to journals, formats of scientific publication include presentations at meetings; books, or chapters contributed to books; material on the web, including blogs; films; radio or television programmes; podcasts; and social media such as Twitter. Indeed, the World Wide Web provides an alternative to paper as a mechanism of distribution of the scientific literature. The chapter then looks at the differences in accessibility and convenience between paper and computer access to scientific journals, as well as the differences between traditional and digital libraries. It also considers the explosion of scientific information; the principles of markup languages; the different types of computer languages; and the power and limitations of natural language processing by computer, and its applications in bioinformatics.
Introduction to Shaders

Shader programming has become an indispensable tool for modern video game development, enabling developers to create stunning, realistic graphics and immersive game worlds. Shaders are essential for implementing effects such as lighting, shadows, reflections, and texture mapping, and they have become an integral part of the game development pipeline. But what exactly are shaders, and how do they work? In this chapter, we will explore the foundations of using shaders in video games, starting with an overview of the history and evolution of shader technology. We will then delve into the basic principles of shader programming, discussing the different types of shaders and their respective roles in the rendering pipeline. By the end of this chapter, you will have a solid understanding of the fundamentals of shader programming. This lays the groundwork for examining more advanced topics in the field of video game development.
Commonly Used Nodes

Shader Graph offers myriad nodes with which to create great shader effects. There are more than 200 nodes in the latest version of Shader Graph, but we will only study the ones that will help us in the projects in this book. In this Chapter we are going to review the main nodes that are going to shape our shaders along the book, those nodes that we are going to use in our daily basis when developing Shaders in Shader Graph.
Coupled strain and temperature gradient analysis in curved surfaces

Abstract A common method in experimental mechanics is 3D digital image correlation (DIC) for determining deformations of curved surfaces, whereby the motion of material points is measured. The temperatures induced by the deformation of surfaces or by other heat sources are of particular interest as well. In this context, surface temperatures can be measured using infrared thermography systems. However, the disadvantage of this approach is that a thermographic camera only provides the two‐dimensional temperature distribution (plane images) of three‐dimensionally curved surfaces. Thus, the temperature and temperature gradients on the curved surface assigned to material points cannot be specified. However, for particular problems the temperature and the motion of material points are of particular interest. In the literature, planar problems are studied and simplifying assumptions are made so that a simple coupling of thermography and DIC is possible. In contrast, this contribution presents a method where 3D DIC is coupled with thermography in such a way that the temperature, temperature gradient, as well as displacement and strain distributions at material points of curved surfaces can be determined over temporal processes. The method also allows a continuous strain and temperature gradient determination over the entire domain, since a special class of functions named radial basis functions is used for interpolating the measured data.
Applying our simulation approach beyond null hypothesis testing: parameter estimation, bayesian, and model-selection contexts

This chapter talks about the performance of a simulation analysis in the contexts of the precision of a parameter estimate, Bayesian statistics, and model selection. It describes null hypothesis testing as an absolute dominant form of statistical inquiry that remains important to a lot of researchers in many different areas of the life sciences. It also reviews toolkits of statistical approaches which are in common use alongside null hypothesis testing. The chapter reviews the simulation approach to power in the context of null hypothesis testing and other contexts that estimate the size of a parameter or select from a number of alternative models. It uses examples to explore simulation analysis in the context of precision of parameter estimation.
Directing Activity: Paradigm of Integrity of Creative System and Praxeological Processes of Stage Mastery

The purpose of the article is to consider and provide an appropriate description of the sphere of directing as a paradigm of an integral creative system, to highlight its artistic and aesthetic feasibility and to determine its role in the praxeological establishing processes of stage mastery. The research methodology is to use the functional method to consider the synthesis of cognitive meanings, pragmatic characteristics, classification guidelines of the profession. The systematic method is applied to interpret and holistic consider the conceptual and structural activity of the director as a paradigm of the stage art. The art history method helped highlight the directing activity as a phenomenon of critical interpretation of an artistic work in the creative process over the theatrical form. The axiomatic method is used to summarise the established ideas of the creative activity of a master director, its level of expediency and degree of artistic value. The modelling method helped determine the standard, the model of the optimal system for constructing a quality directing activity in the phased creation of a stage production. The analytical method is applied to analyse the essence of the relevant spectrum of content, artistic achievements and effectiveness of the creative skills of a theatre production specialist. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of the reproductive capacity of directors, the quality of professional knowledge and abilities, and the degree of effectiveness of qualification requirements. Conclusions. The question of studying the presence of two full-fledged artistic principles in directing in Ukrainian theatre: directing the so-called root and directing the result remains open, because the opinion of what is characteristic and valuable in the directorial activity of Ukrainian theatres has not been corrected. Everything that contains the paradigm of the main trends in the stage creativity of directors has not been sufficiently analysed. Although the rich and inexhaustible treasure trove of practical experience of Ukrainian directors forms the fundamental basis for an analytical study that will create an appropriate scientific and theoretical opinion on the comprehensive definition of the content of all criteria for identifying directorial activity, the format of special abilities, the degree of giftedness and the range of talent of a director-professional of stage art is to be studied.&#x0D; Key words: directing activity, knowledge and creative abilities, director, actor, theatre.
Children's Musical as a Popular Genre of Ukrainian Stage Art in 1960s-1990s: Formation and Development

The purpose of the article is to identify the peculiarities of formation and the main trends in the development of children's musical as a popular genre of Ukrainian stage art in the 1960s-1990s. Research methodology. The historical and cultural method was used to summarise the factual material related to the time of creation and the logic of development of the children's musical in the Ukrainian stage art of the 1960s-1990s. The methods of art historical and genre-stylistic analysis were applied to help identify specific artistic and aesthetic, genre and stylistic features in the productions of children's musical on the stages of Ukrainian theatres. Scientific novelty. The history of the formation and development of the Ukrainian children's musical in the stage art of the 1960s-1990s is studied; its musical, artistic, staging and performance features are revealed. The chronological sequence of writing the most significant in the context of the development of the genre of the first national children's musicals is presented. The contribution of Ukrainian composers (Zh. Kolodub and L. Kolodub, O. Bilash, I. Poklad, S. Bedusenko) and directors (P. Kolisnyk, M. Lukavetskyi) in the formation of the national musical for children's audiences is revealed. Children's musicals by Ukrainian composers included in the "golden fund" of national stage art are analysed ("Fox Mykyta" (libretto by R. Kudlyk) and "Tom Sawyer" (libretto by M. Petrenko based on Mark Twain's novel) by B.-Yu. Yanivskyi). Conclusions. The process of integrating the musical genre into the Ukrainian stage art of the last third of the 20th century took place in accordance with the peculiarities of the socio-cultural space of that time, socio-political events and artistic trends. The creative rethinking of content and structural features of the Western genre invariant in the 1960s-1990s became the basis for the formation of the national Ukrainian children's musical as a factor in the internationalisation of the world music and stage culture. At the same time, the formation of the Ukrainian children's musical is connected with the process of nationalisation of the genre, as evidenced by the reliance of the libretto on stories from folklore and traditional Ukrainian culture, the introduction of traditional principles and techniques inherent in the stage art of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the formation and further development of children's musicals in Ukraine were conditioned by the creative searches of domestic composers (B.-Yu. Yanovskyi, I. Poklad, S. Bedusenko, Zh. and L. Kolodub, E. Lapeika, O. Kolomiitseva, A. Bondarenko) and theatre directors. The productions of children's musicals from the 1960s-1990s allow us to talk about the rethinking of the Western archetype of the genre and the beginning of the formation of a national Ukrainian musical.&#x0D; Key words: children's musical, Ukrainian stage art, children's musical theatre, genre, production and performance features.
Stage Unity of D. Lider’s Plastic Concept of Scenography and S. Danchenko’s Theatre Direction

The purpose of the study is to highlight the stage unity of the plastic concept of D. Lider’s scenography and S. Danchenko’s theatre direction, to characterise the original concept of the image of the performances, their uniqueness of artistic solution. The research methodology is to apply the functional and typological method to consider the scenographic activity of D. Lider as an innovative form of artistic creativity in the context of the formation and development of the direction of effective scenography, as well as to assess its significance in the development of scenographic vocabulary of the Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theatre. The art method is used to analyse the scenographic solution of the performances directed by S. Danchenko and to identify the main conditions and principles of scenographic solutions, compositional techniques and components of D. Lider’s scenography, as well as to determine their influence on the artistic image of the productions. An axiomatic method helped consider Danylo ider's worldview prerogatives in the context of the peculiarities of the formation of his philosophy and artistic and aesthetic position as a master of effective scenography. The novelty of the study. The article comprehensively examines the stage unity of the plastic concept of D. Lider’s scenography and S. Danchenko’s theatre direction in the context of the formation and development of the scenography of the Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theatre. Conclusions. As a philosopher of theatre, D. Lider’s scenography is not guided by any prescribed rules, and it is impossible to judge it by means of a defining judgment, by imposing certain already known categories on his scenographic vocabulary. The scenery created by the master testifies to an innovative form of the sublime that allows for the acquisition of creative energy – D. Leader sought to overcome the dictates of sensual perception of reality in order to reflect the essential, hidden characteristics of existence. The associative connection and drawing parallels between the actual problems of the present and the problems of a literary work as the basis for deep philosophical and aesthetic reflections introduced by D. Lider is the basis of Ukrainian stage art of the twenty-first century.&#x0D; Key words: Danylo Lider, Serhii Danchenko, director, theatre, scenography.
Actor’s Skill as Means of Developing Child's Personality: Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Teaching

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of teaching acting skills in children's theatre groups and to determine promising directions for improving the methodology at the current stage, to consider the specifics of the system of artistic and aesthetic education and artistic and creative activities of theatre groups for children. The research methodology consists in the application of a typological method aimed to identify and define the features of acting skills in the context of teaching in amateur theatre groups for children; a comparative method to conduct a comparative analysis of approaches to teaching acting skills in theatre groups; evolutionary method for considering the dynamics of the development of the methodology of teaching acting skills in theatre groups for children in the context of the peculiarities of socio-cultural space of the second half of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st century; method of systematic analysis and synthesis, due to which the teaching of acting skills in children's theatre groups was considered as part of modern theatre pedagogy. The novelty of the research is in the conducted comprehensive study of the peculiarities of teaching acting skills in children's theatre groups at the current stage. Conclusions. Theatre art, like other forms of art, is a form of social consciousness. Historically, its development is inseparable from the development of society, from culture in general. Currently, there are a large number of theatre communities in Ukraine. These groups are engaged in the artistic and aesthetic education of the younger generation outside the secondary school, such theatre groups are organised in the Houses of children's and youth creativity, youth theatres, Houses of culture, theatre and folklore groups. In Ukraine, modern theatre pedagogy and creative practice are based on stage theory, methods, and artistic techniques developed by leading foreign and domestic theatre actors of the 20th century.&#x0D; Key words: acting skills, children's theatre groups, child's creative abilities, teaching methods, actor.
Scatterplots for quantitative data

This chapter explains how a scatterplot is a good choice for presenting quantitative data. It explains that scatterplots are the most effective way of plotting data points of two variables and determining the relationship between those variables. Time series is a common type of scatterplot when plotting the change in one continuous variable over time through lines. Moreover, univariate scatterplots, also known as strip charts, are useful for one-dimensional quantitative data with a small sample size. The chapter considers the advantages and disadvantages of starting scatterplot y-axes at a non-zero value. It then explains the basic code for scatterplots when using R.
Multivariate pattern analysis

This chapter covers the process of multivariate pattern analysis. Multivariate pattern analysis is widely used to analyse MRI recordings of brain activity through a subset of machine learning. Machine learning methods also have substantial promise in the area of personalized medicine and automated diagnosis. The ethical issues with machine learning and classification revolve around the reality that any algorithm could be biased by the prejudices of those who constructed them. The chapter also considers object identification algorithms and dictation software which convert speech to text as prominent examples of machine learning methods. It explains how to carry out multivariate pattern analysis in <italic>R</italic> using the Classification And Regression Training (<italic>Caret</italic>) package.
Novel Scheme for Data Hiding in Binary Images using Cover Pattern Histogram

In today's digital age, security and safe communication are necessities. Applications frequently transport large amounts of private data as binary images. This research proposes a unique scheme that uses a cover pattern histogram-based decision tree for information concealment and extraction from binary images. This research aims to provide a data-hiding approach with a large capacity for data concealment, possible minor distortion, security, and difficulty discovering hidden data. This method uses high-frequency 3X3 pixel block patterns to obscure data. The two series of pattern's are identified based on sorted block pattern frequency. To construct a decision tree for embedding, these series patterns, key bits, and information bits work together as parameters. Information is encrypted using a secret key to ensure message security before being hidden. A decision tree decides the block suitability and bit embedding with or without flipping at the sender side. A histogram of 3X3 pixel block patterns gets generated for the received image containing concealed data, and two series are recognized similarly to the embedding procedure at the receiver side. A decision tree assesses whether an image block carries an information bit and decides whether the bit is "0" or "1". This decision tree extracts hidden data bits by analyzing series patterns and key bits. The secret key decodes retrieved concealed bits and reveal the original data. According to research, 50-80 % of hidden bits are transmitted without flipping the pixels, automatically reducing visual distortion. This scheme performs better than comparable methods and is applicable in steganography and watermarking.
Plotting graphs and data visualization

This chapter highlights the importance of displaying data in a clear and interpretable way for the purpose of scientific communication. It tackles some principles of data visualization that involve different conditions, axes, variability, and data. The <italic>ggplot2</italic> package is recognized as the most popular plotting package in <italic>R</italic>, which is part of the <italic>tidyverse</italic> suite of packages created by the makers of <italic>RStudio</italic>. The <italic>ggplot2</italic> functions use a plotting grammar, whereby a plot is constructed by adding layers of components. The chapter then discusses how to export graphs, and also how to combine several graphs into a multipart figure within <italic>R</italic> and without the need for additional software. It explains the considerations of atypical colour vision and uniformity when choosing a colour palette for plotting.
Blockchain Adoption in Public Sector: A Value-Driven Approach

Public sector worldwide faces the challenge to contribute in the public value creation. To accomplish that, public administration forced to adopt new technologies, tools and practices in order to improve social and economic welfare. The present research discusses some of the most significant reforms related to the public administration worldwide, focusing on the integration and consequences of BlockChain technology.
Why am I reading this book?

This chapter provides an overview of the skills required in handling bioscience data. The answers to many questions in the biosciences require a simple description of the natural world—these are called descriptive questions. Getting answers to descriptive questions is the first of two rounds of the scientific process in which the data handling and analysis techniques introduced in this book are used. The answers to descriptive questions will frequently lead us to ask further questions. Scientists then go through a particular series of stages called the hypothetico-deductive approach to answer questions about a cause, mechanism, or function. The first stage of this approach is to generate a research hypothesis. The chapter then differentiates between the two main categories of statistical technique: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics are used to organize, summarize, and describe data while inferential statistics are used to assess patterns in data.
THE USE OF SLIDING CONTROL IN THE PROCESS OF STUDYING PHYSICS IN SECONDARY AND VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOLS

In classical didactics of physics control and evaluation of the students’ levels of knowledge assimilation are considered as an integral component of the lesson. In modern didactics, they are interpreted much more broadly, namely, as: markers of the quality of education; an effective mechanism for managing the educational and cognitive activities of students; component of the methodical system of the teacher in the content of diagnostics: learning styles of students, didactic environment and didactic interaction, etc. In the article, control and evaluation are considered in the focus of systemic and integrative approaches in education, which are specified through the use of sliding control. The basis of the sliding control system of students’ knowledge is the accumulation of data both on the level of knowledge of the group as a whole and of each student, in particular, by dividing the analysis of knowledge into micro stages, which are then periodically integrated. Experience has shown that this approach provides a long-lasting and thorough result not only in the assimilation of students’ knowledge, but also in the objectivity of their verification.
VIRTUAL DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A DISTANCE LEARNING EXPERIMENT IN PHYSICS

The article analyzes the problem of using information and communication digital technologies in physics classes, in particular, when setting up an educational physical experiment. The main attention is paid to the use of digital laboratories during the preparation and conducting of educational remote experiments. An analysis of typical modern digital laboratories was carried out and the expediency of their use during the organization of educational and cognitive activities of students and pupils in the study of physics was substantiated.