Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Influence of Learning Rate Hyper-Parameter and Early Stopping Training Technique in Training Vanilla Neural Network Model for Effective Signal Power Loss Prediction

In this research work, the authors employed a Vanilla Neural Network (VNN) model to examine the influence of the Learning Rate (LR) hyper-parameter, early stopping training technique, Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regularization (BR) training algorithms in the training and prediction of signal power loss using a measured dataset from a Long Term Evolution (LTE) micro-cell environment. First order statistical performance indices, including the Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Regression (R), were adopted for interpreting and analyzing the results. The LR hyper-parameters were sequentially selected cyclically from 0.002 to 1.00, while the early stopping training technique was chosen at a ratio of 70%:15%:15% for training, testing, and validation of the neural network model during network training. The authors examined the neural network training and its predictive abilities of the measured signal power by training the model with LM and BR training algorithms and applying varied LR values and the early stopping training technique. Comparative analysis was also conducted by training the VNN model without the application of LR hyper-parameter and the early stopping training technique. The LR hyper-parameter is a distinct training parameter that, when efficiently applied, improves network convergence, while the application of training techniques such as early stopping minimizes over-fitting during network training. The training result outputs demonstrate the effectiveness of the VNN model when applying a very small LR of 0.002. The best prediction results of the VNN model were observed when using an LR of 0.002, with an R value of 0.9922, performance MSE of 1.48, and RMSE of 1.6790 while training the VNN model with the BR algorithm and applying the early stopping training technique. When training the VNN model with an LR of 0.002 using the LM algorithm, an R value of 0.9816, performance MSE of 5.060, and RMSE of 2.5619 were obtained. The worst prediction results were computed when training the VNN model without the application of LR and the early stopping training technique, resulting in an R value of 0.97480, performance MSE of 6.3, and RMSE of 3.0167. However, when training the same VNN model without the application of LR and the early stopping training technique using the BR training algorithm, an R value of 0.9910, performance MSE of 3.3, and RMSE of 1.8045 were obtained. This strongly demonstrates that the BR training algorithm is not only a good training algorithm but also an excellent training technique.
Peningkatkan Kemampuan Bahasa Anak Dengan Penerapan Metode Pemberian Tugas Berbantuan Media Kartu Huruf di Kelompok B Taman Kanak-Kanak Al Mushlihun Sei Beduk Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022

This research is motivated by facts in the field which show that children's language skills in recognizing letters in Al Mushlihun Kindergarten are still lacking, there are still many children who are not correct when pronouncing letters, this research aims to improve the ability to recognize letters using letter cards in group B at Al Mushlihun Kindergarten. In detail, the ability to be improved is being able to recognize letters, pronounce letters correctly and complete letters to form words. The type of research carried out is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with two learning cycles. Research activities were carried out at Al Mushlihun Kindergarten on group B children, totaling 16 children consisting of 7 boys and 9 girls, and children who were not yet able to recognize letters consisting of 8 children (50%) who did not know letters, 5 children (32%) are starting to recognize letters, 2 children (13%) can already recognize letters, 1 child (5%) can recognize letters well. After carrying out learning improvement activities, improving children's ability to recognize letters using letter card media was able to show development, this can be seen from the data collected in cycle 1, including 3 out of 16 (19%) children who were able to recognize letters, then learning improvements were carried out in activities to recognize letters using letter card media in cycle 2. The data shown consists of 15 children (94%) being able to recognize letters well. So the description of the data collected is that the use of letter card media can improve children's ability to recognize letters in Kindergarten. Kanak Al Mushlihun group B.&#x0D; Key words: language development, letter card media, assignment method.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Melalui Metode Bermain Peran Pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun di TK IT Nurul Fikri Padangsidimpuan

With language, everyone will have the ability to express their thinking activities and feelings which can be understood and interpreted together by other people. The aim of this research is to improve speaking skills through role playing methods in children aged 4-5 years at TKIT Nurul Fikri Padangsidimpuan. The type of research is Classroom Action Research which is a strategic way for educators to improve and improve educational services in the context of classroom learning. The results of the research were that in cycle 1, 58% of children were still not developing, while 20% of children were starting to develop. Furthermore, in the category developing as expected, only 16%, followed by 6% in the category developing very well. The improvement figures obtained have not reached the standard of success, therefore the teacher tries again in the second cycle. The results of the research in the second cycle were that 42% of children had reached the developing category as expected. Furthermore, 34% of children had begun to develop their speaking abilities. And there are 14% of children who have developed very well in their speaking skills when learning through the role-playing method. However, there are still 10% of children remaining in the underdeveloped category. The increase in the average speaking ability of children aged 4-5 years at TKIT Nurul Fikri Padangsidimpuan in the second cycle has reached indicators of success, so that the classroom action research at TKIT Nurul Fitri Padangsidimpuan has been considered successful. Furthermore, consistency and a supportive environment is needed, where children feel safe and open to express their thoughts and feelings in the form of speaking skills.&#x0D; Keywords : Speaking Ability, Role Playing, Children
The Effect of Using Matching Word Game Towards Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at SMP Negeri 4 Ujungbatu

This experimental research was carried out in the eighth grade at MTs Muhammadiyah Tanjung Belit Airtiris. This study aims to determine the effect of Matching Word Game on students' vocabulary mastery. This research methodology uses a quasi-experimental design. The sample of this study was class VII A as the experimental class and VII B as the control class. The experimental class consisted of 17 students and the control class consisted of 17 students. The instrument used in the study was a vocabulary test. Data analysis used the SPSS 25 program. Based on the results of the study, the average score of students in the experimental class was 65.15 and 52.15 in the control class. Data analysis showed a significance (2-tailed) 0000 &lt; 0.05 which means Ha is accepted. The key is that there is an effect on the use of the Matching Word Game on students' vocabulary mastery.&#x0D; Keyword: Vocabulary Mastery, Quasi Experimental, Matching Word Game
The Effect of Automated Written Corrective Feedback (AWCF) on Students’ Writing at SMP 47 Pekanbaru

Nowadays, English is one of the languages that must be mastered, especially for students. One of the skills that must be mastered by students is writing. However, students have some problems in writing, such as a lack of ideas and creativity in writing, lack of motivation in writing, and there are still many grammatical errors in writing. To overcome this problem, researchers used Grammarly as a treatment to provide feedback on students' writing. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether Automated Written Corrective Feedback using Grammarly significantly affects Students' Writing Ability at SMP Negeri 47 Pekanbaru. The type of research used in this research is the pre-test-post-test group quasi-experimental design. This research involved tenth-grade students of SMP Negeri 47 Pekanbaru Kota. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study amounted to 74 people divided into two classes, namely 37 people from class IX 9 as the experimental class and 37 from class IX 10 as the control class. The data collected in this study were analyzed using the t-test. Based on the results of statistical calculations, the t-table value is 1.666, and the t-count value is 2.192, which shows that the t-value is greater than the t-table (2.192 &gt; 1.674). Furthermore, based on independent sample t-test on p-value or sig. (2-tailed) is 0.005. These results reject the null hypothesis (H0), and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It concluded that using Grammarly as Automated Written Corrective Feedback has a significant effect on students writing skills of tenth-grade students at SMP 47 Pekanbaru&#x0D; Keyword: Writing Skill, Quasi Experimental, Automated Writing Corrective Feedback, Grammarly
Efektivitas Media Gambar Dalam meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Afdonal Padanglawas

One of the very important abilities for children that needs to be developed in order to equip them for life in the future and now is to provide them with the ability to count. Thus, the aim of this research is to improve the beginning numeracy skills of children aged 5-6 years through Image Media at Afdonal Padanglawas Kindergarten. This research was carried out in two cycles and each cycle held two meetings. This research was carried out at Afdonal Padanglawas Kindergarten with research subjects being Group B aged 5-6 years, totaling 28 people. Data collection in this research used observation and documentation techniques. The results of the research were that in cycle 1, 25% of children were in the Not Yet Developed category and in cycle II it was 5%. Furthermore, in cycle 1, 45% of children were in the Starting to Develop category, while in cycle II it was 25%. Switching to the Developing According to Expectations category in cycle 1, 25% of children were in this category, whereas after cycle II it increased to 55%. Lastly, in the Very Well Developed category in cycle 1 it was only 5%, whereas after cycle II it increased to 15%. A follow-up to the results of this research is that image media is not only used for initial numeracy learning, but can also be used in other learning to optimize aspects of children's overall development.&#x0D; Keywords: Beginning Numeracy, Image Media, ECE
An Analysis of Students’ Problems in Writing Descriptive Text at Ninth Grade SMP Negeri 42 Pekanbaru

This study aims to analyze students' problems in writing descriptive texts. This research uses qualitative descriptive analysis. The population of this research is the 10th grade students SMP Negeri 42 Pekanbaru in the 2022/2023 academic year, especially in class X Building Drawings. The sample was selected using a random cluster sampling technique, with only 1 class as the research sample. Data were collected using a written test, the results of the test were analyzed using descriptive qualitative. The result of this study also showed that the students faced several problems in writing descriptive text. There were two kinds of problems found in students' writing; they were linguistic problems including grammar and vocabulary related problems, and nonlinguistic problems which include organization of ideas, content and mechanical problems. The most frequently found problems in students' writing were related to grammar and mechanical. To overcome these problems, there are some suggested solutions which include using cooperative learning or rapid writing strategy in teaching writing descriptive text. In addition, it is also suggested that a teacher should be a good teaching and learning facilitator and should also have a well-prepared teaching material which is appropriate and inspiring to the topic of teaching.&#x0D; Keywords: Descriptive text, Problems in Writing, qualitative descriptive analysis
Peningkatan Kemampuan Bahasa Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Membaca Permulaan Dengan Menggunakan Kartu Bergambar di Kelompok B TK Santa Thersesia I Pangkalpinang

The low level of early reading skills is the background of why this research was conducted, so this study aims to improve early reading skills through the letter card game method in group B of Theresia I Pangkalpinang Kindergarten. This study used the subject of group B students of Theresia I Kindergarten totaling 18 people. The object of research focuses on improving the ability to read beginning through the method of playing letter cards. The data collection method used checklist observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that there was an increase in early reading skills by 22.2% at the end of cycle I and at the end of cycle II an increase of 49.9%. This improvement in early reading skills can be seen from students being able to read pictures, being able to point and point to the letter symbols requested, being able to read simple words and sound the letters in the word, being able to connect pictures with words, being able to arrange letters into meaningful words and, being able to group vowels and consonants. The implementation steps used to improve students' beginning reading skills are by using group competition games, the teacher provides an explanation of the alphabet, and giving verbal awards and applause to the winning group.&#x0D; Keywords: Language skills, beginning reading, letter card game method
Improving Students’ Writing Ability through Clustering in the Second Year of SMPN 03 Bonai Darussalam

This study was carried out to improve the students’ writing ability through Clustering Technique in the second year of SMPN 03 Bonai Darussalam academic year 2022 - 2023. The subjects of this study were consisted of 31 students. The method used in this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR). The classroom action research design applied in this study was a collaborative classroom action research. It meant that the writer collaborated with the English teacher of MPN 03 Bonai Darussalam as an observer and collaborator. This study was conducted following Kurt Lewin model with the following procedures of the action research: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The study was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of two meetings. The data were gathered in this study through interview, field notes, questionnaire, and test. The result of the study showed that there was improvement of students’ writing ability. Most of the students gradually gained good scores at the end of each cycle. The score of Minimum Mastery Criterion- Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) of English lesson was 70 (seventy). The students’ mean score in preliminary study was 55.85. The mean score in the first cycle was 66.13. The mean score in the second cycle was 73.19. In addition, there was a positive response from the English teacher about implementing the action. In conclusion Clustering Technique could improve students’ writing ability. Key words: Students’ Writing Ability, Clustering Technique, Classroom Action Research
An Analysis Students’ Problems in Writing Recount Text at The Eighth Grade Students of SMPN 1 Pangkalan Koto Baru

This research is motivated by the low ability of students in writing recount texts at SMAN 2 Kuok. This study aims to determine students' problems in writing recount text in class XI students at SMAN 2 Kuok. This study uses a qualitative research design. Class X SMPN 1 Pangkalan Koto Baru consists of 21 students. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by describing students' problems in writing recount text based on the results of the questionnaire. the researcher found that students had 4 problems in writing recount text, namely vocabulary, organization, mechanics and grammar. Based on the results of the analysis of the questionnaire, 81% of students had difficulty using grammar while 56.2% of students had difficulty understanding concept of vocabulary.&#x0D; Keywords: Writing Problem, Recount Text, Junior High School
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Membaca Melalui Kegiatan Bermain Flashcards Pada Anak Kelompok B di Taman Kanak – Kanak Dar El–Fikri Batu Merah

Not all children have sufficient memory and ability to concentrate so that reading will feel like a heavy burden for children. This is consistent with the findings in the pre-observation in PAUD, Batam City, where children have inadequate beginning reading skills. This condition will certainly be very troubling both for the development of children and parents. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, the activity plan will be carried out in four stages, namely (1) planning begins with conducting observations and field studies, compiling learning plans and themes, developing media according to the chosen theme, (2) implementation, namely applying flashcard media in learning which is carried out in several cycles according to the level of child development (3) observation and evaluation of the results achieved and the obstacles obtained during the activity (4) reflection on the results and obstacles obtained during the activity to take the next action to achieve the planned goals. The results showed that flashcard media can improve the ability to read beginning in group B children. this can be seen from the previous data that only 5 children who have the ability to read beginning increased to 15 children out of a total of 20 children.&#x0D; Keywords: pre-reading, learning media, flashcards
Improving Students' Speaking Skills Through English Songs and Puppets at Second Grade of SMKN 1 Logas Tanah Darat in The Academic Year Of 2022/2023

The study aims at improving the speaking skill of the students at second Grade of SMKN 1 Logas Tanah Darat in the academic year of 2022/2023. The English songs and puppets were chosen as the teaching media in this study. This study was action research consisting two cycles. The research was carried out at the second semester from April to May 2023. It involved the researcher, the collaborator, and the students. The participants of this research were 23 students of At second Grade of SMKN 1 Logas Tanah Darat in the academic year of 2022/2023. The data of this study were qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data were obtained by observing teaching and learning process during the implementation of the actions and interviewing. It was in the form of field notes and interview transcripts. The quantitative data were taken by assessing the student’s speaking skill through the pre-test and the post-test. The finding of the first cycle indicated that the students’ speaking skill and involvement improved along with a lot of speaking practices. The result of the second cycle shows that the implementation of English songs and puppets improved the students’ speaking skill, especially their accuracy and interest by providing them with various topics, songs, and activities. It was also found that using the language more often can improve their fluency. The indicators of the success of the implementation were that: (1) Students were more motivated in learning English and to be involved in speaking activities; (2) Students were actively answer the question and give comment; (3) Students were more active in the speaking activities during the teaching and learning process, and (4) There were many kinds of activities in every meeting, and also pictures that make the students feel interested to do the activities. Furthermore, the findings were also supported by the means of the students’ speaking score which had improved from 6.2 in the pre-test and to 7.3 in the post-test.&#x0D; Keywords: Students' Speaking Skills, English Songs and Puppets, classroom action research
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Lambang Bilangan Melalui Bermain Puzzle pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun di TK Tunas Inti Indragiri Hulu

Mathematical knowledge in early childhood, especially knowledge about understanding the concept of numbers, is very important and must be prepared as well as possible so that it will contribute to students' success in everyday life and success in the future. The aim of this research is to improve the ability to recognize number symbols through playing puzzles in children aged 4-5 years at Tunas Inti Indragiri Hulu Kindergarten. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) using the Kemmis and Mc model research design. Taggart. The research subjects were all group A children at Tunas Inti Indragiri Hulu Kindergarten. The number of children is 20, consisting of 10 boys and 10 girls. This classroom action research was carried out through two cycles. Each cycle consists of two meetings. The results of the research were that in the pre-cycle the average child's score was only 41.50% in the Not Yet Developed category, but after playing the puzzle game in Cycle 1 the child's average score increased to 67.65%, but this score did not meet the indicators of success. So the researchers continued improvements in cycle 2 with an average score of 84.67%. The improvement in the ability to recognize number symbols for children aged 4-5 years at Tunas Inti Indragiri Hulu Kindergarten in cycle 2 has met the success criteria so that it does not require reflective action and the research is considered complete.&#x0D; Keywords: Symbols for Numbers, Games, Puzzles
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bahasa Keaksaraan Anak Melalui Media Loose Part Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Tk Mutiara Bongkal Malang Kecamatan Kelayang Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu

Abstract&#x0D; This study aims to improve children's literacy through the loose part method in group B children at Mutiara Bongkal Kindergarten Malang, the object of this research is early childhood creativity through activities to recognize letters and numbers using used materials or seeds to improve children's abilities in literacy. Data collection techniques used are observation to determine aspects and interviews. Data analysis techniques in this study are descriptive and quantitative. Increasing the creativity of young children through literacy activities carried out by giving tasks using loose parts to improve children's ability in literacy, namely there are 4 stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection, which have been carried out at Mutiata Bongkal Kindergarten in Malang.&#x0D; Keywords: Language, Literacy, Loose Part