began reexamining the techniques of quality control invented over the past 50 years and how those techniques had been so successfully employed by the Japanese. It was in the midst of this economic turmoil that TQM took root. The exact origin of the term "total quality management" is uncertain. It is almost certainly inspired by Armand V. Feigenbaum's multi-edition book "Total Quality Control" () and Kaoru Ishikawa's "What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way" (). It may have been first coined in the United Kingdom by the Department of Trade and Industry during its 1983 "National Quality Campaign". Or
it may have been first coined in the United States by the Naval Air Systems Command to describe its quality-improvement efforts in 1985. In the spring of 1984, an arm of the United States Navy asked some of its civilian researchers to assess statistical process control and the work of several prominent quality consultants and to make recommendations as to how to apply their approaches to improve the Navy's operational effectiveness. The recommendation was to adopt the teachings of W. Edwards Deming. The Navy branded the effort "Total Quality Management" in 1985. From the Navy, TQM spread throughout the US
as President of the American Society for Quality (1961–1963). On November 13, 2014, he died at the age of 94. His contributions to the quality body of knowledge include: Armand V. Feigenbaum Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1920 – November 13, 2014) was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total Quality Management (TQM). Feigenbaum received a bachelor's degree from Union College, his master's degree from the MIT Sloan School of Management, and his Ph.D. in Economics from MIT. He was Director of Manufacturing Operations at General Electric (1958–1968), and
W. Edwards Deming, Armand V. Feigenbaum, Kaoru Ishikawa and Joseph M. Juran." "TQM is a philosophy for managing an organisation in a way which enables it to meet stakeholder needs and expectations efficiently and effectively, without compromising ethical values." In the United States, the Baldrige Award, created by Public Law 100-107, annually recognizes American businesses, education institutions, health care organizations, and government or nonprofit organizations that are role models for organizational performance excellence. Organizations are judged on criteria from seven categories: Example criteria are: Joseph M. Juran believed the Baldrige Award judging criteria to be the most widely accepted description
Armand V. Feigenbaum Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1920 – November 13, 2014) was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total Quality Management (TQM). Feigenbaum received a bachelor's degree from Union College, his master's degree from the MIT Sloan School of Management, and his Ph.D. in Economics from MIT. He was Director of Manufacturing Operations at General Electric (1958–1968), and was later the President and CEO of General Systems Company of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, an engineering firm that helps companies define business operating systems. Feigenbaum wrote several books and served
Who developed the concept of total quality management?

Reference answer:
W. Edwards Deming