Reset23/wikitext-validation-decontamination-8grams

text stringlengths 0 2.01k
Churchill , Ward ( 1994 ) . " Let 's Spread the Fun Around " . First published as " Crimes Against Humanity " in Margaret Anderson and Patricia Hill ( eds . ) ( 1994 ) . Race , Class and Gender : An Anthology . Belmont , CA : Wadsworth. pp. 366 – 73 . Also published under the titles " The Indian Chant and the Tomahawk Chop " and " Using Indian Names as Mascots Harms Native Americans " .
Churchill , Ward ( November 1998 ) . " Smoke Signals : A History of Native Americans in Cinema " . LiP Magazine .
Churchill , Ward ( Winter – Spring 2003 ) . " An American Holocaust ? The Structure of Denial " . Socialism and Democracy 17 ( 2 ) : 25 – 76 @.@ doi : 10 @.@ 1080 / 08854300308428341 .
Churchill , Ward ( July – August 2007 ) . " The Fourth World : Struggles for Traditional Lands and Ways of Life " . Left Turn 25 : 25 – 29 .
Audio and video
Doing Time : The Politics of Imprisonment , audio CD of a lecture , recorded at the Doing Time Conference at the University of Winnipeg , September 2000 ( AK Press , 2001 , ISBN 978 @-@ 1 @-@ 902593 @-@ 47 @-@ 0 )
In A Pig 's Eye : Reflections on the Police State , Repression , and Native America ( AK Press , 2002 , ISBN 978 @-@ 1 @-@ 902593 @-@ 50 @-@ 0 )
US Off The Planet ! : An Evening In Eugene With Ward Churchill And Chellis Glendinning , VHS video recorded July 17 , 2001 ( Cascadia Media Collective , 2002 )
Pacifism and Pathology in the American Left , 2003 audio CD recorded at an AK Press warehouse in Oakland ( AK Press Audio )
Z Mag Ward Churchill Audio August 10 , 2003 and earlier
Churchill Speaks About Academic Freedom – Free Speech Radio News February 9 , 2005
Ward Churchill Under Fire – Free Speech Radio News , February 3 , 2005 .
The Justice of Roosting Chickens : Ward Churchill Speaks The Pacifica Network Show , Democracy Now ! from February 18 , 2005 features extended Audio / Video exclusive interview with Churchill .
A Little Matter of Genocide : Linking U.S. Aggression Abroad to the Domestic Repression of Indigenous Peoples " , recorded in North Battleford , Saskatchewan on March 19 , 2005
Debate with David Horowitz and Ward Churchill at George Washington University April 6 , 2006
" Full two @-@ hour audio of debate with David Horowitz " . rightalk.listenz.com. Retrieved 2006 @-@ 07 @-@ 02 .
" David Horowitz vs. Ward Churchill — Round 1 " . Young Americans Foundation . Retrieved 2006 @-@ 07 @-@ 02 . Video and audio ( excerpt )
" David Horowitz vs. Ward Churchill " . insidehighered.com. Retrieved 2006 @-@ 07 @-@ 02 .

= = Artwork = =

Churchill 's subjects are often American Indian figures and other themes associated with Native American Culture . He uses historical photographs as source material for works . In the early 1990s at Santa Fe Indian Market , Churchill protested the passage of the 1990 Indian Arts and Crafts Act . It requires that , to identify and exhibit works as being by a Native American , artists and craftsmen must be enrolled in a Native American tribe or designated by a tribe as an artisan . Under federal law , Churchill cannot identify his art as by a Native American .
Some of Churchill 's pieces may infringe copyrights . For example , his 1981 serigraph Winter Attack was , according to Churchill and others , based on a 1972 drawing by the artist Thomas E. Mails Churchill printed 150 copies of Winter Attack and sold at least one of them . Other copies are available online for purchase . Churchill says that , when he produced Winter Attack , he publicly acknowledged that it was based on Mails ' work . The online journal Artnet mentions Churchill 's artwork and the controversy surrounding its originality .


= Exit Through the Kwik @-@ E @-@ Mart =


= = Plot = =

To get revenge on Homer , Bart goes around Springfield spray @-@ painting graffiti of Homer 's face and the word " dope " . When his work appears on the television news , it encourages Bart to create even more graffiti in the town . Street artists Shepard Fairey , Ron English , Kenny Scharf , and Robbie Conal encounter Bart one night when he is making some graffiti . The four tell Bart that they are impressed by his work and would like to showcase his art in a gallery show , at first Bart is unsure , but Bart remembers how Homer treated him , and then agrees . Meanwhile , the Kwik @-@ E @-@ Mart suffers because of the competition from Swapper Jack 's . Apu ends up attempting to rob Swapper Jack 's in a desperate measure , but the cashier ( Snake Jailbird ) convinces him to hand over the gun . Later , Apu is about to shut down the Kwik @-@ E @-@ Mart when his wife Manjula tells him that Swapper Jack 's is closing because it was discovered they were selling monkey meat imported from Brazil as chicken .

= = Production = =


= = Release = =

Writing for The A.V. Club , television reviewer Hayden Childs commented that " Exit Through the Kwik @-@ E @-@ Mart " was " somewhat amusing and far more coherent than many recent episodes , but the satire is relatively mild . The episode curdles a bit while looking for a sweet ending , but it is otherwise solid enough . " Critics have praised the opening sequence that parodies Game of Thrones . Tim Surette of TV.com called it " one minute of genius " , and MTV 's Brandon Freeberg wrote : " Congratulations are in order for Matt Groening and his staff for really knocking this one out of the park . " Jenna Busch of Zap2it and Kelly West of Cinema Blend , both fans of Game of Thrones , named the opening the best in the history of the show . IGN 's Eric Goldman commented : " Ah , The Simpsons . Always there for us with clever / loving parody of something we all love . Such was the case last night , when the animated series opened with an epic opening credit sequence that gave us the Springfield @-@ inspired version of the terrific Game of Thrones credits . "


= The Boat Race 2008 =


= = Background = =


= = Crews = =


= = Race = =


= = Reaction = =

Oxford 's Oliver Moore said " we got the rage going in the crew , and we started to kill it , we hit an awesome rhythm " . Cambridge coach Duncan Holland congratulated his opponents : " Well done to Oxford , they were much faster on the day " . Following tradition , the victorious Oxford crew tossed their cox Brodie into the Thames .


= Fort Scott National Historic Site =

Fort Scott National Historic Site is a historical area under the control of the United States National Park Service in Bourbon County , Kansas , United States . Named after General Winfield Scott , who achieved renown during the Mexican @-@ American War , during the middle of the 19th century the fort served as a military base for US Army action in what was the edge of settlement in 1850 . For the next quarter century , it was used as a supply base and to provide security in turbulent areas during the opening of the West to settlement , a period which included Bleeding Kansas and the American Civil War .

= = History = =

In 1842 , Fort Scott was named after Winfield Scott , was established on the American frontier on the military road in eastern Kansas between Fort Leavenworth and Fort Gibson . It was established to provide protection to the rapidly increasing number of settlers , who were migrating from the Eastern United States . Fort Scott became one of a chain of forts intended to protect the new settlers from the Plains Indians , as well as to protect the Indians from the settlers ' encroachment .
The United States government intention to reserve permanent Indian lands west of the Missouri River gave way to the competition of settlers continuing to encroach on the Indian settlements . Fort Scott 's most active days were between 1842 and 1853 , although it was also used during the Civil War .

= = = Army days = = =

The Cherokee of Indian Territory ( now Oklahoma ) were upset to have Fort Wayne in their proximity . After some delay , the US Army decided to abandon Fort Wayne and move its soldiers to a new fort to be built between Fort Leavenworth and the site . The Army both wanted to placate the Cherokee ( who were supervised by the Department of Defense ) and provide more defense for white settlers and other Indians against the Osage , who had been conducting frequent raids in the area . On April 1 , 1842 , some soldiers of Fort Wayne left their fort and on April 22 arrived where Fort Scott would be built , in the Osage Cuestas section of modern @-@ day Kansas . After haggling with the Cherokees to acquire the land , the rest of Fort Wayne 's garrison left the fort on May 26 and arrived at the Fort Scott site on May 30 .
Due to the rising tensions that escalated in the Mexican @-@ American War , the US Army redeployed troops to the Southwest . With Fort Scott still uncompleted , officials decided on April 25 , 1850 , that no more construction would be done there , after eight years and $ 35 @,@ 000 . By the time it was finished , it was obsolete ; three years later , it was abandoned by the military in favor of the more western Fort Riley .
For the average soldier , life at the fort was " monotonous " . Until the permanent structures were built , soldiers had to live in tents , which lacked comfort . Aside from a few whiskey peddlers and prostitutes , few civilians lived at the fort . Officers had brought their personal slaves with them , including Captain Swords . Five miles East in Missouri was a grog shop that supplied soldiers , and quite a few courts @-@ martial followed soldiers ' going AWOL at the shop . The desertion rate from the fort ranged from 12 % -16 % , due to boredom , irregular pay , and hatred for military life . As no combat took place near the fort , it seemed more of a frontier village than a military base . Hunting was a popular pastime ; according to Captain Swords , " wolf chasing and duck hunting " was the only way one officer could tolerate the place .


Two years after the army abandoned the fort , the buildings were sold by auction to civilians , with two being converted to hotels . In 1854 the Kansas @-@ Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 , which had kept slavery out of Kansas . Missourians in favor of slavery soon moved to Kansas to try to sway the vote of whether or not Kansas would permit slavery . Settlers from New England arrived equally determined to keep it out . Each of the two competing factions of the Bleeding Kansas conflict claimed one of the hotels at Fort Scott : Free @-@ Soil at the Fort Scott Hotel and Pro @-@ Slavery at the Western Hotel . Most of the residents in Fort Scott supported slavery , but those outside the town tended to the free @-@ soil side . During this time , there were local incidents of murder and attempted arson , typical elements of the guerrilla conflicts that were prevalent in the fighting .

= = = Army returns = = =

During the American Civil War , the fort was renewed as a US military post . In August 1861 , the Union Army took command of Fort Scott , and readied it for the war times . The United States Army also took over several blocks within the town for commissary and quartermaster functions . The Union Army rented the properties from the current civilian owners . Troops from Indiana , Iowa , Colorado , Ohio , and Wisconsin would come to the fort , and either stayed by the fort , or traveled farther , to subjugate Missouri , Arkansas , or the Indian Territory . Fort Scott was one of the few installations that recruited and trained black soldiers for the United States Colored Troops of the Union Army .
On January 14 , 1870 , the Army returned with the formation of the Post of Southeast Kansas . The Post was based at Fort Scott , but the soldiers camped along the rail tracks , and seldom used the original fort . They were sent to protect the railroads and workers from settlers . Some of the latter feared that the railroad , which had been awarded land for development by the US Government in rights @-@ of @-@ way , would evict them from their squatter homes . The settlers considered the troops lackeys to the railroads , and lumped both as enemies .
Settlers also had some continuing conflicts with Indians and insurgents using the recent Confederate cause as excuse for robbery . By the spring of 1873 , the US Army withdrew the troops from Fort Scott for good . From 1873 to 1965 , the buildings of the fort were left unattended , and slowly deteriorated . Many military buildings were razed and replaced with structures built for civilian use .

= = Modern times = =

With the Act of August 31 , 1965 , the National Park Service gave the city government of Fort Scott , Kansas the necessary funds and technical knowledge to restore the fort .


= Slammiversary ( 2008 ) =


= = Production = =


= = = Background = = =


= = = Storylines = = =


= = Event = =

Churchill , Ward ( 1994 ) . " Let 's Spread the Fun Around " . First published as " Crimes Against Humanity " in Margaret Anderson and Patricia Hill ( eds . ) ( 1994 ) . Race , Class and Gender : An Anthology . Belmont , CA : Wadsworth. pp. 366 – 73 . Also published under the titles " The Indian Chant and the Tomahawk Chop " and " Using Indian Names as Mascots Harms Native Americans " .

Churchill , Ward ( November 1998 ) . " Smoke Signals : A History of Native Americans in Cinema " . LiP Magazine .

Churchill , Ward ( Winter – Spring 2003 ) . " An American Holocaust ? The Structure of Denial " . Socialism and Democracy 17 ( 2 ) : 25 – 76 @.@ doi : 10 @.@ 1080 / 08854300308428341 .

Churchill , Ward ( July – August 2007 ) . " The Fourth World : Struggles for Traditional Lands and Ways of Life " . Left Turn 25 : 25 – 29 .

Audio and video

Doing Time : The Politics of Imprisonment , audio CD of a lecture , recorded at the Doing Time Conference at the University of Winnipeg , September 2000 ( AK Press , 2001 , ISBN 978 @-@ 1 @-@ 902593 @-@ 47 @-@ 0 )

In A Pig 's Eye : Reflections on the Police State , Repression , and Native America ( AK Press , 2002 , ISBN 978 @-@ 1 @-@ 902593 @-@ 50 @-@ 0 )

US Off The Planet ! : An Evening In Eugene With Ward Churchill And Chellis Glendinning , VHS video recorded July 17 , 2001 ( Cascadia Media Collective , 2002 )

Pacifism and Pathology in the American Left , 2003 audio CD recorded at an AK Press warehouse in Oakland ( AK Press Audio )

Z Mag Ward Churchill Audio August 10 , 2003 and earlier

Churchill Speaks About Academic Freedom – Free Speech Radio News February 9 , 2005

Ward Churchill Under Fire – Free Speech Radio News , February 3 , 2005 .

The Justice of Roosting Chickens : Ward Churchill Speaks The Pacifica Network Show , Democracy Now ! from February 18 , 2005 features extended Audio / Video exclusive interview with Churchill .

A Little Matter of Genocide : Linking U.S. Aggression Abroad to the Domestic Repression of Indigenous Peoples " , recorded in North Battleford , Saskatchewan on March 19 , 2005

Debate with David Horowitz and Ward Churchill at George Washington University April 6 , 2006

" Full two @-@ hour audio of debate with David Horowitz " . rightalk.listenz.com. Retrieved 2006 @-@ 07 @-@ 02 .

" David Horowitz vs. Ward Churchill — Round 1 " . Young Americans Foundation . Retrieved 2006 @-@ 07 @-@ 02 . Video and audio ( excerpt )

" David Horowitz vs. Ward Churchill " . insidehighered.com. Retrieved 2006 @-@ 07 @-@ 02 .

= = Artwork = =

Churchill 's subjects are often American Indian figures and other themes associated with Native American Culture . He uses historical photographs as source material for works . In the early 1990s at Santa Fe Indian Market , Churchill protested the passage of the 1990 Indian Arts and Crafts Act . It requires that , to identify and exhibit works as being by a Native American , artists and craftsmen must be enrolled in a Native American tribe or designated by a tribe as an artisan . Under federal law , Churchill cannot identify his art as by a Native American .

Some of Churchill 's pieces may infringe copyrights . For example , his 1981 serigraph Winter Attack was , according to Churchill and others , based on a 1972 drawing by the artist Thomas E. Mails Churchill printed 150 copies of Winter Attack and sold at least one of them . Other copies are available online for purchase . Churchill says that , when he produced Winter Attack , he publicly acknowledged that it was based on Mails ' work . The online journal Artnet mentions Churchill 's artwork and the controversy surrounding its originality .

= Exit Through the Kwik @-@ E @-@ Mart =

= = Plot = =

To get revenge on Homer , Bart goes around Springfield spray @-@ painting graffiti of Homer 's face and the word " dope " . When his work appears on the television news , it encourages Bart to create even more graffiti in the town . Street artists Shepard Fairey , Ron English , Kenny Scharf , and Robbie Conal encounter Bart one night when he is making some graffiti . The four tell Bart that they are impressed by his work and would like to showcase his art in a gallery show , at first Bart is unsure , but Bart remembers how Homer treated him , and then agrees . Meanwhile , the Kwik @-@ E @-@ Mart suffers because of the competition from Swapper Jack 's . Apu ends up attempting to rob Swapper Jack 's in a desperate measure , but the cashier ( Snake Jailbird ) convinces him to hand over the gun . Later , Apu is about to shut down the Kwik @-@ E @-@ Mart when his wife Manjula tells him that Swapper Jack 's is closing because it was discovered they were selling monkey meat imported from Brazil as chicken .

= = Production = =

= = Release = =

Writing for The A.V. Club , television reviewer Hayden Childs commented that " Exit Through the Kwik @-@ E @-@ Mart " was " somewhat amusing and far more coherent than many recent episodes , but the satire is relatively mild . The episode curdles a bit while looking for a sweet ending , but it is otherwise solid enough . " Critics have praised the opening sequence that parodies Game of Thrones . Tim Surette of TV.com called it " one minute of genius " , and MTV 's Brandon Freeberg wrote : " Congratulations are in order for Matt Groening and his staff for really knocking this one out of the park . " Jenna Busch of Zap2it and Kelly West of Cinema Blend , both fans of Game of Thrones , named the opening the best in the history of the show . IGN 's Eric Goldman commented : " Ah , The Simpsons . Always there for us with clever / loving parody of something we all love . Such was the case last night , when the animated series opened with an epic opening credit sequence that gave us the Springfield @-@ inspired version of the terrific Game of Thrones credits . "

= The Boat Race 2008 =

= = Background = =

= = Crews = =

= = Race = =

= = Reaction = =

Oxford 's Oliver Moore said " we got the rage going in the crew , and we started to kill it , we hit an awesome rhythm " . Cambridge coach Duncan Holland congratulated his opponents : " Well done to Oxford , they were much faster on the day " . Following tradition , the victorious Oxford crew tossed their cox Brodie into the Thames .

= Fort Scott National Historic Site =

Fort Scott National Historic Site is a historical area under the control of the United States National Park Service in Bourbon County , Kansas , United States . Named after General Winfield Scott , who achieved renown during the Mexican @-@ American War , during the middle of the 19th century the fort served as a military base for US Army action in what was the edge of settlement in 1850 . For the next quarter century , it was used as a supply base and to provide security in turbulent areas during the opening of the West to settlement , a period which included Bleeding Kansas and the American Civil War .

= = History = =

In 1842 , Fort Scott was named after Winfield Scott , was established on the American frontier on the military road in eastern Kansas between Fort Leavenworth and Fort Gibson . It was established to provide protection to the rapidly increasing number of settlers , who were migrating from the Eastern United States . Fort Scott became one of a chain of forts intended to protect the new settlers from the Plains Indians , as well as to protect the Indians from the settlers ' encroachment .

The United States government intention to reserve permanent Indian lands west of the Missouri River gave way to the competition of settlers continuing to encroach on the Indian settlements . Fort Scott 's most active days were between 1842 and 1853 , although it was also used during the Civil War .

= = = Army days = = =

The Cherokee of Indian Territory ( now Oklahoma ) were upset to have Fort Wayne in their proximity . After some delay , the US Army decided to abandon Fort Wayne and move its soldiers to a new fort to be built between Fort Leavenworth and the site . The Army both wanted to placate the Cherokee ( who were supervised by the Department of Defense ) and provide more defense for white settlers and other Indians against the Osage , who had been conducting frequent raids in the area . On April 1 , 1842 , some soldiers of Fort Wayne left their fort and on April 22 arrived where Fort Scott would be built , in the Osage Cuestas section of modern @-@ day Kansas . After haggling with the Cherokees to acquire the land , the rest of Fort Wayne 's garrison left the fort on May 26 and arrived at the Fort Scott site on May 30 .

Due to the rising tensions that escalated in the Mexican @-@ American War , the US Army redeployed troops to the Southwest . With Fort Scott still uncompleted , officials decided on April 25 , 1850 , that no more construction would be done there , after eight years and $ 35 @,@ 000 . By the time it was finished , it was obsolete ; three years later , it was abandoned by the military in favor of the more western Fort Riley .

For the average soldier , life at the fort was " monotonous " . Until the permanent structures were built , soldiers had to live in tents , which lacked comfort . Aside from a few whiskey peddlers and prostitutes , few civilians lived at the fort . Officers had brought their personal slaves with them , including Captain Swords . Five miles East in Missouri was a grog shop that supplied soldiers , and quite a few courts @-@ martial followed soldiers ' going AWOL at the shop . The desertion rate from the fort ranged from 12 % -16 % , due to boredom , irregular pay , and hatred for military life . As no combat took place near the fort , it seemed more of a frontier village than a military base . Hunting was a popular pastime ; according to Captain Swords , " wolf chasing and duck hunting " was the only way one officer could tolerate the place .

Two years after the army abandoned the fort , the buildings were sold by auction to civilians , with two being converted to hotels . In 1854 the Kansas @-@ Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 , which had kept slavery out of Kansas . Missourians in favor of slavery soon moved to Kansas to try to sway the vote of whether or not Kansas would permit slavery . Settlers from New England arrived equally determined to keep it out . Each of the two competing factions of the Bleeding Kansas conflict claimed one of the hotels at Fort Scott : Free @-@ Soil at the Fort Scott Hotel and Pro @-@ Slavery at the Western Hotel . Most of the residents in Fort Scott supported slavery , but those outside the town tended to the free @-@ soil side . During this time , there were local incidents of murder and attempted arson , typical elements of the guerrilla conflicts that were prevalent in the fighting .

= = = Army returns = = =

During the American Civil War , the fort was renewed as a US military post . In August 1861 , the Union Army took command of Fort Scott , and readied it for the war times . The United States Army also took over several blocks within the town for commissary and quartermaster functions . The Union Army rented the properties from the current civilian owners . Troops from Indiana , Iowa , Colorado , Ohio , and Wisconsin would come to the fort , and either stayed by the fort , or traveled farther , to subjugate Missouri , Arkansas , or the Indian Territory . Fort Scott was one of the few installations that recruited and trained black soldiers for the United States Colored Troops of the Union Army .

On January 14 , 1870 , the Army returned with the formation of the Post of Southeast Kansas . The Post was based at Fort Scott , but the soldiers camped along the rail tracks , and seldom used the original fort . They were sent to protect the railroads and workers from settlers . Some of the latter feared that the railroad , which had been awarded land for development by the US Government in rights @-@ of @-@ way , would evict them from their squatter homes . The settlers considered the troops lackeys to the railroads , and lumped both as enemies .

Settlers also had some continuing conflicts with Indians and insurgents using the recent Confederate cause as excuse for robbery . By the spring of 1873 , the US Army withdrew the troops from Fort Scott for good . From 1873 to 1965 , the buildings of the fort were left unattended , and slowly deteriorated . Many military buildings were razed and replaced with structures built for civilian use .

= = Modern times = =

With the Act of August 31 , 1965 , the National Park Service gave the city government of Fort Scott , Kansas the necessary funds and technical knowledge to restore the fort .

= Slammiversary ( 2008 ) =

= = Production = =

= = = Background = = =

= = = Storylines = = =

= = Event = =