[{"Question":"I am about to build a piece of a project that will need to construct and post an XML document to a web service and I'd like to do it in Python, as a means to expand my skills in it.  \nUnfortunately, whilst I know the XML model fairly well in .NET, I'm uncertain what the pros and cons are of the XML models in Python.  \nAnyone have experience doing XML processing in Python? Where would you suggest I start? The XML files I'll be building will be fairly simple.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":6,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9979,"Q_Id":337,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"I write a SOAP server that receives XML requests and creates XML responses.  (Unfortunately, it's not my project, so it's closed source, but that's another problem).\nIt turned out for me that creating (SOAP) XML documents is fairly simple if you have a data structure that \"fits\" the schema.\nI keep the envelope since the response envelope is (almost) the same as the request envelope.  Then, since my data structure is a (possibly nested) dictionary, I create a string that turns this dictionary into <key>value<\/key> items.  \nThis is a task that recursion makes simple, and I end up with the right structure.  This is all done in python code and is currently fast enough for production use.\nYou can also (relatively) easily build lists as well, although depending upon your client, you may hit problems unless you give length hints.\nFor me, this was much simpler, since a dictionary is a much easier way of working than some custom class.  For the books, generating XML is much easier than parsing!","Q_Score":82,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":635,"CreationDate":"2008-08-02T03:35:00.000","Title":"XML Processing in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am about to build a piece of a project that will need to construct and post an XML document to a web service and I'd like to do it in Python, as a means to expand my skills in it.  \nUnfortunately, whilst I know the XML model fairly well in .NET, I'm uncertain what the pros and cons are of the XML models in Python.  \nAnyone have experience doing XML processing in Python? Where would you suggest I start? The XML files I'll be building will be fairly simple.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":6,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9979,"Q_Id":337,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"I've used ElementTree for several projects and recommend it. \nIt's pythonic, comes 'in the box' with Python 2.5, including the c version cElementTree (xml.etree.cElementTree) which is 20 times faster than the pure Python version, and is very easy to use.\nlxml has some perfomance advantages, but they are uneven and you should check the benchmarks first for your use case.\nAs I understand it, ElementTree code can easily be ported to lxml.","Q_Score":82,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":123307,"CreationDate":"2008-08-02T03:35:00.000","Title":"XML Processing in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am about to build a piece of a project that will need to construct and post an XML document to a web service and I'd like to do it in Python, as a means to expand my skills in it.  \nUnfortunately, whilst I know the XML model fairly well in .NET, I'm uncertain what the pros and cons are of the XML models in Python.  \nAnyone have experience doing XML processing in Python? Where would you suggest I start? The XML files I'll be building will be fairly simple.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":6,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9979,"Q_Id":337,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"It depends a bit on how complicated the document needs to be.\nI've used minidom a lot for writing XML, but that's usually been just reading documents, making some simple transformations, and writing them back out. That worked well enough until I needed the ability to order element attributes (to satisfy an ancient application that doesn't parse XML properly). At that point I gave up and wrote the XML myself.\nIf you're only working on simple documents, then doing it yourself can be quicker and simpler than learning a framework. If you can conceivably write the XML by hand, then you can probably code it by hand as well (just remember to properly escape special characters, and use str.encode(codec, errors=\"xmlcharrefreplace\")). Apart from these snafus, XML is regular enough that you don't need a special library to write it. If the document is too complicated to write by hand, then you should probably look into one of the frameworks already mentioned. At no point should you need to write a general XML writer.","Q_Score":82,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":202259,"CreationDate":"2008-08-02T03:35:00.000","Title":"XML Processing in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am about to build a piece of a project that will need to construct and post an XML document to a web service and I'd like to do it in Python, as a means to expand my skills in it.  \nUnfortunately, whilst I know the XML model fairly well in .NET, I'm uncertain what the pros and cons are of the XML models in Python.  \nAnyone have experience doing XML processing in Python? Where would you suggest I start? The XML files I'll be building will be fairly simple.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9979,"Q_Id":337,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I assume that the .NET way of processing XML builds on some version of MSXML and in that case I assume that using, for example, minidom would make you feel somewhat at home. However, if it is simple processing you are doing, any library will probably do.\nI also prefer working with ElementTree when dealing with XML in Python because it is a very neat library.","Q_Score":82,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":69772,"CreationDate":"2008-08-02T03:35:00.000","Title":"XML Processing in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am about to build a piece of a project that will need to construct and post an XML document to a web service and I'd like to do it in Python, as a means to expand my skills in it.  \nUnfortunately, whilst I know the XML model fairly well in .NET, I'm uncertain what the pros and cons are of the XML models in Python.  \nAnyone have experience doing XML processing in Python? Where would you suggest I start? The XML files I'll be building will be fairly simple.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9979,"Q_Id":337,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I strongly recommend SAX - Simple API for XML - implementation in the Python libraries. They are fairly easy to setup and process large XML by even driven API, as discussed by previous posters here, and have low memory footprint unlike validating DOM style XML parsers.","Q_Score":82,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":13832269,"CreationDate":"2008-08-02T03:35:00.000","Title":"XML Processing in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am about to build a piece of a project that will need to construct and post an XML document to a web service and I'd like to do it in Python, as a means to expand my skills in it.  \nUnfortunately, whilst I know the XML model fairly well in .NET, I'm uncertain what the pros and cons are of the XML models in Python.  \nAnyone have experience doing XML processing in Python? Where would you suggest I start? The XML files I'll be building will be fairly simple.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":6,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9979,"Q_Id":337,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"There are 3 major ways of dealing with XML, in general: dom, sax, and xpath. The dom model is good if you can afford to load your entire xml file into memory at once, and you don't mind dealing with data structures, and you are looking at much\/most of the model. The sax model is great if you only care about a few tags, and\/or you are dealing with big files and can process them sequentially. The xpath model is a little bit of each -- you can pick and choose paths to the data elements you need, but it requires more libraries to use.\nIf you want straightforward and packaged with Python, minidom is your answer, but it's pretty lame, and the documentation is \"here's docs on dom, go figure it out\". It's really annoying.\nPersonally, I like cElementTree, which is a faster (c-based) implementation of ElementTree, which is a dom-like model.\nI've used sax systems, and in many ways they're more \"pythonic\" in their feel, but I usually end up creating state-based systems to handle them, and that way lies madness (and bugs).\nI say go with minidom if you like research, or ElementTree if you want good code that works well.","Q_Score":82,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":69410,"CreationDate":"2008-08-02T03:35:00.000","Title":"XML Processing in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What are the libraries that support XPath? Is there a full implementation? How is the library used? Where is its website?","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":338237,"Q_Id":8692,"Users Score":40,"Answer":"Use LXML. LXML uses the full power of libxml2 and libxslt, but wraps them in more \"Pythonic\" bindings than the Python bindings that are native to those libraries. As such, it gets the full XPath 1.0 implementation. Native ElemenTree supports a limited subset of XPath, although it may be good enough for your needs.","Q_Score":245,"Tags":"python,xml,dom,xpath,python-2.x","A_Id":1732475,"CreationDate":"2008-08-12T11:28:00.000","Title":"How to use XPath in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a small utility that I use to download an MP3 file from a website on a schedule and then builds\/updates a podcast XML file which I've added to iTunes.\nThe text processing that creates\/updates the XML file is written in Python. However, I use wget inside a Windows .bat file to download the actual MP3 file. I would prefer to have the entire utility written in Python.\nI struggled to find a way to actually download the file in Python, thus why I resorted to using wget.\nSo, how do I download the file using Python?","AnswerCount":27,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1341778,"Q_Id":22676,"Users Score":20,"Answer":"Following are the most commonly used calls for downloading files in python:\n\nurllib.urlretrieve ('url_to_file', file_name)\nurllib2.urlopen('url_to_file')\nrequests.get(url)\nwget.download('url', file_name)\n\nNote: urlopen and urlretrieve are found to perform relatively bad with downloading large files (size > 500 MB). requests.get stores the file in-memory until download is complete.","Q_Score":1032,"Tags":"python,http,urllib","A_Id":39573536,"CreationDate":"2008-08-22T15:34:00.000","Title":"How to download a file over HTTP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What's the best way to specify a proxy with username and password for an http connection in python?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":95434,"Q_Id":34079,"Users Score":15,"Answer":"Setting an environment var named http_proxy like this: http:\/\/username:password@proxy_url:port","Q_Score":58,"Tags":"python,http,proxy","A_Id":3942980,"CreationDate":"2008-08-29T06:55:00.000","Title":"How to specify an authenticated proxy for a python http connection?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I retrieve the page title of a webpage (title html tag) using Python?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":103114,"Q_Id":51233,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"soup.title.string actually returns a unicode string.\nTo convert that into normal string, you need to do\nstring=string.encode('ascii','ignore')","Q_Score":86,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":17123979,"CreationDate":"2008-09-09T04:38:00.000","Title":"How can I retrieve the page title of a webpage using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"When I call socket.getsockname() on a socket object, it returns a tuple of my machine's internal IP and the port. However, I would like to retrieve my external IP. What's the cheapest, most efficient manner of doing this?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":19360,"Q_Id":58294,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"This isn't possible without cooperation from an external server, because there could be any number of NATs between you and the other computer. If it's a custom protocol, you could ask the other system to report what address it's connected to.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":58296,"CreationDate":"2008-09-12T04:21:00.000","Title":"How do I get the external IP of a socket in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I call socket.getsockname() on a socket object, it returns a tuple of my machine's internal IP and the port. However, I would like to retrieve my external IP. What's the cheapest, most efficient manner of doing this?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0444152037,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":19360,"Q_Id":58294,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"import socket\ns = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\ns.connect((\"msn.com\",80))\ns.getsockname()","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":256358,"CreationDate":"2008-09-12T04:21:00.000","Title":"How do I get the external IP of a socket in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Been scouring the net for something like firewatir but for python.  I'm trying to automate  firefox on linux.  Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":21896,"Q_Id":60152,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The languages of choice of Firefox is Javascript. Unless you have a specific requirement that requires Python, I would advice you to use that.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,linux,firefox,ubuntu,automation","A_Id":60218,"CreationDate":"2008-09-12T23:28:00.000","Title":"Automate firefox with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Been scouring the net for something like firewatir but for python.  I'm trying to automate  firefox on linux.  Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.024994793,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":21896,"Q_Id":60152,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would suggest you to use Selenium instead of Mechanize\/Twill because Mechanize would fail while handling Javascript.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,linux,firefox,ubuntu,automation","A_Id":7610441,"CreationDate":"2008-09-12T23:28:00.000","Title":"Automate firefox with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a good server\/client protocol supported in Python for making data requests\/file transfers between one server and many clients.  Security is also an issue - so secure login would be a plus.  I've been looking into XML-RPC, but it looks to be a pretty old (and possibly unused these days?) protocol.","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0181798149,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8856,"Q_Id":64426,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is no need to use HTTP (indeed, HTTP is not good for RPC in general in some respects), and no need to use a standards-based protocol if you're talking about a python client talking to a python server.\nUse a Python-specific RPC library such as Pyro, or what Twisted provides (Twisted.spread).","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,client","A_Id":256833,"CreationDate":"2008-09-15T16:27:00.000","Title":"Best Python supported server\/client protocol?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a good server\/client protocol supported in Python for making data requests\/file transfers between one server and many clients.  Security is also an issue - so secure login would be a plus.  I've been looking into XML-RPC, but it looks to be a pretty old (and possibly unused these days?) protocol.","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.072599319,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8856,"Q_Id":64426,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I suggest you look at 1. XMLRPC 2. JSONRPC 3. SOAP 4. REST\/ATOM\nXMLRPC is a valid choice. Don't worry it is too old. That is not a problem. It is so simple that little needed changing since original specification. The pro is that in every programming langauge I know there is a library for a client to be written in. Certainly for python. I made it work with mod_python and had no problem at all.\nThe big problem with it is its verbosity. For simple values there is a lot of XML overhead. You can gzip it of cause, but then you loose some debugging ability with the tools like Fiddler.\nMy personal preference is JSONRPC. It has all of the XMLRPC advantages and it is very compact. Further, Javascript clients can \"eval\" it so no parsing is necessary. Most of them are built for version 1.0 of the standard. I have seen diverse attempts to improve on it, called 1.1 1.2 and 2.0 but they are not built one on top of another and, to my knowledge, are not widely supported yet. 2.0 looks the best, but I would still stick with 1.0 for now (October 2008)\nThird candidate would be REST\/ATOM. REST is a principle, and ATOM is how you convey bulk of data when it needs to for POST, PUT requests and GET responses.\nFor a very nice implementation of it, look at GData, Google's API. Real real nice.\nSOAP is old, and lots lots of libraries \/ langauges support it. IT is heeavy and complicated, but if your primary clients are .NET or Java, it might be worth the bother.\nVisual Studio would import your WSDL file and create a wrapper and to C# programmer it would look like local assembly indeed.\nThe nice thing about all this, is that if you architect your solution right, existing libraries for Python would allow you support more then one with almost no overhead. XMLRPC and JSONRPC are especially good match.\nRegarding authentication. XMLRPC and JSONRPC don't bother defining one. It is independent thing from the serialization. So you can implement Basic Authentication, Digest Authentication or your own with any of those. I have seen couple of examples of client side Digest Authentication for python, but am yet to see the server based one. If you use Apache, you might not need one, using mod_auth_digest Apache module instead. This depens on the nature of your application\nTransport security. It is obvously SSL (HTTPS). I can't currently remember how XMLRPC deals with, but with JSONRPC implementation that I have it is trivial - you merely change http to https in your URLs to JSONRPC and it shall be going over SSL enabled transport.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,client","A_Id":256826,"CreationDate":"2008-09-15T16:27:00.000","Title":"Best Python supported server\/client protocol?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When trying to use libxml2 as myself I get an error saying the package cannot be found. If I run as as super user I am able to import fine.\nI have installed python25 and all libxml2 and libxml2-py25 related libraries via fink and own the entire path including the library. Any ideas why I'd still need to sudo?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":225,"Q_Id":68541,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would suspect the permissions on the library. Can you do a strace or similar to find out the filenames it's looking for, and then check the permissions on them?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,macos,libxml2","A_Id":70895,"CreationDate":"2008-09-16T01:27:00.000","Title":"libxml2-p25 on OS X 10.5 needs sudo?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When trying to use libxml2 as myself I get an error saying the package cannot be found. If I run as as super user I am able to import fine.\nI have installed python25 and all libxml2 and libxml2-py25 related libraries via fink and own the entire path including the library. Any ideas why I'd still need to sudo?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":225,"Q_Id":68541,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The PATH environment variable was the mistake.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,macos,libxml2","A_Id":77114,"CreationDate":"2008-09-16T01:27:00.000","Title":"libxml2-p25 on OS X 10.5 needs sudo?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My university doesn't support the POST cgi method (I know, it's crazy), and I was hoping to be able to have a system where a user can have a username and password and log in securely. Is this even possible?\nIf it's not, how would you do it with POST? Just out of curiosity.\nCheers!","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2893,"Q_Id":69979,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"With a bit of JavaScript, you could have the client hash the entered password and a server-generated nonce, and use that in an HTTP GET.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,authentication,cgi","A_Id":70003,"CreationDate":"2008-09-16T07:07:00.000","Title":"Can I implement a web user authentication system in python without POST?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My university doesn't support the POST cgi method (I know, it's crazy), and I was hoping to be able to have a system where a user can have a username and password and log in securely. Is this even possible?\nIf it's not, how would you do it with POST? Just out of curiosity.\nCheers!","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2893,"Q_Id":69979,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"You can actually do it all with GET methods.  However, you'll want to use a full challenge response protocol for the logins.  (You can hash on the client side using javascript.  You just need to send out a unique challenge each time.)  You'll also want to use SSL to ensure that no one can see the strings as they go across.\nIn some senses there's no real security difference between GET and POST requests as they both go across in plaintext, in other senses and in practice... GET is are a hell of a lot easier to intercept and is all over most people's logs and your web browser's history. :)\n(Or as suggested by the other posters, use a different method entirely like HTTP auth, digest auth or some higher level authentication scheme like AD, LDAP, kerberos or shib.  However I kinda assumed that if you didn't have POST you wouldn't have these either.)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,authentication,cgi","A_Id":69995,"CreationDate":"2008-09-16T07:07:00.000","Title":"Can I implement a web user authentication system in python without POST?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My university doesn't support the POST cgi method (I know, it's crazy), and I was hoping to be able to have a system where a user can have a username and password and log in securely. Is this even possible?\nIf it's not, how would you do it with POST? Just out of curiosity.\nCheers!","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2893,"Q_Id":69979,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could use HTTP Authentication, if supported.\nYou'd have to add SSL, as all methods, POST, GET and HTTP Auth (well, except Digest HHTP authentication) send plaintext.\nGET is basically just like POST, it just has a limit on the amount of data you can send which is usually a lot smaller than POST and a semantic difference which makes GET not a good candidate from that point of view, even if technically they both can do it.\nAs for examples, what are you using? There are many choices in Python, like the cgi module or some framework like Django, CherryPy, and so on","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,authentication,cgi","A_Id":69989,"CreationDate":"2008-09-16T07:07:00.000","Title":"Can I implement a web user authentication system in python without POST?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to search for a given MAC address on my network, all from within a Python script.  I already have a map of all the active IP addresses in the network but I cannot figure out how to glean the MAC address.  Any ideas?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.024994793,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16340,"Q_Id":85577,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think there is a built in way to get it from Python itself.  \nMy question is, how are you getting the IP information from your network?\nTo get it from your local machine you could parse ifconfig (unix) or ipconfig (windows) with little difficulty.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":85608,"CreationDate":"2008-09-17T17:23:00.000","Title":"Search for host with MAC-address using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to search for a given MAC address on my network, all from within a Python script.  I already have a map of all the active IP addresses in the network but I cannot figure out how to glean the MAC address.  Any ideas?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16340,"Q_Id":85577,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You would want to parse the output of 'arp', but the kernel ARP cache will only contain those IP address(es) if those hosts have communicated with the host where the Python script is running.\nifconfig can be used to display the MAC addresses of local interfaces, but not those on the LAN.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":85641,"CreationDate":"2008-09-17T17:23:00.000","Title":"Search for host with MAC-address using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to search for a given MAC address on my network, all from within a Python script.  I already have a map of all the active IP addresses in the network but I cannot figure out how to glean the MAC address.  Any ideas?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.024994793,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16340,"Q_Id":85577,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It seems that there is not a native way of doing this with Python.  Your best bet would be to parse the output of \"ipconfig \/all\" on Windows, or \"ifconfig\" on Linux.  Consider using os.popen() with some regexps.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":85634,"CreationDate":"2008-09-17T17:23:00.000","Title":"Search for host with MAC-address using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to search for a given MAC address on my network, all from within a Python script.  I already have a map of all the active IP addresses in the network but I cannot figure out how to glean the MAC address.  Any ideas?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16340,"Q_Id":85577,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Depends on your platform. If you're using *nix, you can use the 'arp' command to look up the mac address for a given IP (assuming IPv4) address. If that doesn't work, you could ping the address and then look, or if you have access to the raw network (using BPF or some other mechanism), you could send your own ARP packets (but that is probably overkill).","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":85620,"CreationDate":"2008-09-17T17:23:00.000","Title":"Search for host with MAC-address using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically, something similar to System.Xml.XmlWriter - A streaming XML Writer that doesn't incur much of a memory overhead. So that rules out xml.dom and xml.dom.minidom. Suggestions?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2617,"Q_Id":93710,"Users Score":-4,"Answer":"xml.etree.cElementTree, included in the default distribution of CPython since 2.5. Lightning fast for both reading and writing XML.","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,xml,streaming","A_Id":93850,"CreationDate":"2008-09-18T15:42:00.000","Title":"What's the easiest non-memory intensive way to output XML from Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What I'm trying to do here is get the headers of a given URL so I can determine the MIME type. I want to be able to see if http:\/\/somedomain\/foo\/ will return an HTML document or a JPEG image for example. Thus, I need to figure out how to send a HEAD request so that I can read the MIME type without having to download the content. Does anyone know of an easy way of doing this?","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0181798149,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":72799,"Q_Id":107405,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As an aside, when using the httplib (at least on 2.5.2), trying to read the response of a HEAD request will block (on readline) and subsequently fail.  If you do not issue read on the response, you are unable to send another request on the connection, you will need to open a new one.  Or accept a long delay between requests.","Q_Score":117,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,http,http-headers,content-type","A_Id":779985,"CreationDate":"2008-09-20T06:38:00.000","Title":"How do you send a HEAD HTTP request in Python 2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What I'm trying to do here is get the headers of a given URL so I can determine the MIME type. I want to be able to see if http:\/\/somedomain\/foo\/ will return an HTML document or a JPEG image for example. Thus, I need to figure out how to send a HEAD request so that I can read the MIME type without having to download the content. Does anyone know of an easy way of doing this?","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0181798149,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":72799,"Q_Id":107405,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I have found that httplib is slightly faster than urllib2.  I timed two programs - one using httplib  and the other using urllib2 - sending HEAD requests to 10,000 URL's.  The httplib one was faster by several minutes.  httplib's total stats were: real    6m21.334s\n                                                                    user    0m2.124s\n                                                                    sys     0m16.372s\nAnd urllib2's total stats were:                                 real    9m1.380s\n                                                                    user    0m16.666s\n                                                                    sys     0m28.565s\nDoes anybody else have input on this?","Q_Score":117,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,http,http-headers,content-type","A_Id":2630687,"CreationDate":"2008-09-20T06:38:00.000","Title":"How do you send a HEAD HTTP request in Python 2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to upload some data to a server using HTTP PUT in python. From my brief reading of the urllib2 docs, it only does HTTP POST. Is there any way to do an HTTP PUT in python?","AnswerCount":14,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":174987,"Q_Id":111945,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"I needed to solve this problem too a while back so that I could act as a client for a RESTful API.  I settled on httplib2 because it allowed me to send PUT and DELETE in addition to GET and POST.  Httplib2 is not part of the standard library but you can easily get it from the cheese shop.","Q_Score":225,"Tags":"python,http,put","A_Id":114648,"CreationDate":"2008-09-21T20:11:00.000","Title":"Is there any way to do HTTP PUT in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any python module for rendering a HTML page with javascript and get back a DOM object?\nI want to parse a page which generates almost all of its content using javascript.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34652,"Q_Id":126131,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"The big complication here is emulating the full browser environment outside of a browser. You can use stand alone javascript interpreters like Rhino and SpiderMonkey to run javascript code but they don't provide a complete browser like environment to full render a web page.\nIf I needed to solve a problem like this I would first look at how the javascript is rendering the page, it's quite possible it's fetching data via AJAX and using that to render the page. I could then use python libraries like simplejson and httplib2 to directly fetch the data and use that, negating the need to access the DOM object. However, that's only one possible situation, I don't know the exact problem you are solving.\nOther options include the selenium one mentioned by \u0141ukasz, some kind of webkit embedded craziness, some kind of IE win32 scripting craziness or, finally, a pyxpcom based solution (with added craziness). All these have the drawback of requiring pretty much a fully running web browser for python to play with, which might not be an option depending on your environment.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"javascript,python,html","A_Id":126250,"CreationDate":"2008-09-24T09:05:00.000","Title":"Python library for rendering HTML and javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've added cookie support to SOAPpy by overriding HTTPTransport.  I need functionality beyond that of SOAPpy, so I was planning on moving to ZSI, but I can't figure out how to put the Cookies on the ZSI posts made to the service.  Without these cookies, the server will think it is an unauthorized request and it will fail.\nHow can I add cookies from a Python CookieJar to ZSI requests?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":526,"Q_Id":139212,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Additionally, the Binding class also allows any header to be added.  So I figured out that I can just add a \"Cookie\" header for each cookie I need to add.  This worked well for the code generated by wsdl2py, just adding the cookies right after the binding is formed in the SOAP client class.  Adding a parameter to the generated class to take in the cookies as a dictionary is easy and then they can easily be iterated through and added.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-services,cookies,soappy,zsi","A_Id":148379,"CreationDate":"2008-09-26T12:45:00.000","Title":"Adding Cookie to ZSI Posts","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to redirect\/forward a Pylons request.  The problem with using redirect_to is that form data gets dropped.  I need to keep the POST form data intact as well as all request headers.\nIs there a simple way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1415,"Q_Id":153773,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Receiving data from a POST depends on the web browser sending data along.  When the web browser receives a redirect, it does not resend that data along.  One solution would be to URL encode the data you want to keep and use that with a GET.  In the worst case, you could always add the data you want to keep to the session and pass it that way.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,post,request,header,pylons","A_Id":153822,"CreationDate":"2008-09-30T16:11:00.000","Title":"What is the preferred way to redirect a request in Pylons without losing form data?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've discovered that cElementTree is about 30 times faster than xml.dom.minidom and I'm rewriting my XML encoding\/decoding code. However, I need to output XML that contains CDATA sections and there doesn't seem to be a way to do that with ElementTree.\nCan it be done?","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0133325433,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52719,"Q_Id":174890,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The DOM has (atleast in level 2) an interface\nDATASection, and an operation Document::createCDATASection.  They are\nextension interfaces, supported only if an implementation supports the\n\"xml\" feature.\nfrom xml.dom import minidom\nmy_xmldoc=minidom.parse(xmlfile)\nmy_xmldoc.createCDATASection(data)\nnow u have cadata node add it wherever u want....","Q_Score":46,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":510324,"CreationDate":"2008-10-06T15:56:00.000","Title":"How to output CDATA using ElementTree","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If I have no connection to internet, does that mean I can't start IDLE (which comes with python 3.0)?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":945,"Q_Id":190115,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Not really. You can download the latest version of Python 3.x suitable for whichever operating system you are using, and you can load IDLE without any internet.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,python-idle","A_Id":56122726,"CreationDate":"2008-10-10T04:19:00.000","Title":"IDLE doesn't start in python 3.0","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Python has several ways to parse XML...\nI understand the very basics of parsing with SAX.  It functions as a stream parser, with an event-driven API.\nI understand the DOM parser also.  It reads the XML into memory and converts it to objects that can be accessed with Python.\nGenerally speaking, it was easy to choose between the two depending on what you needed to do, memory constraints, performance, etc.\n(Hopefully I'm correct so far.)\nSince Python 2.5, we also have ElementTree. How does this compare to DOM and SAX? Which is it more similar to? Why is it better than the previous parsers?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":33129,"Q_Id":192907,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"ElementTree's parse() is like DOM, whereas iterparse() is like SAX. In my opinion, ElementTree is better than DOM and SAX in that it provides API easier to work with.","Q_Score":80,"Tags":"python,xml,dom,sax,elementtree","A_Id":192913,"CreationDate":"2008-10-10T20:22:00.000","Title":"XML parsing - ElementTree vs SAX and DOM","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a program in Python that will act as a server and accept data from a client, is it a good idea to impose a hard limit as to the amount of data, if so why?\nMore info:\nSo certain chat programs limit the amount of text one can send per send (i.e. per time user presses send) so the question comes down to is there a legit reason for this and if yes, what is it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1350,"Q_Id":203758,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What is your question exactly? \nWhat happens when you do receive on a socket is that the current available data in the socket buffer is immediately returned. If you give receive (or read, I guess), a huge buffer size, such as 40000, it'll likely never return that much data at once. If you give it a tiny buffer size like 100, then it'll return the 100 bytes it has immediately and still have more available. Either way, you're not imposing a limit on how much data the client is sending you.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":203769,"CreationDate":"2008-10-15T04:55:00.000","Title":"Receive socket size limits good?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a program in Python that will act as a server and accept data from a client, is it a good idea to impose a hard limit as to the amount of data, if so why?\nMore info:\nSo certain chat programs limit the amount of text one can send per send (i.e. per time user presses send) so the question comes down to is there a legit reason for this and if yes, what is it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1350,"Q_Id":203758,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Most likely you've seen code which protects against \"extra\" incoming data. This is often due to the possibility of buffer overruns, where the extra data being copied into memory overruns the pre-allocated array and overwrites executable code with attacker code. Code written in languages like C typically has a lot of length checking to prevent this type of attack. Functions such as gets, and strcpy are replaced with their safer counterparts like fgets and strncpy which have a length argument to prevent buffer overruns.\nIf you use a dynamic language like Python, your arrays resize so they won't overflow and clobber other memory, but you still have to be careful about sanitizing foreign data.\nChat programs likely limit the size of a message for reasons such as database field size. If 80% of your incoming messages are 40 characters or less, 90% are 60 characters or less, and 98% are 80 characters or less, why make your message text field allow 10k characters per message?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":203933,"CreationDate":"2008-10-15T04:55:00.000","Title":"Receive socket size limits good?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a program in Python that will act as a server and accept data from a client, is it a good idea to impose a hard limit as to the amount of data, if so why?\nMore info:\nSo certain chat programs limit the amount of text one can send per send (i.e. per time user presses send) so the question comes down to is there a legit reason for this and if yes, what is it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1350,"Q_Id":203758,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know what your actual application is, however, setting a hard limit on the total amount of data that a client can send could be useful in reducing your exposure to denial of service attacks, e.g. client connects and sends 100MB of data which could load your application unacceptably.\nBut it really depends on what you application is. Are you after a per line limit or a total per connection limit or what?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":207096,"CreationDate":"2008-10-15T04:55:00.000","Title":"Receive socket size limits good?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I get a list of the IP addresses or host names from a local network easily in Python?\nIt would be best if it was multi-platform, but it needs to work on Mac OS X first, then others follow.\nEdit: By local I mean all active addresses within a local network, such as 192.168.xxx.xxx.\nSo, if the IP address of my computer (within the local network) is 192.168.1.1, and I have three other connected computers, I would want it to return the IP addresses 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4, and possibly their hostnames.","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":129230,"Q_Id":207234,"Users Score":24,"Answer":"If by \"local\" you mean on the same network segment, then you have to perform the following steps:\n\nDetermine your own IP address\nDetermine your own netmask\nDetermine the network range\nScan all the addresses (except the lowest, which is your network address and the highest, which is your broadcast address).\nUse your DNS's reverse lookup to determine the hostname for IP addresses which respond to your scan.\n\nOr you can just let Python execute nmap externally and pipe the results back into your program.","Q_Score":46,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":207246,"CreationDate":"2008-10-16T02:32:00.000","Title":"List of IP addresses\/hostnames from local network in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have noticed that my particular instance of Trac is not running quickly and has big lags.  This is at the very onset of a project, so not much is in Trac (except for plugins and code loaded into SVN).\nSetup Info: This is via a SELinux system hosted by WebFaction.  It is behind Apache, and connections are over SSL.  Currently the .htpasswd file is what I use to control access.\nAre there any recommend ways to improve the performance of Trac?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2997,"Q_Id":213838,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"It's hard to say without knowing more about your setup, but one easy win is to make sure that Trac is running in something like mod_python, which keeps the Python runtime in memory. Otherwise, every HTTP request will cause Python to run, import all the modules, and then finally handle the request. Using mod_python (or FastCGI, whichever you prefer) will eliminate that loading and skip straight to the good stuff.\nAlso, as your Trac database grows and you get more people using the site, you'll probably outgrow the default SQLite database. At that point, you should think about migrating the database to PostgreSQL or MySQL, because they'll be able to handle concurrent requests much faster.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,performance,trac","A_Id":214162,"CreationDate":"2008-10-17T21:02:00.000","Title":"How to improve Trac's performance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have noticed that my particular instance of Trac is not running quickly and has big lags.  This is at the very onset of a project, so not much is in Trac (except for plugins and code loaded into SVN).\nSetup Info: This is via a SELinux system hosted by WebFaction.  It is behind Apache, and connections are over SSL.  Currently the .htpasswd file is what I use to control access.\nAre there any recommend ways to improve the performance of Trac?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2997,"Q_Id":213838,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"We've had the best luck with FastCGI.  Another critical factor was to only use https for authentication but use http for all other traffic -- I was really surprised how much that made a difference.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,performance,trac","A_Id":215084,"CreationDate":"2008-10-17T21:02:00.000","Title":"How to improve Trac's performance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am interested in making a Google Talk client using Python and would like to use the Twisted libraries Words module.  I have looked at the examples, but they don't work with the current implementation of Google Talk.\nHas anybody had any luck with this?  Would you mind documenting a brief tutorial?\nAs a simple task, I'd like to create a client\/bot that tracks the Online time of my various Google Talk accounts so that I can get an aggregate number.  I figure I could friend the bot in each account and then use the XMPP presence information to keep track of the times that I can then aggregate.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8406,"Q_Id":227279,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"As the Twisted libs seem to be out of date, you have two choices:\nImplement your own XMPP-handler or look for another library.\nI would suggest working with the raw XML; XMPP is not that complicated and you are bound to learn something.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,twisted,xmpp,google-talk","A_Id":228877,"CreationDate":"2008-10-22T19:48:00.000","Title":"How do you create a simple Google Talk Client using the Twisted Words Python library?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a script that goes through a bunch of files and snips out a portion of the files for further processing. The script creates a new directory and creates new files for each snip that is taken out.  I have to now evaluate each of the files that were created to see if it is what I needed.  The script also creates an html index file with links to each of the snips.  So I can click the hyperlink to see the file, make a note in a spreadsheet to  indicate if the file is correct or not and then use the back button in the browser to take me back to the index list.  \nI was sitting here wondering if I could somehow create a delete button in the browser next to the hyperlink.  My thought is I would click the hyperlink, make a judgment about the file and if it is not one I want to keep then when I get back to the main page I just press the delete button and it is gone from the directory.   \nDoes anyone have any idea if this is possible.  I am writing this in python but clearly the issue is is there a way to create an htm file with a delete button-I would just use Python to write the commands for the deletion button.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1222,"Q_Id":256021,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You would have to write the web page in Python. There are many Python web frameworks out there (e.g. Django) that are easy to work with. You could convert your entire scripting framework to a web application that has a worker thread going and crawling through html pages, saving them to a particular location, indexing them for you to see and providing a delete button that calls the system's delete function on the particular file.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-applications,browser","A_Id":256028,"CreationDate":"2008-11-01T19:52:00.000","Title":"Can I Use Python to Make a Delete Button in a 'web page'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have written a script that goes through a bunch of files and snips out a portion of the files for further processing. The script creates a new directory and creates new files for each snip that is taken out.  I have to now evaluate each of the files that were created to see if it is what I needed.  The script also creates an html index file with links to each of the snips.  So I can click the hyperlink to see the file, make a note in a spreadsheet to  indicate if the file is correct or not and then use the back button in the browser to take me back to the index list.  \nI was sitting here wondering if I could somehow create a delete button in the browser next to the hyperlink.  My thought is I would click the hyperlink, make a judgment about the file and if it is not one I want to keep then when I get back to the main page I just press the delete button and it is gone from the directory.   \nDoes anyone have any idea if this is possible.  I am writing this in python but clearly the issue is is there a way to create an htm file with a delete button-I would just use Python to write the commands for the deletion button.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1222,"Q_Id":256021,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could make this even simpler by making it all happen in one main page. Instead of having a list of hyperlinks, just have the main page have one frame that loads one of the autocreated pages in it. Put a couple of buttons at the bottom - a \"Keep this page\" and a \"Delete this page.\" When you click either button, the main page refreshes, this time with the next autocreated page in the frame.\nYou could make this as a cgi script in your favorite scripting language. You can't just do this in html because an html page only does stuff client-side, and you can only delete files server-side. You will probably need as cgi args the page to show in the frame, and the last page you viewed if the button click was a \"delete\".","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-applications,browser","A_Id":256040,"CreationDate":"2008-11-01T19:52:00.000","Title":"Can I Use Python to Make a Delete Button in a 'web page'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing a scraper that downloads all the image files from a HTML page and saves them to a specific folder. all the images are the part of the HTML page.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0855049882,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":97893,"Q_Id":257409,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Use htmllib to extract all img tags (override do_img), then use urllib2 to download all the images.","Q_Score":47,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping","A_Id":257413,"CreationDate":"2008-11-02T21:31:00.000","Title":"Download image file from the HTML page source using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing a scraper that downloads all the image files from a HTML page and saves them to a specific folder. all the images are the part of the HTML page.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":97893,"Q_Id":257409,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"You have to download the page and parse html document, find your image with regex and download it.. You can use urllib2 for downloading and Beautiful Soup for parsing html file.","Q_Score":47,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping","A_Id":257412,"CreationDate":"2008-11-02T21:31:00.000","Title":"Download image file from the HTML page source using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm conducting experiments regarding e-mail spam. One of these experiments require sending mail thru Tor. Since I'm using Python and smtplib for my experiments, I'm looking for a way to use the Tor proxy (or other method) to perform that mail sending.\nIdeas how this can be done?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2405,"Q_Id":266849,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Because of abuse by spammers, many Tor egress nodes decline to emit port 25 (SMTP) traffic, so you may have problems.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,smtp,tor","A_Id":275164,"CreationDate":"2008-11-05T21:50:00.000","Title":"Using Python's smtplib with Tor","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running my HTTPServer in a separate thread (using the threading module which has no way to stop threads...) and want to stop serving requests when the main thread also shuts down.\nThe Python documentation states that BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer is a subclass of SocketServer.TCPServer, which supports a shutdown method, but it is missing in HTTPServer.\nThe whole BaseHTTPServer module has very little documentation :(","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":87640,"Q_Id":268629,"Users Score":15,"Answer":"I think you can use [serverName].socket.close()","Q_Score":58,"Tags":"python,http,basehttpserver","A_Id":4020093,"CreationDate":"2008-11-06T13:10:00.000","Title":"How to stop BaseHTTPServer.serve_forever() in a BaseHTTPRequestHandler subclass?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I develop a client-server style, database based system and I need to devise a way to stress \/ load test the system.  Customers inevitably want to know such things as:\n\u2022 How many clients can a server support?\n\u2022 How many concurrent searches can a server support?\n\u2022 How much data can we store in the database?\n\u2022 Etc.\nKey to all these questions is response time.  We need to be able to measure how response time and performance degrades as new load is introduced so that we could for example, produce some kind of pretty graph we could throw at clients to give them an idea what kind of performance to expect with a given hardware configuration.\nRight now we just put out fingers in the air and make educated guesses based on what we already know about the system from experience.  As the product is put under more demanding conditions, this is proving to be inadequate for our needs going forward though.\nI've been given the task of devising a method to get such answers in a meaningful way.  I realise that this is not a question that anyone can answer definitively but I'm looking for suggestions about how people have gone about doing such work on their own systems.\nOne thing to note is that we have full access to our client API via the Python language (courtesy of SWIG) which is a lot easier to work with than C++ for this kind of work.\nSo there we go, I throw this to the floor: really interested to see what ideas you guys can come up with!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10487,"Q_Id":271825,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"For performance you are looking at two things: latency (the responsiveness of the application) and throughput (how many ops per interval). For latency you need to have an acceptable benchmark. For throughput you need to have a minimum acceptable throughput.\nThese are you starting points. For telling a client how many xyz's you can do per interval then you are going to need to know the hardware and software configuration. Knowing the production hardware is important to getting accurate figures. If you do not know the hardware configuration then you need to devise a way to map your figures from the test hardware to the eventual production hardware.\nWithout knowledge of hardware then you can really only observe trends in performance over time rather than absolutes.\nKnowing the software configuration is equally important. Do you have a clustered server configuration, is it load balanced, is there anything else running on the server? Can you scale your software or do you have to scale the hardware to meet demand.\nTo know how many clients you can support you need to understand what is a standard set of operations. A quick test is to remove the client and write a stub client and the spin up as many of these as you can. Have each one connect to the server. You will eventually reach the server connection resource limit. Without connection pooling or better hardware you can't get higher than this. Often you will hit a architectural issue before here but in either case you have an upper bounds.\nTake this information and design a script that your client can enact. You need to map how long your script takes to perform the action with respect to how long it will take the expected user to do it. Start increasing your numbers as mentioned above to you hit the point where the increase in clients causes a greater decrease in performance. \nThere are many ways to stress test but the key is understanding expected load. Ask your client about their expectations. What is the expected demand per interval? From there you can work out upper loads.\nYou can do a soak test with many clients operating continously for many hours or days. You can try to connect as many clients as you can as fast you can to see how well your server handles high demand (also a DOS attack). \nConcurrent searches should be done through your standard behaviour searches acting on behalf of the client or, write a script to establish a semaphore that waits on many threads, then you can release them all at once. This is fun and punishes your database. When performing searches you need to take into account any caching layers that may exist. You need to test both caching and without caching (in scenarios where everyone makes unique search requests).\nDatabase storage is based on physical space; you can determine row size from the field lengths and expected data population. Extrapolate this out statistically or create a data generation script (useful for your load testing scenarios and should be an asset to your organisation) and then map the generated data to business objects. Your clients will care about how many \"business objects\" they can store while you will care about how much raw data can be stored.\nOther things to consider: What is the expected availability? What about how long it takes to bring a server online. 99.9% availability is not good if it takes two days to bring back online the one time it does go down. On the flip side a lower availablility is more acceptable if it takes 5 seconds to reboot and you have a fall over.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,database,client-server,load-testing,stress-testing","A_Id":271918,"CreationDate":"2008-11-07T11:35:00.000","Title":"How should I stress test \/ load test a client server application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I develop a client-server style, database based system and I need to devise a way to stress \/ load test the system.  Customers inevitably want to know such things as:\n\u2022 How many clients can a server support?\n\u2022 How many concurrent searches can a server support?\n\u2022 How much data can we store in the database?\n\u2022 Etc.\nKey to all these questions is response time.  We need to be able to measure how response time and performance degrades as new load is introduced so that we could for example, produce some kind of pretty graph we could throw at clients to give them an idea what kind of performance to expect with a given hardware configuration.\nRight now we just put out fingers in the air and make educated guesses based on what we already know about the system from experience.  As the product is put under more demanding conditions, this is proving to be inadequate for our needs going forward though.\nI've been given the task of devising a method to get such answers in a meaningful way.  I realise that this is not a question that anyone can answer definitively but I'm looking for suggestions about how people have gone about doing such work on their own systems.\nOne thing to note is that we have full access to our client API via the Python language (courtesy of SWIG) which is a lot easier to work with than C++ for this kind of work.\nSo there we go, I throw this to the floor: really interested to see what ideas you guys can come up with!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10487,"Q_Id":271825,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you have the budget, LoadRunner would be perfect for this.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,database,client-server,load-testing,stress-testing","A_Id":271891,"CreationDate":"2008-11-07T11:35:00.000","Title":"How should I stress test \/ load test a client server application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Let's say I wanted to make a python script interface with a site like Twitter.\nWhat would I use to do that? I'm used to using curl\/wget from bash, but Python seems to be much nicer to use. What's the equivalent?\n(This isn't Python run from a webserver, but run locally via the command line)","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":839,"Q_Id":285226,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Python has a very nice httplib module as well as a url module which together will probably accomplish most of what you need (at least with regards to wget functionality).","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,web-services,twitter","A_Id":285252,"CreationDate":"2008-11-12T20:28:00.000","Title":"What Python tools can I use to interface with a website's API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to connect to an Exchange mailbox in a Python script, without using any profile setup on the local machine (including using Outlook).  If I use win32com to create a MAPI.Session I could logon (with the Logon() method) with an existing profile, but I want to just provide a username & password.\nIs this possible?  If so, could someone provide example code?  I would prefer if it only used the standard library and the pywin32 package.  Unfortunately, enabling IMAP access for the Exchange server (and then using imaplib) is not possible.\nIn case it is necessary: all the script will be doing is connecting to the mailbox, and running through the messages in the Inbox, retrieving the contents.  I can handle writing the code for that, if I can get a connection in the first place!\nTo clarify regarding Outlook: Outlook will be installed on the local machine, but it does not have any accounts setup (i.e. all the appropriate libraries will be available, but I need to operate independently from anything setup inside of Outlook).","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":107535,"Q_Id":288546,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm pretty sure this is going to be impossible without using Outlook and a MAPI profile.  If you can sweet talk your mail admin into enabling IMAP on the Exchange server it would make your life a lot easier.","Q_Score":26,"Tags":"python,email,connection,exchange-server,pywin32","A_Id":288569,"CreationDate":"2008-11-13T22:19:00.000","Title":"Connect to Exchange mailbox with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have developers with knowledge of these languages - Ruby , Python, .Net or Java. We are developing an application which will mainly handle XML documents. Most of the work is to convert predefined XML files into database tables, providing mapping between XML documents through database, creating reports from database etc. Which language will be the easiest and fastest to work with?\n(It is a web-app)","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0444152037,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":18193,"Q_Id":301493,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"either C# or VB.Net using LiNQ to XML. LiNQ to XML is very very powerful and easy to implement","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"java,.net,python,xml,ruby","A_Id":301538,"CreationDate":"2008-11-19T10:35:00.000","Title":"Which language is easiest and fastest to work with XML content?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to find all nodes in a xml tree using cElementTree? The findall method works only for specified tags.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1525,"Q_Id":304216,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Have you looked at node.getiterator()?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,xml,search,celementtree","A_Id":304221,"CreationDate":"2008-11-20T03:06:00.000","Title":"Find all nodes from an XML using cElementTree","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Comparable to cacti or mrtg.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1942,"Q_Id":310759,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"or you can start building your own solution (like me), you will be surprised how much can you do with few lines of code using for instance cherryp for web server, pysnmp, and python rrd module.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,pylons,snmp,turbogears","A_Id":541516,"CreationDate":"2008-11-22T02:26:00.000","Title":"Does anyone know of a python based web ui for snmp monitoring?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to run a simple request\/response python module under an\nexisting system with windows\/apache\/FastCGI.\nAll the FastCGI wrappers for python I tried work for Linux only\n(they use socket.fromfd() and other such shticks).\nIs there a wrapper that runs under windows?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3212,"Q_Id":312928,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You might find it easier to ditch FastCGI altogether and just run a python webserver on a localhost port. Then just use mod_rewrite to map the apache urls to the internal webserver.\n(I started offering FastCGI at my hosting company and to my surprise, nearly everyone ditched it in favor of just running their own web server on the ports I provided them.)","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,windows,apache,fastcgi","A_Id":318517,"CreationDate":"2008-11-23T20:39:00.000","Title":"Python as FastCGI under windows and apache","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What's the best way to validate that an IP entered by the user is valid?  It comes in as a string.","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":305361,"Q_Id":319279,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I only needed to parse IP v4 addresses. My solution based on Chills strategy follows:\n\ndef getIP():\n    valid = False\n    while not valid :\n        octets = raw_input( \"Remote Machine IP Address:\" ).strip().split(\".\")\n        try: valid=len( filter( lambda(item):0<=int(item)<256, octets) ) == 4\n        except: valid = False\n    return \".\".join( octets )","Q_Score":175,"Tags":"python,validation,networking,ip-address","A_Id":17214916,"CreationDate":"2008-11-25T23:40:00.000","Title":"How to validate IP address in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an object that can build itself from an XML string, and write itself out to an XML string. I'd like to write a unit test to test round tripping through XML, but I'm having trouble comparing the two XML versions. Whitespace and attribute order seem to be the issues. Any suggestions for how to do this? This is in Python, and I'm using ElementTree (not that that really matters here since I'm just dealing with XML in strings at this level).","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0599281035,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17177,"Q_Id":321795,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Why are you examining the XML data at all?\nThe way to test object serialization is to create an instance of the object, serialize it, deserialize it into a new object, and compare the two objects.  When you make a change that breaks serialization or deserialization, this test will fail.\nThe only thing checking the XML data is going to find for you is if your serializer is emitting a superset of what the deserializer requires, and the deserializer silently ignores stuff it doesn't expect.\nOf course, if something else is going to be consuming the serialized data, that's another matter.  But in that case, you ought to be thinking about establishing a schema for the XML and validating it.","Q_Score":41,"Tags":"python,xml,elementtree","A_Id":322088,"CreationDate":"2008-11-26T19:09:00.000","Title":"Comparing XML in a unit test in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an object that can build itself from an XML string, and write itself out to an XML string. I'd like to write a unit test to test round tripping through XML, but I'm having trouble comparing the two XML versions. Whitespace and attribute order seem to be the issues. Any suggestions for how to do this? This is in Python, and I'm using ElementTree (not that that really matters here since I'm just dealing with XML in strings at this level).","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17177,"Q_Id":321795,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The Java component dbUnit does a lot of XML comparisons, so you might find it useful to look at their approach (especially to find any gotchas that they may have already addressed).","Q_Score":41,"Tags":"python,xml,elementtree","A_Id":322600,"CreationDate":"2008-11-26T19:09:00.000","Title":"Comparing XML in a unit test in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to check whether a page is being redirected or not without actually downloading the content. I just need the final URL. What's the best way of doing this is Python?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3318,"Q_Id":331855,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When you open the URL with urllib2, and you're redirected, you get a status 30x for redirection.  Check the info to see the location to which you're redirected.  You don't need to read the page to read the info() that's part of the response.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,http,http-headers","A_Id":331871,"CreationDate":"2008-12-01T19:10:00.000","Title":"How to determine if a page is being redirected","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We use a number of diffrent web services in our company, wiki(moinmoin), bugtracker (internally), requestracker (customer connection), subversion. Is there a way to parse the wikipages so that if I write \"... in Bug1234 you could ...\" Bug1234 woud be renderd as a link to http:\/\/mybugtracker\/bug1234","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":714,"Q_Id":343769,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"check out the interwiki page in moinmoin, (most wikis have them) we use trac for example and you can set up different link paths to point to your different web resources.  So in our Trac you can go [[SSGWiki:Some Topic]] and it will point to another internal wiki.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,wiki,moinmoin","A_Id":343926,"CreationDate":"2008-12-05T13:08:00.000","Title":"How to use InterWiki links in moinmoin?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a directory full (~103, 104) of XML files from which I need to extract the contents of several fields. \nI've tested different xml parsers, and since I don't need to validate the contents (expensive) I was thinking of simply using xml.parsers.expat (the fastest one) to go through the files, one by one to extract the data. \n\nIs there a more efficient way? (simple text matching doesn't work)\nDo I need to issue a new ParserCreate() for each new file (or string) or can I reuse the same one for every file?\nAny caveats?\n\nThanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":572,"Q_Id":344559,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you know that the XML files are generated using the ever-same algorithm, it might be more efficient to not do any XML parsing at all. E.g. if you know that the data is in lines 3, 4, and 5, you might read through the file line-by-line, and then use regular expressions.\nOf course, that approach would fail if the files are not machine-generated, or originate from different generators, or if the generator changes over time. However, I'm optimistic that it would be more efficient.\nWhether or not you recycle the parser objects is largely irrelevant. Many more objects will get created, so a single parser object doesn't really count much.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,performance,large-files,expat-parser","A_Id":344641,"CreationDate":"2008-12-05T17:15:00.000","Title":"What is the most efficient way of extracting information from a large number of xml files in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a directory full (~103, 104) of XML files from which I need to extract the contents of several fields. \nI've tested different xml parsers, and since I don't need to validate the contents (expensive) I was thinking of simply using xml.parsers.expat (the fastest one) to go through the files, one by one to extract the data. \n\nIs there a more efficient way? (simple text matching doesn't work)\nDo I need to issue a new ParserCreate() for each new file (or string) or can I reuse the same one for every file?\nAny caveats?\n\nThanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":572,"Q_Id":344559,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"One thing you didn't indicate is whether or not you're reading the XML into a DOM of some kind.  I'm guessing that you're probably not, but on the off chance you are, don't.  Use xml.sax instead.  Using SAX instead of DOM will get you a significant performance boost.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,performance,large-files,expat-parser","A_Id":345650,"CreationDate":"2008-12-05T17:15:00.000","Title":"What is the most efficient way of extracting information from a large number of xml files in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a directory full (~103, 104) of XML files from which I need to extract the contents of several fields. \nI've tested different xml parsers, and since I don't need to validate the contents (expensive) I was thinking of simply using xml.parsers.expat (the fastest one) to go through the files, one by one to extract the data. \n\nIs there a more efficient way? (simple text matching doesn't work)\nDo I need to issue a new ParserCreate() for each new file (or string) or can I reuse the same one for every file?\nAny caveats?\n\nThanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":572,"Q_Id":344559,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The quickest way would be to match strings (with, e.g., regular expressions) instead of parsing XML - depending on your XMLs this could actually work.\nBut the most important thing is this: instead of thinking through several options, just implement them and time them on a small set. This will take roughly the same amount of time, and will give you real numbers do drive you forward.\nEDIT:\n\nAre the files on a local drive or network drive? Network I\/O will kill you here.\nThe problem parallelizes trivially - you can split the work among several computers (or several processes on a multicore computer).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,performance,large-files,expat-parser","A_Id":344694,"CreationDate":"2008-12-05T17:15:00.000","Title":"What is the most efficient way of extracting information from a large number of xml files in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using urllib2 to read in a page. I need to do a quick regex on the source and pull out a few variables but urllib2 presents as a file object rather than a string.\nI'm new to python so I'm struggling to see how I use a file object to do this. Is there a quick way to convert this into a string?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":48579,"Q_Id":346230,"Users Score":77,"Answer":"You can use Python in interactive mode to search for solutions.\nif f is your object, you can enter dir(f) to see all methods and attributes. There's one called read. Enter help(f.read) and it tells you that f.read() is the way to retrieve a string from an file object.","Q_Score":31,"Tags":"python,file,urllib2","A_Id":346237,"CreationDate":"2008-12-06T12:41:00.000","Title":"Read file object as string in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I receive and send email in python? A 'mail server' of sorts.\nI am looking into making an app that listens to see if it receives an email addressed to foo@bar.domain.com, and sends an email to the sender.\nNow, am I able to do this all in python, would it be best to use 3rd party libraries?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0444152037,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51409,"Q_Id":348392,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Depending on the amount of mail you are sending you might want to look into using a real mail server like postifx or sendmail (*nix systems) Both of those programs have the ability to send a received mail to a program based on the email address.","Q_Score":43,"Tags":"python,email","A_Id":348579,"CreationDate":"2008-12-08T00:12:00.000","Title":"Receive and send emails in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I receive and send email in python? A 'mail server' of sorts.\nI am looking into making an app that listens to see if it receives an email addressed to foo@bar.domain.com, and sends an email to the sender.\nNow, am I able to do this all in python, would it be best to use 3rd party libraries?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0886555158,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51409,"Q_Id":348392,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"poplib and smtplib will be your friends when developing your app.","Q_Score":43,"Tags":"python,email","A_Id":348403,"CreationDate":"2008-12-08T00:12:00.000","Title":"Receive and send emails in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I receive and send email in python? A 'mail server' of sorts.\nI am looking into making an app that listens to see if it receives an email addressed to foo@bar.domain.com, and sends an email to the sender.\nNow, am I able to do this all in python, would it be best to use 3rd party libraries?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51409,"Q_Id":348392,"Users Score":12,"Answer":"I do not think it would be a good idea to write a real mail server in Python. This is certainly possible (see mcrute's and Manuel Ceron's posts to have details) but it is a lot of work when you think of everything that a real mail server must handle (queuing, retransmission, dealing with spam, etc).\nYou should explain in more detail what you need. If you just want to react to incoming email, I would suggest to configure the mail server to call a program when it receives the email. This program could do what it wants (updating a database, creating a file, talking to another Python program).\nTo call an arbitrary program from the mail server, you have several choices:\n\nFor sendmail and Postfix, a ~\/.forward containing \"|\/path\/to\/program\"\nIf you use procmail, a recipe action of |path\/to\/program\nAnd certainly many others","Q_Score":43,"Tags":"python,email","A_Id":349352,"CreationDate":"2008-12-08T00:12:00.000","Title":"Receive and send emails in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I receive and send email in python? A 'mail server' of sorts.\nI am looking into making an app that listens to see if it receives an email addressed to foo@bar.domain.com, and sends an email to the sender.\nNow, am I able to do this all in python, would it be best to use 3rd party libraries?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51409,"Q_Id":348392,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Python has an SMTPD module that will be helpful to you for writing a server. You'll probably also want the SMTP module to do the re-send. Both modules are in the standard library at least since version 2.3.","Q_Score":43,"Tags":"python,email","A_Id":348423,"CreationDate":"2008-12-08T00:12:00.000","Title":"Receive and send emails in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Edit: How to return\/serve a file from a python controller (back end) over a web server, with the file_name? as suggested by @JV","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14590,"Q_Id":352340,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can either pass back a reference to the file itself i.e. the full path to the file. Then you can open the file or otherwise manipulate it.\nOr, the more normal case is to pass back the file handle, and, use the standard read\/write operations on the file handle.\nIt is not recommended to pass the actual data as files can be arbiterally large and the program could run out of memory.\nIn your case, you probably want to return a tuple containing the open file handle, the file name and any other meta data you are interested in.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,file,mime-types,download","A_Id":352385,"CreationDate":"2008-12-09T10:34:00.000","Title":"Return file from python module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"There is a socket related function call in my code, that function is from another module thus out of my control, the problem is that it blocks for hours occasionally, which is totally unacceptable, How can I limit the function execution time from my code? I guess the solution must utilize another thread.","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0767717131,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":100904,"Q_Id":366682,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"The only \"safe\" way to do this, in any language, is to use a secondary process to do that timeout-thing, otherwise you need to build your code in such a way that it will time out safely by itself, for instance by checking the time elapsed in a loop or similar. If changing the method isn't an option, a thread will not suffice.\nWhy? Because you're risking leaving things in a bad state when you do. If the thread is simply killed mid-method, locks being held, etc. will just be held, and cannot be released.\nSo look at the process way, do not look at the thread way.","Q_Score":90,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":366754,"CreationDate":"2008-12-14T16:20:00.000","Title":"How to limit execution time of a function call?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using python and I need to map locations like \"Bloomington, IN\" to GPS coordinates so I can measure distances between them.\nWhat Geocoding libraries\/APIs do you recommend? Solutions in other languages are also welcome.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13754,"Q_Id":373383,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can have better look in Geopy module.And it is worth enough to use as it contains Google map, yahoo map geocoders with which you can implement geocodings.","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,api,rest,geocoding","A_Id":2229732,"CreationDate":"2008-12-17T01:19:00.000","Title":"Geocoding libraries","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We're developing a Python web service and a client web site in parallel.  When we make an HTTP request from the client to the service, one call consistently raises a socket.error in socket.py, in read:\n(104, 'Connection reset by peer')\nWhen I listen in with wireshark, the \"good\" and \"bad\" responses look very similar:\n\nBecause of the size of the OAuth header, the request is split into two packets.  The service responds to both with ACK\nThe service sends the response, one packet per header (HTTP\/1.0 200 OK, then the Date header, etc.).  The client responds to each with ACK.\n(Good request) the server sends a FIN, ACK.  The client responds with a FIN, ACK.  The server responds ACK.\n(Bad request) the server sends a RST, ACK, the client doesn't send a TCP response, the socket.error is raised on the client side.\n\nBoth the web service and the client are running on a Gentoo Linux x86-64 box running glibc-2.6.1.  We're using Python 2.5.2 inside the same virtual_env.\nThe client is a Django 1.0.2 app that is calling httplib2 0.4.0 to make requests.  We're signing requests with the OAuth signing algorithm, with the OAuth token always set to an empty string.\nThe service is running Werkzeug 0.3.1, which is using Python's wsgiref.simple_server.  I ran the WSGI app through wsgiref.validator with no issues.\nIt seems like this should be easy to debug, but when I trace through a good request on the service side, it looks just like the bad request, in the socket._socketobject.close() function, turning delegate methods into dummy methods.  When the send or sendto (can't remember which) method is switched off, the FIN or RST is sent, and the client starts processing.\n\"Connection reset by peer\" seems to place blame on the service, but I don't trust httplib2 either.  Can the client be at fault?\n** Further debugging - Looks like server on Linux **\nI have a MacBook, so I tried running the service on one and the client website on the other.  The Linux client calls the OS X server without the bug (FIN ACK).  The OS X client calls the Linux service with the bug (RST ACK, and a (54, 'Connection reset by peer')).  So, it looks like it's the service running on Linux.  Is it x86_64? A bad glibc? wsgiref? Still looking...\n** Further testing - wsgiref looks flaky **\nWe've gone to production with Apache and mod_wsgi, and the connection resets have gone away.  See my answer below, but my advice is to log the connection reset and retry.  This will let your server run OK in development mode, and solidly in production.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":140801,"Q_Id":383738,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I had the same issue however with doing an upload of a very large file using a python-requests client posting to a nginx+uwsgi backend.\nWhat ended up being the cause was the the backend had a cap on the max file size for uploads lower than what the client was trying to send.\nThe error never showed up in our uwsgi logs since this limit was actually one imposed by nginx. \nUpping the limit in nginx removed the error.","Q_Score":39,"Tags":"python,sockets,wsgi,httplib2,werkzeug","A_Id":52826181,"CreationDate":"2008-12-20T21:04:00.000","Title":"104, 'Connection reset by peer' socket error, or When does closing a socket result in a RST rather than FIN?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"We're developing a Python web service and a client web site in parallel.  When we make an HTTP request from the client to the service, one call consistently raises a socket.error in socket.py, in read:\n(104, 'Connection reset by peer')\nWhen I listen in with wireshark, the \"good\" and \"bad\" responses look very similar:\n\nBecause of the size of the OAuth header, the request is split into two packets.  The service responds to both with ACK\nThe service sends the response, one packet per header (HTTP\/1.0 200 OK, then the Date header, etc.).  The client responds to each with ACK.\n(Good request) the server sends a FIN, ACK.  The client responds with a FIN, ACK.  The server responds ACK.\n(Bad request) the server sends a RST, ACK, the client doesn't send a TCP response, the socket.error is raised on the client side.\n\nBoth the web service and the client are running on a Gentoo Linux x86-64 box running glibc-2.6.1.  We're using Python 2.5.2 inside the same virtual_env.\nThe client is a Django 1.0.2 app that is calling httplib2 0.4.0 to make requests.  We're signing requests with the OAuth signing algorithm, with the OAuth token always set to an empty string.\nThe service is running Werkzeug 0.3.1, which is using Python's wsgiref.simple_server.  I ran the WSGI app through wsgiref.validator with no issues.\nIt seems like this should be easy to debug, but when I trace through a good request on the service side, it looks just like the bad request, in the socket._socketobject.close() function, turning delegate methods into dummy methods.  When the send or sendto (can't remember which) method is switched off, the FIN or RST is sent, and the client starts processing.\n\"Connection reset by peer\" seems to place blame on the service, but I don't trust httplib2 either.  Can the client be at fault?\n** Further debugging - Looks like server on Linux **\nI have a MacBook, so I tried running the service on one and the client website on the other.  The Linux client calls the OS X server without the bug (FIN ACK).  The OS X client calls the Linux service with the bug (RST ACK, and a (54, 'Connection reset by peer')).  So, it looks like it's the service running on Linux.  Is it x86_64? A bad glibc? wsgiref? Still looking...\n** Further testing - wsgiref looks flaky **\nWe've gone to production with Apache and mod_wsgi, and the connection resets have gone away.  See my answer below, but my advice is to log the connection reset and retry.  This will let your server run OK in development mode, and solidly in production.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":140801,"Q_Id":383738,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"Don't use wsgiref for production.  Use Apache and mod_wsgi, or something else.\nWe continue to see these connection resets, sometimes frequently, with wsgiref (the backend used by the werkzeug test server, and possibly others like the Django test server).  Our solution was to log the error, retry the call in a loop, and give up after ten failures.  httplib2 tries twice, but we needed a few more.  They seem to come in bunches as well - adding a 1 second sleep might clear the issue.\nWe've never seen a connection reset when running through Apache and mod_wsgi.  I don't know what they do differently, (maybe they just mask them), but they don't appear.\nWhen we asked the local dev community for help, someone confirmed that they see a lot of connection resets with wsgiref that go away on the production server.  There's a bug there, but it is going to be hard to find it.","Q_Score":39,"Tags":"python,sockets,wsgi,httplib2,werkzeug","A_Id":481952,"CreationDate":"2008-12-20T21:04:00.000","Title":"104, 'Connection reset by peer' socket error, or When does closing a socket result in a RST rather than FIN?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"We're developing a Python web service and a client web site in parallel.  When we make an HTTP request from the client to the service, one call consistently raises a socket.error in socket.py, in read:\n(104, 'Connection reset by peer')\nWhen I listen in with wireshark, the \"good\" and \"bad\" responses look very similar:\n\nBecause of the size of the OAuth header, the request is split into two packets.  The service responds to both with ACK\nThe service sends the response, one packet per header (HTTP\/1.0 200 OK, then the Date header, etc.).  The client responds to each with ACK.\n(Good request) the server sends a FIN, ACK.  The client responds with a FIN, ACK.  The server responds ACK.\n(Bad request) the server sends a RST, ACK, the client doesn't send a TCP response, the socket.error is raised on the client side.\n\nBoth the web service and the client are running on a Gentoo Linux x86-64 box running glibc-2.6.1.  We're using Python 2.5.2 inside the same virtual_env.\nThe client is a Django 1.0.2 app that is calling httplib2 0.4.0 to make requests.  We're signing requests with the OAuth signing algorithm, with the OAuth token always set to an empty string.\nThe service is running Werkzeug 0.3.1, which is using Python's wsgiref.simple_server.  I ran the WSGI app through wsgiref.validator with no issues.\nIt seems like this should be easy to debug, but when I trace through a good request on the service side, it looks just like the bad request, in the socket._socketobject.close() function, turning delegate methods into dummy methods.  When the send or sendto (can't remember which) method is switched off, the FIN or RST is sent, and the client starts processing.\n\"Connection reset by peer\" seems to place blame on the service, but I don't trust httplib2 either.  Can the client be at fault?\n** Further debugging - Looks like server on Linux **\nI have a MacBook, so I tried running the service on one and the client website on the other.  The Linux client calls the OS X server without the bug (FIN ACK).  The OS X client calls the Linux service with the bug (RST ACK, and a (54, 'Connection reset by peer')).  So, it looks like it's the service running on Linux.  Is it x86_64? A bad glibc? wsgiref? Still looking...\n** Further testing - wsgiref looks flaky **\nWe've gone to production with Apache and mod_wsgi, and the connection resets have gone away.  See my answer below, but my advice is to log the connection reset and retry.  This will let your server run OK in development mode, and solidly in production.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":140801,"Q_Id":383738,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Normally, you'd get an RST if you do a close which doesn't linger (i.e. in which data can be discarded by the stack if it hasn't been sent and ACK'd) and a normal FIN if you allow the close to linger (i.e. the close waits for the data in transit to be ACK'd).\nPerhaps all you need to do is set your socket to linger so that you remove the race condition between a non lingering close done on the socket and the ACKs arriving?","Q_Score":39,"Tags":"python,sockets,wsgi,httplib2,werkzeug","A_Id":384415,"CreationDate":"2008-12-20T21:04:00.000","Title":"104, 'Connection reset by peer' socket error, or When does closing a socket result in a RST rather than FIN?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any way to send ARP packet on Windows without the use of another library such as winpcap?\nI have heard that Windows XP SP2 blocks raw ethernet sockets, but I have also heard that raw sockets are only blocked for administrators. Any clarification here?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4899,"Q_Id":395846,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could use the OpenVPN tap to send arbitrary packets as if you where using raw sockets.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,ethernet,arp","A_Id":503144,"CreationDate":"2008-12-28T04:52:00.000","Title":"How do I send an ARP packet through python on windows without needing winpcap?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using XML minidom (xml.dom.minidom) in Python, but any error in the XML will kill the parser.\nIs it possible to ignore them, like a browser for example?\nI am trying to write a browser in Python, but it just throws an exception if the tags aren't fully compatible.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4564,"Q_Id":399980,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"It should be noted that while HTML looks like XML it is not XML.  XHTML is an XML form of HTML.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,xml,minidom","A_Id":400669,"CreationDate":"2008-12-30T10:48:00.000","Title":"Ignoring XML errors in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a Python library that interfaces with a web service API. Like many web services I've encountered, this one requests limiting the rate of requests. I would like to provide an optional parameter, limit, to the class instantiation that, if provided, will hold outgoing requests until the number of seconds specified passes.\nI understand that the general scenario is the following: an instance of the class makes a request via a method. When it does, the method emits some signal that sets a lock variable somewhere, and begins a countdown timer for the number of seconds in limit. (In all likelihood, the lock is the countdown timer itself.) If another request is made within this time frame, it must be queued until the countdown timer reaches zero and the lock is disengaged; at this point, the oldest request on the queue is sent, and the countdown timer is reset and the lock is re-engaged.\nIs this a case for threading? Is there another approach I'm not seeing?\nShould the countdown timer and lock be instance variables, or should they belong to the class, such that all instances of the class hold requests?\nAlso, is this generally a bad idea to provide rate-limiting functionality within a library? I reason since, by default, the countdown is zero seconds, the library still allows developers to use the library and provide their own rate-limiting schemes. Given any developers using the service will need to rate-limit requests anyway, however, I figure that it would be a convenience for the library to provide a means of rate-limiting.\nRegardless of placing a rate-limiting scheme in the library or not, I'll want to write an application using the library, so suggested techniques will come in handy.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17294,"Q_Id":401215,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"SO I am assuming something simple like \nimport time\ntime.sleep(2) \nwill not work for waiting 2 seconds between requests","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,web-services,rate-limiting","A_Id":401826,"CreationDate":"2008-12-30T19:30:00.000","Title":"How to limit rate of requests to web services in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working on a Python library that interfaces with a web service API. Like many web services I've encountered, this one requests limiting the rate of requests. I would like to provide an optional parameter, limit, to the class instantiation that, if provided, will hold outgoing requests until the number of seconds specified passes.\nI understand that the general scenario is the following: an instance of the class makes a request via a method. When it does, the method emits some signal that sets a lock variable somewhere, and begins a countdown timer for the number of seconds in limit. (In all likelihood, the lock is the countdown timer itself.) If another request is made within this time frame, it must be queued until the countdown timer reaches zero and the lock is disengaged; at this point, the oldest request on the queue is sent, and the countdown timer is reset and the lock is re-engaged.\nIs this a case for threading? Is there another approach I'm not seeing?\nShould the countdown timer and lock be instance variables, or should they belong to the class, such that all instances of the class hold requests?\nAlso, is this generally a bad idea to provide rate-limiting functionality within a library? I reason since, by default, the countdown is zero seconds, the library still allows developers to use the library and provide their own rate-limiting schemes. Given any developers using the service will need to rate-limit requests anyway, however, I figure that it would be a convenience for the library to provide a means of rate-limiting.\nRegardless of placing a rate-limiting scheme in the library or not, I'll want to write an application using the library, so suggested techniques will come in handy.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17294,"Q_Id":401215,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Your rate limiting scheme should be heavily influenced by the calling conventions of the underlying code (syncronous or async), as well as what scope (thread, process, machine, cluster?) this rate-limiting will operate at.\nI would suggest keeping all the variables within the instance, so you can easily implement multiple periods\/rates of control.\nLastly, it sounds like you want to be a middleware component.  Don't try to be an application and introduce threads on your own.  Just block\/sleep if you are synchronous and use the async dispatching framework if you are being called by one of them.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,web-services,rate-limiting","A_Id":401332,"CreationDate":"2008-12-30T19:30:00.000","Title":"How to limit rate of requests to web services in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working on a Python library that interfaces with a web service API. Like many web services I've encountered, this one requests limiting the rate of requests. I would like to provide an optional parameter, limit, to the class instantiation that, if provided, will hold outgoing requests until the number of seconds specified passes.\nI understand that the general scenario is the following: an instance of the class makes a request via a method. When it does, the method emits some signal that sets a lock variable somewhere, and begins a countdown timer for the number of seconds in limit. (In all likelihood, the lock is the countdown timer itself.) If another request is made within this time frame, it must be queued until the countdown timer reaches zero and the lock is disengaged; at this point, the oldest request on the queue is sent, and the countdown timer is reset and the lock is re-engaged.\nIs this a case for threading? Is there another approach I'm not seeing?\nShould the countdown timer and lock be instance variables, or should they belong to the class, such that all instances of the class hold requests?\nAlso, is this generally a bad idea to provide rate-limiting functionality within a library? I reason since, by default, the countdown is zero seconds, the library still allows developers to use the library and provide their own rate-limiting schemes. Given any developers using the service will need to rate-limit requests anyway, however, I figure that it would be a convenience for the library to provide a means of rate-limiting.\nRegardless of placing a rate-limiting scheme in the library or not, I'll want to write an application using the library, so suggested techniques will come in handy.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17294,"Q_Id":401215,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Queuing may be overly complicated.  A simpler solution is to give your class a variable for the time the service was last called.  Whenever the service is called (!1), set waitTime to delay - Now + lastcalltime.  delay should be equal to the minimum allowable time between requests.  If this number is positive, sleep for that long before making the call (!2).  The disadvantage\/advantage of this approach is that it treats the web service requests as being synchronous.  The advantage is that it is absurdly simple and easy to implement.  \n\n(!1): Should happen right after receiving a response from the service, inside the wrapper (probably at the bottom of the wrapper).\n(!2): Should happen when the python wrapper around the web service is called, at the top of the wrapper.\n\nS.Lott's solution is more elegant, of course.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,web-services,rate-limiting","A_Id":401390,"CreationDate":"2008-12-30T19:30:00.000","Title":"How to limit rate of requests to web services in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to write a program that will find bus stop times and update my personal webpage accordingly.\nIf I were to do this manually I would \n\nVisit www.calgarytransit.com\nEnter a stop number. ie) 9510\nClick the button \"next bus\"\n\nThe results may look like the following:\n\n10:16p    Route 154\n  10:46p Route 154\n  11:32p    Route 154\n\nOnce I've grabbed the time and routes then I will update my webpage accordingly. \nI have no idea where to start. I know diddly squat about web programming but can write some C and Python. What are some topics\/libraries I could look into?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24102,"Q_Id":419260,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As long as the layout of the web page your trying to 'scrape' doesnt regularly change, you should be able to parse the html with any modern day programming language.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,c,text,webpage","A_Id":419273,"CreationDate":"2009-01-07T05:14:00.000","Title":"Grabbing text from a webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to write a program that will find bus stop times and update my personal webpage accordingly.\nIf I were to do this manually I would \n\nVisit www.calgarytransit.com\nEnter a stop number. ie) 9510\nClick the button \"next bus\"\n\nThe results may look like the following:\n\n10:16p    Route 154\n  10:46p Route 154\n  11:32p    Route 154\n\nOnce I've grabbed the time and routes then I will update my webpage accordingly. \nI have no idea where to start. I know diddly squat about web programming but can write some C and Python. What are some topics\/libraries I could look into?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.024994793,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24102,"Q_Id":419260,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"That site doesnt offer an API for you to be able to get the appropriate data that you need. In that case you'll need to parse the actual HTML page returned by, for example, a CURL request .","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,c,text,webpage","A_Id":419271,"CreationDate":"2009-01-07T05:14:00.000","Title":"Grabbing text from a webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to get the text of selected item from a drop down box element in html forms? (using python)\nHow can I store the value to a variable, when I select one item from the drop down box using mouse? (ie. without using a submit button)\nThis is for a application which I am doing in app engine which only supports Python.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13168,"Q_Id":419908,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The problem with using onchange is that not all users are using a mouse. If you have a combo-box and change the value with the keyboard, you'd never be able to get past the first value without the form submitting.\n~Cyrix","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,google-app-engine,drop-down-menu","A_Id":7284763,"CreationDate":"2009-01-07T11:05:00.000","Title":"Getting selected value from drop down box in a html form without submit","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a set of word documents that contains a lot of non-embedded images in them. The url that the images point to no longer exist. I would like to programmatically change the domain name of the url to something else. How can I go about doing this in Java or Python ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1351,"Q_Id":428308,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You want to do this in Java or Python. Try OpenOffice.\nIn OpenOffice, you can insert Java or Python code as a \"Makro\".\nI'm sure there will be a possibility to change the image URLs.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,image,ms-word","A_Id":430717,"CreationDate":"2009-01-09T14:46:00.000","Title":"How to programmatically change urls of images in word documents","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python application that relies on a file that is downloaded by a client from a website.\nThe website is not under my control and has no API to check for a \"latest version\" of the file.\nIs there a simple way to access the file (in python) via a URL and check it's date (or size) without having to download it to the clients machine each time?\nupdate: Thanks to those who mentioned the\"last-modified\" date.  This is the correct parameter to look at.\nI guess I didn't state the question well enough.  How do I do this from a python script?  I want to application to check the file and then download it if (last-modified date < current file date).","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12198,"Q_Id":428895,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Take into account that 'last-modified' may not be present:\n\n>>> from urllib import urlopen\n>>> f=urlopen('http:\/\/google.com\/')\n>>> i=f.info()\n>>> i.keys()\n['set-cookie', 'expires', 'server', 'connection', 'cache-control', 'date', 'content-type']\n>>> i.getdate('date')\n(2009, 1, 10, 16, 17, 8, 0, 1, 0)\n>>> i.getheader('date')\n'Sat, 10 Jan 2009 16:17:08 GMT'\n>>> i.getdate('last-modified')\n>>>\n\nNow you can compare:\n\nif (i.getdate('last-modified') or i.getheader('date')) > current_file_date:\n  open('file', 'w').write(f.read())","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":431411,"CreationDate":"2009-01-09T17:11:00.000","Title":"How can I get the created date of a file on the web (with Python)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python application that relies on a file that is downloaded by a client from a website.\nThe website is not under my control and has no API to check for a \"latest version\" of the file.\nIs there a simple way to access the file (in python) via a URL and check it's date (or size) without having to download it to the clients machine each time?\nupdate: Thanks to those who mentioned the\"last-modified\" date.  This is the correct parameter to look at.\nI guess I didn't state the question well enough.  How do I do this from a python script?  I want to application to check the file and then download it if (last-modified date < current file date).","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12198,"Q_Id":428895,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"There is no reliable way to do this.  For all you know, the file can be created on the fly by the web server and the question \"how old is this file\" is not meaningful.  The webserver may choose to provide Last-Modified header, but it could tell you whatever it wants.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":428951,"CreationDate":"2009-01-09T17:11:00.000","Title":"How can I get the created date of a file on the web (with Python)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to poll a web service, in this case twitter's API, and I'm wondering what the conventional wisdom is on this topic. I'm not sure whether this is important, but I've always found feedback useful in the past.\nA couple scenarios I've come up with:\n\nThe querying process starts every X seconds, eg a cron job runs a python script\nA process continually loops and queries at each iteration, eg ... well, here is where I enter unfamiliar territory. Do I just run a python script that doesn't end?\n\nThanks for your advice.\nps - regarding the particulars of twitter: I know that it sends emails for following and direct messages, but sometimes one might want the flexibility of parsing @replies. In those cases, I believe polling is as good as it gets.\npps - twitter limits bots to 100 requests per 60 minutes. I don't know if this also limits web scraping or rss feed reading. Anyone know how easy or hard it is to be whitelisted?\nThanks again.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5380,"Q_Id":430226,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should have a page that is like a Ping or Heartbeat page. The you have another process that \"tickles\" or hits that page, usually you can do this in your Control Panel of your web host, or use a cron if you have a local access. Then this script can keep statistics of how often it has polled in a database or some data store and then you poll the service as often as you really need to, of course limiting it to whatever the providers limit is. You definitely don't want to (and certainly don't want to rely) on a python scrip that \"doesn't end.\" :)","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,twitter,polling","A_Id":430245,"CreationDate":"2009-01-10T00:10:00.000","Title":"Best way to poll a web service (eg, for a twitter app)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was just wondering what network libraries there are out there for Python for building a TCP\/IP server. I know that Twisted might jump to mind but the documentation seems scarce, sloppy, and scattered to me. \nAlso, would using Twisted even have a benefit over rolling my own server with select.select()?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12949,"Q_Id":441849,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Just adding an answer to re-iterate other posters - it'll be worth it to use Twisted. There's no reason to write yet another TCP server that'll end up working not as well as one using twisted would. The only reason would be if writing your own is much faster, developer-wise, but if you just bite the bullet and learn twisted now, your future projects will benefit greatly. And, as others have said, you'll be able to do much more complex stuff if you use twisted from the start.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,networking,twisted","A_Id":442079,"CreationDate":"2009-01-14T03:51:00.000","Title":"Good Python networking libraries for building a TCP server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was just wondering what network libraries there are out there for Python for building a TCP\/IP server. I know that Twisted might jump to mind but the documentation seems scarce, sloppy, and scattered to me. \nAlso, would using Twisted even have a benefit over rolling my own server with select.select()?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12949,"Q_Id":441849,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"The standard library includes SocketServer and related modules which might be sufficient for your needs. This is a good middle ground between a complex framework like Twisted, and rolling your own select() loop.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,networking,twisted","A_Id":441863,"CreationDate":"2009-01-14T03:51:00.000","Title":"Good Python networking libraries for building a TCP server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm a hobbyist (and fairly new) programmer who has written several useful (to me) scripts in python to handle various system automation tasks that involve copying, renaming, and downloading files amongst other sundry activities.\nI'd like to create a web page served from one of my systems that would merely present a few buttons which would allow me to initiate these scripts remotely.\nThe problem is that I don't know where to start investigating how to do this.  Let's say I have a script called:\nfile_arranger.py\nWhat do I need to do to have a webpage execute that script?  This isn't meant for public consumption, so anything lightweight would be great.  For bonus points, what do I need to look into to provide the web user with the output from such scripts?\nedit:  The first answer made me realize I forgot to include that this is a Win2k3 system.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":38798,"Q_Id":448837,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"When setting this up, please be careful to restrict access to the scripts that take some action on your web server. It is not sufficient to place them in a directory where you just don't publish the URL, because sooner or later somebody will find them.\nAt the very least, put these scripts in a location that is password protected. You don't want just anybody out there on the internet being able to run your scripts.","Q_Score":25,"Tags":"python,windows,web-services,cgi","A_Id":449199,"CreationDate":"2009-01-15T22:58:00.000","Title":"How do I create a webpage with buttons that invoke various Python scripts on the system serving the webpage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm a hobbyist (and fairly new) programmer who has written several useful (to me) scripts in python to handle various system automation tasks that involve copying, renaming, and downloading files amongst other sundry activities.\nI'd like to create a web page served from one of my systems that would merely present a few buttons which would allow me to initiate these scripts remotely.\nThe problem is that I don't know where to start investigating how to do this.  Let's say I have a script called:\nfile_arranger.py\nWhat do I need to do to have a webpage execute that script?  This isn't meant for public consumption, so anything lightweight would be great.  For bonus points, what do I need to look into to provide the web user with the output from such scripts?\nedit:  The first answer made me realize I forgot to include that this is a Win2k3 system.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":38798,"Q_Id":448837,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"A simple cgi script (or set of scripts) is all you need to get started. The other answers have covered how to do this so I won't repeat it; instead, I will stress that using plain text will get you a long way. Just output the header (print(\"Content-type: text\/plain\\n\") plus print adds its own newline to give you the needed blank line) and then run your normal program.\nThis way, any normal output from your script gets sent to the browser and you don't have to worry about HTML, escaping, frameworks, anything. \"Do the simplest thing that could possibly work.\"\nThis is especially appropriate for non-interactive private administrative tasks like you describe, and lets you use identical programs from a shell with a minimum of fuss. Your driver, the page with the buttons, can be a static HTML file with single-button forms. Or even a list of links.\nTo advance from there, look at the logging module (for example, sending INFO messages to the browser but not the command line, or easily categorizing messages by using different loggers, by configuring your handlers), and then start to consider template engines and frameworks.\nDon't output your own HTML and skip to using one of the many existing libraries\u2014it'll save a ton of headache even spending a bit of extra time to learn the library. Or at the very least encapsulate your output by effectively writing your own mini-engine.","Q_Score":25,"Tags":"python,windows,web-services,cgi","A_Id":449062,"CreationDate":"2009-01-15T22:58:00.000","Title":"How do I create a webpage with buttons that invoke various Python scripts on the system serving the webpage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm new to web services and as an introduction I'm playing around with the Twitter API using the Twisted framework in python. I've read up on the different formats they offer, but it's still not clear to me which one I should use in my fairly simple project.\nSpecifically the practical difference between using JSON or XML is something I'd like guidance on. All I'm doing is requesting the public timeline and caching it locally.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8204,"Q_Id":453158,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"RSS and Atom are XML formats.\nJSON is a string which can be evaluated as Javascript code.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,xml,json,twitter,twisted","A_Id":453160,"CreationDate":"2009-01-17T11:19:00.000","Title":"What is the practical difference between xml, json, rss and atom when interfacing with Twitter?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to web services and as an introduction I'm playing around with the Twitter API using the Twisted framework in python. I've read up on the different formats they offer, but it's still not clear to me which one I should use in my fairly simple project.\nSpecifically the practical difference between using JSON or XML is something I'd like guidance on. All I'm doing is requesting the public timeline and caching it locally.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8204,"Q_Id":453158,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would say the amount of data being sent over the wire is one factor. XML data stream will be bigger than JSON for the same data. But you can use whatever you know more\/have more experience. \nI would recommend JSON, as it's more \"pythonic\" than XML.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,xml,json,twitter,twisted","A_Id":453164,"CreationDate":"2009-01-17T11:19:00.000","Title":"What is the practical difference between xml, json, rss and atom when interfacing with Twitter?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a \"manager\" process on a node, and several worker processes. The manager is the actual server who holds all of the connections to the clients. The manager accepts all incoming packets and puts them into a queue, and then the worker processes pull the packets out of the queue, process them, and generate a result. They send the result back to the manager (by putting them into another queue which is read by the manager), but here is where I get stuck: how do I send the result to a specific socket? When dealing with the processing of the packets on a single process, it's easy, because when you receive a packet you can reply to it by just grabbing the \"transport\" object in-context. But how would I do this with the method I'm using?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":829,"Q_Id":460068,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"It sounds like you might need to keep a reference to the transport (or protocol) along with the bytes the just came in on that protocol in your 'event' object.  That way responses that came in on a connection go out on the same connection. \nIf things don't need to be processed serially perhaps you should think about setting up functors that can handle the data in parallel to remove the need for queueing.  Just keep in mind that you will need to protect critical sections of your code.\nEdit:\nJudging from your other question about evaluating your server design it would seem that processing in parallel may not be possible for your situation, so my first suggestion stands.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,twisted,multiprocess","A_Id":460245,"CreationDate":"2009-01-20T03:43:00.000","Title":"Python\/Twisted - Sending to a specific socket object?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This seems like such a trivial problem, but I can't seem to pin how I want to do it. Basically, I want to be able to produce a figure from a socket server that at any time can give the number of packets received in the last minute. How would I do that?\nI was thinking of maybe summing a dictionary that uses the current second as a key, and when receiving a packet it increments that value by one, as well as setting the second+1 key above it to 0, but this just seems sloppy. Any ideas?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":303,"Q_Id":464314,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When you say the last minute, do you mean the exact last seconds or the last full minute from x:00 to x:59? The latter will be easier to implement and would probably give accurate results. You have one prev variable holding the value of the hits for the previous minute. Then you have a current value that increments every time there is a new hit. You return the value of prev to the users. At the change of the minute you swap prev with current and reset current.\nIf you want higher analysis you could split the minute in 2 to 6 slices. You need a variable or list entry for every slice. Let's say you have 6 slices of 10 seconds. You also have an index variable pointing to the current slice (0..5). For every hit you increment a temp variable. When the slice is over, you replace the value of the indexed variable with the value of temp, reset temp and move the index forward. You return the sum of the slice variables to the users.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":464347,"CreationDate":"2009-01-21T07:14:00.000","Title":"Python - Hits per minute implementation?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This seems like such a trivial problem, but I can't seem to pin how I want to do it. Basically, I want to be able to produce a figure from a socket server that at any time can give the number of packets received in the last minute. How would I do that?\nI was thinking of maybe summing a dictionary that uses the current second as a key, and when receiving a packet it increments that value by one, as well as setting the second+1 key above it to 0, but this just seems sloppy. Any ideas?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":303,"Q_Id":464314,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For what it's worth, your implementation above won't work if you don't receive a packet every second, as the next second entry won't necessarily be reset to 0.\nEither way, afaik the \"correct\" way to do this, ala logs analysis, is to keep a limited record of all the queries you receive. So just chuck the query, time received etc. into a database, and then simple database queries will give you the use over a minute, or any minute in the past. Not sure whether this is too heavyweight for you, though.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":464329,"CreationDate":"2009-01-21T07:14:00.000","Title":"Python - Hits per minute implementation?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This seems like such a trivial problem, but I can't seem to pin how I want to do it. Basically, I want to be able to produce a figure from a socket server that at any time can give the number of packets received in the last minute. How would I do that?\nI was thinking of maybe summing a dictionary that uses the current second as a key, and when receiving a packet it increments that value by one, as well as setting the second+1 key above it to 0, but this just seems sloppy. Any ideas?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":303,"Q_Id":464314,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"A common pattern for solving this in other languages is to let the thing being measured simply increment an integer. Then you leave it to the listening client to determine intervals and frequencies.\nSo you basically do not let the socket server know about stuff like \"minutes\", because that's a feature the observer calculates. Then you can also support multiple listeners with different interval resolution.\nI suppose you want some kind of ring-buffer structure to do the rolling logging.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":464322,"CreationDate":"2009-01-21T07:14:00.000","Title":"Python - Hits per minute implementation?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"while learning some basic programming with python, i found web.py. i\ngot stuck with a stupid problem:\ni wrote a simple console app with a main loop that proccesses items\nfrom a queue in seperate threads. my goal is to use web.py to add\nitems to my queue and report status of the queue via web request. i\ngot this running as a module but can\u00b4t integrate it into my main app.\nmy problem is when i start the http server with app.run() it blocks my\nmain loop.\nalso tried to start it with thread.start_new_thread but it still\nblocks.\nis there an easy way to run web.py\u00b4s integrated http server in the\nbackground within my app.\nin the likely event that i am a victim of a fundamental\nmissunderstanding, any attempt to clarify my error in reasoning would\nhelp ;.) ( please bear with me, i am a beginner :-)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7054,"Q_Id":500935,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Wouldn't is be simpler to re-write your main-loop code to be a function that you call over and over again, and then call that from the function that you pass to runsimple...\nIt's guaranteed not to fully satisfy your requirements, but if you're in a rush, it might be easiest.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,multithreading,web-services,web.py","A_Id":501570,"CreationDate":"2009-02-01T14:47:00.000","Title":"Using web.py as non blocking http-server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've written several scripts that make use of the gdata API, and they all (obviously) have my API key and client ID in plain-text. How am I supposed to distribute these?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":306,"Q_Id":513806,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If we assume that you want clients to use their own keys I'd recommend putting them in a configuration file which defaults to an (invalid) sentinel value.\nIf on the other hand you want the script to use your key the best you can do is obfuscate it. After all, if your program can read it then an attacker (with a debugger) can read it too.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,gdata-api","A_Id":513838,"CreationDate":"2009-02-04T23:06:00.000","Title":"How to distribute script using gdata-python-client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to write a python library to wrap a REST-style API offered by a particular Web service. Does anyone know of any good learning resources for such work, preferably aimed at intermediate Python programmers?\nI'd like a good article on the subject, but I'd settle for nice, clear code examples.\nCLARIFICATION: What I'm looking to do is write a Python client to interact with a Web service -- something to construct HTTP requests and parse XML\/JSON responses, all wrapped up in Python objects.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15114,"Q_Id":517237,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"My favorite combination is httplib2 (or pycurl for performance) and simplejson. As REST is more \"a way of design\" then a real \"protocol\" there is not really a reusable thing (that I know of). On Ruby you have something like ActiveResource. And to be honest, even that would just expose some tables as a webservice, whereas the power of xml\/json is that they are more like \"views\" that can contain multiple objects optimized for your application. I hope this makes sense :-)","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"python,web-services,api,rest","A_Id":518161,"CreationDate":"2009-02-05T18:29:00.000","Title":"HOWTO: Write Python API wrapper?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to write a python library to wrap a REST-style API offered by a particular Web service. Does anyone know of any good learning resources for such work, preferably aimed at intermediate Python programmers?\nI'd like a good article on the subject, but I'd settle for nice, clear code examples.\nCLARIFICATION: What I'm looking to do is write a Python client to interact with a Web service -- something to construct HTTP requests and parse XML\/JSON responses, all wrapped up in Python objects.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15114,"Q_Id":517237,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should take a look at PyFacebook.  This is a python wrapper for the Facebook API, and it's one of the most nicely done API's I have ever used.","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"python,web-services,api,rest","A_Id":981474,"CreationDate":"2009-02-05T18:29:00.000","Title":"HOWTO: Write Python API wrapper?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi im coding to code a Tool that searchs for Dirs and files.\nhave done so the tool searchs for dirs, but need help to make it search for files on websites.\nAny idea how it can be in python?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":188,"Q_Id":520362,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You cannot get a directory listing on a website.\nPedantically, HTTP has no notion of directory.\nPratically, WebDAV provides a directory listing verb, so you can use that if WebDAV is enabled.\nOtherwise, the closest thing you can do is similar to what recursive wget does: get a page, parse the HTML, look for hyperlinks (a\/@href in xpath), filter out hyperlinks that do not point to URL below the current page, recurse into the remaining urls.\nYou can do further filtering, depending on your use case, such as removing the query part of the URL (anything after the first ?).\nWhen the server has a directory listing feature enabled, this gives you something usable. This also gives you something usable if the website has no directory listing but is organized in a sensible way.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":520423,"CreationDate":"2009-02-06T13:55:00.000","Title":"Search Files& Dirs on Website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi im coding to code a Tool that searchs for Dirs and files.\nhave done so the tool searchs for dirs, but need help to make it search for files on websites.\nAny idea how it can be in python?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":188,"Q_Id":520362,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can only do this if you have permission to browse directories on the site and no default page exists.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":520397,"CreationDate":"2009-02-06T13:55:00.000","Title":"Search Files& Dirs on Website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi im coding to code a Tool that searchs for Dirs and files.\nhave done so the tool searchs for dirs, but need help to make it search for files on websites.\nAny idea how it can be in python?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":188,"Q_Id":520362,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Is this tool scanning the directories of your own website (in which the tool is running), or external sites?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":520373,"CreationDate":"2009-02-06T13:55:00.000","Title":"Search Files& Dirs on Website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does anyone know if there is some parameter available for programmatic search on yahoo allowing to restrict results so only links to files of specific type will be returned (like PDF for example)?\nIt's possible to do that in GUI, but how to make it happen through API?\nI'd very much appreciate a sample code in Python, but any other solutions might be helpful as well.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1551,"Q_Id":522781,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Thank you.\nI found myself that something like this works OK (file type is the first argument, and query is the second):\nformat = sys.argv[1]\nquery = \" \".join(sys.argv[2:])\nsrch = create_search(\"Web\", app_id, query=query, format=format)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,yahoo-api,yahoo-search","A_Id":526491,"CreationDate":"2009-02-07T00:27:00.000","Title":"how to search for specific file type with yahoo search API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I accept cookies in a python script?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12543,"Q_Id":525773,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There's the cookielib library. You can also implement your own cookie storage and policies, the cookies are found in the set-cookie header of the response (Set-Cookie: name=value), then you send the back to a server in one or more Cookie headers in the request (Cookie: name=value).","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,cookies","A_Id":525982,"CreationDate":"2009-02-08T14:09:00.000","Title":"Accept Cookies in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I accept cookies in a python script?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12543,"Q_Id":525773,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I believe you mean having a Python script that tries to speak HTTP.\nI suggest you to use a high-level library that handles cookies automatically.\npycurl, mechanize, twill - you choose.\nFor Nikhil Chelliah:\nI don't see what's not clear here.\nAccepting a cookie happens client-side. The server can set a cookie.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,cookies","A_Id":525966,"CreationDate":"2009-02-08T14:09:00.000","Title":"Accept Cookies in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need script to add quotes in url string from url.txt\nfrom http:\/\/www.site.com\/info.xx to \"http:\/\/www.site.com\/info.xx\"","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8426,"Q_Id":543199,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"write one...\nperl is my favourite scripting language... it appears you may prefer Python.\njust read in the file and add \\\" before and after it..\nthis is pretty easy in perl.\nthis seems more like a request than a question... should this be on stackoverflow?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ruby,perl","A_Id":543218,"CreationDate":"2009-02-12T20:54:00.000","Title":"Add Quotes in url string from file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a simple web crawler in python and I wan't to make a simple queue class, but I'm not quite sure the best way to start. I want something that holds only unique items to process, so that the crawler will only crawl each page once per script run (simply to avoid infinite looping). Can anyone give me or point me to a simple queue example that I could run off of?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2069,"Q_Id":549536,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Why not use a list if you need order (or even a heapq, as was formerly suggested by zacherates before a set was suggested instead) and also use a set to check for duplicates?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,queue","A_Id":549555,"CreationDate":"2009-02-14T18:44:00.000","Title":"Simple unique non-priority queue system","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using libcurl to DL a webpage, then i am scanning it for data and doing something with one of the links. However, once in a while the page is different then i except thus i extract bad data and pycurl throws an exception. I tried finding the exception name for pycurl but had no luck.\nIs there a way i can get the traceback to execute a function so i can dump the file so i can look at the file input and see were my code went wrong?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":992,"Q_Id":550804,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Can you catch all exceptions somewhere in the main block and use sys.exc_info() for callback information and log that to your file. exc_info() returns not just exception type, but also call traceback so there should information what went wrong.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,error-handling,pycurl","A_Id":550815,"CreationDate":"2009-02-15T12:29:00.000","Title":"python runtime error, can dump a file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want the shortest possible way of representing an integer in a URL. For example, 11234 can be shortened to '2be2' using hexadecimal. Since base64 uses is a 64 character encoding, it should be possible to represent an integer in base64 using even less characters than hexadecimal. The problem is I can't figure out the cleanest way to convert an integer to base64 (and back again) using Python.\nThe base64 module has methods for dealing with bytestrings - so maybe one solution would be to convert an integer to its binary representation as a Python string... but I'm not sure how to do that either.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0532828229,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34136,"Q_Id":561486,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Base64 takes 4 bytes\/characters to encode 3 bytes and can only encode multiples of 3 bytes (and adds padding otherwise).\nSo representing 4 bytes (your average int) in Base64 would take 8 bytes. Encoding the same 4 bytes in hex would also take 8 bytes. So you wouldn't gain anything for a single int.","Q_Score":68,"Tags":"python,url,base64","A_Id":561534,"CreationDate":"2009-02-18T15:25:00.000","Title":"How to convert an integer to the shortest url-safe string in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want the shortest possible way of representing an integer in a URL. For example, 11234 can be shortened to '2be2' using hexadecimal. Since base64 uses is a 64 character encoding, it should be possible to represent an integer in base64 using even less characters than hexadecimal. The problem is I can't figure out the cleanest way to convert an integer to base64 (and back again) using Python.\nThe base64 module has methods for dealing with bytestrings - so maybe one solution would be to convert an integer to its binary representation as a Python string... but I'm not sure how to do that either.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0266603475,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34136,"Q_Id":561486,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you are looking for a way to shorten the integer representation using base64, I think you need to look elsewhere. When you encode something with base64 it doesn't get shorter, in fact it gets longer. \nE.g. 11234 encoded with base64 would yield MTEyMzQ=\nWhen using base64 you have overlooked the fact that you are not converting just the digits (0-9) to a 64 character encoding. You are converting 3 bytes into 4 bytes so you are guaranteed your base64 encoded string would be 33.33% longer.","Q_Score":68,"Tags":"python,url,base64","A_Id":561547,"CreationDate":"2009-02-18T15:25:00.000","Title":"How to convert an integer to the shortest url-safe string in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it safe to use Python UUID module generated values in URL's of a webpage?  Wnat to use those ID's as part of URL's.  Are there any non-safe characters ever generated by Python UUID that shouldn't be in URL's?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3987,"Q_Id":567324,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"It is good practice to always urlencode data that will be placed into URLs.  Then you need not be concerned with the specifics of UUID or if it will change in the future.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,url,uuid","A_Id":567347,"CreationDate":"2009-02-19T21:47:00.000","Title":"Is it safe to use Python UUID module generated values in URL's of a webpage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using BeautifulStoneSoup to parse an XML document and change some attributes. I noticed that it automatically converts all XML tags to lowercase. For example, my source file has <DocData> elements, which BeautifulSoup converts to <docdata>.\nThis appears to be causing problems since the program I am feeding my modified XML document to does not seem to accept the lowercase versions. Is there a way to prevent this behavior in BeautifulSoup?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1662,"Q_Id":567999,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"No, that's not a built-in option. The source is pretty straightforward, though. It looks like you want to change the value of encodedName in Tag.__str__.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,xml,beautifulsoup","A_Id":568081,"CreationDate":"2009-02-20T01:52:00.000","Title":"Preventing BeautifulSoup from converting my XML tags to lowercase","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Python to connect to an FTP server that contains a new list of data once every hour. I am only connecting once a day, and I only want to download the newest file in the directory. Is there a way to do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1672,"Q_Id":570433,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Seems like any system that is automatically generating a file once an hour is likely to be using an automated naming scheme.  Are you over thinking the problem by asking the server for the newest file instead of more easily parsing the file names?  \nThis wouldn't work in all cases, and if the directory got large it might become time consuming to get the file listing.  But it seems likely to work in most cases.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,ftp","A_Id":571410,"CreationDate":"2009-02-20T17:10:00.000","Title":"How can I get the newest file from an FTP server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Python web client that uses urllib2.  It is easy enough to add HTTP headers to my outgoing requests. I just create a dictionary of the headers I want to add, and pass it to the Request initializer.\nHowever, other \"standard\" HTTP headers get added to the request as well as the custom ones I explicitly add.  When I sniff the request using Wireshark, I see headers besides the ones I add myself.  My question is how do a I get access to these headers?  I want to log every request (including the full set of HTTP headers), and can't figure out how.\nany pointers?\nin a nutshell:  How do I get all the outgoing headers from an HTTP request created by urllib2?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14482,"Q_Id":603856,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"see urllib2.py:do_request (line 1044 (1067)) and urllib2.py:do_open (line 1073)\n(line 293) self.addheaders = [('User-agent', client_version)] (only 'User-agent' added)","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":603916,"CreationDate":"2009-03-02T20:24:00.000","Title":"How do you get default headers in a urllib2 Request?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm behind a router, I need a simple command to discover my public ip (instead of googling what's my ip and clicking one the results)\nAre there any standard protocols for this? I've heard about STUN but I don't know how can I use it?\nP.S. I'm planning on writing a short python script to do it","AnswerCount":16,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0374824318,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":19213,"Q_Id":613471,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Your simplest way may be to ask some server on the outside of your network.\nOne thing to keep in mind is that different destinations may see a different address for you. The router may be multihomed. And really that's just where problems begin.","Q_Score":28,"Tags":"python,ip-address,tcp","A_Id":613477,"CreationDate":"2009-03-05T03:18:00.000","Title":"Discovering public IP programmatically","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm behind a router, I need a simple command to discover my public ip (instead of googling what's my ip and clicking one the results)\nAre there any standard protocols for this? I've heard about STUN but I don't know how can I use it?\nP.S. I'm planning on writing a short python script to do it","AnswerCount":16,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.012499349,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":19213,"Q_Id":613471,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Here are a few public services that support IPv4 and IPv6:\n\ncurl http:\/\/icanhazip.com\ncurl http:\/\/www.trackip.net\/ip\ncurl https:\/\/ipapi.co\/ip\ncurl http:\/\/api6.ipify.org\ncurl http:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/cdn-cgi\/trace\ncurl http:\/\/checkip.dns.he.net\n\nThe following seem to support only IPv4 at this time:\n\ncurl http:\/\/bot.whatismyipaddress.com\ncurl http:\/\/checkip.dyndns.org\ncurl http:\/\/ifconfig.me\ncurl http:\/\/ip-api.com\ncurl http:\/\/api.infoip.io\/ip\n\nIt's easy to make an HTTP call programmatically. So all should be relatively easy to use, and you can try multiple different URLs in case one fails.","Q_Score":28,"Tags":"python,ip-address,tcp","A_Id":60525518,"CreationDate":"2009-03-05T03:18:00.000","Title":"Discovering public IP programmatically","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm behind a router, I need a simple command to discover my public ip (instead of googling what's my ip and clicking one the results)\nAre there any standard protocols for this? I've heard about STUN but I don't know how can I use it?\nP.S. I'm planning on writing a short python script to do it","AnswerCount":16,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0374824318,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":19213,"Q_Id":613471,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If the network has an UpNp server running on the gateway you are able to talk to the gateway and ask it for your outside IP address.","Q_Score":28,"Tags":"python,ip-address,tcp","A_Id":613518,"CreationDate":"2009-03-05T03:18:00.000","Title":"Discovering public IP programmatically","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to get all the messages from my gmail inbox, but I am facing 2 problems.\n\nIt does not get all the emails, (as per the count in stat function)\nThe order of emails it get is random.\n\nI am unsure if its the problem with poplib or gmail pop server.\nWhat am I missing here?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1096,"Q_Id":617892,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can also try imaplib module since GMail also provides access to email via IMAP protocol.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.5,poplib","A_Id":628130,"CreationDate":"2009-03-06T06:55:00.000","Title":"Poplib not working correctly?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to download emails from the gmail inbox only using poplib.Unfortunately I do not see any option to select Inbox alone, and poplib gives me emails from sent items too.\nHow do I select emails only from inbox?\nI dont want to use any gmail specific libraries.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2392,"Q_Id":625148,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"POP3 has no concept of 'folders'. If gmail is showing you both 'sent' as well as 'received' mail, then you really don't have any option but to receive all that email.\nPerhaps you would be better off using IMAP4 instead of POP3. Python has libraries that will work with gmail's IMAP4 server.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,gmail,pop3,poplib","A_Id":625175,"CreationDate":"2009-03-09T05:49:00.000","Title":"Select mails from inbox alone via poplib","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I'm in the middle of web-based filesystem abstraction layer development. \nJust like file browser, except it has some extra features like freaky permissions etc. \nI would like users to be notified somehow about directory changes. \nSo, i.e. when someone uploads a new file via FTP, certain users should get a proper message. It is not required for the message to be extra detailed, I don't really need to show the exact resource changed. The parent directory name should be enough.\nWhat approach would you recommend?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2053,"Q_Id":649623,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A simple approach would be to monitor\/check the last modification date of the working directory (using os.stat() for example). \nWhenever a file in a directory is modified, the working directory's (the directory the file is in) last modification date changes as well.\nAt least this works on the filesystems I am working on (ufs, ext3). I'm not sure if all filesystems do it this way.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,file,filesystems,checksum","A_Id":649665,"CreationDate":"2009-03-16T08:22:00.000","Title":"Directory checksum with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need advice and how to got about setting up a simple service for my users. I would like to add a new feature where users can send and receive emails from their gmail account. I have seen this done several times and I know its possible.\nThere use to be a project for \"Libgmailer\" at sourceforge but I think it was abandoned. Is anyone aware of anything similar?\nI have found that Gmail has a Python API but my site is making use of PHP.\nI really need ideas on how to best go about this!\nThanks all for any input","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":498,"Q_Id":656180,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"any library\/source that works with imap or pop will work.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,email,gmail","A_Id":656198,"CreationDate":"2009-03-17T21:51:00.000","Title":"Implementation: How to retrieve and send emails for different Gmail accounts?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need advice and how to got about setting up a simple service for my users. I would like to add a new feature where users can send and receive emails from their gmail account. I have seen this done several times and I know its possible.\nThere use to be a project for \"Libgmailer\" at sourceforge but I think it was abandoned. Is anyone aware of anything similar?\nI have found that Gmail has a Python API but my site is making use of PHP.\nI really need ideas on how to best go about this!\nThanks all for any input","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":498,"Q_Id":656180,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just a thought, Gmail supports POP\/IMAP access. Could you do it using those protocols? It would mean asking your users to go into their gmail and enable it though.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,email,gmail","A_Id":656205,"CreationDate":"2009-03-17T21:51:00.000","Title":"Implementation: How to retrieve and send emails for different Gmail accounts?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need advice and how to got about setting up a simple service for my users. I would like to add a new feature where users can send and receive emails from their gmail account. I have seen this done several times and I know its possible.\nThere use to be a project for \"Libgmailer\" at sourceforge but I think it was abandoned. Is anyone aware of anything similar?\nI have found that Gmail has a Python API but my site is making use of PHP.\nI really need ideas on how to best go about this!\nThanks all for any input","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":498,"Q_Id":656180,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well if Google didn't come up with anything personally I'd see if I could reverse engineer the Python API by implementing it and watching it with a packet sniffer. My guess is it's just accessing some web service which should be pretty easy to mimic regardless of the language you're using.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,email,gmail","A_Id":656194,"CreationDate":"2009-03-17T21:51:00.000","Title":"Implementation: How to retrieve and send emails for different Gmail accounts?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way I can preserve the original order of attributes when processing XML with minidom?\nSay I have: <color red=\"255\" green=\"255\" blue=\"233\" \/>\nwhen I modify this with minidom the attributes are rearranged alphabetically blue, green, and red. I'd like to preserve the original order.\nI am processing the file by looping through the elements returned by elements = doc.getElementsByTagName('color') and then I do assignments like this e.attributes[\"red\"].value = \"233\".","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8252,"Q_Id":662624,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"1.Custom your own 'Element.writexml' method.\nfrom 'minidom.py' copy Element's writexml code to your own file.\nrename it to writexml_nosort,\ndelete 'a_names.sort()' (python 2.7)\nor change 'a_names = sorted(attrs.keys())' to 'a_names = attrs.keys()'(python 3.4)\nchange the Element's method to your own:\nminidom.Element.writexml = writexml_nosort;\n2.custom your favorite order:\nright_order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a1', 'b1']\n3.adjust your element 's _attrs\nnode._attrs = OrderedDict( [(k,node._attrs[k]) for k in right_order ]  )","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,xml,minidom","A_Id":29696911,"CreationDate":"2009-03-19T15:23:00.000","Title":"Preserve order of attributes when modifying with minidom","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I could use some pseudo-code, or better, Python.  I am trying to implement a rate-limiting queue for a Python IRC bot, and it partially works, but if someone triggers less messages than the limit (e.g., rate limit is 5 messages per 8 seconds, and the person triggers only 4), and the next trigger is over the 8 seconds (e.g., 16 seconds later), the bot sends the message, but the queue becomes full and the bot waits 8 seconds, even though it's not needed since the 8 second period has lapsed.","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0599281035,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108156,"Q_Id":667508,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"One solution is to attach a timestamp to each queue item and to discard the item after 8 seconds have passed. You can perform this check each time the queue is added to.\nThis only works if you limit the queue size to 5 and discard any additions whilst the queue is full.","Q_Score":173,"Tags":"python,algorithm,message-queue","A_Id":667528,"CreationDate":"2009-03-20T19:02:00.000","Title":"What's a good rate limiting algorithm?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want my python application to be able to tell when the socket on the other side has been dropped. Is there a method for this?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":175519,"Q_Id":667640,"Users Score":47,"Answer":"Short answer:\n\nuse a non-blocking recv(), or a blocking recv() \/ select() with a very\n  short timeout.\n\nLong answer:\nThe way to handle socket connections is to read or write as you need to, and be prepared to handle connection errors.\nTCP distinguishes between 3 forms of \"dropping\" a connection: timeout, reset, close.\nOf these, the timeout can not really be detected, TCP might only tell you the time has not expired yet. But even if it told you that, the time might still expire right after.\nAlso remember that using shutdown() either you or your peer (the other end of the connection) may close only the incoming byte stream, and keep the outgoing byte stream running, or close the outgoing stream and keep the incoming one running.\nSo strictly speaking, you want to check if the read stream is closed, or if the write stream is closed, or if both are closed.\nEven if the connection was \"dropped\", you should still be able to read any data that is still in the network buffer. Only after the buffer is empty will you receive a disconnect from recv().\nChecking if the connection was dropped is like asking \"what will I receive after reading all data that is currently buffered ?\" To find that out, you just have to read all data that is currently bufferred.\nI can see how \"reading all buffered data\", to get to the end of it, might be a problem for some people, that still think of recv() as a blocking function. With a blocking recv(), \"checking\" for a read when the buffer is already empty will block, which defeats the purpose of \"checking\".\nIn my opinion any function that is documented to potentially block the entire process indefinitely is a design flaw, but I guess it is still there for historical reasons, from when using a socket just like a regular file descriptor was a cool idea.\nWhat you can do is:\n\nset the socket to non-blocking mode, but than you get a system-depended error to indicate the receive buffer is empty, or the send buffer is full\nstick to blocking mode but set a very short socket timeout. This will allow you to \"ping\" or \"check\" the socket with recv(), pretty much what you want to do\nuse select() call or asyncore module with a very short timeout. Error reporting is still system-specific.\n\nFor the write part of the problem, keeping the read buffers empty pretty much covers it. You will discover a connection \"dropped\" after a non-blocking read attempt, and you may choose to stop sending anything after a read returns a closed channel.\nI guess the only way to be sure your sent data has reached the other end (and is not still in the send buffer) is either:\n\nreceive a proper response on the same socket for the exact message that you sent. Basically you are using the higher level protocol to provide confirmation.\nperform a successful shutdow() and close() on the socket\n\nThe python socket howto says send() will return 0 bytes written if channel is closed. You may use a non-blocking or a timeout socket.send() and if it returns 0 you can no longer send data on that socket. But if it returns non-zero, you have already sent something, good luck with that :)\nAlso here I have not considered OOB (out-of-band) socket data here as a means to approach your problem, but I think OOB was not what you meant.","Q_Score":69,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":15175067,"CreationDate":"2009-03-20T19:31:00.000","Title":"How to tell if a connection is dead in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want my python application to be able to tell when the socket on the other side has been dropped. Is there a method for this?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":175519,"Q_Id":667640,"Users Score":41,"Answer":"It depends on what you mean by \"dropped\".  For TCP sockets, if the other end closes the connection either through \nclose() or  the process terminating, you'll find out by reading an end of file, or getting a read error, usually the errno being set to whatever 'connection reset by peer' is by your operating system.   For python, you'll read a zero length string, or a socket.error will be thrown when you try to read or write from the socket.","Q_Score":69,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":667710,"CreationDate":"2009-03-20T19:31:00.000","Title":"How to tell if a connection is dead in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web.py server that responds to various user requests. One of these requests involves downloading and analyzing a series of web pages. \nIs there a simple way to setup an async \/ callback based url download mechanism in web.py? Low resource usage is particularly important as each user initiated request could result in download of multiple pages.\nThe flow would look like:\nUser request -> web.py -> Download 10 pages in parallel or asynchronously -> Analyze contents, return results\nI recognize that Twisted would be a nice way to do this, but I'm already in web.py so I'm particularly interested in something that can fit within web.py .","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10221,"Q_Id":668257,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I'd just build a service in twisted that did that concurrent fetch and analysis and access that from web.py as a simple http request.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,asynchronous","A_Id":668772,"CreationDate":"2009-03-20T22:40:00.000","Title":"Python: simple async download of url content?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a web.py server that responds to various user requests. One of these requests involves downloading and analyzing a series of web pages. \nIs there a simple way to setup an async \/ callback based url download mechanism in web.py? Low resource usage is particularly important as each user initiated request could result in download of multiple pages.\nThe flow would look like:\nUser request -> web.py -> Download 10 pages in parallel or asynchronously -> Analyze contents, return results\nI recognize that Twisted would be a nice way to do this, but I'm already in web.py so I'm particularly interested in something that can fit within web.py .","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10221,"Q_Id":668257,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Actually you can integrate twisted with web.py. I'm not really sure  how  as I've only done it with django (used twisted with it).","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,asynchronous","A_Id":668723,"CreationDate":"2009-03-20T22:40:00.000","Title":"Python: simple async download of url content?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a web.py server that responds to various user requests. One of these requests involves downloading and analyzing a series of web pages. \nIs there a simple way to setup an async \/ callback based url download mechanism in web.py? Low resource usage is particularly important as each user initiated request could result in download of multiple pages.\nThe flow would look like:\nUser request -> web.py -> Download 10 pages in parallel or asynchronously -> Analyze contents, return results\nI recognize that Twisted would be a nice way to do this, but I'm already in web.py so I'm particularly interested in something that can fit within web.py .","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10221,"Q_Id":668257,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm not sure I'm understanding your question, so I'll give multiple partial answers to start with.\n\nIf your concern is that web.py is having to download data from somewhere and analyze the results before responding, and you fear the request may time out before the results are ready, you could use ajax to split the work up.  Return immediately with a container page (to hold the results) and a bit of javascript to poll the sever for the results until the client has them all.  Thus the client never waits for the server, though the user still has to wait for the results.\nIf your concern is tying up the server waiting for the client to get the results, I doubt if that will actually be a problem.  Your networking layers should not require you to wait-on-write\nIf you are worrying about the server waiting while the client downloads static content from elsewhere, either ajax or clever use of redirects should solve your problem","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,asynchronous","A_Id":668486,"CreationDate":"2009-03-20T22:40:00.000","Title":"Python: simple async download of url content?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm building a Python application that needs to communicate with an OAuth service provider.  The SP requires me to specify a callback URL.  Specifying localhost obviously  won't work.  I'm unable to set up a public facing server.  Any ideas besides paying for server\/hosting?  Is this even possible?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":19222,"Q_Id":670398,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could create 2 applications? 1 for deployment and the other for testing. \nAlternatively, you can also include an oauth_callback parameter when you requesting for a request token. Some providers will redirect to the url specified by oauth_callback (eg. Twitter, Google) but some will ignore this callback url and redirect to the one specified during configuration (eg. Yahoo)","Q_Score":37,"Tags":"python,oauth","A_Id":3117885,"CreationDate":"2009-03-22T01:37:00.000","Title":"How do I develop against OAuth locally?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm building a Python application that needs to communicate with an OAuth service provider.  The SP requires me to specify a callback URL.  Specifying localhost obviously  won't work.  I'm unable to set up a public facing server.  Any ideas besides paying for server\/hosting?  Is this even possible?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1418931938,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":19222,"Q_Id":670398,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"This was with the Facebook OAuth - I actually was able to specify 'http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080' as  the Site URL and the callback URL. It took several minutes for the changes to the Facebook app to propagate, but then it worked.","Q_Score":37,"Tags":"python,oauth","A_Id":7971246,"CreationDate":"2009-03-22T01:37:00.000","Title":"How do I develop against OAuth locally?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm building a Python application that needs to communicate with an OAuth service provider.  The SP requires me to specify a callback URL.  Specifying localhost obviously  won't work.  I'm unable to set up a public facing server.  Any ideas besides paying for server\/hosting?  Is this even possible?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":19222,"Q_Id":670398,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"In case you are using *nix style system, create a alias like 127.0.0.1 mywebsite.dev in \/etc\/hosts (you need have the line which is similar to above mentioned in the file, Use http:\/\/website.dev\/callbackurl\/for\/app in call back URL and during local testing.","Q_Score":37,"Tags":"python,oauth","A_Id":12107449,"CreationDate":"2009-03-22T01:37:00.000","Title":"How do I develop against OAuth locally?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Very occasionally when making a http request, I am waiting for an age for a response that never comes.  What is the recommended way to cancel this request after a reasonable period of time?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":578,"Q_Id":683493,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Set the HTTP request timeout.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,httpwebrequest","A_Id":683519,"CreationDate":"2009-03-25T21:17:00.000","Title":"Timeout on a HTTP request in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been asked to quote a project where they want to see sent email using POP. I am pretty sure this is not possible, but I thought if it was.\nSo is it possible given a users POP email server details to access their sent mail?\nIf so any examples in Python or fetchmail?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3820,"Q_Id":690527,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Pop doesn't support sent email.  Pop is an inbox only, Sent mail will be stored in IMAP, Exchange or other proprietary system.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,pop3,fetchmail","A_Id":690536,"CreationDate":"2009-03-27T16:45:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to Access a Users Sent Email over POP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been asked to quote a project where they want to see sent email using POP. I am pretty sure this is not possible, but I thought if it was.\nSo is it possible given a users POP email server details to access their sent mail?\nIf so any examples in Python or fetchmail?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3820,"Q_Id":690527,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The smtp (mail sending) server could forward a copy of all sent mail back to the sender, they could then access this over pop.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,pop3,fetchmail","A_Id":690541,"CreationDate":"2009-03-27T16:45:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to Access a Users Sent Email over POP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been asked to quote a project where they want to see sent email using POP. I am pretty sure this is not possible, but I thought if it was.\nSo is it possible given a users POP email server details to access their sent mail?\nIf so any examples in Python or fetchmail?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3820,"Q_Id":690527,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"POP3 only handles receiving email; sent mail is sent via SMTP in these situations, and may be sent via a different ISP to the receiver (say, when you host your own email server, but use your current ISP to send). As such, this isn't directly possible.\nIMAP could do it, as this offers server side email folders as well as having the server handle the interface to both send and receive SMTP traffic","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,pop3,fetchmail","A_Id":690542,"CreationDate":"2009-03-27T16:45:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to Access a Users Sent Email over POP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been asked to quote a project where they want to see sent email using POP. I am pretty sure this is not possible, but I thought if it was.\nSo is it possible given a users POP email server details to access their sent mail?\nIf so any examples in Python or fetchmail?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3820,"Q_Id":690527,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Emails are not sent using POP, but collected from a server using POP. They are sent using SMTP, and they don't hang around on the server once they're gone.\nYou might want to look into IMAP?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,pop3,fetchmail","A_Id":690540,"CreationDate":"2009-03-27T16:45:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to Access a Users Sent Email over POP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I stripped some tags that I thought were unnecessary from an XML file. Now when I try to parse it, my SAX parser throws an error and says my file is not well-formed. However, I know every start tag has an end tag. The file's opening tag has a link to an XML schema. Could this be causing the trouble? If so, then how do I fix it?\nEdit: I think I've found the problem. My character data contains \"&lt\" and \"&gt\" characters, presumably from html tags. After being parsed, these are converted to \"<\" and \">\" characters, which seems to bother the SAX parser. Is there any way to prevent this from happening?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2338,"Q_Id":708531,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could load it into Firefox, if you don't have an XML editor. Firefox shows you the error.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,sax","A_Id":715813,"CreationDate":"2009-04-02T06:35:00.000","Title":"Python SAX parser says XML file is not well-formed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I stripped some tags that I thought were unnecessary from an XML file. Now when I try to parse it, my SAX parser throws an error and says my file is not well-formed. However, I know every start tag has an end tag. The file's opening tag has a link to an XML schema. Could this be causing the trouble? If so, then how do I fix it?\nEdit: I think I've found the problem. My character data contains \"&lt\" and \"&gt\" characters, presumably from html tags. After being parsed, these are converted to \"<\" and \">\" characters, which seems to bother the SAX parser. Is there any way to prevent this from happening?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2338,"Q_Id":708531,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would second recommendation to try to parse it using another XML parser. That should give an indication as to whether it's the document that's wrong, or parser.\nAlso, the actual error message might be useful. One fairly common problem for example is that the xml declaration (if one is used, it's optional) must be the very first thing -- not even whitespace is allowed before it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,sax","A_Id":711033,"CreationDate":"2009-04-02T06:35:00.000","Title":"Python SAX parser says XML file is not well-formed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I stripped some tags that I thought were unnecessary from an XML file. Now when I try to parse it, my SAX parser throws an error and says my file is not well-formed. However, I know every start tag has an end tag. The file's opening tag has a link to an XML schema. Could this be causing the trouble? If so, then how do I fix it?\nEdit: I think I've found the problem. My character data contains \"&lt\" and \"&gt\" characters, presumably from html tags. After being parsed, these are converted to \"<\" and \">\" characters, which seems to bother the SAX parser. Is there any way to prevent this from happening?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2338,"Q_Id":708531,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I would suggest putting those tags back in and making sure it still works. Then, if you want to take them out, do it one at a time until it breaks.\nHowever, I question the wisdom of taking them out. If it's your XML file, you should understand it better. If it's a third-party XML file, you really shouldn't be fiddling with it (until you understand it better :-).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,sax","A_Id":708546,"CreationDate":"2009-04-02T06:35:00.000","Title":"Python SAX parser says XML file is not well-formed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have seen many projects using simplejson module instead of json module from the Standard Library. Also, there are many different simplejson modules. Why would use these alternatives, instead of the one in the Standard Library?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":141384,"Q_Id":712791,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Another reason projects use simplejson is that the builtin json did not originally include its C speedups, so the performance difference was noticeable.","Q_Score":405,"Tags":"python,json,simplejson","A_Id":714748,"CreationDate":"2009-04-03T06:56:00.000","Title":"What are the differences between json and simplejson Python modules?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have seen many projects using simplejson module instead of json module from the Standard Library. Also, there are many different simplejson modules. Why would use these alternatives, instead of the one in the Standard Library?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0307595242,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":141384,"Q_Id":712791,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"In python3, if you a string of b'bytes',  with json you have to .decode() the content before you can load it.  simplejson takes care of this so you can just do simplejson.loads(byte_string).","Q_Score":405,"Tags":"python,json,simplejson","A_Id":38016773,"CreationDate":"2009-04-03T06:56:00.000","Title":"What are the differences between json and simplejson Python modules?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have seen many projects using simplejson module instead of json module from the Standard Library. Also, there are many different simplejson modules. Why would use these alternatives, instead of the one in the Standard Library?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0767717131,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":141384,"Q_Id":712791,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"The builtin json module got included in Python 2.6.  Any projects that support versions of Python < 2.6 need to have a fallback.  In many cases, that fallback is simplejson.","Q_Score":405,"Tags":"python,json,simplejson","A_Id":712795,"CreationDate":"2009-04-03T06:56:00.000","Title":"What are the differences between json and simplejson Python modules?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have seen many projects using simplejson module instead of json module from the Standard Library. Also, there are many different simplejson modules. Why would use these alternatives, instead of the one in the Standard Library?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":141384,"Q_Id":712791,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I came across this question as I was looking to install simplejson for Python 2.6. I needed to use the 'object_pairs_hook' of json.load() in order to load a json file as an OrderedDict. Being familiar with more recent versions of Python I didn't realize that the json module for Python 2.6 doesn't include the 'object_pairs_hook' so I had to install simplejson for this purpose. From personal experience this is why i use simplejson as opposed to the standard json module.","Q_Score":405,"Tags":"python,json,simplejson","A_Id":31269030,"CreationDate":"2009-04-03T06:56:00.000","Title":"What are the differences between json and simplejson Python modules?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a list somewhere of recommendations of different Python-based REST frameworks for use on the serverside to write your own RESTful APIs? Preferably with pros and cons.\nPlease feel free to add recommendations here. :)","AnswerCount":16,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":241535,"Q_Id":713847,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I strongly recommend TurboGears or Bottle:\nTurboGears:\n\nless verbose than django\nmore flexible, less HTML-oriented \nbut: less famous\n\nBottle:\n\nvery fast\nvery easy to learn\nbut: minimalistic and not mature","Q_Score":321,"Tags":"python,web-services,rest,frameworks","A_Id":1722910,"CreationDate":"2009-04-03T13:13:00.000","Title":"Recommendations of Python REST (web services) framework?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a list somewhere of recommendations of different Python-based REST frameworks for use on the serverside to write your own RESTful APIs? Preferably with pros and cons.\nPlease feel free to add recommendations here. :)","AnswerCount":16,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":241535,"Q_Id":713847,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"I don't see any reason to use Django just to expose a REST api, there are lighter and more flexible solutions. Django carries a lot of other things to the table, that are not always needed. For sure not needed if you only want to expose some code as a REST service. \nMy personal experience, fwiw, is that once you have a one-size-fits-all framework, you'll start to use its ORM, its plugins, etc. just because it's easy, and in no time you end up having a dependency that is very hard to get rid of.\nChoosing a web framework is a tough decision, and I would avoid picking a full stack solution just to expose a REST api. \nNow, if you really need\/want to use Django, then Piston is a nice REST framework for django apps.\nThat being said, CherryPy looks really nice too, but seems more RPC than REST.\nLooking at the samples (I never used it), probably web.py is the best and cleanest if you only need REST.","Q_Score":321,"Tags":"python,web-services,rest,frameworks","A_Id":6897383,"CreationDate":"2009-04-03T13:13:00.000","Title":"Recommendations of Python REST (web services) framework?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web application and I would like to enable real time SMS notifications to the users of the applications. \nNote: I currently cannot use the Twitter API because I live in West Africa, and Twitter doesn't send SMS to my country.\nAlso email2sms is not an option because the mobile operators don't allow that in my country.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2976,"Q_Id":716946,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't have any knowledge in this area. But I think you'll have to talk to the mobile operators, and see if they have any API for sending SMS messages. \nYou'll probably have to pay them, or have some scheme for customers to pay them. Alternatively there might be some 3rd party that implements this functionality.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sms,notifications","A_Id":716953,"CreationDate":"2009-04-04T11:47:00.000","Title":"How do I enable SMS notifications in my web apps?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a web application and I would like to enable real time SMS notifications to the users of the applications. \nNote: I currently cannot use the Twitter API because I live in West Africa, and Twitter doesn't send SMS to my country.\nAlso email2sms is not an option because the mobile operators don't allow that in my country.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.057080742,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2976,"Q_Id":716946,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The easiest way to accomplish this is by using a third party API. Some I know that work well are:\n\nrestSms.me\nTwilio.com\nClicatell.com\n\nI have used all of them and they easiest\/cheapest one to implement was restSms.me\nHope that helps.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sms,notifications","A_Id":5414483,"CreationDate":"2009-04-04T11:47:00.000","Title":"How do I enable SMS notifications in my web apps?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Problems\n\nhow to make an Ajax buttons (upward and downward arrows) such that the number can increase or decrease\nhow to save the action af an user to an variable NumberOfVotesOfQuestionID\n\nI am not sure whether I should use database or not for the variable. However, I know that there is an easier way too to save the number of votes.\nHow can you solve those problems?\n[edit]\nThe server-side programming language is Python.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7516,"Q_Id":719194,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You create the buttons, which can be links or images or whatever. Now hook a JavaScript function up to each button's click event. On clicking, the function fires and\n\nSends a request to the server code that says, more or less, +1 or -1.\nServer code takes over. This will vary wildly depending on what framework you use (or don't) and a bunch of other things.\nCode connects to the database and runs a query to +1 or -1 the score. How this happens will vary wildly depending on your database design, but it'll be something like UPDATE posts SET score=score+1 WHERE score_id={{insert id here}};.\nDepending on what the database says, the server returns a success code or a failure code  as the AJAX request response.\nResponse gets sent to AJAX, asynchronously.\nThe JS response function updates the score if it's a success code, displays an error if it's a failure.\n\nYou can store the code in a variable, but this is complicated and depends on how well you know the semantics of your code's runtime environment. It eventually needs to be pushed to persistent storage anyway, so using the database 100% is a good initial solution. When the time for optimizing performance comes, there are enough software in the world to cache database queries to make you feel woozy so it's not that big a deal.","Q_Score":32,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,ajax","A_Id":719293,"CreationDate":"2009-04-05T16:07:00.000","Title":"How can you make a vote-up-down button like in Stackoverflow?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python script that runs continuously.  It outputs 2 lines of info every 30 seconds.  I'd like to be able to view this output on the web.  In particular, I'd like the site to auto-update (add the new output at the top of the page\/site every 30 seconds without having to refresh the page).\nI understand I can do this with javascript but is there a python only based solution?  Even if there is, is javascript the way to go?  I'm more than willing to learn javascript if needed but if not, I'd like to stay focused on python.\nSorry for the basic question but I'm still clueless when it comes to web programming.\nThx!","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16918,"Q_Id":731470,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is this for a real webapp? Or is this a convenience thing for you to view output in the browser? If it's more so for convenience, you could consider using mod_python.\nmod_python is an extension for the apache webserver that embeds a python interpreter in the web server (so the script runs server side). It would easily let you do this sort of thing locally or for your own convenience. Then you could just run the script with mod python and have the handler post your results. You could probably easily implement the refreshing too, but I would not know off the top of my head how to do this.\nHope this helps... check out mod_python. It's not too bad once you get everything configured.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":731629,"CreationDate":"2009-04-08T19:31:00.000","Title":"What's easiest way to get Python script output on the web?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python script that runs continuously.  It outputs 2 lines of info every 30 seconds.  I'd like to be able to view this output on the web.  In particular, I'd like the site to auto-update (add the new output at the top of the page\/site every 30 seconds without having to refresh the page).\nI understand I can do this with javascript but is there a python only based solution?  Even if there is, is javascript the way to go?  I'm more than willing to learn javascript if needed but if not, I'd like to stay focused on python.\nSorry for the basic question but I'm still clueless when it comes to web programming.\nThx!","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16918,"Q_Id":731470,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"JavaScript is the primary way to add this sort of interactivity to a website.  You can make the back-end Python, but the client will have to use JavaScript AJAX calls to update the page.  Python doesn't run in the browser, so you're out of luck if you want to use just Python.\n(It's also possible to use Flash or Java applets, but that's a pretty heavyweight solution for what seems like a small problem.)","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":731476,"CreationDate":"2009-04-08T19:31:00.000","Title":"What's easiest way to get Python script output on the web?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python script that runs continuously.  It outputs 2 lines of info every 30 seconds.  I'd like to be able to view this output on the web.  In particular, I'd like the site to auto-update (add the new output at the top of the page\/site every 30 seconds without having to refresh the page).\nI understand I can do this with javascript but is there a python only based solution?  Even if there is, is javascript the way to go?  I'm more than willing to learn javascript if needed but if not, I'd like to stay focused on python.\nSorry for the basic question but I'm still clueless when it comes to web programming.\nThx!","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16918,"Q_Id":731470,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You need Javascript in one way or another for your 30 second refresh.  Alternatively, you could set a meta tag refresh for every 30 seconds to redirect to the current page, but the Javascript route will prevent page flicker.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":731477,"CreationDate":"2009-04-08T19:31:00.000","Title":"What's easiest way to get Python script output on the web?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking for a well-supported multithreaded Python HTTP server that supports chunked encoding replies.  (I.e. \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\" on responses).  What's the best HTTP server base to start with for this purpose?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6143,"Q_Id":732222,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Twisted supports chunked transfer and it does so transparently. i.e., if your request handler does not specify a response length, twisted will automatically switch to chunked transfer and it will generate one chunk per call to Request.write.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,http,chunked-encoding","A_Id":9326192,"CreationDate":"2009-04-08T22:58:00.000","Title":"Python HTTP server that supports chunked encoding?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Trying to understand S3...How do you limit access to a file you upload to S3?  For example, from a web application, each user has files they can upload, but how do you limit access so only that user has access to that file?  It seems like the query string authentication requires an expiration date and that won't work for me, is there another way to do this?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4305,"Q_Id":765964,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You will have to build the whole access logic to S3 in your applications","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,django,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3","A_Id":766030,"CreationDate":"2009-04-19T19:51:00.000","Title":"Amazon S3 permissions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Trying to understand S3...How do you limit access to a file you upload to S3?  For example, from a web application, each user has files they can upload, but how do you limit access so only that user has access to that file?  It seems like the query string authentication requires an expiration date and that won't work for me, is there another way to do this?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4305,"Q_Id":765964,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"Have the user hit your server\nHave the server set up a query-string authentication with a short expiration (minutes, hours?)\nHave your server redirect to #2","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,django,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3","A_Id":768090,"CreationDate":"2009-04-19T19:51:00.000","Title":"Amazon S3 permissions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Trying to understand S3...How do you limit access to a file you upload to S3?  For example, from a web application, each user has files they can upload, but how do you limit access so only that user has access to that file?  It seems like the query string authentication requires an expiration date and that won't work for me, is there another way to do this?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4305,"Q_Id":765964,"Users Score":14,"Answer":"There are various ways to control access to the S3 objects:\n\nUse the query string auth - but as you noted this does require an expiration date.  You could make it far in the future, which has been good enough for most things I have done.\nUse the S3 ACLS - but this requires the user to have an AWS account and authenticate with AWS to access the S3 object.  This is probably not what you are looking for.\nYou proxy the access to the S3 object through your application, which implements your access control logic.  This will bring all the bandwidth through your box.\nYou can set up an EC2 instance with your proxy logic - this keeps the bandwidth closer to S3 and can reduce latency in certain situations.  The difference between this and #3 could be minimal, but depends your particular situation.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,django,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3","A_Id":768050,"CreationDate":"2009-04-19T19:51:00.000","Title":"Amazon S3 permissions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For fun, I've been toying around with writing a load balancer in python and have been trying to figure the best (correct?) way to test if a port is available and the remote host is still there.\nI'm finding that, once connected, it becomes difficult to tell when the remote host goes down.  I've turned keep alive on, but can't get it to recognize a downed connection sooner than a minute (I realize polling more often than a minute might be overkill, but lets say I wanted to), even after setting the various TCP_KEEPALIVE options to their lowest.\nWhen I use nonblocking sockets, I've noticed that a recv() will return an error (\"resource temporarily unavailable\") when it reads from a live socket, but returns \"\" when reading from a dead one (send and recv of 0 bytes, which might be the cause?).  That seems like an odd way to test for it connected, though, and makes it impossible to tell if the connected died but after sending some data.\nAside from connecting\/disconnecting for every check, is there something I can do?  Can I manually send a tcp keepalive, or can I establish a lower level connection that will let me test the connectivity without sending real data the remote server would potentially process?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3463,"Q_Id":771399,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I'd recommend not leaving your (single) test socket connected - make a new connection each time you need to poll.  Every load balancer \/ server availability system I've ever seen uses this method instead of a persistent connection.\nIf the remote server hasn't responded within a reasonable amount of time (e.g. 10s) mark it as \"down\".  Use timers and signals rather than function response codes to handle that timeout.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,tcp,monitoring,port","A_Id":771422,"CreationDate":"2009-04-21T07:11:00.000","Title":"Monitoring a tcp port","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For fun, I've been toying around with writing a load balancer in python and have been trying to figure the best (correct?) way to test if a port is available and the remote host is still there.\nI'm finding that, once connected, it becomes difficult to tell when the remote host goes down.  I've turned keep alive on, but can't get it to recognize a downed connection sooner than a minute (I realize polling more often than a minute might be overkill, but lets say I wanted to), even after setting the various TCP_KEEPALIVE options to their lowest.\nWhen I use nonblocking sockets, I've noticed that a recv() will return an error (\"resource temporarily unavailable\") when it reads from a live socket, but returns \"\" when reading from a dead one (send and recv of 0 bytes, which might be the cause?).  That seems like an odd way to test for it connected, though, and makes it impossible to tell if the connected died but after sending some data.\nAside from connecting\/disconnecting for every check, is there something I can do?  Can I manually send a tcp keepalive, or can I establish a lower level connection that will let me test the connectivity without sending real data the remote server would potentially process?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3463,"Q_Id":771399,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It is theoretically possible to spam a keepalive packet. But to set it to very low intervals, you may need to dig into raw sockets. Also, your host may ignore it if its coming in too fast.\nThe best way to check if a host is alive in a TCP connection is to send data, and wait for an ACK packet. If the ACK packet arrives, the SEND function will return non-zero.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,tcp,monitoring,port","A_Id":771438,"CreationDate":"2009-04-21T07:11:00.000","Title":"Monitoring a tcp port","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For fun, I've been toying around with writing a load balancer in python and have been trying to figure the best (correct?) way to test if a port is available and the remote host is still there.\nI'm finding that, once connected, it becomes difficult to tell when the remote host goes down.  I've turned keep alive on, but can't get it to recognize a downed connection sooner than a minute (I realize polling more often than a minute might be overkill, but lets say I wanted to), even after setting the various TCP_KEEPALIVE options to their lowest.\nWhen I use nonblocking sockets, I've noticed that a recv() will return an error (\"resource temporarily unavailable\") when it reads from a live socket, but returns \"\" when reading from a dead one (send and recv of 0 bytes, which might be the cause?).  That seems like an odd way to test for it connected, though, and makes it impossible to tell if the connected died but after sending some data.\nAside from connecting\/disconnecting for every check, is there something I can do?  Can I manually send a tcp keepalive, or can I establish a lower level connection that will let me test the connectivity without sending real data the remote server would potentially process?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3463,"Q_Id":771399,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"\"it becomes difficult to tell when the remote host goes down\"\nCorrect.  This is a feature of TCP.  The whole point of TCP is to have an enduring connection between ports.  Theoretically an application can drop and reconnect to the port through TCP (the socket libraries don't provide a lot of support for this, but it's part of the TCP protocol).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,tcp,monitoring,port","A_Id":773207,"CreationDate":"2009-04-21T07:11:00.000","Title":"Monitoring a tcp port","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For fun, I've been toying around with writing a load balancer in python and have been trying to figure the best (correct?) way to test if a port is available and the remote host is still there.\nI'm finding that, once connected, it becomes difficult to tell when the remote host goes down.  I've turned keep alive on, but can't get it to recognize a downed connection sooner than a minute (I realize polling more often than a minute might be overkill, but lets say I wanted to), even after setting the various TCP_KEEPALIVE options to their lowest.\nWhen I use nonblocking sockets, I've noticed that a recv() will return an error (\"resource temporarily unavailable\") when it reads from a live socket, but returns \"\" when reading from a dead one (send and recv of 0 bytes, which might be the cause?).  That seems like an odd way to test for it connected, though, and makes it impossible to tell if the connected died but after sending some data.\nAside from connecting\/disconnecting for every check, is there something I can do?  Can I manually send a tcp keepalive, or can I establish a lower level connection that will let me test the connectivity without sending real data the remote server would potentially process?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3463,"Q_Id":771399,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"ping was invented for that purpose\nalso you might be able to send malformed TCP packets to your destination. For example, in the TCP headers there is a flag for acknowleging end of transmission, its the FIN message. If you send a message with ACK and FIN the remote host should complain with a return packet and you'll be able to evaluate round trip time.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,tcp,monitoring,port","A_Id":771415,"CreationDate":"2009-04-21T07:11:00.000","Title":"Monitoring a tcp port","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi I have a small comment shoutbox type cgi process running on a server and currently when someone leaves a comment I simply format that comment into html i.e\n<p class=\"title\">$title<\/p>\n<p class=\"comment\">$comment<\/p>\nand store in a flat file.\nWould it be faster and acceptably low in LOC to reimplement the storage in xml or json, in a simple spec of my own or stick with the simple html route?.  \nI don't want to use relational database for this.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":331,"Q_Id":777090,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If a flat file is fast enough, then go with that, since it's very simple and accessible. Storing as XML and JSON but still using a flat file probably is very comparable in performance.\nYou might want to consider (ignore this if you just left it out of your question) sanitizing\/filtering the text, so that users can't break your HTML by e.g. entering \"<\/p>\" in the comment text.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,json","A_Id":777119,"CreationDate":"2009-04-22T12:56:00.000","Title":"fastest way to store comment data python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Other than basic python syntax, what other key areas should I learn to get a website live?\nIs there a web.config in the python world?\nWhich libraries handle things like authentication?  or is that all done manually via session cookies and database tables?\nAre there any web specific libraries?\nEdit: sorry!\nI am well versed in asp.net, I want to branch out and learn Python, hence this question (sorry, terrible start to this question I know).","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":177,"Q_Id":777924,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Oh, golly.\nLook, this is gonna be real hard to answer because, read as you wrote it, you're missing a lot of steps.  Like, you need a web server, a design, some HTML, and so on.\nAre you building from the ground up?  Asking about Python makes me suspect you may be using something like Zope.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":777952,"CreationDate":"2009-04-22T15:46:00.000","Title":"Other than basic python syntax, what other key areas should I learn to get a website live?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing an rather simple http web server in python3. The web server needs to be simple - only basic reading from config files, etc. I am using only standard libraries and for now it works rather ok. \nThere is only one requirement for this project, which I can't implement on my own - virtual hosts. I need to have at least two virtual hosts, defined in config files. The problem is, that I can't find a way how can I implement them in python. Does anyone have any guides, articles, maybe some simple implementation how can this be done?\nI would be grateful for any help.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3802,"Q_Id":781466,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"Virtual hosts work by obeying the Host: header in the HTTP request.\nJust read the headers of the request, and take action based on the value of the Host: header","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http,python-3.x,virtualhost","A_Id":781474,"CreationDate":"2009-04-23T12:20:00.000","Title":"Python3 Http Web Server: virtual hosts","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Of course an HTML page can be parsed using any number of python parsers, but I'm surprised that there don't seem to be any public parsing scripts to extract meaningful content (excluding sidebars, navigation, etc.) from a given HTML doc. \nI'm guessing it's something like collecting DIV and P elements and then checking them for a minimum amount of text content, but I'm sure a solid implementation would include plenty of things that I haven't thought of.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3581,"Q_Id":796490,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What is meaningful and what is not, it depends on the semantic of the page. If the semantics is crappy, your code won't \"guess\" what is meaningful. I use readability, which you linked in the comment, and I see that on many pages I try to read it does not provide any result, not talking about a decent one.\nIf someone puts the content in a table, you're doomed. Try readability on a phpbb forum you'll see what I mean.\nIf you want to do it, go with a regexp on <p><\/p>, or parse the DOM.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,html,parsing,semantics,html-content-extraction","A_Id":796530,"CreationDate":"2009-04-28T06:40:00.000","Title":"python method to extract content (excluding navigation) from an HTML page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If I have some xml containing things like the following mediawiki markup:\n\n\"    ...collected in the 12th century, of which [[Alexander the Great]] was the\n  hero, and in which he was represented,\n  somewhat like the British [[King\n  Arthur|Arthur]]\"\n\nwhat would be the appropriate arguments to something like:\nre.findall([[__?__]], article_entry)\nI am stumbling a bit on escaping the double square brackets, and getting the proper link for text like: [[Alexander of Paris|poet named Alexander]]","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1132,"Q_Id":809837,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"RegExp: \\w+( \\w+)+(?=]])\ninput\n[[Alexander of Paris|poet named Alexander]]\noutput\npoet named Alexander\ninput\n[[Alexander of Paris]]\noutput\nAlexander of Paris","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,regex,mediawiki","A_Id":809900,"CreationDate":"2009-05-01T01:11:00.000","Title":"Python regex for finding contents of MediaWiki markup links","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i'm trying to save an image from a website using selenium server & python client.\ni know the image's URL, but i can't find the code to save it, either when it's the the document itself, or when it's embedded in  the current browser session.\nthe workaround i found so far is to save the page's screenshot (there are 2 selenium methods for doing just that), but i want the original image.\ni don't mind fiddling with the clicking menu options etc. but i couldn't found how.\nthanks","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9916,"Q_Id":816704,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"To do this the way you want (to actually capture the content sent down to the browser) you'd need to modify Selenium RC's proxy code (see ProxyHandler.java) and store the files locally on the disk in parallel to sending the response back to the browser.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":827891,"CreationDate":"2009-05-03T09:51:00.000","Title":"save an image with selenium & firefox","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i'm trying to save an image from a website using selenium server & python client.\ni know the image's URL, but i can't find the code to save it, either when it's the the document itself, or when it's embedded in  the current browser session.\nthe workaround i found so far is to save the page's screenshot (there are 2 selenium methods for doing just that), but i want the original image.\ni don't mind fiddling with the clicking menu options etc. but i couldn't found how.\nthanks","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9916,"Q_Id":816704,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"How about going to the image URL and then taking a screenshot of the page? Firefox displays the image in full screen. Hope this helps..","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":816777,"CreationDate":"2009-05-03T09:51:00.000","Title":"save an image with selenium & firefox","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Given an ip address (say 192.168.0.1), how do I check if it's in a network (say 192.168.0.0\/24) in Python?\nAre there general tools in Python for ip address manipulation? Stuff like host lookups, ip adddress to int, network address with netmask to int and so on? Hopefully in the standard Python library for 2.5.","AnswerCount":28,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0142847425,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":174240,"Q_Id":819355,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"#This works properly without the weird byte by byte handling\ndef addressInNetwork(ip,net):\n    '''Is an address in a network'''\n    # Convert addresses to host order, so shifts actually make sense\n    ip = struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]\n    netaddr,bits = net.split('\/')\n    netaddr = struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0]\n    # Must shift left an all ones value, \/32 = zero shift, \/0 = 32 shift left\n    netmask = (0xffffffff << (32-int(bits))) & 0xffffffff\n    # There's no need to mask the network address, as long as its a proper network address\n    return (ip & netmask) == netaddr","Q_Score":123,"Tags":"python,networking,ip-address,cidr","A_Id":10053031,"CreationDate":"2009-05-04T08:59:00.000","Title":"How can I check if an ip is in a network in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using wx.FileDialog in a wxPython 2.8.8.0 application, under Xubuntu 8.10.. My problem is that this dialog isn't network-aware, so I can't browse Samba shares.\nI see that this problem plagues other applications too (Firefox, Audacious...) so I'd like to ask where I could find informations on how to make it work.\nIs that dialog supposed to be already network-aware? Am I missing something? Some library maybe? Or should I write my own implementation?\nMany thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":276,"Q_Id":825724,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Robin Dunn himself told me that\n\nIt's using the \"native\" GTK file\n  dialog, just like the other apps, so \n  there isn't anything that wx can do\n  about it.\n\nSo as a workaround I ended up installing gvfs-fuse and browsing\nthe network through $HOME\/.gvfs.. A bit klunky but it works.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"linux,ubuntu,wxpython","A_Id":876524,"CreationDate":"2009-05-05T16:22:00.000","Title":"Network-aware wx.FileDialog","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Many python libraries, even recently written ones, use httplib2 or the socket interface to perform networking tasks.\nThose are obviously easier to code on than Twisted due to their blocking nature, but I think this is a drawback when integrating them with other code, especially GUI one. If you want scalability, concurrency or GUI integration while avoiding multithreading, Twisted is then a natural choice.\nSo I would be interested in opinions in those matters:\n\nShould new networking code (with the exception of small command line tools) be written with Twisted?\nWould you mix Twisted, http2lib or socket code in the same project?\nIs Twisted pythonic for most libraries (it is more complex than alternatives, introduce a dependency to a non-standard package...)?\n\nEdit: please let me phrase this in another way. Do you feel writing new library code with Twisted may add a barrier to its adoption? Twisted has obvious benefits (especially portability and scalability as stated by gimel), but the fact that it is not a core python library may be considered by some as a drawback.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1969,"Q_Id":846950,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Should new networking code (with the exception of small command line tools) be written with Twisted?\n\n\nMaybe. It really depends. Sometimes its just easy enough to wrap the blocking calls in their own thread. Twisted is good for large scale network code.\n\nWould you mix Twisted, http2lib or socket code in the same project?\n\n\nSure. But just remember that Twisted is single threaded, and that any blocking call in Twisted will block the entire engine.\n\nIs Twisted pythonic for most libraries (it is more complex than alternatives, introduce a dependency to a non-standard package...)?\n\n\nThere are many Twisted zealots that will say it belongs in the Python standard library. But many people can implement decent networking code with asyncore\/asynchat.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,networking,sockets,twisted,httplib2","A_Id":847014,"CreationDate":"2009-05-11T06:30:00.000","Title":"Is Twisted an httplib2\/socket replacement?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to communicate using flex client with GAE, I am able to communicate using XMl from GAE to FLex but how should I post from flex3 to python code present on App Engine.\nCan anyone give me a hint about how to send login information from Flex to python \nAny ideas suggest me some examples.....please provide me some help \nRegards,\nRadhika","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1782,"Q_Id":854353,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Do a HTTP post from Flex to your AppEngine app using the URLRequest class.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,apache-flex,google-app-engine","A_Id":854403,"CreationDate":"2009-05-12T19:11:00.000","Title":"How to establish communication between flex and python code build on Google App Engine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Nice to meet you.\nA socket makes a program in Python by Linux (the transmission of a message) \u21d2 Windows (the reception), b\nut the following errors occur and cannot connect now.\nLinux, Windows are network connection together, and there is the authority to cut.\nsocket.error: (111, 'Connection refused')\nCould you help me!?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":619,"Q_Id":881332,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"111 means the listener is down\/not accepting connections - restart the Windows app that should be listening for connections, or disconnect any already-bound clients.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":881349,"CreationDate":"2009-05-19T07:00:00.000","Title":"Error occurs when I connect with socket in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"buildin an smtp client in python . which can send mail , and also show that mail has been received through any mail service for example gmail !!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":769,"Q_Id":892196,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Depends what you mean by \"received\". It's possible to verify \"delivery\" of a message to a server but there is no 100% reliable guarantee it actually ended up in a mailbox. smtplib will throw an exception on certain conditions (like the remote end reporting user not found) but just as often the remote end will accept the mail and then either filter it or send a bounce notice at a later time.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,smtp","A_Id":892264,"CreationDate":"2009-05-21T10:04:00.000","Title":"How would one build an smtp client in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a simple online poll application.  I have created a backend in python that handles vote tracking, poll display, results display and admin setup.  However, if I wanted a third party to be able to embed the poll in their website, what would be the recommended way of doing so?  I would love to be able to provide a little javascript to drop into the third parties web page, but I can't use javascript because it would require a cross-domain access.  What approach would provide an easy general solution for third parties?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":552,"Q_Id":903104,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Make your app into a Google Gadget, Open Social gadget, or other kind of gadgets -- these are all designed to be embeddable into third-party pages with as little fuss as possible.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,cross-domain","A_Id":903112,"CreationDate":"2009-05-24T04:53:00.000","Title":"How to embed a Poll in a Web Page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to write a script which can automatically download gameplay videos. The webpages look like dota.sgamer.com\/Video\/Detail\/402 and www.wfbrood.com\/movie\/spl2009\/movie_38214.html, they have flv player embedded in the flash plugin.\nIs there any library to help me find out the exact flv urls? or any other ideas to get it?\nMany thanks for your replies","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":382,"Q_Id":905403,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if the embed player makes use of some variable where the flv path is set then you can download it, if not.. I doubt you find something to do it \"automaticly\" since every site make it's own player and identify the file by id not by path, which makes hard to know where the flv file is.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,download,flv","A_Id":905451,"CreationDate":"2009-05-25T05:07:00.000","Title":"Is there any library to find out urls of embedded flvs in a webpage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have this-\n\nen.wikipedia.org\/w\/api.php?action=login&lgname=user&lgpassword=password\n\nBut it doesn't work because it is a get request.  What would the the post request version of this?\nCheers!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":276,"Q_Id":909929,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Since your sample is in PHP, use $_REQUEST, this holds the contents of both $_GET and $_POST.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,forms,post,get","A_Id":909975,"CreationDate":"2009-05-26T10:11:00.000","Title":"Changing a get request to a post in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hey i have a webpage for searching a database. i would like to be able to implement cookies using python to store what a user searches for and provide them with a recently searched field when they return. is there a way to implement this using the python Cookie library??","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1329,"Q_Id":920278,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Usually, we do the following.\n\nUse a framework.\nEstablish a session.  Ideally, ask for a username of some kind.   If you don't want to ask for names or anything, you can try to the browser's IP address as the key for the session (this can turn into a nightmare, but you can try it.)\nUsing the session identification (username or IP address), save the searches in a database on your server.\nWhen the person logs in again, retrieve their query information from your local database.\n\nMoral of the story.  Don't trust the cookie to have anything it but session identification.  And even then, it will get hijacked either on purpose or accidentally.\n\nIntentional hijacking is the way one person poses as another.\nAccident hijacking occurs when multiple people share the same IP address (because they share the same computer).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cookies","A_Id":920727,"CreationDate":"2009-05-28T10:57:00.000","Title":"Using cookies with python to store searches","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know there is ftplib for ftp, shutil for local files, what about NFS? I know urllib2 can get files via HTTP\/HTTPS\/FTP\/FTPS, but it can't put files.\nIf there is a uniform library that automatically detects the protocol (FTP\/NFS\/LOCAL) with URI and deals with file transfer (get\/put) transparently, it's even better, does it exist?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1426,"Q_Id":925716,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Have a look at KDE IOSlaves. They can manage all the protocol you describe, plus a few others (samba, ssh, ...).\nYou can instantiates IOSlaves through PyKDE or if that dependency is too big, you can probably manage the ioslave from python with the subprocess module.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,file,ftp,networking,nfs","A_Id":926044,"CreationDate":"2009-05-29T12:22:00.000","Title":"Is there a uniform python library to transfer files using different protocols","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to automate a app using python. I need help to send keyboard commands through python. I am using powerBook G4.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":665,"Q_Id":939746,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To the best of my knowledge, python does not contain the ability to simulate keystrokes.  You can however use python to call a program which has the functionality that you need for OS X.  You could also write said program using Objective C most likely.\nOr you could save yourself the pain and use Automator.  Perhaps if you posted more details about what you were automating, I could add something further.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":947222,"CreationDate":"2009-06-02T14:02:00.000","Title":"How i can send the commands from keyboards using python. I am trying to automate mac app (GUI)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Goal:  simple browser app, for navigating files on a web server, in a tree view.\nBackground:  Building a web site as a learning experience, w\/ Apache, mod_python, Python code.  (No mod_wsgi yet.)\nWhat tools should I learn to write the browser tree?  I see JavaScript, Ajax, neither of which I know.  Learn them?  Grab a JS example from the web and rework?  Can such a thing be built in raw HTML?  Python I'm advanced beginner but I realize that's server side.\nIf you were going to build such a toy from scratch, what would you use?  What would be the totally easy, cheesy way, the intermediate way, the fully professional way?\nNo Django yet please -- This is an exercise in learning web programming nuts and bolts.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":552,"Q_Id":941638,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"set \"Indexes\" option to the directory in the apache config.\nTo learn how to build webapps in python, learn django.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,web-applications","A_Id":943612,"CreationDate":"2009-06-02T20:11:00.000","Title":"How to construct a web file browser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Goal:  simple browser app, for navigating files on a web server, in a tree view.\nBackground:  Building a web site as a learning experience, w\/ Apache, mod_python, Python code.  (No mod_wsgi yet.)\nWhat tools should I learn to write the browser tree?  I see JavaScript, Ajax, neither of which I know.  Learn them?  Grab a JS example from the web and rework?  Can such a thing be built in raw HTML?  Python I'm advanced beginner but I realize that's server side.\nIf you were going to build such a toy from scratch, what would you use?  What would be the totally easy, cheesy way, the intermediate way, the fully professional way?\nNo Django yet please -- This is an exercise in learning web programming nuts and bolts.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":552,"Q_Id":941638,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you want to make interactive browser, you have to learn JS and ajax. \nIf you want to build only browser based on links, python would be enough.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,web-applications","A_Id":941664,"CreationDate":"2009-06-02T20:11:00.000","Title":"How to construct a web file browser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I use python 2.4.1 on Linux, and a python package written inside the company I work in, for establishing a connection between 2 hosts for test purposes.\nUpon establishing the connection the side defined as the client side failed when calling socket.connect with the correct parameters (I checked) with the error code 111. After searching the web for this error means, I learned that it means that the connection was actively refused.\nBut the code in the package for establishing the connection is supposed to deal with it, only it knows 10061 as the error code for this same error: The connection is refused.\nCould it be that there are identical error codes for the same logical errors? Could it be that 111 is a system error of the Linux OS, as 10061 is python's or even another OS? Even so, isn't the entire concept of error codes to unify the logical errors with the same codes?\nShould I simply add the 111 error code to the handling condition?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":867,"Q_Id":961465,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"It appears Python is exposing the error code from the OS - the interpretation of the code is OS-dependent.\n111 is ECONNREFUSED on many Linux systems, and on Cygwin.\n146 is ECONNREFUSED on Solaris.\n10061 is WSAECONNREFUSED in winerror.h - it's the Windows Socket API's version of ECONNREFUSED.\nNo doubt on other systems, it's different again.\nThe correct way to handle this is use symbolic comparisons based on the OS's definition of ECONNREFUSED; that's the way you do it in C, for example. In other words, have a constant called ECONNREFUSED that has the value of ECONNREFUSED for that platform, in a platform-specific library (which will be necessary to link to the OS's socket primitives in any case), and compare error codes with the ECONNREFUSED constant, rather than magic numbers.\nI don't know what Python's standard approach to OS error codes is. I suspect it's not terribly well thought out.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,error-handling,sockets","A_Id":961484,"CreationDate":"2009-06-07T08:08:00.000","Title":"Identical Error Codes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a task to download Gbs of data from a website. The data is in form of .gz files, each file being 45mb in size.\nThe easy way to get the files is use \"wget -r -np -A files url\". This will donwload data in a recursive format and mirrors the website. The donwload rate is very high 4mb\/sec.\nBut, just to play around I was also using python to build my urlparser.\nDownloading via Python's urlretrieve is damm slow, possible 4 times as slow as wget. The download rate is 500kb\/sec. I use HTMLParser for parsing the href tags.\nI am not sure why is this happening. Are there any settings for this.\nThanks","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":37225,"Q_Id":974741,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There shouldn't be a difference really.  All urlretrieve does is make a simple HTTP GET request.  Have you taken out your data processing code and done a straight throughput comparison of wget vs. pure python?","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,urllib2,wget","A_Id":975759,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T10:18:00.000","Title":"wget Vs urlretrieve of python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a task to download Gbs of data from a website. The data is in form of .gz files, each file being 45mb in size.\nThe easy way to get the files is use \"wget -r -np -A files url\". This will donwload data in a recursive format and mirrors the website. The donwload rate is very high 4mb\/sec.\nBut, just to play around I was also using python to build my urlparser.\nDownloading via Python's urlretrieve is damm slow, possible 4 times as slow as wget. The download rate is 500kb\/sec. I use HTMLParser for parsing the href tags.\nI am not sure why is this happening. Are there any settings for this.\nThanks","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":37225,"Q_Id":974741,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Please show us some code. I'm pretty sure that it has to be with the code and not on urlretrieve. \nI've worked with it in the past and never had any speed related issues.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,urllib2,wget","A_Id":976135,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T10:18:00.000","Title":"wget Vs urlretrieve of python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a task to download Gbs of data from a website. The data is in form of .gz files, each file being 45mb in size.\nThe easy way to get the files is use \"wget -r -np -A files url\". This will donwload data in a recursive format and mirrors the website. The donwload rate is very high 4mb\/sec.\nBut, just to play around I was also using python to build my urlparser.\nDownloading via Python's urlretrieve is damm slow, possible 4 times as slow as wget. The download rate is 500kb\/sec. I use HTMLParser for parsing the href tags.\nI am not sure why is this happening. Are there any settings for this.\nThanks","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":37225,"Q_Id":974741,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use wget -k to engage relative links in all urls.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,urllib2,wget","A_Id":2350655,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T10:18:00.000","Title":"wget Vs urlretrieve of python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a task to download Gbs of data from a website. The data is in form of .gz files, each file being 45mb in size.\nThe easy way to get the files is use \"wget -r -np -A files url\". This will donwload data in a recursive format and mirrors the website. The donwload rate is very high 4mb\/sec.\nBut, just to play around I was also using python to build my urlparser.\nDownloading via Python's urlretrieve is damm slow, possible 4 times as slow as wget. The download rate is 500kb\/sec. I use HTMLParser for parsing the href tags.\nI am not sure why is this happening. Are there any settings for this.\nThanks","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0199973338,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":37225,"Q_Id":974741,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Since python suggests using urllib2 instead of urllib, I take a test between urllib2.urlopen and wget.\nThe result is, it takes nearly the same time for both of them to download the same file.Sometimes, urllib2 performs even better. \nThe advantage of wget lies in a dynamic progress bar to show the percent finished and the current download speed when transferring.\nThe file size in my test is 5MB.I haven't used any cache module in python and I am not aware of how wget works when downloading big size file.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,urllib2,wget","A_Id":7782898,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T10:18:00.000","Title":"wget Vs urlretrieve of python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a task to download Gbs of data from a website. The data is in form of .gz files, each file being 45mb in size.\nThe easy way to get the files is use \"wget -r -np -A files url\". This will donwload data in a recursive format and mirrors the website. The donwload rate is very high 4mb\/sec.\nBut, just to play around I was also using python to build my urlparser.\nDownloading via Python's urlretrieve is damm slow, possible 4 times as slow as wget. The download rate is 500kb\/sec. I use HTMLParser for parsing the href tags.\nI am not sure why is this happening. Are there any settings for this.\nThanks","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0199973338,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":37225,"Q_Id":974741,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Maybe you can wget and then inspect the data in Python?","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,urllib2,wget","A_Id":974809,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T10:18:00.000","Title":"wget Vs urlretrieve of python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering when dealing with a web service API that returns XML, whether it's better (faster) to just call the external service each time and parse the XML (using ElementTree) for display on your site or to save the records into the database (after parsing it once or however many times you need to each day) and make database calls instead for that same information.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":856,"Q_Id":978581,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Consuming the webservices is more efficient because there are a lot more things you can do to scale your webservices and webserver (via caching, etc.).  By consuming the middle layer, you also have the options to change the returned data format (e.g. you can decide to use JSON rather than XML).  Scaling database is much harder (involving replication, etc.) so in general, reduce hits on DB if you can.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,django,parsing","A_Id":978590,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T23:09:00.000","Title":"Is it more efficient to parse external XML or to hit the database?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering when dealing with a web service API that returns XML, whether it's better (faster) to just call the external service each time and parse the XML (using ElementTree) for display on your site or to save the records into the database (after parsing it once or however many times you need to each day) and make database calls instead for that same information.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":856,"Q_Id":978581,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends from case to case, you'll have to measure (or at least make an educated guess).\nYou'll have to consider several things.\nWeb service\n\nit might hit database itself\nit can be cached\nit will introduce network latency and might be unreliable\nor it could be in local network and faster than accessing even local disk\n\nDB\n\nmight be slow since it needs to access disk (although databases have internal caches, but those are usually not targeted)\nshould be reliable\n\nTechnology itself doesn't mean much in terms of speed - in one case database parses SQL, in other XML parser parses XML, and database is usually acessed via socket as well, so you have both parsing and network in either case.\nCaching data in your application if applicable is probably a good idea.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,django,parsing","A_Id":978717,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T23:09:00.000","Title":"Is it more efficient to parse external XML or to hit the database?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering when dealing with a web service API that returns XML, whether it's better (faster) to just call the external service each time and parse the XML (using ElementTree) for display on your site or to save the records into the database (after parsing it once or however many times you need to each day) and make database calls instead for that same information.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":856,"Q_Id":978581,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is not enough information to be able to say for sure in the general case. Why don't you do some tests and find out? Since it sounds like you are using python you will probably want to use the timeit module.\nSome things that could effect the result:\n\nPerformance of the web service you are using\nReliability of the web service you are using\nDistance between servers\nAmount of data being returned\n\nI would guess that if it is cacheable, that a cached version of the data will be faster, but that does not necessarily mean using a local RDBMS, it might mean something like memcached or an in memory cache in your application.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,django,parsing","A_Id":978603,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T23:09:00.000","Title":"Is it more efficient to parse external XML or to hit the database?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering when dealing with a web service API that returns XML, whether it's better (faster) to just call the external service each time and parse the XML (using ElementTree) for display on your site or to save the records into the database (after parsing it once or however many times you need to each day) and make database calls instead for that same information.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":856,"Q_Id":978581,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As a few people have said, it depends, and you should test it.\nOften external services are slow, and caching them locally (in a database in memory, e.g., with memcached) is faster.  But perhaps not.\nFortunately, it's cheap and easy to test.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,django,parsing","A_Id":978773,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T23:09:00.000","Title":"Is it more efficient to parse external XML or to hit the database?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering when dealing with a web service API that returns XML, whether it's better (faster) to just call the external service each time and parse the XML (using ElementTree) for display on your site or to save the records into the database (after parsing it once or however many times you need to each day) and make database calls instead for that same information.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":9,"Score":-0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":856,"Q_Id":978581,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"It sounds like you essentially want to cache results, and are wondering if it's worth it. But if so, I would NOT use a database (I assume you are thinking of a relational DB): RDBMSs are not good for caching; even though many use them. You don't need persistence nor ACID.\nIf choice was between Oracle\/MySQL and external web service, I would start with just using service.\nInstead, consider real caching systems; local or not (memcache, simple in-memory caches etc).\nOr if you must use a DB, use key\/value store, BDB works well. Store response message in its serialized form (XML), try to fetch from cache, if not, from service, parse. Or if there's a convenient and more compact serialization, store and fetch that.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,django,parsing","A_Id":979028,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T23:09:00.000","Title":"Is it more efficient to parse external XML or to hit the database?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering when dealing with a web service API that returns XML, whether it's better (faster) to just call the external service each time and parse the XML (using ElementTree) for display on your site or to save the records into the database (after parsing it once or however many times you need to each day) and make database calls instead for that same information.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":856,"Q_Id":978581,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Test definitely.  As a rule of thumb, XML is good for communicating between apps, but once you have the data inside of your app, everything should go into a database table.  This may not apply in all cases, but 95% of the time it has for me.  Anytime I ever tried to store data any other way (ex. XML in a content management system) I ended up wishing I would have just used good old sprocs and sql server.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,django,parsing","A_Id":978864,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T23:09:00.000","Title":"Is it more efficient to parse external XML or to hit the database?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering when dealing with a web service API that returns XML, whether it's better (faster) to just call the external service each time and parse the XML (using ElementTree) for display on your site or to save the records into the database (after parsing it once or however many times you need to each day) and make database calls instead for that same information.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":9,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":856,"Q_Id":978581,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Everyone is being very polite in answering this question: \"it depends\"... \"you should test\"... and so forth.\nTrue, the question does not go into great detail about the application and network topographies involved, but if the question is even being asked, then it's likely a) the DB is \"local\" to the application (on the same subnet, or the same machine, or in memory), and b) the webservice is not. After all, the OP uses the phrases \"external service\" and \"display on your own site.\" The phrase \"parsing it once or however many times you need to each day\" also suggests a set of data that doesn't exactly change every second.\nThe classic SOA myth is that the network is always available; going a step further, I'd say it's a myth that the network is always available with low latency. Unless your own internal systems are crap, sending an HTTP query across the Internet will always be slower than a query to a local DB or DB cluster. There are any number of reasons for this: number of hops to the remote server, outage or degradation issues that you can't control on the remote end, and the internal processing time for the remote web service application to analyze your request, hit its own persistence backend (aka DB), and return a result.\nFire up your app. Do some latency and response times to your DB. Now do the same to a remote web service. Unless your DB is also across the Internet, you'll notice a huge difference.\nIt's not at all hard for a competent technologist to scale a DB, or for you to completely remove the DB from caching using memcached and other paradigms; the latency between servers sitting near each other in the datacentre is monumentally less than between machines over the Internet (and more secure, to boot). Even if achieving this scale requires some thought, it's under your control, unlike a remote web service whose scaling and latency are totally opaque to you. I, for one, would not be too happy with the idea that the availability and responsiveness of my site are based on someone else entirely.\nFinally, what happens if the remote web service is unavailable? Imagine a world where every request to your site involves a request over the Internet to some other site. What happens if that other site is unavailable? Do your users watch a spinning cursor of death for several hours? Do they enjoy an Error 500 while your site borks on this unexpected external dependency? \nIf you find yourself adopting an architecture whose fundamental features depend on a remote Internet call for every request, think very carefully about your application before deciding if you can live with the consequences.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,django,parsing","A_Id":978857,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T23:09:00.000","Title":"Is it more efficient to parse external XML or to hit the database?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering when dealing with a web service API that returns XML, whether it's better (faster) to just call the external service each time and parse the XML (using ElementTree) for display on your site or to save the records into the database (after parsing it once or however many times you need to each day) and make database calls instead for that same information.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":856,"Q_Id":978581,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It depends - who is calling the web service? Is the web service called every time the user hits the page? If that's the case I'd recommend introducing a caching layer of some sort - many web service API's throttle the amount of hits you can make per hour.\nWhether you choose to parse the cached XML on the fly or call the data from a database probably won't matter (unless we are talking enterprise scaling here). Personally, I'd much rather make a simple SQL call than write a DOM Parser (which is much more prone to exceptional scenarios).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,django,parsing","A_Id":978607,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T23:09:00.000","Title":"Is it more efficient to parse external XML or to hit the database?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering when dealing with a web service API that returns XML, whether it's better (faster) to just call the external service each time and parse the XML (using ElementTree) for display on your site or to save the records into the database (after parsing it once or however many times you need to each day) and make database calls instead for that same information.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":9,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":856,"Q_Id":978581,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"First off -- measure.  Don't just assume that one is better or worse than the other.\nSecond, if you really don't want to measure, I'd guess the database is a bit faster (assuming the database is relatively local compared to the web service).  Network latency usually is more than parse time unless we're talking a really complex database or really complex XML.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,django,parsing","A_Id":978593,"CreationDate":"2009-06-10T23:09:00.000","Title":"Is it more efficient to parse external XML or to hit the database?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I tried using the ssl module in Python 2.6 but I was told that it wasn't available. After installing OpenSSL, I recompiled 2.6 but the problem persists.\nAny suggestions?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7646,"Q_Id":979551,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Did you install the OpenSSL development libraries?  I had to install openssl-devel on CentOS, for example.  On Ubuntu, sudo apt-get build-dep python2.5 did the trick (even for Python 2.6).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ssl,openssl","A_Id":979598,"CreationDate":"2009-06-11T05:56:00.000","Title":"Adding SSL support to Python 2.6","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I tried using the ssl module in Python 2.6 but I was told that it wasn't available. After installing OpenSSL, I recompiled 2.6 but the problem persists.\nAny suggestions?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7646,"Q_Id":979551,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Use the binaries provided by python.org or by your OS distributor.  It's a lot easier than building it yourself, and all the features are usually compiled in.\nIf you really need to build it yourself, you'll need to provide more information here about what build options you provided, what your environment is like, and perhaps provide some logs.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ssl,openssl","A_Id":996622,"CreationDate":"2009-06-11T05:56:00.000","Title":"Adding SSL support to Python 2.6","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Pythonic HTTP server that is supposed to determine client's IP. How do I do that in Python? Is there any way to get the request headers and extract it from there?\nPS: I'm using WebPy.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1464,"Q_Id":979599,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"web.env.get('REMOTE_ADDR')","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http,header,request,ip","A_Id":979637,"CreationDate":"2009-06-11T06:16:00.000","Title":"Extracting IP from request in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have installed lxml which was built using a standalone version of libxml2. Reason for this was that the lxml needed a later version of libxml2 than what was currently installed.\nWhen I use the lxml module how do I tell it (python) where to find the correct version of the libxml2 shared library?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2097,"Q_Id":985155,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Assuming you're talking about a .so file, it's not up to Python to find it -- it's up to the operating system's dynamic library loaded.  For Linux, for example, LD_LIBRARY_PATH is the environment variable you need to set.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python","A_Id":985176,"CreationDate":"2009-06-12T05:28:00.000","Title":"How to specify native library search path for python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a django application hosted on webfaction which now has a static\/private ip.\nOur network in the office is obviously behind a firewall and the AD server is running behind this firewall. From inside the network i can authenticate using python-ldap with the AD's internal IP address and the port 389 and all works well.\nWhen i move this to the hosted webserver i change the ip address and port that has been openend up on our firewall. For simplicity the port we opened up is 389 however the requests to authenticate always timeout. When logged into webfaction and running python from the shell and querying the ipaddress i get webfactional's general ip address rather than my static ip.\nIs this whats happening when i try and auth in django? the request comes from the underlying ip address that python is running on rather than the static ip that my firewall is expecting?\nIm fairly clueless to all this networking and port mapping so any help would be much appreciated! \nHope that makes sense?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2571,"Q_Id":990459,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are quite a few components between your hosted django application and your internal AD. You will need to test each to see if everything in the pathways between them is correct.\nSo your AD server is sitting behind your firewall. Your firewall has ip \"a.b.c.d\" and all traffic to the firewall ip on port 389 is forwarded to the AD server. I would recommend that you change this to a higher more random port on your firewall, btw. Less scans there.\nWith the shell access you can test to see if you can reach your network. Have your firewall admin check the firewall logs while you try one of the following (or something similar with python) :\n\ncheck the route to your firewall (this might not work if webfaction blocks this, otherwise you will see a list of hosts along which your traffic will pass - if there is a firewall on the route somewhere you will see that your connection is lost there as this is dropped by default on most firewalls): \ntracert a.b.c.d\ndo a telnet to your firewall ip on port 389 (the telnet test will allow your firewall admin to see the connection attempts coming in on port 389 in his log. If those do arrive, that means that external comm should work fine):\ntelnet a.b.c.d 389 \n\nSimilarly, you need to check that your AD server receives these requests (check your logs) and as well can respond to them. Perhaps your AD server is not set up to talk to the firewall ?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,active-directory,ldap,webserver","A_Id":991550,"CreationDate":"2009-06-13T10:09:00.000","Title":"Python LDAP Authentication from remote web server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to use mechanize with python to get all the links of the page, and then open the links.How can I do it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8097,"Q_Id":1011975,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The Browser object in mechanize has a links method that will retrieve all the links on the page.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,mechanize","A_Id":1012022,"CreationDate":"2009-06-18T10:32:00.000","Title":"How to get links on a webpage using mechanize and open those links","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to use python to sftp a file, and the code works great in the interactive shell -- even pasting it in all at once.\nWhen I try to import the file (just to compile it), the code hangs with no exceptions or obvious errors.   \nHow do I get the code to compile, or does someone have working code that accomplishes sftp by some other method?\nThis code hangs right at the ssh.connect() statement:\n\n\"\"\" ProblemDemo.py\n    Chopped down from the paramiko demo file.\n\n    This code works in the shell but hangs when I try to import it!\n\"\"\"\nfrom time           import sleep\nimport os\n\nimport paramiko\n\n\nsOutputFilename     = \"redacted.htm\"  #-- The payload file\n\nhostname    = \"redacted.com\"\n####-- WARNING!  Embedded passwords!  Remove ASAP.\nsUsername   = \"redacted\"\nsPassword   = \"redacted\"\nsTargetDir  = \"redacted\"\n\n#-- Get host key, if we know one.\nhostkeytype = None\nhostkey     = None\nhost_keys   = {}\ntry:\n    host_keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~\/.ssh\/known_hosts'))\nexcept IOError:\n    try:\n        # try ~\/ssh\/ too, because windows can't have a folder named ~\/.ssh\/\n        host_keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~\/ssh\/known_hosts'))\n    except IOError:\n        print '*** Unable to open host keys file'\n        host_keys = {}\n\nif host_keys.has_key(hostname):\n    hostkeytype = host_keys[hostname].keys()[0]\n    hostkey     = host_keys[hostname][hostkeytype]\n    print 'Using host key of type %s' % hostkeytype\n\n\nssh     = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22))\n\nssh.connect(username=sUsername, password=sPassword, hostkey=hostkey)\n\nsftp    = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(ssh)\n\nsftp.chdir (sTargetDir)\n\nsftp.put (sOutputFilename, sOutputFilename)\n\nssh.close()","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6518,"Q_Id":1013064,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Weirdness aside, I was just using import to compile the code.   Turning the script into a function seems like an unnecessary complication for this kind of application.\nSearched for alternate means to compile and found:\n\nimport py_compile\npy_compile.compile(\"ProblemDemo.py\")\n\nThis generated a pyc file that works as intended.\nSo the lesson learned is that import is not a robust way to compile python scripts.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,shell,compilation,sftp","A_Id":1013366,"CreationDate":"2009-06-18T14:45:00.000","Title":"Why does this python code hang on import\/compile but work in the shell?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have formatted text (with newlines, tabs, etc.) coming in from a Telnet connection.  I have a python script that manages the Telnet connection and embeds the Telnet response in XML that then gets passed through an XSLT transform.  How do I pass that XML through the transform without losing the original formatting?  I have access to the transformation script and the python script but not the transform invocation itself.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":223,"Q_Id":1015816,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Data stored in XML comes out the same way it goes in. So if you store the text in an element, no whitespace and newlines are lost unless you tamper with the data in the XSLT. \nEnclosing the text in CDATA is unnecessary unless there is some formatting that is invalid in XML (pointy brackets, ampersands, quotes) and you don't want to XML-escape the text under any circumstances. This is up to you, but in any case XML-escaping is completely transparent when the XML is handled with an XML-aware tool chain.\nTo answer your question more specifically, you need to show some input, the essential part of the transformation, and some output.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xslt","A_Id":1016919,"CreationDate":"2009-06-19T00:02:00.000","Title":"Passing Formatted Text Through XSLT","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to build some statistics for an email group I participate. Is there any Python API to access the email data on a GoogleGroup?\nAlso, I know some statistics are available on the group's main page. I'm looking for something more complex than what is shown there.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1163,"Q_Id":1017794,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"There isn't an API that I know of, however you can access the XML feed and manipulate it as required.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,google-groups","A_Id":1017810,"CreationDate":"2009-06-19T12:48:00.000","Title":"Is there an API to access a Google Group data?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am tired of clicking \"File\" and then \"Save Page As\" in Firefox when I want to save some websites.\nIs there any script to do this in Python? I would like to save the pictures and css files so that when I read it offline, it looks normal.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2633,"Q_Id":1035825,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Like Cobbal stated, this is largely what wget is designed to do. I believe there's some flags\/arguments that you can set to make it download the entire page, CSS + all. I suggest just alias-ing into something more convenient to type, or tossing it into a quick script.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python","A_Id":1035855,"CreationDate":"2009-06-23T23:40:00.000","Title":"Any Python Script to Save Websites Like Firefox?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to write a Python-based Web Bot that can read and interpret an HTML page, then execute an onClick function and receive the resulting new HTML page. I can already read the HTML page and I can determine the functions to be called by the onClick command, but I have no idea how to execute those functions or how to receive the resulting HTML code.\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6042,"Q_Id":1036660,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well obviously python won't interpret the JS for you (though there may be modules out there that can). I suppose you need to convert the JS instructions to equivalent transformations in Python.\nI suppose ElementTree or BeautifulSoup would be good starting points to interpret the HTML structure.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,html,bots","A_Id":1036758,"CreationDate":"2009-06-24T06:15:00.000","Title":"Python Web-based Bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to write a Python-based Web Bot that can read and interpret an HTML page, then execute an onClick function and receive the resulting new HTML page. I can already read the HTML page and I can determine the functions to be called by the onClick command, but I have no idea how to execute those functions or how to receive the resulting HTML code.\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6042,"Q_Id":1036660,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Why don't you just sniff what gets sent after the onclick event and replicate that with your bot?","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,html,bots","A_Id":5873989,"CreationDate":"2009-06-24T06:15:00.000","Title":"Python Web-based Bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What's the Fastest way to get a large number of files (relatively small 10-50kB) from Amazon S3 from Python? (In the order of 200,000 - million files). \nAt the moment I am using boto to generate Signed URLs, and using PyCURL to get the files one by one. \nWould some type of concurrency help? PyCurl.CurlMulti object? \nI am open to all suggestions. Thanks!","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3744,"Q_Id":1051275,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I don't know anything about python, but in general you would want to break the task down into smaller chunks so that they can be run concurrently.  You could break it down by file type, or alphabetical or something, and then run a separate script for each portion of the break down.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,curl,amazon-s3,amazon-web-services,boto","A_Id":1051338,"CreationDate":"2009-06-26T21:02:00.000","Title":"Downloading a Large Number of Files from S3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What's the Fastest way to get a large number of files (relatively small 10-50kB) from Amazon S3 from Python? (In the order of 200,000 - million files). \nAt the moment I am using boto to generate Signed URLs, and using PyCURL to get the files one by one. \nWould some type of concurrency help? PyCurl.CurlMulti object? \nI am open to all suggestions. Thanks!","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3744,"Q_Id":1051275,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've been using txaws with twisted for S3 work, though what you'd probably want is just to get the authenticated URL and use twisted.web.client.DownloadPage (by default will happily go from stream to file without much interaction).\nTwisted makes it easy to run at whatever concurrency you want.  For something on the order of 200,000, I'd probably make a generator and use a cooperator to set my concurrency and just let the generator generate every required download request.\nIf you're not familiar with twisted, you'll find the model takes a bit of time to get used to, but it's oh so worth it.  In this case, I'd expect it to take minimal CPU and memory overhead, but you'd have to worry about file descriptors.  It's quite easy to mix in perspective broker and farm the work out to multiple machines should you find yourself needing more file descriptors or if you have multiple connections over which you'd like it to pull down.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,curl,amazon-s3,amazon-web-services,boto","A_Id":1051408,"CreationDate":"2009-06-26T21:02:00.000","Title":"Downloading a Large Number of Files from S3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to write a script that connects to a bunch of sites on our corporate intranet over HTTPS and verifies that their SSL certificates are valid; that they are not expired, that they are issued for the correct address, etc.  We use our own internal corporate Certificate Authority for these sites, so we have the public key of the CA to verify the certificates against.\nPython by default just accepts and uses SSL certificates when using HTTPS, so even if a certificate is invalid, Python libraries such as urllib2 and Twisted will just happily use the certificate.\nHow do I verify a certificate in Python?","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0181798149,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":206011,"Q_Id":1087227,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I was having the same problem but wanted to minimize 3rd party dependencies (because this one-off script was to be executed by many users). My solution was to wrap a curl call and make sure that the exit code was 0. Worked like a charm.","Q_Score":87,"Tags":"python","A_Id":20517707,"CreationDate":"2009-07-06T14:17:00.000","Title":"Validate SSL certificates with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have my web page in python, I am able to get the IP address of the user, who will be accessing our web page, we want to get the mac address of the user's PC, is it possible in python, we are using Linux PC, we want to get it on Linux.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7015,"Q_Id":1092379,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"All you can access is what the user sends to you.\nMAC address is not part of that data.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-3.x","A_Id":1092392,"CreationDate":"2009-07-07T13:35:00.000","Title":"want to get mac address of remote PC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing an application to test a network driver for handling corrupted data. And I thought of sending this data using raw socket, so it will not be corrected by the sending machine's TCP-IP stack.\nI am writing this application solely on Linux. I have code examples of using raw sockets in system-calls, but I would really like to keep my test as dynamic as possible, and write most if not all of it in Python.\nI have googled the web a bit for explanations and examples of the usage of raw sockets in python, but haven't found anything really enlightening. Just a a very old code example that demonstrates the idea, but in no means work.\nFrom what I gathered, Raw Socket usage in Python is nearly identical in semantics to UNIX's raw socket, but without the structs that define the packets structure.\nI was wondering if it would even be better not to write the raw socket part of the test in Python, but in C with system-calls, and call it from the main Python code?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":109072,"Q_Id":1117958,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Eventually the best solution for this case was to write the entire thing in C, because it's not a big application, so it would've incurred greater penalty to write such a small thing in more than 1 language.\nAfter much toying with both the C and python RAW sockets, I eventually preferred the C RAW sockets. RAW sockets require bit-level modifications of less than 8 bit groups for writing the packet headers. Sometimes writing only 4 bits or less. python defines no assistance to this, whereas Linux C has a full API for this.\nBut I definitely believe that if only this little bit of header initialization was handled conveniently in python, I would've never used C here.","Q_Score":46,"Tags":"python,sockets,raw-sockets","A_Id":1186810,"CreationDate":"2009-07-13T06:36:00.000","Title":"How Do I Use Raw Socket in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"To be more specific, I'm using python and making a pool of HTTPConnection (httplib) and was wondering if there is an limit on the number of concurrent HTTP connections on a windows server.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4587,"Q_Id":1121951,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"AFAIK, the numbers of internet sockets (necessary to make TCP\/IP connections) is naturally limited on every machine, but it's pretty high. 1000 simulatneous connections shouldn't be a problem for the client machine, as each socket uses only little memory. If you start receiving data through all these channels, this might change though. I've heard of test setups that created a couple of thousands connections simultaneously from a single client.\nThe story is usually different for the server, when it does heavy lifting for each incoming connection (like forking off a worker process etc.). 1000 incoming connections will impact its performance, and coming from the same client they can easily be taken for a DoS attack. I hope you're in charge of both the client and the server... or is it the same machine?","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python","A_Id":1122107,"CreationDate":"2009-07-13T20:48:00.000","Title":"What is the maximum simultaneous HTTP connections allowed on one machine (windows server 2008) using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can't run firefox from a sudoed python script that drops privileges to normal user. If i write\n\n$ sudo python\n>>> import os\n>>> import pwd, grp\n>>> uid = pwd.getpwnam('norby')[2]\n>>> gid = grp.getgrnam('norby')[2]\n>>> os.setegid(gid)\n>>> os.seteuid(uid)\n>>> import webbrowser\n>>> webbrowser.get('firefox').open('www.google.it')\nTrue\n>>> # It returns true but doesn't work\n>>> from subprocess import Popen,PIPE\n>>> p = Popen('firefox www.google.it', shell=True,stdout=PIPE,stderr=PIPE)\n>>> # Doesn't execute the command\n>>> You shouldn't really run Iceweasel through sudo WITHOUT the -H option.\nContinuing as if you used the -H option.\nNo protocol specified\nError: cannot open display: :0\n\n\nI think that is not a python problem, but firefox\/iceweasel\/debian configuration problem. Maybe firefox read only UID and not EUID, and doesn't execute process because UID is equal 0. What do you think about?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":903,"Q_Id":1139835,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This could be your environment.  Changing the permissions will still leave environment variables like $HOME pointing at the root user's directory, which will be inaccessible.  It may be worth trying altering these variables by changing os.environ before launching the browser.  There may also be other variables worth checking.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,browser,debian,uid","A_Id":1140199,"CreationDate":"2009-07-16T19:38:00.000","Title":"Python fails to execute firefox webbrowser from a root executed script with privileges drop","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I\u2019m looking for a quick way to get an HTTP response code from a URL (i.e. 200, 404, etc).  I\u2019m not sure which library to use.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0748596907,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":153420,"Q_Id":1140661,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The urllib2.HTTPError exception does not contain a getcode() method. Use the code attribute instead.","Q_Score":90,"Tags":"python","A_Id":1491225,"CreationDate":"2009-07-16T22:27:00.000","Title":"What\u2019s the best way to get an HTTP response code from a URL?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a large xml file (40 Gb) that I need to split into smaller chunks. I am working with limited space, so is there a way to delete lines from the original file as I write them to new files?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":-0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1833,"Q_Id":1145286,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Its a time to buy a new hard drive!\nYou can make backup before trying all other answers and don't get data lost :)","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,file","A_Id":1148604,"CreationDate":"2009-07-17T19:41:00.000","Title":"Change python file in place","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a large xml file (40 Gb) that I need to split into smaller chunks. I am working with limited space, so is there a way to delete lines from the original file as I write them to new files?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1833,"Q_Id":1145286,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm pretty sure there is, as I've even been able to edit\/read from the source files of scripts I've run, but the biggest problem would probably be all the shifting that would be done if you started at the beginning of the file. On the other hand, if you go through the file and record all the starting positions of the lines, you could then go in reverse order of position to copy the lines out; once that's done, you could go back, take the new files, one at a time, and (if they're small enough), use readlines() to generate a list, reverse the order of the list, then seek to the beginning of the file and overwrite the lines in their old order with the lines in their new one.\n(You would truncate the file after reading the first block of lines from the end by using the truncate() method, which truncates all data past the current file position if used without any arguments besides that of the file object, assuming you're using one of the classes or a subclass of one of the classes from the io package to read your file. You'd just have to make sure that the current file position ends up at the beginning of the last line to be written to a new file.)\nEDIT: Based on your comment about having to make the separations at the proper closing tags, you'll probably also have to develop an algorithm to detect such tags (perhaps using the peek method), possibly using a regular expression.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,file","A_Id":1145329,"CreationDate":"2009-07-17T19:41:00.000","Title":"Change python file in place","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a large xml file (40 Gb) that I need to split into smaller chunks. I am working with limited space, so is there a way to delete lines from the original file as I write them to new files?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1833,"Q_Id":1145286,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If time is not a major factor (or wear and tear on your disk drive):\n\nOpen handle to file\nRead up to the size of your partition \/ logical break point (due to the xml)\nSave the rest of your file to disk (not sure how python handles this as far as directly overwriting file or memory usage)\nWrite the partition to disk\ngoto 1\n\nIf Python does not give you this level of control, you may need to dive into C.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,file","A_Id":1145341,"CreationDate":"2009-07-17T19:41:00.000","Title":"Change python file in place","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to extract some data from various HTML pages using a python program. Unfortunately, some of these pages contain user-entered data which occasionally has \"slight\" errors - namely tag mismatching.\nIs there a good way to have python's xml.dom try to correct errors or something of the sort? Alternatively, is there a better way to extract data from HTML pages which may contain errors?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":778,"Q_Id":1147090,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If jython is acceptable to you, tagsoup is very good at parsing junk - if it is, I found the jdom libraries far easier to use than other xml alternatives.\nThis is a snippet from a demo mockup to do with screen scraping from tfl's journey planner:\n\n private Document getRoutePage(HashMap params) throws Exception {\n        String uri = \"http:\/\/journeyplanner.tfl.gov.uk\/bcl\/XSLT_TRIP_REQUEST2\";\n        HttpWrapper hw = new HttpWrapper();\n        String page = hw.urlEncPost(uri, params);\n        SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(\"org.ccil.cowan.tagsoup.Parser\");\n        Reader pageReader = new StringReader(page);\n        return builder.build(pageReader);\n    }","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,dom,expat-parser","A_Id":1149208,"CreationDate":"2009-07-18T09:24:00.000","Title":"Python xml.dom and bad XML","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a dilemma where I want to create an application that manipulates google contacts information. The problem comes down to the fact that Python only supports version 1.0 of the api whilst Java supports 3.0.\nI also want it to be web-based so I'm having a look at google app engine, but it seems that only the python version of app engine supports the import of gdata apis whilst java does not.\nSo its either web based and version 1.0 of the api or non-web based and version 3.0 of the api.\nI actually need version 3.0 to get access to the extra fields provided by google contacts.\nSo my question is, is there a way to get access to the gdata api under Google App Engine using Java?\nIf not is there an ETA on when version 3.0 of the gdata api will be released for python?\nCheers.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":802,"Q_Id":1148165,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm having a look into the google data api protocol which seems to solve the problem.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,google-app-engine,gdata-api","A_Id":1149886,"CreationDate":"2009-07-18T18:08:00.000","Title":"Possible to access gdata api when using Java App Engine?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a web-app that uses several 3rd party web APIs, and I want to keep track of the low level request and responses for ad-hock analysis. So I'm looking for a recipe that will get Python's urllib2 to log all bytes transferred via HTTP. Maybe a sub-classed Handler?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3899,"Q_Id":1170744,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This looks pretty tricky to do.  There are no hooks in urllib2, urllib, or httplib (which this builds on) for intercepting either input or output data.\nThe only thing that occurs to me, other than switching tactics to use an external tool (of which there are many, and most people use such things), would be to write a subclass of socket.socket in your own new module (say, \"capture_socket\") and then insert that into httplib using \"import capture_socket; import httplib; httplib.socket = capture_socket\".  You'd have to copy all the necessary references (anything of the form \"socket.foo\" that is used in httplib) into your own module, but then you could override things like recv() and sendall() in your subclass to do what you like with the data.\nComplications would likely arise if you were using SSL, and I'm not sure whether this would be sufficient or if you'd also have to make your own socket._fileobject as well.  It appears doable though, and perusing the source in httplib.py and socket.py in the standard library would tell you more.","Q_Score":19,"Tags":"python,http,logging,urllib2","A_Id":1844608,"CreationDate":"2009-07-23T09:56:00.000","Title":"How do I get urllib2 to log ALL transferred bytes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This only needs to work on a single subnet and is not for malicious use.  \nI have a load testing tool written in Python that basically blasts HTTP requests at a URL.  I need to run performance tests against an IP-based load balancer, so the requests must come from a range of IP's.  Most commercial performance tools provide this functionality, but I want to build it into my own.\nThe tool uses Python's urllib2 for transport.  Is it possible to send HTTP requests with spoofed IP addresses for the packets making up the request?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":37293,"Q_Id":1180878,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Quick note, as I just learned this yesterday:\nI think you've implied you know this already, but any responses to an HTTP request go to the IP address that shows up in the header. So if you are wanting to see those responses, you need to have control of the router and have it set up so that the spoofed IPs are all routed back to the IP you are using to view the responses.","Q_Score":27,"Tags":"python,http,networking,sockets,urllib2","A_Id":1180897,"CreationDate":"2009-07-25T01:11:00.000","Title":"Spoofing the origination IP address of an HTTP request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This only needs to work on a single subnet and is not for malicious use.  \nI have a load testing tool written in Python that basically blasts HTTP requests at a URL.  I need to run performance tests against an IP-based load balancer, so the requests must come from a range of IP's.  Most commercial performance tools provide this functionality, but I want to build it into my own.\nThe tool uses Python's urllib2 for transport.  Is it possible to send HTTP requests with spoofed IP addresses for the packets making up the request?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":37293,"Q_Id":1180878,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I suggest seeing if you can configure your load balancer to make it's decision based on the X-Forwarded-For header, rather than the source IP of the packet containing the HTTP request.  I know that most of the significant commercial load balancers have this capability.\nIf you can't do that, then I suggest that you probably need to configure a linux box with a whole heap of secondary IP's - don't bother configuring static routes on the LB, just make your linux box the default gateway of the LB device.","Q_Score":27,"Tags":"python,http,networking,sockets,urllib2","A_Id":1186102,"CreationDate":"2009-07-25T01:11:00.000","Title":"Spoofing the origination IP address of an HTTP request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wonder what is the best way to handle parallel SSH connections in python.\nI need to open several SSH connections to keep in background and to feed commands in interactive or timed batch way.\nIs this possible to do it with the paramiko libraries? It would be nice not to spawn a different SSH process for each connection.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7048,"Q_Id":1185855,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can simply use subprocess.Popen for that purpose, without any problems.\nHowever, you might want to simply install cronjobs on the remote machines. :-)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,ssh,parallel-processing","A_Id":1185871,"CreationDate":"2009-07-26T23:19:00.000","Title":"Parallel SSH in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wonder what is the best way to handle parallel SSH connections in python.\nI need to open several SSH connections to keep in background and to feed commands in interactive or timed batch way.\nIs this possible to do it with the paramiko libraries? It would be nice not to spawn a different SSH process for each connection.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7048,"Q_Id":1185855,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Reading the paramiko API docs, it looks like it is possible to open one ssh connection, and multiplex as many ssh tunnels on top of that as are wished. Common ssh clients (openssh) often do things like this automatically behind the scene if there is already a connection open.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,ssh,parallel-processing","A_Id":1185880,"CreationDate":"2009-07-26T23:19:00.000","Title":"Parallel SSH in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wonder what is the best way to handle parallel SSH connections in python.\nI need to open several SSH connections to keep in background and to feed commands in interactive or timed batch way.\nIs this possible to do it with the paramiko libraries? It would be nice not to spawn a different SSH process for each connection.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7048,"Q_Id":1185855,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Yes, you can do this with paramiko.\nIf you're connecting to one server, you can run multiple channels through a single connection. If you're connecting to multiple servers, you can start multiple connections in separate threads. No need to manage multiple processes, although you could substitute the multiprocessing module for the threading module and have the same effect.\nI haven't looked into twisted conch in a while, but it looks like it getting updates again, which is nice. I couldn't give you a good feature comparison between the two, but I find paramiko is easier to get going. It takes a little more effort to get into twisted, but it could be well worth it if you're doing other network programming.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,ssh,parallel-processing","A_Id":1188586,"CreationDate":"2009-07-26T23:19:00.000","Title":"Parallel SSH in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wonder what is the best way to handle parallel SSH connections in python.\nI need to open several SSH connections to keep in background and to feed commands in interactive or timed batch way.\nIs this possible to do it with the paramiko libraries? It would be nice not to spawn a different SSH process for each connection.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":-0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7048,"Q_Id":1185855,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"This might not be relevant to your question. But there are tools like pssh, clusterssh etc. that can parallely spawn connections. You can couple Expect with pssh to control them too.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,ssh,parallel-processing","A_Id":1516547,"CreationDate":"2009-07-26T23:19:00.000","Title":"Parallel SSH in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've only used XML RPC and I haven't really delved into SOAP but I'm trying to find a good comprehensive guide, with real world examples or even a walkthrough of some minimal REST application.\nI'm most comfortable with Python\/PHP.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":499,"Q_Id":1186839,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I like the examples in the Richardson & Ruby book, \"RESTful Web Services\" from O'Reilly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,xml,rest,soap","A_Id":1186876,"CreationDate":"2009-07-27T07:11:00.000","Title":"Real world guide on using and\/or setting up REST web services?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web service that accepts passed in params using http POST but in a specific order, eg (name,password,data).  I have tried to use httplib but all the Python http POST libraries seem to take a dictionary, which is an unordered data structure.  Any thoughts on how to http POST params in order for Python?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":345,"Q_Id":1188737,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Why would you need a specific order in the POST parameters in the first place? As far as I know there are no requirements that POST parameter order is preserved by web servers.\nEvery language I have used, has used a dictionary type object to hold these parameters as they are inherently key\/value pairs.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":1188759,"CreationDate":"2009-07-27T15:11:00.000","Title":"Python POST ordered params","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to port some code that relies heavily on lxml from a CPython application to IronPython.\nlxml is very Pythonic and I would like to keep using it under IronPython, but it depends on libxslt and libxml2, which are C extensions.\nDoes anyone know of a workaround to allow lxml under IronPython or a version of lxml that doesn't have those C-extension dependencies?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2349,"Q_Id":1200726,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Something which you might have already considered: \nAn alternative is to first port the lxml library to IPy and then your code (depending on the code size). You might have to write some C# wrappers for the native C calls to the C extensions -- I'm not sure what issues, if any, are involved in this with regards to IPy.\nOr if the code which you are porting is small, as compared to lxml, then maybe you can just remove the lxml dependency and use the .NET XML libraries.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":".net,xml,ironpython,python,lxml","A_Id":1211395,"CreationDate":"2009-07-29T14:36:00.000","Title":"How to get lxml working under IronPython?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to raise an exception on the Server Side of an SimpleXMLRPCServer; however, all attempts get a \"Fault 1\" exception on the client side.\nRPC_Server.AbortTest()\n  File \"C:\\Python25\\lib\\xmlrpclib.py\", line 1147, in call\n    return self.__send(self.__name, args)\n  File \"C:\\Python25\\lib\\xmlrpclib.py\", line 1437, in __request\n    verbose=self.__verbose\n  File \"C:\\Python25\\lib\\xmlrpclib.py\", line 1201, in request\n    return self._parse_response(h.getfile(), sock)\n  File \"C:\\Python25\\lib\\xmlrpclib.py\", line 1340, in _parse_response\n    return u.close()\n  File \"C:\\Python25\\lib\\xmlrpclib.py\", line 787, in close\n    raise Fault(**self._stack[0])\nxmlrpclib.Fault: :Test Aborted by a RPC\nrequest\">","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":746,"Q_Id":1201507,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, this is what happens when you raise an exception on the server side. Are you expecting the SimpleXMLRPCServer to return the exception to the client?\nYou can only use objects that can be marshalled through XML. This includes\n\nboolean : The True and False constants\nintegers : Pass in directly\nfloating-point numbers : Pass in directly\nstrings : Pass in directly\narrays : Any Python sequence type containing conformable elements. Arrays are returned as lists\nstructures : A Python dictionary. Keys must be strings, values may be any conformable type. Objects of user-defined classes can be passed in; only their __dict__ attribute is transmitted.\ndates : in seconds since the epoch (pass in an instance of the DateTime class) or a  datetime.datetime instance.\nbinary data : pass in an instance of the Binary wrapper class","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,exception,simplexmlrpcserver","A_Id":1202742,"CreationDate":"2009-07-29T16:34:00.000","Title":"Sending an exception on the SimpleXMLRPCServer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I get the current Windows' browser proxy setting, as well as set them to a value?\nI know I can do this by looking in the registry at Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings\\ProxyServer, but I'm looking, if it is possible, to do this without messing directly with the registry.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":12290,"Q_Id":1201771,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"urllib module automatically retrieves settings from registry when no proxies are specified as a parameter or in the environment variables\n\nIn a Windows environment, if no proxy\n  environment variables are set, proxy\n  settings are obtained from the\n  registry\u2019s Internet Settings section.\n\nSee the documentation of urllib module referenced in the earlier post.\nTo set the proxy I assume you'll need to use the pywin32 module and modify the registry directly.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,windows,proxy,registry","A_Id":1205881,"CreationDate":"2009-07-29T17:14:00.000","Title":"How to set proxy in Windows with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to download mp3 file to users machine without his\/her consent while they are listening the song.So, next time they visit that web page they would not have to download same mp3, but palypack from the local file. this will save some bandwidth for me and for them. it something pandora used to do but I really don't know how to.\nany ideas?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":170,"Q_Id":1211363,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Don't do this.\nMost files are cached anyway.\nBut if you really want to add this (because users asked for it), make it optional (default off).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,web-applications","A_Id":1211434,"CreationDate":"2009-07-31T08:47:00.000","Title":"downloading files to users machine?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to download mp3 file to users machine without his\/her consent while they are listening the song.So, next time they visit that web page they would not have to download same mp3, but palypack from the local file. this will save some bandwidth for me and for them. it something pandora used to do but I really don't know how to.\nany ideas?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":170,"Q_Id":1211363,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You can't forcefully download files to a user without his consent. If that was possible you can only imagine what severe security flaw that would be.\nYou can do one of two things:\n\ncount on the browser to cache the media file\nserve the media via some 3rd party plugin (Flash, for example)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,web-applications","A_Id":1211370,"CreationDate":"2009-07-31T08:47:00.000","Title":"downloading files to users machine?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to limit amount of data downloaded by python's urllib2 module ? Sometimes I encounter with broken sites with sort of \/dev\/random as a page and it turns out that they use up all memory on a server.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":869,"Q_Id":1224910,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"urllib2.urlopen returns a file-like object, and you can (at least in theory) .read(N) from such an object to limit the amount of data returned to N bytes at most.\nThis approach is not entirely fool-proof, because an actively-hostile site may go to quite some lengths to fool a reasonably trusty received, like urllib2's default opener; in this case, you'll need to implement and install your own opener that knows how to guard itself against such attacks (for example, getting no more than a MB at a time from the open socket, etc, etc).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":1224950,"CreationDate":"2009-08-03T22:20:00.000","Title":"limit downloaded page size","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I try to automatically download a file from some webpage using Python, \nI get Webpage Dialog window (I use IE). The window has two buttons, such as 'Continue' and 'Cancel'. I cannot figure out how to click on the Continue Button. The problem is \nthat I don't know how to control Webpage Dialog with Python. I tried to use \nwinGuiAuto to find the controls of the window, but it fails to recognize any Button type \ncontrols... An ideas?\nSasha\nA clarification of my question:\nMy purpose is to download stock data from a certain web site. I need to perform it for many stocks so I need python to do it for me in a repetitive way. This specific site exports the data by letting me download it in Excel file by clicking a link. However after clicking the link I get a Web Page dialog box asking me if I am sure that I want to download this file. This Web page dialog is my problem - it is not an html page and it is not a regular windows dialog box. It is something else and I cannot configure how to control it with python. It has two buttons and I need to click on one of them (i.e. Continue). It seems like it is a special kind of window implemented in IE. It is distinguished by its title which looks like this: Webpage Dialog -- Download blalblabla. If I click Continue mannually it opens a regular windows dialog box (open,save,cancel) which i know how to handle with winGuiAuto library. Tried to use this library for the Webpage Dialog window with no luck. Tried to recognize the buttons with Autoit Info tool -no luck either. In fact, maybe these are not buttons, but actually links, however I cannot see the links and there is no source code visible... What I need is  someone to tell me what this Web page Dialog box is and how to control it with Python. That was my question.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2761,"Q_Id":1225686,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can't, and you don't want to. When you ask a question, try explaining what you are trying to achieve, and not just the task immediately before you. You are likely barking down the wrong path. There is some other way of doing what you are trying to do.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,dialog,webpage","A_Id":1226061,"CreationDate":"2009-08-04T04:03:00.000","Title":"How to control Webpage dialog with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a pretty intensive chat socket server written in Twisted Python, I start it using internet.TCPServer with a factory and that factory references to a protocol object that handles all communications with the client.\nHow should I make sure a protocol instance completely destroys itself once a client has disconnected?\nI've got a function named connectionLost that is fired up once a client disconnects and I try stopping all activity right there but I suspect some reactor stuff (like twisted.words instances) keep running for obsolete protocol instances.\nWhat would be the best approach to handle this?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":721,"Q_Id":1234292,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"ok, for sorting out this issue I have set a __del__ method in the protocol class and I am now logging protocol instances that have not been garbage collected within 1 minute from the time the client has disconnected. \nIf anybody has any better solution I'll still be glad to hear about it but so far I have already fixed a few potential memory leaks using this log.\nThanks!","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets,twisted,twisted.words","A_Id":1236382,"CreationDate":"2009-08-05T16:23:00.000","Title":"In Twisted Python - Make sure a protocol instance would be completely deallocated","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to find a Python library that would take an audio file (e.g. .ogg, .wav) and convert it into mp3 for playback on a webpage. \nAlso, any thoughts on setting its quality for playback would be great.\nThank you.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51200,"Q_Id":1246131,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You may use ctypes module to call functions directly from dynamic libraries. It doesn't require you to install external Python libs and it has better performance than command line tools, but it's usually harder to implement (plus of course you need to provide external library).","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"python,audio,compression","A_Id":1334217,"CreationDate":"2009-08-07T17:51:00.000","Title":"Python library for converting files to MP3 and setting their quality","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to find a Python library that would take an audio file (e.g. .ogg, .wav) and convert it into mp3 for playback on a webpage. \nAlso, any thoughts on setting its quality for playback would be great.\nThank you.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51200,"Q_Id":1246131,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Another option to avoid installing Python modules for this simple task would be to just exec \"lame\" or other command line encoder from the Python script (with the popen module.)","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"python,audio,compression","A_Id":1246816,"CreationDate":"2009-08-07T17:51:00.000","Title":"Python library for converting files to MP3 and setting their quality","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am considering programming the network related features of my application in Python instead of the C\/C++ API. The intended use of networking is to pass text messages between two instances of my application, similar to a game passing player positions as often as possible over the network.\nAlthough the python socket modules seems sufficient and mature, I want to check if there are limitations of the python module which can be a problem at a later stage of the development.\nWhat do you think of the python socket module :\n\nIs it reliable and fast enough for production quality software ?\nAre there any known limitations which can be a problem if my app. needs more complex networking other than regular client-server messaging ?\n\nThanks in advance,\nPaul","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1015,"Q_Id":1253905,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Python is a mature language that can do almost anything that you can do in C\/C++ (even direct memory access if you really want to hurt yourself).\nYou'll find that you can write beautiful code in it in a very short time, that this code is readable from the start and that it will stay readable (you will still know what it does even after returning one year later).\nThe drawback of Python is that your code will be somewhat slow. \"Somewhat\" as in \"might be too slow for certain cases\". So the usual approach is to write as much as possible in Python because it will make your app maintainable. Eventually, you might run into speed issues. That would be the time to consider to rewrite a part of your app in C.\nThe main advantages of this approach are:\n\nYou already have a running application. Translating the code from Python to C is much more simple than write it from scratch.\nYou already have a running application. After the translation of a small part of Python to C, you just have to test that small part and you can use the rest of the app (that didn't change) to do it.\nYou don't pay a price upfront. If Python is fast enough for you, you'll never have to do the optional optimization.\nPython is much, much more powerful than C. Every line of Python can do the same as 100 or even 1000 lines of C.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":1254288,"CreationDate":"2009-08-10T09:26:00.000","Title":"Suggestion Needed - Networking in Python - A good idea?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am considering programming the network related features of my application in Python instead of the C\/C++ API. The intended use of networking is to pass text messages between two instances of my application, similar to a game passing player positions as often as possible over the network.\nAlthough the python socket modules seems sufficient and mature, I want to check if there are limitations of the python module which can be a problem at a later stage of the development.\nWhat do you think of the python socket module :\n\nIs it reliable and fast enough for production quality software ?\nAre there any known limitations which can be a problem if my app. needs more complex networking other than regular client-server messaging ?\n\nThanks in advance,\nPaul","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1015,"Q_Id":1253905,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"To answer #1, I know that among other things, EVE Online (the MMO) uses a variant of Python for their server code.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":1253945,"CreationDate":"2009-08-10T09:26:00.000","Title":"Suggestion Needed - Networking in Python - A good idea?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the best way to map a network share to a windows drive using Python?\nThis share also requires a username and password.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":68179,"Q_Id":1271317,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had trouble getting this line to work: \nwin32wnet.WNetAddConnection2(win32netcon.RESOURCETYPE_DISK, drive, networkPath, None, user, password)\nBut was successful with this:\nwin32wnet.WNetAddConnection2(1, 'Z:', r'\\UNCpath\\share', None, 'login', 'password')","Q_Score":33,"Tags":"python,windows,mapping,drive","A_Id":20201066,"CreationDate":"2009-08-13T11:09:00.000","Title":"What is the best way to map windows drives using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What would be the best method to restrict access to my XMLRPC server by IP address?  I see the class CGIScript in web\/twcgi.py has a render method that is accessing the request... but I am not sure how to gain access to this request in my server.  I saw an example where someone patched twcgi.py to set environment variables and then in the server access the environment variables... but I figure there has to be a better solution.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3265,"Q_Id":1273297,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'd use a firewall on windows, or iptables on linux.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,twisted","A_Id":1273455,"CreationDate":"2009-08-13T17:03:00.000","Title":"Python Twisted: restricting access by IP address","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to scrap a page in youtube with python which has lot of ajax in it\nI've to call the java script each time to get the info. But i'm not really sure how to go about it. I'm using the urllib2 module to open URLs. Any help would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4364,"Q_Id":1281075,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Here is how I would do it: Install Firebug on Firefox, then turn the NET on in firebug and click on the desired link on YouTube. Now see what happens and what pages are requested. Find the one that are responsible for the AJAX part of page. Now you can use urllib or Mechanize to fetch the link. If you CAN pull the same content this way, then you have what you are looking for, then just parse the content. If you CAN'T pull the content this way, then that would suggest that the requested page might be looking at user login credentials, sessions info or other header fields such as HTTP_REFERER ... etc. Then you might want to look at something more extensive like the scrapy ... etc.  I would suggest that you always follow the simple path first. Good luck and happy \"responsibly\" scraping! :)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ajax,screen-scraping","A_Id":3134226,"CreationDate":"2009-08-15T03:34:00.000","Title":"Scraping Ajax - Using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"suppose, I need to perform a set of procedure on a particular website\nsay, fill some forms, click submit button, send the data back to server, receive the response, again do something based on the response and send the data back to the server of the website.\nI know there is a webbrowser module in python, but I want to do this without invoking any web browser. It hast to be a pure script.\nIs there a module available in python, which can help me do that?\nthanks","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108234,"Q_Id":1292817,"Users Score":19,"Answer":"selenium will do exactly what you want and it handles javascript","Q_Score":29,"Tags":"python,browser-automation","A_Id":3486971,"CreationDate":"2009-08-18T09:23:00.000","Title":"How to automate browsing using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"suppose, I need to perform a set of procedure on a particular website\nsay, fill some forms, click submit button, send the data back to server, receive the response, again do something based on the response and send the data back to the server of the website.\nI know there is a webbrowser module in python, but I want to do this without invoking any web browser. It hast to be a pure script.\nIs there a module available in python, which can help me do that?\nthanks","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0133325433,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108234,"Q_Id":1292817,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The best solution that i have found (and currently implementing) is :\n- scripts in python using selenium webdriver\n- PhantomJS headless browser (if firefox is used you will have a GUI and will be slower)","Q_Score":29,"Tags":"python,browser-automation","A_Id":20679640,"CreationDate":"2009-08-18T09:23:00.000","Title":"How to automate browsing using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"suppose, I need to perform a set of procedure on a particular website\nsay, fill some forms, click submit button, send the data back to server, receive the response, again do something based on the response and send the data back to the server of the website.\nI know there is a webbrowser module in python, but I want to do this without invoking any web browser. It hast to be a pure script.\nIs there a module available in python, which can help me do that?\nthanks","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108234,"Q_Id":1292817,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"httplib2 + beautifulsoup\nUse firefox + firebug + httpreplay to see what the javascript passes to and from the browser from the website. Using httplib2 you can essentially do the same via post and get","Q_Score":29,"Tags":"python,browser-automation","A_Id":3988708,"CreationDate":"2009-08-18T09:23:00.000","Title":"How to automate browsing using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing an FTP client in Python ftplib. How do I add proxies support to it (most FTP apps I have seen seem to have it)? I'm especially thinking about SOCKS proxies, but also other types... FTP, HTTP (is it even possible to use HTTP proxies with FTP program?)\nAny ideas how to do it?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":18202,"Q_Id":1293518,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Standard module ftplib doesn't support proxies. It seems the only solution is to write your own customized version of the ftplib.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,proxy,ftp,ftplib","A_Id":1293579,"CreationDate":"2009-08-18T12:28:00.000","Title":"Proxies in Python FTP application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Long story short, I created a new gmail account, and linked several other accounts to it (each with 1000s of messages), which I am importing. All imported messages arrive as unread, but I need them to appear as read.\nI have a little experience with python, but I've only used mail and imaplib modules for sending mail, not processing accounts.\nIs there a way to bulk process all items in an inbox, and simply mark messages older than a specified date as read?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5833,"Q_Id":1296446,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Just go to the Gmail web interface, do an advanced search by date, then select all and mark as read.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,email,gmail,imap,pop3","A_Id":1296476,"CreationDate":"2009-08-18T20:52:00.000","Title":"Parse Gmail with Python and mark all older than date as \"read\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Long story short, I created a new gmail account, and linked several other accounts to it (each with 1000s of messages), which I am importing. All imported messages arrive as unread, but I need them to appear as read.\nI have a little experience with python, but I've only used mail and imaplib modules for sending mail, not processing accounts.\nIs there a way to bulk process all items in an inbox, and simply mark messages older than a specified date as read?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5833,"Q_Id":1296446,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Rather than try to parse our HTML why not just use the IMAP interface? Hook it up to a standard mail client and then just sort by date and mark whichever ones you want as read.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,email,gmail,imap,pop3","A_Id":1296465,"CreationDate":"2009-08-18T20:52:00.000","Title":"Parse Gmail with Python and mark all older than date as \"read\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have setup the logging module for my new python script.  I have two handlers, one sending stuff to a file, and one for email alerts.  The SMTPHandler is setup to mail anything at the ERROR level or above.\nEverything works great, unless the SMTP connection fails.  If the SMTP server does not respond or authentication fails (it requires SMTP auth), then the whole script dies.\nI am fairly new to python, so I am trying to figure out how to capture the exception that the SMTPHandler is raising so that any problems sending the log message via email won't bring down my entire script.  Since I am also writing errors to a log file, if the SMTP alert fails, I just want to keep going, not halt anything.\nIf I need a \"try:\" statement, would it go around the logging.handlers.SMTPHandler setup, or around the individual calls to my_logger.error()?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1574,"Q_Id":1304593,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You probably need to do both. To figure this out, I suggest to install a local mail server and use that. This way, you can shut it down while your script runs and note down the error message.\nTo keep the code maintainable, you should extends SMTPHandler in such a way that you can handle the exceptions in a single place (instead of wrapping every logger call with try-except).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,logging,handler","A_Id":1304622,"CreationDate":"2009-08-20T07:45:00.000","Title":"Python logging SMTPHandler - handling offline SMTP server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to make a cURL request to a https URL, but I have to go through a proxy as well.  Is there some problem with doing this?  I have been having so much trouble doing this with curl and php, that I tried doing it with urllib2 in Python, only to find that urllib2 cannot POST to https when going through a proxy.  I haven't been able to find any documentation to this effect with cURL, but I was wondering if anyone knew if this was an issue?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9009,"Q_Id":1308760,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No problem since the proxy server supports the CONNECT method.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"php,python,curl,https,urllib2","A_Id":1308768,"CreationDate":"2009-08-20T20:56:00.000","Title":"cURL: https through a proxy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to simulate multiple embedded server devices that are typically used for motor control.  In real life, there can be multiple servers on the network and our desktop software acts as a client to all the motor servers simultaneously.  We have a half-dozen of these motor control servers on hand for basic testing, but it's getting expensive to test bigger systems with the real hardware.  I'd like to build a simulator that can look like many servers on the network to test our client software.\nHow can I build a simulator that will look like it has many IP addresses on the same port without physically having many NIC's.  For example, the client software will try to connect to servers 192.168.10.1 thru 192.168.10.50 on port 1111.  The simulator will accept all of those connections and run simulations as if it were moving physical motors and send back simulated data on those socket connections.\nCan I use a router to map all of those addresses to a single testing server, or ideally, is there a way to use localhost to 'spoof' those IP addresses?  The client software is written in .Net, but Python ideas would be welcomed as well.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9577,"Q_Id":1308879,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Normally you just listen on 0.0.0.0. This is an alias for all IP addresses.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":".net,python,networking,sockets","A_Id":1308897,"CreationDate":"2009-08-20T21:17:00.000","Title":"Simulate multiple IP addresses for testing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to simulate multiple embedded server devices that are typically used for motor control.  In real life, there can be multiple servers on the network and our desktop software acts as a client to all the motor servers simultaneously.  We have a half-dozen of these motor control servers on hand for basic testing, but it's getting expensive to test bigger systems with the real hardware.  I'd like to build a simulator that can look like many servers on the network to test our client software.\nHow can I build a simulator that will look like it has many IP addresses on the same port without physically having many NIC's.  For example, the client software will try to connect to servers 192.168.10.1 thru 192.168.10.50 on port 1111.  The simulator will accept all of those connections and run simulations as if it were moving physical motors and send back simulated data on those socket connections.\nCan I use a router to map all of those addresses to a single testing server, or ideally, is there a way to use localhost to 'spoof' those IP addresses?  The client software is written in .Net, but Python ideas would be welcomed as well.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":9577,"Q_Id":1308879,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"A. consider using Bonjour (zeroconf) for service discovery\nB. You can assign 1 or more IP addresses the same NIC:\nOn XP, Start -> Control Panel -> Network Connections and select properties on your NIC (usually 'Local Area Connection').\nScroll down to Internet Protocol (TCP\/IP), select it and click on [Properties].\nIf you are using DHCP, you will need to get a static, base IP, from your IT.\n   Otherwise, click on [Advanced] and under 'IP Addresses' click [Add..]\n   Enter the IP information for the additional IP you want to add.\nRepeat for each additional IP address.\nC. Consider using VMWare, as you can configure multiple systems and virtual IPs within a single, logical, network of \"computers\".\n-- sky","Q_Score":6,"Tags":".net,python,networking,sockets","A_Id":1309096,"CreationDate":"2009-08-20T21:17:00.000","Title":"Simulate multiple IP addresses for testing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im in the process of writing a python script to act as a \"glue\" between an application and some external devices. The script itself is quite straight forward and has three distinct processes:\n\nRequest data (from a socket connection, via UDP)\nReceive response (from a socket connection, via UDP)\nProcess response and make data available to 3rd party application\n\nHowever, this will be done repetitively, and for several (+\/-200 different) devices. So once its reached device #200, it would start requesting data from device #001 again. My main concern here is not to bog down the processor whilst executing the script. \nUPDATE:\nI am using three threads to do the above, one thread for each of the above processes. The request\/response is asynchronous as each response contains everything i need to be able to process it (including the senders details).\nIs there any way to allow the script to run in the background and consume as little system resources as possible while doing its thing? This will be running on a windows 2003 machine.\nAny advice would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":738,"Q_Id":1352760,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"If you are using blocking I\/O to your devices, then the script won't consume any processor while waiting for the data.  How much processor you use depends on what sorts of computation you are doing with the data.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,performance,process,background","A_Id":1352777,"CreationDate":"2009-08-30T00:58:00.000","Title":"Python script performance as a background process","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I download files from a website using wildacrds in Python?  I have a site that I need to download file from periodically.  The problem is the filenames change each time.  A portion of the file stays the same though.  How can I use a wildcard to specify the unknown portion of the file in a URL?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1403,"Q_Id":1359090,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"If the filename changes, there must still be a link to the file somewhere (otherwise nobody would ever guess the filename). A typical approach is to get the HTML page that contains a link to the file, search through that looking for the link target, and then send a second request to get the actual file you're after.\nWeb servers do not generally implement such a \"wildcard\" facility as you describe, so you must use other techniques.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":1359101,"CreationDate":"2009-08-31T19:46:00.000","Title":"Wildcard Downloads with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that uses threads and makes lots of HTTP requests. I think what's happening is that while a HTTP request (using urllib2) is reading, it's blocking and not responding to CtrlC to stop the program. Is there any way around this?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":7,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":234195,"Q_Id":1364173,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"On Mac press Ctrl+\\ to quit a python process attached to a terminal.","Q_Score":142,"Tags":"python","A_Id":48303184,"CreationDate":"2009-09-01T19:17:00.000","Title":"Stopping python using ctrl+c","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that uses threads and makes lots of HTTP requests. I think what's happening is that while a HTTP request (using urllib2) is reading, it's blocking and not responding to CtrlC to stop the program. Is there any way around this?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":7,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":234195,"Q_Id":1364173,"Users Score":24,"Answer":"This post is old but I recently ran into the same problem of Ctrl+C not terminating Python scripts on Linux. I used Ctrl+\\ (SIGQUIT).","Q_Score":142,"Tags":"python","A_Id":40704008,"CreationDate":"2009-09-01T19:17:00.000","Title":"Stopping python using ctrl+c","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that uses threads and makes lots of HTTP requests. I think what's happening is that while a HTTP request (using urllib2) is reading, it's blocking and not responding to CtrlC to stop the program. Is there any way around this?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":7,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":234195,"Q_Id":1364173,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"On a mac \/ in Terminal: \n\nShow Inspector (right click within the terminal window or Shell >Show Inspector)\nclick the Settings icon above \"running processes\"\nchoose from the list of options under \"Signal Process Group\" (Kill, terminate, interrupt, etc).","Q_Score":142,"Tags":"python","A_Id":42792308,"CreationDate":"2009-09-01T19:17:00.000","Title":"Stopping python using ctrl+c","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that uses threads and makes lots of HTTP requests. I think what's happening is that while a HTTP request (using urllib2) is reading, it's blocking and not responding to CtrlC to stop the program. Is there any way around this?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":7,"Score":0.0166651236,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":234195,"Q_Id":1364173,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Forcing the program to close using Alt+F4 (shuts down current program)\nSpamming the X button on CMD for e.x.\nTaskmanager (first Windows+R and then \"taskmgr\") and then end the task.\n\nThose may help.","Q_Score":142,"Tags":"python","A_Id":52672359,"CreationDate":"2009-09-01T19:17:00.000","Title":"Stopping python using ctrl+c","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that uses threads and makes lots of HTTP requests. I think what's happening is that while a HTTP request (using urllib2) is reading, it's blocking and not responding to CtrlC to stop the program. Is there any way around this?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":7,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":234195,"Q_Id":1364173,"Users Score":57,"Answer":"If it is running in the Python shell use Ctrl + Z, otherwise locate the python process and kill it.","Q_Score":142,"Tags":"python","A_Id":1364179,"CreationDate":"2009-09-01T19:17:00.000","Title":"Stopping python using ctrl+c","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that uses threads and makes lots of HTTP requests. I think what's happening is that while a HTTP request (using urllib2) is reading, it's blocking and not responding to CtrlC to stop the program. Is there any way around this?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":7,"Score":0.0166651236,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":234195,"Q_Id":1364173,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For the record, what killed the process on my Raspberry 3B+ (running raspbian) was Ctrl+'. On my French AZERTY keyboard, the touch ' is also number 4.","Q_Score":142,"Tags":"python","A_Id":54316333,"CreationDate":"2009-09-01T19:17:00.000","Title":"Stopping python using ctrl+c","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that uses threads and makes lots of HTTP requests. I think what's happening is that while a HTTP request (using urllib2) is reading, it's blocking and not responding to CtrlC to stop the program. Is there any way around this?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":7,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":234195,"Q_Id":1364173,"Users Score":206,"Answer":"On Windows, the only sure way is to use CtrlBreak. Stops every python script instantly!\n(Note that on some keyboards, \"Break\" is labeled as \"Pause\".)","Q_Score":142,"Tags":"python","A_Id":1364199,"CreationDate":"2009-09-01T19:17:00.000","Title":"Stopping python using ctrl+c","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to play with inter-process communication and since I could not figure out how to use named pipes under Windows I thought I'll use network sockets. Everything happens locally. The server is able to launch slaves in a separate process and listens on some port. The slaves do their work and submit the result to the master. How do I figure out which port is available? I assume I cannot listen on port 80 or 21?\nI'm using Python, if that cuts the choices down.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":154753,"Q_Id":1365265,"Users Score":47,"Answer":"Bind the socket to port 0. A random free port from 1024 to 65535 will be selected. You may retrieve the selected port with getsockname() right after bind().","Q_Score":189,"Tags":"python,sockets,ipc,port","A_Id":1365281,"CreationDate":"2009-09-02T00:07:00.000","Title":"On localhost, how do I pick a free port number?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to play with inter-process communication and since I could not figure out how to use named pipes under Windows I thought I'll use network sockets. Everything happens locally. The server is able to launch slaves in a separate process and listens on some port. The slaves do their work and submit the result to the master. How do I figure out which port is available? I assume I cannot listen on port 80 or 21?\nI'm using Python, if that cuts the choices down.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":154753,"Q_Id":1365265,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You can listen on whatever port you want; generally, user applications should listen to ports 1024 and above (through 65535).  The main thing if you have a variable number of listeners is to allocate a range to your app - say 20000-21000, and CATCH EXCEPTIONS.  That is how you will know if a port is unusable (used by another process, in other words) on your computer.  \nHowever, in your case, you shouldn't have a problem using a single hard-coded port for your listener, as long as you print an error message if the bind fails.\nNote also that most of your sockets (for the slaves) do not need to be explicitly bound to specific port numbers - only sockets that wait for incoming connections (like your master here) will need to be made a listener and bound to a port.  If a port is not specified for a socket before it is used, the OS will assign a useable port to the socket.  When the master wants to respond to a slave that sends it data, the address of the sender is accessible when the listener receives data.\nI presume you will be using UDP for this?","Q_Score":189,"Tags":"python,sockets,ipc,port","A_Id":1365283,"CreationDate":"2009-09-02T00:07:00.000","Title":"On localhost, how do I pick a free port number?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to use Twisted in a sort of spidering program that manages multiple client connections.  I'd like to maintain of a pool of about 5 clients working at one time.  The functionality of each client is to connect to a specified IRC server that it gets from a list, enter a specific channel, and then save the list of the users in that channel to a database.\nThe problem I'm having is more architectural than anything.  I'm fairly new to Twisted and I don't know what options are available for managing multiple clients.  I'm assuming the easiest way is to simply have each ClientCreator instance die off once it's completed its work and have a central loop that can check to see if there's room to add a new client.  I would think this isn't a particularly unusual problem so I'm hoping to glean some information from other peoples' experiences.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4725,"Q_Id":1365737,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The best option is really just to do the obvious thing here.  Don't have a loop, or a repeating timed call; just have handlers that do the right thing.\nKeep a central connection-management object around, and make event-handling methods feed it the information it needs to keep going.  When it starts, make 5 outgoing connections.  Keep track of how many are in progress, maintain a list with them in it.  When a connection succeeds (in connectionMade) update the list to remember the connection's new state.  When a connection completes (in connectionLost) tell the connection manager; its response should be to remove that connection and make a new connection somewhere else.  In the middle, it should be fairly obvious how to fire off a request for the names you need and stuff them into a database (waiting for the database insert to complete before dropping your IRC connection, most likely, by waiting for the Deferred to come back from adbapi).","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,twisted","A_Id":1408498,"CreationDate":"2009-09-02T03:45:00.000","Title":"Managing multiple Twisted client connections","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to download a list of web pages. I know wget can do this. However downloading every URL in every five minutes and save them to a folder seems beyond the capability of wget.\nDoes anyone knows some tools either in java or python or Perl which accomplishes the task?\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2545,"Q_Id":1367189,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Write a bash script that uses wget and put it in your crontab to run every 5 minutes. (*\/5 * * * *)\nIf you need to keep a history of all these web pages, set a variable at the beginning of your script with the current unixtime and append it to the output filenames.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,download,webpage,wget,web-crawler","A_Id":1367209,"CreationDate":"2009-09-02T11:39:00.000","Title":"How to download a webpage in every five minutes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to read a website asynchronously, which isnt possible with urllib as far as I know. Now I tried reading with with plain sockets, but HTTP is giving me hell.\nI run into all kind of funky encodings, for example transfer-encoding: chunked, have to parse all that stuff manually, and I feel like coding C, not python at the moment. \nIsnt there a nicer way like URLLib, asynchronously? I dont really feel like re-implementing the whole HTTP specification, when it's all been done before.\nTwisted isnt an option currently.\nGreetings, \nTom","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2352,"Q_Id":1367453,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The furthest I came was using modified asynchttp, that codeape suggested. I have tried to use both asyncore\/asynchat and asynchttp, with lots of pain. It took me far too long to try to fix all the bugs in it (there's a method handle_read, nearly copied from asyncore, only badly indented and was giving me headaches with chunked encoding). Also, asyncore and asynchat are best not used according to some hints I got on google.\nI have settled with twisted, but that's obviously out of the question for you.\nIt might also depend what are you trying to do with your application and why you want async requests, if threads are an option or not, if you're doing GUI programming or something else so if you could shed some more inforation, that's always good. If not, I'd vote for threaded version suggested above, it offers much more readability and maintainability.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,web-services,sockets","A_Id":1372289,"CreationDate":"2009-09-02T12:39:00.000","Title":"Reading a website with asyncore","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to understand crc32 to generate the unique url for web page.\nIf we use the crc32, what is the maximum number of urls can be used so that we can avoid duplicates?\nWhat could be the approximative string length to keep the checksum to be 2^32?\nWhen I tried UUID for an url and convert the uuid bytes to base 64, I could reduce to 22 chars long. I wonder I can reduce still further.\nMostly I want to convert the url (maximum 1024 chars) to shorted id.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":5,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3162,"Q_Id":1401218,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"There is no such number as the \"maximum number of urls can be used so that we can avoid duplicates\" for CRC32.\nThe problem is that CRC32 can produce duplicates, and it's not a function of how many values you throw at it, it's a function of what those values look like.\nSo you might have a collision on the second url, if you're unlucky.\nYou should not base your algorithm on producing a unique hash, instead produce a unique value for each url manually.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"c#,python,url,crc32,short-url","A_Id":1401231,"CreationDate":"2009-09-09T18:16:00.000","Title":"CRC32 to make short URL for web","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to understand crc32 to generate the unique url for web page.\nIf we use the crc32, what is the maximum number of urls can be used so that we can avoid duplicates?\nWhat could be the approximative string length to keep the checksum to be 2^32?\nWhen I tried UUID for an url and convert the uuid bytes to base 64, I could reduce to 22 chars long. I wonder I can reduce still further.\nMostly I want to convert the url (maximum 1024 chars) to shorted id.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3162,"Q_Id":1401218,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"If you're already storing the full URL in a database table, an integer ID is pretty short, and can be made shorter by converting it to base 16, 64, or 85. If you can use a UUID, you can use an integer, and you may as well, since it's shorter and I don't see what benefit a UUID would provide in your lookup table.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"c#,python,url,crc32,short-url","A_Id":1401237,"CreationDate":"2009-09-09T18:16:00.000","Title":"CRC32 to make short URL for web","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to understand crc32 to generate the unique url for web page.\nIf we use the crc32, what is the maximum number of urls can be used so that we can avoid duplicates?\nWhat could be the approximative string length to keep the checksum to be 2^32?\nWhen I tried UUID for an url and convert the uuid bytes to base 64, I could reduce to 22 chars long. I wonder I can reduce still further.\nMostly I want to convert the url (maximum 1024 chars) to shorted id.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3162,"Q_Id":1401218,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"CRC32 means cyclic redundancy check with 32 bits where any arbitrary amount of bits is summed up to a 32 bit check sum. And check sum functions are surjective, that means multiple input values have the same output value. So you cannot inverse the function.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"c#,python,url,crc32,short-url","A_Id":1401243,"CreationDate":"2009-09-09T18:16:00.000","Title":"CRC32 to make short URL for web","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to understand crc32 to generate the unique url for web page.\nIf we use the crc32, what is the maximum number of urls can be used so that we can avoid duplicates?\nWhat could be the approximative string length to keep the checksum to be 2^32?\nWhen I tried UUID for an url and convert the uuid bytes to base 64, I could reduce to 22 chars long. I wonder I can reduce still further.\nMostly I want to convert the url (maximum 1024 chars) to shorted id.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3162,"Q_Id":1401218,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No, even you use md5, or any other check sum, the URL CAN BE duplicate, it all depends on your luck.\nSo don't make an unique url base on those check sum","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"c#,python,url,crc32,short-url","A_Id":1401286,"CreationDate":"2009-09-09T18:16:00.000","Title":"CRC32 to make short URL for web","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to understand crc32 to generate the unique url for web page.\nIf we use the crc32, what is the maximum number of urls can be used so that we can avoid duplicates?\nWhat could be the approximative string length to keep the checksum to be 2^32?\nWhen I tried UUID for an url and convert the uuid bytes to base 64, I could reduce to 22 chars long. I wonder I can reduce still further.\nMostly I want to convert the url (maximum 1024 chars) to shorted id.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3162,"Q_Id":1401218,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The right way to make a short URL is to store the full one in the database and publish something that maps to the row index.  A compact way is to use the Base64 of the row ID, for example.  Or you could use a UID for the primary key and show that.\nDo not use a checksum, because it's too small and very likely to conflict.  A cryptographic hash is larger and less likely, but it's still not the right way to go.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"c#,python,url,crc32,short-url","A_Id":1401331,"CreationDate":"2009-09-09T18:16:00.000","Title":"CRC32 to make short URL for web","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Okay. So I have about 250,000 high resolution images. What I want to do is go through all of them and find ones that are corrupted. If you know what 4scrape is, then you know the nature of the images I.\nCorrupted, to me, is the image is loaded into Firefox and it says\n\nThe image \u201csuch and such image\u201d cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.\n\nNow, I could select all of my 250,000 images (~150gb) and drag-n-drop them into Firefox. That would be bad though, because I don't think Mozilla designed Firefox to open 250,000 tabs. No, I need a way to programmatically check whether an image is corrupted.\nDoes anyone know a PHP or Python library which can do something along these lines? Or an existing piece of software for Windows?\nI have already removed obviously corrupted images (such as ones that are 0 bytes) but I'm about 99.9% sure that there are more diseased images floating around in my throng of a collection.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23397,"Q_Id":1401527,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If your exact requirements are that it show correctly in FireFox you may have a difficult time - the only way to be sure would be to link to the exact same image loading source code as FireFox.\nBasic image corruption (file is incomplete) can be detected simply by trying to open the file using any number of image libraries.\nHowever many images can fail to display simply because they stretch a part of the file format that the particular viewer you are using can't handle (GIF in particular has a lot of these edge cases, but you can find JPEG and the rare PNG file that can only be displayed in specific viewers). There are also some ugly JPEG edge cases where the file appears to be uncorrupted in viewer X, but in reality the file has been cut short and is only displaying correctly because very little information has been lost (FireFox can show some cut off JPEGs correctly [you get a grey bottom], but others result in FireFox seeming the load them half way and then display the error message instead of the partial image)","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"php,python,image","A_Id":1401566,"CreationDate":"2009-09-09T19:15:00.000","Title":"How do I programmatically check whether an image (PNG, JPEG, or GIF) is corrupted?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I find out the http request my python cgi received? I need different behaviors for HEAD and GET.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6773,"Q_Id":1417715,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Why do you need to distinguish between GET and HEAD?\nNormally you shouldn't distinguish and should treat a HEAD request just like a GET. This is because a HEAD request is meant to return the exact same headers as a GET. The only difference is there will be no response content. Just because there is no response content though doesn't mean you no longer have to return a valid Content-Length header, or other headers, which are dependent on the response content.\nIn mod_wsgi, which various people are pointing you at, it will actually deliberately change the request method from HEAD to GET in certain cases to guard against people who wrongly treat HEAD differently. The specific case where this is done is where an Apache output filter is registered. The reason that it is done in this case is because the output filter may expect to see the response content and from that generate additional response headers. If you were to decide not to bother to generate any response content for a HEAD request, you will deprive the output filter of the content and the headers they add may then not agree with what would be returned from a GET request. The end result of this is that you can stuff up caches and the operation of the browser.\nThe same can apply equally for CGI scripts behind Apache as output filters can still be added in that case as well. For CGI scripts there is nothing in place though to protect against users being stupid and doing things differently for a HEAD request.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,http,httpwebrequest,cgi","A_Id":1420886,"CreationDate":"2009-09-13T13:12:00.000","Title":"Detecting the http request type (GET, HEAD, etc) from a python cgi","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to access a SOAP API using Suds. The SOAP API documentation states that I have to provide three cookies with some login data. How can I accomplish this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1581,"Q_Id":1417902,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Set a \"Cookie\" HTTP Request Header having the required name\/value pairs. This is how Cookie values are usually transmitted in HTTP Based systems. You can add multiple key\/value pairs in the same http header.\nSingle Cookie\n\nCookie: name1=value1\n\nMultiple Cookies (seperated by semicolons)\n\nCookie: name1=value1; name2=value2","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,soap,cookies,suds","A_Id":1417916,"CreationDate":"2009-09-13T14:44:00.000","Title":"Sending cookies in a SOAP request using Suds","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Selenium RC to automate some browser operations but I want the browser to be invisible. Is this possible? How? What about Selenium Grid? Can I hide the Selenium RC window also?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":90474,"Q_Id":1418082,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"If you're on Windows, one option is to run the tests under a different user account. This means the browser and java server will not be visible to your own account.","Q_Score":93,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-rc","A_Id":1750751,"CreationDate":"2009-09-13T16:07:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to hide the browser in Selenium RC?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Selenium RC to automate some browser operations but I want the browser to be invisible. Is this possible? How? What about Selenium Grid? Can I hide the Selenium RC window also?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":90474,"Q_Id":1418082,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"This is how I run my tests with maven on a linux desktop (Ubuntu). I got fed up not being able to work with the firefox webdriver always taking focus.\nI installed xvfb \n\nxvfb-run -a mvn clean install\n\nThats it","Q_Score":93,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-rc","A_Id":11261393,"CreationDate":"2009-09-13T16:07:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to hide the browser in Selenium RC?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Selenium RC to automate some browser operations but I want the browser to be invisible. Is this possible? How? What about Selenium Grid? Can I hide the Selenium RC window also?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":90474,"Q_Id":1418082,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"On MacOSX, I haven't been able to hide the browser window, but at least I figured out how to move it to a different display so it doesn't disrupt my workflow so much. While Firefox is running tests, just control-click its icon in the dock, select Options, and Assign to Display 2.","Q_Score":93,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-rc","A_Id":24662478,"CreationDate":"2009-09-13T16:07:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to hide the browser in Selenium RC?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Selenium RC to automate some browser operations but I want the browser to be invisible. Is this possible? How? What about Selenium Grid? Can I hide the Selenium RC window also?","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":90474,"Q_Id":1418082,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Using headless Chrome would be your best bet, or you could post directly to the site to interact with it, which would save a lot of compute power for other things\/processes. I use this when testing out web automation bots that search for shoes on multiple sites using cpu heavy elements, the more power you save, and the simpler your program is, the easier it is to run multiple processes at a time with muhc greater speed and reliability.","Q_Score":93,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-rc","A_Id":55484939,"CreationDate":"2009-09-13T16:07:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to hide the browser in Selenium RC?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python program which starts up a PHP script using the subprocess.Popen() function. The PHP script needs to communicate back-and-forth with Python, and I am trying to find an easy but robust way to manage the message sending\/receiving.\nI have already written a working protocol using basic sockets, but it doesn't feel very robust - I don't have any logic to handle dropped messages, and I don't even fully understand how sockets work which leaves me uncertain about what else could go wrong.\nAre there any generic libraries or IPC frameworks which are easier than raw sockets?\n\nATM I need something which supports Python and PHP, but in the future I may want to be able to use C, Perl and Ruby also.\nI am looking for something robust, i.e. when the server or client crashes, the other party needs to be able to recover gracefully.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2322,"Q_Id":1424593,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could look at shared memory or named pipes, but I think there are two more likely options, assuming at least one of these languages is being used for a webapp:\nA. Use your database's atomicity.  In python, begin a transaction, put a message into a table, and end the transaction.  From php, begin a transaction, take a message out of the table or mark it \"read\", and end the transaction.  Make your PHP and\/or python self-aware enough not to post the same messages twice.  Voila; reliable (and scaleable) IPC, using existing web architecture.\nB. Make your webserver (assuming as webapp) capable of running both php and python, locking down any internal processes to just localhost access, and then call them using xmlrpc or soap from your other language using standard libraries.  This is also scalable, as you can change your URLs and security lock-downs later.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,ipc","A_Id":1424687,"CreationDate":"2009-09-15T00:47:00.000","Title":"Easy, Robust IPC between Python and PHP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to simulate MyApp that imports a module (ResourceX) which requires a resource that is not available at the time and will not work. \nA solution for this is to make and import a mock module of ResourceX (named ResourceXSimulated) and divert it to MyApp as ResourceX. I want to do this in order to avoid breaking a lot of code and get all kinds of exception from MyApp.\nI am using Python and It should be something like:\n\"Import ResourceXSimulated as ResourceX\"\n\"ResourceX.getData()\", actually calls ResourceXSimultated.getData()\nLooking forward to find out if Python supports this kind of redirection.\nCheers.\nADDITIONAL INFO: I have access to the source files.\nUPDATE: I am thinking of adding as little code as possible to MyApp regarding using the fake module and add this code near the import statements.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":256,"Q_Id":1443173,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, Python can do that, and so long as the methods exposed in the ResourceXSimulated module \"look and smell\" like these of the original module, the application should not see much any difference (other than, I'm assuming, bogus data fillers,  different response times and such).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,testing,mocking,module,monkeypatching","A_Id":1443195,"CreationDate":"2009-09-18T08:12:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to divert a module in python? (ResourceX diverted to ResourceXSimulated)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to simulate MyApp that imports a module (ResourceX) which requires a resource that is not available at the time and will not work. \nA solution for this is to make and import a mock module of ResourceX (named ResourceXSimulated) and divert it to MyApp as ResourceX. I want to do this in order to avoid breaking a lot of code and get all kinds of exception from MyApp.\nI am using Python and It should be something like:\n\"Import ResourceXSimulated as ResourceX\"\n\"ResourceX.getData()\", actually calls ResourceXSimultated.getData()\nLooking forward to find out if Python supports this kind of redirection.\nCheers.\nADDITIONAL INFO: I have access to the source files.\nUPDATE: I am thinking of adding as little code as possible to MyApp regarding using the fake module and add this code near the import statements.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":256,"Q_Id":1443173,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, it's possible. Some starters:\nYou can \"divert\" modules by manipulating sys.modules. It keeps a list of imported modules, and there you can make your module appear under the same name as the original one. You must do this manipulating before any module that imports the module you want to fake though.\nYou can also make a package called a different name, but in that package actually use the original module name, for your completely different module. This works well as long as the original module isn't installed.\nIn none of these cases you can use both modules at the same time. For that you need to monkey-patch the original module.\nAnd of course: It' perfectly possible to just call the new module with the old name. But it might be confusing.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,testing,mocking,module,monkeypatching","A_Id":1443281,"CreationDate":"2009-09-18T08:12:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to divert a module in python? (ResourceX diverted to ResourceXSimulated)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to stream a binary data using python. I do not  have any idea how to achieve it. I did created python socket program using SOCK_DGRAM. Problem with SOCK_STREAM is that it does not work over internet as our isp dont allow tcp server socket. \nI want to transmit screen shots periodically to remote computer.\nI have an idea of maintaining a Que of binary data and have two threads write and read synchronously. \nI do not want to use VNC .\nHow do I do it?\nI did written server socket and client socket using SOCK_STREAM  it was working on localhost and did not work over internet even if respective ip's are placed. We also did tried running tomcat web server on one pc and tried accessing via other pc on internet and was not working.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1737,"Q_Id":1451349,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There are two problems here.\nFirst problem, you will need to be able to address the remote party.  This is related to what you referred to as \"does not work over Internet as most ISP don't allow TCP server socket\".  It is usually difficult because the other party could be placed behind a NAT or a firewall.\nAs for the second problem, the problem of actual transmitting of data after you can make a TCP connection, python socket would work if you can address the remote party.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":1451356,"CreationDate":"2009-09-20T16:01:00.000","Title":"How to stream binary data in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to stream a binary data using python. I do not  have any idea how to achieve it. I did created python socket program using SOCK_DGRAM. Problem with SOCK_STREAM is that it does not work over internet as our isp dont allow tcp server socket. \nI want to transmit screen shots periodically to remote computer.\nI have an idea of maintaining a Que of binary data and have two threads write and read synchronously. \nI do not want to use VNC .\nHow do I do it?\nI did written server socket and client socket using SOCK_STREAM  it was working on localhost and did not work over internet even if respective ip's are placed. We also did tried running tomcat web server on one pc and tried accessing via other pc on internet and was not working.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1737,"Q_Id":1451349,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"SOCK_STREAM is the correct way to stream data.\nWhat you're saying about ISPs makes very little sense; they don't control whether or not your machine listens on a certain port on an interface. Perhaps you're talking about firewall\/addressing issues?\nIf you insist on using UDP (and you shouldn't because you'll have to worry about packets arriving out of place or not arriving at all) then you'll need to first use socket.bind and then socket.recvfrom in a loop to read data and keep track of open connections. It'll be hard work to do correctly.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":1451365,"CreationDate":"2009-09-20T16:01:00.000","Title":"How to stream binary data in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am sending packets from one pc to other. I am using python socket socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM  ). Do we need to take care of order in which packets are received ?\nIn ISO-OSI model layers below transport layer handle all packets communication. Do all ISO-OSI layers present in the program ? Or some of them present in operating system ? \nOn localhost I get all packets in order. \nWill it make any difference over internet ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2274,"Q_Id":1458087,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"SOCK_DGRAM means you want to send packets by UDP -- no order guarantee, no guarantee of reception, no guarantee of lack of repetition. SOCK_STREAM would imply TCP -- no packet boundary guarantee, but (unless the connection's dropped;-) guarantee of order, reception, and no duplication.  TCP\/IP, the networking model that won the heart and soul of every live practitioned and made the Internet happen, is not compliant to ISO\/OSI -- a standard designed at the drafting table and never really winning in the real world.\nThe Internet as she lives and breathes is TCP\/IP all the way.  Don't rely on tests done on a low-latency local network as in ANY way representative of what will happen out there in the real world. Welcome to the real world, BTW, and, good luck (you'll need some!-).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":1458109,"CreationDate":"2009-09-22T04:23:00.000","Title":"Python socket programming and ISO-OSI model","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am sending packets from one pc to other. I am using python socket socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM  ). Do we need to take care of order in which packets are received ?\nIn ISO-OSI model layers below transport layer handle all packets communication. Do all ISO-OSI layers present in the program ? Or some of them present in operating system ? \nOn localhost I get all packets in order. \nWill it make any difference over internet ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2274,"Q_Id":1458087,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"To answer your immediate question, if you're using SOCK_STREAM, then you're actually using TCP, which is an implementation of the transport layer which does take care of packet ordering and integrity for you. So it sounds like that's what you want to use. SOCK_DGRAM is actually UDP, which doesn't take care of any integrity for you.\n\nDo we need to take care of order in which packets are received ? In ISO-OSI model layers below transport layer handle all packets communication. Do all ISO-OSI layers present in the program ?\n\nJust to clear this up, in the ISO-OSI model, all the layers below the transport layer handle sending of a single packet from one computer to the other, and don't \"understand\" the concept of packet ordering (it doesn't apply to them).\nIn this model, there is another layer (the session layer, above the transport layer) which is responsible for defining the session behavior. It is this layer which decides whether to have things put in place to prevent reordering, to ensure integrity, and so on.\nIn the modern world, the ISO-OSI model is more of an idealistic template, rather than an actual model. TCP\/IP is the actual implementation which is used almost everywhere.\nIn TCP\/IP, the transport layer is the one that has the role of defining whether there is any session behavior or not.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":1458734,"CreationDate":"2009-09-22T04:23:00.000","Title":"Python socket programming and ISO-OSI model","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a file contained in a key in my S3 bucket. I want to create a new key, which will contain the same file. Is it possible to do without downloading that file?\nI'm looking for a solution in Python (and preferably boto library).","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9405,"Q_Id":1464961,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Note that the 'copy' method on the Key object has a \"preserve_acl\" parameter (False by default) that will copy the source's ACL to the destination object.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":7366501,"CreationDate":"2009-09-23T09:34:00.000","Title":"How to clone a key in Amazon S3 using Python (and boto)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a file contained in a key in my S3 bucket. I want to create a new key, which will contain the same file. Is it possible to do without downloading that file?\nI'm looking for a solution in Python (and preferably boto library).","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9405,"Q_Id":1464961,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Browsing through boto's source code I found that the Key object has a \"copy\" method. Thanks for your suggestion about CopyObject operation.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":1466148,"CreationDate":"2009-09-23T09:34:00.000","Title":"How to clone a key in Amazon S3 using Python (and boto)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a file contained in a key in my S3 bucket. I want to create a new key, which will contain the same file. Is it possible to do without downloading that file?\nI'm looking for a solution in Python (and preferably boto library).","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9405,"Q_Id":1464961,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"S3 allows object by object copy.\nThe CopyObject operation creates a copy of an object when you specify the key and bucket of a source object and the key and bucket of a target destination. \nNot sure if boto has a compact implementation.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":1465978,"CreationDate":"2009-09-23T09:34:00.000","Title":"How to clone a key in Amazon S3 using Python (and boto)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What steps would be necessary, and what kind of maintenance would be expected if I wanted to contribute a module to the Python standard API?  For example I have a module that encapsulates automated update functionality similar to Java's JNLP.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":129,"Q_Id":1465302,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"First, look at modules on pypi.  Download several that are related to what you're doing so you can see exactly what the state of the art is.  \nFor example, look at easy_install for an example of something like what you're proposing.\nAfter looking at other modules, write yours to look like theirs.\nThen publish information on your blog.\nWhen people show an interest, post it to SourceForge or something similar.  This will allow you to get started slowly.\nWhen people start using it, you'll know exactly what kind of maintenance you need to do.\nThen, when demand ramps up, you can create the pypi information required to publish it on pypi.\nFinally, when it becomes so popular that people demand it be added to Python as a standard part of the library, many other folks will be involved in helping you mature your offering.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,api","A_Id":1465505,"CreationDate":"2009-09-23T10:56:00.000","Title":"What is involved in adding to the standard Python API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to extract type of object or class name from message received on a udp socket in python using metaclasses\/reflection ?\nThe scenario is like this:\n\nReceive udp buffer on a socket.\nThe UDP buffer is a serialized binary string(a message). But the type of message is not known at this time. So can't de-serialize into appropriate message.\nNow, my ques is Can I know the classname of the seraialized binary string(recvd as UDP buffer) so that I can de-serialize into appropriate message and process further.\n\nThanks in Advance.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":642,"Q_Id":1487582,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"What you receive from the udp socket is a byte string -- that's all the \"type of object or class name\" that's actually there.  If the byte string was built as a serialized object (e.g. via pickle, or maybe marshal etc) then you can deserialize it back to an object (using e.g. pickle.loads) and then introspect to your heart's content. But most byte strings were built otherwise and will raise exceptions when you try to loads from them;-).\nEdit: the OP's edit mentions the string is \"a serialized object\" but still doesn't say what serialization approach produced it, and that makes all the difference. pickle (and for a much narrower range of type marshal) place enough information on the strings they produce (via the .dumps functions of the modules) that their respective loads functions can deserialize back to the appropriate type; but other approaches (e.g., struct.pack) do not place such metadata in the strings they produce, so it's not feasible to deserialize without other, \"out of bands\" so to speak, indications about the format in use. So, o O.P., how was that serialized string of bytes produced in the first place...?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp","A_Id":1487619,"CreationDate":"2009-09-28T15:08:00.000","Title":"Type of object from udp buffer in python using metaclasses\/reflection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to extract type of object or class name from message received on a udp socket in python using metaclasses\/reflection ?\nThe scenario is like this:\n\nReceive udp buffer on a socket.\nThe UDP buffer is a serialized binary string(a message). But the type of message is not known at this time. So can't de-serialize into appropriate message.\nNow, my ques is Can I know the classname of the seraialized binary string(recvd as UDP buffer) so that I can de-serialize into appropriate message and process further.\n\nThanks in Advance.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":642,"Q_Id":1487582,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Updated answer after updated question:\n\"But the type of message is not known at this time. So can't de-serialize into appropriate message.\"\nWhat you get is a sequence of bytes. How that sequence of types should be interpreted is a question of how the protocol looks. Only you know what protocol you use. So if you don't know the type of message, then there is nothing you can do about it. If you are to receive a stream of data an interpret it, you must know what that data means, otherwise you can't interpret it.\nIt's as simple as that.\n\"Now, my ques is Can I know the classname of the seraialized binary string\"\nYes. The classname is \"str\", as all strings. (Unless you use Python 3, in which case you would not get a str but a binary). The data inside that str has no classname. It's just binary data. It means whatever the sender wants it to mean.\nAgain, I need to stress that you should not try to make this into a generic question. Explain exactly what you are trying to do, not generically, but specifically.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp","A_Id":1487602,"CreationDate":"2009-09-28T15:08:00.000","Title":"Type of object from udp buffer in python using metaclasses\/reflection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've develop a chat server using Twisted framework in Python.  It works fine with a Telnet client.  But when I use my flash client problem appear...  \n(the flash client work find with my old php chat server, I rewrote the server in python to gain performance) \nThe connexion is establish between the flash client and the twisted server: XMLSocket .onConnect return TRUE. So it's not a problem of permission with the policy file.  \nI'm not able to send any message from Flash clien with XMLSOCket function send(), nothing is receive on th server side.  I tried to end those message with '\\n' or '\\n\\0' or '\\0' without succes.\nYou have any clue?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":927,"Q_Id":1489931,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I find out that the default delimiter for line, use by Twisted is '\\r\\n'.  It can be overwrite in a your children class with:\nLineOnlyReceiver.delimiter = '\\n'","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,flash,twisted","A_Id":1490530,"CreationDate":"2009-09-29T00:02:00.000","Title":"Chat server with Twisted framework in python can't receive data from flash client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've develop a chat server using Twisted framework in Python.  It works fine with a Telnet client.  But when I use my flash client problem appear...  \n(the flash client work find with my old php chat server, I rewrote the server in python to gain performance) \nThe connexion is establish between the flash client and the twisted server: XMLSocket .onConnect return TRUE. So it's not a problem of permission with the policy file.  \nI'm not able to send any message from Flash clien with XMLSOCket function send(), nothing is receive on th server side.  I tried to end those message with '\\n' or '\\n\\0' or '\\0' without succes.\nYou have any clue?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":927,"Q_Id":1489931,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Changing LineOnlyReceiver.delimiter is a pretty bad idea, since that changes the delivery for all instances of LineOnlyReceiver (unless they've changed it themselves on a subclass or on the instance).  If you ever happen to use any such code, it will probably break.\nYou should change delimiter by setting it on your LineOnlyReceiver subclass, since it's your subclass that has this requirement.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,flash,twisted","A_Id":1729776,"CreationDate":"2009-09-29T00:02:00.000","Title":"Chat server with Twisted framework in python can't receive data from flash client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to create XML using the ElementTree object structure in python.  It all works very well except when it comes to processing instructions.  I can create a PI easily using the factory function ProcessingInstruction(), but it doesn't get added into the elementtree.  I can add it manually, but I can't figure out how to add it above the root element where PI's are normally placed.  Anyone know how to do this?  I know of plenty of alternative methods of doing it, but it seems that this must be built in somewhere that I just can't find.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4332,"Q_Id":1489949,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Yeah, I don't believe it's possible, sorry. ElementTree provides a simpler interface to (non-namespaced) element-centric XML processing than DOM, but the price for that is that it doesn't support the whole XML infoset.\nThere is no apparent way to represent the content that lives outside the root element (comments, PIs, the doctype and the XML declaration), and these are also discarded at parse time. (Aside: this appears to include any default attributes specified in the DTD internal subset, which makes ElementTree strictly-speaking a non-compliant XML processor.)\nYou can probably work around it by subclassing or monkey-patching the Python native ElementTree implementation's write() method to call _write on your extra PIs before _writeing the _root, but it could be a bit fragile.\nIf you need support for the full XML infoset, probably best stick with DOM.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,xml,elementtree","A_Id":1490057,"CreationDate":"2009-09-29T00:09:00.000","Title":"ElementTree in Python 2.6.2 Processing Instructions support?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Having great luck working with single-source feed parsing in Universal Feed Parser, but now I need to run multiple feeds through it and generate chronologically interleaved output (not RSS). Seems like I'll need to iterate through URLs and stuff every entry into a list of dictionaries, then sort that by the entry timestamps and take a slice off the top. That seems do-able, but pretty expensive resource-wise (I'll cache it aggressively for that reason). \nJust wondering if there's an easier way - an existing library that works with feedparser to do simple aggregation, for example. Sample code?  Gotchas or warnings? Thanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1280,"Q_Id":1496067,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Here is already suggestion to store data in the database, e.g. bsddb.btopen() or any RDBMS.\nTake a look at heapq.merge() and bisect.insort() or use one of B-tree implementations if you'd like to merge data in memory.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":1496616,"CreationDate":"2009-09-30T04:04:00.000","Title":"Aggregating multiple feeds with Universal Feed Parser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've got a form, returned by Python mechanize Browser and got via forms() method. How can I perform XPath search inside form node, that is, among descendant nodes of the HTML form node? TIA\nUpd:\nHow to save html code of the form?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":596,"Q_Id":1509404,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"By parsing the browser contents with lxml, which has xpath support.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mechanize","A_Id":1509434,"CreationDate":"2009-10-02T13:10:00.000","Title":"How to search XPath inside Python ClientForm object?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am making a community for web-comic artist who will be able to sync their existing website to this site.\nHowever, I am in debate for what CMS I should use: Drupal or Wordpress.\nI have heard great things about Drupal, where it is really aimed for Social Networking. I actually got to play a little bit in the back end of Drupal and it seemed quite complicated to me, but I am not going to give up to fully understand how Drupal works.\nAs for Wordpress, I am very familiar with the Framework. I have the ability to extend it to do what I want, but I am hesitating because I think the framework is not built for communities (I think it may slow down in the future).\nI also have a unrelated question as well: Should I go with a Python CMS? \nI heard very great things about Python and how much better it is compare to PHP.\nYour advice is appreciated.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3472,"Q_Id":1513062,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"Difficult decision. Normally I would say 'definitely Drupal' without hesitation, as Drupal was build as a System for community sites from the beginning, whereas Wordpress still shows its heritage as a blogging solution, at least that's what I hear quite often. But then I'm working with Drupal all the time recently and haven't had a closer look at Wordpress for quite a while.\nThat said, Drupal has grown into a pretty complex system over the years, so there is quite a learning curve for newcomers. Given that you are already familiar with Wordpress, it might be more efficient for you to go with that, provided it can do all that you need.\nSo I would recommend Drupal, but you should probably get some opinions from people experienced with Wordpress concerning the possibility to turn it into a community site first.\n\nAs for the Python vs. PHP CMS question, I'd say that the quality of a CMS is a function of the ability of its developers, the maturity of the system, the surrounding 'ecosystem', etc. and not of the particular language used to build it. (And discussions about the quality of one established language vs. another? Well - let's just not go there ;)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,wordpress,drupal,content-management-system,social-networking","A_Id":1513657,"CreationDate":"2009-10-03T07:17:00.000","Title":"Drupal or Wordpress CMS as a Social Network?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is a Python mechanize object with a form with almost all values set, but not yet submitted. Now I want to fetch another page using cookies from mechanize instance, but without resetting the page, forms and so on, e.g. so that the values remain set (I just need to get body string of another page, nothing else). So is there a way to:\n\nTell mechanize not to reset the page (perhaps, through UserAgentBase)?\nMake urllib2 use mechanize's cookie jar? NB: urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(self.br._ua_handlers[\"_cookies\"].cookiejar) doesn't work\nAny other way to pass cookie to urllib?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1699,"Q_Id":1513823,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Some wild ideas:\n\nFetch the second page before filling in the form? \nOr fetch the new page and then goBack()? Although maybe that will reset the values.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,mechanize","A_Id":1513899,"CreationDate":"2009-10-03T14:08:00.000","Title":"How to get a http page using mechanize cookies?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Can someone please tell how to write a Non-Blocking server code using the socket library alone.Thanks","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2625,"Q_Id":1515686,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Why socket alone? It's so much simpler to use another standard library module, asyncore -- and if you can't, at the very least select!\nIf you're constrained by your homework's condition to only use socket, then I hope you can at least add threading (or multiprocessing), otherwise you're seriously out of luck -- you can make sockets with timeout, but juggling timing-out sockets without the needed help from any of the other obvious standard library modules (to support either async or threaded serving) is a serious mess indeed-y...;-).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,nonblocking","A_Id":1515698,"CreationDate":"2009-10-04T05:35:00.000","Title":"Non Blocking Server in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was trying to find out how I can go about verifying a self-signed certificate by a server in python. I could not find much data in google. I also want to make sure that the server url \nThanks in advance for any insights.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6958,"Q_Id":1519074,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It is impossible to verify a self-signed certificate because of its very nature: it is self-signed. \nYou have to sign a certificate by some other trusted third party's certificate to be able to verify anything, and after this you can add that third party's certificate to the list of your trusted CAs and then you will be able to verify certificates signed by that certificate\/CA.\nIf you want recommendations about how to do this in Python, you should provide the name of the SSL library you are using, since there is a choice of SSL libraries for Python.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,ssl","A_Id":1520341,"CreationDate":"2009-10-05T09:37:00.000","Title":"Verifying peer in SSL using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to Python and reading someone else's code:\nshould urllib.urlopen() be followed by urllib.close()? Otherwise, one would leak connections, correct?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":53885,"Q_Id":1522636,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Strictly speaking, this is true. But in practice, once (if) urllib goes out of scope, the connection will be closed by the automatic garbage collector.","Q_Score":73,"Tags":"python,urllib","A_Id":1522662,"CreationDate":"2009-10-05T21:59:00.000","Title":"should I call close() after urllib.urlopen()?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to Python and reading someone else's code:\nshould urllib.urlopen() be followed by urllib.close()? Otherwise, one would leak connections, correct?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":53885,"Q_Id":1522636,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You basically do need to explicitly close your connection when using IronPython. The automatic closing on going out of scope relies on the garbage collection. I ran into a situation where the garbage collection did not run for so long that Windows ran out of sockets. I was polling a webserver at high frequency (i.e. as high as IronPython and the connection would allow, ~7Hz). I could see the \"established connections\" (i.e. sockets in use) go up and up on PerfMon. The solution was to call gc.collect() after every call to urlopen.","Q_Score":73,"Tags":"python,urllib","A_Id":55125414,"CreationDate":"2009-10-05T21:59:00.000","Title":"should I call close() after urllib.urlopen()?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to know if the following situation and scripts are at all possible: \nI'm looking to have a photo-gallery (Javascript) webpage that will display in order of the latest added to the Dropbox folder (PHP or Python?). \nThat is, when someone adds a picture to the Dropbox folder, there is a script on the webpage that will check the Dropbox folder and then embed those images onto the webpage via the newest added and the webpage will automatically be updated. \nIs it at all possible to link to a Dropbox folder via a webpage? If so, how would I best go about using scripts to automate the process of updating the webpage with new content? \nAny and all help is very appreciated, thanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4092,"Q_Id":1522951,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you can install the DropBox client on the webserver then it would be simple to let it sync your folder and then iterate over the contents of the folder with a programming language (PHP, Python, .NET etc) and produce the gallery page.  This could be done every time the page is requested or as a scheduled job which recreayes a static page.  This is all dependent on you having access to install the client on your server.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"php,python,html,dropbox","A_Id":2074899,"CreationDate":"2009-10-05T23:43:00.000","Title":"Update a gallery webpage via Dropbox?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm supposed to display images at certain times of the day on the webpage, Please can anyone tell me how to go about it","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":328,"Q_Id":1524713,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could make a Date object in javascript. Check the current time and depending on the time, you set the img src to whatever image you want for that time of day :) or hide the image through myimg.style.visibility = \"hidden\" if you dont want to display an image at that moment.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":1524724,"CreationDate":"2009-10-06T10:15:00.000","Title":"How do I display images at different times on webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm supposed to display images at certain times of the day on the webpage, Please can anyone tell me how to go about it","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":328,"Q_Id":1524713,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you need to change the image before a page refresh, you could use jquery ajax call to get the correct image.  jquery has some interval functionality which would allow this.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":1524812,"CreationDate":"2009-10-06T10:15:00.000","Title":"How do I display images at different times on webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Anyone know of a good feed parser for python 3.1?\nI was using feedparser for 2.5 but it doesn't seem to be ported to 3.1 yet, and it's apparently more complicated than just running 2to3.py on it.\nAny help?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3122,"Q_Id":1527230,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Start porting feedparser to Python 3.1.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,rss,python-3.x,feed","A_Id":1568128,"CreationDate":"2009-10-06T18:21:00.000","Title":"Python 3.1 RSS Parser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a server that has to respond to HTTP and XML-RPC requests. Right now I have an instance of SimpleXMLRPCServer, and an instance of BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer with a custom request handler, running on different ports. I'd like to run both services on a single port. \nI think it should be possible to modify the CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler class to also serve custom HTTP requests on some paths, or alternately, to use multiple request handlers based on what path is requested. I'm not really sure what the cleanest way to do this would be, though.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":849,"Q_Id":1540011,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is there a reason not to run a real webserver out front with url rewrites to the two ports you are usign now? It's going to make life much easier in the long run","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,xml-rpc","A_Id":1540053,"CreationDate":"2009-10-08T19:45:00.000","Title":"Python HTTP server with XML-RPC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a server that has to respond to HTTP and XML-RPC requests. Right now I have an instance of SimpleXMLRPCServer, and an instance of BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer with a custom request handler, running on different ports. I'd like to run both services on a single port. \nI think it should be possible to modify the CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler class to also serve custom HTTP requests on some paths, or alternately, to use multiple request handlers based on what path is requested. I'm not really sure what the cleanest way to do this would be, though.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":849,"Q_Id":1540011,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher class directly from your own request handler.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,xml-rpc","A_Id":1543370,"CreationDate":"2009-10-08T19:45:00.000","Title":"Python HTTP server with XML-RPC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If yes are there any frameworks\/Tutorials\/tips\/etc recommended? \nN00b at Python but I have tons of PHP experience and wanted to expand my skill set.\nI know Python is great at server side execution, just wanted to know about client side as well.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":54388,"Q_Id":1540214,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Silverlight can run IronPython, so you can make Silverlight applications. Which is client-side.","Q_Score":68,"Tags":"python,client-side","A_Id":1540379,"CreationDate":"2009-10-08T20:27:00.000","Title":"Can Python be used for client side web development?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If yes are there any frameworks\/Tutorials\/tips\/etc recommended? \nN00b at Python but I have tons of PHP experience and wanted to expand my skill set.\nI know Python is great at server side execution, just wanted to know about client side as well.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":3,"Score":-0.024994793,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":54388,"Q_Id":1540214,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"No. Browsers don't run Python.","Q_Score":68,"Tags":"python,client-side","A_Id":1540233,"CreationDate":"2009-10-08T20:27:00.000","Title":"Can Python be used for client side web development?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If yes are there any frameworks\/Tutorials\/tips\/etc recommended? \nN00b at Python but I have tons of PHP experience and wanted to expand my skill set.\nI know Python is great at server side execution, just wanted to know about client side as well.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0748596907,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":54388,"Q_Id":1540214,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"On Windows, any language that registers for the Windows Scripting Host can run in IE. At least the ActiveState version of Python could do that; I seem to recall that has been superseded by a more official version these days.\nBut that solution requires the user to install a python interpreter and run some script or .reg file to put the correct \"magic\" into the registry for the hooks to work.","Q_Score":68,"Tags":"python,client-side","A_Id":7437506,"CreationDate":"2009-10-08T20:27:00.000","Title":"Can Python be used for client side web development?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to implement a small test utility which consumes extremely simple SOAP XML (HTTP POST) messages. This is a protocol which I have to support, and it's not my design decision to use SOAP (just trying to prevent those \"why do you use protocol X?\" answers) \nI'd like to use stuff that's already in the basic python 2.6.x installation. What's the easiest way to do that? The sole SOAP message is really simple, I'd rather not use any enterprisey tools like WSDL class generation if possible. \nI already implemented the same functionality earlier in Ruby with just plain HTTPServlet::AbstractServlet and REXML parser. Worked fine.\nI thought I could a similar solution in Python with BaseHTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler and the elementree parser, but it's not obvious to me how I can read the contents of my incoming SOAP POST message. The documentation is not that great IMHO.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":515,"Q_Id":1547520,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I wrote something like this in Boo, using a .Net HTTPListener, because I too had to implement someone else's defined WSDL.\nThe WSDL I was given used document\/literal form (you'll need to make some adjustments to this information if your WSDL uses rpc\/encoded).  I wrapped the HTTPListener in a class that allowed client code to register callbacks by SOAP action, and then gave that class a Start method that would kick off the HTTPListener.  You should be able to do something very similar in Python, with a getPOST() method on BaseHTTPServer to:\n\nextract the SOAP action from the HTTP\nheaders\nuse elementtree to extract the SOAP\nheader and SOAP body from the POST'ed\nHTTP\ncall the defined callback for the\nSOAP action, sending these extracted values\nreturn the response text given by the\ncallback in a corresponding SOAP\nenvelope; if the callback raises an\nexception, catch it and re-wrap it as\na SOAP fault\n\nThen you just implement a callback per SOAP action, which gets the XML content passed to it, parses this with elementtree, performs the desired action (or mock action if this is tester), and constructs the necessary response XML (I was not too proud to just create this explicitly using string interpolation, but you could use elementtree to create this by serializing a Python response object).\nIt will help if you can get some real SOAP sample messages in order to help you not tear out your hair, especially in the part where you create the necessary response XML.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,soap","A_Id":1547642,"CreationDate":"2009-10-10T09:49:00.000","Title":"A minimalist, non-enterprisey approach for a SOAP server in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a two websites in php and python.\nWhen a user sends a request to the server I need php\/python to send an HTTP POST request to a remote server. I want to reply to the user immediately without waiting for a response from the remote server.\nIs it possible to continue running a php\/python script after sending a response to the user. In that case I'll first reply to the user and only then send the HTTP POST request to the remote server.\nIs it possible to create a non-blocking HTTP client in php\/python without handling the response at all?\nA solution that will have the same logic in php and python is preferable for me.\nThanks","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12400,"Q_Id":1555517,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What you need to do is have the PHP script execute another script that does the server call and then sends the user the request.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"php,python,nonblocking","A_Id":1555614,"CreationDate":"2009-10-12T16:22:00.000","Title":"sending a non-blocking HTTP POST request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I currently have some Ruby code used to scrape some websites.  I was using Ruby because at the time I was using Ruby on Rails for a site, and it just made sense.\nNow I'm trying to port this over to Google App Engine, and keep getting stuck.\nI've ported Python Mechanize to work with Google App Engine, but it doesn't support DOM inspection with XPATH.\nI've tried the built-in ElementTree, but it choked on the first HTML blob I gave it when it ran into '&mdash'.\nDo I keep trying to hack ElementTree in there, or do I try to use something else?\nthanks,\nMark","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1959,"Q_Id":1563165,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"Beautiful Soup.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,xpath,beautifulsoup,mechanize","A_Id":1563177,"CreationDate":"2009-10-13T21:58:00.000","Title":"What pure Python library should I use to scrape a website?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I currently have some Ruby code used to scrape some websites.  I was using Ruby because at the time I was using Ruby on Rails for a site, and it just made sense.\nNow I'm trying to port this over to Google App Engine, and keep getting stuck.\nI've ported Python Mechanize to work with Google App Engine, but it doesn't support DOM inspection with XPATH.\nI've tried the built-in ElementTree, but it choked on the first HTML blob I gave it when it ran into '&mdash'.\nDo I keep trying to hack ElementTree in there, or do I try to use something else?\nthanks,\nMark","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1959,"Q_Id":1563165,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"lxml -- 100x better than elementtree","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,xpath,beautifulsoup,mechanize","A_Id":1563301,"CreationDate":"2009-10-13T21:58:00.000","Title":"What pure Python library should I use to scrape a website?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Standard libraries (xmlrpclib+SimpleXMLRPCServer in Python 2 and xmlrpc.server in Python 3) report all errors (including usage errors) as python exceptions which is not suitable for public services: exception strings are often not easy understandable without python knowledge and might expose some sensitive information. It's not hard to fix this, but I prefer to avoid reinventing the wheel. Is there a third party library with better error reporting? I'm interested in good fault messages for all usage errors and hiding internals when reporting internal errors (this is better done with logging).\nxmlrpclib already have the constants for such errors: NOT_WELLFORMED_ERROR, UNSUPPORTED_ENCODING, INVALID_ENCODING_CHAR, INVALID_XMLRPC, METHOD_NOT_FOUND, INVALID_METHOD_PARAMS, INTERNAL_ERROR.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1435,"Q_Id":1571598,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think you have a library specific problem.  When using any library or framework you typically want to trap all errors, log them somewhere, and throw up \"Oops, we're having problems.  You may want to contact us at x@x.com with error number 100 and tell us what you did.\"  So wrap your failable entry points in try\/catches, create a generic logger and off you go...","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml-rpc","A_Id":1608160,"CreationDate":"2009-10-15T10:50:00.000","Title":"XML-RPC server with better error reporting","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a python library which implements a standalone TCP stack?\nI can't use the usual python socket library because I'm receiving a stream of packets over a socket (they are being tunneled to me over this socket).  When I receive a TCP SYN packet addressed to a particular port, I'd like to accept the connection (send a syn-ack) and then get the data sent by the other end (ack'ing appropriately).\nI was hoping there was some sort of TCP stack already written which I could utilize.  Any ideas?  I've used lwip in the past for a C project -- something along those lines in python would be perfect.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8496,"Q_Id":1581087,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I know this isn't directly Python related but if you are looking to do heavy network processing, you should consider Erlang instead of Python.  Just a suggestion really... you can always take a shot a doing this with Twisted... if you feel adventurous (and have lots of time on your side) ;-)","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,tcp,network-programming,network-protocols,raw-sockets","A_Id":1581097,"CreationDate":"2009-10-17T00:50:00.000","Title":"Python TCP stack implementation","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a simple crawler in Python using the threading and Queue modules. I fetch a page, check links and put them into a queue, when a certain thread has finished processing page, it grabs the next one from the queue. I'm using an array for the pages I've already visited to filter the links I add to the queue, but if there are more than one threads and they get the same links on different pages, they put duplicate links to the queue. So how can I find out whether some url is already in the queue to avoid putting it there again?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0153834017,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12544,"Q_Id":1581895,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The way I solved this (actually I did this in Scala, not Python) was to use both a Set and a Queue, only adding links to the queue (and set) if they did not already exist in the set.\nBoth the set and queue were encapsulated in a single thread, exposing only a queue-like interface to the consumer threads.\nEdit: someone else suggested SQLite and that is also something I am considering, if the set of visited URLs needs to grow large. (Currently each crawl is only a few hundred pages so it easily fits in memory.) But the database is something that can also be encapsulated within the set itself, so the consumer threads need not be aware of it.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,multithreading,queue","A_Id":1581902,"CreationDate":"2009-10-17T10:21:00.000","Title":"How check if a task is already in python Queue?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a simple crawler in Python using the threading and Queue modules. I fetch a page, check links and put them into a queue, when a certain thread has finished processing page, it grabs the next one from the queue. I'm using an array for the pages I've already visited to filter the links I add to the queue, but if there are more than one threads and they get the same links on different pages, they put duplicate links to the queue. So how can I find out whether some url is already in the queue to avoid putting it there again?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0153834017,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12544,"Q_Id":1581895,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"SQLite is so simple to use and would fit perfectly... just a suggestion.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,multithreading,queue","A_Id":1581903,"CreationDate":"2009-10-17T10:21:00.000","Title":"How check if a task is already in python Queue?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a simple crawler in Python using the threading and Queue modules. I fetch a page, check links and put them into a queue, when a certain thread has finished processing page, it grabs the next one from the queue. I'm using an array for the pages I've already visited to filter the links I add to the queue, but if there are more than one threads and they get the same links on different pages, they put duplicate links to the queue. So how can I find out whether some url is already in the queue to avoid putting it there again?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":-0.0461211021,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12544,"Q_Id":1581895,"Users Score":-3,"Answer":"Also, instead of a set you might try using a dictionary. Operations on sets tend to get rather slow when they're big, whereas a dictionary lookup is nice and quick.\nMy 2c.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,multithreading,queue","A_Id":1581908,"CreationDate":"2009-10-17T10:21:00.000","Title":"How check if a task is already in python Queue?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a simple crawler in Python using the threading and Queue modules. I fetch a page, check links and put them into a queue, when a certain thread has finished processing page, it grabs the next one from the queue. I'm using an array for the pages I've already visited to filter the links I add to the queue, but if there are more than one threads and they get the same links on different pages, they put duplicate links to the queue. So how can I find out whether some url is already in the queue to avoid putting it there again?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0153834017,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12544,"Q_Id":1581895,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Why only use the array (ideally, a dictionary would be even better) to filter things you've already visited? Add things to your array\/dictionary as soon as you queue them up, and only add them to the queue if they're not already in the array\/dict. Then you have 3 simple separate things:\n\nLinks not yet seen (neither in queue nor array\/dict)\nLinks scheduled to be visited (in both queue and array\/dict)\nLinks already visited (in array\/dict, not in queue)","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,multithreading,queue","A_Id":1581920,"CreationDate":"2009-10-17T10:21:00.000","Title":"How check if a task is already in python Queue?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a simple crawler in Python using the threading and Queue modules. I fetch a page, check links and put them into a queue, when a certain thread has finished processing page, it grabs the next one from the queue. I'm using an array for the pages I've already visited to filter the links I add to the queue, but if there are more than one threads and they get the same links on different pages, they put duplicate links to the queue. So how can I find out whether some url is already in the queue to avoid putting it there again?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12544,"Q_Id":1581895,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"instead of \"array of pages already visited\" make an \"array of pages already added to the queue\"","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,multithreading,queue","A_Id":1582421,"CreationDate":"2009-10-17T10:21:00.000","Title":"How check if a task is already in python Queue?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have snapshots of multiple webpages taken at 2 times. What is a reliable method to determine which webpages have been modified? \nI can't rely on something like an RSS feed, and I need to ignore minor noise like date text.\nIdeally I am looking for a Python solution, but an intuitive algorithm would also be great.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2946,"Q_Id":1587902,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"just take snapshots of the files with MD5 or SHA1...if the values differ the next time you check, then they are modified.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,diff,webpage,snapshot","A_Id":1588461,"CreationDate":"2009-10-19T10:13:00.000","Title":"how to determine if webpage has been modified","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking for a way to prevent multiple hosts from issuing simultaneous commands to a Python XMLRPC listener. The listener is responsible for running scripts to perform tasks on that system that would fail if multiple users tried to issue these commands at the same time. Is there a way I can block all incoming requests until the single instance has completed?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5976,"Q_Id":1589150,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are several choices:\n\nUse single-process-single-thread server like SimpleXMLRPCServer to process requests subsequently.\nUse threading.Lock() in threaded server.\nYou some external locking mechanism (like lockfile module or GET_LOCK() function in mysql) in multiprocess server.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,xml-rpc","A_Id":1590010,"CreationDate":"2009-10-19T14:54:00.000","Title":"Python XMLRPC with concurrent requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a way to prevent multiple hosts from issuing simultaneous commands to a Python XMLRPC listener. The listener is responsible for running scripts to perform tasks on that system that would fail if multiple users tried to issue these commands at the same time. Is there a way I can block all incoming requests until the single instance has completed?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5976,"Q_Id":1589150,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Can you have another communication channel? If yes, then have a \"call me back when it is my turn\" protocol running between the server and the clients.\nIn other words, each client would register its intention to issue requests to the server and the said server would \"callback\" the next-up client when it is ready.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,xml-rpc","A_Id":1589181,"CreationDate":"2009-10-19T14:54:00.000","Title":"Python XMLRPC with concurrent requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an XML document that I would like to update after it already contains data.\nI thought about opening the XML file in \"a\" (append) mode. The problem is that the new data will be written after the root closing tag.\nHow can I delete the last line of a file, then start writing data from that point, and then close the root tag?\nOf course I could read the whole file and do some string manipulations, but I don't think that's the best idea..","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0444152037,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":153237,"Q_Id":1591579,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"To make this process more robust, you could consider using the SAX parser (that way  you don't have to hold the whole file in memory), read & write till the end of tree and then start appending.","Q_Score":49,"Tags":"python,xml,io","A_Id":1591732,"CreationDate":"2009-10-19T22:52:00.000","Title":"How to update\/modify an XML file in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So, within a webapp.RequestHandler subclass I would use self.request.uri to get the request URI. But, I can't access this outside of a RequestHandler and so no go. Any ideas?\nI'm running Python and I'm new at it as well as GAE.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":786,"Q_Id":1593483,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You should generally be doing everything within some sort of RequestHandler or the equivalent in your non-WebApp framework.  However, if you really insist on being stuck in the early 1990s and writing plain CGI scripts, the environment variables SERVER_NAME and PATH_INFO may be what you want; see a CGI reference for more info.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine","A_Id":1593985,"CreationDate":"2009-10-20T09:33:00.000","Title":"Get the request uri outside of a RequestHandler in Google App Engine (Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I simply want to create an automatic script that can run (preferably) on a web-server, and simply 'clicks' on an object of a web page. I am new to Python or whatever language this would be used for so I thought I would go here to ask where to start! This may seem like I want the script to scam advertisements or do something illegal, but it's simply to interact with another website.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23157,"Q_Id":1597833,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"It doesn't have to be Python, I've seen it done in PHP and Perl, and you can probably do it in many other languages.\nThe general approach is:\n1) You give your app a URL and it makes an HTTP request to that URL. I think I have seen this done with php\/wget. Probably many other ways to do it.\n2) Scan the HTTP response for other URLs that you want to \"click\" (really, sending HTTP requests to them), and then send requests to those. Parsing the links usually requires some understanding of regular expressions (if you are not familiar with regular expressions, brush up on it - it's important stuff ;)).","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,bots","A_Id":1597878,"CreationDate":"2009-10-20T23:18:00.000","Title":"Where do I start with a web bot?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a XML document \"abc.xml\": \nI need to write a function replace(name, newvalue) which can replace the value node with tag 'name' with the new value and write it back to the disk. Is this possible in python? How should I do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2424,"Q_Id":1602919,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Sure it is possible. \nThe xml.etree.ElementTree module will help you with parsing XML, finding tags and replacing values.\nIf you know a little bit more about the XML file you want to change, you can probably make the task a bit easier than if you need to write a generic function that will handle any XML file.\nIf you are already familiar with DOM parsing, there's a xml.dom package to use instead of the ElementTree one.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,python-3.x","A_Id":1603011,"CreationDate":"2009-10-21T19:02:00.000","Title":"Setting value for a node in XML document in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been taking a few graduate classes with a professor I like alot and she raves about SAS all of the time.  I \"grew up\" learning stats using SPSS, and with their recent decisions to integrate their stats engine with R and Python, I find it difficult to muster up the desire to learn anything else.  I am not that strong in Python, but I can get by with most tasks that I want to accomplish.\nAdmittedly, I do see the upside to SAS, but I have learned to do some pretty cool things combining SPSS and Python, like grabbing data from the web and analyzing it real-time.  Plus, I really like that I can use the GUI to generate the base for my code before I add my final modifications.  In SAS, it looks like I would have to program everything by hand (ignoring Enterprise Guide).\nMy question is this.  Can you grab data from the web and parse it into SAS datasets?  This is a deal-breaker for me.  What about interfacing with API's like Google Analytics, Twitter, etc?  Are there external IDE's that you can use to write and execute SAS programs? \nAny help will be greatly appreciated.\nBrock","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2215,"Q_Id":1628372,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"yes. sas 9.2 can interact with soap and restful apis. i haven't had much success with twitter. i have had some success with google spreadsheets (in sas 9.1.3) and i've seen code to pull google analytics (in sas 9.2).\nas with python and r, you can write the code in any text editor, but you'll need to have sas to actually execute it. lately, i've been bouncing between eclipse, pspad, and sas's enhanced editor for writing code, but i always have to submit in sas.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,statistics,sas","A_Id":1628669,"CreationDate":"2009-10-27T01:56:00.000","Title":"SAS and Web Data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Ive been working on a feature of my application to implement a leaderboard - basically stack rank users according to their score.  Im currently tracking the score on an individual basis.  My thought is that this leaderboard should be relative instead of absolute i.e. instead of having the top 10 highest scoring users across the site, its a top 10  among a user's friend network.  This seems better because everyone has a chance to be #1 in their network and there is a form of friendly competition for those that are interested in this sort of thing.  Im already storing the score for each user so the challenge is how to compute the rank of that score in real time in an efficient way.  Im using Google App Engine so there are some benefits and limitations (e.g., IN [array]) queries perform a sub-query for every element of the array and also are limited to 30 elements per statement\nFor example\n1st Jack 100 \n2nd John 50 \nHere are the approaches I came up with but they all seem to be inefficient and I thought that this community could come up with something more elegant.  My sense is that any solution will likely be done with a cron and that I will store a daily rank and list order to optimize read operations but it would be cool if there is something more lightweight and real time\n\nPull the list of all users of the site ordered by score.\nFor each user pick their friends out of that list and create new rankings.\nStore the rank and list order.\nUpdate daily.\nCons - If I get a lot of users this will take forever\n\n2a. For each user pick their friends and for each friend pick score.\nSort that list.\nStore the rank and list order.\nUpdate daily.\nRecord the last position of each user so that the pre-existing list can be used for re-ordering for the next update in order to make it more efficient (may save sorting time)\n2b.  Same as above except only compute the rank and list order for people who's profiles have been viewed in the last day\nCons - rank is only up to date for the 2nd person that views  the profile","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1929,"Q_Id":1628562,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"If writes are very rare compared to reads (a key assumption in most key-value stores, and not just in those;-), then you might prefer to take a time hit when you need to update scores (a write) rather than to get the relative leaderboards (a read).  Specifically, when a user's score change, queue up tasks for each of their friends to update their \"relative leaderboards\" and keep those leaderboards as list attributes (which do keep order!-) suitably sorted (yep, the latter's a denormalization -- it's often necessary to denormalize, i.e., duplicate information appropriately, to exploit key-value stores at their best!-).\nOf course you'll also update the relative leaderboards when a friendship (user to user connection) disappears or appears, but those should (I imagine) be even rarer than score updates;-).\nIf writes are pretty frequent, since you don't need perfectly precise up-to-the-second info (i.e., it's not financials\/accounting stuff;-), you still have many viable approaches to try.\nE.g., big score changes (rarer) might trigger the relative-leaderboards recomputes, while smaller ones (more frequent) get stashed away and only applied once in a while \"when you get around to it\".  It's hard to be more specific without ballpark numbers about frequency of updates of various magnitude, typical network-friendship cluster sizes, etc, etc.  I know, like everybody else, you want a perfect approach that applies no matter how different the sizes and frequencies in question... but, you just won't find one!-)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,leaderboard","A_Id":1628703,"CreationDate":"2009-10-27T03:07:00.000","Title":"Real time update of relative leaderboard for each user among friends","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically, what I'm trying to do is simply make a small script that accesses finds the most recent post in a forum and pulls some text or an image out of it.  I have this working in python, using the htmllib module and some regex.  But, the script still isn't very convenient as is, it would be much nicer if I could somehow put it into an HTML document.  It appears that simply embedding Python scripts is not possible, so I'm looking to see if theres a similar feature like python's htmllib that can be used to access some other webpage and extract some information from it.  \n(Essentially, if I could get this script going in the form of an html document, I could just open one html document, rather than navigate to several different pages to get the information I want to check)\nI'm pretty sure that javascript doesn't have the functionality I need, but I was wondering about other languages such as jQuery, or even something like AJAX?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":213,"Q_Id":1628564,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are two general approaches:\n\nModify your Python code so that it runs as a CGI (or WSGI or whatever) module and generate the page of interest by running some server side code.\nUse Javascript with jQuery to load the content of interest by running some client side code.\n\nThe difference between these two approaches is where the third party server sees the requests coming from. In the first case, it's from your web server. In the second case, it's from the browser of the user accessing your page.\nSome browsers may not handle loading content from third party servers very gracefully (that is, they might pop up warning boxes or something).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python","A_Id":1628598,"CreationDate":"2009-10-27T03:07:00.000","Title":"Is it possible access other webpages from within another page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Instead of just using urllib does anyone know of the most efficient package for fast, multithreaded downloading of URLs that can operate through http proxies? I know of a few such as Twisted, Scrapy, libcurl etc. but I don't know enough about them to make a decision or even if they can use proxies.. Anyone know of the best one for my purposes? Thanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9003,"Q_Id":1628766,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"usually proxies filter websites categorically based on how the website was created. It is difficult to transmit data through proxies based on categories. Eg youtube is classified as audio\/video streams therefore youtube is blocked in some places espically schools.\nIf you want to bypass proxies and get the data off a website and put it in your own genuine website like a dot com website that can be registered it to you.\nWhen you are making and registering the website categorise your website as anything you want.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,proxy,multithreading,web-crawler,pool","A_Id":5803567,"CreationDate":"2009-10-27T04:23:00.000","Title":"Python Package For Multi-Threaded Spider w\/ Proxy Support?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm learning socket programming (in python) and I was wondering what the best\/typical way of encapsulating data is? My packets will be used to issue run, stop, configure, etc. commands on the receiving side.  Is it helpful to use JSON or just straight text?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":916,"Q_Id":1633934,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're developing something as a learning exercise you might find it best to go with a structured text (ie. human readable and human writable) format.\nAn example would be to use a fixed number of fields per command, fixed width text fields and\/or easily parsable field delimiters.\nGenerally text is less efficient in terms of packet size, but it does have the benefits that you can read it easily if you do a packet capture (eg. using wireshark) or if you want to use telnet to mimic a client.\nAnd if this is only a learning exercise then ease of debugging is a significant issue.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":1634178,"CreationDate":"2009-10-27T22:03:00.000","Title":"Designing a simple network packet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm learning socket programming (in python) and I was wondering what the best\/typical way of encapsulating data is? My packets will be used to issue run, stop, configure, etc. commands on the receiving side.  Is it helpful to use JSON or just straight text?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":916,"Q_Id":1633934,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I suggest plain text to begin with - it is easier to debug. The format that your text takes depends on what you're doing, how many commands, arguments, etc. Have you fleshed out how your commands will look? Once you figure out what that looks like it'll likely suggest a format all on its own.\nAre you using TCP or UDP? TCP is easy since it is a stream, but if you're using UDP keep in mind the maximum size of UDP packets and thus how big your message can be.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":1635005,"CreationDate":"2009-10-27T22:03:00.000","Title":"Designing a simple network packet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a file, which change it content in a short time. But I'd like to read it before it is ready. The problem is, that it is an xml-file (log). So when you read it, it could be, that not all tags are closed.\nI would like to know if there is a possibility to close all opened tags correctly, that there are no problems to show it in the browser (with xslt stylsheet). This should be made by using included features of python.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1809,"Q_Id":1644994,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could use BeautifulStoneSoup (XML part of BeautifulSoup).\nwww.crummy.com\/software\/BeautifulSoup\nIt's not ideal, but it would circumvent the problem if you cannot fix the file's output...\nIt's basically a previously implemented version of what Denis said.\nYou can just join whatever you need into the soup and it will do its best to fix it.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":1652871,"CreationDate":"2009-10-29T16:36:00.000","Title":"Close all opened xml tags","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a file, which change it content in a short time. But I'd like to read it before it is ready. The problem is, that it is an xml-file (log). So when you read it, it could be, that not all tags are closed.\nI would like to know if there is a possibility to close all opened tags correctly, that there are no problems to show it in the browser (with xslt stylsheet). This should be made by using included features of python.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1809,"Q_Id":1644994,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use any SAX parser by feeding data available so far to it. Use SAX handler that just reconstructs source XML, keep the stack of tags opened and close them in reverse order at the end.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":1645047,"CreationDate":"2009-10-29T16:36:00.000","Title":"Close all opened xml tags","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to write simple proxy server for some purpose. In it I use httplib to access remote web-server. But there's one problem: web server returns TWO Set-Cookie headers in one response, and httplib mangles them together in httplib.HTTPResponse.getheaders(), effectively joining cookies with comma [which is strange, because getheaders returns a LIST, not DICT, so I thought they wrote it with multiple headers of the same name). So, when I send this joined header back to client, it confuses client. How can I obtain full list of headers in httplib (without just splitting Set-Cookie header on commas)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2867,"Q_Id":1649401,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"HTTPResponse.getheaders() returns a list of combined headers (actually my calling dict.items()). The only place where incoming headers are stored untouched is HTTPResponse.msg.headers.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,httplib","A_Id":1649579,"CreationDate":"2009-10-30T12:03:00.000","Title":"How to handle multiple Set-Cookie header in HTTP response","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want a fast way to grab a URL and parse it while streaming. Ideally this should be super fast. My language of choice is Python. I have an intuition that twisted can do this but I'm at a loss to find an example.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1573,"Q_Id":1659380,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You only need to parse a single URL? Then don't worry. Use urllib2 to open the connection and pass the file handle into ElementTree.\nVariations you can try would be to use ElementTree's incremental parser or to use iterparse, but that depends on what your real requirements are. There's \"super fast\" but there's also \"fast enough.\"\nIt's only when you start having multiple simultaneous connections where you should look at Twisted or multithreading.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,twisted","A_Id":1682249,"CreationDate":"2009-11-02T04:06:00.000","Title":"How do I fetch an XML document and parse it with Python twisted?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am interested in your opinions on unittesting code that uses Corba to communicate with a server.\nWould you mock the Corba objects? In Python that's sort of a pain in the ass because all the methods of Corba objects are loaded dynamically. So you're basically stuck with \"mock anything\".\nThanks!\nNote:\nI believe I have not made myself clear enough, so I'll try to give a somewhat more concrete example:\nA web application needs to display a page containing data received from the server. It obtains the data by calling server_pagetable.getData() and then formats the data, converts them to the correct python types (because Corba does not have e.g. a date type etc.) and finally creates the HTML code to be displayed.\nAnd this is what I would like to test - the methods that receive the data and do all the transformations and finally create the HTML code.\nI believe the most straightforward decision is to mock the Corba objects as they essentially comprise both the networking and db functionality (which ought not to be tested in unit tests). \nIt's just that this is quite a lot of \"extra work\" to do - mocking all the Corba objects (there is a User object, a server session object, the pagetable object, an admin object etc.). Maybe it's just because I'm stuck with Corba and therefore I have to reflect the object hierarchy dictated by the server with mocks. On the other hand, it could be that there is some cool elegant solution to testing code using Corba that just did not cross my mind.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":625,"Q_Id":1660049,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Don't try to unittest Corba. Assume that Corba works. Unittest your own code. This means:\n\nCreate a unit test which checks that you correctly set up Corba and that you can invoke a single method and read a property. If that works, all other methods and properties will work, too.\nAfter that, test that all the exposed objects work correctly. You don't need Corba for this.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,mocking,corba","A_Id":1660185,"CreationDate":"2009-11-02T08:38:00.000","Title":"Unittesting Corba in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am interested in your opinions on unittesting code that uses Corba to communicate with a server.\nWould you mock the Corba objects? In Python that's sort of a pain in the ass because all the methods of Corba objects are loaded dynamically. So you're basically stuck with \"mock anything\".\nThanks!\nNote:\nI believe I have not made myself clear enough, so I'll try to give a somewhat more concrete example:\nA web application needs to display a page containing data received from the server. It obtains the data by calling server_pagetable.getData() and then formats the data, converts them to the correct python types (because Corba does not have e.g. a date type etc.) and finally creates the HTML code to be displayed.\nAnd this is what I would like to test - the methods that receive the data and do all the transformations and finally create the HTML code.\nI believe the most straightforward decision is to mock the Corba objects as they essentially comprise both the networking and db functionality (which ought not to be tested in unit tests). \nIt's just that this is quite a lot of \"extra work\" to do - mocking all the Corba objects (there is a User object, a server session object, the pagetable object, an admin object etc.). Maybe it's just because I'm stuck with Corba and therefore I have to reflect the object hierarchy dictated by the server with mocks. On the other hand, it could be that there is some cool elegant solution to testing code using Corba that just did not cross my mind.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":625,"Q_Id":1660049,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would set up a test server, and do live tests on that. Unittesting can be tricky with network stuff, so it's best to keep it as real as possible. Any mocking would be done on the test server, for instance if you need to communicate to three different servers, it could be set up with three different IP addresses to play the role of all three servers.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,mocking,corba","A_Id":1660187,"CreationDate":"2009-11-02T08:38:00.000","Title":"Unittesting Corba in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am interested in your opinions on unittesting code that uses Corba to communicate with a server.\nWould you mock the Corba objects? In Python that's sort of a pain in the ass because all the methods of Corba objects are loaded dynamically. So you're basically stuck with \"mock anything\".\nThanks!\nNote:\nI believe I have not made myself clear enough, so I'll try to give a somewhat more concrete example:\nA web application needs to display a page containing data received from the server. It obtains the data by calling server_pagetable.getData() and then formats the data, converts them to the correct python types (because Corba does not have e.g. a date type etc.) and finally creates the HTML code to be displayed.\nAnd this is what I would like to test - the methods that receive the data and do all the transformations and finally create the HTML code.\nI believe the most straightforward decision is to mock the Corba objects as they essentially comprise both the networking and db functionality (which ought not to be tested in unit tests). \nIt's just that this is quite a lot of \"extra work\" to do - mocking all the Corba objects (there is a User object, a server session object, the pagetable object, an admin object etc.). Maybe it's just because I'm stuck with Corba and therefore I have to reflect the object hierarchy dictated by the server with mocks. On the other hand, it could be that there is some cool elegant solution to testing code using Corba that just did not cross my mind.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":625,"Q_Id":1660049,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I have got similar work to tackle but I probably will not write a test for implementation of CORBA objects or more specifically COM objects (implementation of CORBA). I have to write tests for work that uses these structures as oppose to the structures themselves (although I could land myself in that role too if I ask too many questions). In the end of the day, unittest is integration on a smaller scale so whenever I write tests I am always thinking of input and outputs rather than actual structures.  From the way you have written your problem my concentration would be on the data of server_pagetable.getData() and the output HTML without caring too much about what happens inbetween (because that is the code you are testing, you don't want to define the code in the test but ensure that output is correct).  If you want to test individual functions inbetween then I would get mock data (essentially still data, so you can generate mock data rather than mock class if possible).  Mocks are only used when you don't have parts of the full code and those functions needs some input from those parts of the code but as you are not interested in them or don't have them you simplify the interaction with them. This is just my opinion.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,mocking,corba","A_Id":51438774,"CreationDate":"2009-11-02T08:38:00.000","Title":"Unittesting Corba in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using SUDS SOAP client how do I specify web service URL. I can see clearly that WSDL path is specified in Client constructor but what if I wan't to change web service url?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5956,"Q_Id":1670569,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think you have to create a new Client object for each different URL.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,soap,suds","A_Id":1670775,"CreationDate":"2009-11-03T22:31:00.000","Title":"Changing web service url in SUDS library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to write a Python lib that will implement the client side of a certain chat protocol.  \nAfter I connect to the server,\nI start the main loop where I read from the server and handle received commands and here I need to call a callback function (like on_message or on file_received, etc).  \nHow should I go about implementing this?\nShould a start a new thread for each callback function? As maybe some callbacks will take some time to return and I will timeout.\nAlso,\nIf the main loop where I read from the server is in a thread can I write to the socket from another thread(send messages to the server)?\nOr is there a better approach?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":481,"Q_Id":1670735,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I would use the select module, or alternately twisted, however select is a bit more portable, and to my mind somewhat more pythonic.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,chat","A_Id":1671922,"CreationDate":"2009-11-03T23:05:00.000","Title":"python chat client lib","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python (well, it's php now but we're rewriting) function that takes some parameters (A and B) and compute some results (finds best path from A to B in a graph, graph is read-only), in typical scenario one call takes 0.1s to 0.9s to complete. This function is accessed by users as a simple REST web-service (GET bestpath.php?from=A&to=B). Current implementation is quite stupid - it's a simple php script+apache+mod_php+APC, every requests needs to load all the data (over 12MB in php arrays), create all structures, compute a path and exit. I want to change it. \nI want a setup with N independent workers (X per server with Y servers), each worker is a python app running in a loop (getting request -> processing -> sending reply -> getting req...), each worker can process one request at a time. I need something that will act as a frontend: get requests from users, manage queue of requests (with configurable timeout) and feed my workers with one request at a time. \nhow to approach this? can you propose some setup? nginx + fcgi or wsgi or something else? haproxy? as you can see i'am a newbie in python, reverse-proxy, etc. i just need a starting point about architecture (and data flow)\nbtw. workers are using read-only data so there is no need to maintain locking and communication between them","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2509,"Q_Id":1674696,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Another option is a queue table in the database.\nThe worker processes run in a loop or off cron and poll the queue table for new jobs.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,nginx,load-balancing,wsgi,reverse-proxy","A_Id":1718183,"CreationDate":"2009-11-04T15:51:00.000","Title":"how to process long-running requests in python workers?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python (well, it's php now but we're rewriting) function that takes some parameters (A and B) and compute some results (finds best path from A to B in a graph, graph is read-only), in typical scenario one call takes 0.1s to 0.9s to complete. This function is accessed by users as a simple REST web-service (GET bestpath.php?from=A&to=B). Current implementation is quite stupid - it's a simple php script+apache+mod_php+APC, every requests needs to load all the data (over 12MB in php arrays), create all structures, compute a path and exit. I want to change it. \nI want a setup with N independent workers (X per server with Y servers), each worker is a python app running in a loop (getting request -> processing -> sending reply -> getting req...), each worker can process one request at a time. I need something that will act as a frontend: get requests from users, manage queue of requests (with configurable timeout) and feed my workers with one request at a time. \nhow to approach this? can you propose some setup? nginx + fcgi or wsgi or something else? haproxy? as you can see i'am a newbie in python, reverse-proxy, etc. i just need a starting point about architecture (and data flow)\nbtw. workers are using read-only data so there is no need to maintain locking and communication between them","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2509,"Q_Id":1674696,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you can configure modwsgi\/Apache so it will have several \"hot\" Python interpreters\nin separate processes ready to go at all times and also reuse them for new accesses\n(and spawn a new one if they are all busy).\nIn this case you could load all the preprocessed data as module globals and they would\nonly get loaded once per process and get reused for each new access.  In fact I'm not sure this isn't the default configuration\nfor modwsgi\/Apache.\nThe main problem here is that you might end up consuming\na lot of \"core\" memory (but that may not be a problem either).\nI think you can also configure modwsgi for single process\/multiple\nthread -- but in that case you may only be using one CPU because\nof the Python Global Interpreter Lock (the infamous GIL), I think.\nDon't be afraid to ask at the modwsgi mailing list -- they are very\nresponsive and friendly.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,nginx,load-balancing,wsgi,reverse-proxy","A_Id":1675726,"CreationDate":"2009-11-04T15:51:00.000","Title":"how to process long-running requests in python workers?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python (well, it's php now but we're rewriting) function that takes some parameters (A and B) and compute some results (finds best path from A to B in a graph, graph is read-only), in typical scenario one call takes 0.1s to 0.9s to complete. This function is accessed by users as a simple REST web-service (GET bestpath.php?from=A&to=B). Current implementation is quite stupid - it's a simple php script+apache+mod_php+APC, every requests needs to load all the data (over 12MB in php arrays), create all structures, compute a path and exit. I want to change it. \nI want a setup with N independent workers (X per server with Y servers), each worker is a python app running in a loop (getting request -> processing -> sending reply -> getting req...), each worker can process one request at a time. I need something that will act as a frontend: get requests from users, manage queue of requests (with configurable timeout) and feed my workers with one request at a time. \nhow to approach this? can you propose some setup? nginx + fcgi or wsgi or something else? haproxy? as you can see i'am a newbie in python, reverse-proxy, etc. i just need a starting point about architecture (and data flow)\nbtw. workers are using read-only data so there is no need to maintain locking and communication between them","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2509,"Q_Id":1674696,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The most simple solution in this case is to use the webserver to do all the heavy lifting. Why should you handle threads and\/or processes when the webserver will do all that for you?\nThe standard arrangement in deployments of Python is:\n\nThe webserver start a number of processes each running a complete python interpreter and loading all your data into memory.\nHTTP request comes in and gets dispatched off to some process\nProcess does your calculation and returns the result directly to the webserver and user\nWhen you need to change your code or the graph data, you restart the webserver and go back to step 1.\n\nThis is the architecture used Django and other popular web frameworks.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,nginx,load-balancing,wsgi,reverse-proxy","A_Id":1682864,"CreationDate":"2009-11-04T15:51:00.000","Title":"how to process long-running requests in python workers?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python (well, it's php now but we're rewriting) function that takes some parameters (A and B) and compute some results (finds best path from A to B in a graph, graph is read-only), in typical scenario one call takes 0.1s to 0.9s to complete. This function is accessed by users as a simple REST web-service (GET bestpath.php?from=A&to=B). Current implementation is quite stupid - it's a simple php script+apache+mod_php+APC, every requests needs to load all the data (over 12MB in php arrays), create all structures, compute a path and exit. I want to change it. \nI want a setup with N independent workers (X per server with Y servers), each worker is a python app running in a loop (getting request -> processing -> sending reply -> getting req...), each worker can process one request at a time. I need something that will act as a frontend: get requests from users, manage queue of requests (with configurable timeout) and feed my workers with one request at a time. \nhow to approach this? can you propose some setup? nginx + fcgi or wsgi or something else? haproxy? as you can see i'am a newbie in python, reverse-proxy, etc. i just need a starting point about architecture (and data flow)\nbtw. workers are using read-only data so there is no need to maintain locking and communication between them","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2509,"Q_Id":1674696,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could use nginx load balancer to proxy to PythonPaste paster (which serves WSGI, for example Pylons), that launches each request as separate thread anyway.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,nginx,load-balancing,wsgi,reverse-proxy","A_Id":1676102,"CreationDate":"2009-11-04T15:51:00.000","Title":"how to process long-running requests in python workers?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How do I get started with getting going with XML-RPC with joomla? I've been looking around for documentation and finding nothing...\nI'd like to connect to a joomla server, (after enabling the Core Joomla XML-RPC plugin), and be able to do things like login and add an article, and tweak all the parameters of the article if possible.\nMy xml-rpc client implementation will be in python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2670,"Q_Id":1694205,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"the book \"Mastering Joomla 1.5 Extension and Framework Development\" has a nice explanation of that.\nJoomla has a fex XML-RPC plugins that let you do a few things, like the blogger API interface. (plugins\/xmlrpc\/blogger.php)\nYou should create your own XML-RPC plugin to do the custom things you want.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,joomla,xml-rpc","A_Id":1696183,"CreationDate":"2009-11-07T19:53:00.000","Title":"Joomla and XMLRPC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"currently im making some crawler script,one of problem is \nsometimes if i open webpage with PAMIE,webpage can't open and hang forever.\nare there any method to close PAMIE's IE  or win32com's IE ? \nsuch like if webpage didn't response or loading complete less than 10sec or so .\nthanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":294,"Q_Id":1698362,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think what you are looking for is somewhere to set the timeout on your request. I would suggest looking into the documentation on PAMIE.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,time,multithreading,pamie","A_Id":1698371,"CreationDate":"2009-11-08T23:40:00.000","Title":"win32com and PAMIE web page open timeout","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"currently im making some crawler script,one of problem is \nsometimes if i open webpage with PAMIE,webpage can't open and hang forever.\nare there any method to close PAMIE's IE  or win32com's IE ? \nsuch like if webpage didn't response or loading complete less than 10sec or so .\nthanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":294,"Q_Id":1698362,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Just use, to initialize your PAMIE instance, PAMIE(timeOut=100) or whatever.  The units of measure for timeOut are \"tenths of a second\" (!); the default is 3000 (300 seconds, i.e., 5 minutes); with 300 as I suggested, you'd time out after 10 seconds as you request.\n(You can pass the timeOut= parameter even when you're initializing with a URL, but in that case the timeout will only be active after the initial navigation).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,time,multithreading,pamie","A_Id":1698422,"CreationDate":"2009-11-08T23:40:00.000","Title":"win32com and PAMIE web page open timeout","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use Python to write a client that connects to a custom http server that uses digest authentication.  I can connect and pull the first request without problem.  Using TCPDUMP (I am on MAC OS X--I am both a MAC and a Python noob) I can see the first request is actually two http requests, as you would expect if you are familiar with RFC2617. The first results in the 401 UNAUTHORIZED.  The header information sent back from the server is correctly used to generate headers for a second request with some custom Authorization header values which yields a 200 OK response and the payload.\nEverything is great.  My HTTPDigestAuthHandler opener is working, thanks to urllib2. \nIn the same program I attempt to request a second, different page, from the same server.  I expect, per the RFC, that the TCPDUMP will show only one request this time, using almost all the same Authorization Header information (nc should increment).\nInstead it starts from scratch and first gets the 401 and regenerates the information needed for a 200.\nIs it possible with urllib2 to have subsequent requests with digest authentication recycle the known Authorization Header values and only do one request?\n[Re-read that a couple times until it makes sense, I am not sure how to make it any more plain]\nGoogle has yielded surprisingly little so I guess not.  I looked at the code for urllib2.py and its really messy (comments like: \"This isn't a fabulous effort\"), so I wouldn't be shocked if this was a bug.  I noticed that my Connection Header is Closed, and even if I set it to keepalive, it gets overwritten.  That led me to keepalive.py but that didn't work for me either.\nPycurl won't work either.\nI can hand code the entire interaction, but I would like to piggy back on existing libraries where possible.\nIn summary, is it possible with urllib2 and digest authentication to get 2 pages from the same server with only 3 http requests executed (2 for first page, 1 for second).\nIf you happen to have tried this before and already know its not possible please let me know.  If you have an alternative I am all ears.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1902,"Q_Id":1706644,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Although it's not available out of the box, urllib2 is flexible enough to add it yourself. Subclass HTTPDigestAuthHandler, hack it (retry_http_digest_auth method I think) to remember authentication information and define an http_request(self, request) method to use it for all subsequent requests (add WWW-Authenticate header).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,authentication,urllib2,digest","A_Id":1717241,"CreationDate":"2009-11-10T09:29:00.000","Title":"Client Digest Authentication Python with URLLIB2 will not remember Authorization Header Information","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Then how do I import that? I run everything in python 2.4, but one of my scripts import xml.etree.ElementTree...which is only Python 2.5","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1923,"Q_Id":1713398,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Then it fails.\nYou can't import a python 2.5 library while you're running python 2.4. It won't work.\nWhy can't you run python 2.5+?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,unix","A_Id":1713411,"CreationDate":"2009-11-11T06:20:00.000","Title":"What if one of my programs runs in python 2.4, but IMPORTS something that requires python 2.5?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any library to deserialize with python which is serialized with java?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8371,"Q_Id":1714624,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Java binary serialization is really designed to be used with Java. To do it in Python you'd have to have all the relevant Java classes available for inspection, and create Python objects appropriately - it would be pretty hideous and fragile.\nYou're better off using a cross-platform serialization format such as Thrift, Protocol Buffers, JSON or XML. If you can't change which serialization format is used in the Java code, I'd suggest writing new Java code which deserializes from the binary format and then reserializes to a cross-platform format.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"java,python,serialization","A_Id":1714644,"CreationDate":"2009-11-11T11:33:00.000","Title":"Is there any library to deserialize with python which is serialized with java","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any library to deserialize with python which is serialized with java?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8371,"Q_Id":1714624,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are using Java classes, then I don't even know what it would mean to deserialize a Java class in a Python environment.  If you are only using simple primitives (ints, floats, strings), then it probably wouldn't be too hard to build a Python library that could deserialize the Java format.\nBut as others have said, there are better cross-platform solutions.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"java,python,serialization","A_Id":1714862,"CreationDate":"2009-11-11T11:33:00.000","Title":"Is there any library to deserialize with python which is serialized with java","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I currently have a small Python script that I'm using to spawn multiple executables, (voice chat servers), and in the next version of the software, the servers have the ability to receive heartbeat signals on the UDP port. (There will be possibly thousands of servers on one machine, ranging from ports 7878 and up)\nMy problem is that these servers might (read: will) be running on the same machine as my Python script and I had planned on opening a UDP port, and just sending the heartbeat, waiting for the reply, and voila...I could restart servers when\/if they weren't responding by killing the task and re-loading the server.\nProblem is that I cannot open a UDP port that the server is already using.  Is there a way around this?  The project lead is implementing the heartbeat still, so I'm sure any suggestions in how the heartbeat system could be implemented would be welcome also. -- This is a pretty generic script though that might apply to other programs so my main focus is still communicating on that UDP port.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5210,"Q_Id":1722993,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm pretty sure this is possible on Linux; I don't know about other UNIXes.\nThere are two ways to propagate a file descriptor from one process to another:\n\nWhen a process fork()s, the child inherits all the file descriptors of the parent.\nA process can send a file descriptor to another process over a \"UNIX Domain Socket\".  See sendmsg() and recvmsg().  In Python, the _multiprocessing extension module will do this for you; see _multiprocessing.sendfd() and _multiprocessing.recvfd().\n\nI haven't experimented with multiple processes listening on UDP sockets.  But for TCP, on Linux, if multiple processes all listen on a single TCP socket, one of them will be randomly chosen when a connection comes in.  So I suspect Linux does something sensible when multiple processes are all listening on the same UDP socket.\nTry it and let us know!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,udp,communication,daemon,ports","A_Id":1723643,"CreationDate":"2009-11-12T15:22:00.000","Title":"Multiple programs using the same UDP port? Possible?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I currently have a small Python script that I'm using to spawn multiple executables, (voice chat servers), and in the next version of the software, the servers have the ability to receive heartbeat signals on the UDP port. (There will be possibly thousands of servers on one machine, ranging from ports 7878 and up)\nMy problem is that these servers might (read: will) be running on the same machine as my Python script and I had planned on opening a UDP port, and just sending the heartbeat, waiting for the reply, and voila...I could restart servers when\/if they weren't responding by killing the task and re-loading the server.\nProblem is that I cannot open a UDP port that the server is already using.  Is there a way around this?  The project lead is implementing the heartbeat still, so I'm sure any suggestions in how the heartbeat system could be implemented would be welcome also. -- This is a pretty generic script though that might apply to other programs so my main focus is still communicating on that UDP port.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5210,"Q_Id":1722993,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This isn't possible. What you'll have to do is have one UDP master program that handles all UDP communication over the one port, and communicates with your servers in another way (UDP on different ports, named pipes, ...)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,udp,communication,daemon,ports","A_Id":1723017,"CreationDate":"2009-11-12T15:22:00.000","Title":"Multiple programs using the same UDP port? Possible?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In short I'm creating a Flash based multiplayer game and I'm now starting to work on the server-side code.  Well I'm the sole developer of the project so I'm seeking a high-level socket library that works well with games to speed up my development time.\nI was trying to use the Twisted Framework (for Python) but I'm having some personal issues with it so I'm looking for another solution.\nI'm open to either Java or a Python based library.  The main thing is that the library is stable enough for multiplayer games and the library needs to be \"high-level\" (abstract) since I'm new to socket programming for games.\nI want to also note that I will be using the raw binary socket for my Flash game (Actionscript 3.0) since I assume it will be faster than the traditional Flash XML socket.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8269,"Q_Id":1728266,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"High-level on one side and raw binary sockets on the other won't work.  Sorry, but you'll need to go low-level on the server side too.\nEDIT: in response to the OP's comment.  I am not aware of any \"high level\" interface of the nature that you are talking about for Java.  And frankly I don't think it makes a lot of sense.  If you are going to talk bytes over Socket streams you really do need to understand the standard JDK Socket \/ ServerSocket APIs; e.g. timeouts, keep-alive, etc.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"java,python,sockets","A_Id":1728302,"CreationDate":"2009-11-13T09:55:00.000","Title":"Seeking a High-Level Library for Socket Programming (Java or Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm not familiar with PowerBuilder but I have a task to create Automatic UI Test Application for PB. We've decided to do it in Python with pywinauto and iaccesible libraries. The problem is that some UI elements like newly added lists record can not be accesed from it (even inspect32 can't get it). \nAny ideas how to reach this elements and make them testable?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3825,"Q_Id":1741023,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I'm experimenting with code for a tool for automating PowerBuilder-based GUIs as well. From what I can see, your best bet would be to use the PowerBuilder Native Interface (PBNI), and call PowerScript code from within your NVO.\nIf you like, feel free to send me an email (see my profile for my email address), I'd be interested in exchanging ideas about how to do this.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,testing,powerbuilder","A_Id":1741142,"CreationDate":"2009-11-16T09:23:00.000","Title":"How to make PowerBuilder UI testing application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm not familiar with PowerBuilder but I have a task to create Automatic UI Test Application for PB. We've decided to do it in Python with pywinauto and iaccesible libraries. The problem is that some UI elements like newly added lists record can not be accesed from it (even inspect32 can't get it). \nAny ideas how to reach this elements and make them testable?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3825,"Q_Id":1741023,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I've seen in AutomatedQa support that they a recipe recommending using msaa and setting some properties on the  controls. I do not know if it works.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,testing,powerbuilder","A_Id":2328021,"CreationDate":"2009-11-16T09:23:00.000","Title":"How to make PowerBuilder UI testing application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I run a Python program so it outputs its STDOUT and inputs its STDIN to\/from a remote telnet client?\nAll the program does is print out text then wait for raw_input(), repeatedly. I want a remote user to use it without needing shell access. It can be single threaded\/single user.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2449186624,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":953,"Q_Id":1758276,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Make the Python script into the shell for that user. (Or if that doesn't work, wrap it up in bash script or even a executable).\n(You might have to put it in \/etc\/shells (or equiv.))","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,telnet","A_Id":1758310,"CreationDate":"2009-11-18T19:02:00.000","Title":"How can I run a Python program over telnet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I run a Python program so it outputs its STDOUT and inputs its STDIN to\/from a remote telnet client?\nAll the program does is print out text then wait for raw_input(), repeatedly. I want a remote user to use it without needing shell access. It can be single threaded\/single user.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":953,"Q_Id":1758276,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can just create a new linux user and set their shell to your script.\nThen when they telnet in and enter the username\/password, the program runs instead of bash or whatever the default shell is.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,telnet","A_Id":1760716,"CreationDate":"2009-11-18T19:02:00.000","Title":"How can I run a Python program over telnet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"when I set the Firefox proxy with python webdriver, it doesn't wait until the page is fully downloaded, this doesn't happen when I don't set one. How can I change this behavior? Or how can I check that the page download is over?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1062,"Q_Id":1785607,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The simplest thing to do is to poll the page looking for an element you know will be present once the download is complete. The Java webdriver bindings offer a \"Wait\" class for just this purpose, though there isn't (yet) an analogue for this in the python bindings.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,firefox,proxy,webdriver","A_Id":1790122,"CreationDate":"2009-11-23T20:06:00.000","Title":"Python Webdriver doesn't wait until the page is downloaded in Firefox when used with proxy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For example, I want to join a prefix path to resource paths like \/js\/foo.js.\nI want the resulting path to be relative to the root of the server.  In the above example if the prefix was \"media\" I would want the result to be \/media\/js\/foo.js.\nos.path.join does this really well, but how it joins paths is OS dependent.  In this case I know I am targeting the web, not the local file system.\nIs there a best alternative when you are working with paths you know will be used in URLs?  Will os.path.join work well enough?  Should I just roll my own?","AnswerCount":14,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":128395,"Q_Id":1793261,"Users Score":74,"Answer":"Since, from the comments the OP posted, it seems he doesn't want to preserve \"absolute URLs\" in the join (which is one of the key jobs of urlparse.urljoin;-), I'd recommend avoiding that.  os.path.join would also be bad, for exactly the same reason.\nSo, I'd use something like '\/'.join(s.strip('\/') for s in pieces) (if the leading \/ must also be ignored -- if the leading piece must be special-cased, that's also feasible of course;-).","Q_Score":147,"Tags":"python,url","A_Id":1794540,"CreationDate":"2009-11-24T22:06:00.000","Title":"How to join components of a path when you are constructing a URL in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"the normal behavior of urllib\/urllib2 is if an error code is sent in the header of the response (i.e 404) an Exception is raised. \nHow do you look for specific errors i.e (40x, or 50x) based on the different errors, do different things. Also, how do you read the actual data being returned HTML\/JSON etc (The data usually has error details which is different to the HTML error code)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5703,"Q_Id":1803741,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In urllib2 HTTPError exception is also a valid HTTP response, so you can treat an HTTP error as an exceptional event or valid response. But in urllib you have to subclass URLopener and define http_error_<code> method[s] or redefine http_error_default to handle them all.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,error-handling","A_Id":1803796,"CreationDate":"2009-11-26T13:43:00.000","Title":"Error codes returned by urllib\/urllib2 and the actual page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically, i have a list of 30,000 URLs.\nThe script goes through the URLs and downloads them (with a 3 second delay in between).\nAnd then it stores the HTML in a database.\nAnd it loops and loops...\nWhy does it randomly get \"Killed.\"? I didn't touch anything.\nEdit: this happens on 3 of my linux machines. \nThe machines are on a Rackspace cloud with 256 MB memory.  Nothing else is running.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":20694,"Q_Id":1811173,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Is it possible that it's hitting an uncaught exception? Are you running this from a shell, or is it being run from cron or in some other automated way? If it's automated, the output may not be displayed anywhere.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,mysql,url","A_Id":1811196,"CreationDate":"2009-11-28T00:47:00.000","Title":"Why does my python script randomly get killed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Basically, i have a list of 30,000 URLs.\nThe script goes through the URLs and downloads them (with a 3 second delay in between).\nAnd then it stores the HTML in a database.\nAnd it loops and loops...\nWhy does it randomly get \"Killed.\"? I didn't touch anything.\nEdit: this happens on 3 of my linux machines. \nThe machines are on a Rackspace cloud with 256 MB memory.  Nothing else is running.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":20694,"Q_Id":1811173,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Are you using some sort of queue manager or process manager of some sort ?\nI got apparently random killed messages when the batch queue manager I was using was sending SIGUSR2 when the time was up. \nOtherwise I strongly favor the out of memory option.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,mysql,url","A_Id":1811350,"CreationDate":"2009-11-28T00:47:00.000","Title":"Why does my python script randomly get killed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"when I can't delete FF cookies from webdriver. When I use the .delete_all_cookies method, it returns None. And when I try to get_cookies, I get the following error:\nwebdriver_common.exceptions.ErrorInResponseException: Error occurred when processing\npacket:Content-Length: 120\n{\"elementId\": \"null\", \"context\": \"{9b44672f-d547-43a8-a01e-a504e617cfc1}\", \"parameters\": [], \"commandName\": \"getCookie\"}\nresponse:Length: 266\n{\"commandName\":\"getCookie\",\"isError\":true,\"response\":{\"lineNumber\":576,\"message\":\"Component returned failure code: 0x80004005 (NS_ERROR_FAILURE) [nsIDOMLocation.host]\",\"name\":\"NS_ERROR_FAILURE\"},\"elementId\":\"null\",\"context\":\"{9b44672f-d547-43a8-a01e-a504e617cfc1} \"}\nHow can I fix it?\nUpdate:\nThis happens with clean installation of webdriver with no modifications. The changes I've mentioned in another post were made later than this post being posted (I was trying to fix the issue myself).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2862,"Q_Id":1813044,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Hmm, I actually haven't worked with Webdriver so this may be of no help at all... but in your other post you mention that you're experimenting with modifying the delete cookie webdriver js function. Did get_cookies fail before you were modifying the delete function? What happens when you get cookies before deleting them? I would guess that the modification you're making to the delete function in webdriver-read-only\\firefox\\src\\extension\\components\\firefoxDriver.js could break the delete function. Are you doing it just for debugging or do you actually want the browser itself to show a pop up when the driver tells it to delete cookies? It wouldn't surprise me if this modification broke.\nMy real advice though would be actually to start using Selenium instead of Webdriver since it's being discontinued in it's current incarnation, or morphed into Selenium. Selenium is  more actively developed and has pretty active and responsive forms. It will continue to be developed and stable while the merge is happening, while I take it Webdriver might not have as many bugfixes going forward. I've had success using the Selenium commands that control cookies. They seem to be revamping their documentation and for some reason there isn't any link to the Python API, but if you download selenium rc, you can find the Python API doc in selenium-client-driver-python, you'll see there are a good 5 or so useful methods for controlling cookies, which you use in your own custom Python methods if you want to, say, delete all the cookies with a name matching a certain regexp. If for some reason you do want the browser to alert() some info about the deleted cookies too, you could do that by getting the cookie names\/values from the python method, and then passing them to selenium's getEval() statement which will execute arbitrary js you feed it (like \"alert()\"). ... If you do go the selenium route feel free to contact me if you get a blocker, I might be able to assist.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,firefox,webdriver","A_Id":1814160,"CreationDate":"2009-11-28T16:59:00.000","Title":"How to delete Firefox cookies from webdriver in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a script which needs the browser that selenium is operating close and re-open, without losing its cookies.\nAny idea on how to go about it?\nBasically, it's a check to see that if the user opens and closes his browser, his cookies stay intact.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1370,"Q_Id":1818969,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You should be able to use the stop and start commands. You will need to ensure that you are not clearing cookies between sessions, and depending on the browser you're launching you may also need to use the -browserSessionReuse command line option.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":1819059,"CreationDate":"2009-11-30T10:20:00.000","Title":"Close and open a new browser in Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a script which needs the browser that selenium is operating close and re-open, without losing its cookies.\nAny idea on how to go about it?\nBasically, it's a check to see that if the user opens and closes his browser, his cookies stay intact.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1370,"Q_Id":1818969,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is a feature of the browser and not your concern: If there is a bug in the browser, then there is little you can do. If you need to know whether a certain version of the browser works correctly, then define a manual test (write a document that explains the steps), do it once and record the result somewhere (like \"Browser XXX version YYY works\").\nWhen you know that a certain browser (version) works, then that's not going to change, so there is no need to repeat the test.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":1819042,"CreationDate":"2009-11-30T10:20:00.000","Title":"Close and open a new browser in Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My Application has a lot of calculation being done in JavaScript according to how and when the user acts on the application. The project prints out valuable information (through console calls) as to how this calculation is going on, and so we can easily spot any NaNs creeping in.\nWe are planning to integrate Selenium (RC with python) to test or project, but if we could get the console output messages in the python test case, we can identify any NaNs or even any miscalculations.\nSo, is there a way that Selenium can absorb these outputs (preferably in a console-less environment)?\nIf not, I would like to know if I can divert the console calls, may be by rebinding the console variable to something else, so that selenium can get that output and notify the python side. Or if not console, is there any other way that I can achieve this.\nI know selenium has commands like waitForElementPresent etc., but I don't want to show these intermediate calculations on the application, or is it the only way?\nAny help appreciated.\nThank you.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2109,"Q_Id":1819903,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you are purely testing that the JavaScript functions are performing the correct calculations with the given inputs, I would suggest separating your JavaScript from your page and use a JavaScript testing framework to test the functionality.  Testing low level code using Selenium is a lot of unnecessary overhead.  If you're going against the fully rendered page, this would require your application to be running to a server, which should not be a dependency of testing raw JavaScript.\nWe recently converted our application from using jsUnit to use YUI Test and it has been promising so far.  We run about 150 tests in both FireFox and IE in less than three minutes.  Our testing still isn't ideal - we still test a lot of JavaScript the hard way using Selenium.  However, moving some of the UI tests to YUI Test has saved us a lot of time in our Continuous Integration environment.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,python,testing,selenium,selenium-rc","A_Id":1902514,"CreationDate":"2009-11-30T13:42:00.000","Title":"Javascript communication with Selenium (RC)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"There is CherryPy. Are there any others?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":507,"Q_Id":1835668,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"also:\nweb.py (webpy.org)\npaste (pythonpaste.org)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":1837070,"CreationDate":"2009-12-02T20:43:00.000","Title":"What Python-only HTTP\/1.1 web servers are available?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to automate interaction with a webpage. I've been using pycurl up til now but eventually the webpage will use javascript so I'm looking for alternatives . A typical interaction is \"open the page, search for some text, click on a link (which opens a form), fill out the form and submit\".\nWe're deploying on Google App engine, if that makes a difference. \nClarification: we're deploying the webpage on appengine. But the interaction is run on a separate machine. So selenium seems like it's the best choice.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9387,"Q_Id":1836987,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Twill and mechanize don't do Javascript, and Qt and Selenium can't run on App Engine ((1)), which only supports pure Python code.  I do not know of any pure-Python Javascript interpreter, which is what you'd need to deploy a JS-supporting scraper on App Engine:-(.\nMaybe there's something in Java, which would at least allow you to deploy on (the Java version of) App Engine?  App Engine app versions in Java and Python can use the same datastore, so you could keep some part of your app in Python... just not the part that needs to understand Javascript.  Unfortunately I don't know enough about the Java \/ AE environment to suggest any specific package to try.\n((1)): to clarify, since there seems to be a misunderstanding that has gotten so far as to get me downvoted: if you run Selenium or other scrapers on a different computer, you can of course target a site deployed in App Engine (it doesn't matter how the website you're targeting is deployed, what programming language[s] it uses, etc, etc, as long as it's a website you can access [[real website: flash, &c, may likely be different]]).  How I read the question is, the OP is looking for ways to have the scraping run as part of an App Engine app -- that is the problematic part, not where you (or somebody else;-) runs the site being scraped!","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,pycurl","A_Id":1837397,"CreationDate":"2009-12-03T00:59:00.000","Title":"Automate interaction with a webpage in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"When I view the source of page, I do not find the image src. but the image is displayed on the page. This image is generated by some server side code.\nI am using the selenium for testing. I want to download this image for verification\/comparison.\nHow to get that image using python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":163,"Q_Id":1838047,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if you just want to download the image, theres two strategies you can try:\n\nuse a something like Firebug or Chrome developer tools.  right click the element in question, click \"inspect element\", and look at the css properties of the element.  if you look around, you should find something like background-image style or maybe just a normal  tag.  then you'll have the url to the image.\nuse a something like Firebug or Chrome developer tools:  look in the \"resources\" tab, and look for image files that show up.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":1870291,"CreationDate":"2009-12-03T06:26:00.000","Title":"How to get the URL Image which is displyed by script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"When I view the source of page, I do not find the image src. but the image is displayed on the page. This image is generated by some server side code.\nI am using the selenium for testing. I want to download this image for verification\/comparison.\nHow to get that image using python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":163,"Q_Id":1838047,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you aren't seeing an actual image tag in the HTML, your next step would seem to be figuring out how its being displayed. \nThe first place I'd suggest looking is in the .css files for this page. Images can actually be embedded using CSS, and this seems like the next likely option after being in the HTML code itself.\nIf it isn't in there, you may be dealing with some form of technique deliberately intended to prevent you from being able to download the image with a script. This may use obfuscated JavaScript or something similar and I wouldn't expect people to be able to give you an easy solution to bypass it (since it was carefully designed to resist exactly that).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":1838243,"CreationDate":"2009-12-03T06:26:00.000","Title":"How to get the URL Image which is displyed by script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to learn how to use XMPP and to create a simple web application with real collaboration features.\nI am writing the application with Python(WSGI), and the application will require javascript enabled because I am going to use jQuery or Dojo.\nI have downloaded Openfire for the server and which lib to choose? SleekXMPP making trouble with tlslite module(python 2.5 and I need only python 2.6).\nWhat is your suggestion?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1373,"Q_Id":1847120,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I have found a lot of issues with Openfire and TLS are not with the xmpp lib :( -- SleekXMPP in the trunk has been converted to Python 3.0 and the branch is maintained for Python 2.5\nUnlike Julien, I would only go with Twisted Words if you really need the power of Twisted or if you are already using Twisted.  IMO SleekXMPP offers the closest match to the current XEP's in use today.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,python,xmpp,wsgi","A_Id":1881020,"CreationDate":"2009-12-04T14:02:00.000","Title":"Best XMPP Library for Python Web Application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Are they just the same protocol or something different?\nI am just confused about it.\nActually, I want to call a web service written in C# with ASP.NET by Python. I have tried XMLRPC but it seems just did not work.\nSo what is the actually difference among them? \nThanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2232,"Q_Id":1847534,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"They are completely different protocols, you need to find out the protocol used by the web service you wish to consume and program to that. Web services is really just a concept XML-RPC, SOAP and REST are actual technologies the implement this concept. These implementations are not interoperable (without some translation layer).\nAll these protocols enable basically the same sort of thing, calling into remote some application over the web. However the details of how they do this differ, they are not just different names for the same protocol.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"c#,python,web-services,xml-rpc","A_Id":1847560,"CreationDate":"2009-12-04T15:06:00.000","Title":"Can anyone explain the difference between XMLRPC, SOAP and also the C# Web Service?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Are they just the same protocol or something different?\nI am just confused about it.\nActually, I want to call a web service written in C# with ASP.NET by Python. I have tried XMLRPC but it seems just did not work.\nSo what is the actually difference among them? \nThanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2232,"Q_Id":1847534,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"All of them use the same transport protocol (HTTP).\nXMLRPC formats a traditional RPC call with XML for remote execution.\nSOAP wraps the call in a SOAP envelope (still XML, different formatting, oriented towards message based services rather than RPC style calls).\nIf you're using C#, your best bet is probably SOAP based Web Services (at least out of the options you listed).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"c#,python,web-services,xml-rpc","A_Id":1847573,"CreationDate":"2009-12-04T15:06:00.000","Title":"Can anyone explain the difference between XMLRPC, SOAP and also the C# Web Service?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Are they just the same protocol or something different?\nI am just confused about it.\nActually, I want to call a web service written in C# with ASP.NET by Python. I have tried XMLRPC but it seems just did not work.\nSo what is the actually difference among them? \nThanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2232,"Q_Id":1847534,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"xml-rpc: Its a mechanism to call remote procedure & function accross network for distributed system integration. It uses XML based message document and HTTP as transport protocol. Further, it only support 6 basic data type as well as array for communication.\nSOAP: SOAP is also XML-based protocol for information exchange using HTPP transport protocol. However, it is more advanced then XML-RPC protocol. It uses XML formatted message that helps communicating complex data types accross distributed application, and hence is widely used now a days.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"c#,python,web-services,xml-rpc","A_Id":3913857,"CreationDate":"2009-12-04T15:06:00.000","Title":"Can anyone explain the difference between XMLRPC, SOAP and also the C# Web Service?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a spider in Python to crawl a site. Trouble is, I need to examine about 2.5 million pages, so I could really use some help making it optimized for speed.\nWhat I need to do is examine the pages for a certain number, and if it is found to record the link to the page. The spider is very simple, it just needs to sort through a lot of pages.\nI'm completely new to Python, but have used Java and C++ before. I have yet to start coding it, so any recommendations on libraries or frameworks to include would be great. Any optimization tips are also greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7091,"Q_Id":1853673,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You waste a lot of time waiting for network requests when spidering, so you'll definitely want to make your requests in parallel.  I would probably save the result data to disk and then have a second process looping over the files searching for the term.  That phase could easily be distributed across multiple machines if you needed extra performance.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,web-crawler","A_Id":1853865,"CreationDate":"2009-12-05T22:28:00.000","Title":"Writing a Faster Python Spider","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a spider in Python to crawl a site. Trouble is, I need to examine about 2.5 million pages, so I could really use some help making it optimized for speed.\nWhat I need to do is examine the pages for a certain number, and if it is found to record the link to the page. The spider is very simple, it just needs to sort through a lot of pages.\nI'm completely new to Python, but have used Java and C++ before. I have yet to start coding it, so any recommendations on libraries or frameworks to include would be great. Any optimization tips are also greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7091,"Q_Id":1853673,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What Adam said. I did this once to map out Xanga's network. The way I made it faster is by having a thread-safe set containing all usernames I had to look up. Then I had 5 or so threads making requests at the same time and processing them. You're going to spend way more time waiting for the page to DL than you will processing any of the text (most likely), so just find ways to increase the number of requests you can get at the same time.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,web-crawler","A_Id":1854592,"CreationDate":"2009-12-05T22:28:00.000","Title":"Writing a Faster Python Spider","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a spider in Python to crawl a site. Trouble is, I need to examine about 2.5 million pages, so I could really use some help making it optimized for speed.\nWhat I need to do is examine the pages for a certain number, and if it is found to record the link to the page. The spider is very simple, it just needs to sort through a lot of pages.\nI'm completely new to Python, but have used Java and C++ before. I have yet to start coding it, so any recommendations on libraries or frameworks to include would be great. Any optimization tips are also greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7091,"Q_Id":1853673,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Spidering somebody's site with millions of requests isn't very polite. Can you instead ask the webmaster for an archive of the site? Once you have that, it's a simple matter of text searching.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,web-crawler","A_Id":1853689,"CreationDate":"2009-12-05T22:28:00.000","Title":"Writing a Faster Python Spider","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a complete, total beginner in programming, although I do have knowledge of CSS and HTML.\nI would like to learn Python. I downloaded lots of source code but the amount of files and the complexity really confuses me. I don't know where to begin. Is there a particular order I should look for?\nThanks.\nEDIT: Sorry guys, I forgot to mention that I already have both the online tutorial and a couple of books handy. I basically I don't quite understand how to \"dismantle\" and understand complex source code, in order to grasp programming techniques and concepts. \nEDIT2: Thanks for the extremely quick comments, guys. I really appreciate it. This website is awesome.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1248,"Q_Id":1854827,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Maybe you have a project in mind that you want to code up? It's very hard to read what other people write, the best way to learn is to try something. Other people will have gone through the problems you will come across, and so why code is written the way it is may start to make sense. This is an excellent site to post questions, no matter how stupid you consider them.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,coding-style,code-readability","A_Id":2628550,"CreationDate":"2009-12-06T09:04:00.000","Title":"How can a total, complete beginner read source code?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a complete, total beginner in programming, although I do have knowledge of CSS and HTML.\nI would like to learn Python. I downloaded lots of source code but the amount of files and the complexity really confuses me. I don't know where to begin. Is there a particular order I should look for?\nThanks.\nEDIT: Sorry guys, I forgot to mention that I already have both the online tutorial and a couple of books handy. I basically I don't quite understand how to \"dismantle\" and understand complex source code, in order to grasp programming techniques and concepts. \nEDIT2: Thanks for the extremely quick comments, guys. I really appreciate it. This website is awesome.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":5,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1248,"Q_Id":1854827,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"I would recommend you understand the basics. What are methods, classes, variables and so on. It would be important to understand the constructs you are seeing. If you don't understand those then it's just going to be a bunch of characters.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,coding-style,code-readability","A_Id":1854832,"CreationDate":"2009-12-06T09:04:00.000","Title":"How can a total, complete beginner read source code?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a complete, total beginner in programming, although I do have knowledge of CSS and HTML.\nI would like to learn Python. I downloaded lots of source code but the amount of files and the complexity really confuses me. I don't know where to begin. Is there a particular order I should look for?\nThanks.\nEDIT: Sorry guys, I forgot to mention that I already have both the online tutorial and a couple of books handy. I basically I don't quite understand how to \"dismantle\" and understand complex source code, in order to grasp programming techniques and concepts. \nEDIT2: Thanks for the extremely quick comments, guys. I really appreciate it. This website is awesome.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1248,"Q_Id":1854827,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Donald Knuth suggests:\n\"It [is] basically the way you solve some kind of unknown puzzle -- make tables and charts and get a little more information here and make a hypothesis.\"\n(From \"Coders at Work\", Chapter 15)\nIn my opinion, the easiest way to understand a program is to study the data structures first.  Write them down, memorize them.  Only then, think about how they move through program-time.\nAs an aside, it is sort of a shame how few books there are on code reading.  \"Coders at Work\" is probably the best so far.  Ironically, \"Reading Code\" is one of the worst so far.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,coding-style,code-readability","A_Id":1973070,"CreationDate":"2009-12-06T09:04:00.000","Title":"How can a total, complete beginner read source code?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a complete, total beginner in programming, although I do have knowledge of CSS and HTML.\nI would like to learn Python. I downloaded lots of source code but the amount of files and the complexity really confuses me. I don't know where to begin. Is there a particular order I should look for?\nThanks.\nEDIT: Sorry guys, I forgot to mention that I already have both the online tutorial and a couple of books handy. I basically I don't quite understand how to \"dismantle\" and understand complex source code, in order to grasp programming techniques and concepts. \nEDIT2: Thanks for the extremely quick comments, guys. I really appreciate it. This website is awesome.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1248,"Q_Id":1854827,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"There is no magic way to learn anything without reading and writing code yourself. If you get stuck there are always folks in SO who will help you.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,coding-style,code-readability","A_Id":1854841,"CreationDate":"2009-12-06T09:04:00.000","Title":"How can a total, complete beginner read source code?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a complete, total beginner in programming, although I do have knowledge of CSS and HTML.\nI would like to learn Python. I downloaded lots of source code but the amount of files and the complexity really confuses me. I don't know where to begin. Is there a particular order I should look for?\nThanks.\nEDIT: Sorry guys, I forgot to mention that I already have both the online tutorial and a couple of books handy. I basically I don't quite understand how to \"dismantle\" and understand complex source code, in order to grasp programming techniques and concepts. \nEDIT2: Thanks for the extremely quick comments, guys. I really appreciate it. This website is awesome.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1248,"Q_Id":1854827,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"To understand source code in any language, you first need to learn the language. It's as simple as that!\nUsually, reading source code (as a sole activity) will hurt your head without giving much benefit in terms of learning the underlying language. You need a structured tour through carefully chosen small source code examples, such as a book or tutorial will give you.\nCheck Amazon out for books and Google for tutorials, try a few. The links offered by some of the other answers would also be a great starting point.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,coding-style,code-readability","A_Id":1854836,"CreationDate":"2009-12-06T09:04:00.000","Title":"How can a total, complete beginner read source code?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working on writing a Python client for Direct Connect P2P networks. Essentially, it works by connecting to a central server, and responding to other users who are searching for files.\nOccasionally, another client will ask us to connect to them, and they might begin downloading a file from us. This is a direct connection to the other client, and doesn't go through the central server.\nWhat is the best way to handle these connections to other clients? I'm currently using one Twisted reactor to connect to the server, but is it better have multiple reactors, one per client, with each one running in a different thread? Or would it be better to have a completely separate Python script that performs the connection to the client?\nIf there's some other solution that I don't know about, I'd love to hear it. I'm new to programming with Twisted, so I'm open to suggestions and other resources.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1176,"Q_Id":1856786,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Without knowing all the details of the protocol, I would still recommend using a single reactor -- a reactor scales quite well (especially advanced ones such as PollReactor) and this way you will avoid the overhead connected with threads (that's how Twisted and other async systems get their fundamental performance boost, after all -- by avoiding such overhead).  In practice, threads in Twisted are useful mainly when you need to interface to a library whose functions could block on you.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,twisted,p2p","A_Id":1857145,"CreationDate":"2009-12-06T22:10:00.000","Title":"Proper way to implement a Direct Connect client in Twisted?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Python script gathering info from some remote network devices. The output can be maybe 20 to 1000 lines of text. This then goes into excel on my local PC for now.\nNow access to this Linux device is convoluted, a citrix session to a remote windows server then ssh to the Linux device half way around the world. There is no ftp, scp, or anything like that, so I can't generate the excel on the Linux device and transfer it locally. The ONLY way to get the info is to copy\/paste from the ssh window into the local machine and post-process it\nMy question is what would be the best (from a user point of view as others will be using it) format to generate? 1.as it is now (spaces & tabs), 2.reformat as csv or as 3.convert to xml","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":720,"Q_Id":1870383,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Reformat it as CSV. It's dead easy to do, is fairly human readable, and can be read by loads of pieces of spreadsheet software.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,excel,csv","A_Id":1870411,"CreationDate":"2009-12-08T22:36:00.000","Title":"Python to generate output ready for Excel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a small wave thingy where i need to load a wave based on an outside event. So i don't have a context to work with.\nI've been looking at the python api for a while but i can't figure out the correct way to get a wave object (that i can then call CreateBlip() on) when i just have the waveid.\nIs there something i've just overlooked? or do I have to make a 'raw' json request instead of using the api ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":1876908,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"At the moment the answer is that i can't be done. Hopefully in a future version of the Api.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-wave","A_Id":1932852,"CreationDate":"2009-12-09T21:11:00.000","Title":"Loading a wave from waveid","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What would the best way of unpacking a python string into fields\nI have data received from a tcp socket, it is packed as follows, I believe it will be in a string from the socket recv function\nIt has the following format\nuint8 - header\nuint8 - length\nuint32 - typeID\nuint16 -param1\nuint16 -param2\nuint16 -param3\nuint16 -param4\nchar[24] - name string\nuint32 - checksum\nuint8 - footer  \n(I also need to unpack other packets with different formats to the above)\nHow do I unpack these?\nI am new to python, have done a bit of 'C'. If I was using 'C' I would probably use a structure, would this be the way to go with Python?\nRegards\nX","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":11515,"Q_Id":1879914,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Is this the best way of doing this or is there a better way\nIt is likely that there will be strings with other formats which will require a different unpacking scheme\nfield1 = struct.unpack('B',data[0])\nfield2 = struct.unpack('B',data[1])\nfield3 = struct.unpack('!I',data[2:6])\nfield4 = struct.unpack('!H',data[6:8])\nfield5 = struct.unpack('!H',data[8:10])\nfield6 = struct.unpack('!H',data[10:12])\nfield7 = struct.unpack('!H',data[12:14])\nfield8 = struct.unpack('20s',data[14:38])\nfield9 = struct.unpack('!I',data[38:42])\nfield10 = struct.unpack('B',data[42])  \nRegards","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,string,unpack","A_Id":1880427,"CreationDate":"2009-12-10T09:50:00.000","Title":"Decoding packed data into a structure","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have built an XML-RPC interface in Python and I need to enforce some stricter typing.  For example, passing string '10' instead of int 10.  I can clean this up with some type casting and a little exception handling, but I am wondering if there is any other way of forcing type integrity such as something XML-RPC specific, a decorator, or something else.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":220,"Q_Id":1925487,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It's always going to be converted to a string anyway, so why do you care what's being passed in? If you use \"%s\" % number or even just str(number), then it doesn't matter whether number is a string or an int.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":1925617,"CreationDate":"2009-12-18T00:12:00.000","Title":"XML-RPC method parameter data typing in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need some code to get the address of the socket i just created (to filter out packets originating from localhost on a multicast network)\nthis:\nsocket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())\nworks on mac but it returns only the localhost IP in linux... is there anyway to get the LAN address\nthanks\n--edit--\nis it possible to get it from the socket settings itself, like, the OS has to select a LAN IP to send on... can i play on getsockopt(... IP_MULTICAST_IF...) i dont know exactly how to use this though...?\n--- edit ---\nSOLVED!\nsend_sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, 0)\nputting this on the send socket eliminated packet echos to the host sending them, which eliminates the need for the program to know which IP the OS has selected to send.\nyay!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":626,"Q_Id":1925974,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"quick answer - socket.getpeername() (provided that socket is a socket object, not a module)\n(playing around in python\/ipython\/idle\/... interactive shell is very helpful)\n.. or if I read you question carefully, maybe socket.getsockname() :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,ip-address","A_Id":1926048,"CreationDate":"2009-12-18T02:49:00.000","Title":"How to get the LAN IP that a socket is sending (linux)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've got a python web crawler and I want to distribute the download requests among many different proxy servers, probably running squid (though I'm open to alternatives). For example, it could work in a round-robin fashion, where request1 goes to proxy1, request2 to proxy2, and eventually looping back around. Any idea how to set this up?\nTo make it harder, I'd also like to be able to dynamically change the list of available proxies, bring some down, and add others.\nIf it matters, IP addresses are assigned dynamically.\nThanks :)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":16640,"Q_Id":1934088,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Make your crawler have a list of proxies and with each HTTP request let it use the next proxy from the list in a round robin fashion. However, this will prevent you from using HTTP\/1.1 persistent connections. Modifying the proxy list will eventually result in using a new or not using a proxy.\nOr have several connections open in parallel, one to each proxy, and distribute your crawling requests to each of the open connections. Dynamics may be implemented by having the connetor registering itself with the request dispatcher.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,proxy,screen-scraping,web-crawler,squid","A_Id":1934198,"CreationDate":"2009-12-19T20:46:00.000","Title":"Rotating Proxies for web scraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've import contacts from gmail by using gdata api, \nand is there any apis like that for hotmail\/live\/Aol ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":637,"Q_Id":1938945,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There is Windows Live Contact API for Hotmail\/Live mail.\nYahoo Contact API for Yahoo also exists, but to this date, no AOL contact api. \nI would suggest you try openinviter (openinviter.com) to import contacts. Unfortunately, you will not have OAuth capabilities, but it is the best class out there and works with 90+ different email providers. \nNote: it is written in php, but creating a wrapper won't be too hard.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api","A_Id":1939043,"CreationDate":"2009-12-21T08:50:00.000","Title":"Is there any libraries could import contacts from hotmail\/live\/aol account?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to do in place edit of XML document using xpath ?\nI'd prefer any python solution but Java would be fine too.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":375,"Q_Id":1964583,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Using XML to store data is probably not optimal, as you experience here. Editing XML is extremely costly.\nOne way of doing the editing is parsing the xml into a tree, and then inserting stuff into that three, and then rebuilding the xml file. \nEditing an xml file in place is also possible, but then you need some kind of search mechanism that finds the location you need to edit or insert into, and then write to the file from that point. Remember to also read the remaining data, because it will be overwritten. This is fine for inserting new tags or data, but editing existing data makes it even more complicated.\nMy own rule is to not use XML for storage, but to present data. So the storage facility, or some kind of middle man, needs to form xml files from the data it has.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,xpath","A_Id":1964631,"CreationDate":"2009-12-26T23:08:00.000","Title":"edit in place using xpath","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm creating a python script which accepts a path to a remote file and an n number of threads. The file's size will be divided by the number of threads, when each thread completes I want them to append the fetch data to a local file.\nHow do I manage it so that the order in which the threads where generated will append to the local file in order so that the bytes don't get scrambled?\nAlso, what if I'm to download several files simultaneously?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3862,"Q_Id":1965213,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You need to fetch completely separate parts of the file on each thread. Calculate the chunk start and end positions based on the number of threads. Each chunk must have no overlap obviously.\nFor example, if target file was 3000 bytes long and you want to fetch using three thread:\n\nThread 1: fetches bytes 1 to 1000\nThread 2: fetches bytes 1001 to 2000\nThread 3: fetches bytes 2001 to 3000\n\nYou would pre-allocate an empty file of the original size, and write back to the respective positions within the file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":1965219,"CreationDate":"2009-12-27T04:56:00.000","Title":"File downloading using python with threads","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking at existing python code that heavily uses Paramiko to do SSH and FTP. I need to allow the same code to work with some hosts that do not support a secure connection and over which I have no control. \nIs there a quick and easy way to do it via Paramiko, or do I need to step back, create some abstraction that supports both paramiko and Python's FTP libraries, and refactor the code to use this abstraction?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7051,"Q_Id":1977571,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"No, paramiko has no support for telnet or ftp -- you're indeed better off using a higher-level abstraction and implementing it twice, with paramiko and without it (with the ftplib and telnetlib modules of the Python standard library).","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,paramiko","A_Id":1978007,"CreationDate":"2009-12-29T23:30:00.000","Title":"Does Paramiko support non-secure telnet and ftp instead of just SSH and SFTP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Web2Py and i want to import my program simply once per session... not everytime the page is loaded. is this possible ? such as \"import Client\" being used on the page but only import it once per session..","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":953,"Q_Id":1978426,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"In web2py your models and controllers are executed, not imported. They are executed every time a request arrives. If you press the button [compile] in admin, they will be bytecode compiled and some other optimizations are performs.\nIf your app (in models and controllers) does \"import somemodule\", then the import statement is executed at every request but \"somemodule\" is actually imported only the first time it is executed, as you asked.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,web2py","A_Id":1980510,"CreationDate":"2009-12-30T04:27:00.000","Title":"Web2py Import Once per Session","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to develop a tool for my project using python. The requirements are:\n\nEmbed a web server to let the user get some static files, but the traffic is not very high.\nUser can configure the tool using http, I don't want a GUI page, I just need a RPC  interface, like XML-RPC? or others?\nBesides the web server, the tool need some background job to do, so these jobs need to be done with the web server.\n\nSo, Which python web server is best choice?  I am looking at CherryPy, If you have other recommendation, please write it here.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1002,"Q_Id":1978791,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Why dont you use open source build tools (continuous integration tools) like Cruise. Most of them come with a web server\/xml interface and sometimes with fancy reports as well.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":1978818,"CreationDate":"2009-12-30T06:56:00.000","Title":"Python web server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to develop a tool for my project using python. The requirements are:\n\nEmbed a web server to let the user get some static files, but the traffic is not very high.\nUser can configure the tool using http, I don't want a GUI page, I just need a RPC  interface, like XML-RPC? or others?\nBesides the web server, the tool need some background job to do, so these jobs need to be done with the web server.\n\nSo, Which python web server is best choice?  I am looking at CherryPy, If you have other recommendation, please write it here.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":-0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1002,"Q_Id":1978791,"Users Score":-3,"Answer":"This sounds like a fun project. So, why don't write your own HTTP server? Its not so complicated after all, HTTP is a well-known and easy to implement protocol and you'll gain a lot of new knowledge!\nCheck documentation or manual pages (whatever you prefer) of socket(), bind(), listen(), accept() and so on.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":1979792,"CreationDate":"2009-12-30T06:56:00.000","Title":"Python web server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to develop a tool for my project using python. The requirements are:\n\nEmbed a web server to let the user get some static files, but the traffic is not very high.\nUser can configure the tool using http, I don't want a GUI page, I just need a RPC  interface, like XML-RPC? or others?\nBesides the web server, the tool need some background job to do, so these jobs need to be done with the web server.\n\nSo, Which python web server is best choice?  I am looking at CherryPy, If you have other recommendation, please write it here.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1002,"Q_Id":1978791,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use the WSGI Reference Implementation wsgiref already provided with Python\nUse REST protocols with JSON (not XML-RPC).  It's simpler and faster than XML.\nBackground jobs are started with subprocess.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":1979714,"CreationDate":"2009-12-30T06:56:00.000","Title":"Python web server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to develop a tool for my project using python. The requirements are:\n\nEmbed a web server to let the user get some static files, but the traffic is not very high.\nUser can configure the tool using http, I don't want a GUI page, I just need a RPC  interface, like XML-RPC? or others?\nBesides the web server, the tool need some background job to do, so these jobs need to be done with the web server.\n\nSo, Which python web server is best choice?  I am looking at CherryPy, If you have other recommendation, please write it here.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1002,"Q_Id":1978791,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"what about the internal python webserver ?\njust type \"python web server\" in google, and host the 1st result...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":1979101,"CreationDate":"2009-12-30T06:56:00.000","Title":"Python web server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am porting some Java code to Python and we would like to use Python 3 but I can't find LDAP module for Python 3 in Windows.\nThis is forcing us to use 2.6 version and it is bothersome as rest of the code is already in 3.0 format.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":16151,"Q_Id":1982442,"Users Score":-3,"Answer":"This answer is no longer accurate; see below for other answers.\nSorry to break this on you, but I don't think there is a python-ldap for Python 3 (yet)...\nThat's the reason why we should keep active development at Python 2.6 for now (as long as most crucial dependencies (libs) are not ported to 3.0).","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,ldap,python-3.x","A_Id":1982479,"CreationDate":"2009-12-30T20:56:00.000","Title":"Does Python 3 have LDAP module?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to upload a file from my computer to a file hoster like hotfile.com via a Python script. Because Hotfile is only offering a web-based upload service (no ftp).\nI need Python first to login with my username and password and after that to upload the file. When the file transfer is over, I need the Download and Delete-link (which is generated right after the Upload has finished).  \nIs this even possible? If so, can anybody tell me how the script looks like or even give my hints how to build it?\nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7457,"Q_Id":1993060,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You mention they do not offer FTP, but I went to their site and found the following:\n\nHow to upload with FTP?\n  ftp.hotfile.com user: your hotfile\n  username pass: your hotfile password\n  You can upload and make folders, but\n  cant rename,move files\n\nTry it. If it works, using FTP from within Python will be a very simple task.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,authentication,file-upload,automation","A_Id":1993139,"CreationDate":"2010-01-02T22:14:00.000","Title":"Upload file to a website via Python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a need to display some basic info about a facebook group on a website i am building. All i am really looking to show is the total number of members, and maybe a list of the few most recent people who joined. \nI would like to not have to login to FB to accomplish this, is there an API for groups that allows anonymous access? or do i have to go the screen scraping route?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":342,"Q_Id":2008816,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use the Python Facebook module on Google Code.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,facebook","A_Id":2012448,"CreationDate":"2010-01-05T20:23:00.000","Title":"Python + Facebook, getting info about a group easily","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How do I get the MAC address of a remote host on my LAN?  I'm using Python and Linux.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":22526,"Q_Id":2010816,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Many years ago, I was tasked with gathering various machine info from all machines on a corporate campus.  One desired piece of info was the MAC address, which is difficult to get on a network that spanned multiple subnets.  At the time, I used the Windows built-in \"nbtstat\" command.\nToday there is a Unix utility called \"nbtscan\" that provides similar info.  If you do not wish to use an external tool, maybe there are NetBIOS libraries for python that could be used to gather the info for you?","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,linux,networking,mac-address","A_Id":2010975,"CreationDate":"2010-01-06T03:40:00.000","Title":"Get remote MAC address using Python and Linux","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a payment gateway company so we can avoid tiresome PCI-DSS certification and its associated expenses. I'll get this out the way now, I don't want Paypal. It does what I want but it's really not a company I want to trust with any sort of money.\nIt needs to support the following flow:\n\nUser performs actions on our site, generating an amount that needs to be paid.\nOur server contacts the gateway asynchronously (no hidden inputs) and tells it about the user, how much they need to pay. The gateway returns a URL and perhaps a tentative transaction ID.\nOur server stores the transaction ID and redirects the user to the URL provided by the gateway.\nThe user fills out their payment details on the remote server.\nWhen they have completed that, the gateway asynchronously contacts our server with the outcome, transaction id, etc and forwards them back to us (at a predestined URL).\nWe can show the user their order is complete\/failed\/etc. Fin.\n\nIf at all possible, UK or EU based and developer friendly.\nWe don't need any concept of a shopping basket as we have that all handled in our code already.\nWe have (or at least will have by launch) a proper merchant banking account - so cover services like Paypay aren't needed.\nIf their API covers Python (we're using Django) explicitly, all the better but I think I'm capable enough to decipher any other examples and transcode them into Python myself.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3656,"Q_Id":2022067,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It sounds like you want something like Worldpay or even Google Checkout. But it all depends what your turnover is, because these sorts of providers (who host the payment page themselves), tend to take a percentage of every transaction, rather than a fixed monthly fee that you can get from elsewhere.\nThe other thing to consider is, if you have any way of taking orders over the phone, and the phone operators need to take customers' credit card details, then your whole internal network will need to be PCI compliant, too.\nIf you JUST need it for a website, then that makes it easier. If you have a low turnover, then check out the sites mentioned above. If you have a high turnover, then it may work out more cost effective in the long run to get PCI-DSS certified and still keep control of credit card transactions in-house, giving you more flexibility, and cheaper transaction costs.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,payment-gateway,payment","A_Id":2023105,"CreationDate":"2010-01-07T17:01:00.000","Title":"Looking for a payment gateway","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking for a payment gateway company so we can avoid tiresome PCI-DSS certification and its associated expenses. I'll get this out the way now, I don't want Paypal. It does what I want but it's really not a company I want to trust with any sort of money.\nIt needs to support the following flow:\n\nUser performs actions on our site, generating an amount that needs to be paid.\nOur server contacts the gateway asynchronously (no hidden inputs) and tells it about the user, how much they need to pay. The gateway returns a URL and perhaps a tentative transaction ID.\nOur server stores the transaction ID and redirects the user to the URL provided by the gateway.\nThe user fills out their payment details on the remote server.\nWhen they have completed that, the gateway asynchronously contacts our server with the outcome, transaction id, etc and forwards them back to us (at a predestined URL).\nWe can show the user their order is complete\/failed\/etc. Fin.\n\nIf at all possible, UK or EU based and developer friendly.\nWe don't need any concept of a shopping basket as we have that all handled in our code already.\nWe have (or at least will have by launch) a proper merchant banking account - so cover services like Paypay aren't needed.\nIf their API covers Python (we're using Django) explicitly, all the better but I think I'm capable enough to decipher any other examples and transcode them into Python myself.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3656,"Q_Id":2022067,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You might want to take a look at Adyen (www.adyen.com). They are European and provide a whole lot of features and a very friendly interface. They don't charge a monthly or set up fee and seem to be reasonably priced per transaction.\nTheir hosted payments page can be completely customised which was an amazing improvement for us.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,payment-gateway,payment","A_Id":2258716,"CreationDate":"2010-01-07T17:01:00.000","Title":"Looking for a payment gateway","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking for a payment gateway company so we can avoid tiresome PCI-DSS certification and its associated expenses. I'll get this out the way now, I don't want Paypal. It does what I want but it's really not a company I want to trust with any sort of money.\nIt needs to support the following flow:\n\nUser performs actions on our site, generating an amount that needs to be paid.\nOur server contacts the gateway asynchronously (no hidden inputs) and tells it about the user, how much they need to pay. The gateway returns a URL and perhaps a tentative transaction ID.\nOur server stores the transaction ID and redirects the user to the URL provided by the gateway.\nThe user fills out their payment details on the remote server.\nWhen they have completed that, the gateway asynchronously contacts our server with the outcome, transaction id, etc and forwards them back to us (at a predestined URL).\nWe can show the user their order is complete\/failed\/etc. Fin.\n\nIf at all possible, UK or EU based and developer friendly.\nWe don't need any concept of a shopping basket as we have that all handled in our code already.\nWe have (or at least will have by launch) a proper merchant banking account - so cover services like Paypay aren't needed.\nIf their API covers Python (we're using Django) explicitly, all the better but I think I'm capable enough to decipher any other examples and transcode them into Python myself.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3656,"Q_Id":2022067,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I just finished something exactly like this using First Data Global Gateway (don't really want to provide a link, can find with Google).  There's no Python API because their interface is nothing but http POST.\nYou have the choice of gathering credit card info yourself before posting the form to their server, as long as the connection is SSL and the referring URL is known to them (meaning it's your form but you can't store or process the data first).\nIn the FDGG gateway \"terminal interface\" you configure your URL endpoints for authorization accepted\/failed and it will POST transaction information.\nI can't say it was fun and their \"test\" mode was buggy but it works.  Sorry, don't know if it's available in UK\/EU but it's misnamed if it isn't :)","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,payment-gateway,payment","A_Id":2023033,"CreationDate":"2010-01-07T17:01:00.000","Title":"Looking for a payment gateway","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to make an HTTP request in Python 2.6.4, using the urllib module. Is there any way to set the request headers?\nI am sure that this is possible using urllib2, but I would prefer to use urllib since it seems simpler.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":872,"Q_Id":2031745,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There isn't any way to do that, which is precisely the reason urllib is deprecated in favour of urllib2.  So just use urllib2 rather than writing new code to a deprecated interface.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,urllib,python-2.6,python-2.x","A_Id":2031786,"CreationDate":"2010-01-09T00:27:00.000","Title":"Any way to set request headers when doing a request using urllib in Python 2.x?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Has anyone done a Python CLI to edit Firefox bookmarks ?\nMy worldview is that of Unix file trees; I want\n\nfind \/re\/ in given or all fields in given or all subtrees\ncd\nls with context\nmv this ..\/there\/\n\nWhether it uses bookamrks.html or places.sqlite is secondary -- whatever's easier.\nClarification added: I'd be happy to quit Firefox, edit bookmarks in the CLI, import the new database in Firefox.\nIn otherwords, database locking is a moot point; first let's see code for a rough cut CLI.\n(Why a text CLI and not a GUI ?\nCLIs are simpler (for me), and one could easily program e.g.\nmv old-bookmarks to 2009\/same-structure\/.\nNonetheless links to a really good bookmarker GUI, for Firefox or anything else, would be useful too.)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2530,"Q_Id":2034373,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know about all the features you've mentioned but \"Organize bookmars\" option in the Bookmarks menu is pretty decent with respect to features.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,firefox,command-line-interface,bookmarks","A_Id":2034590,"CreationDate":"2010-01-09T18:18:00.000","Title":"Python CLI to edit Firefox bookmarks?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have built a Python server to which various clients can connect, and I need to set a predefined series of messages from clients to the server - For example the client passes in a name to the server when it first connects. \nI was wondering what the best way to approach this is? How should I build a simple protocol for their communication? \nShould the messages start with a specific set of bytes to mark them out as part of this protocol, then contain some sort of message id? Any suggestions or further reading appreciated.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2451,"Q_Id":2042133,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Read some protocols, and try to find one that looks like what you need. Does it need to be message-oriented or stream-oriented? Does it need request order to be preserved, does it need requests to be paired with responses? Do you need message identifiers? Retries, back-off? Is it an RPC protocol, a message queue protocol?","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,protocols","A_Id":2042187,"CreationDate":"2010-01-11T13:37:00.000","Title":"Python Sockets - Creating a message format","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Often times I want to automate http queries. I currently use Java(and commons http client), but would probably prefer a scripting based approach. Something really quick and simple. Where I can set a header, go to a page and not worry about setting up the entire OO lifecycle, setting each header, calling up an html parser... I am looking for a solution in ANY language, preferable scripting","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4483,"Q_Id":2043058,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What about using PHP+Curl, or just bash?","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,ruby,perl,http,scripting","A_Id":2043069,"CreationDate":"2010-01-11T16:15:00.000","Title":"Scripting HTTP more effeciently","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I more or less know how to use select() to take a list of sockets, and only return the ones that are ready to read\/write something.  The project I'm working on now has a class called 'user'.  Each 'user' object contains its own socket.  What I would like to do is pass a list of users to a select(), and get back a list of only the users where user.socket is ready to read\/write.  Any thoughts on where to start on this?\nEdit:  Changed switch() to select().  I need to proofread better.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":547,"Q_Id":2046727,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You should have your User class implement a fileno(self) method which returns self.thesocket.fileno() -- that's the way to make select work on your own classes (sockets only on windows, arbitrary files on Unix-like systems).  Not sure what switch is supposed to me -- don't recognize it as a standard library (or built-in) Python concept...?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":2046760,"CreationDate":"2010-01-12T04:28:00.000","Title":"Creating waitable objects in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am pretty sure the answer is no but of course there are cleverer guys than me!\nIs there a way to construct a lazy SAX based XML parser that can be stopped (e.g. raising an exception is a possible way of doing this) but also resumable ?\nI am looking for a possible solution for Python >= 2.6 with standard XML libraries. The \"lazy\" part is also trivial: I am really after the \"resumable\" property here.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1020,"Q_Id":2059455,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Expat can be stopped and is resumable. AFAIK Python SAX parser uses Expat. Does the API really not expose the stopping stuff to the Python side?? \nEDIT: nope, looks like the parser stopping isn't available from Python...","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,sax","A_Id":2059524,"CreationDate":"2010-01-13T19:07:00.000","Title":"Lazy SAX XML parser with stop\/resume","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Any function in that Graphviz which can do that?\nIf not, any other free software that can do that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2271,"Q_Id":2066259,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Compute the complement yourself, then plot it.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,graph,plot,graphviz,complement","A_Id":2066328,"CreationDate":"2010-01-14T17:49:00.000","Title":"How to draw complement of a network graph?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a client\/server application in Python and I'm finding it necessary to get a new connection to the server for each request from the client. My server is just inheriting from TCPServer and I'm inheriting from BaseRequestHandler to do my processing. I'm not calling self.request.close() anywhere in the handler, but somehow the server seems to be hanging up on my client. What's up?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9010,"Q_Id":2066810,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You sure the client is not hanging up on the server?  This is a bit too vague to really tell what is up, but generally a server that is accepting data from a client will quit the connection of the read returns no data.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":2066907,"CreationDate":"2010-01-14T19:09:00.000","Title":"Does the TCPServer + BaseRequestHandler in Python's SocketServer close the socket after each call to handle()?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a client\/server application in Python and I'm finding it necessary to get a new connection to the server for each request from the client. My server is just inheriting from TCPServer and I'm inheriting from BaseRequestHandler to do my processing. I'm not calling self.request.close() anywhere in the handler, but somehow the server seems to be hanging up on my client. What's up?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":9010,"Q_Id":2066810,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"Okay, I read the code (on my Mac, SocketServer.py is at \/System\/Library\/Frameworks\/Python.framework\/Versions\/2.5\/lib\/python2.5\/).\nIndeed, TCPServer is closing the connection. In BaseServer.handle_request, process_request is called, which calls close_request.  In the TCPServer class, close_request calls self.request.close(), and self.request is just the socket used to handle the request.\nSo the answer to my question is \"Yes\".","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":2072002,"CreationDate":"2010-01-14T19:09:00.000","Title":"Does the TCPServer + BaseRequestHandler in Python's SocketServer close the socket after each call to handle()?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to grab daily sunrise\/sunset times from a web site. Is it possible to scrape web content with Python? what are the modules used? Is there any tutorial available?","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":208635,"Q_Id":2081586,"Users Score":63,"Answer":"I'd really recommend Scrapy.\nQuote from a deleted answer:\n\n\nScrapy crawling is fastest than mechanize because uses asynchronous operations (on top of Twisted).\nScrapy has better and fastest support for parsing (x)html on top of libxml2.\nScrapy is a mature framework with full unicode, handles redirections, gzipped responses, odd encodings, integrated http cache, etc.\nOnce you are into Scrapy, you can write a spider in less than 5 minutes that download images, creates thumbnails and export the extracted data directly to csv or json.","Q_Score":188,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,screen-scraping","A_Id":8603040,"CreationDate":"2010-01-17T16:06:00.000","Title":"Web scraping with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i am new to network programming in python. I wanted to know that what is the maximum size packet we can transmit or receive on python socket? and how to find out it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7528,"Q_Id":2091097,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think there's any Python-specific limits. UDP packets have a theoretical limit of circa 65kb and TCP no upper limit, but you'll have flow control problems if you use packets much more than a few kilobytes.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":2091157,"CreationDate":"2010-01-19T04:35:00.000","Title":"What is the maximum packet size a python socket can handle?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I just downloaded Beautiful Soup and I've decided I'll make a small library (is that what they call them in Python?) that will return results of a movie given and IMDB movie search.\nMy question is, how exactly does this import thing work?\nFor example, I downloaded BeautifulSoup and all it is, is a .py file. Does that file have to be in the same folder as the my python application (my project that will use the library)?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":217,"Q_Id":2095505,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Might not be relevant, but have you considered using imdbpy? Last time I used it it worked pretty well...","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,import","A_Id":2097024,"CreationDate":"2010-01-19T17:28:00.000","Title":"A few questions regarding Pythons 'import' feature","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In my python application using mod_wsgi and cherrypy ontop of Apache my response code get changed to a 500 from a 403.  I am explicitly setting this to 403.  \ni.e.\ncherrypy.response.status = 403\nI do not understand where and why the response code that the client receives is 500.  Does anyone have any experience with this problem>","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1737,"Q_Id":2106377,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The HTTP 500 error is used for internal server errors.  Something in the server or your application is likely throwing an exception, so no matter what you set the response code to be before this, CherryPy will send a 500 back.\nYou can look into whatever tools CherryPy includes for debugging or logging (I'm not familiar with them).  You can also set breakpoints into your code and continue stepping into the CherryPy internals until it hits the error case.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,apache,mod-wsgi,cherrypy","A_Id":2106456,"CreationDate":"2010-01-21T01:46:00.000","Title":"CherryPy changes my response code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have been working with python for a while now. Recently I got into Sockets with Twisted which was good for learning Telnet, SSH, and Message Passing. I wanted to take an idea and implement it in a web fashion. A week of searching and all I can really do is create a resource that handles GET and POST all to itself. And this I am told is bad practice.\nSo The questions I have after one week:\n* Are other options like Tornado and Standard Python Sockets a better (or more popular) approach?\n* Should one really use separate resources in Twisted GET and POST operations?\n* What is a good resource to start in this area of Python Development?  \nMy background with languages are C, Java, HTML\/DHTML\/XHTML\/XML and my main systems (even home) are Linux.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":474,"Q_Id":2114847,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'd recommend against building your own web server and handling raw socket calls to build web applications;  it makes much more sense to just write your web services as wsgi applications and use an existing web server, whether it's something like tornado or apache with mod_wsgi.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,webserver,twisted,tornado","A_Id":2114986,"CreationDate":"2010-01-22T04:01:00.000","Title":"Python approach to Web Services and\/or handeling GET and POST","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have extensive experience with PHP cURL but for the last few months I've been coding primarily in Java, utilizing the HttpClient library.\nMy new project requires me to use Python, once again putting me at the crossroads of seemingly comparable libraries: pycurl and urllib2.\nPutting aside my previous experience with PHP cURL, what is the recommended library in Python? Is there a reason to use one but not the other? Which is the more popular option?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4948,"Q_Id":2121945,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use urllib2. It's got very good documentation in python, while pycurl is mostly C documentation. If you hit a wall, switch to mechanize or pycurl.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,urllib2,pycurl","A_Id":2122198,"CreationDate":"2010-01-23T03:20:00.000","Title":"Python: urllib2 or Pycurl?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have extensive experience with PHP cURL but for the last few months I've been coding primarily in Java, utilizing the HttpClient library.\nMy new project requires me to use Python, once again putting me at the crossroads of seemingly comparable libraries: pycurl and urllib2.\nPutting aside my previous experience with PHP cURL, what is the recommended library in Python? Is there a reason to use one but not the other? Which is the more popular option?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4948,"Q_Id":2121945,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"urllib2 is part of the standard library, pycurl isn't (so it requires a separate step of download\/install\/package etc).  That alone, quite apart from any difference in intrinsic quality, is guaranteed to make urllib2 more popular (and can be a pretty good pragmatical reason to pick it -- convenience!-).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,urllib2,pycurl","A_Id":2121967,"CreationDate":"2010-01-23T03:20:00.000","Title":"Python: urllib2 or Pycurl?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a big list of Twitter users stored in a database, almost 1000.\nI would like to use the Streaming API in order to stream tweets from these users, but I cannot find an appropriate way to do this.\nHelp would be very much appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2823,"Q_Id":2123651,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can track 400 filter words and 5000 userids via streaming api. \nFilter words can be something apple, orange, ipad etc...\nAnd in order to track any user's timeline you need to get the user's twitter user id.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"php,python,twitter","A_Id":8286513,"CreationDate":"2010-01-23T15:34:00.000","Title":"Streaming multiple tweets - from multiple users? - Twitter API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a way to connect a frontend server (running Django) with a backend server.\nI want to avoid inventing my own protocol on top of a socket, so my plan was to use SimpleHTTPServer + JSON or XML.\nHowever, we also require some security (authentication + encryption) for the connection, which isn't quite as simple to implement.\nAny ideas for alternatives? What mechanisms would you use? I definitely want to avoid CORBA (we have used it before, and it's way too complex for what we need).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":324,"Q_Id":2125149,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use a client side certificate for the connection. This is a good monetization technique to get more income for your client side app.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,json,networking,ipc","A_Id":2125162,"CreationDate":"2010-01-23T23:18:00.000","Title":"Network IPC With Authentication (in Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What library should I use for network programming? Is sockets the best, or is there a higher level interface, that is standard?\nI need something that will be pretty cross platform (ie. Linux, Windows, Mac OS X), and it only needs to be able to connect to other Python programs using the same library.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1164,"Q_Id":2128266,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Socket is low level api, it is mapped directly to operating system interface.\nTwisted, Tornado ... are high level framework (of course they are built on socket because socket is low level).\nWhen it come to TCP\/IP programming, you should have some basic knowledge to make a decision about what you shoud use:\n\nWill you use well-known protocol like HTTP, FTP or create your own protocol? \nBlocking or non-blocking? Twisted, Tornado are non-blocking framework (basically like nodejs). \nOf course, socket can do everything because every other framework is base on its ;)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":39160652,"CreationDate":"2010-01-24T18:51:00.000","Title":"Network programming in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What library should I use for network programming? Is sockets the best, or is there a higher level interface, that is standard?\nI need something that will be pretty cross platform (ie. Linux, Windows, Mac OS X), and it only needs to be able to connect to other Python programs using the same library.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.024994793,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1164,"Q_Id":2128266,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The socket module in the standard lib is in my opinion a good choice if you don't need high performance.\nIt is a very famous API that is known by almost every developpers of almost every languages. It's quite sipmple and there is a lot of information available on the internet. Moreover, it will be easier for other people to understand your code.\nI guess that an event-driven framework like Twisted has better performance but in basic cases standard sockets are enough.\nOf course, if you use a higher-level protocol (http, ftp...), you should use the corresponding implementation in the python standard library.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":2128966,"CreationDate":"2010-01-24T18:51:00.000","Title":"Network programming in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python program with many threads. I was thinking of creating a socket, bind it to localhost, and have the threads read\/write to this central location. However I do not want this socket open to the rest of the network, just connections from 127.0.0.1 should be accepted. How would I do this (in Python)? And is this a suitable design? Or is there something a little more elegant?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15248,"Q_Id":2135595,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"notionOn TCP\/IP networks 127.0.0.0\/8 is a non-routeable network, so you should not be able to send an IP datagram destined to 127.0.0.1 across a routed infrastructure. The router will just discard the datagram. However, it is possible to construct and send datagrams with a destination address of 127.0.0.1, so a host on the same network (IP sense of network) as your host could possibly get the datagram to your host's TCP\/IP stack. This is where your local firewal comes into play. Your local (host) firewall should have a rule that discards IP datagrams destined for 127.0.0.0\/8 coming into any interface other than lo0 (or the equivalent loopback interface). If your host either 1) has such firewall rules in place or 2) exists on its own network (or shared with only completely trusted hosts) and behind a well configured router, you can safely just bind to 127.0.0.1 and be fairly certain any datagrams you receive on the socket came from the local machine. The prior answers address how to open and bind to 127.0.0.1.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,client-server","A_Id":2135937,"CreationDate":"2010-01-25T21:00:00.000","Title":"Creating a socket restricted to localhost connections only","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python program with many threads. I was thinking of creating a socket, bind it to localhost, and have the threads read\/write to this central location. However I do not want this socket open to the rest of the network, just connections from 127.0.0.1 should be accepted. How would I do this (in Python)? And is this a suitable design? Or is there something a little more elegant?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15248,"Q_Id":2135595,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you do sock.bind((port,'127.0.0.1')) it will only listen on localhost, and not on other interfaces, so that's all you need.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,client-server","A_Id":2135628,"CreationDate":"2010-01-25T21:00:00.000","Title":"Creating a socket restricted to localhost connections only","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've well developed Python Server having workflows, views, object - ORM\/OSV, etc...\nServer\/Client communication based on socket protocol,  can be done by any of service \n1. XMLRPC Service\n2. Socket Service \nnow I want to develop a Fully Ajax based GUI web Client..\nI've web\/socket services to communicate with server.\nwhat I need is to select the technology, I've several options like,\n\nExtJS - CherryPy\nGWT\nExt-GWT\nCheeryPy\nDjango + JQuery\nDjango + Extjs\n???\n???...","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2943,"Q_Id":2138868,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"How about Pylons + SQLAlchemy + ExtJS? We use it and it works great!","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,django,gwt,extjs,webclient","A_Id":2140012,"CreationDate":"2010-01-26T10:51:00.000","Title":"Which technology is preferable to build a web based GUI Client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've well developed Python Server having workflows, views, object - ORM\/OSV, etc...\nServer\/Client communication based on socket protocol,  can be done by any of service \n1. XMLRPC Service\n2. Socket Service \nnow I want to develop a Fully Ajax based GUI web Client..\nI've web\/socket services to communicate with server.\nwhat I need is to select the technology, I've several options like,\n\nExtJS - CherryPy\nGWT\nExt-GWT\nCheeryPy\nDjango + JQuery\nDjango + Extjs\n???\n???...","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2943,"Q_Id":2138868,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm not sure I understood exactly on the server side, but i'm a big fan of Flex as a way to develop proper software for the browser, rather than mess of trying to make HTML do things it was never made for. Partly an idealistic reasoning, but I also am still not impressed by the 'feel' of JS-based GUIs.\nFlex has good server-communication options... web-services, sockets, remote objects, etc.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,django,gwt,extjs,webclient","A_Id":2138949,"CreationDate":"2010-01-26T10:51:00.000","Title":"Which technology is preferable to build a web based GUI Client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to scrape a site with python. I obtain the source html code with the urlib module, but I need to scrape also some html code that is generated by a javascript function (which is included in the html source). What this functions does \"in\" the site is that when you press a button it outputs some html code. How can I \"press\" this button with python code? Can scrapy help me? I captured the POST request with firebug but when I try to pass it on the url I get a 403 error. Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17188,"Q_Id":2148493,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I have had to do this before (in .NET) and you are basically going to have to host a browser, get it to click the button, and then interrogate the DOM (document object model) of the browser to get at the generated HTML.\nThis is definitely one of the downsides to web apps moving towards an Ajax\/Javascript approach to generating HTML client-side.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"javascript,python,browser,screen-scraping","A_Id":2148595,"CreationDate":"2010-01-27T16:20:00.000","Title":"scrape html generated by javascript with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In Python's mechanize.Browser module, when you submit a form the browser instance goes to that page. For this one request, I don't want that; I want it just to stay on the page it's currently on and give me the response in another object (for looping purposes). Anyone know a quick to do this?\nEDIT:\nHmm, so I have this kind of working with ClientForm.HTMLForm.click(), which returns a urllib2 request, but I need the cookies from mechanize's cookiejar to be used on my urllib2.urlopen request. Is there a method in mechanize that will let me send a request just like urllib2 with the exception that cookies will be imported?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1070,"Q_Id":2152098,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"The answer to my immediate question in the headline is yes, with mechanize.Browser.open_novisit(). It works just like open(), but it doesn't change the state of the Browser instance -- that is, it will retrieve the page, and your Browser object will stay where it was.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,mechanize","A_Id":2167177,"CreationDate":"2010-01-28T03:24:00.000","Title":"Can I get my instance of mechanize.Browser to stay on the same page after calling b.form.submit()?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I retrieve contacts from hotmail with python?\nIs there any example?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1864,"Q_Id":2165517,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"use octazen, but you have to pay for it","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,hotmail","A_Id":2458380,"CreationDate":"2010-01-29T22:08:00.000","Title":"How do I retrieve Hotmail contacts with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does Python have screen scraping libraries that offer JavaScript support?\nI've been using pycurl for simple HTML requests, and Java's HtmlUnit for more complicated requests requiring JavaScript support.\nIdeally I would like to be able to do everything from Python, but I haven't come across any libraries that would allow me to do it. Do they exist?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.057080742,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10580,"Q_Id":2190502,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"I have not found anything for this.  I use a combination of beautifulsoup and custom routines...","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,htmlunit,pycurl","A_Id":2190517,"CreationDate":"2010-02-03T08:11:00.000","Title":"Screen scraping with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'd like to make sure that my message was delivered to a queue. \nTo do so I'm adding the mandatory param to the basic_publish.\nWhat else should I do to receive the basic.return message if my message wasn't successfully delivered?\nI can't use channel.wait() to listen for the basic.return because when my message is successfully delivered the wait() function hangs forever. (There is no timeout)\nOn the other hand. When I don't call channel.wait() the channel.returned_messages will remain empty, even if the message isn't delivered.\nI use py-amqplib version 0.6.\nAny solution is welcome.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1192,"Q_Id":2191695,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It is currently impossible as the basic.return is sent asynchronously when a message is dropped in broker. When message was sent successfully no data is reported from server.\nSo pyAMQP can't listen for such messages.\nI've read few threads about this problem. Possible solution were:\n\nuse txAMQP, twisted version of amqp that handles basic.return\nuse pyAMQP with wait with timeout. (I'm not sure if that is currently possible)\nping server frequently with synchronous commands so that pyAMQP will able to pick basic.return messages when they arrive.\n\nBecause the level of support for pyAMQP and rabbitMQ in general is quite low, we decided not to use amqp broker at all.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,rabbitmq,amqp,py-amqplib","A_Id":2240828,"CreationDate":"2010-02-03T12:08:00.000","Title":"How to use listen on basic.return in python client of AMQP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the point of '\/segment\/segment\/'.split('\/') returning ['', 'segment', 'segment', '']?\nNotice the empty elements. If you're splitting on a delimiter that happens to be at position one and at the very end of a string, what extra value does it give you to have the empty string returned from each end?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":93416,"Q_Id":2197451,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"Having x.split(y) always return a list of 1 + x.count(y) items is a precious regularity -- as @gnibbler's already pointed out it makes split and join exact inverses of each other (as they obviously should be), it also precisely maps the semantics of all kinds of delimiter-joined records (such as csv file lines [[net of quoting issues]], lines from \/etc\/group in Unix, and so on), it allows (as @Roman's answer mentioned) easy checks for (e.g.) absolute vs relative paths (in file paths and URLs), and so forth.\nAnother way to look at it is that you shouldn't wantonly toss information out of the window for no gain.  What would be gained in making x.split(y) equivalent to x.strip(y).split(y)?  Nothing, of course -- it's easy to use the second form when that's what you mean, but if the first form was arbitrarily deemed to mean the second one, you'd have lot of work to do when you do want the first one (which is far from rare, as the previous paragraph points out).\nBut really, thinking in terms of mathematical regularity is the simplest and most general way you can teach yourself to design passable APIs.  To take a different example, it's very important that for any valid x and y x == x[:y] + x[y:] -- which immediately indicates why one extreme of a slicing should be excluded.  The simpler the invariant assertion you can formulate, the likelier it is that the resulting semantics are what you need in real life uses -- part of the mystical fact that maths is very useful in dealing with the universe.  \nTry formulating the invariant for a split dialect in which leading and trailing delimiters are special-cased... counter-example: string methods such as isspace are not maximally simple -- x.isspace() is equivalent to x and all(c in string.whitespace for c in x) -- that silly leading x and is why you so often find yourself coding not x or x.isspace(), to get back to the simplicity which should have been designed into the is... string methods (whereby an empty string \"is\" anything you want -- contrary to man-in-the-street horse-sense, maybe [[empty sets, like zero &c, have always confused most people;-)]], but fully conforming to obvious well-refined mathematical common-sense!-).","Q_Score":146,"Tags":"python,string,split","A_Id":2197605,"CreationDate":"2010-02-04T05:14:00.000","Title":"Why are empty strings returned in split() results?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the point of '\/segment\/segment\/'.split('\/') returning ['', 'segment', 'segment', '']?\nNotice the empty elements. If you're splitting on a delimiter that happens to be at position one and at the very end of a string, what extra value does it give you to have the empty string returned from each end?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":93416,"Q_Id":2197451,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Well, it lets you know there was a delimiter there. So, seeing 4 results lets you know you had 3 delimiters. This gives you the power to do whatever you want with this information, rather than having Python drop the empty elements, and then making you manually check for starting or ending delimiters if you need to know it.\nSimple example: Say you want to check for absolute vs. relative filenames. This way you can do it all with the split, without also having to check what the first character of your filename is.","Q_Score":146,"Tags":"python,string,split","A_Id":2197494,"CreationDate":"2010-02-04T05:14:00.000","Title":"Why are empty strings returned in split() results?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to verify that a video service is provided from an URL in python. I am asking does anyone know of any good libraries to use or a way to do this. I have not found much info for this on the web.\nThanks","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4091,"Q_Id":2207110,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If you do not want to use a library, as suggested by synack, you can open a socket connection to the given URL and send an RTSP DESCRIEBE request. That is actually quite simple since RTSP is text-based HTTP-like. You would need to parse the response for a meaningful result, e.g look for the presence of media streams.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,url,video-streaming,rtsp","A_Id":2247454,"CreationDate":"2010-02-05T12:23:00.000","Title":"Verify RTSP service via URL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to verify that a video service is provided from an URL in python. I am asking does anyone know of any good libraries to use or a way to do this. I have not found much info for this on the web.\nThanks","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4091,"Q_Id":2207110,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't believe Live555 provides a python library.  However, they do provide source code that can be compiled to build openRTSP.  This is a simple command-line utility that will perform the entire RTSP handshake to connect to the server and begin streaming to the client.  It also can provide statistic measurements (such as jitter, number of packets lost, etc.) that can be used to measure the quality of the streaming connection.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,url,video-streaming,rtsp","A_Id":2421464,"CreationDate":"2010-02-05T12:23:00.000","Title":"Verify RTSP service via URL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a Python web application and we will need a user identity verification solution... something to verify the users identity during account registration.\nI was wondering if anyone had any experience in integrating such a solution. What vendors\/products out there have worked well with you? Any tips?\nI don't have any experience in this matter so feel free to let me know if any additional information is required.\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":747,"Q_Id":2223790,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should have a look at WS-Trust.\nA implementation of that is Windows Identity Foundation. But I'm sure You'll find more.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,identity,verification","A_Id":2223896,"CreationDate":"2010-02-08T18:12:00.000","Title":"Online identity verification solution","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am building a Python web application and we will need a user identity verification solution... something to verify the users identity during account registration.\nI was wondering if anyone had any experience in integrating such a solution. What vendors\/products out there have worked well with you? Any tips?\nI don't have any experience in this matter so feel free to let me know if any additional information is required.\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":747,"Q_Id":2223790,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are many different ways to implement a verification system, the concept is quite simple but actually building can be a hassle, especially if you are doing it from scratch. \nThe best way to approach this is to find a framework that handles the aspect of verification. Turbogears and Pylons are both capable of this rather than doing it yourself or using third party apps.\nPersonally I have worked on commercial projects using both frameworks and was able to sort out verification quite easily.\nUser verification utilizes specific concepts and low level technology such as: the internet's stateless characteristic, session handling, database design, etc...\nSo the point I am making is that it would be better if you rather got a good, stable framework that could do the dirty work for you.\nBy the way what framework are you thinking of using? That would help me give a more detailed answer.\nHope this helps?","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,identity,verification","A_Id":2224273,"CreationDate":"2010-02-08T18:12:00.000","Title":"Online identity verification solution","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm considering to use XML-RPC.NET to communicate with a Linux XML-RPC server written in Python. I have tried a sample application (MathApp) from Cook Computing's XML-RPC.NET but it took 30 seconds for the app to add two numbers within the same LAN with server. \nI have also tried to run a simple client written in Python on Windows 7 to call the same server and it responded in 5 seconds. The machine has 4 GB of RAM with comparable processing power so this is not an issue. \nThen I tried to call the server from a Windows XP system with Java and PHP. Both responses were pretty fast, almost instantly. The server was responding quickly on localhost too, so I don't think the latency arise from server.  \nMy googling returned me some problems regarding Windows' use of IPv6 but our call to server does include IPv4 address (not hostname) in the same subnet. Anyways I turned off IPv6 but nothing changed.\nAre there any more ways to check for possible causes of latency?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1326,"Q_Id":2235643,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Run a packet capture on the client machine, check the network traffic timings versus the time the function is called.\nThis may help you determine where the latency is in your slow process, e.g. application start-up time, name resolution, etc.\nHow are you addressing the server from the client? By IP? By FQDN? Is the addressing method the same in each of the applications your using?\nIf you call the same remote procedure multiple times from the same slow application, does the time taken increase linearly?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"c#,.net,python,windows-7,xml-rpc","A_Id":2235703,"CreationDate":"2010-02-10T09:23:00.000","Title":"Slow XML-RPC in Windows 7 with XML-RPC.NET","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to tell urllib2.urlopen (or a custom opener) to use 127.0.0.1 (or ::1) to resolve addresses. I wouldn't change my \/etc\/resolv.conf, however.\nOne possible solution is to use a tool like dnspython to query addresses and httplib to build a custom url opener. I'd prefer telling urlopen to use a custom nameserver though. Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13644,"Q_Id":2236498,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You will need to implement your own dns lookup client (or using dnspython as you said). The name lookup procedure in glibc is pretty complex to ensure compatibility with other non-dns name systems. There's for example no way to specify a particular DNS server in the glibc library at all.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,dns,urllib2,dnspython,urlopen","A_Id":2237322,"CreationDate":"2010-02-10T11:46:00.000","Title":"Tell urllib2 to use custom DNS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have a script which pulls some XML from a remote server. If this script is running on any server other than production, it works.\nUpload it to production however, and it fails. It is using cURL for the request but it doesn't matter how we do it - fopen, file_get_contents, sockets - it just times out. This also happens if I use a Python script to request the URL.\nThe same script, supplied with another URL to query, works - every time. Obviously it doesn't return the XML we're looking for but it DOES return SOMETHINg - it CAN connect to the remote server. \nIf this URL is requested via the command line using, for example, curl or wget, again, data is returned. It's not the data we're looking for (in fact, it returns an empty root element) but something DOES come back.\nInterestingly, if we strip out query string elements from the URL (the full URL has 7 query string elements and runs to about 450 characters in total) the script will return the same empty XML response. Certain combinations of the query string will once again cause the script to time out.\nThis, as you can imagine, has me utterly baffled - it seems to work in every circumstance EXCEPT the one it needs to work in. We can get a response on our dev servers, we can get a response on the command line, we can get a response if we drop certain QS elements - we just can't get the response we want with the correct URL on the LIVE server.\nDoes anyone have any suggestions at all? I'm at my wits end!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":606,"Q_Id":2236864,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Run Wireshark and see how far the request goes. Could be a firewall issue, a DNS resolution problem, among other things.\nAlso, try bumping your curl timeout to something much higher, like 300s, and see how it goes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,xml,apache,curl","A_Id":2236930,"CreationDate":"2010-02-10T12:54:00.000","Title":"PHP \/ cURL problem opening remote file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a good library in python that will help me parse RSS feeds. Has anyone used feedparser? Any feedback?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.024994793,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23570,"Q_Id":2244836,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I Strongly recommend feedparser.","Q_Score":41,"Tags":"python,rss,feedparser","A_Id":2245462,"CreationDate":"2010-02-11T13:57:00.000","Title":"RSS feed parser library in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a good library in python that will help me parse RSS feeds. Has anyone used feedparser? Any feedback?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23570,"Q_Id":2244836,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you want an alternative, try xml.dom.minidom.\nLike \"Django is Python\", \"RSS is XML\".","Q_Score":41,"Tags":"python,rss,feedparser","A_Id":2245280,"CreationDate":"2010-02-11T13:57:00.000","Title":"RSS feed parser library in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I browsed the python socket docs and google for two days but I did not find any answer. Yeah I am a network programming newbie :)\nI would like to implement some LAN chatting system with specific function for our needs. I am at the very beginning. I was able to implement a client-server model where the client connects to the server (socket.SOCK_STREAM) and they are able to change messages. I want to step forward. I want the client to discover the LAN with a broadcast how many other clients are available.\nI failed. Is it possible that a socket.SOCK_STREAM type socket could not be used for this task?\nIf so, what are my opportunities? using udp packets? How I have to listen for brodcast messages\/packets?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3935,"Q_Id":2247228,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The broadcast is defined by the destination address.\nFor example if your own ip is 192.168.1.2, the broadcast address would be 192.168.1.255 (in most cases)\nIt is not related directly to python and will probably not be in its documentation. You are searching for network \"general\" knowledge, to a level much higher than sockets programming\n*EDIT\nYes you are right, you cannot use SOCK_STREAM. SOCK_STREAM defines TCP communication. You should use UDP for broadcasting with socket.SOCK_DGRAM","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python","A_Id":2247237,"CreationDate":"2010-02-11T19:45:00.000","Title":"stream socket send\/receive broadcast messages?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have edited about 100 html files locally, and now I want to push them to my live server, which I can only access via ftp.\nThe HTML files are in many different directories, but hte directory structure on the remote machine is the same as on the local machine.\nHow can I recursively descend from my top-level directory ftp-ing all of the .html files to the corresponding directory\/filename on the remote machine?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":409,"Q_Id":2263782,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"umm, maybe by pressing F5 in mc for linux or total commander for windows?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,scripting,ftp","A_Id":2263804,"CreationDate":"2010-02-15T02:37:00.000","Title":"How to upload all .html files to a remote server using FTP and preserving file structure?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have edited about 100 html files locally, and now I want to push them to my live server, which I can only access via ftp.\nThe HTML files are in many different directories, but hte directory structure on the remote machine is the same as on the local machine.\nHow can I recursively descend from my top-level directory ftp-ing all of the .html files to the corresponding directory\/filename on the remote machine?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":409,"Q_Id":2263782,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if you have a mac, you can try cyberduck.  It's good for syncing remote directory structures via ftp.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,scripting,ftp","A_Id":2299546,"CreationDate":"2010-02-15T02:37:00.000","Title":"How to upload all .html files to a remote server using FTP and preserving file structure?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Given this:\nIt%27s%20me%21\nUnencode it and turn it into regular text?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5032,"Q_Id":2277302,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"Take a look at urllib.unquote and urllib.unquote_plus.  That will address your problem.  Technically though url \"encoding\" is the process of passing arguments into a url with the & and ? characters (e.g. www.foo.com?x=11&y=12).","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,url,encoding","A_Id":2277313,"CreationDate":"2010-02-16T23:50:00.000","Title":"How do I url unencode in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to use ms office communicator client apis, and i wan to use those in python is it possible to do ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1868,"Q_Id":2286790,"Users Score":2,"Answer":">>> import win32com.client\n>>> msg = win32com.client.Dispatch('Communicator.UIAutomation')\n>>> msg.InstantMessage('user@domain.com')","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,office-communicator","A_Id":3754769,"CreationDate":"2010-02-18T06:48:00.000","Title":"How can we use ms office communicator client exposed APIs in python, is that possible?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing service in python that async ping domains. So it must be able to ping many ip's at the same time. I wrote it on epoll ioloop, but have problem with packets loss.\nWhen there are many simultaneous ICMP requests much part of replies on them didn't reach my servise. What may cause this situation and how i can make my service ping many hosts at the same time without packet loss?\nThanks)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":788,"Q_Id":2299751,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A problem you might be having is due to the fact that ICMP is layer 3 of the OSI model and does not use a port for communication. In short, ICMP isn't really designed for this.  The desired behavior is still possible but perhaps the IP Stack you are using is getting in the way and if this is on a Windows system then 100% sure this is your problem.   I would fire up Wireshark to make sure you are actually getting incoming packets,  if this is the case then I would use libpcap to track in ICMP replies.   If the problem is with sending then you'll have to use raw sockets and build your own ICMP packets.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ping,icmp","A_Id":2299927,"CreationDate":"2010-02-19T21:32:00.000","Title":"Problem with asyn icmp ping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a general Client-Server socket program where the client sends commands to the Server, which executes it and sends the result to the Client. \nHowever if there is an error while executing a command, I want to be able to inform the Client of an error. I know I could send the String \"ERROR\" or maybe something like -1 etc, but these could also be part of the command output. Is there any better way of sending an error or an exception over a socket.\nMy Server is in Java and Client is in Python","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":134,"Q_Id":2302761,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Typically when doing client-server communication you need to establish some kind of protocol.  One very simple protocol is to send the String \"COMMAND\" before you send any commands and the String \"ERROR\" before you send any errors.  This doubles the number of Strings you have to send but gives more flexibility.\nThere are also a number of more sophisticated protocols already developed.  Rather than sending Strings you could construct a Request object which you then serialize and send to the client.  The client can then reconstruct the Request object and perform the request whether it's performing an error or running a command.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,sockets","A_Id":2302787,"CreationDate":"2010-02-20T16:05:00.000","Title":"Pass error on socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a general Client-Server socket program where the client sends commands to the Server, which executes it and sends the result to the Client. \nHowever if there is an error while executing a command, I want to be able to inform the Client of an error. I know I could send the String \"ERROR\" or maybe something like -1 etc, but these could also be part of the command output. Is there any better way of sending an error or an exception over a socket.\nMy Server is in Java and Client is in Python","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":134,"Q_Id":2302761,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You're already (necessarily) establishing some format or protocol whereby strings are being sent back and forth -- either you're somehow terminating each string, or sending its length first, or the like.  (TCP is intrinsically just a stream so without such a protocol there would be no way the recipient could possibly know when the command or output is finished!-)\nSo, whatever approach you're using to delimiting strings, just make it so the results sent back from server to client are two strings each and every time: one being the error description (empty if no error), the other being the commands's results (empty if no results).  That's going to be trivial both to send and receive\/parse, and have minimal overhead (sending an empty string should be as simple as sending just a terminator or a length of 0).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,sockets","A_Id":2302805,"CreationDate":"2010-02-20T16:05:00.000","Title":"Pass error on socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am having trouble exchanging my Oauth request token for an Access Token. My Python application successfully asks for a Request Token and then redirects to the Google login page asking to grant access to my website. When I grant access I retrieve a 200 status code but exchanging this authorized request token for an access token gives me a 'The token is invalid' message. \nThe Google Oauth documentation says: \"Google redirects with token and verifier regardless of whether the token has been authorized.\" so it seems that authorizing the request token fails but then I am not sure how I should get an authorized request token. Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1332,"Q_Id":2306984,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When you're exchanging for the access token, the oauth_verifier parameter is required. If you don't provide that parameter, then google will tell you that the token is invalid.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,oauth,google-api","A_Id":3110939,"CreationDate":"2010-02-21T18:50:00.000","Title":"Exchange Oauth Request Token for Access Token fails Google API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Using Python, how does one parse\/access files with Linux-specific features, like \"~\/.mozilla\/firefox\/*.default\"?  I've tried this, but it doesn't work.\nThanks","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7357,"Q_Id":2313053,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It's important to remember:\n\nuse of the tilde ~ expands the home directory as per Poke's answer\nuse of the forward slash \/ is the separator for linux \/ *nix directories\nby default, *nix systems such as linux for example has a wild card globbing in the shell, for instance echo *.* will return back all files that match the asterisk dot asterisk (as per Will McCutcheon's answer!)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,linux,path","A_Id":2313168,"CreationDate":"2010-02-22T18:17:00.000","Title":"Python: How to Access Linux Paths","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am coding a python (2.6) interface to a web service. I need to communicate via http so that :\n\nCookies are handled automatically,\nThe requests are asynchronous,\nThe order in which the requests are sent is respected (the order in which the responses to these requests are received does not matter).\n\nI have tried what could be easily derived from the build-in libraries, facing different problems :\n\nUsing httplib and urllib2, the requests are synchronous unless I use thread, in which case the order is not guaranteed to be respected,\nUsing asyncore, there was no library to automatically deal with cookies send by the web service.\n\nAfter some googling, it seems that there are many examples of python scripts or libraries that match 2 out of the 3 criteria, but not the 3 of them. I am thinking of reading through the cookielib sources and adapting what I need of it to asyncore (or only to my application in a ad hoc manner), but it seems strange that nothing like this exists yet, as I guess I am not the only one interested. If anyone knows of pointers about this problem, it would be greatly appreciated.\nThank you.\nEdit to clarify :\nWhat I am doing is a local proxy that interfaces my IRC client with a webchat. It creates a socket that listens to IRC connections, then upon receiving one, it logs in the webchat via http. I don't have access to the behaviour of the webchat, and it uses cookies for session IDs. When client sends several IRC requests to my python proxy, I have to forward them to the webchat's server via http and with cookies. I also want to do this asynchronously (I don't want to wait for the http response before I send the next request), and currently what happens is that the order in which the http requests are sent is not the order in which the IRC commands were received.\nI hope this clarifies the question, and I will of course detail more if it doesn't.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1531,"Q_Id":2315151,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Using httplib and urllib2, the\n  requests are synchronous unless I use\n  thread, in which case the order is not\n  guaranteed to be respected\n\nHow would you know that the order has been respected unless you get your response back from the first connection before you send the response to the second connection? After all, you don't care what order the responses come in, so it's very possible that the responses come back in the order you expect but that your requests were processed in the wrong order!\nThe only way you can guarantee the ordering is by waiting for confirmation that the first request has successfully arrived (eg. you start receiving the response for it) before beginning the second request. You can do this by not launching the second thread until you reach the response handling part of the first thread.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,asynchronous,cookies","A_Id":2317612,"CreationDate":"2010-02-22T23:43:00.000","Title":"Python: Asynchronous http requests sent in order with automatic handling of cookies?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i have a string \n'''\n{\"session_key\":\"3.KbRiifBOxY_0ouPag6__.3600.1267063200-16423986\",\"uid\":164\n23386,\"expires\":12673200,\"secret\":\"sm7WM_rRtjzXeOT_jDoQ__\",\"sig\":\"6a6aeb66\n64a1679bbeed4282154b35\"}\n'''\nhow to get the value .\nthanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":115,"Q_Id":2330857,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For a simple-to-code method, I suggest using ast.parse() or eval() to create a dictionary from your string, and then accessing the fields as usual. The difference between the two functions above is that ast.parse can only evaluate base types, and is therefore more secure if someone can give you a string that could contain \"bad\" code.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":2330884,"CreationDate":"2010-02-25T01:00:00.000","Title":"which is the best way to get the value of 'session_key','uid','expires'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I found the quoted text in Programming Python 3rd edition by Mark Lutz from Chapter 16: Server-Side Scripting (page 987):\n\nForms also include a method option to specify the encoding style to be used to send data over a socket to the target server machine. Here, we use the post style, which contacts the server and then ships it a stream of user input data in a separate transmission. An alternative get style ships input information to the server in a single transmission step, by adding user inputs to the end of the URL used to invoke the script, usually after a ? character (more on this soon).\n\nI read this with some puzzlement. As far as I know post data is sent in the same transmission as a part of the same http header. I have never heard of this extra step for post data transmission.\nI quickly looked over the relevant HTTP rfc's and didn't notice any distinction in version 1.0 or 1.1. I also used wireshark for some analysis and didn't notice multiple transmissions for post.\nAm I missing something fundamental or is this an error in the text?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":372,"Q_Id":2339742,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, there is only one transmission of data between server and client.\nThe context of the passage was referring to communication between web server and cgi application. Server communication between the web server and the cgi application using POST happens in two separate transfers. The request for the python script is sent by the server in a single transfer and then the POST data is sent separately over stdin (two transfers).\nWhereas with GET the input data is passed as env vars or command line args in one transfer.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,post,cgi,get","A_Id":2790879,"CreationDate":"2010-02-26T05:51:00.000","Title":"HTTP POST Requests require multiple transmissions?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I found the quoted text in Programming Python 3rd edition by Mark Lutz from Chapter 16: Server-Side Scripting (page 987):\n\nForms also include a method option to specify the encoding style to be used to send data over a socket to the target server machine. Here, we use the post style, which contacts the server and then ships it a stream of user input data in a separate transmission. An alternative get style ships input information to the server in a single transmission step, by adding user inputs to the end of the URL used to invoke the script, usually after a ? character (more on this soon).\n\nI read this with some puzzlement. As far as I know post data is sent in the same transmission as a part of the same http header. I have never heard of this extra step for post data transmission.\nI quickly looked over the relevant HTTP rfc's and didn't notice any distinction in version 1.0 or 1.1. I also used wireshark for some analysis and didn't notice multiple transmissions for post.\nAm I missing something fundamental or is this an error in the text?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":372,"Q_Id":2339742,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Simple POST request is in single step. but when you are uploading a file, than the form is posted in multiple parts. In that case, the content type  application\/x-www-form-urlencoded is changed to multipart\/form-data.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,post,cgi,get","A_Id":2339754,"CreationDate":"2010-02-26T05:51:00.000","Title":"HTTP POST Requests require multiple transmissions?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing a project that requires a single configuration file whose data is used by multiple modules.\nMy question is: what is the common approach to that? should i read the configuration file from each\nof my modules (files) or is there any other way to do it?\nI was thinking to have a module named config.py that reads the configuration files and whenever I need a config I do import config and then do something like config.data['teamsdir'] get the 'teamsdir' property (for example).\nresponse: opted for the conf.py approach then since it it is modular, flexible and simple\nI can just put the configuration data directly in the file, latter if i want to read from a json file a xml file or multiple sources i just change the conf.py and make sure the data is accessed the same way.\naccepted answer: chose \"Alex Martelli\" response because it was the most complete. voted up other answers because they where good and useful too.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6382,"Q_Id":2348927,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The approach you describe is ok. If you want to add support for user config files, you can use  execfile(os.path.expanduser(\"~\/.yourprogram\/config.py\")).","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,configuration-files","A_Id":2348941,"CreationDate":"2010-02-27T20:53:00.000","Title":"python single configuration file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing a project that requires a single configuration file whose data is used by multiple modules.\nMy question is: what is the common approach to that? should i read the configuration file from each\nof my modules (files) or is there any other way to do it?\nI was thinking to have a module named config.py that reads the configuration files and whenever I need a config I do import config and then do something like config.data['teamsdir'] get the 'teamsdir' property (for example).\nresponse: opted for the conf.py approach then since it it is modular, flexible and simple\nI can just put the configuration data directly in the file, latter if i want to read from a json file a xml file or multiple sources i just change the conf.py and make sure the data is accessed the same way.\naccepted answer: chose \"Alex Martelli\" response because it was the most complete. voted up other answers because they where good and useful too.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6382,"Q_Id":2348927,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"I like the approach of a single config.py module whose body (when first imported) parses one or more configuration-data files and sets its own \"global variables\" appropriately -- though I'd favor config.teamdata over the round-about config.data['teamdata'] approach.\nThis assumes configuration settings are read-only once loaded (except maybe in unit-testing scenarios, where the test-code will be doing its own artificial setting of config variables to properly exercise the code-under-test) -- it basically exploits the nature of a module as the simplest Pythonic form of \"singleton\" (when you don't need subclassing or other features supported only by classes and not by modules, of course).\n\"One or more\" configuration files (e.g. first one somewhere in \/etc for general default settings, then one under \/usr\/local for site-specific overrides thereof, then again possibly one in the user's home directory for user specific settings) is a common and useful pattern.","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,configuration-files","A_Id":2349182,"CreationDate":"2010-02-27T20:53:00.000","Title":"python single configuration file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing a project that requires a single configuration file whose data is used by multiple modules.\nMy question is: what is the common approach to that? should i read the configuration file from each\nof my modules (files) or is there any other way to do it?\nI was thinking to have a module named config.py that reads the configuration files and whenever I need a config I do import config and then do something like config.data['teamsdir'] get the 'teamsdir' property (for example).\nresponse: opted for the conf.py approach then since it it is modular, flexible and simple\nI can just put the configuration data directly in the file, latter if i want to read from a json file a xml file or multiple sources i just change the conf.py and make sure the data is accessed the same way.\naccepted answer: chose \"Alex Martelli\" response because it was the most complete. voted up other answers because they where good and useful too.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6382,"Q_Id":2348927,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"One nice approach is to parse the config file(s) into a Python object when the application starts and pass this object around to all classes and modules requiring access to the configuration. \nThis may save a lot of time parsing the config.","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,configuration-files","A_Id":2349159,"CreationDate":"2010-02-27T20:53:00.000","Title":"python single configuration file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know a little of dom, and would like to learn about ElementTree. Python 2.6 has a somewhat older implementation of ElementTree, but still usable. However, it looks like it comes with two different classes: xml.etree.ElementTree and xml.etree.cElementTree. Would someone please be so kind to enlighten me with their differences? Thank you.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14861,"Q_Id":2351694,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"ElementTree is  implemented in python while cElementTree is implemented in C.  Thus cElementTree will be faster, but also not available where you don't have access to C, such as in Jython or IronPython or on Google App Engine.\nFunctionally, they should be equivalent.","Q_Score":24,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":2351710,"CreationDate":"2010-02-28T16:32:00.000","Title":"What are the Difference between cElementtree and ElementTree?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know a little of dom, and would like to learn about ElementTree. Python 2.6 has a somewhat older implementation of ElementTree, but still usable. However, it looks like it comes with two different classes: xml.etree.ElementTree and xml.etree.cElementTree. Would someone please be so kind to enlighten me with their differences? Thank you.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":14861,"Q_Id":2351694,"Users Score":31,"Answer":"It is the same library (same API, same features) but ElementTree is implemented in Python and cElementTree is implemented in C.\nIf you can, use the C implementation because it is optimized for fast parsing and low memory use, and is 15-20 times faster than the Python implementation.\nUse the Python version if you are in a limited environment (C library loading not allowed).","Q_Score":24,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":2351707,"CreationDate":"2010-02-28T16:32:00.000","Title":"What are the Difference between cElementtree and ElementTree?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm currently trying to scrape a website that has fairly poorly-formatted HTML (often missing closing tags, no use of classes or ids so it's incredibly difficult to go straight to the element you want, etc.).  I've been using BeautifulSoup with some success so far but every once and a while (though quite rarely), I run into a page where BeautifulSoup creates the HTML tree a bit differently from (for example) Firefox or Webkit.  While this is understandable as the formatting of the HTML leaves this ambiguous, if I were able to get the same parse tree as Firefox or Webkit produces I would be able to parse things much more easily.\nThe problems are usually something like the site opens a <b> tag twice and when BeautifulSoup sees the second <b> tag, it immediately closes the first while Firefox and Webkit nest the <b> tags.\nIs there a web scraping library for Python (or even any other language (I'm getting desperate)) that can reproduce the parse tree generated by Firefox or WebKit (or at least get closer than BeautifulSoup in cases of ambiguity).","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0199973338,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4506,"Q_Id":2397295,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Well, WebKit is open source so you could use its own parser (in the WebCore component), if any language is acceptable","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,firefox,webkit,web-scraping","A_Id":2397311,"CreationDate":"2010-03-07T18:07:00.000","Title":"Web scraping with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to make a simple IRC client in Python (as kind of a project while I learn the language).\nI have a loop that I use to receive and parse what the IRC server sends me, but if I use raw_input to input stuff, it stops the loop dead in its tracks until I input something (obviously).\nHow can I input something without the loop stopping?\n(I don't think I need to post the code, I just want to input something without the while 1: loop stopping.)\nI'm on Windows.","AnswerCount":14,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":93857,"Q_Id":2408560,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I'd do what Mickey Chan said, but I'd use unicurses instead of normal curses.\nUnicurses is universal (works on all or at least almost all operating systems)","Q_Score":73,"Tags":"python,windows,input","A_Id":53794715,"CreationDate":"2010-03-09T11:17:00.000","Title":"Non-blocking console input?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Say there are two empty Queues. Is there a way to get an item from the queue that gets it first?\nSo I have a queue of high anonymous proxies, queues of anonymous and transparent ones. Some threads may need only high anon. proxies, while others may accept both high anon. and just anon. proxies. That's why I can't put them all to a single queue.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":119,"Q_Id":2411306,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If I had this problem (and \"polling\", i.e. trying each queue alternately with short timeouts, was unacceptable -- it usually is, being very wasteful of CPU time etc), I would tackle it by designing a \"multiqueue\" object -- one with multiple condition variables, one per \"subqueue\" and an overall one.  A put to any subqueue would signal that subqueue's specific condition variable as well as the overall one; a get from a specific subqueue would only wait on its specific condition variable, but there would also be a \"get from any subqueue\" which waits on the overall condition variable instead.  (If more combinations than \"get from this specific subqueue\" or \"get from any subqueue\" need to be supported, just as many condition variables as combinations to support would be needed).\nIt would be much simpler to code if get and put were reduced to their bare bones (no timeouts, no no-waits, etc) and all subqueues used a single overall mutex (very small overhead wrt many mutexes, and much easier to code in a deadlock-free way;-).  The subqueues could be exposed as \"simplified queue-like duckies\" to existing code which assumes it's dealing with a plain old queue (e.g. the multiqueue could support indexing to return proxy objects for the purpose).\nWith these assumptions, it wouldn't be much code, though it would be exceedingly tricky to write and inspect for correctness (alas, testing is of limited use when very subtle threading code is in play) -- I can't take the time for that right now, though I'd be glad to give it a try tonight (8 hours from now or so) if the assumptions are roughly correct and no other preferable answer has surfaced.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":2411865,"CreationDate":"2010-03-09T18:01:00.000","Title":"How to get an item from a set of Queues?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Say there are two empty Queues. Is there a way to get an item from the queue that gets it first?\nSo I have a queue of high anonymous proxies, queues of anonymous and transparent ones. Some threads may need only high anon. proxies, while others may accept both high anon. and just anon. proxies. That's why I can't put them all to a single queue.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":119,"Q_Id":2411306,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could check both queues in turn, each time using a short timeout. That way you would most likely read from the first queue that receives data. However, this solution is prone to race conditions if you will be getting many items on a regular basis.\nIf that is the case, do you have a good reason for not just writing data to one queue?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":2411355,"CreationDate":"2010-03-09T18:01:00.000","Title":"How to get an item from a set of Queues?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"A search for \"python\" and \"xml\" returns a variety of libraries for combining the two.\nThis list probably faulty:\n\nxml.dom\nxml.etree\nxml.sax\nxml.parsers.expat\nPyXML\nbeautifulsoup?\nHTMLParser\nhtmllib\nsgmllib\n\nBe nice if someone can offer a quick summary of when to use which, and why.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":803,"Q_Id":2430423,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I find xml.etree essentially sufficient for everything, except for BeautifulSoup if I ever need to parse broken XML (not a common problem, differently from broken HTML, which BeautifulSoup also helps with and is everywhere): it has reasonable support for reading entire XML docs in memory, navigating them, creating them, incrementally-parsing large docs.  lxml supports the same interface, and is generally faster -- useful to push performance when you can afford to install third party Python extensions (e.g. on App Engine you can't -- but xml.etree is still there, so you can run exactly the same code).  lxml also has more features, and offers BeautifulSoup too.\nThe other libs you mention mimic APIs designed for very different languages, and in general I see no reason to contort Python into those gyrations.  If you have very specific needs such as support for xslt, various kinds of validations, etc, it may be worth looking around for other libraries yet, but I haven't had such needs in a long time so I'm not current wrt the offerings for them.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":2430575,"CreationDate":"2010-03-12T04:02:00.000","Title":"Which XML library for what purposes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"A search for \"python\" and \"xml\" returns a variety of libraries for combining the two.\nThis list probably faulty:\n\nxml.dom\nxml.etree\nxml.sax\nxml.parsers.expat\nPyXML\nbeautifulsoup?\nHTMLParser\nhtmllib\nsgmllib\n\nBe nice if someone can offer a quick summary of when to use which, and why.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":803,"Q_Id":2430423,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"The DOM\/SAX divide is a basic one. It applies not just to python since DOM and SAX are cross-language.\nDOM: read the whole document into memory and manipulate it.\nGood for:\n\ncomplex relationships across tags in the markup\nsmall intricate XML documents\nCautions:\n\n\nEasy to use excessive memory\n\n\nSAX: parse the document while you read it. Good for:\n\nLong documents or open ended streams\nplaces where memory is a constraint\nCautions:\n\n\nYou'll need to code a stateful parser, which can be tricky\n\n\nbeautifulsoup:\nGreat for HTML or not-quite-well-formed markup. Easy to use and fast. Good for screen scraping, etc. It can work with markup where the XML based ones would just through an error saying the markup is incorrect.\nMost of the rest I haven't used, but I don't think there's hard and fast rules about when to use which.  Just your standard considerations: who is going to maintain the code, which APIs do you find most easy to use, how well do they work, etc.\nIn general, for basic needs, it's nice to use the standard library modules since they are \"standard\" and thus available and well known. However, if you need to dig deep into something, almost always there are newer nonstandard modules with superior functionality outside of the standard library.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":2430541,"CreationDate":"2010-03-12T04:02:00.000","Title":"Which XML library for what purposes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"A search for \"python\" and \"xml\" returns a variety of libraries for combining the two.\nThis list probably faulty:\n\nxml.dom\nxml.etree\nxml.sax\nxml.parsers.expat\nPyXML\nbeautifulsoup?\nHTMLParser\nhtmllib\nsgmllib\n\nBe nice if someone can offer a quick summary of when to use which, and why.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":803,"Q_Id":2430423,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For many problems you can get by with the xml.  It has the major advantage of being part of the standard library.  This means that it is pre-installed on almost every system and that the interface will be static.  It is not the best, or the fastest, but it is there.\nFor everything else there is lxml.  Specically, lxml is best for parsing broken HTML, xHTML, or suspect feeds.  It uses libxml2 and libxslt to handle XPath, XSLT, and EXSLT.  The tutorial is clear and the interface is simplistically straight-forward.   The rest of the libraries mentioned exist because lxml was not available in its current form.\nThis is my opinion.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":2430695,"CreationDate":"2010-03-12T04:02:00.000","Title":"Which XML library for what purposes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have server on Python and client + web service on Ruby. That works only if file from URL is less than 800 k. It seems like \"socket.puts data\" in a client works, but \"output = socket.gets\" - not. I think problem is in a Python part. For big files tests run \"Connection reset by peer\". Is it buffer size variable by default somewhere in a Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":183,"Q_Id":2435294,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Could you add a little more information and code to your example?\nAre you thinking about sock.recv_into() which takes a buffer and buffer size as arguments?  Alternately, are you hitting a timeout issue by failing to have a keepalive on the Ruby side?\nGuessing in advance of knowledge.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ruby,client,size","A_Id":2435731,"CreationDate":"2010-03-12T19:34:00.000","Title":"File size in Python server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm have an action \/json that returns json from the server.\nUnfortunately in IE, the browser likes to cache this json.\nHow can I make it so that this action doesn't cache?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1603,"Q_Id":2439987,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The jQuery library has pretty nice ajax functions, and settings to control them. One of them is is called \"cache\" and it will automatically append a random number to the query that essentially forces the browser to not cache the page. This can be set along with the parameter \"dataType\", which can be set to \"json\" to make the ajax request get json data. I've been using this in my code and haven't had a problem with IE.\nHope this helps","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,internet-explorer,caching,pylons","A_Id":3907139,"CreationDate":"2010-03-13T20:54:00.000","Title":"Disable browser caching in pylons","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using urllib2 to interact with a website that sends back multiple Set-Cookie headers. However the response header dictionary only contains one - seems the duplicate keys are overriding each other.\nIs there a way to access duplicate headers with urllib2?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3778,"Q_Id":2454494,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"set-cookie is different though. From RFC 6265:\n\nOrigin servers SHOULD NOT fold multiple Set-Cookie header fields into\n     a single header field.  The usual mechanism for folding HTTP headers\n     fields (i.e., as defined in [RFC2616]) might change the semantics of\n     the Set-Cookie header field because the %x2C (\",\") character is used\n     by Set-Cookie in a way that conflicts with such folding.\n\nIn theory then, this looks like a bug.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,header,urllib2,setcookie","A_Id":39896162,"CreationDate":"2010-03-16T13:06:00.000","Title":"urllib2 multiple Set-Cookie headers in response","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How would I download files (video) with Python using wget and save them locally? There will be a bunch of files, so how do I know that one file is downloaded so as to automatically start downloding another one?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":-1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":92663,"Q_Id":2467609,"Users Score":-6,"Answer":"No reason to use python. Avoid writing a shell script in Python and go with something like bash or an equivalent.","Q_Score":32,"Tags":"python,linux","A_Id":2467717,"CreationDate":"2010-03-18T04:55:00.000","Title":"Using wget via Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How would I download files (video) with Python using wget and save them locally? There will be a bunch of files, so how do I know that one file is downloaded so as to automatically start downloding another one?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":92663,"Q_Id":2467609,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"No reason to use os.system.  Avoid writing a shell script in Python and go with something like urllib.urlretrieve or an equivalent.\nEdit... to answer the second part of your question, you can set up a thread pool using the standard library Queue class.  Since you're doing a lot of downloading, the GIL shouldn't be a problem.  Generate a list of the URLs you wish to download and feed them to your work queue. It will handle pushing requests to worker threads. \nI'm waiting for a database update to complete, so I put this together real quick.\n\n\n#!\/usr\/bin\/python\n\nimport sys\nimport threading\nimport urllib\nfrom Queue import Queue\nimport logging\n\nclass Downloader(threading.Thread):\n    def __init__(self, queue):\n        super(Downloader, self).__init__()\n        self.queue = queue\n\n    def run(self):\n        while True:\n            download_url, save_as = queue.get()\n            # sentinal\n            if not download_url:\n                return\n            try:\n                urllib.urlretrieve(download_url, filename=save_as)\n            except Exception, e:\n                logging.warn(\"error downloading %s: %s\" % (download_url, e))\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    queue = Queue()\n    threads = []\n    for i in xrange(5):\n        threads.append(Downloader(queue))\n        threads[-1].start()\n\n    for line in sys.stdin:\n        url = line.strip()\n        filename = url.split('\/')[-1]\n        print \"Download %s as %s\" % (url, filename)\n        queue.put((url, filename))\n\n    # if we get here, stdin has gotten the ^D\n    print \"Finishing current downloads\"\n    for i in xrange(5):\n        queue.put((None, None))","Q_Score":32,"Tags":"python,linux","A_Id":2467646,"CreationDate":"2010-03-18T04:55:00.000","Title":"Using wget via Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python server that listens on a couple sockets. At startup, I try to connect to these sockets before listening, so I can be sure that nothing else is already using that port. This adds about three seconds to my server's startup (which is about .54 seconds without the test) and I'd like to trim it down. Since I'm only testing localhost, I think a timeout of about 50 milliseconds is more than ample for that. Unfortunately, the socket.setdefaulttimeout(50) method doesn't seem to work for some reason.\nHow I can trim this down?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.057080742,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46722,"Q_Id":2470971,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Are you on Linux?  If so, perhaps your application could run netstat -lant (or netstat -lanu if you're using UDP) and see what ports are in use.  This should be faster...","Q_Score":29,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":2471078,"CreationDate":"2010-03-18T15:21:00.000","Title":"Fast way to test if a port is in use using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python server that listens on a couple sockets. At startup, I try to connect to these sockets before listening, so I can be sure that nothing else is already using that port. This adds about three seconds to my server's startup (which is about .54 seconds without the test) and I'd like to trim it down. Since I'm only testing localhost, I think a timeout of about 50 milliseconds is more than ample for that. Unfortunately, the socket.setdefaulttimeout(50) method doesn't seem to work for some reason.\nHow I can trim this down?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.057080742,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46722,"Q_Id":2470971,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Simon B's answer is the way to go - don't check anything, just try to bind and handle the error case if it's already in use.\nOtherwise you're in a race condition where some other app can grab the port in between your check that it's free and your subsequent attempt to bind to it. That means you still have to handle the possibility that your call to bind will fail, so checking in advance achieved nothing.","Q_Score":29,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":2471762,"CreationDate":"2010-03-18T15:21:00.000","Title":"Fast way to test if a port is in use using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python server that listens on a couple sockets. At startup, I try to connect to these sockets before listening, so I can be sure that nothing else is already using that port. This adds about three seconds to my server's startup (which is about .54 seconds without the test) and I'd like to trim it down. Since I'm only testing localhost, I think a timeout of about 50 milliseconds is more than ample for that. Unfortunately, the socket.setdefaulttimeout(50) method doesn't seem to work for some reason.\nHow I can trim this down?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":46722,"Q_Id":2470971,"Users Score":14,"Answer":"How about just trying to bind to the port you want, and handle the error case if the port is occupied?\n(If the issue is that you might start the same service twice then don't look at open ports.)\nThis is the reasonable way also to avoid causing a race-condition, as @eemz said in another answer.","Q_Score":29,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":2471039,"CreationDate":"2010-03-18T15:21:00.000","Title":"Fast way to test if a port is in use using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im trying to write some kind of multi protocol bot (jabber\/irc) that would read messages from fifo file (one liners mostly) and then send them to irc channel and jabber contacts. So far, I managed to create two factories to connect to jabber and irc, and they seem to be working. \nHowever, I've problem with reading the fifo file - I have no idea how to read it in a loop (open file, read line, close file, jump to open file and so on) outside of reactor loop to get the data I need to send, and then get that data to reactor loop for sending in both protocols. I've been looking for information on how to do it in best way, but Im totally lost in the dark. Any suggestion\/help would be highly appreciated.\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1766,"Q_Id":2476234,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The fifo is the problem. Read from a socket instead. This will fit info the Twisted event-driven model much better. Trying to do things outside the control of the reactor is usually the wrong approach.\n---- update based on feedback that the fifo is an external constraint, not avoidable ----\nOK, the central issue is that you can not write code in the main (and only) thread of your Twisted app that makes blocking read calls to a fifo. That will cause the whole app to stall if there is nothing to read. So you're either looking at reading the fifo asynchronously, creating a separate thread to read it, or splitting the app in two.\nThe last option is the simplest - modify the Twisted app so that it listens on a socket and write a separate little \"forwarder\" app that runs in a simple loop, reading the fifo and writing everything it hears to the socket.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,twisted,xmpp,irc,fifo","A_Id":2476445,"CreationDate":"2010-03-19T09:45:00.000","Title":"Python (Twisted) - reading from fifo and sending read data to multiple protocols","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im trying to write some kind of multi protocol bot (jabber\/irc) that would read messages from fifo file (one liners mostly) and then send them to irc channel and jabber contacts. So far, I managed to create two factories to connect to jabber and irc, and they seem to be working. \nHowever, I've problem with reading the fifo file - I have no idea how to read it in a loop (open file, read line, close file, jump to open file and so on) outside of reactor loop to get the data I need to send, and then get that data to reactor loop for sending in both protocols. I've been looking for information on how to do it in best way, but Im totally lost in the dark. Any suggestion\/help would be highly appreciated.\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1766,"Q_Id":2476234,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can read\/write on a file descriptor without blocking the reactor as you do with sockets, by the way doesn't sockets use file descriptors?\nIn your case create a class that implements twisted.internet.interfaces.IReadDescriptor and add to reactor using twisted.internet.interfaces.IReactorFDSet.addReader. For an example of IReadDescriptor implementation look at twisted.internet.tcp.Connection.\nI cannot be more specific because i never did by my self, but i hope this could be a start point.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,twisted,xmpp,irc,fifo","A_Id":2478970,"CreationDate":"2010-03-19T09:45:00.000","Title":"Python (Twisted) - reading from fifo and sending read data to multiple protocols","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have installed boto like so: python setup.py install; and then when I launch my python script (that imports moduls from boto) on shell, an error like this shows up: ImportError: No module named boto.s3.connection\nHow to settle the matter?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3095,"Q_Id":2481417,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"I fixed same problem at Ubuntu using apt-get install python-boto","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,boto","A_Id":6861411,"CreationDate":"2010-03-20T00:50:00.000","Title":"Problem importing modul2s from boto","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have installed boto like so: python setup.py install; and then when I launch my python script (that imports moduls from boto) on shell, an error like this shows up: ImportError: No module named boto.s3.connection\nHow to settle the matter?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3095,"Q_Id":2481417,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This can happen if the Python script does not use your default python executable. Check the shebang on the first line of the script (on *nix) or the .py file association (on Windows) and run that against setup.py instead.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,boto","A_Id":2481420,"CreationDate":"2010-03-20T00:50:00.000","Title":"Problem importing modul2s from boto","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need a recommendation for a pythonic library that can marshall python objects to XML(let it be a file).\nI need to be able read that XML later on with Java (JAXB) and unmarshall it.\nI know JAXB has some issues that makes it not play nice with .NET XML libraries so a recommendation on something that actually works would be great.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":475,"Q_Id":2492490,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As Ignacio says, XML is XML.  On the python side, I recommend using lxml, unless you have more specific needs that are better met by another library.  If you are restricted to the standard library, look at ElementTree or cElementTree, which are also excellent, and which inspired (and are functionally mostly equivalent to) lxml.etree.\nEdit: On closer look, it seems you are not just looking for XML, but for XML representations of objects.  For this, check out lxml.objectify, or Amara.  I haven't tried using them for interoperability with Java, but they're worth a try.  If you're just looking for a way to do data exchange, you might also try custom JSON objects.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,python,xml,marshalling,interop","A_Id":2492599,"CreationDate":"2010-03-22T13:23:00.000","Title":"Python XML + Java XML interoperability","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"HI,\nI have a device that exposes a telnet interface which you can log into using a username and password and then manipulate the working of the device.\nI have to write a C program that hides the telnet aspect from the client and instead provides an interface for the user to control the device.\nWhat would be a good way to proceed. I tried writing a simple socket program but it stops at the login prompt. My guess is that i am not following the TCP protocol.\nHas anyone attempted this, is there an opensource library out there to do this?\nThanks\nAddition:\nEventually i wish to expose it through a web api\/webservice. The platform is linux.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":18409,"Q_Id":2519598,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"While telnet is almost just a socket tied to a terminal it's not quite.  I believe that there can be some control characters that get passed shortly after the connection is made.  If your device is sending some unexpected control data then it may be confusing your program.\nIf you haven't already, go download wireshark (or tshark or tcpdump) and monitor your connection.  Wireshark (formerly ethereal) is cross platform and pretty easy to use for simple stuff.  Filter with tcp.port == 23","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,c,telnet","A_Id":2525924,"CreationDate":"2010-03-25T21:37:00.000","Title":"Writing a telnet client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"HI,\nI have a device that exposes a telnet interface which you can log into using a username and password and then manipulate the working of the device.\nI have to write a C program that hides the telnet aspect from the client and instead provides an interface for the user to control the device.\nWhat would be a good way to proceed. I tried writing a simple socket program but it stops at the login prompt. My guess is that i am not following the TCP protocol.\nHas anyone attempted this, is there an opensource library out there to do this?\nThanks\nAddition:\nEventually i wish to expose it through a web api\/webservice. The platform is linux.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0886555158,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":18409,"Q_Id":2519598,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"telnet's protocol is pretty straightforward... you just create a TCP connection, and send and receive ASCII data.  That's pretty much it.\nSo all you really need to do is create a program that connects via TCP, then reads characters from the TCP socket and parses it to update the GUI, and\/or writes characters to the socket in response to the user manipulating controls in the GUI.\nHow you would implement that depends a lot on what software you are using to construct your interface.  On the TCP side, a simple event loop around select() would be sufficient.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,c,telnet","A_Id":2519786,"CreationDate":"2010-03-25T21:37:00.000","Title":"Writing a telnet client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"HI,\nI have a device that exposes a telnet interface which you can log into using a username and password and then manipulate the working of the device.\nI have to write a C program that hides the telnet aspect from the client and instead provides an interface for the user to control the device.\nWhat would be a good way to proceed. I tried writing a simple socket program but it stops at the login prompt. My guess is that i am not following the TCP protocol.\nHas anyone attempted this, is there an opensource library out there to do this?\nThanks\nAddition:\nEventually i wish to expose it through a web api\/webservice. The platform is linux.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":18409,"Q_Id":2519598,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Unless the application is trivial, a better starting point would be to figure out how you're going to create the GUI. This is a bigger question and will have more impact on your project than how exactly you telnet into the device. You mention C at first, but then start talking about Python, which makes me believe you are relatively flexible in the matter.\nOnce you are set on a language\/platform, then look for a telnet library -- you should find something reasonable already implemented.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,c,telnet","A_Id":2521858,"CreationDate":"2010-03-25T21:37:00.000","Title":"Writing a telnet client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This whole topic is way out of my depth, so forgive my imprecise question, but I have two computers both connected to one LAN.\nWhat I want is to be able to communicate one string between the two, by running a python script on the first (the host) where the string will originate, and a second on the client computer to retrieve the string.\nWhat is the most efficient way for an inexperienced programmer like me to achieve this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":996,"Q_Id":2534527,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"File share and polling filesystem every minute. No joke. Of course, it depends on what are requirements for your applications and what lag is acceptable but in practice using file shares is quite common.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python","A_Id":2534778,"CreationDate":"2010-03-28T20:55:00.000","Title":"Python inter-computer communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This whole topic is way out of my depth, so forgive my imprecise question, but I have two computers both connected to one LAN.\nWhat I want is to be able to communicate one string between the two, by running a python script on the first (the host) where the string will originate, and a second on the client computer to retrieve the string.\nWhat is the most efficient way for an inexperienced programmer like me to achieve this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":996,"Q_Id":2534527,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"First, lets get the nomenclature straight. Usually the part that initiate the communication is the client, the parts that is waiting for a connection is a server, which then will receive the data from the client and generate a response. From your question, the \"host\" is the client and the \"client\" seems to be the server.\nThen you have to decide how to transfer the data. You can use straight sockets, in which case you can use SocketServer, or you can rely on an existing protocol, like HTTP or XML-RPC, in which case you will find ready to use library packages with plenty of examples (e.g. xmlrpclib and SimpleXMLRPCServer)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python","A_Id":2534582,"CreationDate":"2010-03-28T20:55:00.000","Title":"Python inter-computer communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How would I check if the remote host is up without having a port number? Is there any other way I could check other then using regular ping.\nThere is a possibility that the remote host might drop ping packets","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46690,"Q_Id":2535055,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Many firewalls are configured to drop ping packets without responding. In addition, some network adapters will respond to ICMP ping requests without input from the operating system network stack, which means the operating system might be down, but the host still responds to pings (usually you'll notice if you reboot the server, say, it'll start responding to pings some time before the OS actually comes up and other services start up).\nThe only way to be certain that a host is up is to actually try to connect to it via some well-known port (e.g. web server port 80).\nWhy do you need to know if the host is \"up\", maybe there's a better way to do it.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,network-programming,network-protocols","A_Id":2535076,"CreationDate":"2010-03-28T23:40:00.000","Title":"Check if remote host is up in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How would I check if the remote host is up without having a port number? Is there any other way I could check other then using regular ping.\nThere is a possibility that the remote host might drop ping packets","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.057080742,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46690,"Q_Id":2535055,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"A protocol-level PING is best, i.e., connecting to the server and interacting with it in a way that doesn't do real work. That's because it is the only real way to be sure that the service is up. An ICMP ECHO (a.k.a. ping) would only tell you that the other end's network interface is up, and even then might be blocked; FWIW, I have seen machines where all user processes were bricked but which could still be pinged. In these days of application servers, even getting a network connection might not be enough; what if the hosted app is down or otherwise non-functional? As I said, talking sweet-nothings to the actual service that you are interested in is the best, surest approach.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,network-programming,network-protocols","A_Id":2535139,"CreationDate":"2010-03-28T23:40:00.000","Title":"Check if remote host is up in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How would I check if the remote host is up without having a port number? Is there any other way I could check other then using regular ping.\nThere is a possibility that the remote host might drop ping packets","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46690,"Q_Id":2535055,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What about trying something that requires a RPC like a 'tasklist' command in conjunction with a ping?","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,network-programming,network-protocols","A_Id":17115260,"CreationDate":"2010-03-28T23:40:00.000","Title":"Check if remote host is up in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to Write\/Read a file to\/from a network folder\/share using python? The application will run under Linux and network folder\/share can be a Linux\/Windows System.\nAlso, how to check that network folder\/share has enough space before writing a file?\nWhat things should i consider?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1813,"Q_Id":2542025,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Mount the shares using Samba, check the free space on the share using df or os.statvfs and read\/write to it like any other folder.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-shares","A_Id":2542026,"CreationDate":"2010-03-29T19:33:00.000","Title":"Read\/Write a file from\/to network folder\/share using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using minidom to parse an xml file and it threw an error indicating that the data is not well formed. I figured out that some of the pages have characters like \u00e0\u00b9\u201e\u00e0\u00b8\u00ad\u00e0\u00b9\u20ac\u00e0\u00b8\u0178\u00e0\u00b8\u00a5 &, causing the parser to hiccup. Is there an easy way to clean the file before I start parsing it? Right now I'm using a regular expressing to throw away anything that isn't an alpha numeric character and the <\/> characters, but it isn't quite working.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5927,"Q_Id":2545783,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It looks like you're dealing with data which are saved with some kind of encoding \"as if\" they were ASCII.  XML file should normally be UTF8, and SAX (the underlying parser used by minidom) should handle that, so it looks like something's wrong in that part of the processing chain. Instead of focusing on \"cleaning up\" I'd first try to make sure the encoding is correct and correctly recognized.  Maybe a broken XML directive? Can you edit your Q to show the first few lines of the file, especially the <?xml ... directive at the very start?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":2546454,"CreationDate":"2010-03-30T14:02:00.000","Title":"Cleaning an XML file in Python before parsing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to submit a few forms through a Python script, I'm using the mechanized library.\nThis is so I can implement a temporary API.\nThe problem is that before after submission a blank page is returned informing that the request is being processed, after a few seconds the page is redirected to the final page.\n\nI understand if it might sound a bit generic, but I'm not sure what is going on. :)\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":553,"Q_Id":2569089,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If it uses meta tags then you need to parse the HTML manually. Otherwise mechanize will handle the redirect automatically.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,http,forms,screen-scraping","A_Id":2574423,"CreationDate":"2010-04-02T20:42:00.000","Title":"How to handle redirects while parsing HTML? - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to upload multiple files from directory to the server via FTP and SFTP.\nI've solved this task for SFTP with python, paramiko and threading. But I have problem with doing it for FTP. I tried to use ftplib for python, but it seems that it doesn't support threading and I upload all files one by one, which is very slow. \nI'm wondering is it even possible to do multithreading uploads with FTP protocol without creating separate connections\/authorizations (it takes too long)?\nSolution can be on Python or PHP. Maybe CURL? Would be grateful for any ideas.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4789,"Q_Id":2570621,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can run the script in multiple command prompts \/ shells (just make sure each file is only handled once by all the different scripts). I am not sure if this quick and dirty trick will improve transfer speed though..","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,ftp,curl,multithreading","A_Id":6735686,"CreationDate":"2010-04-03T08:07:00.000","Title":"Multithreaded FTP upload. Is it possible?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm building a download manager in python for fun, and sometimes the connection to the server is still on but the server doesn't send me data, so read method (of HTTPResponse) block me forever. This happens, for example, when I download from a server, which located outside of my country, that limit the bandwidth to other countries.\nHow can I set a timeout for the read method (2 minutes for example)?\nThanks, Nir.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3858,"Q_Id":2573044,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Setting the default timeout might abort a download early if it's large, as opposed to only aborting if it stops receiving data for the timeout value. HTTPlib2 is probably the way to go.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,timeout,httpresponse","A_Id":3602969,"CreationDate":"2010-04-03T23:32:00.000","Title":"set timeout to http response read method in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I really like how I can easily share files on a network using the SimpleHTTPServer, but I wish there was an option like \"download entire directory\". Is there an easy (one liner) way to implement this?\nThanks","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":11099,"Q_Id":2573670,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"There is no one liner which would do it, also what do you mean by \"download whole dir\" as tar or zip?\nAnyway you can follow these steps\n\nDerive a class from SimpleHTTPRequestHandler or may be just copy its code \nChange list_directory method to return a link to \"download whole folder\"\nChange copyfile method so that for your links you zip whole dir and return it\nYou may cache zip so that you do not zip folder every time, instead see if any file is modified or not\n\nWould be a fun exercise to do :)","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,simplehttpserver","A_Id":2573685,"CreationDate":"2010-04-04T05:30:00.000","Title":"Download whole directories in Python SimpleHTTPServer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently installed twython, a really sleek and awesome twitter API wrapper for Python. I installed it and it works fine from the interpreter, but when I try to import it via Eclipse, it says that twython is an invalid import.\nHow do I \"tell\" eclipse where twython is so that it will let me import and use it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":941,"Q_Id":2590435,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Daniel is right. As long as twython went into site-packages then Pydev will find it.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,eclipse,pydev,twython","A_Id":2594323,"CreationDate":"2010-04-07T06:29:00.000","Title":"Eclipse + PyDev: Eclipse telling me that this is an invalid import?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently installed twython, a really sleek and awesome twitter API wrapper for Python. I installed it and it works fine from the interpreter, but when I try to import it via Eclipse, it says that twython is an invalid import.\nHow do I \"tell\" eclipse where twython is so that it will let me import and use it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":941,"Q_Id":2590435,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I believe I have had this problem before - try going into the menu: Window_Preferences and then select Pydev and Interpreter-Python. Then try to click Auto-config - it should update its search paths to include everything installed in Python. If that doesn't work, you should at least be able to manually add the folder by clicking \"New Folder\" in the bottom part of that screen and navigating to the location where you have twython installed.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,eclipse,pydev,twython","A_Id":2590469,"CreationDate":"2010-04-07T06:29:00.000","Title":"Eclipse + PyDev: Eclipse telling me that this is an invalid import?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to write some Python code that will establish an invisible relay between two TCP sockets. My current technique is to set up two threads, each one reading and subsequently writing 1kb of data at a time in a particular direction (i.e. 1 thread for A to B, 1 thread for B to A).\nThis works for some applications and protocols, but it isn't foolproof - sometimes particular applications will behave differently when running through this Python-based relay. Some even crash.\nI think that this is because when I finish performing a read on socket A, the program running there considers its data to have already arrived at B, when in fact I - the devious man in the middle - have yet to send it to B. In a situation where B isn't ready to receive the data (whereby send() blocks for a while), we are now in a state where A believes it has successfully sent data to B, yet I am still holding the data, waiting for the send() call to execute. I think this is the cause of the difference in behaviour that I've found in some applications, while using my current relaying code. Have I missed something, or does that sound correct?\nIf so, my real question is: is there a way around this problem? Is it possible to only read from socket A when we know that B is ready to receive data? Or is there another technique that I can use to establish a truly 'invisible' two-way relay between [already open & established] TCP sockets?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3528,"Q_Id":2604740,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Perhaps the application you're proxying is poorly written.\nFor instance, if I call recv(fd, buf, 4096, 0); I'm not promised 4096 bytes.  The system makes a best-effort to provide it.\nIf 1k isn't a multiple of your application's recv or send sizes, and the application is broken, then grouping the data sent into 1k blocks will break the app.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,portforwarding","A_Id":2609442,"CreationDate":"2010-04-09T02:24:00.000","Title":"How to correctly relay TCP traffic between sockets?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to write some Python code that will establish an invisible relay between two TCP sockets. My current technique is to set up two threads, each one reading and subsequently writing 1kb of data at a time in a particular direction (i.e. 1 thread for A to B, 1 thread for B to A).\nThis works for some applications and protocols, but it isn't foolproof - sometimes particular applications will behave differently when running through this Python-based relay. Some even crash.\nI think that this is because when I finish performing a read on socket A, the program running there considers its data to have already arrived at B, when in fact I - the devious man in the middle - have yet to send it to B. In a situation where B isn't ready to receive the data (whereby send() blocks for a while), we are now in a state where A believes it has successfully sent data to B, yet I am still holding the data, waiting for the send() call to execute. I think this is the cause of the difference in behaviour that I've found in some applications, while using my current relaying code. Have I missed something, or does that sound correct?\nIf so, my real question is: is there a way around this problem? Is it possible to only read from socket A when we know that B is ready to receive data? Or is there another technique that I can use to establish a truly 'invisible' two-way relay between [already open & established] TCP sockets?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3528,"Q_Id":2604740,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think that's likely to be your problem. \nIn general, the sending application can't tell when the receiving application actually calls recv() to read the data: the sender's send() may have completed, but the TCP implementations in the source & destination OS will be doing buffering, flow control, retransmission, etc. \nEven without your relay in the middle, the only way for A to \"consider its data to have already arrived at B\" is to receive a response from B saying \"yep, I got it\".","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,portforwarding","A_Id":2604794,"CreationDate":"2010-04-09T02:24:00.000","Title":"How to correctly relay TCP traffic between sockets?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to run a command to install bespinclient on my Windows laptop but every time I execute the command python bootstrap.py --no-site-packages, I get an error saying:\n\nImportError: No module named\n  simplejson\n\nI'm using Mozilla build tools to run these Linux commands.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111229,"Q_Id":2604841,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"On Ubuntu\/Debian, you can install it with apt-get install python-simplejson","Q_Score":45,"Tags":"python,unix","A_Id":5645465,"CreationDate":"2010-04-09T02:53:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No Module named simplejson","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using networkx to work with graphs. I have pretty large graph (it's near 200 nodes in it) and I try to find all possible paths between two nodes. But, as I understand, networkx can find only shortest path. How can I get not just shortest path, but all possible paths?\nUPD: path can contain each node only once.\nUPD2: I need something like find_all_paths() function, described here: python.org\/doc\/essays\/graphs.html  But this function doesn't work well with large number of nodes and edged =(","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14244,"Q_Id":2606018,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Dijkstra's algorithm will find the shortest path in a manner similar to a breadth first search (it substitutes a priority queue weighted by depth into the graph for the naive queue of a BFS).  You could fairly trivially extend it to produce the 'N' shortest paths if you need some number of alternatives, although if you need the paths to be substantially different (e.g. scheduling the routes of security vans) you might need to be more clever about selecting paths that are significantly different from each other.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,networkx,igraph","A_Id":2606124,"CreationDate":"2010-04-09T08:39:00.000","Title":"Path between two nodes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create an application that runs on the users computer, a stand-alone application, with installation and what-not, but I want the interface to be a browser, either internal and displayed as an OS window or external accessible using the browser (i.e. some http server).\nThe reason would be because I know a little about Python, but I think I can manage as long as I have some basic roots that I can use and manipulate, and those would be HTML, CSS, and Javascript.\nI've yet to find a good GUI tool which I can use, and always abandon the idea after trying to mess around and eventually not getting anything.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25678,"Q_Id":2611910,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There are plenty of excellent GUI tools for the way you want to do your GUI -- HTML, CSS, and Javascript.  If you don't know of any, ask in a separate question with the right tags.\nThe Python side in such an arrangement should have no GUI of its own, but just run a subclass of the Python's standard library's HTTP server, just serving the HTML, CSS, and JS files, and data via JSON on other URLs that the JS can reach with Ajax techniques, essentially implementing storage and business logi -- so it's far from obvious what \"GUI tool\" you could possibly want for it?!\nJust develop the Python side on its own (e.g. with IDLE, Wingware, SPE, or whatever you like) and the HTML \/ CSS \/ Javascript separately, with its own \"GUI tool\".  All that Python will do with those files is statically serve them, after all.\nYou could be thinking of using some Python side templating, such as Mojo &c, but my recommendation is to avoid that: rather, go with the \"thin server architecture\" all the way, make the Python side a RESTful server of business logic and storage layers, and do all the GUI work in the browser instead.","Q_Score":27,"Tags":"python,browser,desktop,httpserver","A_Id":2611928,"CreationDate":"2010-04-10T01:45:00.000","Title":"Python Desktop Application with the Browser as an interface?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How would I convert test cases made by Selenium IDE to Python without exporting every test case by hand? Is there any command line converter for that job?\nIn the end I want to use Selenium RC and Pythons build in unittest to test my websites.\nThanks a lot.\nUpdate:\nI started to write a converter but its too much work to implement all the commands. Is there any better way?\n\nfrom xml.dom.minidom import parse\n\nclass SeleneseParser:\n    def __init__(self,selFile):\n        self.dom = parse(selFile)\n\n    def getTestName(self):\n        return self.dom.getElementsByTagName('title')[0].firstChild.data\n\n    def getBaseUrl(self):\n        return self.dom.getElementsByTagName('link')[0].getAttribute('href')\n\n    def getNodes(self):\n        cmds = []\n        nodes = self.dom.getElementsByTagName('tbody')[0].childNodes\n\n        for node in nodes:\n            if node.nodeType == node.TEXT_NODE and \"\\n\" in node.data:\n                continue\n            if node.nodeType == node.COMMENT_NODE:\n                cmds.append(node.data)\n            if node.nodeType == node.ELEMENT_NODE:\n                cmd = []\n                for c in node.childNodes:\n                    if c.nodeType == node.ELEMENT_NODE:\n                        if len(c.childNodes) == 1:\n                            cmd.append(c.childNodes[0].data)\n                        else:\n                            cmd.append(\"\")\n                cmds.append(cmd)\n        return cmds\n\nclass PythonConverter:\n    def __init__(self,sourceFile):\n        self.parser = SeleneseParser(sourceFile)        \n        self.dest = u'# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\\n\\nfrom selenium import selenium\\nimport unittest, time, re\\n'\n\n    def getHeader(self):\n        self.dest += u'\\nclass %s(unittest.TestCase):\\n' % self.parser.getTestName()\n        self.dest += u'\\tdef setUp(self):\\n\\t\\tself.verificationErrors = []\\n'\n        self.dest += u'\\t\\tself.selenium = selenium(\"localhost\", 4444, \"*chrome\", \"%s\")\\n' % self.parser.getBaseUrl()\n        self.dest += u'\\t\\tself.selenium.start()\\n'\n\n    def getContent(self):\n        self.dest += u'\\n\\tdef test_%s(self):\\n\\t\\tsel = self.selenium\\n' % self.parser.getTestName()\n\n        nodes = self.parser.getNodes()\n        for node in nodes:\n            if type(node) is list:\n                cmd,target,value = node[0],node[1],node[2]\n\n                if cmd == 'store':\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\t%s = \"%s\"\\n' % (value,target)\n                elif cmd == 'clickAndWait':\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\tsel.click(u\"%s\")\\n\\t\\tsel.wait_for_page_to_load(\"30000\")\\n' % (target)   \n                elif cmd == 'type':\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\tsel.%s(u\"%s\", u\"%s\")\\n' % (cmd,target,value)\n                elif cmd == 'select':\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\tsel.select(u\"%s\", u\"%s\")\\n' % (target,value)\n                elif cmd == 'verifyTextPresent':\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\ttry: self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(u\"%s\"))\\n\\t\\texcept AssertionError, e: self.verificationErrors.append(str(e))\\n' % target\n                elif cmd == 'verifySelectedLabel':\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\ttry: self.assertEqual(u\"%s\", sel.get_selected_label(u\"%s\"))\\n\\t\\texcept AssertionError, e: self.verificationErrors.append(str(e))\\n' % (value,target)\n                elif cmd == 'verifyValue':\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\ttry: self.assertEqual(u\"%s\", sel.get_value(u\"%s\"))\\n\\t\\texcept AssertionError, e: self.verificationErrors.append(str(e))\\n' % (value,target)\n                elif cmd == 'verifyText':\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\ttry: self.assertEqual(u\"%s\", sel.get_text(u\"%s\"))\\n\\t\\texcept AssertionError, e: self.verificationErrors.append(str(e))\\n' % (value,target)\n                elif cmd == 'verifyElementPresent':\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\ttry: self.failUnless(sel.is_element_present(u\"%s\"))\\n\\t\\texcept AssertionError, e: self.verificationErrors.append(str(e))\\n' % (target)\n                else:\n                    self.dest += u'\\t\\tsel.%s(u\"%s\")\\n' % (cmd,target)\n\n                #print cmd,target,value\n            else:\n                self.dest += u'\\t\\t#%s\\n' % node\n\n    def getFooter(self):\n        self.dest += u'\\n\\tdef tearDown(self):\\n\\t\\tself.selenium.stop()\\n\\t\\tself.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)\\n'\n        self.dest += u'\\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\\n\\tunittest.main()'\n\n    def convert(self):\n        self.getHeader()\n        self.getContent()\n        self.getFooter()\n        return self.dest\n\np = PythonConverter('test_case.html')\nprint p.convert()","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2514,"Q_Id":2617684,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No there isn't a way but in theory it shouldn't be too difficult to do as all you need to do is have something that uses the python-rc.js to convert the file.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-rc,selenium-ide","A_Id":2620931,"CreationDate":"2010-04-11T16:16:00.000","Title":"How to convert Selenese (html) to Python programmatically?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I protect my web server, if I run custom users code on server. If any user can submit his python source on my server and run it.\nMaybe some modules or linux tools for close any network and hardware activity for this script.\nThank's all for help!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":620,"Q_Id":2618862,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In general, python is not the best language choice if you want to allow the execution of untrusted code.  The JVM and .NET have much better support for sandboxing, so Jython and IronPython would be better choices.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,system","A_Id":2619276,"CreationDate":"2010-04-11T21:59:00.000","Title":"Safest python code running","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a 3rd-party protocol module (SNMP) that is built on top of asyncore. The asyncore interface is used to process response messages. What is the proper technique to design a client that generate the request-side of the protocol, while the asyncore main loop is running. I can think of two options right now:\n\nUse the loop,timeout parameters of asyncore.loop() to allow my client program time to send the appropriate request.\nCreate a client asyncore dispatcher that will be executed in the same asyncore processing loop as the receiver.\n\nWhat is the best option? I'm working on the 2nd solution, cause the protocol API does not give me direct access to the asyncore parameters. Please correct me if I've misunderstood the proper technique for utilizing asyncore.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":625,"Q_Id":2626512,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I solved this by adding a callback function into the asyncore loop for the receiver process.\nThe solution was somewhat specific to the module I was experiment with (pySNMP), but here is the general idea:\n\ndefine a function closure that returns a callable method with a stored reference to a dict and window variable. The dict tracks the expected responses, and the window is the size of the sender buffer.\npass a reference to the closure function into a customized asyncore.dispatcher instance. The callback function can be executed in the writeable method invocation.\nset the timeout of the dispatcher to a small value. This prevents asyncore from blocking for too long, while waiting for received packets. I used .05 seconds. The lower you go, the more response your app is, but don't go too low.\nupdate the asyncore read_handle method to remove the received responses from your global dict structure. This will allow new messages to be transmitted.\nnow kick-off the dispatcher and every loop of the asyncore, the system will call the callback function, and send any messages, up to the defined window size.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,client-server,asyncore,pysnmp","A_Id":2734657,"CreationDate":"2010-04-13T01:55:00.000","Title":"Building an SNMP Request-Response service with Python Asyncore","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does anyone know any more details about google's web-crawler (aka GoogleBot)?  I was curious about what it was written in (I've made a few crawlers myself and am about to make another) and if it parses images and such.  I'm assuming it does somewhere along the line, b\/c the images in images.google.com are all resized.  It also wouldn't surprise me if it was all written in Python and if they used all their own libraries for most everything, including html\/image\/pdf parsing.  Maybe they don't though.  Maybe it's all written in C\/C++.  Thanks in advance-","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":400,"Q_Id":2633302,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The crawler is very likely written in C or C++, at least backrub's crawler was written in one of these.\nBe aware that the crawler only takes a snapshot of the page, then stores it in a temporary database for later processing. The indexing and other attached algorithms will extract the data, for example the image references.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c++,python,c","A_Id":2645336,"CreationDate":"2010-04-13T21:20:00.000","Title":"Google Bot information?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does anyone know any more details about google's web-crawler (aka GoogleBot)?  I was curious about what it was written in (I've made a few crawlers myself and am about to make another) and if it parses images and such.  I'm assuming it does somewhere along the line, b\/c the images in images.google.com are all resized.  It also wouldn't surprise me if it was all written in Python and if they used all their own libraries for most everything, including html\/image\/pdf parsing.  Maybe they don't though.  Maybe it's all written in C\/C++.  Thanks in advance-","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":400,"Q_Id":2633302,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Officially allowed languages at Google, I think, are Python\/C++\/Java.\nThe bot likely uses all 3 for different tasks.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c++,python,c","A_Id":2633356,"CreationDate":"2010-04-13T21:20:00.000","Title":"Google Bot information?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm playing around with sockets in C\/Python and I wonder what is the most efficient way to send headers from a Python dictionary to the client socket.\nMy ideas:\n\nuse a send call for every header. Pros: No memory allocation needed. Cons: many send calls -- probably error prone; error management should be rather complicated\nuse a buffer. Pros: one send call, error checking a lot easier. Cons: Need a buffer :-) malloc\/realloc should be rather slow and using a (too) big buffer to avoid realloc calls wastes memory.\n\nAny tips for me? Thanks :-)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":867,"Q_Id":2638490,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Unless you're sending a truly huge amount of data, you're probably better off using one buffer. If you use a geometric progression for growing your buffer size, the number of allocations becomes an amortized constant, and the time to allocate the buffer will generally follow.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,c,sockets,buffer,send","A_Id":2638568,"CreationDate":"2010-04-14T15:04:00.000","Title":"What is faster: multiple `send`s or using buffering?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm playing around with sockets in C\/Python and I wonder what is the most efficient way to send headers from a Python dictionary to the client socket.\nMy ideas:\n\nuse a send call for every header. Pros: No memory allocation needed. Cons: many send calls -- probably error prone; error management should be rather complicated\nuse a buffer. Pros: one send call, error checking a lot easier. Cons: Need a buffer :-) malloc\/realloc should be rather slow and using a (too) big buffer to avoid realloc calls wastes memory.\n\nAny tips for me? Thanks :-)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":867,"Q_Id":2638490,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A send() call implies a round-trip to the kernel (the part of the OS which deals with the hardware directly). It has a unit cost of about a few hundred clock cycles. This is harmless unless you are trying to call send() millions of times.\nUsually, buffering is about calling send() only once in a while, when \"enough data\" has been gathered. \"Enough\" does not mean \"the whole message\" but something like \"enough bytes so that the unit cost of the kernel round-trip is dwarfed\". As a rule of thumb, an 8-kB buffer (8192 bytes) is traditionally considered as good.\nAnyway, for all performance-related questions, nothing beats an actual measure. Try it. Most of the time, there not any actual performance problem worth worrying about.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,c,sockets,buffer,send","A_Id":2638599,"CreationDate":"2010-04-14T15:04:00.000","Title":"What is faster: multiple `send`s or using buffering?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm playing around with sockets in C\/Python and I wonder what is the most efficient way to send headers from a Python dictionary to the client socket.\nMy ideas:\n\nuse a send call for every header. Pros: No memory allocation needed. Cons: many send calls -- probably error prone; error management should be rather complicated\nuse a buffer. Pros: one send call, error checking a lot easier. Cons: Need a buffer :-) malloc\/realloc should be rather slow and using a (too) big buffer to avoid realloc calls wastes memory.\n\nAny tips for me? Thanks :-)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":867,"Q_Id":2638490,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Because of the way TCP congestion control works, it's more efficient to send data all at once.  TCP maintains a window of how much data it will allow to be \"in the air\" (sent but not yet acknowledged).  TCP measures the acknowledgments coming back to figure out how much data it can have \"in the air\" without causing congestion (i.e., packet loss).  If there isn't enough data coming from the application to fill the window, TCP can't make accurate measurements so it will conservatively shrink the window.\nIf you only have a few, small headers and your calls to send are in rapid succession, the operating system will typically buffer the data for you and send it all in one packet.  In that case, TCP congestion control isn't really an issue.  However, each call to send involves a context switch from user mode to kernel mode, which incurs CPU overhead.  In other words, you're still better off buffering in your application.\nThere is (at least) one case where you're better off without buffering: when your buffer is slower than the context switching overhead.  If you write a complicated buffer in Python, that might very well be the case.  A buffer written in CPython is going to be quite a bit slower than the finely optimized buffer in the kernel.  It's quite possible that buffering would cost you more than it buys you.\nWhen in doubt, measure.\nOne word of caution though: premature optimization is the root of all evil.  The difference in efficiency here is pretty small.  If you haven't already established that this is a bottleneck for your application, go with whatever makes your life easier.  You can always change it later.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,c,sockets,buffer,send","A_Id":2639059,"CreationDate":"2010-04-14T15:04:00.000","Title":"What is faster: multiple `send`s or using buffering?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am little stumped: I have a simple messenger client program (pure python, sockets), and I wanted to add proxy support (http\/s, socks), however I am a little confused on how to go about it. I am assuming that the connection on the socket level will be done to the proxy server, at which point the headers should contain a CONNECT + destination IP (of the chat server) and authentication, (if proxy requires so), however the rest is a little beyond me. How is the subsequent connection handled, specifically the reading\/writing, etc...\nAre there any guides on proxy support implementation for socket based (tcp) programming in Python?\nThank you","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2236,"Q_Id":2646983,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It is pretty simple - after you send the HTTP request: CONNECT example.com:1234 HTTP\/1.0\\r\\nHost: example.com:1234\\r\\n<additional headers incl. authentication>\\r\\n\\r\\n, the server responds with HTTP\/1.0 200 Connection established\\r\\n\\r\\n and then (after the double line ends) you can communicate just as you would communicate with example.com port 1234 without the proxy (as I understand you already have the client-server communication part done).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,proxy,tcp,sockets,socks","A_Id":2714593,"CreationDate":"2010-04-15T16:07:00.000","Title":"Python, implementing proxy support for a socket based application (not urllib2)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using urllib2 to open a url. Now I need the html file as a string. How do I do this?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17378,"Q_Id":2647723,"Users Score":16,"Answer":"In python3, it should be changed to urllib.request.openurl('http:\/\/www.example.com\/').read().decode('utf-8').","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,string,urllib2","A_Id":35367453,"CreationDate":"2010-04-15T17:48:00.000","Title":"urllib2 to string","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"what is the advantage of using  a python virtualbox API instead of using XPCOM?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3215127375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14030,"Q_Id":2652146,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"I would generally recommend against either one. If you need to use virtualization programmatically, take a look at libvirt, which gives you cross platform and cross hypervisor support; which lets you do kvm\/xen\/vz\/vmware later on.\nThat said, the SOAP api is using two extra abstraction layers (the client and server side of the HTTP transaction), which is pretty clearly then just calling the XPCOM interface.\nIf you need local host only support, use XPCOM. The extra indirection of libvirt\/SOAP doesn't help you.\nIf you need to access virtualbox on a various hosts across multiple client machines, use SOAP or libvirt\nIf you want cross platform support, or to run your code on Linux, use libvirt.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,virtualbox,xpcom","A_Id":2655522,"CreationDate":"2010-04-16T10:26:00.000","Title":"What is the advantage of using Python Virtualbox API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"PdfFileReader reads the content from a pdf file to create an object.\nI am querying the pdf from a cdn via urllib.urlopen(), this provides me a file like object, which has no seek. PdfFileReader, however uses seek.\nWhat is the simple way to create a PdfFileReader object from a pdf downloaded via url.\nNow, what can I do to avoid writing to disk and reading it again via file().\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":275,"Q_Id":2653079,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I suspect you may be optimising prematurely here.\nMost modern systems will cache files in memory for a significant period of time before they flush them to disk, so if you write the data to a temporary file, read it back in, then close and delete the file you may find that there's no significant disc traffic (unless it really is 100MB).\nYou might want to look at using tempfile.TemporaryFile() which creates a temporary file that is automatically deleted when closed, or else tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile() which explicitly holds it all in memory until it exceeds a particular size.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,file,urllib,file-type","A_Id":2653447,"CreationDate":"2010-04-16T12:59:00.000","Title":"Inexpensive ways to add seek to a filetype object","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have around 5 GB of html data which I want to process to find links to a set of websites and perform some additional filtering. Right now I use simple regexp for each site and iterate over them, searching for matches. In my case links can be outside of \"a\" tags and be not well formed in many ways(like \"\\n\" in the middle of link) so I try to grab as much \"links\" as I can and check them later in other scripts(so no BeatifulSoup\\lxml\\etc). The problem is that my script is pretty slow, so I am thinking about any ways to speed it up. I am writing a set of test to check different approaches, but hope to get some advices :)\nRight now I am thinking about getting all links without filtering first(maybe using C module or standalone app, which doesn't use regexp but simple search to get start and end of every link) and then using regexp to match ones I need.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":156,"Q_Id":2662595,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Ways out.\n\nParallelise\nProfile your code to see where the bottleneck is. The result are often surprising. \nUse a single regexp (concatenate using |) rather than multiple ones.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,html,screen-scraping,hyperlink","A_Id":2663277,"CreationDate":"2010-04-18T14:46:00.000","Title":"Extract anything that looks like links from large amount of data in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I currently have built a system that checks user IP, browser, and a random-string cookie to determine if he is an admin.\nIn the worst case, someone steals my cookie, uses the same browser I do, and masks his IP to appear as mine. Is there another layer of security I should add onto my script to make it more secure?\nEDIT: To clarify: my website accepts absolutely NO input from users. I'm just designing a back-end admin panel to make it easier to update database entries.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":263,"Q_Id":2670346,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Https is a must, but you also have to come to terms with the fact that no site can be 100% secure.  The only other way for you to get a significant improvement in security is to have very short session timeouts and provide you users with hardware tokens, but even tokens can be stolen.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,security","A_Id":2670489,"CreationDate":"2010-04-19T19:49:00.000","Title":"Web Security: Worst-Case Situation","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I currently have built a system that checks user IP, browser, and a random-string cookie to determine if he is an admin.\nIn the worst case, someone steals my cookie, uses the same browser I do, and masks his IP to appear as mine. Is there another layer of security I should add onto my script to make it more secure?\nEDIT: To clarify: my website accepts absolutely NO input from users. I'm just designing a back-end admin panel to make it easier to update database entries.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":263,"Q_Id":2670346,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"THe one thing I miss besides everything that is mentioned is fixing \"all other security problems\". \n\nIf you have a SQL injection, you're effort on the cookies is a waste of time.\nIf you have a XSRF vuln, you're effort on the cookies is a waste of time.\nIf you have XSS, ....\nIf you have HPP, ...\nIf you have ...., ....\n\nYou get the point.\nIf you really want to cover everything, I suggest you get the vulnerability landscape clear and build an attack tree (Bruce Schneier).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,security","A_Id":2670747,"CreationDate":"2010-04-19T19:49:00.000","Title":"Web Security: Worst-Case Situation","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How to create simple web site with Python?\nI mean really simple, f.ex, you see text \"Hello World\", and there are button \"submit\", which onClick will show AJAX box \"submit successful\".\nI want to start develop some stuff with Python, and I don't know where to start.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":60467,"Q_Id":2681754,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Why don't you try out the Google AppEngine stuff? They give you a local environment (that runs on your local system) for developing the application. They have nice, easy intro material for getting the site up and running - your \"hello, world\" example will be trivial to implement.\nFrom there on, you can either go with some other framework (using what you have learnt, as the vanilla AppEngine stuff is pretty standard for simple python web frameworks) or carry on with the other stuff Google provides (like hosting your app for you...)","Q_Score":22,"Tags":"python,html,web-applications","A_Id":2684119,"CreationDate":"2010-04-21T09:40:00.000","Title":"How to create simple web site with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wish to get a list of connections to a manager. I can get last_accepted from the servers' listener, but I want all connections. There HAS to be a method I am missing somewhere to return all connections to a server or manager\nPlease help!!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":712,"Q_Id":2686893,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Looking at multiprocessing\/connection.py, the listener just doesn't seem to track all connections -- you could, however, subclass it and override accept to append accepted connections to a list.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multiprocessing","A_Id":2687986,"CreationDate":"2010-04-21T22:07:00.000","Title":"python multiprocessing server connections","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know Twisted can do this well but what about just plain socket?\nHow'd you tell if you randomly lost your connection in socket? Like, If my internet was to go out of a second and come back on.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1516,"Q_Id":2697989,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the internet comes and goes momentarily, you might not actually lose the TCP session. If you do, the socket API will throw some kind of exception, usually socket.timeout.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":2698024,"CreationDate":"2010-04-23T11:06:00.000","Title":"Socket Lose Connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know Twisted can do this well but what about just plain socket?\nHow'd you tell if you randomly lost your connection in socket? Like, If my internet was to go out of a second and come back on.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1516,"Q_Id":2697989,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm assuming you're talking about TCP.\nIf your internet connection is out for a second, you might not lose the TCP connection at all, it'll just retransmit and resume operation.\nThere's ofcourse 100's of other reasons you could lose the connection(e.g. a NAT gateway inbetween decided to throw out the connection silently. The other end gets hit by a nuke. Your router burns up. The guy at the other end yanks out his network cable, etc. etc.)\nHere's what you should do if you need to detect dead peers\/closed sockets etc.:\n\nRead from the socket or in any other way wait for events of incoming data on it. This allows you to detect when the connection was gracefully closed, or an error occured on it (reading on it returns 0 or -1) - atleast if the other end is still able to send a TCP FIN\/RST or ICMP packet to your host.\nWrite to the socket - e.g. send some heartbeats every N seconds. Just reading from the socket won't detect the problem when the other end fails silently. If that PC goes offline, it can obviously not tell you that it did - so you'll have to send it something and see if it responds.\nIf you don't want to write heartbeats every N seconds, you can atleast turn on TCP keepalive - and you'll eventually get notified if the peer is dead. You still have to read from the socket, and the keepalive are usually sent every 2 hours by default. That's still better than keeping dead sockets around for months though.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":2698055,"CreationDate":"2010-04-23T11:06:00.000","Title":"Socket Lose Connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a python script that downloads a file given by a URL. Unfortuneatly the URL is in the form of a PHP script i.e. www.website.com\/generatefilename.php?file=5233\nIf you visit the link in a browser, you are prompted to download the actual file and extension. I need to send this link to the downloader, but I can't send the downloader the PHP link.\nHow would I get the full file name in a usable variable?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":171,"Q_Id":2705856,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"What you need to do is examine the Content-Disposition header sent by the PHP script. it will look something like:\nContent-Disposition: attachment; filename=theFilenameYouWant\nAs to how you actually examine that header it depends on the python code you're currently using to fetch the URL. If you post some code I'll be able to give a more detailed answer.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,url,scripting","A_Id":2705877,"CreationDate":"2010-04-24T19:36:00.000","Title":"I want the actual file name that is returned by a PHP script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What are the best practices for extending an existing Python module \u2013 in this case, I want to extend the python-twitter package by adding new methods to the base API class.\nI've looked at tweepy, and I like that as well; I just find python-twitter easier to understand and extend with the functionality I want.\nI have the methods written already \u2013 I'm trying to figure out the most Pythonic and least disruptive way to add them into the python-twitter package module, without changing this modules\u2019 core.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":33640,"Q_Id":2705964,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Don't add them to the module. Subclass the classes you want to extend and use your subclasses in your own module, not changing the original stuff at all.","Q_Score":29,"Tags":"python,module,tweepy,python-module,python-twitter","A_Id":2705976,"CreationDate":"2010-04-24T20:12:00.000","Title":"How do I extend a python module? Adding new functionality to the `python-twitter` package","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I get information about a user's PC connected to my socket","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":486,"Q_Id":2707599,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"a socket is a \"virtual\" channel established between to electronic devices through a network (a bunch of wires). the only informations available about a remote host are those published on the network.\nthe basic informations are those provided in the TCP\/IP headers, namely the remote IP address, the size of the receive buffer, and a bunch of useless flags. for any other informations, you will have to request from other services.\na reverse DNS lookup will get you a name associated with the IP address. a traceroute will tell you what is the path to the remote computer (or at least to a machine acting as a gateway\/proxy to the remote host). a Geolocation request can give you an approximate location of the remote computer. if the remote host is a server itself accessible to the internet through a registered domain name, a WHOIS request can give you the name of the person in charge of the domain. on a LAN (Local Area Network: a home or enterprise network), an ARP or RARP request will get you a MAC address and many more informations (as much as the network administrator put when they configured the network), possibly the exact location of the computer.\nthere are many many more informations available, but only if they were published. if you know what you are looking for and where to query those informations, you can be very successful. if the remote host is quite hidden and uses some simple stealth technics (anonymous proxy) you will get nothing relevant.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":2707933,"CreationDate":"2010-04-25T08:17:00.000","Title":"Socket: Get user information","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to set timeout on python's socket recv method. How to do it?","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0906594778,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":301595,"Q_Id":2719017,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"You can use socket.settimeout() which accepts a integer argument representing number of seconds. For example, socket.settimeout(1) will set the timeout to 1 second","Q_Score":159,"Tags":"python,sockets,timeout","A_Id":53769737,"CreationDate":"2010-04-27T05:51:00.000","Title":"How to set timeout on python's socket recv method?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to use the htmllib module but it's been removed from Python 3.0. Does anyone know what's the replacement for this module?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5120,"Q_Id":2730752,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I believe lxml has been ported to Python 3","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,python-3.x","A_Id":2734917,"CreationDate":"2010-04-28T15:14:00.000","Title":"Replacement for htmllib module in Python 3.0","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to use the htmllib module but it's been removed from Python 3.0. Does anyone know what's the replacement for this module?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5120,"Q_Id":2730752,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I heard Beautiful soup is getting a port to 3.0.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,python-3.x","A_Id":2732223,"CreationDate":"2010-04-28T15:14:00.000","Title":"Replacement for htmllib module in Python 3.0","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm almost afraid to post this question, there has to be an obvious answer I've overlooked, but here I go:\nContext: I am creating a blog for educational purposes (want to learn python and web.py). I've decided that my blog have posts, so I've created a Post class. I've also decided that posts can be created, read, updated, or deleted (so CRUD). So in my Post class, I've created methods that respond to POST, GET, PUT, and DELETE HTTP methods). So far so good. \nThe current problem I'm having is a conceptual one, I know that sending a PUT HTTP message (with an edited Post) to, e.g., \/post\/52 should update post with id 52 with the body contents of the HTTP message. \nWhat I do not know is how to conceptually correctly serve the (HTML) edit page.\nWill doing it like this: \/post\/52\/edit violate the idea of URI, as 'edit' is not a resource, but an action? \nOn the other side though, could it be considered a resource since all that URI will respond to is a GET method, that will only return an HTML page?\nSo my ultimate question is this: How do I serve an HTML page intended for user editing in a RESTful manner?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":267,"Q_Id":2750341,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Instead of calling it \/post\/52\/edit, what if you called it \/post\/52\/editor?\nNow it is a resource. Dilemma averted.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,rest,web.py","A_Id":2750368,"CreationDate":"2010-05-01T14:43:00.000","Title":"Is www.example.com\/post\/21\/edit a RESTful URI? I think I know the answer, but have another question","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm almost afraid to post this question, there has to be an obvious answer I've overlooked, but here I go:\nContext: I am creating a blog for educational purposes (want to learn python and web.py). I've decided that my blog have posts, so I've created a Post class. I've also decided that posts can be created, read, updated, or deleted (so CRUD). So in my Post class, I've created methods that respond to POST, GET, PUT, and DELETE HTTP methods). So far so good. \nThe current problem I'm having is a conceptual one, I know that sending a PUT HTTP message (with an edited Post) to, e.g., \/post\/52 should update post with id 52 with the body contents of the HTTP message. \nWhat I do not know is how to conceptually correctly serve the (HTML) edit page.\nWill doing it like this: \/post\/52\/edit violate the idea of URI, as 'edit' is not a resource, but an action? \nOn the other side though, could it be considered a resource since all that URI will respond to is a GET method, that will only return an HTML page?\nSo my ultimate question is this: How do I serve an HTML page intended for user editing in a RESTful manner?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":267,"Q_Id":2750341,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Another RESTful approach is to use the query string for modifiers: \/post\/52?edit=1\nAlso, don't get too hung up on the purity of the REST model.  If your app doesn't fit neatly into the model, break the rules.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,rest,web.py","A_Id":2750379,"CreationDate":"2010-05-01T14:43:00.000","Title":"Is www.example.com\/post\/21\/edit a RESTful URI? I think I know the answer, but have another question","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to migrate a legacy mailing list to a new web forum software and was wondering if mailman has an export option or an API to get all lists, owners, members and membership types.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2988,"Q_Id":2756311,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"probably too late, but the list_members LISTNAME command (executed from a shell) will give you all the members of a list.\nlist_admins LISTNAME will give you the owners\nWhat do you mean by membership type? list_members does have an option to filter on digest vs non-digest members. I don't think there's a way to get the moderation flag without writing a script for use with withlist","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,mailman","A_Id":3154975,"CreationDate":"2010-05-03T05:41:00.000","Title":"Does Mailman have an API or an export lists, users and owners option?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've written a Python application that makes web requests using the urllib2 library after which it scrapes the data. I could deploy this as a web application which means all urllib2 requests go through my web-server. This leads to the danger of the server's IP being banned due to the high number of web requests for many users. The other option is to create an desktop application which I don't want to do. Is there any way I could deploy my application so that I can get my web-requests through the client side. One way was to use Jython to create an applet but I've read that Java applets can only make web-requests to the server it is deployed on and the only way to to circumvent this is to create a server side proxy which leads us back to the problem of the server's ip getting banned.\nThis might sounds sound like and impossible situation and I'll probably end up creating a desktop application but I thought I'd ask if anyone knew of an alternate solution.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1085,"Q_Id":2763274,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You probably can use AJAX requests made from JavaScript that is a part of client-side.\n\nUse server \u2192 client communication to give commands and necessary data to make a request\n\u2026and use AJAX communication from client to 3rd party server then.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urllib","A_Id":2763308,"CreationDate":"2010-05-04T06:33:00.000","Title":"making urllib request in Python from the client side","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to extract the info string from an internet radio streamed over HTTP. By info string I mean the short note about the currently played song, band name etc.\nPreferably I'd like to do it in python. So far I've tried opening a socket but from there I got a bunch of binary data that I could not parse...\nthanks for any hints","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2040,"Q_Id":2766787,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Sounds like you might need some stepping stone projects before you're ready for this.  There's no reason to use a low-level socket library for HTTP.  There are great tools both command line utilities and python standard library modules like urlopen2 that can handle the low level TCP and HTTP specifics for you.\nDo you know the URL where you data resides?  Have you tried something simple on the command line like using cURL to grab the raw HTML and then some basic tools like grep to hunt down the info you need?  I assume here the metadata is actually available as HTML as opposed to being in a binary format read directly by the radio streamer (which presumably is in flash perhaps?).\nHard to give you any specifics because your question doesn't include any technical details about your data source.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,streaming,metadata","A_Id":2792800,"CreationDate":"2010-05-04T15:44:00.000","Title":"Parse metadata from http live stream","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking into using Lua in a web project. I can't seem to find any way of directly parsing in pure python and running Lua code in Python.\nDoes anyone know how to do this?\nJoe","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3999,"Q_Id":2767854,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"From your comments, it appears you a interested in a secure way of executing untrusted code.\nRedifining python builtins, as you suggested in a comment, is a horrible way to secure code.\nWhat you want is sandboxing, there are solutions for python, but I wouldn't recommend them.  You would be much better of using Jython or IronPython, because the JVM and .NET clr, were designed with sandboxing in mind.\nI personally believe that in most cases, if you need to execute untrusted code, then you are putting too much or not enough trust in your users.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,lua,eval","A_Id":2768130,"CreationDate":"2010-05-04T18:14:00.000","Title":"Lua parser in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking into using Lua in a web project. I can't seem to find any way of directly parsing in pure python and running Lua code in Python.\nDoes anyone know how to do this?\nJoe","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3999,"Q_Id":2767854,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"@the_drow\nFrom Lua's web site: \n\nLua is a fast language engine with small footprint that you can embed\n  easily into your application. Lua has a simple and well documented API\n  that allows strong integration with code written in other languages.\n  It is easy to extend Lua with libraries written in other languages. It\n  is also easy to extend programs written in other languages with Lua.\n  Lua has been used to extend programs written not only in C and C++, but also in Java, C#, Smalltalk, Fortran, Ada, Erlang, and even in\n  other scripting languages, such as Perl and Ruby.\n\n@Joe Simpson\nCheck out Lunatic Python, it might have what you want.  I know it's an old question, but other people might be looking for this answer, as well.  It's a good question that deserves a good answer.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,lua,eval","A_Id":18090375,"CreationDate":"2010-05-04T18:14:00.000","Title":"Lua parser in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to be able to block the urls that are stored in a text file on the hard disk using Python. If the url the user tries to visit is in the file, it redirects them to another page instead. How is this done?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":957,"Q_Id":2774006,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Doing this at the machine level is a weak solution, it would be pretty easy for a technically inclined user to bypass.\nEven with a server side proxy it will be very easy to bypass unless you firewall normal http traffic, at a bare minimum block ports 80, 443.\nYou could program a proxy in python as Alex suggested, but this is a pretty common problem and there are plenty of off the shelf solutions.\nThat being said, I think that restricting web access will do nothing but aggravate your users.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,windows,internet-explorer,url","A_Id":2774159,"CreationDate":"2010-05-05T14:19:00.000","Title":"Internet Explorer URL blocking with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Getting attributes using minidom in Python, one uses the \"attributes\" property. e.g. node.attributes[\"id\"].value \nSo if I have <a id=\"foo\"><\/a>, that should give me \"foo\". node.attributes[\"id\"] does not return the value of the named attribute, but an xml.dom.minidom.Attr instance. \nBut looking at the help for Attr, by doing help('xml.dom.minidom.Attr'), nowhere is this magic \"value\" property mentioned. I like to learn APIs by looking at the type hierarchy, instance methods etc. Where did this \"value\" property come from?? Why is it not listed in the Attr class' page? The only data descriptors mentioned are isId, localName and schemaType. Its also not inherited from any superclasses. Since I'm new to Python, would some of the Python gurus enlighten?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10689,"Q_Id":2785703,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Geez, never noticed that before.  You're not kidding, node.value isn't mentioned anywhere.  It is definitely being set in the code though under def __setitem__ in xml.dom.minidom.\nNot sure what to say other than, it looks like you'll have to use that.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,minidom","A_Id":2785722,"CreationDate":"2010-05-07T01:52:00.000","Title":"python xml.dom.minidom.Attr question","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a (tabbed) application for Facebook that requires a background process to run on a server and, periodically, upload images to an album on this application's page. \nWhat I'm trying to do is create a script that will:\na) authenticate me with the app\nb) upload an image to a specific album\nAll of this entirely from the command line and completely with the new Graph API.\nMy problem right now is trying to locate the documentation that will allow me to get a token without a pop-up window of sorts. \nThoughts?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1483,"Q_Id":2791683,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you only need to authenticate as one user, you can get an access token with the offline_access permission that will last forever and just bake that into the script.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,facebook,oauth","A_Id":7356440,"CreationDate":"2010-05-07T21:04:00.000","Title":"Can you authenticate Facebook Graph entirely from command line with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Does httplib.HTTPException have error codes?  If so how do I get at them from the exception instance?  Any help is appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3303,"Q_Id":2791946,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"The httplib module doesn't use exceptions to convey HTTP responses, just genuine errors (invalid HTTP responses, broken headers, invalid status codes, prematurely broken connections, etc.) Most of the httplib.HTTPException subclasses just have an associated message string (stored in the args attribute), if even that. httplib.HTTPException itself may have an \"errno\" value as the first entry in args (when raised through httplib.FakeSocket) but it's not a HTTP error code.\nThe HTTP response codes are conveyed through the httplib.HTTPConnection object, though; the getresponse method will (usually) return a HTTPResponse instance with a status attribute set to the HTTP response code, and a reason attribute set to the text version of it. This includes error codes like 404 and 500. I say \"usually\" because you (or a library you use) can override httplib.HTTPConnection.response_class to return something else.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,exception,tcp","A_Id":2792030,"CreationDate":"2010-05-07T22:05:00.000","Title":"python httplib httpexception error codes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using threads and xmlrpclib in python at the same time. Periodically, I create a bunch of thread to complete a service on a remote server via xmlrpclib. The problem is that, there are times that the remote server doesn't answer. This causes the thread to wait forever for a response which it never gets. Over time, number of threads in this state increases and will reach the maximum number of allowed threads on the system (I'm using fedora). \nI tried to use socket.setdefaulttimeout(10); but the exception that is created by that will cause the server to defunct. I used it at server side but it seems that it doesn't work :\/\nAny idea how can I handle this issue?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":110,"Q_Id":2806397,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You are doing what I usually call (originally in Spanish xD) \"happy road programming\". You should implement your programs to handle undesired cases, not only the ones you want to happen.\nThe threads here are only showing an underlying mistake: your server can't handle a timeout, and the implementation is rigid in a way that adding a timeout causes the server to crash due to an unhandled exception.\nImplement it more robustly: it must be able to withstand an exception, servers can't die because of a misbehaving client. If you don't fix this kind of problem now, you may have similar issues later on.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,xml-rpc","A_Id":4199610,"CreationDate":"2010-05-10T20:54:00.000","Title":"too many threads due to synch communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using threads and xmlrpclib in python at the same time. Periodically, I create a bunch of thread to complete a service on a remote server via xmlrpclib. The problem is that, there are times that the remote server doesn't answer. This causes the thread to wait forever for a response which it never gets. Over time, number of threads in this state increases and will reach the maximum number of allowed threads on the system (I'm using fedora). \nI tried to use socket.setdefaulttimeout(10); but the exception that is created by that will cause the server to defunct. I used it at server side but it seems that it doesn't work :\/\nAny idea how can I handle this issue?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":110,"Q_Id":2806397,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It seems like your real problem is that the server hangs on certain requests, and dies if the client closes the socket - the threads are just a side effect of the implementation. If I'm understanding what you're saying correctly, then the only way to fix this would be to fix the server to respond to all requests, or to be more robust with network failure, or (preferably) both.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,xml-rpc","A_Id":2806488,"CreationDate":"2010-05-10T20:54:00.000","Title":"too many threads due to synch communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been creating an application using UDP for transmitting and receiving information. The problem I am running into is security. Right now I am using the IP\/socketid in determining what data belongs to whom.\nHowever, I have been reading about how people could simply spoof their IP, then just send data as a specific IP. So this seems to be the wrong way to do it (insecure). So how else am I suppose to identify what data belongs to what users? For instance you have 10 users connected, all have specific data. The server would need to match the user data to this data we received.\nThe only way I can see to do this is to use some sort of client\/server key system and encrypt the data. I am curious as to how other applications (or games, since that's what this application is) make sure their data is genuine. Also there is the fact that encryption takes much longer to process than unencrypted. Although I am not sure by how much it will affect performance.\nAny information would be appreciated. Thanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4369,"Q_Id":2808092,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you absolutely need to verify that a particular user is a particular user then you need to use some form of encryption where the user signs their messages. This can be done pretty quickly because the user only needs to generate a hash of their message and then sign (encrypt) the hash.\nFor your game application you probably don't need to worry about this. Most ISPs wont allow their users to spoof IP addresses thus you need to only worry about users behind NAT in which you may have multiple users running from the same IP address. In this case, and the general one, you can fairly safely identify unique users based on a tuple containing ip address and UDP port.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,security,encryption,cryptography,udp","A_Id":2808130,"CreationDate":"2010-05-11T04:33:00.000","Title":"UDP security and identifying incoming data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been creating an application using UDP for transmitting and receiving information. The problem I am running into is security. Right now I am using the IP\/socketid in determining what data belongs to whom.\nHowever, I have been reading about how people could simply spoof their IP, then just send data as a specific IP. So this seems to be the wrong way to do it (insecure). So how else am I suppose to identify what data belongs to what users? For instance you have 10 users connected, all have specific data. The server would need to match the user data to this data we received.\nThe only way I can see to do this is to use some sort of client\/server key system and encrypt the data. I am curious as to how other applications (or games, since that's what this application is) make sure their data is genuine. Also there is the fact that encryption takes much longer to process than unencrypted. Although I am not sure by how much it will affect performance.\nAny information would be appreciated. Thanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4369,"Q_Id":2808092,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would look into the Garage Games networking library.  It is written in C++ and uses UDP.  It is designed for low latency and is considered one of the best for games.  \nIf I remember correctly they would actually calculate the likely position of the player both on the client side and the server side.  It would do this for many aspects to ensure integrity of the data.  It also would do a crc check on the client software and compare against the server software to make sure they matched.  \nI am not sure you can license it separately anymore so you may have to license the game engine (100 bucks).  It would at least give you some insight on a proven approach to UDP for games.  Another possibility is looking into the PyGame networking code.  It may have already addressed the issues you are facing.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,security,encryption,cryptography,udp","A_Id":7210998,"CreationDate":"2010-05-11T04:33:00.000","Title":"UDP security and identifying incoming data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been creating an application using UDP for transmitting and receiving information. The problem I am running into is security. Right now I am using the IP\/socketid in determining what data belongs to whom.\nHowever, I have been reading about how people could simply spoof their IP, then just send data as a specific IP. So this seems to be the wrong way to do it (insecure). So how else am I suppose to identify what data belongs to what users? For instance you have 10 users connected, all have specific data. The server would need to match the user data to this data we received.\nThe only way I can see to do this is to use some sort of client\/server key system and encrypt the data. I am curious as to how other applications (or games, since that's what this application is) make sure their data is genuine. Also there is the fact that encryption takes much longer to process than unencrypted. Although I am not sure by how much it will affect performance.\nAny information would be appreciated. Thanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4369,"Q_Id":2808092,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm breaking this down into four levels of security.\n\nExtremely Insecure - Anyone on the network can spoof a valid request\/response with generally available prior knowledge. (ie syslog)\nVery Insecure - Anyone on the network can spoof a valid request\/response only if they have at least read access to the wire. (Passive MITM) (ie http accessable forum with browser cookies)\nSomewhat Insecure - Anyone in the network can spoof a valid request\/response if they can read AND make changes to the wire (Active MITM) (ie https site with self-signed cert)\nSecure - Requests\/Responses cannot be spoofed even with full access to the\nwire. (ie https accessable ecommerce site)\n\nFor Internet games the very insecure solution might actually be acceptable (It would be my choice) It requires no crypto. Just a field in your apps UDP packet format with some kind of random practically unguessable session identifier ferried around for the duration of the game.\nSomewhat insecure requires a little bit of crypto but none of the trust\/PKI\/PSK needed to prevent Active-MITM of the secure solution.  With somewhat insecure if the data payloads were not sensitive you could use an integrity only cipher with (TCP) TLS\/ (UDP) DTLS to reduce processing overhead and latency at the client and server.\nFor games UDP is a huge benefit because if there is packet loss you don't want the IP stack to waste time retransmitting stale state - you want to send new state.  With UDP there are a number of clever schemes such as non-acknowledged frames (world details which don't matter so much if their lost) and statistical methods of duplicating important state data to counter predictable levels of observed packet loss.\nAt the end of the day I would recommend go very insecure or somewhat insecure \/w DTLS integrity only.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,security,encryption,cryptography,udp","A_Id":2815170,"CreationDate":"2010-05-11T04:33:00.000","Title":"UDP security and identifying incoming data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I distinguish between a broadcasted message and a direct message for my ip?\nI'm doing this in python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":83,"Q_Id":2830326,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Basically what you need to do is create a raw socket, receive a datagram, and examine the destination address in the header. If that address is a broadcast address for the network adapter the socket is bound to, then you're golden.\nI don't know how to do this in Python, so I suggest looking for examples of raw sockets and go from there. Bear in mind, you will need root access to use raw sockets, and you had better be real careful if you plan on sending using a raw socket.\nAs you might imagine, this will not be a fun thing to do. I suggest trying to find a way to avoid doing this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":2830485,"CreationDate":"2010-05-13T21:09:00.000","Title":"Distinguishing between broadcasted messages and direct messages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Was looking to write a little web crawler in python. I was starting to investigate writing it as a multithreaded script, one pool of threads downloading and one pool processing results. Due to the GIL would it actually do simultaneous downloading? How does the GIL affect a web crawler? Would each thread pick some data off the socket, then move on to the next thread, let it pick some data off the socket, etc..? \nBasically I'm asking is doing a multi-threaded crawler in python really going to buy me much performance vs single threaded?\nthanks!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5361,"Q_Id":2830880,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"The GIL is not held by the Python interpreter when doing network operations. If you are doing work that is network-bound (like a crawler), you can safely ignore the effects of the GIL.\nOn the other hand, you may want to measure your performance if you create lots of threads doing processing (after downloading). Limiting the number of threads there will reduce the effects of the GIL on your performance.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,multithreading,gil","A_Id":2830905,"CreationDate":"2010-05-13T23:02:00.000","Title":"Does a multithreaded crawler in Python really speed things up?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Was looking to write a little web crawler in python. I was starting to investigate writing it as a multithreaded script, one pool of threads downloading and one pool processing results. Due to the GIL would it actually do simultaneous downloading? How does the GIL affect a web crawler? Would each thread pick some data off the socket, then move on to the next thread, let it pick some data off the socket, etc..? \nBasically I'm asking is doing a multi-threaded crawler in python really going to buy me much performance vs single threaded?\nthanks!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5361,"Q_Id":2830880,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Another consideration: if you're scraping a single website and the server places limits on the frequency of requests your can send from your IP address, adding multiple threads may make no difference.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,multithreading,gil","A_Id":2830933,"CreationDate":"2010-05-13T23:02:00.000","Title":"Does a multithreaded crawler in Python really speed things up?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Recently I needed to generate a huge HTML page containing a report with several thousand row table. And, obviously, I did not want to build the whole HTML (or the underlying tree) in memory. As result, I built the page with the old good string interpolation, but I do not like the solution.\nThus, I wonder whether there are Python templating engines that can yield resulting page content by parts.\nUPD 1: I am not interested in listing all available frameworks and templating engines.\nI am interested in templating solutions that I can use separately from any framework and which can yield content by portions instead of building the whole result in memory.\nI understand the usability enhancements from partial content loading with client scripting, but that is out of the scope of my current question. Say, I want to generate a huge HTML\/XML and stream it into a local file.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1055,"Q_Id":2832915,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You don't need a streaming templating engine - I do this all the time, and long before you run into anything vaguely heavy server-side, the browser will start to choke.  Rendering a 10000 row table will peg the CPU for several seconds in pretty much any browser; scrolling it will be bothersomely choppy in chrome, and the browser mem usage will rise regardless of browser.\nWhat you can do (and I've previously implemented, even though in retrospect it turns out not to be necessary) is use client-side xslt.  Printing the xslt processing instruction and the opening and closing tag using strings is easy and fairly safe; then you can stream each individual row as a standalone xml element using whatever xml writer technique you prefer.\nHowever - you really don't need this, and likely never will - if ever your html generator gets too slow, the browser will be an order of magnitude more problematic.\nSo, unless you benchmarked this and have determined you really have a problem, don't waste your time.  If you do have a problem, you can solve it without fundamentally changing the method - in memory generation can work just fine.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,templates","A_Id":2897474,"CreationDate":"2010-05-14T09:02:00.000","Title":"Python templates for huge HTML\/XML","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Recently I needed to generate a huge HTML page containing a report with several thousand row table. And, obviously, I did not want to build the whole HTML (or the underlying tree) in memory. As result, I built the page with the old good string interpolation, but I do not like the solution.\nThus, I wonder whether there are Python templating engines that can yield resulting page content by parts.\nUPD 1: I am not interested in listing all available frameworks and templating engines.\nI am interested in templating solutions that I can use separately from any framework and which can yield content by portions instead of building the whole result in memory.\nI understand the usability enhancements from partial content loading with client scripting, but that is out of the scope of my current question. Say, I want to generate a huge HTML\/XML and stream it into a local file.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1055,"Q_Id":2832915,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It'd be more user-friendly (assuming they have javascript enabled) to build the table via javascript by using e.g. a jQuery plugin which allows automatical loading of contents as soon as you scroll down. Then only few rows are loaded initially and when the user scrolls down more rows are loaded on demand.\nIf that's not a solution, you could use three templates: one for everything before the rows, one for everything after the rows and a third one for the rows.\nThen you first send the before-rows template, then generate the rows and send them immediately, then the after-rows template. Then you will have only one block\/row in memory instead of the whole table.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,templates","A_Id":2832958,"CreationDate":"2010-05-14T09:02:00.000","Title":"Python templates for huge HTML\/XML","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to develop an app using Django 1.1 on Webfaction. I'd like to get the IP address of the incoming request, but when I use request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'] it returns 127.0.0.1. There seems to be a number of different ways of getting the address, such as using \nHTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR or plugging in some middleware called SetRemoteAddrFromForwardedFor. Just wondering what the best approach was?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":748,"Q_Id":2840329,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I use the middleware because this way I don't have to change the app's code. \nIf I want to migrate my app to other hosting servers, I only need to modify the middleware without affecting other parts. \nSecurity is not an issue because on WebFaction you can trust what comes in from the front end server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":2840883,"CreationDate":"2010-05-15T13:46:00.000","Title":"Django: What's the correct way to get the requesting IP address?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Sometimes I have to send a message to a specific IP and sometimes I have to broadcast the message to all the IP's in my network. At the other end I have to distinguish between a broadcast and a normal one, but recvfrom() just returns the address the message came from;\nthere is no difference between them. Can anyone help me distinguish them?\nUDP is the protocol.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.761594156,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":116,"Q_Id":2848098,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"I don't think it's possible with Python's socket module. UDP is a very minimalistic protocol, and the only way to distinguish between a broadcast and a non-broadcast UDP packet is by looking at the destination address. However, you cannot inspect that part of the packet with the BSD socket API (if I remember it correctly), and the socket module exposes the BSD socket API only. Your best bet would probably be to use the first byte of the message to denote whether it is a broadcast or a unicast message.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":2848539,"CreationDate":"2010-05-17T10:00:00.000","Title":"How to identify a broadcasted message?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a long document in XML from which I need to produce static HTML pages (for distribution via CD). I know (to varying degrees) JavaScript, PHP and Python. The current options I've considered are listed here:\n\nI'm not ruling out JavaScript, so one option would be to use ajax to dynamically load the XML content into HTML pages. Edit: I'd use jQuery for this option.\nLearn some basic XSLT and produce HTML to the correct spec this way.\nProduce the site with PHP (for example) and then generate a static site.\nWrite a script (in Python for example) to convert the XML into HTML. This is similar to the XSLT option but without having to learn XSLT.\n\nUseful information:\n\nThe XML will likely change at some point, so I'd like to be able to easily regenerate the site.\nI'll have to produce some kind of menu for jumping around the document (so I'll need to produce some kind of index of the content).\n\nI'd like to know if anyone has any better ideas that I haven't thought of. If not, I'd like you to tell me which of my options seems the most sensible. I think I know what I'm going to do, but I'd like a second opinion. Thanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1365,"Q_Id":2850534,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would go with the PHP option. The reason being is that when the XML changes your site content \"should\" automatically change without you having to touch your PHP code.\nCreating a Python script to generate lots of static pages just seems like a bad idea to me and  with javascript you will have your cross-browser headaches (unless you are using a framework maybe).\nUse the server side languages for these kind of tasks, it is what they were made for.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,html,xml,ajax,xslt","A_Id":2850582,"CreationDate":"2010-05-17T15:47:00.000","Title":"Producing a static HTML site from XML content","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a long document in XML from which I need to produce static HTML pages (for distribution via CD). I know (to varying degrees) JavaScript, PHP and Python. The current options I've considered are listed here:\n\nI'm not ruling out JavaScript, so one option would be to use ajax to dynamically load the XML content into HTML pages. Edit: I'd use jQuery for this option.\nLearn some basic XSLT and produce HTML to the correct spec this way.\nProduce the site with PHP (for example) and then generate a static site.\nWrite a script (in Python for example) to convert the XML into HTML. This is similar to the XSLT option but without having to learn XSLT.\n\nUseful information:\n\nThe XML will likely change at some point, so I'd like to be able to easily regenerate the site.\nI'll have to produce some kind of menu for jumping around the document (so I'll need to produce some kind of index of the content).\n\nI'd like to know if anyone has any better ideas that I haven't thought of. If not, I'd like you to tell me which of my options seems the most sensible. I think I know what I'm going to do, but I'd like a second opinion. Thanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1365,"Q_Id":2850534,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I would go with the XSLT option, controlled via parameters to generate different pages from the same XML source if needed. It's really the tool made for XML transformations.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,html,xml,ajax,xslt","A_Id":2850603,"CreationDate":"2010-05-17T15:47:00.000","Title":"Producing a static HTML site from XML content","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a long document in XML from which I need to produce static HTML pages (for distribution via CD). I know (to varying degrees) JavaScript, PHP and Python. The current options I've considered are listed here:\n\nI'm not ruling out JavaScript, so one option would be to use ajax to dynamically load the XML content into HTML pages. Edit: I'd use jQuery for this option.\nLearn some basic XSLT and produce HTML to the correct spec this way.\nProduce the site with PHP (for example) and then generate a static site.\nWrite a script (in Python for example) to convert the XML into HTML. This is similar to the XSLT option but without having to learn XSLT.\n\nUseful information:\n\nThe XML will likely change at some point, so I'd like to be able to easily regenerate the site.\nI'll have to produce some kind of menu for jumping around the document (so I'll need to produce some kind of index of the content).\n\nI'd like to know if anyone has any better ideas that I haven't thought of. If not, I'd like you to tell me which of my options seems the most sensible. I think I know what I'm going to do, but I'd like a second opinion. Thanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1365,"Q_Id":2850534,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Go with what you are most comfortable with.\nIf it's straightforward you could use (for example) php to generate a page and then use a command line script (in python or php) to create cached files for you.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,html,xml,ajax,xslt","A_Id":2850635,"CreationDate":"2010-05-17T15:47:00.000","Title":"Producing a static HTML site from XML content","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I recently downloaded and installed feedparser with python,\nI tried to run it but Netbeans shouts on import:\nImportError: No module named feedparser\nrestarted the Netbeans, still no go.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1032,"Q_Id":2852301,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Netbeans by default uses Jython, \nif you go to Tools>Python Platforms and see that Jython is the default. \nSwitch it to Python and so the installed libraries would work. \nIf you already have a project, you should right click on it, choose Python and on the platform choose Python instead of Jython.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,netbeans,feedparser","A_Id":2856391,"CreationDate":"2010-05-17T19:59:00.000","Title":"adding the feedparser module to python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am programming web interface which communicates with cisco switches via telnet. I want to make such system which will be storing one telnet connection per switch and every script (web interface, cron jobs, etc.) will have access to it. This is needed to make a single query queue for each device and prevent huge cisco processor load caused by several concurent telnet connections. \nHow do I can do this? \nupdated\nOption with connection handling daemon is good and will work in the best way. Sharing telnet connection object between scripts may be difficult to implement and debug. But this option is interesting because interface is using only by couple of operators and cron jobs.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1334,"Q_Id":2856356,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The usual way would be to have a process running in the background that keeps hold of the persistent telnet connections and commands queued to go down them.\nThen have the front-end scripts connect to it (eg. via a unix socket) to queue commands and get the results asynchronously.\nBut this might be overkill. How many people are you expecting to be using a switch interface concurrently? A lightweight alternative for just the web part of it would be to keep the telnet connection object in the web scripts, and configure the web server\/gateway to only launch one instance of your webapp at once.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,telnet,telnetlib","A_Id":2856596,"CreationDate":"2010-05-18T10:30:00.000","Title":"Python (Django). Store telnet connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a function or method I could call in Python \nThat would tell me if the data is RSS or HTML?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":81,"Q_Id":2882549,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Filetypes should generally be determined out-of-band. eg. if you are fetching the file from a web server, the place to look would be the Content-Type header of the HTTP response. If you're fetching a local file, the filesystem would have a way of determining filetype\u2014on Windows that'd be looking at the file extension.\nIf none of that is available, you'd have to resort to content sniffing. This is never wholly reliable, and RSS is particularly annoying because there are multiple incompatible versions of it, but about the best you could do would probably be:\n\nAttempt to parse the content with an XML parser. If it fails, the content isn't well-formed XML so can't be RSS.\nLook at the document.documentElement.namespaceURI. If it's http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml, you've got XHTML. If it's http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/02\/22-rdf-syntax-ns#, you've got RSS (of one flavour).\nIf the document.documentElement.tagName is rss, you've got RSS (of a slightly different flavour).\n\nIf the file couldn't be parsed as XML, it could well be HTML (or some tag-soup approximation of it). It's conceivable it might also be broken RSS. In that case most feed tools would reject it. If you need to still detect this case you'd be reduced to looking for strings like <html or <rss or <rdf:RSS near the start of the file. This would be even more unreliable.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,rss","A_Id":2883114,"CreationDate":"2010-05-21T13:44:00.000","Title":"Identifying if a data is RSS or HTML on python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a function or method I could call in Python \nThat would tell me if the data is RSS or HTML?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":81,"Q_Id":2882549,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You could always analyze it yourself to search for an xml tag (for RSS) or html tag (for HTML).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,rss","A_Id":2882574,"CreationDate":"2010-05-21T13:44:00.000","Title":"Identifying if a data is RSS or HTML on python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am going to handle XML files for a project. I had earlier decided to use lxml but after reading the requirements, I think ElemenTree would be better for my purpose.\nThe XML files that have to be processed are:\n\nSmall in size. Typically < 10 KB. \nNo namespaces.  \nSimple XML structure.\n\nGiven the small XML size, memory is not an issue. My only concern is fast parsing.\nWhat should I go with? Mostly I have seen people recommend lxml, but given my parsing requirements, do I really stand to benefit from it or would ElementTree serve my purpose better?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":372,"Q_Id":2908440,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"lxml is basically a superset of ElementTree so you could start with ElementTree and then if you have performance or functionality issues then you could change to lxml.\nPerformance issues can only be studied by you using your own data,","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,lxml,celementtree","A_Id":2908479,"CreationDate":"2010-05-25T20:52:00.000","Title":"Which Python XML library should I use?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to manually create the file descriptor associated with a socket in python and then loaded directly into memory with mmap. Create a file into memory with mmap is simple, but I can not find a way to associate the file with a socket.\n\nThanks for your responses.\nThe problem I have is I can not make more of a number of sockets for python (or operating system) I get the error: \"[errno 24] Too many open files.\"\nI think the error is because I can not create more file descriptors on disk, so I want to create them in memory. To avoid this limitation.\nAny suggestions?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2393,"Q_Id":2922548,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Why do you want to load this into memory using mmap? If you are on a unix variant, you can create a unix socket which is a file descriptor which can be used just like any other socket. A socket and a memory-mapped file are two distinct entities - it is probably not a good idea to try and mix them.\nPerhaps it would be helpful to take a step back and discuss what you are trying to do at a higher level.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,file-descriptor","A_Id":2922605,"CreationDate":"2010-05-27T15:38:00.000","Title":"change file descriptor for socket in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have domain on a shared hosting provider. How do I find the direct IP address of my domain using Python?\nIs it possible to post to a script on my domain using the IP address and not the website itself?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":725,"Q_Id":2924736,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I guess the IP should be static so do you really need to look it up more than once?\nYou need to specify the domain name so that the webserver knows which host configuration to use if you don't have a dedicated IP or your host is the default for that webserver","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cgi","A_Id":2924798,"CreationDate":"2010-05-27T20:40:00.000","Title":"IP address of domain on shared host","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to create a directory with news articles collected from an rss feed, meaning that whenever there is a link to an article within the rss feed, I would like for it to be downloaded in a directory with the title of the specific article as the filename as as a text file.\nIs that something Python can help me do ?\nThank you for your help :-)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":442,"Q_Id":2927543,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Of course. BeautifulSoup, lxml, urllib2, urlgrabber.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rss","A_Id":2927551,"CreationDate":"2010-05-28T08:22:00.000","Title":"Downloading from links in an rss feed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i would like to know, what is the best way to send files between python and C# and vice versa.\nI have my own protocol which work on socket level, and i can send string and numbers in both ways. Loops works too. With this i can send pretty much anything, like package of users id, if it is simple data. But soon i will start sending whole files, maybe xml or executables.\nSimple server with files is no an option because i want sending files from client too.\nI was thinking about serialization but i don't know it is the best solution, but if it is i will love some tips from stackoverflow community.\nEDIT:\nI added django to question and chose http.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":347,"Q_Id":2930211,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The easier way on my use case was send files using HTTP because with python i have additionaly running django.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"c#,python,sockets","A_Id":2965960,"CreationDate":"2010-05-28T15:17:00.000","Title":"Send files between python+django and C#","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"We're writing a web-based tool to configure our services provided by multiple servers. This includes interfaces configuration, dhcp configs etc. etc.\nHaving configs in database and views that generate proper output, how to send it\/make it available for servers?\nI'm thinking about sending it through scp and invoking reload command to services through ssh. I'm also thinking about using Func to do all the job, as this is Python tool and will seemingly integrate with python-based (django) config tool.\nAny other proposals?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":226,"Q_Id":2932007,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It really depends what you're intending to do, as the question is a little vague.  The other answers cover the tools available; choosing one over the other comes down to purpose.\nAre you intending to manage servers, and services on those servers?  If so, try Puppet, CFEngine, or some other tool for managing server configurations.\nOr, more specifically, are you looking for a deployment\/buildout tool that talks to servers?  So that you can type in something along the lines of \"mytool deploy myproject\", and have your project propagate to all the servers?  In which case, fabric would be the tool to use.\nGenerally a good configuration will consist of both anyway... but for what it's worth, from the sound of it (managing DHCP\/network\/etc.), Puppet's the way to go.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,administration,func","A_Id":3130135,"CreationDate":"2010-05-28T19:46:00.000","Title":"Methods of sending web-generated config files to servers and restarting services","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"when using Python's stock XML tools such as xml.dom.minidom for XML writing, a file would always start off like\n<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n[...]\nWhile this is perfectly legal XML code, and it's even recommended to use the header, I'd like to get rid of it as one of the programs I'm working with has problems here.\nI can't seem to find the appropriate option in xml.dom.minidom, so I wondered if there are other packages which do allow to neglect the header.\nCheers,\nNico","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9270,"Q_Id":2933262,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're set on using minidom, just scan back in the file and remove the first line after writing all the XML you need.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":2933332,"CreationDate":"2010-05-29T00:28:00.000","Title":"How to write an XML file without header in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"when using Python's stock XML tools such as xml.dom.minidom for XML writing, a file would always start off like\n<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n[...]\nWhile this is perfectly legal XML code, and it's even recommended to use the header, I'd like to get rid of it as one of the programs I'm working with has problems here.\nI can't seem to find the appropriate option in xml.dom.minidom, so I wondered if there are other packages which do allow to neglect the header.\nCheers,\nNico","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9270,"Q_Id":2933262,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Purists may not like to hear this, but I have found using an XML parser to generate XML to be overkill. Just generate it directly as strings. This also lets you generate files larger than you can keep in memory, which you can't do with DOM. Reading XML is another story.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":2933289,"CreationDate":"2010-05-29T00:28:00.000","Title":"How to write an XML file without header in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible for my python web app to provide an option the for user to automatically send jobs to the locally connected printer? Or will the user always have to use the browser to manually print out everything.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1545,"Q_Id":2936384,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If your Python webapp is running inside a browser on the client machine, I don't see any other way than manually for the user.\nSome workarounds you might want to investigate:\n\nif you web app is installed on the client machine, you will be able to connect directly to the printer, as you have access to the underlying OS system.\nyou could potentially create a plugin that can be installed on the browser that does this for him, but I have no clue as how this works technically.\nwhat is it that you want to print ? You could generate a pdf that contains everything that the user needs to print, in one go ?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-applications,printing","A_Id":2936475,"CreationDate":"2010-05-29T19:48:00.000","Title":"python web script send job to printer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"is there any library or way exist from which I can convert my xml records to yaml format ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6025,"Q_Id":2943862,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The difference between XML and YAML is significant enough to warrant a redesign of the schema you are using to store your data. You should write a script to parse your XML records and output YAML formatted data.\nThere are some methods out there to convert any generic XML into YAML, but the results are far less usable than a method designed specifically for your schema.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,xml,tags,yaml","A_Id":2955385,"CreationDate":"2010-05-31T13:37:00.000","Title":"is there anything exist to convert xml -> yaml directly?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"lets say you run third party program on your computer whitch create a process named example.exe\nhow do i determinate if this process is running and how many windows does he open? How do i intercept network communication between this windows and server?\nmy goal is to create an app whitch will be monitoring network trafic between example.exe and its home server in order to analyze data and save to database, and finally simulate user interaction to get more relevant data","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":620,"Q_Id":2945074,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could use wireshark from wireshark.org to sniff the network traffic (or any other packet sniffer).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,networking,communication","A_Id":2945291,"CreationDate":"2010-05-31T17:30:00.000","Title":"python intercepting communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wonder if it is better add an element by opening file, search 'good place' and add string which contains xml code.\nOr use some library... i have no idea. I know how can i get nodes and properties from xml through for example lxml but what's the simpliest and the best way to add?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4733,"Q_Id":2977779,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The safest way to add nodes to an XML document is to load it into a DOM, add the nodes programmatically and write it out again. There are several Python XML libraries. I have used minidom, but I have no reason to recommend it specifically over the others.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":2977799,"CreationDate":"2010-06-04T21:01:00.000","Title":"add xml node to xml file with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm building my startup and I'm thinking ahead for shared use of services.\nSo far I want to allow people who have a user account on one app to be able to use the same user account on another app. This means I will have to build an authentication server.\nI would like some opinions on how to allow an app to talk to the authentication server. Should I use curl? Should I use Python's http libs? All the code will be in Python.\nAll it's going to do is ask the authentication server if the person is allowed to use that app and the auth server will return a JSON user object. All authorization (roles and resources) will be app independent, so this app will not have to handle that.\nSorry if this seems a bit newbish; this is the first time I have separated authentication from the actual application.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":308,"Q_Id":2986317,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Assuming you plan to write your own auth client code, it isn't event-driven, and you don't need to validate an https certificate, I would suggest using python's built-in urllib2 to call the auth server.  This will minimize dependencies, which ought to make deployment and upgrades easier.\nThat being said, there are more than a few existing auth-related protocols and libraries in the world, some of which might save you some time and security worries over writing code from scratch.  For example, if you make your auth server speak OpenID, many off-the-self applications and servers (including Apache) will have auth client plugins already made for you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,authentication,rest","A_Id":2986411,"CreationDate":"2010-06-06T23:14:00.000","Title":"Talking to an Authentication Server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm building my startup and I'm thinking ahead for shared use of services.\nSo far I want to allow people who have a user account on one app to be able to use the same user account on another app. This means I will have to build an authentication server.\nI would like some opinions on how to allow an app to talk to the authentication server. Should I use curl? Should I use Python's http libs? All the code will be in Python.\nAll it's going to do is ask the authentication server if the person is allowed to use that app and the auth server will return a JSON user object. All authorization (roles and resources) will be app independent, so this app will not have to handle that.\nSorry if this seems a bit newbish; this is the first time I have separated authentication from the actual application.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":308,"Q_Id":2986317,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your question isn't really a programming problem so much as it is an architecture problem.  What I would recommend for your specific situation is to setup an LDAP server for authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA).  Then have your applications use that (every language has modules and libraries for LDAP).  It is a reliable, secure, proven, and well-known way of handling such things.\nEven if you strictly want to enforce HTTP-based authentication it is easy enough to slap an authentication server in front of your LDAP and call it a day.  There's even existing code to do just that so you won't have to re-invent the wheel.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,authentication,rest","A_Id":2986610,"CreationDate":"2010-06-06T23:14:00.000","Title":"Talking to an Authentication Server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to write some unit tests for a small web service written with Cherrypy and I am wondering what's the best way to figure out that the server has started, so i don't get connection refused if I try to connect too early to the service ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":250,"Q_Id":2988636,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I got it figured out:\ncherrypy.engine.start(); cherrypy.server.wait()\nit's the way to go.\nOtherwise, I think you can get away with some tricks with\ncherrypy.server.bus.states","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":2989432,"CreationDate":"2010-06-07T10:20:00.000","Title":"cherrypy when to know that the server has started","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing an application that sends files over network, I want to develop a custom protocol to not limit myself in term on feature richness (http wouldn't be appropriate, the nearest thing is the  bittorrent protocol maybe).\nI've tried with twisted, I've built a good app but there's a bug in twisted that makes my GUI blocking, so I've to switch to another framework\/strategy.\nWhat do you suggest? Using raw sockets and using gtk mainloop (there are select-like functions in the toolkit) is too much difficult? \nIt's viable running two mainloops in different threads?\nAsking for suggestions","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1158,"Q_Id":2991852,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Disclaimer: I have little experience with network applications.\nThat being said, the raw sockets isn't terribly difficult to wrap your head around\/use, especially if you're not too worried about optimization. That takes more thought, of course. But using GTK and raw sockets should be fairly straightforward. Especially since you've used the twisted framework, which IIRC, just abstracts some of the more nitty-gritty details of socket managing.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":2991942,"CreationDate":"2010-06-07T17:47:00.000","Title":"networking application and GUI in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing an application that sends files over network, I want to develop a custom protocol to not limit myself in term on feature richness (http wouldn't be appropriate, the nearest thing is the  bittorrent protocol maybe).\nI've tried with twisted, I've built a good app but there's a bug in twisted that makes my GUI blocking, so I've to switch to another framework\/strategy.\nWhat do you suggest? Using raw sockets and using gtk mainloop (there are select-like functions in the toolkit) is too much difficult? \nIt's viable running two mainloops in different threads?\nAsking for suggestions","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1158,"Q_Id":2991852,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Two threads: one for the GUI, one for sending\/receiving data. Tkinter would be a perfectly fine toolkit for this.  You don't need twisted or any other external libraries or toolkits -- what comes out of the box is sufficient to get the job done.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":2991935,"CreationDate":"2010-06-07T17:47:00.000","Title":"networking application and GUI in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm at the moment working on a web page where the users who visit it should have the possibility to create an event in my web page's name. There is a Page on Facebook for the web page which should be the owner of the user created event. Is this possible? All users are authenticated using Facebook Connect, but since the event won't be created in their name I don't know if that's so much of help. The Python SDK will be used since the event shall be implemented server side.\n\/ D","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":700,"Q_Id":3005640,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is possible, using the access token provided for your page you can publish to this as you would with a user. If you want to post FROM the USER than you need to use the current user's access token, if you want to post FROM the PAGE then using the access token from the page you can publish to that","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,facebook","A_Id":6583766,"CreationDate":"2010-06-09T12:12:00.000","Title":"Create event for another owner using Facebook Graph API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am looking for a way of programmatically testing a script written with the asyncore Python module. My test consists of launching the script in question -- if a TCP listen socket is opened, the test passes. Otherwise, if the script dies before getting to that point, the test fails.\nThe purpose of this is knowing if a nightly build works (at least up to a point) or not. \nI was thinking the best way to test would be to launch the script in some kind of sandbox wrapper which waits for a socket request. I don't care about actually listening for anything on that port, just intercepting the request and using that as an indication that my test passed.\nI think it would be preferable to intercept the open socket request, rather than polling at set intervals (I hate polling!). But I'm a bit out of my depths as far as how exactly to do this.\nCan I do this with a shell script? Or perhaps I need to override the asyncore module at the Python level?\nThanks in advance,\n- B","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":838,"Q_Id":3014686,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Another option is to mock the socket module before importing the asyncore module. Of course, then you have to make sure that the mock works properly first.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,testing,sockets,wrapper","A_Id":3019494,"CreationDate":"2010-06-10T13:19:00.000","Title":"How can I build a wrapper to wait for listening on a port?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"how can i send an xml file on my system to an http server using python standard library??","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5264,"Q_Id":3020979,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can achieve that through a standard http post request.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,xml,http","A_Id":3021000,"CreationDate":"2010-06-11T07:35:00.000","Title":"send xml file to http using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need a simple graphics library that supports the following functionality:\n\nAbility to draw polygons (not just rectangles!) with RGBA colors (i.e., partially transparent),\nAbility to load bitmap images,\nAbility to read current color of pixel in a given coordinate.\n\nIdeally using JavaScript or Python.\nSeems like HTML 5 Canvas can handle #2 and #3 but not #1, whereas SVG can handle #1 and #2 but not #3. Am I missing something (about either of these two)? Or are there other alternatives?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1047,"Q_Id":3021514,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"PyGame can do all of those things. OTOH, I don't think it embeds into a GUI too well.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,graphics,canvas,svg","A_Id":3022580,"CreationDate":"2010-06-11T09:00:00.000","Title":"Simple graphics API with transparency, polygons, reading image pixels?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need a simple graphics library that supports the following functionality:\n\nAbility to draw polygons (not just rectangles!) with RGBA colors (i.e., partially transparent),\nAbility to load bitmap images,\nAbility to read current color of pixel in a given coordinate.\n\nIdeally using JavaScript or Python.\nSeems like HTML 5 Canvas can handle #2 and #3 but not #1, whereas SVG can handle #1 and #2 but not #3. Am I missing something (about either of these two)? Or are there other alternatives?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1047,"Q_Id":3021514,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I voted for PyGame, but I would also like to point out that the new QT graphics library seems quite capable. I have not used PyQT with QT4 yet, but I really like PyQT development with QT3.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,graphics,canvas,svg","A_Id":3023182,"CreationDate":"2010-06-11T09:00:00.000","Title":"Simple graphics API with transparency, polygons, reading image pixels?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need a simple graphics library that supports the following functionality:\n\nAbility to draw polygons (not just rectangles!) with RGBA colors (i.e., partially transparent),\nAbility to load bitmap images,\nAbility to read current color of pixel in a given coordinate.\n\nIdeally using JavaScript or Python.\nSeems like HTML 5 Canvas can handle #2 and #3 but not #1, whereas SVG can handle #1 and #2 but not #3. Am I missing something (about either of these two)? Or are there other alternatives?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1047,"Q_Id":3021514,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I ended up going with Canvas. The \"secret\" of polygons is using paths. Thanks, \"tur1ng\"!","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,graphics,canvas,svg","A_Id":3027643,"CreationDate":"2010-06-11T09:00:00.000","Title":"Simple graphics API with transparency, polygons, reading image pixels?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working a script that will upload videos to YouTube with different accounts. Is there a way to use HTTPS or SOCKS proxies to filter all the requests. My client doesn't want to leave any footprints for Google. The only way I found was to set the proxy environment variable beforehand but this seems cumbersome. Is there some way I'm missing?\nThanks :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1129,"Q_Id":3026881,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Setting an environment variable (e.g. import os; os.environ['BLAH']='BLUH' once at the start of your program \"seems cumbersome\"?!  What does count as \"non-cumbersome\" for you, pray?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,youtube,gdata","A_Id":3027001,"CreationDate":"2010-06-11T23:34:00.000","Title":"How to use a Proxy with Youtube API? (Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way I can programmatically determine the status of a download in Chrome or Mozilla Firefox? I would like to know if the download was aborted or completed successfully.\nFor writing the code I'd be using either Perl, PHP or Python.\nPlease help.\nThank You.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":676,"Q_Id":3029824,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"There are scripts out there that output the file in chunks, recording how many bytes they've echoed out, but those are completely unreliable and you can't accurately ascertain whether or not the user successfully received the complete file.\nThe short answer is no, really, unless you write your own download manager (in Java) that runs a callback to your server when the download completes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,perl,download","A_Id":3029877,"CreationDate":"2010-06-12T19:18:00.000","Title":"Programmatically determining the status of a file download","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have to send F2 key to telnet host. How do I send it using python...using getch() I found that the character < used for the F2 key but when sending >, its not working. I think there is a way to send special function keys but I am not able to find it. If somebody knows please help me. Thanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2908,"Q_Id":3035390,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Extended keys (non-alphanumeric or symbol) are composed of a sequence of single characters, with the sequence depending on the terminal you have told the telnet server you are using. You will need to send all characters in the sequence in order to make it work. Here, using od -c <<< 'CtrlVF2' I was able to see a sequence of \\x1b0Q with the xterm terminal.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,telnet","A_Id":3035415,"CreationDate":"2010-06-14T06:40:00.000","Title":"how to send F2 key to remote host using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking to find a way to in real-time find the shortest path between nodes in a huge graph. It has hundreds of thousands of vertices and millions of edges. I know this question has been asked before and I guess the answer is to use a breadth-first search, but I'm more interested in to know what software you can use to implement it. For example, it would be totally perfect if  it already exist a library (with python bindings!) for performing bfs in undirected graphs.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24381,"Q_Id":3038661,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Depending on what kind of additional information you have, A* may be extremely efficient. In particular, if given a node you can compute an estimate of the cost from that node to the goal, A* is optimally efficient.","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,graph,shortest-path,dijkstra,breadth-first-search","A_Id":3042109,"CreationDate":"2010-06-14T15:50:00.000","Title":"Efficiently finding the shortest path in large graphs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that accepts a file from the user and saves it.\nIs it possible to not upload the file immediately but to que it up and when the server has less load to upload it then.\nCan this be done by transferring the file to the browsers storage area or taking the file from the Harddrive and transferring to the User's RAM?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":100,"Q_Id":3040290,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"There is no reliable way to do what you're asking, because fundamentally, your server has no control over the user's browser, computer, or internet connection.  If you don't care about reliability, you might try writing a bunch of javascript to trigger the upload at a scheduled time, but it just wouldn't work if the user closed his browser, navigated away from your web page, turned off his computer, walked away from his wifi signal, etc.\nIf your web site is really so heavily loaded that it buckles when lots of users upload files at once, it might be time to profile your code, use multiple servers, or perhaps use a separate upload server to accept files and then schedule transfer to your main server later.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,file,architecture,file-upload","A_Id":3040346,"CreationDate":"2010-06-14T19:32:00.000","Title":"Python timed file upload","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does anyone know of a memory efficient way to generate very large xml files (e.g. 100-500 MiB) in Python? \nI've been utilizing lxml, but memory usage is through the roof.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4751,"Q_Id":3049188,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The only sane way to generate so large an XML file is line by line, which means printing while running a state machine, and lots of testing.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,xml,lxml","A_Id":3049245,"CreationDate":"2010-06-15T21:27:00.000","Title":"Generating very large XML files in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does anyone know of a memory efficient way to generate very large xml files (e.g. 100-500 MiB) in Python? \nI've been utilizing lxml, but memory usage is through the roof.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4751,"Q_Id":3049188,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Obviously, you've got to avoid having to build the entire tree ( whether DOM or etree or whatever ) in memory. But the best way depends on the source of your data and how complicated and interlinked the structure of your output is.\nIf it's big because it's got thousands of instances of fairly independent items, then you can generate the outer wrapper, and then build trees for each item and then serialize each fragment to the output. \nIf the fragments aren't so independent, then you'll need to do some extra bookkeeping -- like maybe manage a database of generated ids & idrefs. \nI would break it into 2 or 3 parts: a sax event producer, an output serializer\neating sax events, and optionally, if it seems easier to work with some independent pieces as objects or trees, something to build those objects and then turn them into sax events for the serializer. \nMaybe you could just manage it all as direct text output, instead of dealing with sax events: that depends on how complicated it is. \nThis may also be a good place to use python generators as a way of streaming the output without having to build large structures in memory.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,xml,lxml","A_Id":3050007,"CreationDate":"2010-06-15T21:27:00.000","Title":"Generating very large XML files in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"just wonder how those air ticket booking website redirect the user to the airline booking website and then fill up(i suppose doing POST) the required information so that the users will land on the booking page with origin\/destination\/date selected?\nIs the technique used is to open up new browser window and do a ajax POST from there?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":81,"Q_Id":3050477,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It can work like this:\non air ticket booking system you have a html form pointing on certain airline booking website (by action parameter). If user submits data then data lands on airline booking website and this website proceed the request.\nUsuallly people want to get back to the first site. This can be done by sending return url with request data. Of course there must be an API on the airline booking site to handle such url.\nThis is common mechanism when you do online payments, all kind of reservations, etc.\nNot sure about your idea to use ajax calls. Simple html form is enough here. Note that also making ajax calls between different domains can be recognized as attempt to access the restricted url.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":3051343,"CreationDate":"2010-06-16T03:07:00.000","Title":"redirection follow by post","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am able to establish the initial telnet session. But from this session I need to create a second. Basically I can not telnet directly to the device I need to access. Interactively this is not an issue but I am attempting to setup an automated test using python.\nDoes anyone know who to accomplish this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":797,"Q_Id":3054086,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you log in from A to B to C, do you need the console input from A to go to C ?\nIf not, it is fairly straightforward, as you can execute commands on the second server to connect to the third.\nI do something like that using SSH, where I have paramiko and scripts installed on both A and B. A logs in to B and executes a command to start a python script on B which then connects to C and does whatever.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,telnet,telnetlib","A_Id":3054195,"CreationDate":"2010-06-16T14:18:00.000","Title":"Using Python: How can I telnet into a server and then from that connection telnet into a second server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am able to establish the initial telnet session. But from this session I need to create a second. Basically I can not telnet directly to the device I need to access. Interactively this is not an issue but I am attempting to setup an automated test using python.\nDoes anyone know who to accomplish this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":797,"Q_Id":3054086,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"After establishing the first connection, just write the same telnet command you use manually to that connection.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,telnet,telnetlib","A_Id":3054153,"CreationDate":"2010-06-16T14:18:00.000","Title":"Using Python: How can I telnet into a server and then from that connection telnet into a second server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have two projects in Eclipse with Java and Python code, using Jython. Also I'm using PyDev. One project can import and use the xml module just fine, and the other gives the error ImportError: No module named xml. As far as I can tell, all the project properties are set identically. The working project was created from scratch and the other comes from code checked out of an svn repository and put into a new project.\nWhat could be the difference?\nedit- Same for os, btw. It's just missing some path somewhere...","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":190,"Q_Id":3057382,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"eclipse stores project data in files like\n\n.project \n.pydevprojct\n.classpath\n\nwith checkin \/ checkout via svn it is possible to lost some of these files\ncheck your dot-files","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,python,eclipse,jython,pydev","A_Id":3119610,"CreationDate":"2010-06-16T21:38:00.000","Title":"Jython project in Eclipse can't find the xml module, but works in an identical project","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to put together a bash or python script to play with the facebook graph API. Using the API looks simple, but I'm having trouble setting up curl in my bash script to call authorize and access_token. Does anyone have a working example?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":72749,"Q_Id":3058723,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"There IS a way to do it, I've found it, but it's a lot of work and will require you to spoof a browser 100% (and you'll likely be breaking their terms of service)\nSorry I can't provide all the details, but the gist of it:\n\nassuming you have a username\/password for a facebook account, go curl for the oauth\/authenticate... page. Extract any cookies returned in the \"Set-Cookie\" header and then follow any \"Location\" headers (compiling cookies along the way).\nscrape the login form, preserving all fields, and submit it (setting the referer and content-type headers, and inserting your email\/pass) same cookie collection from (1) required\nsame as (2) but now you're going to need to POST the approval form acquired after (2) was submitted, set the Referer header with thr URL where the form was acquired.\nfollow the redirects until it sends you back to your site, and get the \"code\" parameter out of that URL\nExchange the code for an access_token at the oauth endpoint\n\nThe main gotchas are cookie management and redirects. Basically, you MUST mimic a browser 100%. I think it's hackery but there is a way, it's just really hard!","Q_Score":41,"Tags":"python,bash,facebook","A_Id":3381527,"CreationDate":"2010-06-17T03:41:00.000","Title":"Programmatically getting an access token for using the Facebook Graph API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The situation I'm in is this - there's a process that's writing to a file, sometimes the file is rather large say 400 - 500MB.  I need to know when it's done writing.  How can I determine this?  If I look in the directory I'll see it there but it might not be done being written. Plus this needs to be done remotely - as in on the same internal LAN but not on the same computer and typically the process that wants to know when the file writing is done is running on a Linux box with a the process that's writing the file and the file itself on a windows box.  No samba isn't an option.  xmlrpc communication to a service on that windows box is an option as well as using snmp to check if that's viable.\nIdeally\n\nWorks on either Linux or Windows - meaning the solution is OS independent. \nWorks for any type of file.\n\nGood enough:\n\nWorks just on windows but can be done through some library or whatever that can be accessed with Python.\nWorks only for PDF files.\n\nCurrent best idea is to periodically open the file in question from some process on the windows box and look at the last bytes checking for the PDF end tag and accounting for the eol differences because the file may have been created on Linux or Windows.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":8480,"Q_Id":3070210,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I ended up resolving it for our situation.  As it turns out the process that was writing the files out had them opened exclusively so all we had to do was try opening them for read access - when denied they were in use.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,windows,linux,pdf,file-io","A_Id":3073958,"CreationDate":"2010-06-18T13:59:00.000","Title":"Need a way to determine if a file is done being written to","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The situation I'm in is this - there's a process that's writing to a file, sometimes the file is rather large say 400 - 500MB.  I need to know when it's done writing.  How can I determine this?  If I look in the directory I'll see it there but it might not be done being written. Plus this needs to be done remotely - as in on the same internal LAN but not on the same computer and typically the process that wants to know when the file writing is done is running on a Linux box with a the process that's writing the file and the file itself on a windows box.  No samba isn't an option.  xmlrpc communication to a service on that windows box is an option as well as using snmp to check if that's viable.\nIdeally\n\nWorks on either Linux or Windows - meaning the solution is OS independent. \nWorks for any type of file.\n\nGood enough:\n\nWorks just on windows but can be done through some library or whatever that can be accessed with Python.\nWorks only for PDF files.\n\nCurrent best idea is to periodically open the file in question from some process on the windows box and look at the last bytes checking for the PDF end tag and accounting for the eol differences because the file may have been created on Linux or Windows.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8480,"Q_Id":3070210,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"There are probably many approaches you can take. I would try to open the file with write access. If that succeeds then no-one else is writing to that file.\nBuild a web service around this concept if you don't have direct access to the file between machines.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,windows,linux,pdf,file-io","A_Id":3070749,"CreationDate":"2010-06-18T13:59:00.000","Title":"Need a way to determine if a file is done being written to","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using PAMIE to control IE to automatically browse to a list of URLs. I want to find which URLs return IE's malware warning and which ones don't. I'm new to PAMIE, and PAMIE's documentation is non-existent or cryptic at best. How can I get a page's content from PAMIE so I can work with it in Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":256,"Q_Id":3073151,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Browsing the CPamie.py file did the trick. Turns out, I didn't even need the page content - PAMIE's findText method lets you match any string on the page. Works great!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pamie","A_Id":3098190,"CreationDate":"2010-06-18T21:17:00.000","Title":"How do I get the page content from PAMIE?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am interested in making an HTTP Banner Grabber, but when i connect to a server on port 80 and i send something (e.g. \"HEAD \/ HTTP\/1.1\") recv doesn't return anything to me like when i do it in let's say netcat..\nHow would i go about this?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2102,"Q_Id":3076263,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Are you sending a \"\\r\\n\\r\\n\" to indicate the end of the request? If you're not, the server's still waiting for the rest of the request.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,netcat","A_Id":3076282,"CreationDate":"2010-06-19T16:27:00.000","Title":"HTTP Banner Grabbing with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"As the question says, what would be the difference between:\nx.getiterator() and x.iter(), where x is an ElementTree or an Element? Cause it seems to work for both, I have tried it.\nIf I am wrong somewhere, correct me please.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1970,"Q_Id":3077010,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"getiterator is the ElementTree standard spelling for this method; iter is an equivalent lxml-only method that will stop your code from working in ElementTree if you need it, and appears to have no redeeming qualities whatsoever except saving you from typing 7 more characters for the method name;-).","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,lxml","A_Id":3077047,"CreationDate":"2010-06-19T19:53:00.000","Title":"What is the difference between getiterator() and iter() wrt to lxml","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a free open-source solution taking raw e-mail message (as a piece of text) and returning each header field, each attachment and the message body as separate fields?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":873,"Q_Id":3078189,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Yes... For each language you pointed out, I've used the one in Python myself.  Try perusing the library documentation for your chosen library.\n(Note: You may be expecting a \"nice\", high-level library for this parsing...  That's a tricky area, email has evolved and grown without much design, there are a lot of dark corners, and API's reflect that).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,php,python,email,parsing","A_Id":3078197,"CreationDate":"2010-06-20T04:15:00.000","Title":"Is there an open-source eMail message (headers, attachments, etc.) parser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking to create an application in Django which will allow for each client to point their domain to my server. At this point, I would want their domain to be accessed via https protocol and have a valid SSL connection. With OpenSSL, more specifically M2Crypto, can I do this right out the gate? Or, do I still need to purchase an SSL cert? Also, if the former is true (can do without purchase), does this mean I need to have a Python-based web server listening on 443 or does this all somehow still work with NGINX, et al?\nAny help is appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":703,"Q_Id":3078487,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You will need a SSL cert, and let the web server handle the HTTPS.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssl,openssl,m2crypto","A_Id":3078518,"CreationDate":"2010-06-20T07:17:00.000","Title":"OpenSSL for HTTPS without a certificate","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I check if a specific ip address or proxy is alive or dead","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4148,"Q_Id":3078704,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"An IP address corresponds to a device. You can't \"connect\" to a device in the general sense. You can connect to services on the device identified by ports. So, you find the ip address and port of the proxy server you're interested in and then try connecting to it using a simple socket.connect. If it connects fine, you can alteast be sure that something is running on that port of that ip address. Then you go ahead and use it and if things are not as you expect, you can make further decisions.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,proxy","A_Id":3078730,"CreationDate":"2010-06-20T09:03:00.000","Title":"how to check if an ip address or proxy is working or not","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I check if a specific ip address or proxy is alive or dead","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4148,"Q_Id":3078704,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Because there may be any level of filtering or translation between you and the remote host, the only way to determine whether you can connect to a specific host is to actually try to connect. If the connection succeeds, then you can, else you can't.\nPinging isn't sufficient because ICMP ECHO requests may be blocked yet TCP connections might go through fine.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,proxy","A_Id":3078719,"CreationDate":"2010-06-20T09:03:00.000","Title":"how to check if an ip address or proxy is working or not","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have to build a tag cloud out of a webpage\/feed. Once you get the word frequency table of tags, it's easy to build the tagcloud. But my doubt is how do I retrieve the tags\/keywords from the webpage\/feed? \nThis is what I'm doing now:\nGet the content -> strip HTML -> split them with \\s\\n\\t(space,newline,tab) -> Keyword list\nBut this does not work great.\nIs there a better way?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":226,"Q_Id":3083784,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What you have is a rough 1st order approximation. I think if you then go back through the data and search for frequency of 2-word phrases, then 3 word phrases, up till the total number of words that can be considered a tag, you'll get a better representation of keyword frequency.\nYou can refine this rough search pattern by specifying certain words that can be contained as part of a phrase (pronouns ect).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,tags,visualization,keyword","A_Id":3250807,"CreationDate":"2010-06-21T10:17:00.000","Title":"How do I get tags\/keywords from a webpage\/feed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This follows my previous questions on using lxml and Python.\nI have a question, as to when I have a choice between using the methods provided by the lxml.etree and where I can make use of XPath, what should I use? \nFor example, to get a list of all the X tags in a XML document, I could either iterate through it using the getiterator() of lxml.etree, or I could write the XPath expression: \/\/x.\nThere may be many more examples, this is just one. Question is, which should when I have a choose and why?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":96,"Q_Id":3084627,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"XPath is usually preferable to an explicit iteration over elements.  XPath is more succinct, and will likely be faster since it is implemented inside the XML engine.\nYou'd want to use an explicit iteration if there were complex criteria that couldn't be expressed easily (or at all) in XPath, or if you needed to visit all the nodes for some other processing anyway, or if you wanted to get rich debugging output.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,lxml","A_Id":3084858,"CreationDate":"2010-06-21T12:34:00.000","Title":"Confused about using XPath or not","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working with selenium.\nwhile trying to click a button it creates a pop up (alert) and doesn\u2019t return a page object.\nBecause of that I can\u2019t use \u201cclick\u201d alone as this method expects a page object and eventually fails because of a timeout.\nI can use the \u201cchooseOkOnNextConfirmation()\u201d but this will click the pop up and i also want to  verify that the pop up actually appeared.\nIs there any method that will click and verify this alert?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3169,"Q_Id":3084850,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"as far as I know you have to use always in alerts\n\nselenium.get_confirmation()\n\nfrom python doc:\nIf an confirmation is generated but you do not consume it with getConfirmation, the next Selenium action will fail.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":3103295,"CreationDate":"2010-06-21T13:01:00.000","Title":"How to click and verify the existence of a pop up (alert)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If Python, if you are developing a system service that communicates with user applications through sockets, and you want to treat sockets connected by different users differently, how would you go about that?\nIf I know that all connecting sockets will be from localhost, is there a way to lookup through the OS (either on windows or linux) which user is making the connection request?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":195,"Q_Id":3105705,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Unfortunately, at this point in time the python libraries don't support the usual SCM_CREDENTIALS method of passing credentials along a Unix socket.\nYou'll need to use an \"ugly\" method as described in another answer to find it.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":3107066,"CreationDate":"2010-06-23T21:30:00.000","Title":"Determine user connecting a local socket with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to filter all outgoing connections through a HTTPS or SOCKS proxy? I have a script that users various apis & calls scripts that use mechanize\/urllib. I'd like to filter every connection through a proxy, setting the proxy in my 'main' script (the one that calls all the apis). Is this possible?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":798,"Q_Id":3115286,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"to use tor with mechanize I use tor+polipo.\nset polipo to use parent proxy socksParentProxy=localhost:9050 at confing file.\nthen use \nbrowser.set_proxies({\"http\": \"localhost:8118\"})\nwhere 8118 is your polipo port.\nso you are using polipo http proxy that uses sock to use tor \nhope it helps :)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,proxies","A_Id":8904814,"CreationDate":"2010-06-25T03:06:00.000","Title":"Python proxy question","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Are there any equivalents in objective-c to the following python urllib2 functions?\nRequest, urlopen, HTTPError, HTTPCookieProRequest, urlopen, HTTPError, HTTPCookieProcessor\nAlso, how would I able to to this and change the method from \"get\" to \"post\"?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":632,"Q_Id":3120430,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"NSMutableHTTPURLRequest, a category of NSMutableURLRequest, is how you set up an HTTP request.  Using that class you will specify a method (GET or POST), headers and a url.\nNSURLConnection is how you open the connection.  You will pass in a request and delegate, and the delegate will receive data, errors and messages related to the connection as they become available.\nNSHTTPCookieStorage is how you manage existing cookies.  There are a number of related classes in the NSHTTPCookie family.\nWith urlopen, you open a connection and read from it.  There is no direct equivalent to that unless you use something lower level like CFReadStreamCreateForHTTPRequest.  In Objective-C everything is passive, where you are notified when events occur on the stream.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,objective-c","A_Id":3120602,"CreationDate":"2010-06-25T18:23:00.000","Title":"Is there an Objective-C equivalent to Python urllib and urllib2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using XMPP in Python, and I can send messages, but how can I receive?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3190,"Q_Id":3121518,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Good post. I notice this code snippet is also in the logger example in xmpppy sourceforge website.\nI wonder if it is possible to reply to incoming messages. The code above only receives and the nickname resource ID does not indicate who the sender is (in terms of JID format, user@server) unless xmpppy can translate that appropriately. So how might one take the received message nd \"echo\" it back to the sender? Or is that not easily possible with the xmpppy library and need to find a different XMPP library?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xmpp,xmpppy","A_Id":3553285,"CreationDate":"2010-06-25T21:17:00.000","Title":"How can I get a response with XMPP client in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a C program and a Python program on the same machine.  The C program generates some data in nested structures. What form of IPC is the best way to get this data across to the python program? \nSerializing in C (especially nested structures) is a real bear, from what I hear, due to lack of serialization libraries.  I am not very familiar with shared memory, but I assume the formatting of the C structures may not be very palatable to the python program when it comes to memory alignment and following pointers.  The ctype and struct library seems to be for non-nested structures only.  So far, what I am thinking is: \nWrap all the data in the C program into some xml or json format, write it via socket to python program and then let python program interpret the xml\/json formatted data.  Looks very cumbersome with lots of overheads. \nAny better ideas ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":766,"Q_Id":3127467,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think you answered your own question. JSON is certainly a good choice. It's also not terribly difficult to do your own serialization in C.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,c,sockets,serialization","A_Id":3127588,"CreationDate":"2010-06-27T13:26:00.000","Title":"Sending binary data over IPC from C to Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If you are parsing html or xml (with python), and looking for certain tags, it can hurt performance to lower or uppercase an entire document so that your comparisons are accurate. What percentage (estimated) of xml and html docs use any upper case characters in their tags?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.3215127375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":3127984,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"XML (and XHTML) tags are case-sensitive ... so <this> and <tHis> would be different elements.\nHowever a lot (rough estimate) of HTML (not XHTML) tags are random-case.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,xml","A_Id":3127997,"CreationDate":"2010-06-27T16:30:00.000","Title":"When matching html or xml tags, should one worry about casing?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If you are parsing html or xml (with python), and looking for certain tags, it can hurt performance to lower or uppercase an entire document so that your comparisons are accurate. What percentage (estimated) of xml and html docs use any upper case characters in their tags?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":3127984,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Only if you're using XHTML as this is case sensitive, whereas HTML is not so you can ignore case differences. Test for the doctype before worrying about checking for case.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,xml","A_Id":3128006,"CreationDate":"2010-06-27T16:30:00.000","Title":"When matching html or xml tags, should one worry about casing?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If you are parsing html or xml (with python), and looking for certain tags, it can hurt performance to lower or uppercase an entire document so that your comparisons are accurate. What percentage (estimated) of xml and html docs use any upper case characters in their tags?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":3127984,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think you're overly concerned about performance. If you're talking about arbitrary web pages, 90% of them will be HTML, not XHTML, so you should do case-insensitive comparisons. Lowercasing a string is extremely fast, and should be less than 1% of the total time of your parser. If you're not sure, carefully time your parser on a document that's already all lowercase, with and without the lowercase conversions.\nEven a pure-Python implementation of lower() would be negligible compared to the rest of the parsing, but it's better than that - CPython implements lower() in C code, so it really is as fast as possible.\nRemember, premature optimization is the root of all evil. Make your program correct first, then make it fast.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,xml","A_Id":3128078,"CreationDate":"2010-06-27T16:30:00.000","Title":"When matching html or xml tags, should one worry about casing?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My Python application makes a lot of HTTP requests using the urllib2 module. This application might be used over very unreliable networks where latencies could be low and dropped packets and network timeouts might be very common. Is is possible to override a part of the urllib2 module so that each request is retried an X number of times before raising any exceptions? Has anyone seen something like this? \nCan i achieve this without modifying my whole application and just creating a wrapper over the urllib2 module. Thus any code making requests using this module automatically gets to use the retry functionality.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6335,"Q_Id":3130923,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Modifying parts of a library is never a good idea.\nYou can write wrappers around the methods you use to fetch data that would provide the desired behavior. Which would be trivial.\nYou can for example define methods with the same names as in urllib2 in your own module called myurllib2. Then just change the imports everywhere you use urllib2","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urllib","A_Id":3131037,"CreationDate":"2010-06-28T08:17:00.000","Title":"Make urllib retry multiple times","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to develop my first python web project. It have multiple tabs (like apple.com have Store, iPhone, iPad etc tabs) and when user click on any tab, the page is served from server.\nI want to make sure that the selected tab will have different background color when page is loaded.\nWhich is a best way to do it? JavaScript\/CSS\/Directly from server? and How?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":149,"Q_Id":3137167,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think the best way would be through CSS. You can handle it by adding the pseudoclass :active to the CSS.\nOther way is serving the page with a new class added to the tab, which will change the background color, but I would not recommend that.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":3137299,"CreationDate":"2010-06-29T00:56:00.000","Title":"Highlight selected Tab - Python webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am already aware of tag based HTML parsing in Python using BeautifulSoup, htmllib etc. \nHowever, I want a powerful engine which can do complex tasks like read html tables, lists etc. and present these as simple to use objects within code. Does python have such powerful libraries?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":921,"Q_Id":3167679,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"BeautifulSoup is a nice library and provides a good way to parse HTML with some handy ways to parse the data very easily. \nWhat you are trying to do, can easily be done using some simple regular expressions. You can write regular expressions to search for a particular pattern of data and extract the data you need.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,html-parsing","A_Id":3167761,"CreationDate":"2010-07-02T17:00:00.000","Title":"Complex HTML parsing with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Where?\nI'm trying google and any of the proxys I've tried worked...\nI'm trying urllib.open with it...\nI don't know if urllib need some special proxy type or something like that...\nThank you\nps: I need some proxies to ping a certain website and not got banned from my ip","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":448,"Q_Id":3169425,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You probably don't even need to use a proxy. The urllib module knows how to contact web servers directly. \nYou may need to use a proxy if you're behind certain kinds of corporate firewalls, but in that case you can't just choose any proxy to use, you have to use the corporate proxy. In such a case, a list of open proxies on Google isn't going to help you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy","A_Id":3169461,"CreationDate":"2010-07-02T22:19:00.000","Title":"Where can I get some proxy list good for use it with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Where?\nI'm trying google and any of the proxys I've tried worked...\nI'm trying urllib.open with it...\nI don't know if urllib need some special proxy type or something like that...\nThank you\nps: I need some proxies to ping a certain website and not got banned from my ip","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":448,"Q_Id":3169425,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try setting up your own proxy and connecting to it...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy","A_Id":3169457,"CreationDate":"2010-07-02T22:19:00.000","Title":"Where can I get some proxy list good for use it with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to python and scrapy . \nI am running the scrapy-ctl.py from another python script using \nsubprocess module.But I want to parse the 'start url' to the spider from \nthis script itself.Is it possible to parse start_urls(which are \ndetermined in the script from which scrapy-ctl is run) to the spider? \nI will be greatful for any suggestions or ideas regarding this....:) \nThanking in advance....","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":179,"Q_Id":3179979,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can override the start_requests() method in your spider to get the starting requests (which, by default, are generated using the urls in the start_urls attribute).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":3186698,"CreationDate":"2010-07-05T13:49:00.000","Title":"how to parse a string to spider from another script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want my Python script to access a URL through an IP specified in the script instead of through the default DNS for the domain. Basically I want the equivalent of adding an entry to my \/etc\/hosts file, but I want the change to apply only to my script instead of globally on the whole server.  Any ideas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":911,"Q_Id":3183617,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Whether this works or not will depend on whether the far end site is using HTTP\/1.1 named-based virtual hosting or not.\nIf they're not, you can simply replace the hostname part of the URL with their IP address, per @Greg's answer.\nIf they are, however, you have to ensure that the correct Host: header is sent as part of the HTTP request.  Without that, a virtual hosting web server won't know which site's content to give you.  Refer to your HTTP client API (Curl?) to see if you can add or change default request headers.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,dns,urllib,hosts","A_Id":3184895,"CreationDate":"2010-07-06T05:08:00.000","Title":"Alternate host\/IP for python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want my Python script to access a URL through an IP specified in the script instead of through the default DNS for the domain. Basically I want the equivalent of adding an entry to my \/etc\/hosts file, but I want the change to apply only to my script instead of globally on the whole server.  Any ideas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":911,"Q_Id":3183617,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use an explicit IP number to connect to a specific machine by embedding that into the URL: http:\/\/127.0.0.1\/index.html is equivalent to http:\/\/localhost\/index.html \nThat said, it isn't a good idea to use IP numbers instead of DNS entries. IPs change a lot more often than DNS entries, meaning your script has a greater chance of breaking if you hard-code the address instead of letting it resolve normally.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,dns,urllib,hosts","A_Id":3183666,"CreationDate":"2010-07-06T05:08:00.000","Title":"Alternate host\/IP for python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to write a firewall in python? Say it would block all traffic?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":31230,"Q_Id":3189138,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I'm sure it's probably possible, but ill-advised.  As mcandre mentions, most OSes couple the low level networking capabilities you need for a firewall tightly into the kernel and thus this task is usually done in C\/C++ and integrates tightly with the kernel.  The microkernel OSes (Mach et al) might be more amenable than linux. You may be able to mix some python and C, but I think the more interesting discussion here is going to be around \"why should I\"\/\"why shouldn't I\" implement a firewall in python as opposed to just is it technically possible.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,firewall","A_Id":3189187,"CreationDate":"2010-07-06T18:34:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to write a firewall in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to write a firewall in python? Say it would block all traffic?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":31230,"Q_Id":3189138,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"\"Yes\" - that's usually the answer to \"is it possible...?\" questions.\nHow difficult and specific implementations are something else entirely. I suppose technically in a don't do this sort of way, if you were hell-bent on making a quick firewall in Python, you could use the socket libraries and open connections to and from yourself on every port. I have no clue how effective that would be, though it seems like it wouldn't be. Of course, if you're simply interested in rolling your own, and doing this as a learning experience, then cool, you have a long road ahead of you and plenty of education.\nOTOH, if you're actually worried about network security there are tons of other products out there that you can use, from iptables on *nix, to ZoneAlarm on windows. Plenty of them are both free and secure so there's really no reason to roll your own except on an \"I want to learn\" basis.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,firewall","A_Id":3189232,"CreationDate":"2010-07-06T18:34:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to write a firewall in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to write a firewall in python? Say it would block all traffic?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":31230,"Q_Id":3189138,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I'm sure in theory you could achieve what you want, but I believe in practice your idea is not doable (if you wonder why, it's because it's too hard to \"interface\" a high level language with the low level kernel).\nWhat you could do instead is some Python tool that controls the firewall of the operating system so you could add rules, delete , etc. (in a similar way to what iptables does in Linux).","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,firewall","A_Id":3189540,"CreationDate":"2010-07-06T18:34:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to write a firewall in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to write a firewall in python? Say it would block all traffic?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":31230,"Q_Id":3189138,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Interesting thread.  I stumbled on it looking for Python NFQUEUE examples.\nMy take is you could create a great firewall in python and use the kernel.\nE.g.\nAdd a linux fw rule through IP tables that forward sys packets (the first) to NFQUEUE for python FW to decide what to do.\nIf you like it mark the tcp stream\/flow with a FW mark using NFQUEUE and then have an iptables rule that just allows all traffic streams with the mark.\nThis way you can have a powerful high-level python program deciding to allow or deny traffic, and the speed of the kernel to forward all other packets in the same flow.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,firewall","A_Id":15045900,"CreationDate":"2010-07-06T18:34:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to write a firewall in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need an advice. What python framework I can use to develop a SOAP web service? I know about SOAPpy and ZSI but that libraries aren't under active development. Is there something better?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1428,"Q_Id":3195437,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If library is not under active development, then there are two options: it was abandoned, it has no errors anymore.\nWhy are you looking something else? Did you test these two?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,soap","A_Id":3195467,"CreationDate":"2010-07-07T13:55:00.000","Title":"Python framework for SOAP web services","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to open a page using urllib2 but i keep getting connection timed out errors.\nThe line which i  am using is: \nf = urllib2.urlopen(url) \nexact error is:\nURLError: <urlopen error [Errno 110] Connection timed out>","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17707,"Q_Id":3197299,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As a general strategy, open wireshark and watch the traffic generated by urllib2.urlopen(url). You may be able to see where the error is coming from.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":3410537,"CreationDate":"2010-07-07T17:30:00.000","Title":"urllib2 connection timed out error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to integrate a web site written in Python (using Pylons) with an existing SAML based authentication service.  From reading about SAML, I believe that the IdP (which already exists in this scenario) will send an XML document (via browser post) to the Service Provider (which I am implementing).  The Service Provider will need to parse this XML and verify the identity of the user.\nAre there any existing Python libraries that implement this functionality?\nThank you,","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3557,"Q_Id":3198104,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I know you are looking for a Python based solution but there are quite a few \"server\" based solutions that would potentially solve your problem as well and require few ongoing code maintenance issues. \nFor example, using the Apache or IIS Integration kits in conjunction with the PingFederate server from www.pingidentity.com would allow you to pretty quickly and easily support SAML 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, WS-Fed and OpenID for your SP Application.\nHope this helps","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,authentication,saml,single-sign-on","A_Id":3255786,"CreationDate":"2010-07-07T19:23:00.000","Title":"Implementing a SAML client in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"To give a little background, I'm writing (or am going to write) a daemon in Python for scheduling tasks to run at user-specified dates. The scheduler daemon also needs to have a JSON-based HTTP web service interface (buzzword mania, I know) for adding tasks to the queue and monitoring the scheduler's status. The interface needs to receive requests while the daemon is running, so they either need to run in a separate thread or cooperatively multitask somehow. Ideally the web service interface should run in the same process as the daemon, too.\nI could think of a few ways to do it, but I'm wondering if there's some obvious module out there that's specifically tailored for this kind of thing. Any suggestions about what to use, or about the project in general are quite welcome. Thanks! :)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":400,"Q_Id":3201446,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Don't re-invent the bicycle!\nRun jobs via cron script, and create a separate web interface using, for example, Django or Tornado.\nConnect them via a database. Even sqlite will do the job if you don't want to scale on more machines.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-services","A_Id":3201519,"CreationDate":"2010-07-08T07:26:00.000","Title":"what's a good module for writing an http web service interface for a daemon?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"To give a little background, I'm writing (or am going to write) a daemon in Python for scheduling tasks to run at user-specified dates. The scheduler daemon also needs to have a JSON-based HTTP web service interface (buzzword mania, I know) for adding tasks to the queue and monitoring the scheduler's status. The interface needs to receive requests while the daemon is running, so they either need to run in a separate thread or cooperatively multitask somehow. Ideally the web service interface should run in the same process as the daemon, too.\nI could think of a few ways to do it, but I'm wondering if there's some obvious module out there that's specifically tailored for this kind of thing. Any suggestions about what to use, or about the project in general are quite welcome. Thanks! :)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":400,"Q_Id":3201446,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I believed all kinds of python web framework is useful.\nYou can pick up one like CherryPy, which is small enough to integrate into your system. Also CherryPy includes a pure python WSGI server for production. \nAlso the performance may not be as good as apache, but it's already very stable.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-services","A_Id":3201631,"CreationDate":"2010-07-08T07:26:00.000","Title":"what's a good module for writing an http web service interface for a daemon?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been using BeautifulSoup but as I understand it that library is no longer being maintained. So what should I use ? I have heard about Xpath but what else is there ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":653,"Q_Id":3244335,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well, if you're not duty-bound to python, you could always use a TagSoup parser.  It's a Java library, but it gives very good results.  You could also just use Tidy to clean your input before trying to parse it.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,parsing","A_Id":3244345,"CreationDate":"2010-07-14T08:05:00.000","Title":"No more BeautifulSoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My application has a xml based configuration. It has also a xsd file. Before my application starts, xmllint will check the configuration against the xsd file. \nWith the growth of my application, the configuration structure has changed a bit. Now I have to face this problem: When I provide a new version of my application to customer, I have to upgrade the existing configuration. \nHow to make this done easy and clever?\nMy idea is to build a configuration object using python, and then read configuration v1 from file and save it as v2. But if later the structure is changed again, I have to build another configuration object model.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":102,"Q_Id":3247516,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For all configuration settings that remain the same between configurations, have your installation script copy those over from the old config file if it exists. For the rest, just have some defaults that the user can change if necessary, as usual for a config file. Unless I've misunderstood the question, it sounds like you're making a bigger deal out of this than it needs to be.\nBy the way, you'd really only need one \"updater\" script, because you could parametrize the XML tagging such that it go through your new config file\/config layout file, and then just check the tags in the old file against that and copy the data from the ones that are present in the new file. I haven't worked with XSD files before, so I don't know the specifics of working with them, but I don't think it should be that difficult.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,configuration,xsd,upgrade","A_Id":3247629,"CreationDate":"2010-07-14T15:06:00.000","Title":"Approach to upgrade application configuration","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Some web pages, having their urls, have \"Download\" Text, which are hyperlinks.\nHow can I get the hyperlinks form the urls\/pages by python or ironpython.\nAnd can I download the files with these hyperlinks by python or ironpython?\nHow can I do that?\nAre there any C# tools?\nI am not native english speaker, so sorry for my english.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":210,"Q_Id":3261198,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The easiest way would be to pass the HTML page into an XML\/HTML parser, and then call getElementsByTagName(\"A\") on the root node.  Once you get that, iterate through the list and pull out the href parameter.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c#,python,ironpython","A_Id":3261217,"CreationDate":"2010-07-16T00:56:00.000","Title":"How can I download files form web pages?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How do i check if the page has pending AJAX or HTTP GET\/POST requests? I use javascript and\/or python for this checking. \nwhat i wanted to do is execute a script if a page has finished all requests. onload doesn't work for me, if you used firebugs net panel, you would know. onload fires when the page is loaded but there is a possibility that there are still pending request hanging around somewhere.\nthank you in advance.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25834,"Q_Id":3262473,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You would need to keep track of each XMLHttpRequest and monitor whether it completes or the asynchronous callback is executed.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"javascript,python,html","A_Id":3262533,"CreationDate":"2010-07-16T06:38:00.000","Title":"Check Pending AJAX requests or HTTP GET\/POST request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How do i check if the page has pending AJAX or HTTP GET\/POST requests? I use javascript and\/or python for this checking. \nwhat i wanted to do is execute a script if a page has finished all requests. onload doesn't work for me, if you used firebugs net panel, you would know. onload fires when the page is loaded but there is a possibility that there are still pending request hanging around somewhere.\nthank you in advance.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25834,"Q_Id":3262473,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I see you mention you are using Prototype.js. You can track active requests with Prototype by checking the Ajax.activeRequestCount value. You could check this using setTimeout or setInterval to make sure that any requests triggered on page load have completed (if that's what you're looking to do)","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"javascript,python,html","A_Id":3263704,"CreationDate":"2010-07-16T06:38:00.000","Title":"Check Pending AJAX requests or HTTP GET\/POST request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm running complex tests that create many cookies for different sections of my web site.\nOccasionally I have to restart the browser in the middle a long test and since the Selenium server doesn't modify the base Firefox profile, the cookies evaporate.\nIs there any way I can save all of the cookies to a Python variable before terminating the browser and restore them after starting a new browser instance?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1991,"Q_Id":3265062,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, sure. Look at getCookie, getCookieByName and createCookie methods.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,cookies,selenium,selenium-rc","A_Id":3314427,"CreationDate":"2010-07-16T13:02:00.000","Title":"How to save and restore all cookies with Selenium RC?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to invoke my chrome or firefox browser when a file that I specify is modified. How could I \"watch\" that file to do something when it gets modified?\nProgrammatically it seems the steps are.. basically set a never ending interval every second or so and cache the initial modification date, then compare the date every second, when it changes invoke X.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0855049882,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":27121,"Q_Id":3274334,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Install inotify-tools and write a simple shell script to watch a file.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,linux","A_Id":3274680,"CreationDate":"2010-07-18T04:39:00.000","Title":"How can I \"watch\" a file for modification \/ change?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to python programming, and want to try to edit scripts in IDLE instead of the OSX command line. However, when I try to start it, it gives me the error \"Idle Subprocess didn't make a connection. Either Idle can't start a subprocess or personal firewall software is blocking the connection.\" I don't have a firewall configured, so what could the problem be?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13342,"Q_Id":3277946,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can try running IDLE with the \"-n\" option.  From the IDLE help:\n\nRunning without a subprocess:\n\n    If IDLE is started with the -n command line switch it will run in a\n    single process and will not create the subprocess which runs the RPC\n    Python execution server.  This can be useful if Python cannot create\n    the subprocess or the RPC socket interface on your platform.  However,\n    in this mode user code is not isolated from IDLE itself.  Also, the\n    environment is not restarted when Run\/Run Module (F5) is selected.  If\n    your code has been modified, you must reload() the affected modules and\n    re-import any specific items (e.g. from foo import baz) if the changes\n    are to take effect.  For these reasons, it is preferable to run IDLE\n    with the default subprocess if at all possible.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,macos,subprocess","A_Id":3277996,"CreationDate":"2010-07-19T01:27:00.000","Title":"No IDLE Subprocess connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to make a python script that tests the bandwidth of a connection. I am thinking of downloading\/uploading a file of a known size using urllib2, and measuring the time it takes to perform this task. I would also like to measure the delay to a given IP address, such as is given by pinging the IP. Is this possible using urllib2?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1534,"Q_Id":3280391,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could download an empty file to measure the delay. You measure more the only the network delay, but the difference should be too big I expect.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,urllib2,bandwidth","A_Id":3280448,"CreationDate":"2010-07-19T10:52:00.000","Title":"Bandwidth test, delay test using urllib2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"On a linux box I've got a python script that's always started from predefined user. It may take a while for it to finish so I want to allow other users to stop it from the web.\nUsing kill fails with Operation not permitted. \nCan I somehow modify my long running python script so that it'll recive a signal from another user? Obviously, that another user is the one that starts a web server.\nMay be there's entirely different way to approach this problem I can't think of right now.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":332,"Q_Id":3281107,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you do not want to execute the kill command with the correct permissions, you can send any other signal to the other script. It is then the other scripts' responsibility to terminate. You cannot force it, unless you have the permissions to do so.  \nThis can happen with a network connection, or a 'kill' file whose existence is checked by the other script, or anything else the script is able to listen to.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,linux,signals,kill","A_Id":3281123,"CreationDate":"2010-07-19T12:46:00.000","Title":"terminate script of another user","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"On a linux box I've got a python script that's always started from predefined user. It may take a while for it to finish so I want to allow other users to stop it from the web.\nUsing kill fails with Operation not permitted. \nCan I somehow modify my long running python script so that it'll recive a signal from another user? Obviously, that another user is the one that starts a web server.\nMay be there's entirely different way to approach this problem I can't think of right now.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":332,"Q_Id":3281107,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Off the top of my head, one solution would be threading the script and waiting for a kill signal via some form or another. Or rather than threading, you could have a file that the script checks every N times through a loop - then you just write a kill signal to that file (which of course has write permissions by the web user).\nI'm not terribly familiar with kill, other than killing my own scripts, so there may be a better solution.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,linux,signals,kill","A_Id":3281132,"CreationDate":"2010-07-19T12:46:00.000","Title":"terminate script of another user","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"On a linux box I've got a python script that's always started from predefined user. It may take a while for it to finish so I want to allow other users to stop it from the web.\nUsing kill fails with Operation not permitted. \nCan I somehow modify my long running python script so that it'll recive a signal from another user? Obviously, that another user is the one that starts a web server.\nMay be there's entirely different way to approach this problem I can't think of right now.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":332,"Q_Id":3281107,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could use sudo to perform the kill command as root, but that is horrible practice.\nHow about having the long-running script check some condition every x seconds, for example the existence of a file like \/tmp\/stop-xyz.txt? If that file is found, the script terminates itself immediately.  \n(Or any other means of inter-process communication - it doesn't matter.)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,linux,signals,kill","A_Id":3281121,"CreationDate":"2010-07-19T12:46:00.000","Title":"terminate script of another user","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a application, and my job just is  to develop a sample Python interface for the application. The application can provide XML-based document, I can get the document via HTTP Get method, but the problem is the XML-based document is endless which means there will be no end element. I know that the document should be handled by SAX, but how to deal with the endless problem? Any idea, sample code?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1933,"Q_Id":3284289,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the document is endless why not add end tag (of main element) manually before opening it in parser? I don't know Python but why not add <\/endtag> to string?","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":3284880,"CreationDate":"2010-07-19T19:24:00.000","Title":"python handle endless XML","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is my first questions here, so I hope it will be done correctly ;)\nI've been assigned the task to give a web interface to some \"home made\" python script.\nThis script is used to check some web sites\/applications availability, via curl commands. A very important aspect of this script is that it gives its results in real-time, writing line by line to the standard output.\nBy giving a web interface to this script, the main goal is that the script can be easily used from anywhere, for example via a smartphone. So the web interface must be quite basic, and work \"plugin-free\".\nMy problem is that most solutions I thought or found on the web (ajax, django, even a simple post) seem to be needing a full generation of the page before sending it to the browser, losing this important \"real-time\" aspect.\nAny idea on how to do this properly ?\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3095,"Q_Id":3289584,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your task sounds interesting. :-) A scenario that just came into mind: You continuosly scrape the resources with your home-brew scripts, and push the results into your persistent database and a caching system -- like Redis -- simultanously. Your caching system\/layer serves as primary data source when serving client requests. Redis f.e. is a high-performant key-value-store that is capable to handle 100k connections per second. Though only the n latest (say f.e. 50k entries) matter the caching system will only hold these entries and let you solely focus on developing the server-side API (handling connections, processing requests, reading from Redis) and the frontend. The communication between frontend and backend-API could be driven by WebSocket connections. A pretty new part of the HTML5 spec. Though, however, already supported by many browser versions released these days. Alternatively you could fallback on some asynchronous Flash Socket-stuff. Websockets basically allow for persistent connections between a client and a server; you can register event listener that are called for every incoming data\/-packet -- no endless polling or other stuff.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python","A_Id":3289731,"CreationDate":"2010-07-20T11:50:00.000","Title":"Web-ifing a python command line script?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to use Python 2.4.4 to convert XML to and from a Python dictionary. All I need are the node names and values, I'm not worried about attributes because the XML I'm parsing doesn't have any. I can't use ElementTree because that isn't available for 2.4.4, and I can't use 3rd party libraries due to my work environment. What's the easiest way for me to do this? Are there any good snippets?\nAlso, if there isn't an easy way to do this, are there any alternative serialization formats that Python 2.4.4 has native support for?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24276,"Q_Id":3292973,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Grey's link includes some solutions that look pretty robust.  If you want to roll your own though, you could use xml.dom.node's childNode member recursively, terminating when node.childNode = None.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,xml,serialization,xml-serialization,python-2.4","A_Id":3294357,"CreationDate":"2010-07-20T18:11:00.000","Title":"XML to\/from a Python dictionary","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I put my Mac to sleep while an interactive Python session with a selenium instance and corresponding browser is running, after waking up the browser (or selenium server?) are no longer responding to any commands from the Python shell.\nThis forces me to restart the browser, losing the state of my test.\nIs there a way to overcome this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":429,"Q_Id":3293788,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You might be able to make this work by setting ridiculously large timeout values on your Selenium commands.  But, you may still run into a problem where MacOS X kills the network connection when it goes to sleep.  Once the connection is severed, you're only real option would be to grab the test session ID and try to reconnect to it, providing Selenium hasn't time the commands out yet.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,macos,selenium,selenium-rc","A_Id":4579133,"CreationDate":"2010-07-20T19:50:00.000","Title":"How to resume a Selenium RC test after a computer sleep?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing an online browser game, based on google maps, with Django backend, and I am getting close to the point where I need to make a decision on how to implement the (backend) timed events - i.e. NPC possession quantity raising (e.g. city population should grow based on some variables - city size, application speed).\nThe possible solutions I found are:\n\nPutting the queued actions in a table and processing them along with every request.\n\nProblems: huge overhead, harder to implement\n\n\nUsing cron or something similar\n\nProblem: this is an external tool, and I want as little external tools as possible.\n\n\n\nAny other solutions?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":770,"Q_Id":3294682,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Running a scheduled task to perform updates in your game, at any interval, will give you a spike of heavy database use. If your game logic relies on all of those database values to be up to date at the same time (which is very likely, if you're running an interval based update), you'll have to have scheduled downtime for as long as that cronjob is running. When that time becomes longer, as your player base grows, this becomes extremely annoying.\nIf you're trying to reduce database overhead, you should store values with their last update time and growth rates, and only update those rows when the quantity or rate of growth changes. \nFor example, a stash of gold, that grows at 5 gold per minute, only updates when a player withdraws gold from it. When you need to know the current amount, it is calculated based on the last update time, the current time, the amount stored at the last update, and the rate of growth.\nData that changes over time, without requiring interaction, does not belong in the database. It belongs in the logic end of your game. When a player performs an activity you need to remember, or a calculation becomes too cumbersome to generate again, that's when you store it.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,django,cron","A_Id":3294995,"CreationDate":"2010-07-20T21:50:00.000","Title":"Browser-based MMO best-practice","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I developed a system that consists of software and hardware interaction. Basically its a transaction system where the transaction details are encrypted on a PCI device then returned back to my web based system where it is stored in a DB then displayed using javascript\/extjs in the browser. How I do this now is the following:\nTransaction encoding process\n1.The user selects a transaction from a grid and presses \"encode\" button,extjs\/js then sends the string to PHP where it is formatted and inserted into requests[incoming_request]. At this stage I start a extjs taskmanager to do interval checks on the requests[response] column for a result, and I display a \"please wait...\" message.\n2.I have created a python daemon service that monitors the requests table for any transactions to encode.The python daemon then picks up any requests[incoming_request] then encodes the request and stores the result in requests[response] table.\n3.The extjs taskmanager then picks up the requests[response] for the transaction and displays it to the user and then removes the \"please wait...\" message and terminates the taskmanager.\nNow my question is: Is there a better way of doing this encryption process by using 3rd party Messaging and Queuing middleware systems? If so please help.\nThank You!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":362,"Q_Id":3297110,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would change it this way:\n\nmake PHP block and wait until Python daemon finishes processing the transaction\nincrease the timeout in the Ext.data.Connection() so it would wait until PHP responds\nremove the Ext.MessageBox and handle possible errors in the callback handler in Ext.data.Connection()\n\nI.e. instead of waiting for the transaction to complete in JavaScript (which requires several calls to the webserver) you are now waiting in PHP.\nThis is assuming you are using Ext.data.Connection() to call the PHP handler - if any other Ext object is used the principle is the same but the timeout setting \/ completion handling would differ.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,javascript,python,ajax,extjs","A_Id":3309648,"CreationDate":"2010-07-21T07:34:00.000","Title":"I need help with messaging and queuing middleware systems for extjs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"When would someone use httplib and when urllib?\nWhat are the differences?\nI think I ready urllib uses httplib, I am planning to make an app that will need to make http request and so far I only used httplib.HTTPConnection in python for requests, and reading about urllib I see I can use that for request too, so whats the benefit of one or the other?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":42140,"Q_Id":3305250,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"urllib\/urllib2 is built on top of httplib.  It offers more features than writing to httplib directly.\nhowever, httplib gives you finer control over the underlying connections.","Q_Score":56,"Tags":"python,http,urllib,httplib","A_Id":3305508,"CreationDate":"2010-07-22T01:58:00.000","Title":"Python urllib vs httplib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When would someone use httplib and when urllib?\nWhat are the differences?\nI think I ready urllib uses httplib, I am planning to make an app that will need to make http request and so far I only used httplib.HTTPConnection in python for requests, and reading about urllib I see I can use that for request too, so whats the benefit of one or the other?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":42140,"Q_Id":3305250,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"If you're dealing solely with http\/https and need access to HTTP specific stuff, use httplib.\nFor all other cases, use urllib2.","Q_Score":56,"Tags":"python,http,urllib,httplib","A_Id":3305339,"CreationDate":"2010-07-22T01:58:00.000","Title":"Python urllib vs httplib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When would someone use httplib and when urllib?\nWhat are the differences?\nI think I ready urllib uses httplib, I am planning to make an app that will need to make http request and so far I only used httplib.HTTPConnection in python for requests, and reading about urllib I see I can use that for request too, so whats the benefit of one or the other?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":42140,"Q_Id":3305250,"Users Score":46,"Answer":"urllib (particularly urllib2) handles many things by default or has appropriate libs to do so. For example, urllib2 will follow redirects automatically and you can use cookiejar to handle login scripts. These are all things you'd have to code yourself if you were using httplib.","Q_Score":56,"Tags":"python,http,urllib,httplib","A_Id":3305261,"CreationDate":"2010-07-22T01:58:00.000","Title":"Python urllib vs httplib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i am using google app engine for fetching the feed url bur few of the urls are 301 redirect i want to get the final url which returns me the result\ni am usign the universal feed reader for parsing the url is there any way or any function which can give me the final url.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1704,"Q_Id":3309695,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"It is not possible to get the 'final' URL by parsing, in order to resolve it, you would need to at least perform an HTTP HEAD operation","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,feedparser","A_Id":3309766,"CreationDate":"2010-07-22T14:05:00.000","Title":"how to get final redirected url","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i am using google app engine for fetching the feed url bur few of the urls are 301 redirect i want to get the final url which returns me the result\ni am usign the universal feed reader for parsing the url is there any way or any function which can give me the final url.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1704,"Q_Id":3309695,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can do this by handling redirects manually. When calling fetch, pass in follow_redirects=False. If your response object's HTTP status is a redirect code, either 301 or 302, grab the Location response header and fetch again until the HTTP status is something else. Add a sanity check (perhaps 5 redirects max) to avoid redirect loops.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,feedparser","A_Id":3309853,"CreationDate":"2010-07-22T14:05:00.000","Title":"how to get final redirected url","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The big mission: I am trying to get a few lines of summary of a webpage. i.e. I want to have a function that takes a URL and returns the most informative paragraph from that page. (Which would usually be the first paragraph of actual content text, in contrast to \"junk text\", like the navigation bar.)\nSo I managed to reduce an HTML page to a bunch of text by cutting out the tags, throwing out the <HEAD> and all the scripts. But some of the text is still \"junk text\". I want to know where the actual paragraphs of text begin. (Ideally it should be human-language-agnostic, but if you have a solution only for English, that might help too.)\nHow can I figure out which of the text is \"junk text\" and which is actual content?\nUPDATE: I see some people have pointed me to use an HTML parsing library. I am using Beautiful Soup. My problem isn't parsing HTML; I already got rid of all the HTML tags, I just have a bunch of text and I want to separate the context text from the junk text.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2958,"Q_Id":3325817,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"A general solution to this problem is a non-trivial problem to solve.\nTo put this in context, a large part of Google's success with search has come from their ability to automatically discern some semantic meaning from arbitrary Web pages, namely figuring out where the \"content\" is.\nOne idea that springs to mind is if you can crawl many pages from the same site then you will be able to identify patterns. Menu markup will be largely the same between all pages. If you zero this out somehow (and it will need to fairly \"fuzzy\") what's left is the content.\nThe next step would be to identify the text and what constitutes a boundary. Ideally that would be some HTML paragraphs but you won't get that lucky most of the time.\nA better approach might be to find the RSS feeds for the site and get the content that way because that will be stripped down as is. Ignore any AdSense (or similar) content and you should be able to get the text.\nOh and absolutely throw out your regex code for this. This requires an HTML parser absolutely without question.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,html,text,screen-scraping","A_Id":3325874,"CreationDate":"2010-07-24T16:15:00.000","Title":"Python: Detecting the actual text paragraphs in a string","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm learning Python and would like to start a small project. It seems that making IRC bots is a popular project amongst beginners so I thought I would implement one. Obviously, there are core functionalities like being able to connect to a server and join a channel but what are some good functionalities that are usually included in the bots? Thanks for your ideas.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3546,"Q_Id":3328315,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Again, this is an utterly personal suggestion, but I would really like to see eggdrop rewritten in Python.\nSuch a project could use Twisted to provide the base IRC interaction, but would then need to support add-on scripts.\nThis would be great for allowing easy IRC bot functionality to be built upon using python, instead of TCL, scripts.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,irc","A_Id":3329252,"CreationDate":"2010-07-25T06:40:00.000","Title":"IRC bot functionalities","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm learning Python and would like to start a small project. It seems that making IRC bots is a popular project amongst beginners so I thought I would implement one. Obviously, there are core functionalities like being able to connect to a server and join a channel but what are some good functionalities that are usually included in the bots? Thanks for your ideas.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3546,"Q_Id":3328315,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"That is very subjective and totally depends upon where the bot will be used. I'm sure others will have nice suggestions. But whatever you do, please do not query users arbitrarily. And do not spam the main chat periodically.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,irc","A_Id":3328343,"CreationDate":"2010-07-25T06:40:00.000","Title":"IRC bot functionalities","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm learning Python and would like to start a small project. It seems that making IRC bots is a popular project amongst beginners so I thought I would implement one. Obviously, there are core functionalities like being able to connect to a server and join a channel but what are some good functionalities that are usually included in the bots? Thanks for your ideas.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3546,"Q_Id":3328315,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm also in the process of writing a bot in node.js. Here are some of my goals\/functions:\n\nmap '@' command so the bot detects the last URI in message history and uses the w3 html validation service\nsetup a trivia game by invoking !ask, asks a question with 3 hints, have the ability to load custom questions based on category\nget the weather with weather [zip\/name]\nhook up jseval command to evaluate javascript, same for python and perl and haskell\nseen command that reports the last time the bot has \"seen\" a person online\ntranslate command to translate X language string to Y language string\nmap dict to a dictionary service\nmap wik to wiki service","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,irc","A_Id":3328322,"CreationDate":"2010-07-25T06:40:00.000","Title":"IRC bot functionalities","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm learning Python and would like to start a small project. It seems that making IRC bots is a popular project amongst beginners so I thought I would implement one. Obviously, there are core functionalities like being able to connect to a server and join a channel but what are some good functionalities that are usually included in the bots? Thanks for your ideas.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3546,"Q_Id":3328315,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Make a google search to get a library that implements IRC protocol for you. That way you only need to add the features, those are already something enough to bother you.\nCommon functions:\n\nConduct a search from a wiki or google\nNotify people on project\/issue updates\nLeave a message\nToy for spamming the channel\nPick a topic\nCategorize messages\nSearch from channel logs","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,irc","A_Id":3328376,"CreationDate":"2010-07-25T06:40:00.000","Title":"IRC bot functionalities","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Suppose I downloaded the HTML code, and I can parse it.\nHow do I get the \"best\" description of that website, if that website does not have meta-description tag?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":519,"Q_Id":3332494,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It's very hard to come up with a rule that works 100% of the time, obviously, but my suggestion as a starting point would be to look for the first <h1> tag (or <h2>, <h3>, etc - the highest one you can find) then the bit of text after that can be used as the description. As long as the site is semantically marked-up, that should give you a good description (I guess you could also take the contents of the <h1> itself, but that's more like the \"title\").\nIt's interesting to note that Google (for example) uses a keyword-specific extract of the page contents to display as the description, rather than a static description. Not sure if that'll work for your situation, though.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,html,string,templates,parsing","A_Id":3332528,"CreationDate":"2010-07-26T05:59:00.000","Title":"What's the best way to get a description of the website, in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Hi i need to parse xml file which is more then 1 mb in size, i know GAE can handle request and response up to 10 MB but as we need to use SAX parser API and API GAE has limit of 1 MB so is there way we can parse file more then 1 mb any ways.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":485,"Q_Id":3332897,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The 1MB limit doesn't apply to parsing; however, you can't fetch more than 1MB from URLfetch; you'll only get the first 1MB from the API.\nIt's probably not going to be possible to get the XML into your application using the URLfetch API.  If the data is smaller than 10MB, you can arrange for an external process to POST it to your application and then process it.  If it's between 10MB and 2GB, you'd need to use the Blobstore API to upload it, read it in to your application in 1MB chunks, and process the concatenation of those chunks.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,parsing","A_Id":3334425,"CreationDate":"2010-07-26T07:14:00.000","Title":"Google app engine parsing xml more then 1 mb","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I use python ftplib to connect to a ftp server which is running on active mode; That means the server will connect my client machine on a random port when data is sent between us.\nConsidering security issue, Can I specify the client's data port (or port range) and let the server connect the certain port? \nMany Thanks for your response.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1268,"Q_Id":3333929,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"Since Python 3.3, ftplib functions that establish connections take a source_addr argument that allows you to do exactly this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,ftplib","A_Id":68453582,"CreationDate":"2010-07-26T10:16:00.000","Title":"How can I specify the client's data port for a ftp server in active mode?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using long polling for a chat with gevent. I'm using Event.wait() when waiting for new messages to be posted on the chat.\n\nI would like to handle the occasion a client disconnects with some functionality:\ne.g. Return \"client has disconnected\" as a message for other chat users\n\nIs this possible? =)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1701,"Q_Id":3334777,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This depends on which WSGI server you use. AFAIK gevent.wsgi will not notify your handler in any way when the client closes the connection, because libevent-http does not do that. However, with gevent.pywsgi it should be possible. You'll probably need to start an additional greenlet to monitor the socket condition and somehow notify the greenlet that runs the handler, e.g. by killing it. I could be missing an easier way to do this though.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,django,long-polling,gevent","A_Id":3338935,"CreationDate":"2010-07-26T12:31:00.000","Title":"Capturing event of client disconnecting! - Gevent\/Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I have a simple socket server on an android emulator. When I'm only sending data to it, it works just fine. But then if I want to echo that data back to the python script, it doesn't work at all. Here's the code that works:\nandroid:\n\n\n\ntry {\n                serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);\n            } catch (IOException e1) {\n                \/\/ TODO Auto-generated catch block\n                e1.printStackTrace();\n            }\n\n\n            while (checkingForClients) {\n\n                try {\n                    clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();\n\n                    out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);\n                    in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(\n                            clientSocket.getInputStream()));\n\n                    line = null;\n                    while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {\n                        Log.d(\"ServerActivity\", line);\n\n                        \/* THIS IS THE LINE THAT DOESN'T WORK*\/\n                        \/\/out.println(line);\n                        handler.post(new Runnable() {\n                            @Override\n                            public void run() {\n\n                                if(incomingData == null){\n                                    Log.e(\"Socket Thingey\", \"Null Error\");\n                                }\n                                \/\/out.println(line);\n\n                                incomingData.setText(\"Testing\");\n\n                                incomingData.setText(line);\n\n\n                            }\n                        });\n\n                    }\n\n                } catch (IOException e) {\n                    \/\/ TODO Auto-generated catch block\n                    e.printStackTrace();\n                }\n\n\n\npython:\n\n\n\nimport socket \n\nhost = 'localhost' \nport = 5000\nsize = 1024 \ns = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) \ns.connect((host,port)) \ns.send('Hello, World!') \n# data = s.recv(size) THIS LINE CAUSES PROBLEMS\ns.close() \nprint 'Received:' , data\n\n\n\nSo there are 2 commented lines. Without those lines, it works perfectly. But if I add in s.recv(size) in python it just freezes and I assume waits for the received data. But the problem is that the android code never gets the sent data. So I have no idea what to do.\nKeep in mind I'm new to python and to sockets.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2058,"Q_Id":3339971,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The Android code is reading lines, so you need probably to send a \\n or possibly \\r\\n at the end of your Python send string.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,android,sockets","A_Id":8259497,"CreationDate":"2010-07-27T00:39:00.000","Title":"python receiving from a socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to download an image file from potentially 5 sites.\nMeaning that if the image wasn't found in site#1, try site#2, etc.\nHow can I test if the file was downloaded?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":153,"Q_Id":3340152,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can call getcode() on the object you get back from urlopen().\ngetcode() gives you the HTTP status response from the server, so you can test to see if you got an HTTP 200 response, which would mean the download was successful.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,urllib","A_Id":3340185,"CreationDate":"2010-07-27T01:28:00.000","Title":"When download an image, does urllib have a return code if it's successful or not?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can I ask for few question in one post to XML-RPC server?\nIf yes, how can I do it in python and xmlrpclib?\nI'm using XML-RPC server on slow connection, so I would like to call few functions at once, because each call costs me 700ms.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":231,"Q_Id":3343082,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Whether or not possible support of multicall makes any difference to you depends on where the 700ms is going.\nHow did you measure your 700ms?\nRun a packet capture of a query and analyse the results. It should be possible to infer roughly round-trip-time, bandwidth constraints, whether it's the application layer of the server or even the name resolution of your client machine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,soap,xml-rpc,xmlrpclib","A_Id":3343497,"CreationDate":"2010-07-27T11:25:00.000","Title":"Does XML-RPC in general allows to call few functions at once?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"how and with which python library is it possible to make an httprequest (https) with a user:password or a token?\nbasically the equivalent to curl -u user:pwd https:\/\/www.mysite.com\/\nthank you","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2459,"Q_Id":3355822,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"class urllib2.HTTPSHandler \nA class to handle opening of HTTPS URLs.\n21.6.7. HTTPPasswordMgr Objects\nThese methods are available on HTTPPasswordMgr and HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm objects.\nHTTPPasswordMgr.add_password(realm, uri, user, passwd) \nuri can be either a single URI, or a sequence of URIs. realm, user and passwd must be strings. This causes (user, passwd) to be used as authentication tokens when authentication for realm and a super-URI of any of the given URIs is given.\nHTTPPasswordMgr.find_user_password(realm, authuri) \nGet user\/password for given realm and URI, if any. This method will return (None, None) if there is no matching user\/password.\nFor HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm objects, the realm None will be searched if the given realm has no matching user\/password.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,authentication,httprequest,token","A_Id":3355925,"CreationDate":"2010-07-28T17:51:00.000","Title":"python http request with token","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to scrape and submit information to websites that heavily rely on Javascript to do most of its actions. The website won't even work when i disable Javascript in my browser.\nI've searched for some solutions on Google and SO and there was someone who suggested i should reverse engineer the Javascript, but i have no idea how to do that. \nSo far i've been using Mechanize and it works on websites that don't require Javascript.\nIs there any way to access websites that use Javascript by using urllib2 or something similar? \nI'm also willing to learn Javascript, if that's what it takes.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23351,"Q_Id":3362859,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"I would actually suggest using Selenium.  Its mainly designed for testing Web-Applications from a \"user perspective however it is basically a \"FireFox\" driver.  I've actually used it for this purpose ... although I was scraping an dynamic AJAX webpage.  As long as the Javascript form has a recognizable \"Anchor Text\" that Selenium can \"click\" everything should sort itself out.\nHope that helps","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"javascript,python,screen-scraping","A_Id":3364608,"CreationDate":"2010-07-29T13:18:00.000","Title":"Scraping websites with Javascript enabled?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to control a web browser like Firefox using Python? \nI would want to do things like \n\nlaunch the browser\nforce clicks on URLs\ntake screenshots \n\netc.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":50784,"Q_Id":3369073,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Depends what do you actually want to achieve. If you need to do some automatic stuff w\/out user interference, you can just use underlying engine of the browser, like Gecko or WebKit, w\/out loading browser itself. There are ready Python bindings to these engines available.\nBrowsers themself do not provide this kind of API to outside processes. For Firefox, you would need to inject some browser-side code into chrome, either as extension or plugin.","Q_Score":27,"Tags":"python,browser,webbrowser-control","A_Id":3370550,"CreationDate":"2010-07-30T06:16:00.000","Title":"Controlling Browser using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to control a web browser like Firefox using Python? \nI would want to do things like \n\nlaunch the browser\nforce clicks on URLs\ntake screenshots \n\netc.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":50784,"Q_Id":3369073,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Ag great way to control a browser in Python is to use PyQt4.QtWebKit.","Q_Score":27,"Tags":"python,browser,webbrowser-control","A_Id":3370579,"CreationDate":"2010-07-30T06:16:00.000","Title":"Controlling Browser using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Got a situation where I'm going to be parsing websites. each site has to have it's own \"parser\" and possibly it's own way of dealing with cookies\/etc..\nI'm trying to get in my head which would be a better choice.\nChoice I:\n I can create a multiprocessing function, where the (masterspawn) app gets an input url, and in turn it spans a process\/function within the masterspawn app that then handles all the setup\/fetching\/parsing of the page\/URL.\nThis approach would have one master app running, and it in turn creates multiple instances of the internal function.. Should be fast, yes\/no?\nChoice II:\n I could create a \"Twisted\" kind of server, that would essentially do the same thing as Choice I. The difference being that using \"Twisted\" would also impose some overhead. I'm trying to evaluate Twisted, with regards to it being a \"Server\" but i don't need it to perform the fetching of the url.\nChoice III:\n I could use scrapy. I'm inclined not to go this route as I don't want\/need to use the overhead that scrapy appears to have. As i stated, each of the targeted URLs needs its own parse function, as well as dealing with the cookies...\nMy goal is to basically have the \"architected\" solution spread across multiple boxes, where each client box interfaces with a master server that allocates the urls to be parsed.\nthanks for any comments on this..\n-tom","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":815,"Q_Id":3374943,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There are two dimensions to this question: concurrency and distribution. \nConcurrency: either Twisted or multiprocessing will do the job of concurrently handling fetching\/parsing jobs. I'm not sure though where your premise of the \"Twisted overhead\" comes from. On the contrary, the multiprocessing path would incur much more overhead, since a (relatively heavy-weight) OS-process would have to be spawned. Twisteds' way of handling concurrency is much more light-weight. \nDistribution: multiprocessing won't distribute your fetch\/parse jobs to different boxes. Twisted can do this, eg. using the AMP protocol building facilities. \nI cannot comment on scrapy, never having used it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twisted,multiprocessing","A_Id":3379621,"CreationDate":"2010-07-30T20:02:00.000","Title":"question comparing multiprocessing vs twisted","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i developed an aplication built on twitter api , but i get erorrs like   a mesage that i've parsed and deleted to be parsed again at the next execution  ,   could that be because i left the twitter connection opened or is just a fault of the twitter API.   I also tried to delete all direct messages because it seemed too full for me but instead the Api has just reset the count of my messages , the messages haven't been deleted:((","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":105,"Q_Id":3385990,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Twitter's API is over HTTP, which is a stateless protocol. you don't really need to close the connection, since connections made and closed for each request","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":3388478,"CreationDate":"2010-08-02T07:59:00.000","Title":"twitter connection needs to be closed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Do you know how I could get one of the IPv6 adress of one of my interface in python2.6. I tried something with the socket module which lead me nowhere.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3133,"Q_Id":3388911,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could just simply run 'ifconfig' with a subprocess.* call and parse the output.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,linux,ipv6","A_Id":3388966,"CreationDate":"2010-08-02T14:53:00.000","Title":"How to get the IPv6 address of an interface under linux","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm tryng to verify if all my page links are valid, and also something similar to me if all the pages have a specified link like contact. i use python unit testing and selenium IDE to record actions that need to be tested.\nSo my question is can i verify the links in a loop or i need to try  every link on my own?\ni tried to do this with __iter__ but  it didn't get any close ,there may be a reason that i'm poor at oop, but i still think that there must me another way of testing links than clicking them and recording one by one.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":412,"Q_Id":3397850,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What exactly is \"Testing links\"?\nIf it means they lead to non-4xx URIs, I'm afraid You must visit them.\nAs for existence of given links (like \"Contact\"), You may look for them using xpath.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,testing,black-box","A_Id":3397887,"CreationDate":"2010-08-03T15:05:00.000","Title":"how can i verify all links on a page as a black-box tester","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm tryng to verify if all my page links are valid, and also something similar to me if all the pages have a specified link like contact. i use python unit testing and selenium IDE to record actions that need to be tested.\nSo my question is can i verify the links in a loop or i need to try  every link on my own?\ni tried to do this with __iter__ but  it didn't get any close ,there may be a reason that i'm poor at oop, but i still think that there must me another way of testing links than clicking them and recording one by one.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":412,"Q_Id":3397850,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could (as yet another alternative), use BeautifulSoup to parse the links on your page and try to retrieve them via urllib2.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,testing,black-box","A_Id":3399490,"CreationDate":"2010-08-03T15:05:00.000","Title":"how can i verify all links on a page as a black-box tester","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For the past 10 hours I've been trying to accomplish this:\nTranslation of my blocking httpclient using standard lib...\nInto a twisted nonblocking\/async version of it. \n10 hours later... scoring through their APIs-- it appears no one has EVER needed to do be able to do that. Nice framework, but seems ...a bit overwhelming to just set a socket to a different interface.\nCan any python gurus shed some light on this and\/or send me in the right direction? or any docs that I could have missed? THANKS!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":314,"Q_Id":3399185,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well, it doesn't look like you've missed anything. client.getPage doesn't directly support setting the bind address. I'm just guessing here but I would suspect it's one of those cases where it just never occured to the original developer that someone would want to specify the bind address. \nEven though there isn't built-in support for doing this, it should be pretty easy to do. The way you specify binding addresses for outgoing connections in twisted is by passing the bind address to the reactor.connectXXX() functions. Fortunately, the code for getPage() is really simple. I'd suggest three things:\n\nCopy the code for getPage() and it's associated helper function into your project\nModify them to pass through the bind address\nCreate a patch to fix this oversight and send it to the Twisted folks :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twisted.web","A_Id":3400337,"CreationDate":"2010-08-03T17:48:00.000","Title":"Overloading twisted.client.getPage to set the client socket's bindaddress !","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Which library\/module is the best to use for downloading large 500mb+ files in terms of speed, memory, cpu? I was also contemplating using pycurl.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2537,"Q_Id":3402271,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"At sizes of 500MB+ one has to worry about data integrity, and HTTP is not designed with data integrity in mind.\nI'd rather use python bindings for rsync (if they exist) or even bittorrent, which was initially implemented in python. Both rsync and bittorrent address the data integrity issue.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,curl,urllib2","A_Id":3402359,"CreationDate":"2010-08-04T02:56:00.000","Title":"best way to download large files with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm scraping a html page, then using xml.dom.minidom.parseString() to create a dom object.\nhowever, the html page has a '&'.  I can use cgi.escape to convert this into &amp; but it also converts all my html <> tags into &lt;&gt; which makes parseString() unhappy.\nhow do i go about this?  i would rather not just hack it and straight replace the \"&\"s\nthanks","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":576,"Q_Id":3403168,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You shouldn't use an XML parser to parse data that isn't XML.  Find an HTML parser instead, you'll be happier in the long run.  The standard library has a few (HTMLParser and htmllib), and BeautifulSoup is a well-loved third-party package.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,escaping,html-entities","A_Id":3405525,"CreationDate":"2010-08-04T06:40:00.000","Title":"need to selectively escape html entities (&)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to create a python script that opens a single page at a time, however python + mozilla make it so everytime I do this, it opens up a new tab.  I want it to keep just a single window open so that it can loop forever without crashing due to too many windows or tabs.  It will be going to about 6-7 websites and the current code imports time and webbrowser.\nwebbrowser.open('url')\ntime.sleep(100)\nwebbrowser.open('next url') \n\/\/but here it will open a new tab, when I just want it to change the page.\nAny information would be greatful,\nThank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2001,"Q_Id":3408891,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In firefox, if you go to about:config and set browser.link.open_newwindow to \"1\", that will cause a clicked link that would open in a new window or tab to stay in the current tab. I'm not sure if this applies to calls from 3rd-party apps, but it might be worth a try.\nOf course, this will now apply to everything you do in firefox (though ctrl + click will still open links in a new tab)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,browser","A_Id":3408987,"CreationDate":"2010-08-04T19:01:00.000","Title":"How do I edit the url in python and open a new page without having a new window or tab opened?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to open a new tab in my web browser using python's webbrowser. However, now my browser is brought to the top and I am directly moved to the opened tab. I haven't found any information about this in documentation, but maybe there is some hidden api. Can I open this tab in the possible most unobtrusive way, which means:\n\nnot bringing browser to the top if it's minimzed,\nnot moving me the opened tab (especially if I am at the moment working in other tab - my process is working in the background and it would be very annoying to have suddenly my work interrupted by a new tab)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":392,"Q_Id":3417756,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"On WinXP, at least, it appears that this is not possible (from my tests with IE).\nFrom what I can see, webbrowser is a fairly simple convenience module that creates (probably ) a subprocess-style call to the browser executable. \nIf you want that sort of granularity you'll have to see if your browser accepts command line arguments to that effect, or exposes that control in some other way.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,tabs,python-webbrowser","A_Id":3418619,"CreationDate":"2010-08-05T18:09:00.000","Title":"python: open unfocused tab with webbrowser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am now using python base64 module to decode a base64 coded XML file, what I did was to find each of the data (there are thousands of them as for exmaple in \"ABC....\", the \"ABC...\" was the base64 encoded data) and add it to a string, lets say s, then I use base64.b64decode(s) to get the result, I am not sure of the result of the decoding, was it a string, or bytes? In addition, how should convert such decoded data from the so-called \"network byte order\" to a \"host byte order\"? Thanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7855,"Q_Id":3422457,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Each base64 encoded string should be decoded separately - you can't concatenate encoded strings (and get a correct decoding).\nThe result of the decode is a string, of byte-buffer - in Python, they're equivalent.\nRegarding the network\/host order - sequences of bytes, have no such 'order' (or endianity) - it only matters when interpreting these bytes as words \/ ints of larger width (i.e. more than 8 bits).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,base64,byte","A_Id":3422530,"CreationDate":"2010-08-06T09:20:00.000","Title":"Python base64 data decode and byte order convert","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a requirement to create a Python application that accepts dial up connections over ISDN from client software and relays messages from this connection to a website application running on a LAMP webserver.\nDo we have some modules or support for this kind of implementation in python?\nPlease suggest.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":974,"Q_Id":3464996,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You should have system hardware and software that handles establishing ISDN links, that's not something you should be trying to reimplement yourself.\nYou need to consult the documentation for that hardware and software, and the documentation for the client software, to determine how that connection can be made available to your application, and what communications protocol the client will be using over the ISDN link.\n(If you're really lucky, the client actually uses PPP to establish a TCP\/IP connection.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,dial-up,isdn","A_Id":3465106,"CreationDate":"2010-08-12T05:36:00.000","Title":"ISDN dial up connection with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have used 3 languages for Web Scraping - Ruby, PHP and Python and honestly none of them seems to perfect for the task. \nRuby has an excellent mechanize and XML parsing library but the spreadsheet support is very poor. \nPHP has excellent spreadsheet and HTML parsing library but it does not have an equivalent of WWW:Mechanize.\nPython has a very poor Mechanize library. I had many problems with it and still unable to solve them. Its spreadsheet library also is more or less decent since it unable to create XLSX files.\nIs there anything which is just perfect for webscraping. \nPS: I am working on windows platform.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2443,"Q_Id":3468028,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Short answer is no.\nThe problem is that HTML is a large family of formats - and only the more recent variants are consistent (and XML based). If you're going to use PHP then I would recommend using the DOM parser as this can handle a lot of html which does not qualify as well-formed XML.\nReading between the lines of your post - you seem to be:\n1) capturing content from the web with a requirement for complex interaction management\n2) parsing the data into a consistent machine readable format\n3) writing the data to a spreadsheet\nWhich is certainly 3 seperate problems - if no one language meets all 3 requirements then why not use the best tool for the job and just worry about an suitable interim format\/medium for the data?\nC.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"php,python,ruby,web-scraping","A_Id":3469962,"CreationDate":"2010-08-12T13:18:00.000","Title":"Is there any language which is just \"perfect\" for web scraping?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Hey all, I have a site that looks up info for the end user, is written in Python, and requires several urlopen commands. As a result it takes a bit for a page to load. I was wondering if there was a way to make it faster? Is there an easy Python way to cache or a way to make the urlopen scripts fun last? \nThe urlopens access the Amazon API to get prices, so the site needs to be somewhat up to date. The only option I can think of is to make a script to make a mySQL db and run it ever now and then, but that would be a nuisance.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":805,"Q_Id":3468248,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"How often do the price(s) change? If they're pretty constant (say once a day, or every hour or so), just go ahead and write a cron script (or equivalent) that retrieves the values and stores it in a database or text file or whatever it is you need.\nI don't know if you can check the timestamp data from the Amazon API - if they report that sort of thing.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sql,caching,urlopen","A_Id":3468315,"CreationDate":"2010-08-12T13:40:00.000","Title":"Caching options in Python or speeding up urlopen","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"As the title suggests, I'm working on a site written in python and it makes several calls to the urllib2 module to read websites. I then parse them with BeautifulSoup. \nAs I have to read 5-10 sites, the page takes a while to load. \nI'm just wondering if there's a way to read the sites all at once? Or anytricks to make it faster, like should I close the urllib2.urlopen after each read, or keep it open?\nAdded: also, if I were to just switch over to php, would that be faster for fetching and Parsi g HTML and XML files from other sites? I just want it to load faster, as opposed to the ~20 seconds it currently takes","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":32925,"Q_Id":3472515,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"How about using pycurl? \nYou can apt-get it by\n$ sudo apt-get python-pycurl","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,http,concurrency,urllib2","A_Id":3472568,"CreationDate":"2010-08-12T22:26:00.000","Title":"Python urllib2.urlopen() is slow, need a better way to read several urls","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a site, colorurl.com, and I need users to be able to type in colorurl.com\/00ff00 (or some variation of that), and see the correct page. However, with the naked domain issue, users who type in colorurl.com\/somepath will instead be redirected to www.colorurl.com\/.\nIs there a way to detect this in python, and then redirect the user to where they meant to go (With the www. added?)\nEDIT:\nClarification: In my webhost's configuration I have colorurl.com forward to www.colorurl.com. They do not support keeping the path (1and1). I have to detect the previous path and redirect users to it.\n\nUser goes to colorurl.com\/path\nUser is redirected to www.colorurl.com\nApp needs to detect what the path was.\nApp sends user to www.colorurl.com\/path","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":830,"Q_Id":3482152,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to use a third-party site to do the redirection to www.*; many registrars offer this service.  Godaddy's service (which is even free with domain registration) forwards foo.com\/bar to www.foo.com\/bar; I can't speak to the capabilities of the others but it seems to me that any one that doesn't behave this way is broken.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,redirect","A_Id":3483631,"CreationDate":"2010-08-14T05:27:00.000","Title":"Google App Engine - Naked Domain Path Redirect in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to monitor server ports using SNMP (I'm using net-snmp-python to check this with python). \nSo far I've checked pretty simple with \"nc\" command, however I want to see if I can do this with SNMP. \nThank you for your answers and patience.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9078,"Q_Id":3485203,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You might try running nmap against the ports you want to check, but that won't necessarily give you an indication that the server process on the other side of an open port is alive.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,networking,snmp","A_Id":3486005,"CreationDate":"2010-08-14T21:34:00.000","Title":"Check ports with SNMP (net-snmp)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to monitor server ports using SNMP (I'm using net-snmp-python to check this with python). \nSo far I've checked pretty simple with \"nc\" command, however I want to see if I can do this with SNMP. \nThank you for your answers and patience.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9078,"Q_Id":3485203,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's hard to see where SNMP might fit in.\nThe best way to monitor would be to use a protocol specific client (i.e., run a simple query v.s. MySQL, retrieve a test file using FTP, etc.)\nIf that doesn't work, you can open a TCP or UDP socket to the ports and see if anyone is listening.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,networking,snmp","A_Id":3485524,"CreationDate":"2010-08-14T21:34:00.000","Title":"Check ports with SNMP (net-snmp)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to send it and forget it. The http rest service call I'm making takes a few seconds to respond. The goal is to avoid waiting those few seconds before more code can execute.\nI'd rather not use python threads\nI'll use twisted async calls if I must and ignore the response.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2585,"Q_Id":3486372,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You are going to have to implement that asynchronously as HTTP protocol states you have a request and a reply. \nAnother option would be to work directly with the socket, bypassing any pre-built module. This would allow you to violate protocol and write your own bit that ignores any responses, in essence dropping the connection after it has made the request.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":3486383,"CreationDate":"2010-08-15T05:49:00.000","Title":"How can I make an http request without getting back an http response in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to send it and forget it. The http rest service call I'm making takes a few seconds to respond. The goal is to avoid waiting those few seconds before more code can execute.\nI'd rather not use python threads\nI'll use twisted async calls if I must and ignore the response.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2585,"Q_Id":3486372,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"HTTP implies a request and a reply for that request. Go with an async approach.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":3486378,"CreationDate":"2010-08-15T05:49:00.000","Title":"How can I make an http request without getting back an http response in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Here is what I would like to do, and I want to know how some people with experience in this field do this:\nWith three POST requests I get from the http server:\n\nwidgets and layout\nand then app logic (minimal)\ndata\n\nOr maybe it's better to combine the first two or all three. I'm thinking of using pyqt. I think I can load .ui files. I can parse json data. I just think it would be rather dangerous to pass code over a network to be executed on the client. If someone can hijack the connection, or can change the apps setting to access a bogus server, that is nasty.\nI want to do it this way because it keeps all the clients up-to-date. It's sort of like a webapp but simpler because of Qt. Essentially the \"thin\" app is just a minimal compiled python file that loads data from a server.\nHow can I do this without introducing security issues on the client? Is https good enough? Is there a way to get pyqt to run in a sandbox of sorts?\nPS. I'm not stuck on Qt or python. I do like the concept though. I don't really want to use Java - server or client side.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1647,"Q_Id":3517841,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Your desire to send \"app logic\" from the server to the client without sending \"code\" is inherently self-contradictory, though you may not realize that yet -- even if the \"logic\" you're sending is in some simplified ad-hoc \"language\" (which you don't even think of as a language;-), to all intents and purposes your Python code will be interpreting that language and thereby execute that code.  You may \"sandbox\" things to some extent, but in the end, that's what you're doing.\nTo avoid hijackings and other tricks, instead, use HTTPS and validate the server's cert in your client: that will protect you from all the problems you're worrying about (if somebody can edit the app enough to defeat the HTTPS cert validation, they can edit it enough to make it run whatever code they want, without any need to send that code from a server;-).\nOnce you're using https, having the server send Python modules (in source form if you need to support multiple Python versions on the clients, else bytecode is fine) and the client thereby save them to disk and import \/ reload them, will be just fine.  You'll basically be doing a variant of the classic \"plugins architecture\" where the \"plugins\" are in fact being sent from the server (instead of being found on disk in a given location).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,qt,networking,pyqt,thin","A_Id":3517886,"CreationDate":"2010-08-19T00:33:00.000","Title":"how to implement thin client app with pyqt","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a small HTTP server and everything is working fine locally, but I am not able to connect to the server from any other computer, including other computers on the network. I'm not sure if it is a server problem, or if I just need to make some adjustments to Windows. I turned the firewall off, so that can't be the probelm.\nI am using Python 2.6 on Windows 7.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":213,"Q_Id":3522641,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Without any code sample I can only assume that your server is listening on some private interface like localhost\/127.0.0.1 and not something that is connected to the rest of your network.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,http","A_Id":3522672,"CreationDate":"2010-08-19T14:13:00.000","Title":"Python Server Help","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a small HTTP server and everything is working fine locally, but I am not able to connect to the server from any other computer, including other computers on the network. I'm not sure if it is a server problem, or if I just need to make some adjustments to Windows. I turned the firewall off, so that can't be the probelm.\nI am using Python 2.6 on Windows 7.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":213,"Q_Id":3522641,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Some things to check:\n\nCan you connect to the server via your machine's IP instead of localhost? I.e. if your machine is 1.2.3.4 in the network and the server is listening on port 8080, can you see it by opening a browser to http:\/\/1.2.3.4:8080 on the same machine?\nCan you do (1) from another machine? (just a sanity check...)\nDo other servers work throughout the network? I.e. if you run a simple FTP server (like Filezilla server) on the machine, can you FTP to it from other machines?\nCan you ping one machine from another?\nDo you still have firewalls running? (i.e. default Windows firewall)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,http","A_Id":3522734,"CreationDate":"2010-08-19T14:13:00.000","Title":"Python Server Help","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've develop webmail client for any mail server.\nI want to implement message conversion for it \u2014 for example same emails fwd\/reply\/reply2all should be shown together like gmail does... \nMy question is: what's the key to find those emails which are either reply\/fwd or related to the original mail....","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1161,"Q_Id":3530851,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The In-Reply-To header of the child should have the value of the Message-Id header of the parent(s).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,imap,pop3,imaplib,poplib","A_Id":3566252,"CreationDate":"2010-08-20T12:34:00.000","Title":"How to maintain mail conversion (reply \/ forward \/ reply to all like gmail) of email using Python pop\/imap lib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've develop webmail client for any mail server.\nI want to implement message conversion for it \u2014 for example same emails fwd\/reply\/reply2all should be shown together like gmail does... \nMy question is: what's the key to find those emails which are either reply\/fwd or related to the original mail....","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1161,"Q_Id":3530851,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Google just seems to chain messages based on the subject line (so does Apple Mail by the way.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,imap,pop3,imaplib,poplib","A_Id":3530868,"CreationDate":"2010-08-20T12:34:00.000","Title":"How to maintain mail conversion (reply \/ forward \/ reply to all like gmail) of email using Python pop\/imap lib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does python have a full fledged email library with things for pop, smtp, pop3 with ssl, mime?\nI want to create a web mail interface that pulls emails from email servers, and then shows the emails, along with attachments, can display the sender, subject, etc. (handles all the encoding issues etc).\nIt's one thing to be available in the libraries and another for them to be production ready. I'm hoping someone who has used them to pull emails w\/attachments etc. in a production environment can comment on this.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":513,"Q_Id":3538430,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It has all the components you need, in a more modular and flexible arrangement than you appear to envisage -- the standard library's email package deals with the message once you have received it, and separate modules each deal with means of sending and receiving, such as pop, smtp, imap.  SSL is an option for each of them (if the counterpart, e.g. mail server, supports it, of course), being basically just \"a different kind of socket\".\nHave you looked at the rich online docs for all of these standard library modules?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,smtp,mime,pop3","A_Id":3538453,"CreationDate":"2010-08-21T18:16:00.000","Title":"Does python have a robust pop3, smtp, mime library where I could build a webmail interface?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i want to do router configuration using python , but dont want to use any application level protocol to configure it . Is it possible to deal it on a hardware level ? Please do tell if the question is vague or if it needs more explanation , then I would put more details on as to what I have my doubt in","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":616,"Q_Id":3555485,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is a package named roscraco that configure and extract information from some consumer level routers. It's available on PyPi.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":5845120,"CreationDate":"2010-08-24T10:30:00.000","Title":"is it possible to write python scripts which can do router configuration without telnetting into the router?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i want to do router configuration using python , but dont want to use any application level protocol to configure it . Is it possible to deal it on a hardware level ? Please do tell if the question is vague or if it needs more explanation , then I would put more details on as to what I have my doubt in","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":616,"Q_Id":3555485,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The title of your question by itself makes some sense.\nThe body of your question doesn't make sense.\n\nis it possible to write python scripts which can do router configuration without telnetting into the router?\nYes, depending on the platform. You maybe able to use a variety of other methods to configure the router that do not include telnet. E.g. xml-rpc, ssh + interactive, scp config file or fragments, snmp to induce upload config file, etc.\n\nIs it possible to deal it on a hardware level?\nYou're in the realms of nanotech microscopy and seriously invalidating the warranty on your router.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":3555720,"CreationDate":"2010-08-24T10:30:00.000","Title":"is it possible to write python scripts which can do router configuration without telnetting into the router?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the urllib2.urlopen method to open a URL and fetch the markup of a webpage. Some of these sites redirect me using the 301\/302 redirects. I would like to know the final URL that I've been redirected to. How can I get this?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34914,"Q_Id":3556266,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"e.g.: \nurllib2.urlopen('ORIGINAL LINK').geturl()\nurllib2.urlopen(urllib2.Request('ORIGINAL LINK')).geturl()","Q_Score":22,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":31354580,"CreationDate":"2010-08-24T12:12:00.000","Title":"How can I get the final redirect URL when using urllib2.urlopen?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the urllib2.urlopen method to open a URL and fetch the markup of a webpage. Some of these sites redirect me using the 301\/302 redirects. I would like to know the final URL that I've been redirected to. How can I get this?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34914,"Q_Id":3556266,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The return value of urllib2.urlopen has a geturl() method which should return the actual (i.e. last redirect) url.","Q_Score":22,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":3556295,"CreationDate":"2010-08-24T12:12:00.000","Title":"How can I get the final redirect URL when using urllib2.urlopen?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have tried this probably 6 or 7 different ways, such as using various attribute values, XPath, id pattern matching (it always matches \":\\w\\w\"), etc. as locators, and nothing has worked. If anyone can give me a tested, confirmed-working locator string for this button, I'd be much obliged.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":964,"Q_Id":3561993,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want to emulate a click on the button, just go to #compose.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"c#,java,python,gmail,selenium-rc","A_Id":3562629,"CreationDate":"2010-08-25T00:18:00.000","Title":"How to access Gmail's \"Send\" button using Selenium RC for Java or C# or Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to encode and store, and decode arguments in Python and getting lost somewhere along the way. Here are my steps:\n1) I use google toolkit's gtm_stringByEscapingForURLArgument to convert an NSString properly for passing into HTTP arguments. \n2) On my server (python), I store these string arguments as something like u'1234567890-\/:;()$&@\".,?!\\'[]{}#%^*+=_\\\\|~<>\\u20ac\\xa3\\xa5\\u2022.,?!\\'' (note that these are the standard keys on an iphone keypad in the \"123\" view and the \"#+=\" view, the \\u and \\x chars in there being some monetary prefixes like pound, yen, etc)\n3) I call urllib.quote(myString,'') on that stored value, presumably to %-escape them for transport to the client so the client can unpercent escape them.\nThe result is that I am getting an exception when I try to log the result of % escaping.  Is there some crucial step I am overlooking that needs to be applied to the stored value with the \\u and \\x format in order to properly convert it for sending over http?\nUpdate: The suggestion marked as the answer below worked for me.  I am providing some updates to address the comments below to be complete, though.\nThe exception I received cited an issue with \\u20ac. I don't know if it was a problem with that specifically, rather than the fact that it was the first unicode character in the string.\nThat \\u20ac char is the unicode for the 'euro' symbol. I basically found I'd have issues with it unless I used the urllib2 quote method.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":83104,"Q_Id":3563126,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You are out of your luck with stdlib, urllib.quote doesn't work with unicode. If you are using django you can use django.utils.http.urlquote which works properly with unicode","Q_Score":48,"Tags":"python,url-encoding","A_Id":3563366,"CreationDate":"2010-08-25T05:42:00.000","Title":"URL encoding\/decoding with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm not sure how to find this information, I have found a few tutorials so far about using Python with selenium but none have so much as touched on this.. I am able to run some basic test scripts through python that automate selenium but it just shows the browser window for a few seconds and then closes it.. I need to get the browser output into a string \/ variable (ideally) or at least save it to a file so that python can do other things on it (parse it, etc).. I would appreciate if anyone can point me towards resources on how to do this. Thanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4318,"Q_Id":3571233,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There's a Selenium.getHtmlSource() method in Java, most likely it is also available in Python. It returns the source of the current page as string, so you can do whatever you want with it","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,browser-automation","A_Id":3573288,"CreationDate":"2010-08-26T00:22:00.000","Title":"Selenium with Python, how do I get the page output after running a script?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"A sever I can't influence sends very broken XML.\nSpecifically, a Unicode WHITE STAR would get encoded as UTF-8 (E2 98 86) and then translated using a Latin-1 to HTML entity table. What I get is &acirc; 98 86 (9 bytes) in a file that's declared as utf-8 with no DTD.\nI couldn't configure W3C tidy in a way that doesn't garble this irreversibly. I only found how to make lxml skip it silently. SAX uses Expat, which cannot recover after encountering this. I'd like to avoid BeautifulSoup for speed reasons.\nWhat else is there?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1950,"Q_Id":3577652,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"BeautifulSoup is your best bet in this case. I suggest profiling before ruling out BeautifulSoup altogether.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":3577694,"CreationDate":"2010-08-26T17:18:00.000","Title":"How to parse broken XML in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to create REST Web Services, that returns JSON or XML, using Python ?\nCould you give me some recomandations ?\nThank you.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12155,"Q_Id":3577994,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Sure, you can use any web framework you like, just set the content-type header to the mime type you need. For generating json I recommend the simplejson module (ranamed to json and included in the standard library since 2.6), for handling XML the lxml library is very nice.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-services,rest","A_Id":3578028,"CreationDate":"2010-08-26T17:57:00.000","Title":"Creating REST Web Services with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"They didn't mention this in python documentation. And recently I'm testing a website simply refreshing the site using urllib2.urlopen() to extract certain content, I notice sometimes when I update the site urllib2.urlopen() seems not get the newly added content. So I wonder it does cache stuff somewhere, right?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12290,"Q_Id":3586295,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you make changes and test the behaviour from browser and from urllib, it is easy to make a stupid mistake.\nIn browser you are logged in, but in urllib.urlopen your app can redirect you always to the same login page, so if you just see the page size or the top of your common layout, you could think that your changes have no effect.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urlopen","A_Id":38239971,"CreationDate":"2010-08-27T16:34:00.000","Title":"Does urllib2.urlopen() cache stuff?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"They didn't mention this in python documentation. And recently I'm testing a website simply refreshing the site using urllib2.urlopen() to extract certain content, I notice sometimes when I update the site urllib2.urlopen() seems not get the newly added content. So I wonder it does cache stuff somewhere, right?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":12290,"Q_Id":3586295,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"So I wonder it does cache stuff somewhere, right? \n\nIt doesn't. \nIf you don't see new data, this could have many reasons. Most bigger web services use server-side caching for performance reasons, for example using caching proxies like Varnish and Squid or application-level caching.\nIf the problem is caused by server-side caching, usally there's no way to force the server to give you the latest data.\n\nFor caching proxies like squid, things are different. Usually, squid adds some additional headers to the HTTP response (response().info().headers).\nIf you see a header field called X-Cache or X-Cache-Lookup, this means that you aren't connected to the remote server directly, but through a transparent proxy.\nIf you have something like: X-Cache: HIT from proxy.domain.tld, this means that the response you got is cached. The opposite is X-Cache MISS from proxy.domain.tld, which means that the response is fresh.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urlopen","A_Id":3586796,"CreationDate":"2010-08-27T16:34:00.000","Title":"Does urllib2.urlopen() cache stuff?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"They didn't mention this in python documentation. And recently I'm testing a website simply refreshing the site using urllib2.urlopen() to extract certain content, I notice sometimes when I update the site urllib2.urlopen() seems not get the newly added content. So I wonder it does cache stuff somewhere, right?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":-0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12290,"Q_Id":3586295,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"I find it hard to believe that urllib2 does not do caching, because in my case, upon restart of the program the data is refreshed. If the program is not restarted, the data appears to be cached forever. Also retrieving the same data from Firefox never returns stale data.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urlopen","A_Id":3936916,"CreationDate":"2010-08-27T16:34:00.000","Title":"Does urllib2.urlopen() cache stuff?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a game which requires users to log in to their accounts in order to be able to play. What's the best way of transmitting passwords from client to server and storing them?\nI'm using Python and Twisted, if that's of any relevance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":447,"Q_Id":3595835,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The best way is to authenticate via SSL\/TLS. The best way of storing passwords is to store them hashed with some complex hash like sha1(sha1(password)+salt) with salt.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,security,passwords,network-programming","A_Id":3595865,"CreationDate":"2010-08-29T17:38:00.000","Title":"Handling Password Authentication over a Network","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any approach to generate editor of an XML file basing on an XSD scheme? (It should be a Java or Python web based editor).","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4417,"Q_Id":3599569,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Funny, I'm concerning myself with something similar. I'm building an editor (not really WYSIWYG, but it abstracts the DOM away) for the XMLs Civilization 4 (strategy game) usesu to store about everything. I thought about it for quite a while and built two prototypes (in Python), one of which looks promising so I will extend it in the future. Note that Civ 4 XMLs are merely more than a buzzword-conform database (just the kind of data you better store in JSON\/YAML and the like, mostly key-value pairs with a few sublists of key-value pairs - no recursive data structures).\nMy first approach was based on the fact that there are mostly key-value pairs, which doesn't fit documents that exploit the full power of XML (recursive data structures, etc). My new design is more sophisticated - up to now, I only built a (still buggy) validator factory this way, but I'm looking forward to extend it, e.g. for schema-sensetive editing widgets. The basic idea is to walk the XSD's DOM, recognize the expected content (a list of other nodes, text of a specific format, etc), build in turn (recursively) validators for these, and then build a higher-order validator that applies all the previously generated validators in the right order. It propably takes some exposure to functional programming to get comfortable with the idea. For the editing part (btw, I use PyQt), I plan to generate a Label-LineEdit pair for tags which contain text and a heading (Label) for tags that contain other elements, possibly indenting the subelements and\/or providing folding. Again, recursion is the key to build these.\nQt allows us to attach a validator to an text input widget, so this part is easy once we can generate a validator for e.g. a tag containing an \"int\". For tags containing other tags, something similar to the above is possible: Generate a validator for each subelement and chain them. The only part that needs to change is how we get the content. Ignoring comments, attributes, processing instructions, etc, this should still be relatively simple - for a \"tag: content\" pair, generate \"content\" and feed it to your DOM parser; for elements with subelements, generate a representation of the children and put it between \"...\". Attributes could be implemented as key-value pairs too, only with an extra flag.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"java,python,xml,xsd","A_Id":3599767,"CreationDate":"2010-08-30T10:33:00.000","Title":"Automatic editor of XML (based on XSD scheme)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to develop some scripts for iTunes in python and actually i'm having quite a hard time getting the API information. \nI'm using the win32com.client module but i would really need to get all the specifications, methods and details.\nThere are a few examples but I need some extra data......\nthanks!!!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9348,"Q_Id":3602728,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Run dir(my_com_client) to get a list of available methods.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,itunes,win32com","A_Id":3602834,"CreationDate":"2010-08-30T17:27:00.000","Title":"iTunes API for python scripting","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm learning to use the Queue module, and am a bit confused about how a queue consumer thread can be made to know that the queue is complete.  Ideally I'd like to use get() from within the consumer thread and have it throw an exception if the queue has been marked \"done\".  Is there a better way to communicate this than by appending a sentinel value to mark the last item in the queue?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10185,"Q_Id":3605188,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Queue is a FIFO (first in first out) register so remember that the consumer can be faster than producer. When consumers thread detect that the queue is empty normally realise one of following actions:\n\nSend to API: switch to next thread.\nSend to API: sleep some ms and than check again the queue.\nSend to API: wait on event (like new message in queue).\n\nIf you wont that consumers thread terminate after job is complete than put in queue a sentinel value to terminate task.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,multithreading,queue","A_Id":3607187,"CreationDate":"2010-08-31T00:21:00.000","Title":"Communicating end of Queue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm learning to use the Queue module, and am a bit confused about how a queue consumer thread can be made to know that the queue is complete.  Ideally I'd like to use get() from within the consumer thread and have it throw an exception if the queue has been marked \"done\".  Is there a better way to communicate this than by appending a sentinel value to mark the last item in the queue?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10185,"Q_Id":3605188,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The best practice way of doing this would be to have the queue itself notify a client that it has reached the 'done' state. The client can then take any action that is appropriate.\nWhat you have suggested; checking the queue to see if it is done periodically, would be highly undesirable. Polling is an antipattern in multithreaded programming, you should always be using notifications.\nEDIT:\nSo your saying that the queue itself knows that it's 'done' based on some criteria and needs to notify the clients of that fact. I think you are correct and the best way to do this is by throwing when a client calls get() and the queue is in the done state. If your throwing this would negate the need for a sentinel value on the client side. Internally the queue can detect that it is 'done' in any way it pleases e.g. queue is empty, it's state was set to done etc I don't see any need for a sentinel value.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,multithreading,queue","A_Id":3605282,"CreationDate":"2010-08-31T00:21:00.000","Title":"Communicating end of Queue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm learning to use the Queue module, and am a bit confused about how a queue consumer thread can be made to know that the queue is complete.  Ideally I'd like to use get() from within the consumer thread and have it throw an exception if the queue has been marked \"done\".  Is there a better way to communicate this than by appending a sentinel value to mark the last item in the queue?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10185,"Q_Id":3605188,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"A sentinel is a natural way to shut down a queue, but there are a couple things to watch out for.\nFirst, remember that you may have more than one consumer, so you need to send a sentinel once for each running consumer, and guarantee that each consumer will only consume one sentinel, to ensure that each consumer receives its shutdown sentinel.\nSecond, remember that Queue defines an interface, and that when possible, code should behave regardless of the underlying Queue.  You might have a PriorityQueue, or you might have some other class that exposes the same interface and returns values in some other order.\nUnfortunately, it's hard to deal with both of these.  To deal with the general case of different queues, a consumer that's shutting down must continue to consume values after receiving its shutdown sentinel until the queue is empty.  That means that it may consume another thread's sentinel.  This is a weakness of the Queue interface: it should have a Queue.shutdown call to cause an exception to be thrown by all consumers, but that's missing.\nSo, in practice:\n\nif you're sure you're only ever using a regular Queue, simply send one sentinel per thread.\nif you may be using a PriorityQueue, ensure that the sentinel has the lowest priority.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,multithreading,queue","A_Id":3605258,"CreationDate":"2010-08-31T00:21:00.000","Title":"Communicating end of Queue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python for web programming and javascript heavily. Currently, i am using NetBeans \nbut i am looking for another IDE. NetBeans is not very good while programming with python and javascript. Any suggestion?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6379,"Q_Id":3608409,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's not quite IDE, but on MacOSX i'm using TextMate, it have many extensions which makes it very powerful.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"javascript,python,ide","A_Id":3608498,"CreationDate":"2010-08-31T11:12:00.000","Title":"IDE Suggestion for python and javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python for web programming and javascript heavily. Currently, i am using NetBeans \nbut i am looking for another IDE. NetBeans is not very good while programming with python and javascript. Any suggestion?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6379,"Q_Id":3608409,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"PyCharm (and other IDEs on IDEA platform) is brilliant IDE for python, js, xml, css and other languages in webdev stack.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"javascript,python,ide","A_Id":3608554,"CreationDate":"2010-08-31T11:12:00.000","Title":"IDE Suggestion for python and javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python for web programming and javascript heavily. Currently, i am using NetBeans \nbut i am looking for another IDE. NetBeans is not very good while programming with python and javascript. Any suggestion?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6379,"Q_Id":3608409,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I use Eclipse with Pydev (Python) and Aptana (Javascript) plugins","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"javascript,python,ide","A_Id":3608748,"CreationDate":"2010-08-31T11:12:00.000","Title":"IDE Suggestion for python and javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python for web programming and javascript heavily. Currently, i am using NetBeans \nbut i am looking for another IDE. NetBeans is not very good while programming with python and javascript. Any suggestion?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6379,"Q_Id":3608409,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For web programming I used Espresso, it only work on Mac but it is quite good,this one is an IDE.\nI don't think the rest classify as an IDE.\nFor python I use sublimetext2 because it can be customize and has a great GUI feel.\nI used to use notepad++ don't really suggest it.\nI think if you are asking for efficiency use vim.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"javascript,python,ide","A_Id":28404847,"CreationDate":"2010-08-31T11:12:00.000","Title":"IDE Suggestion for python and javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I try to move email from mailbox's gmail to another one, Just curious that UID of each email will change when move to new mailbox ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5836,"Q_Id":3615561,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Yes of course the UID is changed when you do move operation.\nthe new UID for that mail will be the next UID from the destination folder.\n(i.e if the last mail UID of the destination folder is : 9332 , \nthen the UID of the move  email   will be 9333) \nNote: UID is changed but the Message-Id will not be changed during any operation on that mail)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,imap,imaplib","A_Id":3636059,"CreationDate":"2010-09-01T06:37:00.000","Title":"About IMAP UID with imaplib","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am scripting in python for some web automation. I know i can not automate captchas but here is what i want to do:\nI want to automate everything i can up to the captcha. When i open the page (usuing urllib2) and parse it to find that it contains a captcha, i want to open the captcha using Tkinter. Now i know that i will have to save the image to my harddrive first, then open it but there is an issue before that. The captcha image that is on screen is not directly in the source anywhere. There is a variable in the source, inside some javascript, that points to another page that has the link to the image, BUT if you load that middle page, the captcha picture for that link changes, so the image associated with that javascript variable is no longer valid. It may be impossible to gather the image using this method, so please enlighten me if you have any ideas on this. \nNow if I use firebug to load the page, there is a \"GET\" that is a direct link to the current Captcha image that i am seeing, and i'm wondering if there is anyway to make python or ullib2 see the \"GET\"s that are going on when a page is loaded, because if that was possible, this would be simple. \nPlease let me know if you have any suggestions.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1432,"Q_Id":3623077,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Of course the captcha's served by a page which will serve a new one each time (if it was repeated, then once it was solved for one fake userid, a spammer could automatically make a million!).  I think you need some \"screenshot\" functionality to capture the image you want -- there is no cross-platform way to invoke such functionality, but each platform (or desktop manager in the case of Linux, BSD, etc) tends to have one.  Or, you could automate the browser (e.g. via SeleniumRC) to \"screenshot\" (e.g. \"print to PDF\") things at the right time.  (I believe what you're seeing in firebug may be misleading you because it is \"showing a snapshot\"... just at the html source or DOM level rather than at a screen\/bitmap level).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-applications,firebug,tkinter,urllib2","A_Id":3623274,"CreationDate":"2010-09-02T00:38:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to save a captcha image and view it later in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a form which when submitted by a user redirects to a thank you page and the file chosen for download begins to download.\nHow can I save this file using python? I can use python's urllib.urlopen to open the url to post to but the html returned is the thank you page, which I suspected it would be. Is there a solution that allows me to grab the contents of the file being served for download from the website and save that locally?\nThanks in advance for any help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":383,"Q_Id":3628454,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you're getting back a thank you page, the URL to the file is likely to be in there somewhere. Look for <meta http-equiv=\"refresh\"> or JavaScript redirects. Ctrl+F'ing the page for the file name might also help.\nSome sites may have extra protection in, so if you can't figure it out, post a link to the site, just in case someone can be bothered to look.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,download,urllib","A_Id":3628497,"CreationDate":"2010-09-02T15:07:00.000","Title":"Python - How do I save a file delivered from html?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I remove \/ inspect \/ modify handlers configured for my loggers using the fileConfig() function?\nFor removing there is Logger.removeHandler(hdlr) method, but how do I get the handler in first place if it was configured from file?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":46204,"Q_Id":3630774,"Users Score":78,"Answer":"logger.handlers contains a list with all handlers of a logger.","Q_Score":70,"Tags":"python,logging","A_Id":3630800,"CreationDate":"2010-09-02T20:05:00.000","Title":"logging remove \/ inspect \/ modify handlers configured by fileConfig()","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am attempting to use the tweepy api to make a twitter function and I have two issues.\nI have little experience with the terminal and Python in general.\n1)  It installed properly with Python 2.6, however I can't use it or install it with Python 3.1.  When I attempt to install the module in 3.1 it gives me an error that there is no module setuptools.  Originally I thought that perhaps I was unable to use tweepy module with 3.1, however in the readme it says \"Python 3 branch (3.1)\", which I assume means it is compatible.  When I searched for the setuptools module, which I figured I could load into the new version, there was only modules for up to Python 2.7.  How would I install the Tweepy api properly on Python 3.1?\n2)  My default Python when run from terminal is 2.6.1 and I would like to make it 3.1 so I don't have to type python3.1.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1565,"Q_Id":3631828,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Update: The comments below have some solid points against this technique. \n2) What OS are you running? Generally, there is a symlink somewhere in your system, which points from 'python' to 'pythonx.x', where x.x is the version number preferred by your operating system. On Linux, there is a symlink \/usr\/bin\/python, which points to (on Ubuntu 10.04) \/usr\/bin\/python2.6 on a standard installation.\nJust manually change the current link to point to the python3.1 binary, and you are fine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tweepy","A_Id":3631888,"CreationDate":"2010-09-02T22:39:00.000","Title":"Python defaults and using tweepy api","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Python to parse an auction site.\nIf I use browser to open this site, it will go to a loading page, then jump to the search result page automatically.\nIf I use urllib2 to open the webpage, the read() method only return the loading page.\nIs there any python package could wait until all contents are loaded then read() method return all results?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":862,"Q_Id":3637681,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"How does the search page work? If it loads anything using Ajax, you could do some basic reverse engineering and find the URLs involved using Firebug's Net panel or Wireshark and then use urllib2 to load those.\nIf it's more complicated than that, you could simulate the actions JS performs manually without loading and interpreting JavaScript. It all depends on how the search page works.\nLastly, I know there are ways to run scripting on pages without a browser, since that's what some functional testing suites do, but my guess is that this could be the most complicated approach.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":3637740,"CreationDate":"2010-09-03T16:26:00.000","Title":"How to parse a web use javascript to load .html by Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i'm crawling an SNS with crawler written in python\nit works for a long time, but few days ago, the webpages got from my severs were ERROR 403 FORBIDDEN.\ni tried to change the cookie, change the browser, change the account, but all failed.\nand it seems that are the forbidden severs are in the same network segment.\nwhat can i do? steal someone else's ip? = =...\nthx a lot","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2076,"Q_Id":3648525,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Looks like you've been blacklisted at the router level in that subnet, perhaps because you (or somebody else in the subnet) was violating terms of use, robots.txt, max crawling frequency as specified in a site-map, or something like that.\nThe solution is not technical, but social: contact the webmaster, be properly apologetic, learn what exactly you (or one of your associates) had done wrong, convincingly promise to never do it again, apologize again until they remove the blacklisting.  If you can give that webmaster any reason why they should want to let you crawl that site (e.g., your crawling feeds a search engine that will bring them traffic, or something like this), so much the better!-)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,http-status-code-403","A_Id":3648748,"CreationDate":"2010-09-06T01:19:00.000","Title":"how to crawl a 403 forbidden SNS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have to migrate data to OpenERP through XMLRPC by using TerminatOOOR.\nI send a name with value \"Rotule right Aur\u00e9lia\".\nIn Python the name with be encoded with value : 'Rotule right Aur\\xc3\\xa9lia '\nBut in TerminatOOOR (xmlrpc client) the data is encoded with value 'Rotule middle Aur\\357\\277\\275lia'\nSo in the server side, the data value is not decoded correctly and I get bad data.  \nThe terminateOOOR is a ruby plugin for Kettle ( Java product) and I guess it should encode data by utf-8.\nI just don't know why it happens like this.\nAny help?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1981,"Q_Id":3651031,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This issue comes from Kettle.\nMy program is using Kettle to get an Excel file, get the active sheet and transfer the data in that sheet to TerminateOOOR for further handling.\nAt the phase of reading data from Excel file, Kettle can not recognize the encoding then it gives bad data to TerminateOOOR.  \nMy work around solution is manually exporting excel to csv before giving data to TerminateOOOR. By doing this, I don't use the feature to mapping excel column name a variable name (used by kettle).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ruby,unicode,xml-rpc","A_Id":3698942,"CreationDate":"2010-09-06T11:23:00.000","Title":"Handling unicode data in XMLRPC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have substantial PHP experience, although I realize that PHP probably isn't the best language for a large-scale web crawler because a process can't run indefinitely. What languages do people suggest?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6849,"Q_Id":3664016,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could consider using a combination of python and PyGtkMozEmbed or PyWebKitGtk plus javascript to create your spider.\nThe spidering could be done in javascript after the page and all other scripts have loaded.\nYou'd have one of the few web spiders that supports javascript, and might pick up some hidden stuff the others don't see :)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,c++,python,web-crawler","A_Id":3664065,"CreationDate":"2010-09-08T01:27:00.000","Title":"What languages are good for writing a web crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have substantial PHP experience, although I realize that PHP probably isn't the best language for a large-scale web crawler because a process can't run indefinitely. What languages do people suggest?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":-0.0855049882,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6849,"Q_Id":3664016,"Users Score":-3,"Answer":"C# and C++ are probably the best two languages for this, it's just a matter of which you know better and which is faster (C# is probably easier).\nI wouldn't recommend Python, Javascript, or PHP. They will usually be slower in text processing compared to a C-family language. If you're looking to crawl any significant chunk of the web, you'll need all the speed you can get.\nI've used C# and the HtmlAgilityPack to do so before, it works relatively well and is pretty easy to pick up. The ability to use a lot of the same commands to work with HTML as you would XML makes it nice (I had experience working with XML in C#).\nYou might want to test the speed of available C# HTML parsing libraries vs C++ parsing libraries. I know in my app, I was running through 60-70 fairly messy pages a second and pulling a good bit of data out of each (but that was a site with a pretty constant layout).\nEdit: I notice you mentioned accessing a database. Both C++ and C# have libraries to work with most common database systems, from SQLite (which would be great for a quick crawler on a few sites) to midrange engines like MySQL and MSSQL up to the bigger DB engines (I've never used Oracle or DB2 from either language, but it's possible).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,c++,python,web-crawler","A_Id":3664086,"CreationDate":"2010-09-08T01:27:00.000","Title":"What languages are good for writing a web crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have substantial PHP experience, although I realize that PHP probably isn't the best language for a large-scale web crawler because a process can't run indefinitely. What languages do people suggest?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6849,"Q_Id":3664016,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Any language you can easily use with a good network library and support for parsing the formats you want to crawl. Those are really the only qualifications.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,c++,python,web-crawler","A_Id":3664054,"CreationDate":"2010-09-08T01:27:00.000","Title":"What languages are good for writing a web crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have substantial PHP experience, although I realize that PHP probably isn't the best language for a large-scale web crawler because a process can't run indefinitely. What languages do people suggest?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6849,"Q_Id":3664016,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"C++ - if you know what you're doing. You will not need a web server and a web application, because a web crawler is just a client, after all.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,c++,python,web-crawler","A_Id":3664049,"CreationDate":"2010-09-08T01:27:00.000","Title":"What languages are good for writing a web crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I m trying to use smtp class from Python 2.6.4 to send smtp email from a WinXP VMware machine.\nAfter the send method is called, I always got this error:\nsocket.error: [Errno 10061] No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it.\nFew stuff I noticed:\n\nThe same code works in the physical WinXP machine with user in\/not in the domain, connected to the same smtp server.\nIf I use the smtp server which is setup in the same VM machine, then it works.\n\nAny help is appreciate!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":828,"Q_Id":3664438,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The phrase \"...because the target machine actively refused it\" usually means there's a firewall that drops any unauthorized connections. Is there a firewall service on the SMTP server that's blocking the WinXP VM's IP address?\nOr, more likely: Is the SMTP server not configured to accept relays from the WinXP VM's IP address?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,email,smtp,vmware","A_Id":3668622,"CreationDate":"2010-09-08T03:23:00.000","Title":"Python smtp connection is always failed in a VMware Windows machine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing an email client in Python.\nIs it possible to check if an email contains an attachement just from the e-mail header without downloading the whole E-Mail?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2147,"Q_Id":3676344,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"\"attachment\" is quite a broad term. Is an image for HTML message an attachment? \nIn general, you can try analyzing content-type header. If it's multipart\/mixed, most likely the message contains an attachment.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,email,imap,imaplib","A_Id":3676393,"CreationDate":"2010-09-09T12:05:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to check if an email contains an attachement just from the e-mail header?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can anyone point me towards tutorials for using the Python API in Ntop (other than that Luca Deris paper)?\nIn web interfaces there is about > online documentation > python engine but I think this link has an error. Does anyone have access to that document to re-post online for me?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1189,"Q_Id":3686080,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If you have ntop installed you can look at the example files in \/usr\/share\/ntop\/python (that's where they're at in the Ubuntu package version, at least).\nIf you have epydoc installed you can run make from within the  \/usr\/share\/ntop\/python\/docs directory to generate the documentation. Once you do that the About > Online Documentation > Python ntop Engine > Python API link will work correctly (it seems like a bug that it requires work on the part of the user to fix that link).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":7302974,"CreationDate":"2010-09-10T15:46:00.000","Title":"Ntop Python API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there anyway I can parse a website by just viewing the content as displayed to the user in his browser? That is, instead of downloading \"page.htm\"l and starting to parse the whole page with all the HTML\/javascript tags, I will be able to retrieve the version as displayed to users in their browsers. I would like to \"crawl\" websites and rank them according to keywords popularity (viewing the HTML source version is problematic for that purpose).\nThanks!\nJoel","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":82,"Q_Id":3690560,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could get the source and strip the tags out, leaving only non-tag text, which works for almost all pages, except those where JavaScript-generated content is essential.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":3690576,"CreationDate":"2010-09-11T10:09:00.000","Title":"Counting content only in HTML page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there anyway I can parse a website by just viewing the content as displayed to the user in his browser? That is, instead of downloading \"page.htm\"l and starting to parse the whole page with all the HTML\/javascript tags, I will be able to retrieve the version as displayed to users in their browsers. I would like to \"crawl\" websites and rank them according to keywords popularity (viewing the HTML source version is problematic for that purpose).\nThanks!\nJoel","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":82,"Q_Id":3690560,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A browser also downloads the page.html and then renders it. You should work the same way. Use a html parser like lxml.html or BeautifulSoup, using those you can ask for only the text enclosed within tags (and arguments you do like, like title and alt attributes).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":3690865,"CreationDate":"2010-09-11T10:09:00.000","Title":"Counting content only in HTML page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm moving some tests from Selenium to the WebDriver. My problem is that I can't find an equivalent for selenium.wait_for_condition. Do the Python bindings have this at the moment, or is it still planned?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3806,"Q_Id":3694508,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The Java binding include a Wait class. This class repeatedly checks for a condition (with sleeps between) until a timeout is reached. If you can detect the completion of your Javascript using the normal API, you can take the same approach.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":3743112,"CreationDate":"2010-09-12T10:37:00.000","Title":"selenium.wait_for_condition equivalent in Python bindings for WebDriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can we call the CLI executables commands using Python\nFor example i have 3 linux servers which are at the remote location and i want to execute some commands on those servers like finding the version of the operating system or executing any other commands. So how can we do this in Python. I know this is done through some sort of web service (SOAP or REST) or API but i am not sure....... So could you all please guide me.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":170,"Q_Id":3699268,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Depends on how you want to design your software.\nYou could do stand-alone scripts as servers listening for requests on specific ports,\nor you could use a webserver which runs python scripts so you just have to access a URL.\nREST is one option to implement the latter.\nYou should then look for frameworks for REST development with python, or if it\u2019s simple logic with not so many possible requests can do it on your own as a web-script.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,web-services,api,soap","A_Id":3699299,"CreationDate":"2010-09-13T09:41:00.000","Title":"How can we call the CLI executables commands using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a project that requires me to collect a large list of URLs to websites about certain topics. I would like to write a script that will use google to search specific terms, then save the URLs from the results to a file. How would I go about doing this? I have used a module called xgoogle, but it always returned no results.\nI am using Python 2.6 on Windows 7.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":402,"Q_Id":3732595,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Make sure that you change the User-Agent of urllib2. The default one tends to get blocked by Google. Make sure that you obey the terms of use of the search engine that you're scripting.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,search,hyperlink","A_Id":3732721,"CreationDate":"2010-09-17T04:04:00.000","Title":"Search Crawling \"Bot\"?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am going to write a TCP server, the client sends me XML message, I am wondering if below condition will happen and how to avoid that:\n1) client sends <cmd ...><\/cmd>\n2) sever is busy doing something\n3) clients sends <cmd ...><\/cmd>\n4) server does a recv() and put the string to buffer\nWill the buffer be filled with <cmd ...><\/cmd><cmd ...><\/cmd> or even worse <cmd ...><\/cmd><cmd ... if my buffer is not big enough?\nWhat I want is the TCP stack divides the messages to the same pieces as how clients sent them.\nIs it doable?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":772,"Q_Id":3733363,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You often write clients in the plural form: are there several clients connecting to your server? In this case, each client should be using its own TCP stream, and the issue you are describing should never occur.\nIf the various commands are send from a single client, then you should write your client code so that it waits for the answer to a command before issuing the next one.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,tcp","A_Id":3733452,"CreationDate":"2010-09-17T07:20:00.000","Title":"TCP server: how to avoid message overlapping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am going to write a TCP server, the client sends me XML message, I am wondering if below condition will happen and how to avoid that:\n1) client sends <cmd ...><\/cmd>\n2) sever is busy doing something\n3) clients sends <cmd ...><\/cmd>\n4) server does a recv() and put the string to buffer\nWill the buffer be filled with <cmd ...><\/cmd><cmd ...><\/cmd> or even worse <cmd ...><\/cmd><cmd ... if my buffer is not big enough?\nWhat I want is the TCP stack divides the messages to the same pieces as how clients sent them.\nIs it doable?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":772,"Q_Id":3733363,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"This is impossible to guarantee at the TCP level, since it only knows about streams.\nDepending on the XML parser you're using, you should be able to feed it the stream and have it tell you when it has a complete object, leaving the second <cmd... in its buffer until it is closed also.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,tcp","A_Id":3733419,"CreationDate":"2010-09-17T07:20:00.000","Title":"TCP server: how to avoid message overlapping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible that CherryPy, in its default configuration, is caching the responses to one or more of my request handlers?  And, if so, how do I turn that off?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2007,"Q_Id":3736606,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"CherryPy has a caching Tool, but it's never on by default. Most HTTP responses are cacheable by default, though, so look for an intermediate cache between your client and server. Look at the browser first.\nIf you're not sure whether or not your content is being cached, compare the Date response header to the current time.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http,cherrypy","A_Id":3737124,"CreationDate":"2010-09-17T15:15:00.000","Title":"How to determine if CherryPy is caching responses?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a simple workflow [Step 0]->[1]->[2]->...->[Step N]. The master program knows the step (state) it is currently at.\nI want to stream this in real time to a website (in the local area network) so that when my colleagues open, say, http:\/\/thecomputer:8000, they can see a real time rendering of the current state of our workflow with any relevant details.\nI've tought about writing the state of the script to an StringIO object (streaming to it) and use Javascript to refresh the browser, but I honestly have no idea how to actually do this.\nAny advice?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":880,"Q_Id":3739296,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could have the python script write an xml file that you get with an ajax request in your web page, and get the status info from that.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"javascript,python,streaming,real-time","A_Id":3739311,"CreationDate":"2010-09-17T21:47:00.000","Title":"Streaming the state of a Python script to a website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to see if I can access an online API, but for that, I need to have Internet access.\nHow can I see if there's a connection available and active using Python?","AnswerCount":21,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":229860,"Q_Id":3764291,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"You can just try to download data, and if connection fail you will know that somethings with connection isn't fine.\nBasically you can't check if computer is connected to internet. There can be many reasons for failure, like wrong DNS configuration, firewalls, NAT. So even if you make some tests, you can't have guaranteed that you will have connection with your API until you try.","Q_Score":162,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":3764315,"CreationDate":"2010-09-21T20:39:00.000","Title":"How can I see if there's an available and active network connection in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to see if I can access an online API, but for that, I need to have Internet access.\nHow can I see if there's a connection available and active using Python?","AnswerCount":21,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.047583087,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":229860,"Q_Id":3764291,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Try the operation you were attempting to do anyway. If it fails python should throw you an exception to let you know.\nTo try some trivial operation first to detect a connection will be introducing a race condition. What if the internet connection is valid when you test but goes down before you need to do actual work?","Q_Score":162,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":3764759,"CreationDate":"2010-09-21T20:39:00.000","Title":"How can I see if there's an available and active network connection in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently working on exposing data from legacy system over the web. I have a (legacy) server application that sends and receives data over UDP. The software uses UDP to send sequential updates to a given set of variables in (near) real-time (updates every 5-10 ms). thus, I do not need to capture all UDP data -- it is sufficient that the latest update is retrieved.\nIn order to expose this data over the web, I am considering building a lightweight web server that reads\/write UDP data and exposes this data over HTTP.\nAs I am experienced with Python, I am considering to use it.\nThe question is the following: how can I (continuously) read data from UDP and send snapshots of it over TCP\/HTTP on-demand with Python? So basically, I am trying to build a kind of \"UDP2HTTP\" adapter to interface with the legacy app so that I wouldn't need to touch the legacy code.\nA solution that is WSGI compliant would be much preferred. Of course any tips are very welcome and MUCH appreciated!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4771,"Q_Id":3768019,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The software uses UDP to send sequential updates to a given set of variables in (near) real-time (updates every 5-10 ms). thus, I do not need to capture all UDP data -- it is sufficient that the latest update is retrieved\n\nWhat you must do is this.\nStep 1.\nBuild a Python app that collects the UDP data and caches it into a file.  Create the file using XML, CSV or JSON notation.\nThis runs independently as some kind of daemon.  This is your listener or collector. \nWrite the file to a directory from which it can be trivially downloaded by Apache or some other web server.  Choose names and directory paths wisely and you're done.\nDone.\nIf you want fancier results, you can do more.  You don't need to, since you're already done.\nStep 2.  \nBuild a web application that allows someone to request this data being accumulated by the UDP listener or collector.\nUse a web framework like Django for this.  Write as little as possible.  Django can serve flat files created by your listener.\nYou're done.  Again.\nSome folks think relational databases are important.  If so, you can do this.  Even though you're already done.\nStep 3.\nModify your data collection to create a database that the Django ORM can query.  This requires some learning and some adjusting to get a tidy, simple ORM model.\nThen write your final Django application to serve the UDP data being collected by your listener and loaded into your Django database.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,wsgi","A_Id":3768227,"CreationDate":"2010-09-22T09:44:00.000","Title":"How to serve data from UDP stream over HTTP in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to use python's imaplib to create an email and send it to a mailbox with specific name, e.g. INBOX. Anyone has some great suggestion :).","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":-1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":18674,"Q_Id":3769701,"Users Score":-6,"Answer":"No idea how they do it but doesn't Microsoft Outlook let you move an email from a local folder to a remote IMAP folder?","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,imaplib","A_Id":3787209,"CreationDate":"2010-09-22T13:28:00.000","Title":"How to create an email and send it to specific mailbox with imaplib","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"how do i run a python program that is received by a client from server without writing it into a new python file?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":387,"Q_Id":3798067,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Dcolish's answer is good. I'm not sure the idea of executing code that comes in on a network interface is good in itself, though - you will need to take care to verify that you can trust the sending party, especially if this interface is going to be exposed to the Internet or really any production network.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":3805092,"CreationDate":"2010-09-26T13:49:00.000","Title":"network programming in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using web2py for an intranet site and need to get current login windows user id in my controller. Whether any function is available?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":996,"Q_Id":3798606,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you mean you need code at the server to know the windows id of the current browser user, web2py isn't going to be able to tell you that.  Windows authentication has nothing to do with web protocols.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,windows,web2py","A_Id":3798630,"CreationDate":"2010-09-26T16:04:00.000","Title":"How to get windows user id in web2py for an intranet application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I changed my domain from abc.com to xyz.com. After that my facebook authentication is not working.\nIt is throwing a key error KeyError: 'access_token'I am using python as my language.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":186,"Q_Id":3806082,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You probably need to update the domain in the facebook settings\/api key which allow you access.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook","A_Id":3806101,"CreationDate":"2010-09-27T17:08:00.000","Title":"My facebook authentication is not working?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any python function that validates E-mail addresses, aware of IDN domains ?\nFor instance, user@example.com should be as correct as user@z\u00e4\u00e4z.de or user@\u7d0d\u8c46.ac.jp\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":548,"Q_Id":3806393,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It is very difficult to validate an e-mail address because the syntax is so flexible. The best strategy is to send a test e-mail to the entered address.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":3806787,"CreationDate":"2010-09-27T17:43:00.000","Title":"Function to validate an E-mail (IDN aware)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been searching on this but can't seem to find an exact answer (most get into more complicated things like multithreading, etc), I just want to do something like a Try, Except statement where if the process doesn't finish within X number of seconds it will throw an exception.\nEDIT: The reason for this is that I am using a website testing software (selenium) with a configuration that sometimes causes it to hang. It doesn't throw an error, doesn't timeout or do anything so I have no way of catching it. I am wondering what the best way is to determine that this has occured so I can move on in my application, so I was thinking if I could do something like, \"if this hasn't finished by X seconds... move on\".","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6285,"Q_Id":3810869,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can't do it without some sort of multithreading or multiprocessing, even if that's hidden under some layers of abstraction, unless that \"process\" you're running is specifically designed for asynchronicity and calls-back to a known function once in a while.\nIf you describe what that process actually is, it will be easier to provide real solutions. I don't think that you appreciate the power of Python where it comes to implementations that are succinct while being complete. This may take just a few lines of code to implement, even if using multithreading\/multiprocessing.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,error-handling,timeout","A_Id":3810878,"CreationDate":"2010-09-28T08:15:00.000","Title":"Python, Timeout of Try, Except Statement after X number of seconds?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is the URL of page on the Internet. I need to get a screenshot of this page (no matter in which browser). \nI need a script (PHP, Python (even Django framework)) that receives the URL (string) and output screenshot-file at the exit (file gif, png, jpg).\nUPD:\nI need dynamically create a page where opposite to URL will be placed screenshot of the page with the same URL.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":31489,"Q_Id":3811674,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are family with Python, you can use PyQt4. This library supports to get screenshot from a url.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"php,python,django,url,screenshot","A_Id":21106018,"CreationDate":"2010-09-28T10:08:00.000","Title":"Convert URL to screenshot (script)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I know if a node that is being accessed using TCP socket is alive or if the connection was interrupted and other errors?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":240,"Q_Id":3813451,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can't.  Any intermediate nodes can drop your packets or the reply packets from the remote node.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,system,distributed","A_Id":3813510,"CreationDate":"2010-09-28T13:51:00.000","Title":"Python socket programming","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wish to set the namespace prefix in xml.etree. I found register_namespace(prefix, url) on the Web but this threw \"unknown attribute\". I have also tried nsmap=NSMAP but this also fails. I'd be grateful for example syntax that shows how to add specified namespace prefixes","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1128,"Q_Id":3814365,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"register_namespace was only introduced in lxml 2.3 (still beta)\nI believe you can provide an nsmap parameter (dictionary with prefix-uri mappings) when creating an element, but I don't think you can change it for an existing element. (there is an .nsmap property on the element, but changing that doesn't seem to work. There is also a .prefix property on the element, but that's read-only)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml.etree","A_Id":3814788,"CreationDate":"2010-09-28T15:28:00.000","Title":"how to set namespace prefixes in xml.etree","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i wrote a py script to fetch page from web,it just read write permission enough,so my question is when we need execute permission?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6642,"Q_Id":3822336,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Read\/write is enough if you want to run it by typing python file.py.  If you want to run it directly as if it were a compiled program, e.g. .\/file.py, then you need execute permission (and the appropriate hash-bang line at the top).","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,permissions,chmod","A_Id":3822354,"CreationDate":"2010-09-29T14:01:00.000","Title":"when we need chmod +x file.py","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i wrote a py script to fetch page from web,it just read write permission enough,so my question is when we need execute permission?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6642,"Q_Id":3822336,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want to be able to run it directly with $ file.py then you'll need the execute bit set. Otherwise you can run it with $ python file.py.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,permissions,chmod","A_Id":3822352,"CreationDate":"2010-09-29T14:01:00.000","Title":"when we need chmod +x file.py","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i wrote a py script to fetch page from web,it just read write permission enough,so my question is when we need execute permission?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6642,"Q_Id":3822336,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"It's required to do so if you need to run the script in this way: .\/file.py. Keep in mind though, you need to put the path of python at the very top of the script: #!\/usr\/bin\/python.\nBut wait, you need to make sure you have the proper path, to do that execute: which python.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,permissions,chmod","A_Id":3822410,"CreationDate":"2010-09-29T14:01:00.000","Title":"when we need chmod +x file.py","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The situation is that I have a small datacenter, with each server running python instances. It's not your usual distributed worker setup, as each server has a specific role with an appropriate long-running process.\nI'm looking for good ways to implement the the cross-server communication. REST seems like overkill. XML-RPC seems nice, but I haven't played with it yet. What other libraries should I be looking at to get this done?\nRequirements:\nComputation servers crunch numbers in the background. Other servers would like to occasionally ask them for values, based upon their calculation sets. I know this seems pretty well aligned with a REST mentality, but I'm curious about other options.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":196,"Q_Id":3823420,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It wasn't obvious from your question but if getting answers back synchronously doesn't matter to you (i.e., you are just asking for work to be performed) you might want to consider just using a job queue. It's generally the easiest way to communicate between hosts. If you don't mind depending on AWS using SQS is super simple. If you can't depend on AWS then you might want to try something like RabbitMQ. Many times problems that we think need to be communicated synchronously are really just queues in disguise.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,network-protocols","A_Id":3824612,"CreationDate":"2010-09-29T15:57:00.000","Title":"What are good specs\/libraries for closed network communication in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I call selenium.get_text(\"foo\") on a certain element it returns back a different value depending on what browser I am working in due to the way each browser handles newlines.\nExample:\nAn elements string is \"hello[newline]how are you today?[newline]Very well, thank you.\"\nWhen selenium gets this back from IE it gets the string \"hello\\nhow are you today?\\nVery well, thank you.\"\nWhen selenium gets this back from Firefox it gets the string \"hello\\n how are you today?\\n Very well, thank you.\"\n(Notice that IE changes [newline] into '\\n' and Firefox changes it into '\\n ')\nIs there anyway using selenium\/python that I can easily strip out this discrepancy?\nI thought about using .replace(\"\\n \", \"\\n\"), but that would cause issues if there was an intended space after a newline (for whatever reason).\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1614,"Q_Id":3824734,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I ended up just doing a check of what browser I was running and then returning the string with the '\\n ' replaced with '\\n' if the browser was firefox.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":3825411,"CreationDate":"2010-09-29T18:31:00.000","Title":"Selenium and Python: remove \\n from returned selenium.get_text()","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a script that runs continuously when invoked and every 5 minutes checks my gmail inbox. To get it to run every 5 minutes I am using the time.sleep() function. However I would like user to end the script anytime my pressing q, which it seems cant be done when using time.sleep(). Any suggestions on how i can do this?\nAli","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5470,"Q_Id":3836620,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you really wanted to (and wanted to waste a lot of resources), you could cut your loop into 200 ms chunks. So sleep 200 ms, check input, repeat until five minutes elapse, and then check your inbox. I wouldn't recommend it, though.\nWhile it's sleeping, though, the process is blocked and won't receive input until the sleep ends.\nOh, as an added note, if you hit the key while it's sleeping, it should still go into the buffer, so it'll get pulled out when the sleep ends and input is finally read, IIRC.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,continuous","A_Id":3836650,"CreationDate":"2010-10-01T04:51:00.000","Title":"Continous loop and exiting in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I just need to write a simple python CGI script to parse the contents of a POST request containing JSON.  This is only test code so that I can test a client application until the actual server is ready (written by someone else).\nI can read the cgi.FieldStorage() and dump the keys() but the request body containing the JSON is nowhere to be found.\nI can also dump the os.environ() which provides lots of info except that I do not see a variable containing the request body.\nAny input appreciated.\nChris","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8362,"Q_Id":3836828,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"notice that if you call cgi.FieldStorage() before in your code, you can't get the body data from stdin, because it just be read once.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,parsing,cgi,request","A_Id":39910366,"CreationDate":"2010-10-01T05:49:00.000","Title":"How to parse the \"request body\" using python CGI?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a list of xml examples I would like to turn into schemas (xsd files). Exactly what the trang tool does (http:\/\/www.thaiopensource.com\/relaxng\/trang.html). I don't like calling trang from my script (i.e doing os.system('java -jar trang...')) - is there a python package I can use instead?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":387,"Q_Id":3849632,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are running Jython (http:\/\/jython.org\/) then you could import trang and run it internally.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,xsd","A_Id":5188517,"CreationDate":"2010-10-03T11:59:00.000","Title":"Python: Is there a way to generate xsd files based on xml examples","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a server with two separate Ethernet connections. When I bind a socket in python it defaults to one of the two networks. How do I pull a multicast stream from the second network in Python? I have tried calling bind using the server's IP address on the second network, but that hasn't worked.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":9358,"Q_Id":3859090,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I figured it out. It turns out that the piece I was missing was adding the interface to the mreq structure that is used in adding membership to a multicast group.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking","A_Id":3873419,"CreationDate":"2010-10-04T21:04:00.000","Title":"Choosing multicast network interface in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I call shutdown() in a SocketServer after receiving a certain message \"exit\"? As I know, the call to serve_forever() will block the server.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3881,"Q_Id":3863281,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"No the serve_forever is checking a flag on a regular basis (by default 0.5 sec). Calling shutdown will raise this flag and cause the serve_forever to end.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,sockets,socketserver","A_Id":3863539,"CreationDate":"2010-10-05T11:40:00.000","Title":"Python SocketServer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im using scrapy to crawl a news website on a daily basis. How do i  restrict scrapy from scraping already scraped URLs. Also is there any clear documentation or examples on SgmlLinkExtractor.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9648,"Q_Id":3871613,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think jama22's answer is a little incomplete. \nIn the snippet if self.FILTER_VISITED in x.meta:, you can see that you require FILTER_VISITED in your Request instance in order for that request to be ignored. This is to ensure that you can differentiate between links that you want to traverse and move around and item links that well, you don't want to see again.","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":8830983,"CreationDate":"2010-10-06T10:38:00.000","Title":"Scrapy - how to identify already scraped urls","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Im using scrapy to crawl a news website on a daily basis. How do i  restrict scrapy from scraping already scraped URLs. Also is there any clear documentation or examples on SgmlLinkExtractor.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9648,"Q_Id":3871613,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Scrapy can auto-filter urls which are scraped, isn't it? Some different urls point to the same page will not be filtered, such as \"www.xxx.com\/home\/\" and \"www.xxx.com\/home\/index.html\".","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":13578588,"CreationDate":"2010-10-06T10:38:00.000","Title":"Scrapy - how to identify already scraped urls","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running my code on multiple VPSes (with more than one IP, which are set up as aliases to the network interfaces) and I am trying to figure out a way such that my code acquires the IP addresses from the network interfaces on the fly and bind to it. Any ideas on how to do it in python without adding a 3rd party library ?\nEdit I know about socket.gethostbyaddr(socket.gethostname()) and about the 3rd party package netifaces, but I am looking for something more elegant from the standard library ... and parsing the output of the ifconfig command is not something elegant :)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":118,"Q_Id":3881951,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The IP addresses are assigned to your VPSes, no possibility to change them on the fly.\nYou have to open a SSH tunnel to or install a proxy on your VPSes.\nI think a SSH tunnel would be the best way how to do it, and then use it as SOCKS5 proxy from Python.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":3882193,"CreationDate":"2010-10-07T13:10:00.000","Title":"figuring out how to get all of the public ips of a machine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to show .ppt (PowerPoint) files uploaded by my user on my website. I could do this by converting them into Flash files, then showing the Flash files on the web page. But I don't want to use Flash to do this. I want to show it, like google docs shows, without using Flash.\nI've already solved the problem for .pdf files by converting them into images using ImageMagick, but now I have trouble with .ppt files.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1773,"Q_Id":3882249,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Now i found a solution to showing .ppt file on my website without using the flash \nthe solution is:\njust convert the .ppt file to .pdf files using any language or using software(e.g. open office) and then use Imagemagick to convert that .pdf into image and show to your web page \nonce again thanks to you all for answering my question.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,c++,python,powerpoint,google-docs","A_Id":3899697,"CreationDate":"2010-10-07T13:45:00.000","Title":"How google docs shows my .PPT files without using a flash viewer?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"On my linux machine, 1 of 3 network interfaces may be actually connected to the internet. I need to get the IP address of the currently connected interface, keeping in mind that my other 2 interfaces may be assigned IP addresses, just not be connected.\nI can just ping a website through each of my interfaces to determine which one has connectivity, but I'd like to get this faster than waiting for a ping time out. And I'd like to not have to rely on an external website being up.\nUpdate:\nAll my interfaces may have ip addresses and gateways. This is for an embedded device. So we allow the user to choose between say eth0 and eth1. But if there's no connection on the interface that the user tells us to use, we fall back to say eth2 which (in theory) will always work.\nSo what I need to do is first check if the user's selection is connected and if so return that IP. Otherwise I need to get the ip of eth2. I can get the IPs of the interfaces just fine, it's just determining which one is actually connected.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2443,"Q_Id":3885160,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the default gateway for the system is reliable, then grab that from the output from route -n the line that contains \" UG \" (note the spaces) will also contain the IP of the gateway and interface name of the active interface.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,networking,ip-address","A_Id":3885255,"CreationDate":"2010-10-07T19:24:00.000","Title":"Determine IP address of CONNECTED interface (linux) in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using just python, is it possible to possible to use a USB flash drive to serve files locally to a browser, and save information off the online web?\nIdeally I would only need python.\nWhere would I start?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":195,"Q_Id":3885519,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This doesn't seem much different then serving files from a local hard drive.  You could map the thumbdrive to always be something not currently used on your machine (like U:).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-services,usb","A_Id":3885544,"CreationDate":"2010-10-07T20:13:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to use a USB flash drive to serve files locally to a browser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have client for web interface to long running process. I'd like to have output from that process to be displayed as it comes. Works great with urllib.urlopen(), but it doesn't have timeout parameter. On the other hand with urllib2.urlopen() the output is buffered. Is there a easy way to disable that buffer?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1600,"Q_Id":3888812,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A quick hack that has occurred to me is to use urllib.urlopen() with threading.Timer() to emulate timeout. But that's only quick and dirty hack.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urllib,buffering,urlopen","A_Id":3888827,"CreationDate":"2010-10-08T08:20:00.000","Title":"unbuffered urllib2.urlopen","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to stream my webcam form my local machine that's connected to the internet to show up on my website without using any media server or something similar?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":807,"Q_Id":3890271,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could do it with some kind of java applet or flash\/silverlight application, just look at sites like \"chat roulette\"","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,webcam","A_Id":3890377,"CreationDate":"2010-10-08T12:03:00.000","Title":"How to stream my webcam through my site?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"OK so im using websockets to let javascript talk to python and that works very well BUT the data i need to send often has several parts like an array, (username,time,text) but how could i send it ? I originally though to encode each one in base64 or urlencode then use a character like | which those encoding methods will never use and then split the information. Unfortunately i cant find a method which both python and javascript can both do.\nSo the question, is there a encoding method which bath can do OR is there a different better way i can send the data because i havent really done anything like this before. (I have but AJAX requests and i send that data URL encoded). Also im not sending miles of text, about 100bytes at a time if that.\nthankyou !\nedit\nMost comments point to JSON,so, Whats the best convert to use for javascript because javascript stupidly cant convert string to JSON,or the other way round.\nFinished\nWell jaascript does have a native way to convert javascript to string, its just hidden form the world. JSON.stringify(obj, [replacer], [space]) to convert it to a string and JSON.parse(string, [reviver]) to convert it back","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1908,"Q_Id":3890390,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"JSON is definitely the way to go. It has a very small overhead and is capable of storing almost any kind of data. I am not a python expert, but i am sure that there is some kind of en\/decoder available.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,sockets,encoding","A_Id":3890407,"CreationDate":"2010-10-08T12:22:00.000","Title":"Python to javascript communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to expose an RS232 connection to clients via a network socket. I plan to write in python a TCP socket server which will listen on some port, allow client to connect and handle outgoing and manage and control requests and replies to from the R2232 port. \nMy question is, how do I synchronize the clients, each client will send some string to the serial port and after the reply is sent back I need to return that client the result. Only then do I need to process the next request. \nHow to I synchronize access to the serial port ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1048,"Q_Id":3900403,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The simplest way is to simply accept a connection, handle the request, and close the connection. This way, your program handles only one request at a time.\nAn alternative is to use locking or semaphores, to prevent multiple clients accessing the RS232 port simultaneously.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,serial-port","A_Id":3900446,"CreationDate":"2010-10-10T13:03:00.000","Title":"Writing a TCP to RS232 driver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"maybe this is a noob question, but I'm receiving some data over TCP and when I look at the string I get the following:\n\\x00\\r\\xeb\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01t\\x00\nWhat is that \\r character, and what does the t in \\x01t mean?\nI've tried Googling, but I'm not sure what to Google for...\nthanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":819,"Q_Id":3906903,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"\\r is a carriage return (0x0d), the t is a t.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,character,bits","A_Id":3906938,"CreationDate":"2010-10-11T14:00:00.000","Title":"Non-binary(hex) characters in string received over TCP with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Let's say there is a server on the internet that one can send a piece of code to for evaluation. At some point server takes all code that has been submitted, and starts running and evaluating it. However, at some point it will definitely bump into \"os.system('rm -rf *')\" sent by some evil programmer. Apart from \"rm -rf\" you could expect people try using the server to send spam or dos someone, or fool around with \"while True: pass\" kind of things.\nIs there a way to coop with such unfriendly\/untrusted code? In particular I'm interested in a solution for python. However if you have info for any other language, please share.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.057080742,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5900,"Q_Id":3910223,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It's impossible to provide an absolute solution for this because the definition of 'bad' is pretty hard to nail down.\nIs opening and writing to a file bad or good? What if that file is \/dev\/ram?\nYou can profile signatures of behavior, or you can try to block anything that might be bad, but you'll never win. Javascript is a pretty good example of this, people run arbitrary javascript code all the time on their computers -- it's supposed to be sandboxed but there's all sorts of security problems and edge conditions that crop up.\nI'm not saying don't try, you'll learn a lot from the process.\nMany companies have spent millions (Intel just spent billions on McAffee) trying to understand how to detect 'bad code' -- and every day machines running McAffe anti-virus get infected with viruses. Python code isn't any less dangerous than C. You can run system calls, bind to C libraries, etc.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,trusted-vs-untrusted","A_Id":3910435,"CreationDate":"2010-10-11T21:53:00.000","Title":"sandbox to execute possibly unfriendly python code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Let's say there is a server on the internet that one can send a piece of code to for evaluation. At some point server takes all code that has been submitted, and starts running and evaluating it. However, at some point it will definitely bump into \"os.system('rm -rf *')\" sent by some evil programmer. Apart from \"rm -rf\" you could expect people try using the server to send spam or dos someone, or fool around with \"while True: pass\" kind of things.\nIs there a way to coop with such unfriendly\/untrusted code? In particular I'm interested in a solution for python. However if you have info for any other language, please share.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5900,"Q_Id":3910223,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think a fix like this is going to be really hard and it reminds me of a lecture I attended about the benefits of programming in a virtual environment. \nIf you're doing it virtually its cool if they bugger it. It wont solve a while True: pass but rm -rf \/ won't matter.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,trusted-vs-untrusted","A_Id":3910850,"CreationDate":"2010-10-11T21:53:00.000","Title":"sandbox to execute possibly unfriendly python code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Let's say there is a server on the internet that one can send a piece of code to for evaluation. At some point server takes all code that has been submitted, and starts running and evaluating it. However, at some point it will definitely bump into \"os.system('rm -rf *')\" sent by some evil programmer. Apart from \"rm -rf\" you could expect people try using the server to send spam or dos someone, or fool around with \"while True: pass\" kind of things.\nIs there a way to coop with such unfriendly\/untrusted code? In particular I'm interested in a solution for python. However if you have info for any other language, please share.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.057080742,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5900,"Q_Id":3910223,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I would seriously consider virtualizing the environment to run this stuff, so that exploits in whatever mechanism you implement can be firewalled one more time by the configuration of the virtual machine.\nNumber of users and what kind of code you expect to test\/run would have considerable influence on choices btw. If they aren't expected to link to files or databases, or run computationally intensive tasks, and you have very low pressure, you could be almost fine by just preventing file access entirely and imposing a time limit on the process before it gets killed and the submission flagged as too expensive or malicious.\nIf the code you're supposed to test might be any arbitrary Django extension or page, then you're in for a lot of work probably.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,trusted-vs-untrusted","A_Id":3910730,"CreationDate":"2010-10-11T21:53:00.000","Title":"sandbox to execute possibly unfriendly python code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Let's say there is a server on the internet that one can send a piece of code to for evaluation. At some point server takes all code that has been submitted, and starts running and evaluating it. However, at some point it will definitely bump into \"os.system('rm -rf *')\" sent by some evil programmer. Apart from \"rm -rf\" you could expect people try using the server to send spam or dos someone, or fool around with \"while True: pass\" kind of things.\nIs there a way to coop with such unfriendly\/untrusted code? In particular I'm interested in a solution for python. However if you have info for any other language, please share.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5900,"Q_Id":3910223,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Unless I'm mistaken (and I very well might be), this is much of the reason behind the way Google changed Python for the App Engine.  You run Python code on their server, but they've removed the ability to write to files.  All data is saved in the \"nosql\" database.  \nIt's not a direct answer to your question, but an example of how this problem has been dealt with in some circumstances.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,trusted-vs-untrusted","A_Id":3910895,"CreationDate":"2010-10-11T21:53:00.000","Title":"sandbox to execute possibly unfriendly python code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using urllib.urlopen to read a file from a URL. What is the best way to get the filename? Do servers always return the Content-Disposition header?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":575,"Q_Id":3912910,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It's an optional header, so no. See if it exists, and if not then fall back to checking the URL.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,urllib,urlopen","A_Id":3912922,"CreationDate":"2010-10-12T08:49:00.000","Title":"Get filename when using urllib.urlopen","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way in python for S60 (using the python 2.5.4 codebase) to track the amount of data transferred over the mobile device's internet connection?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":83,"Q_Id":3928685,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Symbian C++ API has such a capability, so it is possible to write a python library for that, but if such already exists, that I do not know...\nBR\nSTeN","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,symbian,pys60","A_Id":4002429,"CreationDate":"2010-10-13T22:48:00.000","Title":"Measuring internet data transfers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Disclaimer here: I'm really not a programmer. I'm eager to learn, but my experience is pretty much basic on c64 20 years ago and a couple of days of learning Python.\nI'm just starting out on a fairly large (for me as a beginner) screen scraping project. So far I have been using python with mechanize+lxml for my browsing\/parsing. Now I'm encountering some really javascript heavy pages that doesn't show a anything without javascript enabled, which means trouble for mechanize.\nFrom my searching I've kind come to the conclusion that I have a basically a few options:\n\nTrying to figure out what the javascript is doing a emulate that in my code (I don't quite know where to start with this. ;-))\nUsing pywin32 to control internet explorer or something similar, like using the webkit-browser from pyqt4 or even using telnet and mozrepl (this seems really hard)\nSwitching language to perl since www::Mechanize seems be a lot more mature on per (addons and such for javascript). Don't know too much about this at all. \n\nIf anyone has some pointers here that would be great. I understand that I need to do a lot of trial and error, but would be nice I wouldn't go too far away from the \"true\" answer, if there is such a thing.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":795,"Q_Id":3929005,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For nonprogrammers, I recomment using IRobotSoft.  It is visual oriented and with full javascript support.  The shortcoming is that it runs only on Windows.  The good thing is you can become an expert just by trial and error to learn the software.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping","A_Id":3992151,"CreationDate":"2010-10-13T23:58:00.000","Title":"Options for handling javascript heavy pages while screen scraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to make an app for authenticating user with their facebook account in python. App opens the facebook login page in web browser. After user logs in, facebook redirects it to thei dummy success page. At that moment i need to capture that redirect url in my app. I am not able to catch that URL. \nI am opening fb login page by using webbrowser.open . How can i catch the redirect url after opening web browser?\nAny suggestions will be very helpful.\nThanks,\nTara Singh","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":755,"Q_Id":3930129,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There's a getLoginUrl in the facebook SDK. You might want to look at that.\n-Roozbeh","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,facebook","A_Id":4663777,"CreationDate":"2010-10-14T04:38:00.000","Title":"Catching the Access Token sent by Facebook after successful authentication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Do you think is technically possible to take a screeshot of a website programmatically?\nI would like to craft a scheduled Python task that crawls a list of websites taking an homepage screenshot of them.\nDo you think is technically feasible or do you know third party website that offer a service like that (Input: url --> Output: screenshot) ?\nAny suggestion?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2523,"Q_Id":3940098,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's certainly technically possible.\nYou would probably have to render the HTML directly onto an image file (or more likely, onto an in-memory bitmap that's written to an image file once completed).\nI don't know any libraries to do this for you (apart from a modified WebKit, perhaps)... but there's certainly websites that do this.\nOf course, this is a bit more involved than just opening the page in a browser on a machine and taking a screenshot programatically, but the result would likely be better if you don't care about the result from a specific browser.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,screenshot","A_Id":3940121,"CreationDate":"2010-10-15T06:53:00.000","Title":"Is it technically possible to take a screenshot of a website programmatically?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm unfamiliar with the new oauth system. I wanted to crawl the status updates of my friends, and their friends' (if permissions allow) with my specified account credentials using the python-twitter api. \nWith the new oauth authentication, does it means that I have to first register an application with twitter before I can use api?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":206,"Q_Id":3940774,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, thats right. You need to register it and connect \"grant access\" it with your twitter id, if you want, for example, post something on your twitter wall. Also see \"connections\" in your twitter id.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,oauth,twitter","A_Id":3940860,"CreationDate":"2010-10-15T08:53:00.000","Title":"noob question regarding twitter oauth","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm unfamiliar with the new oauth system. I wanted to crawl the status updates of my friends, and their friends' (if permissions allow) with my specified account credentials using the python-twitter api. \nWith the new oauth authentication, does it means that I have to first register an application with twitter before I can use api?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":206,"Q_Id":3940774,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For use api you must register your aplication or use GET methods to post into twi through  web interface.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,oauth,twitter","A_Id":3940840,"CreationDate":"2010-10-15T08:53:00.000","Title":"noob question regarding twitter oauth","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can traverse generic tags easily with BS, but I don't know how to find specific tags. For example, how can I find all occurances of <div style=\"width=300px;\">? Is this possible with BS?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":62029,"Q_Id":3945750,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"with bs4 things have changed a little. so the code should look like this\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(htmlstring,'lxml')\nsoup.find_all('div', {'style':\"width=300px;\"})","Q_Score":29,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":45193575,"CreationDate":"2010-10-15T20:11:00.000","Title":"Find a specific tag with BeautifulSoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I always found links in html source stored in such format, the question is how do I change such links back to what it's normally like?\nThanks a lot!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":797,"Q_Id":3949739,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"urllib.unquote() on its own may still cause problems by throwing the exception:\nUnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position n: ordinal not in range(128)\nIn that case try:\nprint urllib.unquote(\"Ober%C3%B6sterreich.txt\").decode(\"utf8\")","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":5693726,"CreationDate":"2010-10-16T16:33:00.000","Title":"How to turn an encoded link such as \"http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fwhatever\" into \"http:\/\/example.com\/whatever\" in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a Python application that, to be brief, receives data from a remote server, processes it, responds to the server, and occasionally saves the processed data to disk. The problem I've encountered is that there is a lot of data to write, and the save process can take upwards of half a minute. This is apparently a blocking operation, so the network IO is stalled during this time. I'd like to be able to make the save operation take place in the background, so-to-speak, so that the application can continue to communicate with the server reasonably quickly.\nI know that I probably need some kind of threading module to accomplish this, but I can't tell what the differences are between thread, threading, multiprocessing, and the various other options. Does anybody know what I'm looking for?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1332,"Q_Id":3950607,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Since you're I\/O bound, then use the threading module.  \nYou should almost never need to use thread, it's a low-level interface; the threading module is a high-level interface wrapper for thread.\nThe multiprocessing module is different from the threading module, multiprocessing uses multiple subprocesses to execute a task; multiprocessing just happens to use the same interface as threading to reduce learning curve. multiprocessing is typically used when you have CPU bound calculation, and need to avoid the GIL (Global Interpreter Lock) in a multicore CPU.\nA somewhat more esoteric alternative to multi-threading is asynchronous I\/O using asyncore module. Another options includes Stackless Python and Twisted.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,multithreading,io,blocking,nonblocking","A_Id":3950630,"CreationDate":"2010-10-16T20:20:00.000","Title":"What threading module should I use to prevent disk IO from blocking network IO?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I have 16 GB worth of XML files to process (about 700 files total), and I already have a functional PHP script to do that (With XMLReader) but it's taking forever. I was wondering if parsing in Python would be faster (Python being the only other language I'm proficient in, I'm sure something in C would be faster).","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1714,"Q_Id":3953563,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think that both of them can rely over wrappers for fast C libraries (mostly libxml2) so there's shouldn't be too much difference in parsing per se.\nYou could try if there are differences caused by overhead, then it depends what are you gonna do over that XML. Parsing it for what?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"php,python,xml","A_Id":3953576,"CreationDate":"2010-10-17T14:07:00.000","Title":"Is XML parsing in PHP as fast as Python or other alternatives?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I have 16 GB worth of XML files to process (about 700 files total), and I already have a functional PHP script to do that (With XMLReader) but it's taking forever. I was wondering if parsing in Python would be faster (Python being the only other language I'm proficient in, I'm sure something in C would be faster).","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1714,"Q_Id":3953563,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There's actually three differing performance problems here:\n\nThe time it takes to parse a file, which depends on the size of individual files.\nThe time it takes to handle the files and directories in the filesystem, if there's a lot of them.\nWriting the data into your databases.\n\nWhere you should look for performance improvements depends on which one of these is the biggest bottleneck.\nMy guess is that the last one is the biggest problem because writes is almost always the slowest: writes can't be cached, they requires writing to disk and if the data is sorted it can take a considerable time to find the right spot to write it.\nYou presume that the bottleneck is the first alternative, the XML parsing. If that is the case, changing language is not the first thing to do. Instead you should see if there's some sort of SAX parser for your language. SAX parsing is much faster and memory effective than DOM parsing.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"php,python,xml","A_Id":3953874,"CreationDate":"2010-10-17T14:07:00.000","Title":"Is XML parsing in PHP as fast as Python or other alternatives?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Because of china Great Firewall has blocked google appengine's https port. So I want to simulate a Secure Socket Layer by javascript and python to protect my users information will not be capture by those ISP and GFW.\nMy plan: \n\nShake hands:\n\nBrowser request server, server generate a encrypt key k1, and decrypt key k2, send k1 to browser.\nBrowser generate a encrypt key k3, and decrypt key k4, send k3 to server.\n\nBrowse:\n\nDuring the session, browser encrypt data with k1 and send to server, server decrypt with k2. server encrypt data with k3 and response to browser, browser decrypt with k4.\nPlease figure out my mistake.\nIf it's right, my question is \n\nhow to generate a key pair in\njavascript and python, are there\nsome libraries?\nhow to encrypt and decrypt data in\njavascript and python , are there\nsome libraries?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2770,"Q_Id":3977274,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can't stop the men in the middle from trapping your packets\/messages, especially if they don't really care if you find out. What you can do is encrypt your messages so that trapping them does not enable them to read what you're sending and receiving. In theory that's fine, but in practice you can't do modern crypto by hand even with the keys: you need to transfer some software too, and that's where it gets much more awkward.\nYou want to have the client's side of the crypto software locally, or at least enough to be able to check whether a digital signature of the crypto software is correct. Digital signatures are very difficult to forge. Deliver signed code, check its signature, and if the signature validates against a public key that you trust (alas, you'll have to transfer that out of band) then you know that the code (plus any CA certificates \u2013 trust roots \u2013 sent along with it) can be trusted to work as desired. The packets can then go over plain HTTP; they'll either get to where they're meant to or be intercepted, but either way nobody but the intended recipient will be able to read them. The only advantage of SSL is that it builds virtually all of this stuff for you and makes it easy.\nI have no idea how practical it is to do this all in Javascript. Obviously it can do it \u2013 it's a Turing-complete language, it has access to all the requisite syscalls \u2013 but it could be stupidly expensive. It might be easier to think in terms of using GPG\u2026\n(Hiding the fact from the government that you are communicating at all is a different problem entirely.)","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"javascript,python,ssl","A_Id":3978603,"CreationDate":"2010-10-20T11:29:00.000","Title":"Encryption: simulate SSL in javascript and python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Because of china Great Firewall has blocked google appengine's https port. So I want to simulate a Secure Socket Layer by javascript and python to protect my users information will not be capture by those ISP and GFW.\nMy plan: \n\nShake hands:\n\nBrowser request server, server generate a encrypt key k1, and decrypt key k2, send k1 to browser.\nBrowser generate a encrypt key k3, and decrypt key k4, send k3 to server.\n\nBrowse:\n\nDuring the session, browser encrypt data with k1 and send to server, server decrypt with k2. server encrypt data with k3 and response to browser, browser decrypt with k4.\nPlease figure out my mistake.\nIf it's right, my question is \n\nhow to generate a key pair in\njavascript and python, are there\nsome libraries?\nhow to encrypt and decrypt data in\njavascript and python , are there\nsome libraries?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2770,"Q_Id":3977274,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There's a big problem, if security really is a big concern: Your algorithm is going to be transfered unsecured. Can you trust the client at all? Can the client trust the server at all?","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"javascript,python,ssl","A_Id":3977301,"CreationDate":"2010-10-20T11:29:00.000","Title":"Encryption: simulate SSL in javascript and python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Because of china Great Firewall has blocked google appengine's https port. So I want to simulate a Secure Socket Layer by javascript and python to protect my users information will not be capture by those ISP and GFW.\nMy plan: \n\nShake hands:\n\nBrowser request server, server generate a encrypt key k1, and decrypt key k2, send k1 to browser.\nBrowser generate a encrypt key k3, and decrypt key k4, send k3 to server.\n\nBrowse:\n\nDuring the session, browser encrypt data with k1 and send to server, server decrypt with k2. server encrypt data with k3 and response to browser, browser decrypt with k4.\nPlease figure out my mistake.\nIf it's right, my question is \n\nhow to generate a key pair in\njavascript and python, are there\nsome libraries?\nhow to encrypt and decrypt data in\njavascript and python , are there\nsome libraries?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2770,"Q_Id":3977274,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You have a fundamental problem in that a JavaScript implementation of SSL would have no built-in root certificates to establish trust, which makes it impossible to prevent a man-in-the-middle attack. Any certificates you deliver from your site, including a root certificate, could be intercepted and replaced by a spy.\nNote that this is a fundamental limitation, not a peculiarity of the way SSL works. All cryptographic security relies on establishing a shared secret. The root certificates deployed with mainstream browsers provide the entry points to a trust network established by certifying authorities (CAs) that enable you to establish the shared secret with a known third party. These certificates are not, AFAIK, directly accessible to JavaScript code. They are only used to establish secure (e.g., https) connections.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"javascript,python,ssl","A_Id":3977325,"CreationDate":"2010-10-20T11:29:00.000","Title":"Encryption: simulate SSL in javascript and python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm creating a desktop application that requires authorization from a remote server before performing certain actions locally. \nWhat's the best way to have my desktop application notified when the server approves the request for authorization? Authorization takes 20 seconds average on, 5 seconds minimum, with a 120 second timeout.\nI considered polling the server ever 3 seconds or so, but this would be hard to scale when I deploy the application more widely, and seems inelegant. \nI have full control over the design of the server and client API. The server is using web.py on Ubuntu 10.10, Python 2.6.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":116,"Q_Id":3978739,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Does the remote end block while it does the authentication? If so, you can use a simple select to block till it returns.\nAnother way I can think of is to pass a callback URL to the authentication server asking it to call it when it's done so that your client app can proceed. Something like a webhook.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,authentication,authorization,polling,web.py","A_Id":3978891,"CreationDate":"2010-10-20T14:08:00.000","Title":"How can my desktop application be notified of a state change on a remote server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a list of product names in Chinese. I want to translate these into English, I have tried Google AJAX language API, but it seems that translation is not good, it would be great if someone could give me some advice about or point me towards a better choice.\nThank you.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4408,"Q_Id":3979092,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think Google are probably one of the best web based automatic translation services.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,translate","A_Id":3979445,"CreationDate":"2010-10-20T14:44:00.000","Title":"Is there a translation API service for Chinese to English?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a script currently that needs to pull information down from a specific user's wall. The only problem is that it requires authentication, and the script needs to be able to run without any human interference. Unfortunately all I can find thus far tells me that I need to register an application, and then do the whole FB Connect dance to pull off what I want. Problem is that requires browser interaction, which I'm trying to avoid.\nI figured I could probably just use httplib2, and login this route. I got that to work, only to find that with that method I still don't get an \"access_token\" in any retrievable method. If I could get that token without launching a browser, I'd be completely set. Surely people are crawling feeds and such without using FB Connect right? Is it just not possible, thus why I'm hitting so many road blocks? Open to any suggestions you all might have.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4595,"Q_Id":4000896,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"What you are trying to do is not possible. You are going to have to use a browser to get an access token one way or another. You cannot collect username and passwords (a big violation of Facebook's TOS). If you need a script that runs without user interaction you will still need to use a browser to authenticate, but once you have the user's token you can use it without their direct interaction. You must request the \"offline_access\" permission to gain an access token that does not expire. You can save this token and then use it for however long you need.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,facebook","A_Id":4000963,"CreationDate":"2010-10-22T20:55:00.000","Title":"Logging into Facebook without a Browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am solving a problem of transferring images from a camera in a loop from a client (a robot with camera) to a server (PC).\nI am trying to come up with ideas how to maximize the transfer speed so I can get the best possible FPS (that is because I want to create a live video stream out of the transferred images). Disregarding the physical limitations of WIFI stick on the robot, what would you suggest?\nSo far I have decided:\n\nto use YUV colorspace instead of RGB\nto use UDP protocol instead of TCP\/IP\n\nIs there anything else I could do to get the maximum fps possible?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":375,"Q_Id":4013046,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Compress the difference between successive images. Add some checksum. Provide some way for the receiver to request full image data for the case where things get out of synch.\nThere are probably a host of protocols doing that already.\nSo, search for live video stream protocols.\nCheers & hth.,","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c#,c++,python,algorithm,performance","A_Id":4013104,"CreationDate":"2010-10-25T08:49:00.000","Title":"How to speed up transfer of images from client to server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am solving a problem of transferring images from a camera in a loop from a client (a robot with camera) to a server (PC).\nI am trying to come up with ideas how to maximize the transfer speed so I can get the best possible FPS (that is because I want to create a live video stream out of the transferred images). Disregarding the physical limitations of WIFI stick on the robot, what would you suggest?\nSo far I have decided:\n\nto use YUV colorspace instead of RGB\nto use UDP protocol instead of TCP\/IP\n\nIs there anything else I could do to get the maximum fps possible?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":375,"Q_Id":4013046,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"This might be quite a bit of work but if your client can handle the computations in real time you could use the same method that video encoders use. Send a key frame every say 5 frames and in between only send the information that changed not the whole frame. I don't know the details of how this is done, but try Googling p-frames or video compression.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c#,c++,python,algorithm,performance","A_Id":4013112,"CreationDate":"2010-10-25T08:49:00.000","Title":"How to speed up transfer of images from client to server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wish to control my computer (and usb devices attached to the computer) at home with any computer that is connected to the internet. The computer at home must have a program installed that receives commands from any other computer that is connected to the internet. I thought it would be best if I do this with a web interface as it would not be necessary to install software on that computer. For obvious reasons it would require log in details.\nExtra details: The main part of the project is actually a device that I will develop that connects to the computer's usb port. Sorry if it was a bit vague in my original question. This device will perform simple functions such as turning lights on etc. At first I will just attempt to switch the lights remotely using the internet. Later on I will add commands that can control certain aspects of the computer such as the music player. I think doing a full remote desktop connection to control my device is therefore not quite necessary. Does anybody know of any open source projects that can perform these functions?\nSo basically the problem is sending encrypted commands from a web interface to my computer at home. What would be the best method to achieve this and what programming languages should I use? I know Java, Python and C quite well, but have very little experience with web applications, such as Javascript and PHP.\nI have looked at web chat examples as it is sort of similar concept to what I wish to achieve, except the text can be replaced with commands. Is this a viable solution or are there better alternatives?\nThank you","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1907,"Q_Id":4014670,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can write a WEB APPLICATION. The encryption part is solved by simple HTTPS usage. On the server side (your home computer with USB devices attached to it) you should use Python (since you're quite experienced with it) and a Python Web Framework you want (I.E. Django).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"java,php,javascript,python","A_Id":4014696,"CreationDate":"2010-10-25T12:48:00.000","Title":"Send commands between two computers over the internet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wish to control my computer (and usb devices attached to the computer) at home with any computer that is connected to the internet. The computer at home must have a program installed that receives commands from any other computer that is connected to the internet. I thought it would be best if I do this with a web interface as it would not be necessary to install software on that computer. For obvious reasons it would require log in details.\nExtra details: The main part of the project is actually a device that I will develop that connects to the computer's usb port. Sorry if it was a bit vague in my original question. This device will perform simple functions such as turning lights on etc. At first I will just attempt to switch the lights remotely using the internet. Later on I will add commands that can control certain aspects of the computer such as the music player. I think doing a full remote desktop connection to control my device is therefore not quite necessary. Does anybody know of any open source projects that can perform these functions?\nSo basically the problem is sending encrypted commands from a web interface to my computer at home. What would be the best method to achieve this and what programming languages should I use? I know Java, Python and C quite well, but have very little experience with web applications, such as Javascript and PHP.\nI have looked at web chat examples as it is sort of similar concept to what I wish to achieve, except the text can be replaced with commands. Is this a viable solution or are there better alternatives?\nThank you","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1907,"Q_Id":4014670,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well, I think that java can work well, in fact you have to deal with system calls to manage usb devices and things like that (and as far as I know, PHP is not the best language to do this). Also shouldn't be so hard to create a basic server\/client program, just use good encryption mechanism to not show commands around web.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"java,php,javascript,python","A_Id":4014765,"CreationDate":"2010-10-25T12:48:00.000","Title":"Send commands between two computers over the internet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wish to control my computer (and usb devices attached to the computer) at home with any computer that is connected to the internet. The computer at home must have a program installed that receives commands from any other computer that is connected to the internet. I thought it would be best if I do this with a web interface as it would not be necessary to install software on that computer. For obvious reasons it would require log in details.\nExtra details: The main part of the project is actually a device that I will develop that connects to the computer's usb port. Sorry if it was a bit vague in my original question. This device will perform simple functions such as turning lights on etc. At first I will just attempt to switch the lights remotely using the internet. Later on I will add commands that can control certain aspects of the computer such as the music player. I think doing a full remote desktop connection to control my device is therefore not quite necessary. Does anybody know of any open source projects that can perform these functions?\nSo basically the problem is sending encrypted commands from a web interface to my computer at home. What would be the best method to achieve this and what programming languages should I use? I know Java, Python and C quite well, but have very little experience with web applications, such as Javascript and PHP.\nI have looked at web chat examples as it is sort of similar concept to what I wish to achieve, except the text can be replaced with commands. Is this a viable solution or are there better alternatives?\nThank you","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1907,"Q_Id":4014670,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I you are looking for solution you could use from any computer anywhere in the worls without the need to install any software on client pc, try logmein.com (http:\/\/secure.logmein.com).\nIt is free, reliable, works in any modern browser, you don't have to remmeber IPs and hope they won't change, ...\nOr if this is a \"for fun project\" why not write a php script, open port 80 in your router so you can access you script from outside, possibly dynamically link some domain to your IP (http:\/\/www.dyndns.com\/). In the script you would just login and then for example type the orders in textfield in some form in your script. Lets just say you want to do some command prompt stuf, so you will basically remotely construst a *.bat file for example. Then the script stores this a fromtheinternets.bat to a folder on your desktop that is being constantly monitored for changes. And when such a change is found you just activate the bat file.\nInsecure? Yes (It could be made secureER)\nFun to write? Definitely\nPS: I am new here, hope it's not \"illegal\" to post link to actual services, instead of wiki lists. This is by no means and advertisement, I am just a happy user. :)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"java,php,javascript,python","A_Id":4015151,"CreationDate":"2010-10-25T12:48:00.000","Title":"Send commands between two computers over the internet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've have asked these questions before with no proper answer. I hope I'll get some response here. \nI'm developing an instant messenger in python and I'd like to handle video\/audio streaming with VLC. Tha basic idea right now is that in each IM client I'm running one VLC instance that acts as a server that streams to all the users I want, and another VLC instance that's a client and recieves and displays all the streams that other users are sending to me. As you can see, it's kind of a P2P connection and I am having lots of problems.\nMy first problem was VLC can handle only one stream per port, but I solved this using VLM, the Videolan Manager which allows multiple streams with one instance and on one port. \nMy second problem was this kind of P2P take has several drawbacks as if someone is behind NAT or a router, you have to do manual configurations to forward the packages from the router to your PC, and it also has another drawback, you can only forward to 1 PC, so you would be able to use the program in only one workstation. \nAlso, the streams were transported in HTTP protocol, which uses TCP and it's pretty slow. When I tried to do the same with RTSP, I wasn't able to get the stream outside my private LAN.\nSo, this P2P take is very unlikely to be implemented successfully by an amateur like me, as it has all the typical NAT traversal problems, things that I don't want to mess with as this is not a commercial application, just a school project I must finish in order to graduate as a technician. Finally, I've been recommended to a use a server in a well known IP and that would solve the problem, only one router configuration and let both ends of the conversations be clients. I have no idea how to implement this idea, please any help is useful. Thanks in advance. Sorry for any error, I am not a programming\/networking expert nor am I an english-speaking person.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":224,"Q_Id":4015227,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think they were suggesting you run your program on a LAN which has no ports blocked.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,streaming,p2p,vlc,instant-messaging","A_Id":4200613,"CreationDate":"2010-10-25T13:53:00.000","Title":"Problems with VLC and instant messaging","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Right now I'm base 64 encoding them and using data uris. The idea was that this will somehow lower the number of requests the browser needs to make. Does this bucket hold any water?\nWhat is the best way of serving images in general? DB, from FS, S3?\nI am most interested in python and java based answers, but all are welcome!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":547,"Q_Id":4046242,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Data urls will definitely reduce the number of requests to the server, since the browser doesn't have to ask for the pixels in a separate request.  But they are not supported in all browsers.  You'll have to make the tradeoff.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"java,javascript,python,image","A_Id":4046258,"CreationDate":"2010-10-28T18:54:00.000","Title":"What is the best way to serve small static images?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a Python client+server that uses gevent.socket for communication. Are there any good ways of testing the socket-level operation of the code (for example, verifying that SSL connections with an invalid certificate will be rejected)? Or is it simplest to just spawn a real server?\nEdit: I don't believe that \"naive\" mocking will be sufficient to test the SSL components because of the complex interactions involved. Am I wrong in that? Or is there a better way to test SSL'd stuff?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14758,"Q_Id":4047897,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"Mocking and stubbing are great, but sometimes you need to take it up to the next level of integration.  Since spawning a server, even a fakeish one, can take some time, consider a separate test suite (call them integration tests) might be in order.\n\"Test it like you are going to use it\" is my guideline, and if you mock and stub so much that your test becomes trivial it's not that useful (though almost any test is better than none).  If you are concerned about handling bad SSL certs, by all means make some bad ones and write a test fixture you can feed them to.  If that means spawning a server, so be it. Maybe if that bugs you enough it will lead to a refactoring that will make it testable another way.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,sockets,testing,gevent","A_Id":4048286,"CreationDate":"2010-10-28T23:16:00.000","Title":"Python: unit testing socket-based code?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking to parse a xml file using Python and I was wondering if there was any way of automating the task over manually walking through all xml nodes\/attributes using xml.dom.minidom library.\nEssentially what would be sweet is if I could load a xml schema for the xml file I am reading then have that automatically generate some kind of data struct\/set with all of the data within the xml.\nIn C# land this is possible via creating a strongly typed dataset class from a xml schema and then using this dataset to read the xml file in.\nIs there any equivalent in Python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":931,"Q_Id":4054205,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"hey dude - take beautifulSoup - it is a super library. HEAD over to the site scraperwiki.com\nthe can help you!","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"c#,python,xml,dataset,schema","A_Id":4054231,"CreationDate":"2010-10-29T17:05:00.000","Title":"Python XML Parse (using schema to generate dataset)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking to parse a xml file using Python and I was wondering if there was any way of automating the task over manually walking through all xml nodes\/attributes using xml.dom.minidom library.\nEssentially what would be sweet is if I could load a xml schema for the xml file I am reading then have that automatically generate some kind of data struct\/set with all of the data within the xml.\nIn C# land this is possible via creating a strongly typed dataset class from a xml schema and then using this dataset to read the xml file in.\nIs there any equivalent in Python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":931,"Q_Id":4054205,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You might take a look at lxml.objectify, particularly the E-factory.  It's not really an equivalent to the ADO tools, but you may find it useful nonetheless.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"c#,python,xml,dataset,schema","A_Id":4054752,"CreationDate":"2010-10-29T17:05:00.000","Title":"Python XML Parse (using schema to generate dataset)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a program which sends more than 15 queries to Google in each iteration, total iterations is about 50. For testing I have to run this program several times. However, by doing that, after several times, Google blocks me. is there any ways so I can fool google maybe by adding delays between each iteration? Also I have heard that google can actually learn the timesteps. so I need these delays to be random so google cannot find a patter from it to learn my behavior. also it should be short so the whole process doesn't take so much.\nDoes anyone knows something, or can provide me a piece of code in python?\nThanks","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111313,"Q_Id":4054254,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Also you can try to use few proxy servers for prevent ban by IP adress. urllib support proxies by special constructor parameter, httplib can use proxy too","Q_Score":67,"Tags":"python,delay","A_Id":4054980,"CreationDate":"2010-10-29T17:10:00.000","Title":"How to add random delays between the queries sent to Google to avoid getting blocked in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a program which sends more than 15 queries to Google in each iteration, total iterations is about 50. For testing I have to run this program several times. However, by doing that, after several times, Google blocks me. is there any ways so I can fool google maybe by adding delays between each iteration? Also I have heard that google can actually learn the timesteps. so I need these delays to be random so google cannot find a patter from it to learn my behavior. also it should be short so the whole process doesn't take so much.\nDoes anyone knows something, or can provide me a piece of code in python?\nThanks","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111313,"Q_Id":4054254,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Since you're not testing Google's speed, figure out some way to simulate it when doing your testing (as @bstpierre suggested in his comment). This should solve your problem and factor its variable response times out at the same time.","Q_Score":67,"Tags":"python,delay","A_Id":4054614,"CreationDate":"2010-10-29T17:10:00.000","Title":"How to add random delays between the queries sent to Google to avoid getting blocked in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Our client wants us to implement change history for website articles. What is the best way to do it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":289,"Q_Id":4075309,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I presume you're using a CMS. If not, use one. WordPress is a good start.\nIf you're developing from scratch, the usual method is to have two tables: one for page information (so title, menu position etc.) and then a page_content table, which has columns for page_id, content, and timestamp.\nAs you save a page, instead of updating a database table you instead write a new record to the page_content table with the page's ID and the time of the save. That way, when displaying pages on your front-end you just select the latest record for that particular page ID, but you also have a history of that page by querying for all records by page_id, sorted by timestamp.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,.net,python,ruby","A_Id":4076484,"CreationDate":"2010-11-02T06:11:00.000","Title":"What is the best way to store change history of website articles?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Our client wants us to implement change history for website articles. What is the best way to do it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":289,"Q_Id":4075309,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"There is a wide variety of ways to do this as you alluded by tagging php, .net, python, and ruby.  You missed a few off the top of my head perl and jsp.  Each of these have their plusses and minuses and is really a question of what best suits your needs.\nPHP is probably the fastest reward for time spent.\nRuby, i'm assuming Ruby on Rails, is the automatic Buzz Word Bingo for the day.\n.Net, are you all microsoft every where and want easy integration with your exchange server and a nice outlook API?\npython? Do you like the scripted languages but you're too good for php and ruby.\nEach of these languages have their strong points and their draw backs and it's really a matter of what you know, how much you have to spend, and what is your timeframe.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,.net,python,ruby","A_Id":4075372,"CreationDate":"2010-11-02T06:11:00.000","Title":"What is the best way to store change history of website articles?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need something like rfc822.AddressList to parse, say, the content of the \"TO\" header field of an email into individual addresses.  Since rfc822 is deprecated in favor of the email package, I looked for something similar there but couldn't find anything.  Does anyone know what I'm supposed to use instead?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1862,"Q_Id":4084608,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Oh it's email.utils.getaddresses.  Just make sure to call it with a list.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,email,rfc822,email-parsing","A_Id":4084648,"CreationDate":"2010-11-03T06:12:00.000","Title":"Is there a non-deprecated equivalent of rfc822.AddressList?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"first of all, I'm sorry for my English\nI am doing some scripting in Python using Selenium RC.\nThe aim is to access to some website, and download some files\nI would like to know, at the end of the script, what files exactly have been downloaded\nAt that moment, I'm doing something a bit naive, which is checking the new files who appears in the download directory of Firefox, it's working well but if I launch severals clients in the same times, they can't detect which files they own etc...\nSo i was trying to find a solution to that problem, if it's possible to handle the download from Firefox to know exactly when a download occur, and what is downloaded, then I would be super fine, but so far, I haven't find anything about that\nThanks for your help","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1024,"Q_Id":4088703,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In this case, Just create a new folder everytime and download your file there.\nMake sure the foldername is incremented if it already exits (Ex: folder1, folder2, Folder3.....)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium,download,firefox-addon","A_Id":13342386,"CreationDate":"2010-11-03T15:28:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to know what file is downloaded by Firefox with Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"first of all, I'm sorry for my English\nI am doing some scripting in Python using Selenium RC.\nThe aim is to access to some website, and download some files\nI would like to know, at the end of the script, what files exactly have been downloaded\nAt that moment, I'm doing something a bit naive, which is checking the new files who appears in the download directory of Firefox, it's working well but if I launch severals clients in the same times, they can't detect which files they own etc...\nSo i was trying to find a solution to that problem, if it's possible to handle the download from Firefox to know exactly when a download occur, and what is downloaded, then I would be super fine, but so far, I haven't find anything about that\nThanks for your help","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1024,"Q_Id":4088703,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I haven't tried it myself, but I would consider setting up multiple Firefox profiles each set with a different download directory and then telling my instances to use those profiles (or maybe programmatically setting profile values if you're using Selenium2 - I'm not sure if download directory is possible to change or not). Then you can keep monitoring each directory and seeing what was downloaded for each session.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium,download,firefox-addon","A_Id":4698653,"CreationDate":"2010-11-03T15:28:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to know what file is downloaded by Firefox with Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"first of all, I'm sorry for my English\nI am doing some scripting in Python using Selenium RC.\nThe aim is to access to some website, and download some files\nI would like to know, at the end of the script, what files exactly have been downloaded\nAt that moment, I'm doing something a bit naive, which is checking the new files who appears in the download directory of Firefox, it's working well but if I launch severals clients in the same times, they can't detect which files they own etc...\nSo i was trying to find a solution to that problem, if it's possible to handle the download from Firefox to know exactly when a download occur, and what is downloaded, then I would be super fine, but so far, I haven't find anything about that\nThanks for your help","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1024,"Q_Id":4088703,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are working with python-->Selenium RC why don't you just\ncreate a lastdownload.txt type of file, and put in the dates, filenames\nof the files you download.\nSo each time your script runs, it will check the fileserver, and your log file\nto see which files are new, which files you already have. (if same filename is used\nyou can check the lastupdatetime of headers, or even the filesize as a way to compare)\nThen you just download the new files... so this way you replicate a simple incremental mechanism with lookup on a txt file...","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium,download,firefox-addon","A_Id":4118400,"CreationDate":"2010-11-03T15:28:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to know what file is downloaded by Firefox with Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using pythonbrew to install Python 2.6.6 on Snow Leopard. It failed with a readline error, then a socket error. I installed readline from source, which made the installer happy on the next attempt, but the socket error remains:\n\ntest_socket\ntest test_socket failed -- Traceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"\/Users\/gferguson\/python\/pythonbrew\/build\/Python-2.6.6\/Lib\/test\/test_socket.py\", line 483, in testSockName\n    my_ip_addr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())\ngaierror: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known\n\nDigging around with the system Python shows:\n\n>>> import socket\n>>> my_ip_addr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"\", line 1, in \nsocket.gaierror: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known\n>>> socket.gethostname()\n'S1WSMA-JHAMI'\n>>> socket.gethostbyname('S1WSMA-JHAMI')\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"\", line 1, in \nsocket.gaierror: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known\n>>> socket.gethostbyname('google.com')\n'74.125.227.20'\n\nI triangulated the problem with Ruby's IRB:\n\nIPSocket.getaddress(Socket.gethostname)\nSocketError: getaddrinfo: nodename nor servname provided, or not known\n\nSo, I'm not sure if this is a bug in the resolver not understanding the hostname, or if there's something weird in the machine's configuration, or if it's something weird in our network's DNS lookup, but whatever it is the installer isn't happy.\nI think it's a benign failure in the installer though, so I feel safe to force the test to succeed, but I'm not sure how to tell pythonbrew how to ignore that test value or specifically pass test_socket.\nI'm also seeing the following statuses but haven't figured out if they're significant yet:\n\n33 tests skipped:\n    test_al test_bsddb test_bsddb3 test_cd test_cl test_codecmaps_cn\n    test_codecmaps_hk test_codecmaps_jp test_codecmaps_kr\n    test_codecmaps_tw test_curses test_dl test_epoll test_gdbm test_gl\n    test_imageop test_imgfile test_largefile test_linuxaudiodev\n    test_normalization test_ossaudiodev test_pep277 test_py3kwarn\n    test_smtpnet test_socketserver test_startfile test_sunaudiodev\n    test_timeout test_urllib2net test_urllibnet test_winreg\n    test_winsound test_zipfile64\n1 skip unexpected on darwin:\n    test_dl\n\nAnyone have experience getting Python 2.6.6 installed with pythonbrew on Snow Leopard?\n\nUpdate: I just tried the socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) command from Python installed on my MacBook Pro with Snow Leopard, and it successfully reported my IP back so it appears the problem is in the system config at work. I am going to ask at SO's sibling \"Apple\" site and see if anyone knows what it might be.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2411,"Q_Id":4090753,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The solution was to --force pythonbrew to install in spite of the errors. \nI tested the socket responses using the built-in Python, Perl and Ruby, and they had the same problem resolving the localhost name. I tested using a current version of Ruby and Python on one of my Linux boxes, and the calls worked, so I was pretty sure it was something outside of that particular Mac's configuration. \nAfter forcing the install I tested the socket calls to other hosts and got the expected results and haven't had any problems doing other networking tasks so I think everything is fine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,macos,installation,osx-snow-leopard","A_Id":4161287,"CreationDate":"2010-11-03T19:15:00.000","Title":"Workaround for Pythonbrew failing because test_socket can't resolve?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have exposed a simple RESTful JSON url via CherryPy (Python web framework). I have a second application (using Pylons) which needs to reach a URL exposed by CherryPy. Both are being served via localhost. Both URLs resolve just fine when using a browser directly.\nBut, when a DOJO script running from the initial Pylons request invokes the JSON url from CherryPy, it fails. I open LiveHeaders in Firefox and find that DOJO is first sending an HTTP \"OPTIONS\" request. CherryPy refuses the OPTIONS request with a 405, Method Not Allowed and it all stops.\nIf I drop this same page into the CherryPy application, all is well.\nWhat is the best way to resolve this on my localhost dev platform? .... and will this occur in Prod?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2060,"Q_Id":4107576,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"My guess would be you are serving these two apps locally via 2 different ports, which is making dojo try to execute a cross-domain XHR call.\nYou need to be able to serve the JSON URL from the same URL (protocol, hostname, & port) to make a successful XHR call.  I do this by using nginx locally, and configuring it to serve the database requests from my Dojo application by forwarding them to CouchDB.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,ajax,dojo","A_Id":5576563,"CreationDate":"2010-11-05T15:50:00.000","Title":"DOJO AJAX Request asking for OPTIONS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am experiencing strange behavior with urllib2.urlopen() on Ubuntu 10.10. The first request to a url goes fast but the second takes a long time to connect. I think between 5 and 10 seconds. On windows this just works normal?\nDoes anybody have an idea what could cause this issue?\nThanks, Onno","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":427,"Q_Id":4110992,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"5 seconds sounds suspiciously like the DNS resolving timeout. \nA hunch, It's possible that it's cycling through the DNS servers in your \/etc\/resolv.conf and if one of them is broken, the default timeout is 5 seconds on linux, after which it will try the next one, looping back to the top when it's tried them all.\nIf you have multiple DNS servers listed in resolv.conf, try removing all but one. If this fixes it; then after that see why you're being assigned incorrect resolving servers.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ubuntu,urllib2,ubuntu-10.10","A_Id":4112300,"CreationDate":"2010-11-05T23:37:00.000","Title":"Strange urllib2.urlopen() behavior on Ubuntu 10.10","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to parse some html in Python. There were some methods that actually worked before... but nowadays there's nothing I can actually use without workarounds.\n\nbeautifulsoup has problems after SGMLParser went away\nhtml5lib cannot parse half of what's \"out there\"\nlxml is trying to be \"too correct\" for typical html (attributes and tags cannot contain unknown namespaces, or an exception is thrown, which means almost no page with Facebook connect can be parsed)\n\nWhat other options are there these days? (if they support xpath, that would be great)","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3978,"Q_Id":4114722,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"html5lib cannot parse half of what's \"out there\"\n\nThat sounds extremely implausible. html5lib uses exactly the same algorithm that's also implemented in recent versions of Firefox, Safari and Chrome. If that algorithm broke half the web, I think we would have heard. If you have particular problems with it, do file bugs.","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,html,parsing","A_Id":4115108,"CreationDate":"2010-11-06T19:17:00.000","Title":"Python html parsing that actually works","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to parse some html in Python. There were some methods that actually worked before... but nowadays there's nothing I can actually use without workarounds.\n\nbeautifulsoup has problems after SGMLParser went away\nhtml5lib cannot parse half of what's \"out there\"\nlxml is trying to be \"too correct\" for typical html (attributes and tags cannot contain unknown namespaces, or an exception is thrown, which means almost no page with Facebook connect can be parsed)\n\nWhat other options are there these days? (if they support xpath, that would be great)","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3978,"Q_Id":4114722,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think the problem is that most HTML is ill-formed.  XHTML tried to fix that, but it never really caught on enough - especially as most browsers do \"intelligent workarounds\" for ill-formed code.\nEven a few years ago I tried to parse HTML for a primitive spider-type app, and found the problems too difficult. I suspect writing your own might be on the cards, although we can't be the only people with this problem!","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,html,parsing","A_Id":4114746,"CreationDate":"2010-11-06T19:17:00.000","Title":"Python html parsing that actually works","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm getting some content from Twitter API, and I have a little problem, indeed I sometimes get a tweet ending with only one backslash.\nMore precisely, I'm using simplejson to parse Twitter stream.\nHow can I escape this backslash ?\nFrom what I have read, such raw string shouldn't exist ...\nEven if I add one backslash (with two in fact) I still get an error as I suspected (since I have a odd number of backslashes)\nAny idea ?\nI can just forget about these tweets too, but I'm still curious about that.\nThanks : )","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1886,"Q_Id":4121751,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Prepending the string with r (stands for \"raw\") will escape all characters inside the string. For example:\nprint r'\\b\\n\\\\'\nwill output\n\\b\\n\\\\\nHave I understood the question correctly?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,string,escaping,backslash","A_Id":4121817,"CreationDate":"2010-11-08T06:38:00.000","Title":"[Python]How to deal with a string ending with one backslash?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi I am trying to secure a server function being used for an Ajax request, so that the function is not accessed for any sort of malicious activity. I have done the following till now:-\n\nI am checking whether a valid session is present while the function is being called.\nI am using POST rather than GET\nI look for specific headers by using request.is_xhr else I induce a redirect.\nI have compressed the javascript using dojo shrinksafe(..i am using dojo..)\n\nWhat else can and should be done here. Need your expert advice on this.\n(NB-I am using Flask and Dojo)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":280,"Q_Id":4131327,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No any special secure actions required. Consider ajax request as any other client request.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ajax,dojo,flask","A_Id":4131349,"CreationDate":"2010-11-09T07:24:00.000","Title":"Handling and securing server functions in an ajax request..python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For a while I've been using a package called \"gnosis-utils\" which provides an XML pickling service for Python. This class works reasonably well, however it seems to have been neglected by it's developer for the last four years. \nAt the time we originally selected gnosis it was the only XML serization tool for Python. The advantage of Gnosis was that it provided a set of classes whose function was very similar to the built-in Python XML pickler. It produced XML which python-developers found easy to read, but non-python developers found confusing. \nNow that the proejct has grown we have a new requirement: We need to be able to exchange XML with our colleagues who prefer Java or .Net. These non-python developers will not be using Python - they intend to produce XML directly, hence we have a need to simplify the format of the XML. \nSo are there any alternatives to Gnosis. Our requirements:\n\nMust work on Python 2.4 \/ Windows x86 32bit\nOutput must be XML, as simple as possible\nAPI must resemble Pickle as closely as possible\nPerformance is not hugely important\n\nOf course we could simply adapt Gnosis, however we'd prefer to simply use a component which already provides the functions we requrie (assuming that it exists).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2017,"Q_Id":4135836,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So what you're looking for is a python library that spits out arbitrary XML for your objects? You don't need to control the format, so you can't be bothered to actually write something that iterates over the relevant properties of your data and generates the XML using one of the existing tools?\nThis seems like a bad idea. Arbitrary XML serialization doesn't sound like a good way to move forward. Any format that includes all of pickle's features is going to be ugly, verbose, and very nasty to use. It will not be simple. It will not translate well into Java.\nWhat does your data look like?\nIf you tell us precisely what aspects of pickle you need (and why lxml.objectify doesn't fulfill those), we will be better able to help you.\nHave you considered using JSON for your serialization? It's easy to parse, natively supports python-like data structures, and has wide-reaching support. As an added bonus, it doesn't open your code to all kinds of evil exploits the way the native pickle module does.\nHonestly, you need to bite the bullet and define a format, and build a serializer using the standard XML tools, if you absolutely must use XML. Consider JSON.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,xml,serialization,pickle","A_Id":4136375,"CreationDate":"2010-11-09T16:10:00.000","Title":"XML object serialization in python, are there any alternatives to Gnosis?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to access any element in a web page. I know how to do that when I have a form (form = cgi.FieldStorage()), but not when I have, for example, a table.\nHow can I do that?\nThanks","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":178,"Q_Id":4149598,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can access only data, posted by form (or as GET parameters).\nSo, you can extract data you need using JavaScript and post it through form","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cgi,html-parsing","A_Id":4149742,"CreationDate":"2010-11-10T22:07:00.000","Title":"How can I access any element in a web page with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to pickle a scapy packet. Most of the time this works, but sometimes the pickler complains about a function object. As a rule of thumb: ARP packets pickle fine. Some UDP packets are problematic.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4367,"Q_Id":4156328,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"(This is more for reference, so no votes expected)\nThe Scapy list scapy.ml@secdev.org is well-monitored and tends to be very responsive.  If you don't get answers here, try there as well.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,pickle,scapy","A_Id":4157378,"CreationDate":"2010-11-11T15:57:00.000","Title":"How to pickle a scapy packet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using Python, how might one read a file's path from a remote server?\nThis is a bit more clear to me on my local PC.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":36179,"Q_Id":4163456,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"use the os.path module to manipulate path string (you need to import os)\n\nthe current directory is os.path.abspath(os.curdir)\njoin 2 parts of a path with os.path.join(dirname, filename): this will take care of inserting the right path separator ('\\' or '\/', depending on the operating system) for building the path","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4164507,"CreationDate":"2010-11-12T09:58:00.000","Title":"Python - how to read path file\/folder from server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have 2 pages, a static html page and a python script - hosted on [local] google app engine.\n\/html\/hello.html\ndefine as login: required\n\/broadcast\nwhich is a python script\nwhen I access hello.html for the first time I am redirected to login page, I sign in, and then redirected back to hello.html.\ninside hello.html - an AJAX call with jQuery is executed to load data from '\/broadcast', this call errors saying 'you're not logged in'!\nBUT - the same call to '\/broadcast' through the browser address field succeeds as if I AM signed in!\nas if the ajax and the browser callers have different cookies!??\nHELP, am I going bananas?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":90,"Q_Id":4163748,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Stupid me... \nThe ajax call was to localhost\/broadcast\nand the browser address field was 127.0.0.1\/broadcast\n...\nthe cookies for \"different\" domains ('127.0.0.1' != 'localhost') are not shared ofcourse...\nThen I haven't gone mad...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,ajax,google-app-engine,jquery","A_Id":4164056,"CreationDate":"2010-11-12T10:37:00.000","Title":"AJAX and browser GET calls appear to have different cookies","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing a python script to combine about 20+ RSS feeds.  I would like to use a custom solution instead of feedjack or planetfeed.  \nI use feedparser to parse the feeds and mysql to cache them.  \nThe problem I am running into is determining which feeds have already been cached and which haven't.\nSome pseudo code for what I have tried:\n\ncreate a list of all feed items\nget the date of last item cached from db\ncheck which items in my list have a date greater than my item from the db and return this filtered list\nsort the returned filtered list by date the item was created\nadd new items to the db\n\nI feel like this would work, but my problem is that not all of the dates on the RSS feeds I am using are correct.  Sometimes a publisher, for whatever reason, will have feed items with dates in the future.  If this future date gets added to the db, then it will always be greater than the date of the items in my list.  So, the comparison stops working and no new items get added to the db.  I would like to come up with another solution and not rely on the publishers dates. \nHow would some of you pros do this?  Assuming you have to combine multiple rss feeds, save them to a mysql db and then return them in ordered by date.  I'm just looking for pseudo code to give me an idea of the best way to do this. \nThanks for your help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1116,"Q_Id":4167863,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Depending on how often the feeds are updated and how often you check, you could simply fix broken dates (if it's in the future, reset it to today), before adding them to the database.\nOther than that, you'd have to use some sort of ID\u2014I think RSS has an ID field on each item. If your feeds are kept in order, you can get the most recent cached ID, find that in the feed items list, and then add everything newer. If they're out of order, you'd have to check each one against your cache, and add it if it's missing.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4168693,"CreationDate":"2010-11-12T18:29:00.000","Title":"best algorithm to combine multiple RSS feeds using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am looking for tutorials and\/or examples of certain components of a social network web app that may include Python code examples of:\n\nuser account auto-gen function(database)\nfriend\/follow function (Twitter\/Facebook style)\nmessaging\/reply function (Twitter style)\nlive chat function (Facebook style)\nblog function\npublic forums (like Get Satisfaction or Stack Overflow)\nprofile page template auto-gen function\n\nI just want to start getting my head around how Python can be used to make these features. I am not looking for a solution like Pinax since  it is built upon Django and I will be ultimately using Pylons or just straight up Python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2075,"Q_Id":4173883,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"So you're not interested in a fixed solution but want to program it yourself, do I get that correctly? If not: Go with a fixed solution. This will be a lot of programming effort, and whatever you want to do afterwards, doing it in another framework than you intended will be a much smaller problem.\nBut if you're actually interested in the programming experience, and you haven't found any tutorials googling for, say \"messaging python tutorial\", then that's because these are large-scale projects,- if you describe a project of this size, you're so many miles above actual lines of code that the concrete programming language almost doesn't matter (or at least you don't get stuck with the details). So you need to break these things down into smaller components. \nFor example, the friend\/follow function: How to insert stuff into a table with a user id, how to keep a table of follow-relations, how to query for a user all texts from people she's following (of course there's also some infrastructural issues if you hit >100.000 people, but you get the idea ;). Then you can ask yourself, which is the part of this which I don't know how to do in Python? If your problem, on the other hand, is breaking down the problems into these subproblems, you need to start looking for help on that, but that's probably not language specific (so you might just want to start googling for \"architecture friend feed\" or whatever). Also, you could ask that here (beware, each bullet point makes for a huge question in itself ;). Finally, you could get into the Pinax code (don't know it but I assume it's open source) and see how they're doing it. You could try porting some of their stuff to Pylons, for example, so you don't have to reinvent their wheel, learn how they do it, end up in the framework you wanted and maybe even create something reusable by others.\nsorry for tl;dr, that's because I don't have a concrete URL to point you to!","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,social-networking,pylons,get-satisfaction","A_Id":4174212,"CreationDate":"2010-11-13T17:49:00.000","Title":"Where can I find Python code examples, or tutorials, of social networking style functions\/components?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to do a test load for a web page. I want to do it in python with multiple threads.\nFirst POST request would login user (set cookies).\nThen I need to know how many users doing the same POST request simultaneously can server take.\nSo I'm thinking about spawning threads in which requests would be made in loop.\nI have a couple of questions:\n1. Is it possible to run 1000 - 1500 requests at the same time CPU wise? I mean wouldn't it slow down the system so it's not reliable anymore?\n2. What about the bandwidth limitations? How good the channel should be for this test to be reliable?\nServer on which test site is hosted is Amazon EC2 script would be run from another server(Amazon too).\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8721,"Q_Id":4179879,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"too many variables. 1000 at the same time... no. in the same second... possibly. bandwidth may well be the bottleneck. this is something best solved by experimentation.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,multithreading,load-testing","A_Id":4180003,"CreationDate":"2010-11-14T21:46:00.000","Title":"Python script load testing web page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a browser which sends utf-8 characters to my Python server, but when I retrieve it from the query string, the encoding that Python returns is ASCII. How can I convert the plain string to utf-8?\nNOTE: The string passed from the web is already UTF-8 encoded, I just want to make Python to treat it as UTF-8 not ASCII.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":817441,"Q_Id":4182603,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"First, str in Python is represented in Unicode.\nSecond, UTF-8 is an encoding standard to encode Unicode string to bytes. There are many encoding standards out there (e.g. UTF-16, ASCII, SHIFT-JIS, etc.).\n\nWhen the client sends data to your server and they are using UTF-8, they are sending a bunch of bytes not str.\nYou received a str because the \"library\" or \"framework\" that you are using, has implicitly converted some random bytes to str.\nUnder the hood, there is just a bunch of bytes. You just need ask the \"library\" to give you the request content in bytes and you will handle the decoding yourself (if library can't give you then it is trying to do black magic then you shouldn't use it).\n\nDecode UTF-8 encoded bytes to str: bs.decode('utf-8')\nEncode str to UTF-8 bytes: s.encode('utf-8')","Q_Score":230,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,unicode,utf-8","A_Id":63293431,"CreationDate":"2010-11-15T08:26:00.000","Title":"How to convert a string to utf-8 in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have Django app that presents a list of items that you can add comments to. \nWhat i basically want to do is something like the Facebook did: when someone post a comment on your item, you will receive an e-mail. What I want to do, is when you reply to that e-mail, the reply to be posted as a comment reply on the website. \nWhat should I use to achieve this using python as much as possible ? Maybe even Django ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":422,"Q_Id":4183158,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can for example write script for importing comments from mailbox(for example 1-3 minutes for cron).\nYou should connect to special mailbox which collects replies from users(comments).\nEvery mail have own header and title. You really can find out which post user try to comment(by header or title), and then import django enviroment and insert new recods.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,django,email","A_Id":4183238,"CreationDate":"2010-11-15T09:51:00.000","Title":"How to post a comment on e-mail reply?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have Django app that presents a list of items that you can add comments to. \nWhat i basically want to do is something like the Facebook did: when someone post a comment on your item, you will receive an e-mail. What I want to do, is when you reply to that e-mail, the reply to be posted as a comment reply on the website. \nWhat should I use to achieve this using python as much as possible ? Maybe even Django ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":422,"Q_Id":4183158,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I think a good way is how Google+ handles it using a + on email address it can be reply+id-or hash-of-parent@domain.com then u must write a worker that check the POP server and","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,django,email","A_Id":18135014,"CreationDate":"2010-11-15T09:51:00.000","Title":"How to post a comment on e-mail reply?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to to test my application's handling of timeouts when grabbing data via urllib2, and I want to have some way to force the request to timeout. \nShort of finding a very very slow internet connection, what method can I use? \nI seem to remember an interesting application\/suite for simulating these sorts of things. Maybe someone knows the link?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6193,"Q_Id":4188723,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"why not write a very simple CGI script in bash that just sleeps for the required timeout period?","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":4188773,"CreationDate":"2010-11-15T20:55:00.000","Title":"How can I force urllib2 to time out?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking to write a program that searches for the tags in an xml document and changes the string between the tags from localhost to manager. The tag might appear in the xml document multiple times, and the document does have a definite path. Would python or vbscript make the most sense for this problem? And can anyone provide a template so I can get started? That would be great. Thanks.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1031,"Q_Id":4198416,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I was able to get this to work by using the vbscript solutions provided. The reasons I hadn't committed to a Visual Basic script before was that I didn't think it was possible to execute this script remotely with PsExec. It turns out I solved this problem as well with the help of Server Fault. In case you are interested in how that works, cscript.exe is the command parameter of PsExec and the vbscript file serves as the argument of cscript. Thanks for all the help, everyone!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,scripting,vbscript,batch-file","A_Id":4230800,"CreationDate":"2010-11-16T20:04:00.000","Title":"batch script or python program to edit string in xml tags","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm currently working on a site that makes several calls to big name online sellers like eBay and Amazon to fetch prices for certain items. The issue is, currently it takes a few seconds (as far as I can tell, this time is from making the calls) to load the results, which I'd like to be more instant (~10 seconds is too much in my opinion). \nI've already cached other information that I need to fetch, but that information is static. Is there a way that I can cache the prices but update them only when needed? The code is in Python and I store info in a mySQL database.\nI was thinking of somehow using chron or something along that lines to update it every so often, but it would be nice if there was a simpler and less intense approach to this problem.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":196,"Q_Id":4208989,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"How are you getting the price?  If you are scrapping the data from the normal HTML page using a tool such as BeautifulSoup, that may be slowing down the round-trip time.  In this case, it might help to compute a fast checksum (such as MD5) from the page to see if it has changed, before parsing it.  If you are using a API which gives a short XML version of the price, this is probably not an issue.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mysql,html,caching","A_Id":4210460,"CreationDate":"2010-11-17T20:46:00.000","Title":"Caching online prices fetched via API unless they change","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a generic\/automatic way in R or in python to parse xml files with its nodes and attributes, automatically generate mysql tables for storing that information and then populate those tables.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2008,"Q_Id":4213696,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"We do something like this at work sometimes but not in python. In that case, each usage requires a custom program to be written. We only have a SAX parser available. Using an XML decoder to get a dictionary\/hash in a single step would help a lot.\nAt the very least you'd have to tell it which tags map to which to tables and fields, no pre-existing lib can know that...","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,r","A_Id":4214098,"CreationDate":"2010-11-18T10:15:00.000","Title":"Parsing an xml file and storing it into a database","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a generic\/automatic way in R or in python to parse xml files with its nodes and attributes, automatically generate mysql tables for storing that information and then populate those tables.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2008,"Q_Id":4213696,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There's the XML package for reading XML into R, and the RMySQL package for writing data from R into MySQL. \nBetween the two there's a lot of work. XML surpasses the scope of a RDBMS like MySQL so something that could handle any XML thrown at it would be either ridiculously complex or trivially useless.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,r","A_Id":4214476,"CreationDate":"2010-11-18T10:15:00.000","Title":"Parsing an xml file and storing it into a database","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a generic\/automatic way in R or in python to parse xml files with its nodes and attributes, automatically generate mysql tables for storing that information and then populate those tables.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2008,"Q_Id":4213696,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"They're three separate operations: parsing, table creation, and data population.  You can do all three with python, but there's nothing \"automatic\" about it.  I don't think it's so easy.\nFor example, XML is hierarchical and SQL is relational, set-based.  I don't think it's always so easy to get a good relational schema for every single XML stream you can encounter.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,r","A_Id":4213749,"CreationDate":"2010-11-18T10:15:00.000","Title":"Parsing an xml file and storing it into a database","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote the program that would need to authenticate users using their Linux usernames and passwords. I think it should do with PAM. I have tried searching from google PAM module for python3, but I did not find any. Is there a ready to use the PAM libraries, or try to make my own library? Is PAM usage some special security risks that should be taken into?\nI know that I can authenticate users with python3 spwd class but I dont want to use that, because then I have to run my program with root access.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2466,"Q_Id":4216163,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"+che\nthe python pam module you linked to is not python3 compatible.  there are three pam modules that i'm aware of {'pam', 'pypam', 'spypam'}, and none are py3 compatible.\ni've modified Chris AtLee's original pam package to work with python3.  cleaning it up a bit before feeding back to him","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,linux,authentication,python-3.x,pam","A_Id":8396713,"CreationDate":"2010-11-18T15:03:00.000","Title":"Authenticate user in linux with python 3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i am working on a project that requires me to create multiple threads to download a large remote file. I have done this already but i cannot understand while it takes a longer amount of time to download a the file with multiple threads compared to using just a single thread. I used my xampp localhost to carry out the time elapsed test. I would like to know if its a normal behaviour or is it because i have not tried downloading from a real server. \nThanks\nKennedy","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1871,"Q_Id":4219134,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"9 women can't combine to make a baby in one month.  If you have 10 threads, they each have only 10% the bandwidth of a single thread, and there is the additional overhead for context switching, etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,download,urllib2","A_Id":4219434,"CreationDate":"2010-11-18T20:15:00.000","Title":"Python\/Urllib2\/Threading: Single download thread faster than multiple download threads. Why?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i am working on a project that requires me to create multiple threads to download a large remote file. I have done this already but i cannot understand while it takes a longer amount of time to download a the file with multiple threads compared to using just a single thread. I used my xampp localhost to carry out the time elapsed test. I would like to know if its a normal behaviour or is it because i have not tried downloading from a real server. \nThanks\nKennedy","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1871,"Q_Id":4219134,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Twisted uses non-blocking I\/O, that means if data is not available on socket right now, doesn't block the entire thread, so you can handle many socket connections waiting for I\/O in one thread simultaneous. But if doing something different than I\/O (parsing large amounts of data) you still block the thread.\nWhen you're using stdlib's socket module it does blocking I\/O, that means when you're call socket.read and data is not available at the moment \u2014 it will block entire thread, so you need one thread per connection to handle concurrent download.\nThese are two approaches to concurrency:\n\nFork new thread for new connection (threading + socket from stdlib).\nMultiplex I\/O and handle may connections in one thread (Twisted).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,download,urllib2","A_Id":4222497,"CreationDate":"2010-11-18T20:15:00.000","Title":"Python\/Urllib2\/Threading: Single download thread faster than multiple download threads. Why?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a python snippet to read an internet radio stream(.asx, .pls etc) and save it to a file.\nThe final project is cron'ed script that will record an hour or two of internet radio and then transfer it to my phone for playback during my commute. (3g is kind of spotty along my commute)\nany snippits or pointers are welcome.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16163,"Q_Id":4247248,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I am aware this is a year old, but this is still a viable question, which I have recently been fiddling with.\nMost internet radio stations will give you an option of type of download, I choose the MP3 version, then read the info from a raw socket and write it to a file. The trick is figuring out how fast your download is compared to playing the song so you can create a balance on the read\/write size. This would be in your buffer def.\nNow that you have the file, it is fine to simply leave it on your drive (record), but most players will delete from file the already played chunk and clear the file out off the drive and ram when streaming is stopped.\nI have used some code snippets from a file archive without compression app to handle a lot of the file file handling, playing, buffering magic. It's very similar in how the process flows. If you write up some sudo-code (which I highly recommend) you can see the similarities.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,stream,audio-streaming,radio","A_Id":13279976,"CreationDate":"2010-11-22T15:47:00.000","Title":"Record streaming and saving internet radio in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For a research project, I am collecting tweets using Python-Twitter. However, when running our program nonstop on a single computer for a week we manage to collect about only 20 MB of data per week. I am only running this program on one machine so that we do not collect the same tweets twice.\nOur program runs a loop that calls getPublicTimeline() every 60 seconds. I tried to improve this by calling getUserTimeline() on some of the users that appeared in the public timeline. However, this consistently got me banned from collecting tweets at all for about half an hour each time. Even without the ban, it seemed that there was very little speed-up by adding this code.\nI know about Twitter's \"whitelisting\" that allows a user to submit more requests per hour. I applied for this about three weeks ago, and have not hear back since, so I am looking for alternatives that will allow our program to collect tweets more efficiently without going over the standard rate limit. Does anyone know of a faster way to collect public tweets from Twitter? We'd like to get about 100 MB per week.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5951,"Q_Id":4249684,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I did a similar project analyzing data from tweets. If you're just going at this from a pure data collection\/analysis angle, you can just scrape any of the better sites that collect these tweets for various reasons. Many sites allow you to search by hashtag, so throw in a popular enough hashtag and you've got thousands of results. I just scraped a few of these sites for popular hashtags, collected these into a large list, queried that list against the site, and scraped all of the usable information from the results. Some sites also allow you to export the data directly, making this task even easier. You'll get a lot of garbage results that you'll probably need to filter (spam, foreign language, etc), but this was the quickest way that worked for our project. Twitter will probably not grant you whitelisted status, so I definitely wouldn't count on that.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,twitter,python-twitter","A_Id":4250479,"CreationDate":"2010-11-22T20:02:00.000","Title":"How to Collect Tweets More Quickly Using Twitter API in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Question: Where is a good starting point for learning to write server applications?\n\nInfo:\nI'm looking in to writing a distributed computing system to harvest the idle cycles of the couple hundred computers sitting idle around my college's campus. There are systems that come close, but don't quite meet all the requirements I need. (most notable all transactions have to be made through SSH because the network blocks everything else)  So I've decided to write my own application. partly to get exactly what I want, but also for experience.\nImportant features:\n\nWritten in python\nAll transaction made through ssh(this is solved through the simple use of pexpect)\nServer needs to be able to take potentially hundreds of hits. I'll optimize later, the point being simulation sessions.\n\nI feel like those aren't to ridiculous of things to try and accomplish. But with the last one I'm not certain where to even start. I've actually already accomplished the first 2 and written a program that will log into my server, and then print ls -l to a file locally. so that isn't hard. but how do i attach several clients asking the server for simulation data to crunch all at the same time? obviously it feels like threading comes in to play here, but more than that I'm sure.\nThis is where my problem is. Where does one even start researching how to write server applications? Am I even using the right wording? What information is there freely available on the internet and\/or what books are there on such? again, specifically python, but a step in the right direction is one more than where i am now.\np.s. this seeemed more fitting for stackoverflow than serverfault. Correct me if I am wrong.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":186,"Q_Id":4253557,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Here's an approach.\n\nWrite an \"agent\" in Python.  The agent is installed on the various computers.  It does whatever processing your need locally.  It uses urllib2 to make RESTful HTTP requests of the server.  It either posts data or requests work to do or whatever is supposed to go on.\nWrite a \"server\" in Python.  The server is installed on one computer.  This is written using wsgiref and is a simple WSGI-based server that serves requests from the various agents scattered around campus.\n\nWhile this requires agent installation, it's very, very simple.   It can be made very, very secure (use HTTP Digest Authentication).  And the agent's privileges define the level of vulnerability.  If the agent is running in an account with relatively few privileges, it's quite safe.  The agent shouldn't run as root and the agent's account should not be allowed to su or sudo.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4255361,"CreationDate":"2010-11-23T07:04:00.000","Title":"where to start programing a server application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have a Rest API that requires client certificate authentication.  The API is used by this collection of python scripts that a user can run.  To make it so that the user doesn't have to enter their password for their client certificate every time they run one of the scripts, we've created this broker process in java that a user can startup and run in the background which holds the user's certificate password in memory (we just have the javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword property set in the JVM). The scripts communicate with this process and the process just forwards the Rest API calls to the server (adding the certificate credentials).  \nTo do the IPC between the scripts and the broker process we're just using a socket.  The problem is that the socket opens up a security risk in that someone could use the Rest API using another person's certificate by communicating through the broker process port on the other person's machine.  We've mitigated the risk somewhat by using java security to only allow connections to the port from localhost.  I think though someone in theory could still do it by remotely connecting to the machine and then using the port.   Is there a way to further limit the use of the port to the current windows user?  Or maybe is there another form of IPC I could use that can do authorization using the current windows user?\nWe're using Java for the broker process just because everyone on our team is much more familiar with Java than python but it could be rewritten in python if that would help.\nEdit:  Just remembered the other reason for using java for the broker process is that we are stuck with using python v2.6 and at this version https with client certificates doesn't appear to be supported (at least not without using a 3rd party library).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":521,"Q_Id":4257038,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The most simple approach is to use cookie-based access control. Have a file in the user's profile\/homedirectory which contains the cookie. Have the Java server generate and save the cookie, and have the Python client scripts send the cookie as the first piece of data on any TCP connection.\nThis is secure as long as an adversary cannot get the cookie, which then should be protected by file system ACLs.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,windows,ipc,ssl-certificate","A_Id":4257229,"CreationDate":"2010-11-23T14:33:00.000","Title":"IPC on Windows between Java and Python secured to the current user","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have a Rest API that requires client certificate authentication.  The API is used by this collection of python scripts that a user can run.  To make it so that the user doesn't have to enter their password for their client certificate every time they run one of the scripts, we've created this broker process in java that a user can startup and run in the background which holds the user's certificate password in memory (we just have the javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword property set in the JVM). The scripts communicate with this process and the process just forwards the Rest API calls to the server (adding the certificate credentials).  \nTo do the IPC between the scripts and the broker process we're just using a socket.  The problem is that the socket opens up a security risk in that someone could use the Rest API using another person's certificate by communicating through the broker process port on the other person's machine.  We've mitigated the risk somewhat by using java security to only allow connections to the port from localhost.  I think though someone in theory could still do it by remotely connecting to the machine and then using the port.   Is there a way to further limit the use of the port to the current windows user?  Or maybe is there another form of IPC I could use that can do authorization using the current windows user?\nWe're using Java for the broker process just because everyone on our team is much more familiar with Java than python but it could be rewritten in python if that would help.\nEdit:  Just remembered the other reason for using java for the broker process is that we are stuck with using python v2.6 and at this version https with client certificates doesn't appear to be supported (at least not without using a 3rd party library).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":521,"Q_Id":4257038,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think I've come up with a solution inspired by Martin's post above.  When the broker process starts up I'll create an mini http server listening on the IPC port.  Also during startup I'll write a file containing a randomly generated password (that's different every startup) to the user's home directory so that only the user can read the file (or an administrator but I don't think I need to worry about that). Then I'll lock down the IPC port by requiring all http requests sent there to use the password.  It's a bit Rube Goldberg-esque but I think it will work.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,windows,ipc,ssl-certificate","A_Id":4271608,"CreationDate":"2010-11-23T14:33:00.000","Title":"IPC on Windows between Java and Python secured to the current user","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using python with urllib2 & cookielib and such to open a url. This url set's one cookie in it's header and two more in the page with some javascript. It then redirects to a different page.\nI can parse out all the relevant info for the cookies being set with the javascript, but I can't for the life of me figure out how to get them into the cookie-jar as cookies.\nEssentially, when I follow to the site being redirected too, those two cookies have to be accessible by that site.\nTo be very specific, I'm trying to login in to gomtv.net by using their \"login in with a Twitter account\" feature in python.\nAnyone?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":255,"Q_Id":4258278,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can't set cookies for another domain - browsers will not allow it.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,authentication,cookies,cookielib","A_Id":4258354,"CreationDate":"2010-11-23T16:25:00.000","Title":"How do I manually put cookies in a jar?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have some url to parse, and they used some javascript to create it dynamicly. So if i want to parse the result generated page with python... how can i do that ?\nFirefox do that well with web developer... so i think it possible ... but i don't know where to start...\nThx for help\nlo","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":212,"Q_Id":4264076,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I you want generated source you'll need a browser, I don't think you can with only python.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,parsing,url,dynamically-generated","A_Id":4264223,"CreationDate":"2010-11-24T06:35:00.000","Title":"How to see generated source from an URL page with python script and not anly source?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have some url to parse, and they used some javascript to create it dynamicly. So if i want to parse the result generated page with python... how can i do that ?\nFirefox do that well with web developer... so i think it possible ... but i don't know where to start...\nThx for help\nlo","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":212,"Q_Id":4264076,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I've done this by doing a POST of document.body.innerHTML, after the page is loaded, to a CGI script in Python.\nFor the parsing, BeautifulSoup is a good choice.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,parsing,url,dynamically-generated","A_Id":4264239,"CreationDate":"2010-11-24T06:35:00.000","Title":"How to see generated source from an URL page with python script and not anly source?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I know it's possible to open up specific URL's with python's webbrowser module. Is it possible to use strings as search queries with it, or another module? Say in an engine like Google or Yahoo?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":830,"Q_Id":4265580,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Of course it's possible - they're just GET requests. So long as you format the URL properly with the query string correct and all (http:\/\/google.com\/search?q=query - look at the site to see what it needs to be), it'll work fine. It's just a URL.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,browser,search-engine","A_Id":4266457,"CreationDate":"2010-11-24T10:09:00.000","Title":"Python Web Search","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to write a peer-to-peer chat application in Python? \nI am thinking of this from a hobbyist project point-of-view. Can two  machines connect to each other directly without involving a server? I have always wondered this, but never actually seen it implemented anywhere so I am thinking there must be a catch somewhere.\nPS: I intend to learn Twisted, so if that is involved, it would be an added advantage!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2413,"Q_Id":4269287,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Yes, each computer (as long as their on the same network) can establish a server instance with inbound and outbound POST\/GET.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,twisted","A_Id":4269340,"CreationDate":"2010-11-24T16:47:00.000","Title":"Writing a P2P chat application in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to write a peer-to-peer chat application in Python? \nI am thinking of this from a hobbyist project point-of-view. Can two  machines connect to each other directly without involving a server? I have always wondered this, but never actually seen it implemented anywhere so I am thinking there must be a catch somewhere.\nPS: I intend to learn Twisted, so if that is involved, it would be an added advantage!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2413,"Q_Id":4269287,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think i am way too late in putting my two bits here, i accidentally stumbled upon here as i was also searching on similar lines. I think you can do this fairly easily using just sockets only, however as mentioned above one of the machines would have to act like a server, to whome the other will connect.\nI am not familiar with twisted, but i did achieved this using just sockets. But yes even i am curious to know how would you achieve peer2peer chat communication if there are multiple clients connected to a server. Creating a chat room kind of app is easy but i am having hard time in thinking how to handle peer to peer connections.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,twisted","A_Id":49536752,"CreationDate":"2010-11-24T16:47:00.000","Title":"Writing a P2P chat application in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to write a peer-to-peer chat application in Python? \nI am thinking of this from a hobbyist project point-of-view. Can two  machines connect to each other directly without involving a server? I have always wondered this, but never actually seen it implemented anywhere so I am thinking there must be a catch somewhere.\nPS: I intend to learn Twisted, so if that is involved, it would be an added advantage!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2413,"Q_Id":4269287,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Yes. You can do this pretty easily with Twisted. Just have one of the peers act like a server and the other one act like a client. In fact, the twisted tutorial will get you most of the way there.\nThe only problem you're likely to run into is firewalls. Most people run their home machines behind SNAT routers, which make it tougher to connect directly to them from outside. You can get around it with port forwarding though.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,twisted","A_Id":4269328,"CreationDate":"2010-11-24T16:47:00.000","Title":"Writing a P2P chat application in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to have a python client that can discover queues on a restarted RabbitMQ server exchange, and then start up a clients to resume consuming messages from each queue. How can I discover queues from some RabbitMQ compatible python api\/library?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":70261,"Q_Id":4287941,"Users Score":27,"Answer":"As far as I know, there isn't any way of doing this. That's nothing to do with Python, but because AMQP doesn't define any method of queue discovery.\nIn any case, in AMQP it's clients (consumers) that declare queues: publishers publish messages to an exchange with a routing key, and consumers determine which queues those routing keys go to. So it does not make sense to talk about queues in the absence of consumers.","Q_Score":42,"Tags":"python,rabbitmq,amqp","A_Id":4288304,"CreationDate":"2010-11-26T19:06:00.000","Title":"How can I list or discover queues on a RabbitMQ exchange using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to have a python client that can discover queues on a restarted RabbitMQ server exchange, and then start up a clients to resume consuming messages from each queue. How can I discover queues from some RabbitMQ compatible python api\/library?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":70261,"Q_Id":4287941,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Management features are due in a future version of AMQP. So for now you will have to wait till for a new version that will come with that functionality.","Q_Score":42,"Tags":"python,rabbitmq,amqp","A_Id":4289172,"CreationDate":"2010-11-26T19:06:00.000","Title":"How can I list or discover queues on a RabbitMQ exchange using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My code was working correctly till yesterday and I was able to fetch tweets, from GetSearch(), but now it is returning empty list, though I check my credentials are correct\nIs something changed recently??  \nThank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":297,"Q_Id":4291319,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"They might have a limit of requests in a certain amount of time or they had a failure on the system. You can ask for new credentials to see if the problem was the first one and try getting the tweets with them.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-twitter","A_Id":4291535,"CreationDate":"2010-11-27T11:08:00.000","Title":"python-twitter GetSearch giving empty list","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My goal:  \nI want to host a folder of photos, but if at anytime 100 files are being downloaded, I want to redirect a new downloader\/request to a 'waiting page' and give them a place in line and an approximate countdown clock until its their turn to download their requested content. Then either redirect them directly to the content, or (ideally) give them a button (token,expiring serial number) they can click that will take them to the content when they are ready.\nI've seen sites do something similar to this, such as rapidshare, but I have not seen an open-source example of this type of setup. I would think it would be combining several technologies and modifying request headers?\nAny help\/ideas would be greatly appreciated!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":62,"Q_Id":4295823,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Twisted network engine is about the best answer for you. What you can have is you can have the downloader serving a maximum of 100 x people then when the queue is full you will direct people to a holding loop, in the holding loop they will wait x seconds, check if queue is full, check not expired, see who else is waiting, if this ticket was here first, jump to top of download queue. As a TCP\/IP connection comes in on twisted the level of control on your clients is so insane that you can do some might and powerful things in weird and wonderful ways, now imagine building this into a scalable and interactive twisted http server where you keep the level of control but you can actually serve resources. \nThe simplest way to get away with it is probably a pool of tickets, when a download is complete the downloader returns the ticket to the pool for someone else to take, if there are no tickets wait your turn.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"c#,php,python,apache,nginx","A_Id":4297198,"CreationDate":"2010-11-28T07:35:00.000","Title":"Controlling rate of downloads on a per request and\/or per resource basis (and providing a first-come-first-serve waiting system)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have to upload a webpage on cdn. Say test.html, test.css, image1.jpg etc. Now I am uploading all these file one by one. I think which is not efficient. So, is it possible to keep all these files in folder and then upload this folder on the cdn? If yes, then what parameters i need to take care about that. Does zipping the folder helpful? I am using python.\nThanks in Advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1114,"Q_Id":4299324,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you are trying to upload the static content of your website (not the user uploaded files) to CDN via FTP client or something similar. \nTo achieve bulk upload you may ZIP all such files on local machine and upload to your webserver. Unzip files on webserver and write a batch script which utlize the CDN API to send files in CDN container. \nFor fulture new or modified files, write another batch script to grab all new\/modified files and send to CDN container via CDN API.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cdn","A_Id":18712080,"CreationDate":"2010-11-28T21:55:00.000","Title":"How to upload multiple files on cdn?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I feel stacked here trying to change encodings with Python 2.5\nI have XML response, which I encode to UTF-8: response.encode('utf-8'). That is fine, but the program which uses this info doesn't like this encoding and I have to convert it to other code page. Real example is that I use ghostscript python module to embed pdfmark data to a PDF file - end result is with wrong characters in Acrobat.\nI've done numerous combinations with .encode() and .decode() between 'utf-8' and 'latin-1' and it drives me crazy as I can't output correct result.\nIf I output the string to a file with .encode('utf-8') and then convert this file from UTF-8 to CP1252 (aka latin-1) with i.e. iconv.exe and embed the data everything is fine.\nBasically can someone help me convert i.e. character \u00e1 which is UTF-8 encoded as hex: C3 A1 to latin-1 as hex: E1?\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":144526,"Q_Id":4299802,"Users Score":23,"Answer":"Instead of .encode('utf-8'), use .encode('latin-1').","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"python,encoding","A_Id":4299809,"CreationDate":"2010-11-28T23:37:00.000","Title":"Python: convert string from UTF-8 to Latin-1","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I feel stacked here trying to change encodings with Python 2.5\nI have XML response, which I encode to UTF-8: response.encode('utf-8'). That is fine, but the program which uses this info doesn't like this encoding and I have to convert it to other code page. Real example is that I use ghostscript python module to embed pdfmark data to a PDF file - end result is with wrong characters in Acrobat.\nI've done numerous combinations with .encode() and .decode() between 'utf-8' and 'latin-1' and it drives me crazy as I can't output correct result.\nIf I output the string to a file with .encode('utf-8') and then convert this file from UTF-8 to CP1252 (aka latin-1) with i.e. iconv.exe and embed the data everything is fine.\nBasically can someone help me convert i.e. character \u00e1 which is UTF-8 encoded as hex: C3 A1 to latin-1 as hex: E1?\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":144526,"Q_Id":4299802,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the previous answers do not solve your problem, check the source of the data that won't print\/convert properly.\nIn my case, I was using json.load on data incorrectly read from file by not using the encoding=\"utf-8\". Trying to de-\/encode the resulting string to latin-1 just does not help...","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"python,encoding","A_Id":32096180,"CreationDate":"2010-11-28T23:37:00.000","Title":"Python: convert string from UTF-8 to Latin-1","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a script which will run on my server. Its purpose is to download the document. If any person hit the particular url he\/she should be able to download the document. I am using urllib.urlretrieve but it download document on the server side not on the client. How to download in python at client side?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":322,"Q_Id":4311347,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If the script runs on your server, its purpose is to serve a document, not to download it (the latter would be the urllib solution).\nDepending on your needs you can:\n\nSet up static file serving with e.g. Apache\nMake the script execute on a certain URL (e.g. with mod_wsgi), then the script should set the Content-Type (provides document type such as \"text\/plain\") and Content-Disposition (provides download filename) headers and send the document data\n\nAs your question is not more specific, this answer can't be either.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4311727,"CreationDate":"2010-11-30T07:10:00.000","Title":"how to download in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a script which will run on my server. Its purpose is to download the document. If any person hit the particular url he\/she should be able to download the document. I am using urllib.urlretrieve but it download document on the server side not on the client. How to download in python at client side?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":322,"Q_Id":4311347,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the document is on your server and your intention is that the user should be able to download this file, couldn't you just serve the url to that resource as a hyperlink in your HTML code. Sorry if I have been obtuse but this seems the most logical step given your explanation.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4311383,"CreationDate":"2010-11-30T07:10:00.000","Title":"how to download in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a script which will run on my server. Its purpose is to download the document. If any person hit the particular url he\/she should be able to download the document. I am using urllib.urlretrieve but it download document on the server side not on the client. How to download in python at client side?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":322,"Q_Id":4311347,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Set the appropriate Content-type header, then send the file contents.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4311378,"CreationDate":"2010-11-30T07:10:00.000","Title":"how to download in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have got a url in this form - http:\\\\\/\\\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\\\/wiki\\\\\/The_Truman_Show. How can I make it normal url. I have tried using urllib.unquote without much success. \nI can always use regular expressions or some simple string replace stuff. But I believe that there is a better way to handle this...","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8233,"Q_Id":4312197,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"urllib.unquote is for replacing %xx escape codes in URLs with the characters they represent. It won't be useful for this.\nYour \"simple string replace stuff\" is probably the best solution.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,url","A_Id":4312223,"CreationDate":"2010-11-30T09:29:00.000","Title":"Python unescape URL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to do WSDL SOAP connection to our JIRA server using SOAPpy (Python SOAP Library).\nAll seems to be fine except when I try finding specific issues. Through the web browser looking up the bug ID actually redirects to a bug (with a different ID), however it is the bug in question just moved to a different project.\nAttempts to getIssue via the SOAPpy API results in an exception that the issue does not exist.\nAny way around this?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":281,"Q_Id":4320135,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Yes, there's an existing bug on this I've seen. Use the JIRA issue id instead of the key to locate it, as a workaround.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,soap,wsdl,jira","A_Id":4350861,"CreationDate":"2010-12-01T00:25:00.000","Title":"Python JIRA SOAPpy annoying redirect on findIssue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an lxml object called item and it may have a child called item.brand, however it's possible that there is none as this is returned from an API. How can I check this in Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":706,"Q_Id":4339708,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Try hasattr().","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4339741,"CreationDate":"2010-12-02T20:51:00.000","Title":"How can I see if a child exists in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My app opens a TCP socket and waits for data from other users on the network using the same application. At the same time, it can broadcast data to a specified host on the network. \nCurrently, I need to manually enter the IP of the destination host to be able to send data. I want to be able to find a list of all hosts running the application and have the user pick which host to broadcast data to.\nIs Bonjour\/ZeroConf the right route to go to accomplish this? (I'd like it to cross-platform OSX\/Win\/*Nix)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1210,"Q_Id":4343575,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Zeroconf\/DNS-SD is an excellent idea in this case. It's provided by Bonjour on OS X and Windows (but must be installed separately or as part of an Apple product on Windows), and by Avahi on FOSS *nix.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,networking,bonjour,zeroconf","A_Id":4343600,"CreationDate":"2010-12-03T08:07:00.000","Title":"Proper way to publish and find services on a LAN using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to use python urllib2 to simulate a login action, I use Fiddler to catch the packets and got that the login action is just an ajax request and the username and password is sent as  json data, but I have no idea how to use urllib2 to send json data, help...","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":32746,"Q_Id":4348061,"Users Score":21,"Answer":"For Python 3.x\nNote the following\n\nIn Python 3.x the urllib and urllib2 modules have been combined. The module is named urllib. So, remember that urllib in Python 2.x and urllib in Python 3.x are DIFFERENT modules.\nThe POST data for urllib.request.Request in Python 3 does NOT accept a string (str) -- you have to pass a bytes object (or an iterable of bytes)\n\nExample\npass json data with POST in Python 3.x\n\nimport urllib.request\nimport json\n\njson_dict = { 'name': 'some name', 'value': 'some value' }\n\n# convert json_dict to JSON\njson_data = json.dumps(json_dict)\n\n# convert str to bytes (ensure encoding is OK)\npost_data = json_data.encode('utf-8')\n\n# we should also say the JSON content type header\nheaders = {}\nheaders['Content-Type'] = 'application\/json'\n\n# now do the request for a url\nreq = urllib.request.Request(url, post_data, headers)\n\n# send the request\nres = urllib.request.urlopen(req)\n\n# res is a file-like object\n# ...\n\n\nFinally note that you can ONLY send a POST request if you have SOME data to send.\nIf you want to do an HTTP POST without sending any data, you should send an empty dict as data.\n\ndata_dict = {}\npost_data = json.dumps(data_dict).encode()\n\nreq = urllib.request.Request(url, post_data)\nres = urllib.request.urlopen(req)","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,json,urllib2","A_Id":7469725,"CreationDate":"2010-12-03T17:15:00.000","Title":"How to use python urllib2 to send json data for login","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I  am iusing  in my html. I am trying to handle the request on server side using python BaseHTTPServer. I want to figure out how the request from video tag looks like???","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":513,"Q_Id":4348707,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It will be a simple GET request, just like any other resource embedded in an HTML document.\nIf you really want to examine exactly what browsers send, then use something like Charles or the Net tab of Firebug.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":4348712,"CreationDate":"2010-12-03T18:37:00.000","Title":"is Video tag in html a POST request or GET request?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I  am iusing  in my html. I am trying to handle the request on server side using python BaseHTTPServer. I want to figure out how the request from video tag looks like???","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":513,"Q_Id":4348707,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"POST is usually reserved for form submissions because you are POSTing form information to the server. In this case you are just GETing the contents of a <video> source.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":4348815,"CreationDate":"2010-12-03T18:37:00.000","Title":"is Video tag in html a POST request or GET request?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to limit the response size with httplib2?    For instance if it sees an HTTP body over X bytes the connection will just close without consuming more bandwidth.   Or perhaps only download the first X bytes of a file.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":720,"Q_Id":4362721,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Assuming that the server is sending the response body size in the Content-Length response header field, you can do it yourself.\nFirst, call Http.request(method=\"HEAD\") to retrieve only the headers and not the body. Then inspect the Content-Length field of the response to see if it is below your threshold. If it is, make a second request with the proper GET or POST method to retrieve the body; otherwise produce an error.\nIf the server isn't giving you the Content-Length (or is lying about it), it doesn't look like there is a way to cut off the download after some number of bytes.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":4362770,"CreationDate":"2010-12-06T02:37:00.000","Title":"Limiting response size with httplib2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a good framework to use for a soap service. I'd prefer to use a pythonic framework, but after looking at soaplib\/rpclib (too unstable), SOAPy (doesn't work with 2.7) and ZSI (too...confusing), I'm not sure that's possible. \nI'm fine with it being in another language, though I'm hesitant to use php's soap libraries due to some previous issues I've had with php. \nYes, I would very much like to to be SOAP as this is destined to primarily provide data to a Silverlight client, and VS makes it dead simple to work with soap services. And no, it can't be an WCF service as all of the hosts are linux-based. \nMuch appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1264,"Q_Id":4371139,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I have used Spring WS, JAVA in my previous project. It worked well, without any glitches. We served more than a million API request a day.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,silverlight,web-services,soap","A_Id":4371795,"CreationDate":"2010-12-06T21:29:00.000","Title":"What is a good framework for a soap service?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been working on some custom shared Internet calendar software. I currently have a webdav server setup using apache and my software (using python) and right now it works great with Thunderbird and the Lightning plugin, I can subscribe to an icalendar and edit events with no problem. However I've run into a snag with Outlook 2007. I can currently read an icalendar but it sets that calendar in Outlook 2007 to read only. Doing some searching I've come across some findings saying that setting up some webdav server stuff on a Windows machine I can get the machine to tell Outlook 2007 that the calendar can be editted as well (basically turn off the read only and allow that icalendar to be published). I'm currently trying to set the server up to work with but thought I might ask SO to speed up my research a bit.\nMy question basically is, is there some header information or something else that I can send in my response back to Outlook to let it know an Internet calendar has write privaleges? I know in general it is controlled by the client whether an icalendar can be written to since I can read and write these same calendars just fine in Thunderbird.\nAdditionally, I have heard this read\/write problem with Internet calendars have been solved in Outlook 2010 but upgrading to that is not an option.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1189,"Q_Id":4378924,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Microsoft Outlook 2007 seems to have no ability to allow writing to an Internet Calendar. Icalendars are set to read only. You can publish a calendar to a webdav to create your own icalendar but that calendar (in your Outlook '07) would never update if someone else were to somehow edit that calendar (on the server). It would always just overwrite it when it makes a 'PUT' to the server.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,apache,webdav,outlook-2007,icalendar","A_Id":4443166,"CreationDate":"2010-12-07T16:22:00.000","Title":"Allow Outlook 2007 to edit custom shared iCalendars","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"so i am developing my own download manager for educational purpose. I have multiple connections\/threads downloading a file, each connection works on a particular range of the file. Now after they have all fetched their chunks, i dont exact  know how to i bring this chunks together to re-make the original file. \nWhat i did:\nFirst, i created a temporary file in 'wb' mode, and allowed each connections\/threads to dump their chunks. But everytime a connection does this, it overwrites previously saved chunks. I figured this was because i used the 'wb' file descriptor. I changed it to 'ab', but i can no longer perform seek() operations  \nWhat i am looking for:\nI need an elegant way of re-packaging this chunk to the original file. I would like to know how other download managers do it.\nThank in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":542,"Q_Id":4379160,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You need to write chunks it different temporary files and then join them in the original order. If you open one file for all the threads, you should make the access to it sequential to preserve to correct order of data, which discards thread usage since a thread should wait for the previous one. BTW, you should open files in wb mode.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2,connection,chunks","A_Id":4379274,"CreationDate":"2010-12-07T16:42:00.000","Title":"Download Manager: How to re-construct chunks fetched by multiple connections","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"so i am developing my own download manager for educational purpose. I have multiple connections\/threads downloading a file, each connection works on a particular range of the file. Now after they have all fetched their chunks, i dont exact  know how to i bring this chunks together to re-make the original file. \nWhat i did:\nFirst, i created a temporary file in 'wb' mode, and allowed each connections\/threads to dump their chunks. But everytime a connection does this, it overwrites previously saved chunks. I figured this was because i used the 'wb' file descriptor. I changed it to 'ab', but i can no longer perform seek() operations  \nWhat i am looking for:\nI need an elegant way of re-packaging this chunk to the original file. I would like to know how other download managers do it.\nThank in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":542,"Q_Id":4379160,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You were doing it just fine: seek() and write(). That should work!\nNow, if you want a cleaner structure, without so many threads moving their hands all over a file, you might want to consider having downloader threads and a disk-writing thread. This last one may just sleep until woken by one of the others, write some kb to disk, and go back to sleep.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2,connection,chunks","A_Id":4379227,"CreationDate":"2010-12-07T16:42:00.000","Title":"Download Manager: How to re-construct chunks fetched by multiple connections","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Would anyone happen to know what the maximum user ID is on Twitter? That is by now there are about 200mil users, so would the id's range from 1 - 200million? I am finding that in that range some of the id's are not used.\nI have a python script that is basically accessing the following url:\n\"\/1\/statuses\/user_timeline\/\" + str(user_id) + \".json?count=200\"\nThanks,","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3366,"Q_Id":4406448,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No one knows that.\nThere were discussions on that in relation of how many users twitter really has.\nThere were a lot of tests as well as probing of id ranges etc.\nThe results were that the ids were sequentially incrementing a long time, but then had regular gaps of about 10 between them, and sometimes also seemed to be complelety random.\nI don't know how accurately this information was collected, and the goal was something else, but I think you get the point.\nFrom a technical point of view I would expect nothing else in a network as big as twitter.\nI am pretty sure the IDs are sharded, which means they are assigned in special reagions or servers.\nSo that for example if your ID equals mudolo 17 I know I have to look on that very server.  Or in that very country. Or something.\nOr maby the server just have their own prefix or residue class for assigning ids when a new user signs up to avoid replication problems.\nIt is also in most cases uncommon, or \"not so cool\" to leak information as this.\nDon't ask me why, its just my esperience that comapnies want to show as least information to the outside as possible.\nThis includes not having an reproduceable transparanet id incremention system.\nIt is also vulnerable for some sort of harmful attacks, unwanted crawling, stuff like that.\nSo my point is.\nThere is no way of giving you a reliable answer. And it should not be necessary.\nYou should design your application do deal with eveyr possible situation.\nIf you want to know how big you should make your database field not to get any conflicts.\nI think integer should be fine for now. (even on 32 bit systems)\nBut always be prepared to upgrade.\nEspecially don't assume that it will stay numeric. Its just a unique string!","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,twitter,oauth","A_Id":4406528,"CreationDate":"2010-12-10T06:57:00.000","Title":"Max Twitter ID?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using a script to crawl and download favicons from websites. Some sites gave me 2-3 favicon images of various sizes (16x16, 32x32) etc..embedded in the same image. When I try to use this image it is not displaying properly as a favicon. Is there anything that I can do to make sure I download a proper image?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":269,"Q_Id":4409789,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"That's a feature of the ico file format. They're perfectly valid files, but you're going to need to process them with something that actually understands Windows Icon files.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,favicon,web-crawler","A_Id":4409872,"CreationDate":"2010-12-10T14:31:00.000","Title":"Having issues while downloading favicon using python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to select an element which has no children of a specific type, for example:\nall <li> elements who have no <table class=\"someclass\"> children, I'd like to select only the parent element, not the children that don't match table.\nOn a similar note, I'd like to match elements whose parents don't match X, for example:\nall <li> elements who are not descendents of <table class=\"someclass\">.\nI'm using python, and lxml's cssselect.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2018,"Q_Id":4412253,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't think CSS selectors have \"anything but\" selection, so you can't do it that way. Maybe you can do it with XPaths. which are more flexible, but even then you will get very complex and obtuse path expressions.\nI'd recommend that you simply get all <li> elements, go through each elemnts children, and skip it if one of the children is a table.\nThis will be easily understandable and maintainable, easy to implement, and unless your performance requirements are really extreme and you need to process tens of thousands of pages per second, it will be Fast Enough (tm).\nKeep it simple.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,css,css-selectors,lxml","A_Id":4413303,"CreationDate":"2010-12-10T18:52:00.000","Title":"CSS Selectors: select element where (parent|children) don't match X","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Python's BaseHTTPRequestHandler class to build a web server.  I want to add an endpoint for WebSockets.  This means that I need to read whatever is available from the handler's rfile, so that I can process messages one by one, as I'm receiving them (instead of having to read the while input).\nI tried using different combinations of 'read' (eg. with a big buffer, thinking that it'd return early with less data if less data was available; with no parameter, but then it just means to read until EOF) but couldn't get this to work.\nI can think of two solutions:\n\nTo call read(1): to read bytes one by one. I'd rather not do this, as I'm not sure what the buffering semantics are (eg. I wouldn't want a syscall per byte read).\nTo temporally make the file non-blocking, then attempt a read for a chunk of data, then make it blocking, then attempt a read for 1 byte.  This seems rather messy.  Another option I can think of is to just use non-blocking sockets, but this wouldn't seem to work so well with my current threaded framework.\n\nAny ideas of how to get read to return whatever data is available?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1273,"Q_Id":4414611,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"WebSockets aren't HTTP, so you can't really handle them with an HTTP request handler.\nHowever, using BaseHTTPRequestHandler with HTTP, you would normally be reading only the exact amount of data you expect (for instance, as specified in the Content-length header.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,blocking,websocket,httpserver","A_Id":15036544,"CreationDate":"2010-12-11T01:07:00.000","Title":"Python, BaseHTTPRequestHandler: how to read what's available on file from socket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was wondering how to go about finding a string you don't know what is, in a string. I am writing an IRC bot and i need this function. I want to be able to write:\n!greet Greg\nand then my bot is supposed to say \"Hi, Greg!\". So what comes after greet is variable. And if i wrote !greet Matthew it would say \"Hi, Matthew!\".\nIs this possible?\nThanks a lot.\nAndesay","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":361,"Q_Id":4422948,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"if \"Greg\" in greet:\n  doSomething(\"Hi Greg\")\nthe key is that strings take the in operator","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,irc","A_Id":4422957,"CreationDate":"2010-12-12T17:35:00.000","Title":"How to find x in a string in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How would you get all the HTML tags from a URL and print them?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":646,"Q_Id":4435882,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Fetch it (using mechanize, urllib or whatever else you want), parse what you get (using elementtree, BeautifulSoup, lxml or whatever else you want) and you have what you want.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,url,printing","A_Id":4435929,"CreationDate":"2010-12-14T04:31:00.000","Title":"How to get html tags from url?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Hi\nI would like to create a wxpython application with a window where I can create a network graph.  I have heard (never used) of graphviz and NetworkX, but it seems to me that they only creates graph given some input data.  I would like to do the opposite - i.e., create drag and drop nodes and links from a pallete menu.  The nodes and links should be right-clickable with context menu popups. Eg., I should be able to right click a node and click \"properties\" in context menu - where I can fill in ip address, number of ports, their mac addresses etc.  \nI believe graphviz will not allow me to do that.  Is there any good package to do this ?  Must be free \/ open-source.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":943,"Q_Id":4447658,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Take a look at the wx.lib.ogl package.  It has the basics of what you would need to build diagrams of shapes, labels, lines, arrows, etc. and you can allow the user to interact with them to move them around the window, etc.  It is not perfect, but people are using it for this type of thing quite a bit.\nAnother possibility for you might be wx.lib.floatcanvas.  They both have their strengths and weaknesses, so it really depends on which is the best fit for your needs.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"networking,graph,wxpython,pygraphviz","A_Id":4493216,"CreationDate":"2010-12-15T07:29:00.000","Title":"wxPython: Network Graph - clickable with context menu - Any pkgs?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my Python socket program, I sometimes need to interrupt it with Ctrl-C. When I do this, it does close the connection using socket.close().\nHowever, when I try to reopen it I have to wait what seems like a minute before I can connect again. How does one correctly close a socket? Or is this intended?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0153834017,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":244362,"Q_Id":4465959,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Do nothing just wait for a couple of minutes and it will get resolved. It happens due to the slow termination of some processes, and that's why it's not even showing in the running processes list.","Q_Score":127,"Tags":"python,sockets,connection,errno","A_Id":69953754,"CreationDate":"2010-12-16T22:24:00.000","Title":"Python [Errno 98] Address already in use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my Python socket program, I sometimes need to interrupt it with Ctrl-C. When I do this, it does close the connection using socket.close().\nHowever, when I try to reopen it I have to wait what seems like a minute before I can connect again. How does one correctly close a socket? Or is this intended?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":-0.0307595242,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":244362,"Q_Id":4465959,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"sudo pkill -9 python\ntry this command","Q_Score":127,"Tags":"python,sockets,connection,errno","A_Id":67721945,"CreationDate":"2010-12-16T22:24:00.000","Title":"Python [Errno 98] Address already in use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my Python socket program, I sometimes need to interrupt it with Ctrl-C. When I do this, it does close the connection using socket.close().\nHowever, when I try to reopen it I have to wait what seems like a minute before I can connect again. How does one correctly close a socket? Or is this intended?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":244362,"Q_Id":4465959,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had the same problem (Err98 Address already in use) on a Raspberry Pi running python for a EV charging manager for a Tesla Wall Connector. The software had previously been fine but it stopped interrogating the solar inverter one day and I spent days thinking it was something I'd done in python. Turns out the root cause was the Wifi modem assigning a new dynamic IP to the solar inverter as as result of introducing a new smart TV into my home. I changed the python code to reflect the new IP address that I found from the wifi modem and bingo, the issue was fixed.","Q_Score":127,"Tags":"python,sockets,connection,errno","A_Id":67780925,"CreationDate":"2010-12-16T22:24:00.000","Title":"Python [Errno 98] Address already in use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my Python socket program, I sometimes need to interrupt it with Ctrl-C. When I do this, it does close the connection using socket.close().\nHowever, when I try to reopen it I have to wait what seems like a minute before I can connect again. How does one correctly close a socket? Or is this intended?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0614608973,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":244362,"Q_Id":4465959,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"For Linux,\nps aux | grep python\nThis will show you the error. The process number (eg.35225) containing your python file is the error.\nNow,\nsudo kill -9 35225\nThis will kill the error process and your problem will be solved.","Q_Score":127,"Tags":"python,sockets,connection,errno","A_Id":69756864,"CreationDate":"2010-12-16T22:24:00.000","Title":"Python [Errno 98] Address already in use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my Python socket program, I sometimes need to interrupt it with Ctrl-C. When I do this, it does close the connection using socket.close().\nHowever, when I try to reopen it I have to wait what seems like a minute before I can connect again. How does one correctly close a socket? Or is this intended?","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":5,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":244362,"Q_Id":4465959,"Users Score":14,"Answer":"A simple solution that worked for me is to close the Terminal and restart it.","Q_Score":127,"Tags":"python,sockets,connection,errno","A_Id":51348141,"CreationDate":"2010-12-16T22:24:00.000","Title":"Python [Errno 98] Address already in use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm wondering if there's a clever pattern for request-scoping arbitrary information without resorting to either TLS or putting the information in the session.\nReally, this would be for contextual attributes that I'd like to not look up more than once in a request path, but which are tied to a request invocation and there's no good reason to let them thresh around in the session.\nSomething like a dict that's pinned to the request where I can shove things or lazy load them. I could write a wrapper for request and swap it out in a middleware, but I figured I'd check to see what best-practice might be here?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1377,"Q_Id":4466923,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Just assign the dictionary directly to the request. You can do that in middleware or in your view, as you like.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":4468901,"CreationDate":"2010-12-17T01:18:00.000","Title":"Best way to request-scope data in Django?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How would I look for all URLs on a web page and then save them to individual variables with urllib2 In Python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":97,"Q_Id":4475929,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could simply download the raw html with urllib2, then simply search through it. There might be easier ways but you could do this:\n1:Download the source code.\n2:Use strings library to split it into a list.\n3:Search the first 7 characters of each section-->\n4:If the first 7 characters are http:\/\/, write that to a variable. \nWhy do you need separate variables though? Wouldn't it be easier to save them all to a list, using list.append(URL_YOU_JUST_FOUND), every time you find another url?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4476298,"CreationDate":"2010-12-18T00:38:00.000","Title":"How would I look for all URLs on a web page and then save them to a individual variables with urllib2 In Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How would I look for all URLs on a web page and then save them to individual variables with urllib2 In Python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":97,"Q_Id":4475929,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You don't do it with urllib2 alone. What are you looking for is parsing urls in a web page.\nYou get your first page using urllib2, read its contents and then pass it through parser like Beautifulsoup or as the other poster explained, you can regex to search the contents of the page too.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4475970,"CreationDate":"2010-12-18T00:38:00.000","Title":"How would I look for all URLs on a web page and then save them to a individual variables with urllib2 In Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to empty a job queue on a Gearman server? I am using the python driver for Gearman, and the documentation does not have any information about emptying queues. I would imagine that this functionality should exist, possibly, with a direct connection to the Gearman server.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":11464,"Q_Id":4510903,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"As far as i have been able to tell from the docs and using gearman with PHP, the only way to clear the job queue is to restart to the gearmand job server. If you are using persistent job queues, you will also need to empty whatever you are using as the persistent storage, if this is DB storage, you will need to empty the appropriate tables of all the rows.\nstop gearmand --> empty table rows --> start gearmand\nHope this is clear enough.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,message-queue,gearman","A_Id":4745861,"CreationDate":"2010-12-22T15:50:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to empty a job queue on a Gearman server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"what is the right way to do it if the URL has some unicode chars in it, and is escaped in the client side using javascript ( escape(text) )? For example, if my url is: domain.com\/?text=%u05D0%u05D9%u05DA%20%u05DE%u05DE%u05D9%u05E8%u05D9%u05DD%20%u05D0%u05EA%20%u05D4%u05D8%u05E7%u05E1%u05D8%20%u05D4%u05D6%u05D4\nI tried:\ntext = urllib.unquote(request.GET.get('text'))\nbut I got the exact same string back (%u05D0%u05D9%u05DA%20%u05DE ... )","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1994,"Q_Id":4513083,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"eventually what I did is changed the client side from escape(text) to urlEncodeComponent(text)\nand then in the python side used:\nrequest.encoding = 'UTF-8' \ntext = unicode(request.GET.get('text', None))\nNot sure this is the best thing to do, but it works in English and Hebrew","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,unicode,escaping","A_Id":4513304,"CreationDate":"2010-12-22T19:47:00.000","Title":"How to convert unicode escape sequence URL to python unicode?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"is there a way to get the date of friendship creation for both my friends and followers in twitter?\nespecially for python-twitter....","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":316,"Q_Id":4517265,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Twitter doesn't preserve the date a friendship or follow is created, and it doesn't return it in  the API. Going forward you can query friends\/ids and followers\/id every day and record any new relationships with the current date in a database.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twitter,python-twitter","A_Id":4518740,"CreationDate":"2010-12-23T09:11:00.000","Title":"can i get date of friendship in twitter?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm PHP\/MySQL developper \nI studied python well as a desktop programming two years ago but I don't use it on the web how can I use python to build dynamic web sites and easily uploads these sites to any hosting providers","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":529,"Q_Id":4525562,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You cant' upload python files and use it on any webhosting.\nYou can use them if the host allows it.\nSome frameworks are Django or Pylons.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4525588,"CreationDate":"2010-12-24T09:58:00.000","Title":"how can I use python to build dynamic web sites?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm PHP\/MySQL developper \nI studied python well as a desktop programming two years ago but I don't use it on the web how can I use python to build dynamic web sites and easily uploads these sites to any hosting providers","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":529,"Q_Id":4525562,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"there are many web frameworks such as Django & web2py , you should check them out","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4525568,"CreationDate":"2010-12-24T09:58:00.000","Title":"how can I use python to build dynamic web sites?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm still trying to figure out WebSockets.\nI'm sending over data from the javascript client to the python server as JSON strings, but they arrive fragmented.\nHow can I make sure I've received the entire message before I start to parse it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":102,"Q_Id":4529042,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You need to read up on socket programming in general.\nReading some data from a websocket does not mean you've received everything the other side wanted to send.\nIdeally you'd prefix your messages with a header that contains the size of the payload. Then after you read the header (say, terminated with LF, or being a fix 4 bytes, etc) you can figure out exactly how many more bytes to read to get the full message. \nAnything you read after that becomes your next header. Etc.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,websocket","A_Id":4529059,"CreationDate":"2010-12-25T02:01:00.000","Title":"How do I make sure a message gets to its destination using WebSockets?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a GAE site that uses AJAX\/JSON for almost all its tasks including building the UI elements, all interactions and client-server requests. What is a good way to test it for highloads so that I could have some statistics about how much resources 1000 average users per some period of time would take. I think I can create some Python functions for this purpose. What can you advise? Thanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":193,"Q_Id":4529913,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can get a free linux micro instance from EC2 and then run ab (apache benchmark) with lots of requests.  You can change number of requests, concurrent requests and you can even launch multiple EC2 instances from different data centers.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,load-testing","A_Id":4536343,"CreationDate":"2010-12-25T09:37:00.000","Title":"How to test my GAE site for performance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am building a GAE site that uses AJAX\/JSON for almost all its tasks including building the UI elements, all interactions and client-server requests. What is a good way to test it for highloads so that I could have some statistics about how much resources 1000 average users per some period of time would take. I think I can create some Python functions for this purpose. What can you advise? Thanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":193,"Q_Id":4529913,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you have the budget for it, a professional load testing tool will save you a lot of time and produce more accurate results.  Some of those tools handle AJAX apps better than others. I will naturally recommend our product (Web Performance Load Tester) and one of our engineers will help you get it working with your site. You should, of course, evaluate other products to see what works best for your site. Load Impact and Browser Mob are online services that in many cases handle AJAX better than the more traditional tools (except ours!), but they also have downsides.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,load-testing","A_Id":4547737,"CreationDate":"2010-12-25T09:37:00.000","Title":"How to test my GAE site for performance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've checked so many articles, but can't find one for server to server email receiving. I want to write a program or some code just acts as an email receiver, not SMTP server or something else.\nLet's suppose I have a domain named example.com, and a gmail user user@gmail.com sends me an email to admin@example.com, or a yahoo user user@yahoo.com sends me an email to test@example.com. Now, what do I do to receive this email? I prefer to write this code in Python or Perl.\nRegards,\nDavid","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2845,"Q_Id":4530323,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"\"reveive\" is not a word. I'm really not sure if you mean \"receive\" or \"retrieve\". \nIf you mean \"receive\" then you probably do want an SMTP server, despite your claim. An SMTP server running on a computer is responsible for listening for network requests from other SMTP servers that wish to deliver mail to that computer.\nThe SMTP server then, typically, deposits the mail in a directory where it can be read by the recipient. They can usually be configured (often in combination with tools such as Procmail) to do stuff to incoming email (such as pass it to a program for manipulation along the way, this allows you to avoid having to write a full blown SMTP server in order to capture some emails).\nIf, on the other hand,  you mean \"retrieve\", then you are probably looking to find a library that will let your program act as an IMAP or POP client. These protocols are used to allow remote access to a mailbox.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,perl,email","A_Id":4530368,"CreationDate":"2010-12-25T12:58:00.000","Title":"How to receive an email on server? Better using Python or Perl","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to write a simple program that logs on to a site, does something and logs out. The problem is that the login form has three inputs: username, password and a recaptcha. I input all of them manually. The problem is I don't know how to display the captcha image or how to send the text.\nCan someone explain how to do it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":799,"Q_Id":4533879,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"It is unreasonable to except that someone will post a complete solution for your problem.\nHere are the steps, just start by trying to complete them, post questions if you get stuck.\nvery generally speaking:\n\nGet the content of the site (use the urllib2 to fetch the page)\nParse the recaptcha image link and download the image (BeautifulSoup for parsing the link, urllib2 again for downloading the image)\nprompt yourself with the image and input for the code (use Tkinter for example)\nsend login info & captcha( urllib2)\ndo stuff (urllib2 again)\n\nThere's probably some token that you also have to fetch that identifies your Captcha image. Use firebug to watch for the requests sent when submitting the Captcha.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4534157,"CreationDate":"2010-12-26T12:52:00.000","Title":"Handling reCaptcha forms?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to fetch data from a webpage using urllib2. The page is visible on the browser but through the script I keep getting HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden\nI also tried mimicking a browser request by changing the user-agent string but no success. \nAny ideas on this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":893,"Q_Id":4546086,"Users Score":0,"Answer":":) Am trying to get quotes from NSE too ! like pythonFoo says you need additional headers. Hower only Accept is sufficient. \nThe user-agent can say python ( stay true ! )","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2,fetch,http-status-code-403,httplib2","A_Id":4570621,"CreationDate":"2010-12-28T12:38:00.000","Title":"Python fetch data 403","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i got this error while running my function.   \n\"socket.error: [Errno 98] Address already in use\"  \nhow can i close the address already in use and start new connection with port in python?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2831,"Q_Id":4568040,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Stop the program or the service which is the port which you are trying to use. Alternatively, for whatever program which you are trying to write, use a PORT number which is a sufficiently high number (> 1024 for sure) and is unused.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":4568045,"CreationDate":"2010-12-31T04:17:00.000","Title":"python socket programming error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i got this error while running my function.   \n\"socket.error: [Errno 98] Address already in use\"  \nhow can i close the address already in use and start new connection with port in python?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2831,"Q_Id":4568040,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"These scenarios will raise error \"[Errno 98] Address already in use\" when you create a socket at certain port:\n\nThe port was't closed. When you created a socket, but forgot to close it, or annother program hold that.\nYou have close the socket(or kill the process), but the port stay at TIME_WAIT status in 2 MSL(about 2 minutes).\n\nTry \"netstat\" command to view port usage\nsuch as\n\nnetstat  -na\n\nor \n\nnetstat -na |grep 54321","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":4568824,"CreationDate":"2010-12-31T04:17:00.000","Title":"python socket programming error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to scrape about 100 websites that are very similar in the content that they provide.\nMy first doubt. Should be possible to write a generic script to scrape all the 100 websites or in scraping techniques is only possible to write scripts for particular websites. (Dumb question.). I think I should ask what possibility is easier. Write 100 different scripts for each website is hard.\nSecond question. My primary language is PHP, but after searching here on Stackoverflow I found that one of the most advanced scrapers is \"Beautiful Soup\" in Python. Should be possible to make calls in PHP to \"Beautiful Soup\" in Python? Or should be better to do all the script in Python?\nGive me some clues on how should I go.\nSorry for my weak english.\nBest Regards,","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4219,"Q_Id":4585490,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"We do something sort of like this with RSS feeds using Python -- we use ElementTree since RSS is usually guaranteed to be well-formed.  Beautiful Soup is probably better suited for parsing HTML.\nInsofar as dealing with 100 different sites, try to write an abstraction that works on most of them and transforms the page into a common data-structure you can work with.  Then override parts of the abstraction to handle individual sites which differ from the norm.\nScrapers are usually I\/O bound -- look into coroutine libraries like eventlet or gevent to exploit some I\/O parallelism and speed up the whole process.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,screen-scraping","A_Id":4586678,"CreationDate":"2011-01-03T14:59:00.000","Title":"Webscraping Techniques using PHP or Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to scrape about 100 websites that are very similar in the content that they provide.\nMy first doubt. Should be possible to write a generic script to scrape all the 100 websites or in scraping techniques is only possible to write scripts for particular websites. (Dumb question.). I think I should ask what possibility is easier. Write 100 different scripts for each website is hard.\nSecond question. My primary language is PHP, but after searching here on Stackoverflow I found that one of the most advanced scrapers is \"Beautiful Soup\" in Python. Should be possible to make calls in PHP to \"Beautiful Soup\" in Python? Or should be better to do all the script in Python?\nGive me some clues on how should I go.\nSorry for my weak english.\nBest Regards,","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4219,"Q_Id":4585490,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've done this a few ways.\n1: with grep, sed, and awk. This is about the same as 2: regex. These methods are very direct, but fail whenever the HTML structure of the site changes.\n3: PHP's XML\/HTML parser DomDocument. This is far more reliable than regex, but I found it annoying to work with (I hate the mixture of PHP arrays and objects). If you want to use PHP, PHPQuery is probably a good solution, as Thai suggested.\n4: Python and BeautifulSoup. I can't say enough good things about BeautifulSoup, and this is the method I recommend. I found my code feels cleaner in Python, and BeautifulSoup was very easy and efficient to work with. Good documentation, too.\nYou will have to specialize your script for each site. It depends on what sort of information you wish to extract. If it was something standard like body title, of course you wouldn't have to change anything, but it's likely the info you want is more specific?","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,screen-scraping","A_Id":4585784,"CreationDate":"2011-01-03T14:59:00.000","Title":"Webscraping Techniques using PHP or Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've an HTML document I'm trying to break into separate, smaller chunks. Say, take each < h3 > header and turn into its own separate file, using only the HTML encoded within that chunk (along with html, head, body, tags). \nI am using Python's Beautiful Soup which I am new to, but seems easy to use for easy tasks such as this (Any better suggestions like lxml or Mini-dom?). So:\n1) How do I go, 'parse all < h3 >s and turn each into a separate doc'? Anything from pointers to the right direction to code snippets to online documentation (found quite little for Soup) will be appreciated.\n2) Logically, finding the tag won't be enough - I need to physically 'cut it out' and put it in a separate file (and remove it from original). Perhaps parsing the text lines instead of nodes would be easier (albeit super-ugly, parsing raw text from a formed structure...?) \n3) Similarly related - suppose I want to delete a certain attribute from all tags of a type (like, delete the alignment attribute of all images). This seems easy but I've failed - any help will be appreciated! \nThanks for any help!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":214,"Q_Id":4588345,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Yes, you use BeautifulSoup or lxml. Both have methods to find the nodes you want to extract. You can then also recreate HTML from the node objects, and hence save that HTML to new files.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,beautifulsoup","A_Id":4588436,"CreationDate":"2011-01-03T21:03:00.000","Title":"How can\/should I break an html document into parts using Python? (Techno- and logically)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python program sitting in server side managing user location informations, each friend has a pair of (longtitude, latitude), given a (longtitude, latitude) point, how I can find the nearby(say within 5KM) friends efficiently?\nI have 10K users online...\nThanks.\nBin","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2000,"Q_Id":4622988,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Make a dict {graticule: [users]} (a \"graticule\" is a block of 1 degree latitude x 1 degree longitude; so you can basically just round the values). To find nearby users, first get users from the same and adjacent graticules (since the target could be near an edge), then filter them with a basic bounding-box test (i.e. what are the minimum longitude\/latitude that are possible for someone within the desired radius), then do a detailed test (if you need accuracy then you are in for some more complex math than just Pythagoras).","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,algorithm","A_Id":4623782,"CreationDate":"2011-01-07T06:18:00.000","Title":"algorithm to find the nearby friends?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying access a REST API.\nI can get it working in Curl\/REST Client (the UI tool), with preemptive authentication enabled.\nBut, using urllib2, it doesn't seem to support this by default and I can't find a way to turn it on.\nThanks :)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2937,"Q_Id":4628610,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Depending on what kind of authentication is required, you can send the Authorization headers manually by adding them to your request before you send out a body.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,urllib2","A_Id":4629038,"CreationDate":"2011-01-07T17:52:00.000","Title":"does urllib2 support preemptive authentication authentication?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to send a MIME message as it is, without adding any headers? For example, if I have a correct MIME message with all headers and content saved to a text file, is it possible to use the contents of this file without modification and send it via SMTP?\nApparently both python's SMTP.sendmail and PHP smtp::mail require at least \"To:\" and \"From:\", and passing the complete message to these functions doesn't seem to work.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":161,"Q_Id":4634171,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could read up to the first blank line, use those as additional headers, then send the rest in the body.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,email","A_Id":4634184,"CreationDate":"2011-01-08T13:52:00.000","Title":"Sending a MIME email prepared beforehand (in PHP or Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What I'm asking may sound strange, but I really need it..\nWhat I need is a url that I can setup (like a free server with php support, but something reliable) and call that url from python with the arguments I need and it would write the values to a file.\nI don't know if what I really need is a server with php (I hope not).\nIs there anyway of doing it with google docs? are there any other services you guys came across that where any good?\nPs. I need this for a program that shows the user some thumbnails and lets the user tell what kind of pic it is ( it's done by clicking a button wich I hope will call the URL I'm asking for with the arguments)\nClear enough?\nPs. Not like captcha. I just need to call for example http:\/aaa.a\/file.xxx?id=1&tag=funny\nSo that I present my user with the images, and as they click to choose the apropriate tag, that url writes it to file (a file I can later have acces to)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":250,"Q_Id":4649343,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You need a script that you can execute on the server. This can be written in any language you want. Python works fine. Unless loads of people call the URL at once you can use CGI (it's a bit slow when using Python).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,url","A_Id":4650080,"CreationDate":"2011-01-10T17:03:00.000","Title":"Call a url that writes to a file on a server (free)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using python GData to work with Google Calendar. I'm making really simple requests (e.g. create event), using OAuth authorization. \nUsually this works OK, but sometimes I'm receiving lots of 302 redirects, that leads to \"Maximum redirects count reached\" exception. \nIf I re-try same request, it's usually works correct. \nI can't figure out, why is this happening, looks like it's a random event. \nAs a walkthrough I wrote a code which retries requests few times, if there is such error, but may be there is an explanation of this behavior or even solutions to evade it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":76,"Q_Id":4657001,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Answer from Google support forum:\n\nThis might happen due to some issues in the Calendar servers and is not an error on your part. The best way to \"resolve\" this issue is to retry again.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,gdata-api,google-data-api,gdata-python-client","A_Id":4792423,"CreationDate":"2011-01-11T11:14:00.000","Title":"Python GData lib causes too much redirects","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Python 2.6 and Windows Server 2008.\nThe server has two IP addresses 1 internal, 1 external.\n\nI need Python to use the external IP address, but while doing so I get this:\n\nsocket.error: [Error 10049] The requested address is not valid in its context\n\n\nTo be more precise I'm using Django's runserver command for who is familiar with it\n\nEdit:\nipconfig only brings up the internal IP address, while all services I have running are using the external IP without any problems!\n\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":25060,"Q_Id":4657347,"Users Score":17,"Answer":"That's an error Windows gives when you're trying to bind to an address on the local machine that's not assigned to any of the adapters on the machine. If ipconfig doesn't show it, you can't bind to it. \nIf the external address is on a router that is NAT'ing requests from it to the server's internal address, you can't bind to it because it's on a different machine. This is probably the case. You might want to bind to socket.INADDR_ANY (or its Django equivalent). This will bind to all addresses that are on the machine right now.\nAlso note that if the external address is NAT'ed to your internal one, binding to the internal one should be enough.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,windows,django,networking,windows-server-2008","A_Id":4657548,"CreationDate":"2011-01-11T11:57:00.000","Title":"Socket error \"IP address not valid in its context\" - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am interested to make a chatbot. My script is currently working fine with imified.com bot. however imified is down almost everday. so i am looking for my own solution. \nduring my findings, I have found (through this site) openfire and I have configured it and it is working fine even with gmails users. \nbut i am still not getting what I need. \nI need to request a URL (with the chat scripts and some other user data something like imified provides) when each gmail or other external users send me a message. let me explain. \nmy openfire is hosted and working for mybot.com and my id is: autobot@mybot.com. \nnow a gmail user say client@gmail.com added me in his gtalk\/piding and we can communicate each other. he can send me message and I can reply. \nbut I need a robot instead of me. when client@gmail.com (and any other user) sends me a message, I need to request a URL so that i can dynamically generate response based on the message he\/she sent. \nin which way I should go for achieving this? Is there any way to customize openfire to do so? \nor should I make a php\/python (i need to learn python though) script that will listen to xmpp ports and generate responses? if so, any helpful scripts that may guide me? \nbunch of thanks for reading it and thanks in advance for providing any response.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2089,"Q_Id":4657611,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The OpenFire understand XMPP, what you need is XMPP library\/API (like XMPP4R if you are Rubyist). Using it your app will login to OpenFire (by sending gmail\/yahoo credentials) and others will see you as online. But when they will reply to you, you will be notified in your application. Where you can receive the message, process it, and send response (by writing a required program\/logic).\nWe have done it in our SMS Chat application with Gmail\/Yahoo messenger friends\/contacts.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,php,python,xmpp","A_Id":8296818,"CreationDate":"2011-01-11T12:29:00.000","Title":"XMPP, openfire and bot issue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Given a news article webpage (from any major news source such as times or bloomberg), I want to  identify the main article content on that page and throw out the other misc elements such as ads, menus, sidebars, user comments. \nWhat's a generic way of doing this that will work on most major news sites?  \nWhat are some good tools or libraries for data mining? (preferably python based)","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":24718,"Q_Id":4672060,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"There's no way to do this that's guaranteed to work, but one strategy you might use is to try to find the element with the most visible text inside of it.","Q_Score":59,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,html-parsing,webpage","A_Id":4672098,"CreationDate":"2011-01-12T17:46:00.000","Title":"Web scraping - how to identify main content on a webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Given a news article webpage (from any major news source such as times or bloomberg), I want to  identify the main article content on that page and throw out the other misc elements such as ads, menus, sidebars, user comments. \nWhat's a generic way of doing this that will work on most major news sites?  \nWhat are some good tools or libraries for data mining? (preferably python based)","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24718,"Q_Id":4672060,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"It might be more useful to extract the RSS feeds (<link type=\"application\/rss+xml\" href=\"...\"\/>) on that page and parse the data in the feed to get the main content.","Q_Score":59,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,html-parsing,webpage","A_Id":4672151,"CreationDate":"2011-01-12T17:46:00.000","Title":"Web scraping - how to identify main content on a webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How do I setup a server so I can get emails and parse them in python?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":194,"Q_Id":4672697,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There's a bunch of services on the web that will make it easier for you to send and receive e-mails using their API. This would relieve you from the pain of setting up, running and administrering your own e-mail service.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":12867404,"CreationDate":"2011-01-12T18:48:00.000","Title":"How to setup parsing emails?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to do the following with Python:\n\nComputer 1 starts SSH server (probably using twisted or paramiko)\nComputer 1 connects to Server 1 (idle connection)\nComputer 2 connects to Server 1\nServer 1 forwards Computer 2's connection to Computer 1 (connection no longer idle)\nComputer 1 forwards Server 1's connection to listening SSH port (on computer 1)\n\nResult being Computer 2 now has a SSH session with Computer 1, almost as if Computer 2 had started a normal SSH session (but with Server 1's IP instead of Computer 1's)\nI need this because I can't port forward on Computer 1's network (the router doesn't support it).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":660,"Q_Id":4686104,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'd use ssh to create a remote tunnel (-R) from the server to the local system. If you're insistent on doing this with Python then there's the subprocess module.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,ssh,portforwarding","A_Id":4686141,"CreationDate":"2011-01-13T22:33:00.000","Title":"Establish SSH Connection Between Two Isolated Machines Using a 3rd System","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a python script checking\/monitoring several server\/websites status(response time and similar stuff), it's a GUI program and I use separate thread to check different server\/website, and the basic structure of each thread is using an infinite while loop to request that site every random time period(15 to 30 seconds), once there's changes in website\/server each thread will start a new thread to do a thorough check(requesting more pages and similar stuff). \nThe problem is, my internet connection always got blocked\/jammed\/messed up after several hours running of this script, the situation is, from my script side I got urlopen error timed out each time it's requesting a page, and from my FireFox browser side I cannot open any site. But the weird thing is, the moment I close my script my Internet connection got back on immediately which means now I can surf any site through my browser, so it must be the script causing all the problem. \nI've checked the program carefully and even use del to delete any connection once it's used, still get the same problem. I only use urllib2, urllib, mechanize to do network requests. \nAnybody knows why such thing happens? How do I debug this problem? Is there a tool or something to check my network status once such situation occurs? It's really bugging me for a while...\nBy the way I'm behind a VPN, does it have something to do with this problem? Although I don't think so because my network always get back on once the script closed, and the VPN connection never drops(as it appears) during the whole process. \n[Updates:]\nJust found more info about this problem, when my program brings down the internet connection, well, it's not totally \"down\", I mean, I cannot open any site in my browser or always get urlopen error timed out, but I still can get reply using \"ping google.com\" in cmd line. And when I manually dropped the VPN connection then redial, without closing my program it starts to work again and also I can surf the net through my browser. Why this happening?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":643,"Q_Id":4690890,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could possibly be creating more threads than you expect - monitor the result of threading.active_count() to test this.\nIf possible try to rule out the VPN at your end (or post the relevant guts of the code so we can test it).\n(Nettiquete) If you're not doing so already, only use network.http.max-connections-per-server threads per monitored site\/host.\n(For reference) urlopen returns a file-like object - use .close() or del on this object or the socket will be sat in a CLOSE_WAIT state until a timeout.\n\nHopefully these points are, well, pointers.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,multithreading,network-programming,urllib2,mechanize","A_Id":4691668,"CreationDate":"2011-01-14T12:10:00.000","Title":"My python program always brings down my internet connection after several hours running, how do I debug and fix this problem?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am designing a website for a local server on our lan, so that anyone who tires to access that IP from a browser sees a web page and when he clicks on some link on that web page then a directory or some folder from that server should open.\nI am using python for this purpose and the server is just like another PC with windows installed.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":261,"Q_Id":4693740,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you just want to redirect the user to your file server, then it sort of depends on what operating system they're using.  If everybody's going to be on Windows, then you should be able to include a link to \"\/\/Your-Fileserver-Name\/Path1\/Path2\".  Obviously you have to share the appropriate files on your server using Windows file-sharing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":4693820,"CreationDate":"2011-01-14T17:03:00.000","Title":"How to open a directory\/folder on a machine on LAN using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"It's a GUI program I wrote in python checking website\/server status running on my XP SP3, multi threads are used to check different site\/server. After several hours running, the program starts to get urlopen error timed out all the time, and this always happens right after a POST request from a server(not a certain one, might be A or B or C), and it's also not the first POST request causing the problem, normally after several hours running and it happens to make a POST request at an unknown moment, all you get from then on is urlopen error timed out.\nI'm still able to ping but cannot browse any site, once the program closed everything's fine. It's definitely the program causing this problem, well I just don't know how to debug\/check what the problem is, also don't know if it's from OS side or my program wasting too many resources\/connections(are you still able to ping when too many connections used?), would anybody please help me out?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":204,"Q_Id":4697623,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Are you sure you are closing TCP sessions after each request? Try to check netstat information from time to time and if you'll see that the number of active\/established sessions is rising it means that you have some problems in your script.\nYes, usually you can ping even if you are out of free TCP sockets.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,network-programming,urllib2,python-multithreading","A_Id":4697664,"CreationDate":"2011-01-15T01:55:00.000","Title":"Able to ping but cannot browse after several hours running of my python program","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How do you utilize proxy support with the python web-scraping framework Scrapy?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":69413,"Q_Id":4710483,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"that would be:\n\nexport http_proxy=http:\/\/user:password@proxy:port","Q_Score":50,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":14401562,"CreationDate":"2011-01-17T06:17:00.000","Title":"Scrapy and proxies","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to get python to read modules from a network? \nWe have many machines and it would be a too much effort to update each machine manually each time I change a module so I want python to get the modules from a location on the network.\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10613,"Q_Id":4710588,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"How I ended up doing this:\nControl Panel\\All Control Panel Items\\System >> Advanced >> Environment Variables >> System Variables >> New >> Name = PYTHONPATH, value = \\server\\scriptFolder\nThanks everyone for all the help :)","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,networking,module,import,centralized","A_Id":4734071,"CreationDate":"2011-01-17T06:37:00.000","Title":"Importing module from network","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to get python to read modules from a network? \nWe have many machines and it would be a too much effort to update each machine manually each time I change a module so I want python to get the modules from a location on the network.\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":10613,"Q_Id":4710588,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Mount your network location into your file-system and add that path to your PYTHONPATH. That way, Python on your local machine will be able to see the modules which are present in the remote location.\nYou cannot directly import from modules remotely, like specifying a js file in html.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,networking,module,import,centralized","A_Id":4710633,"CreationDate":"2011-01-17T06:37:00.000","Title":"Importing module from network","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am coding a HTML scraper which gets values from a table on a website. I also need to grab the URL of an image, but the problem is this image is dynamically generated via javascript - and when i get contents of the website via urllib, the Javascript does not run or show in the resulting HTML.\nIs there any way to enable Javascript to run on pages which are accessed via urllib?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5105,"Q_Id":4720342,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No, you'd need some sort of JS interpreter for that. There might be Python-Browser integrations to help parsing this kind of page.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"javascript,python,urllib2","A_Id":4721276,"CreationDate":"2011-01-18T03:55:00.000","Title":"Python: Processing Javascript with urllib2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have been searching for an xml serialization library that can serialize and deserialize an (Java\/Python) object into xml and back. I am using XStream right now for Java. If XStream had a python version to deserialize from xml generated by Xstream that would have done it for me. Thrift or such other libraries is not going to work unless they allow the data format to be xml. I am looking for suggestion for any library that can do it. - Thanks","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1140,"Q_Id":4730082,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Since Java and Python objects are so different in themselves, it's almost impossible to do this, unless you on both sides restrict the types allowed and such things.\nAnd in that case, I'd recommend you use JSON, which is a nice interoperability format, even though it's not XML.\nOtherwise you could easily write a library that takes XStream XML and loads it into Python objects, but it will always be limited to whatever is similar between Java and Python.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,xml,serialization","A_Id":4730212,"CreationDate":"2011-01-18T23:06:00.000","Title":"XML serialization library interoperability between Java and Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to create a very simple script that uses python's xmpppy to send a message over facebook chat.\n\nimport xmpp\nFACEBOOK_ID = \"username@chat.facebook.com\"\nPASS = \"password\"\nSERVER = \"chat.facebook.com\"\njid=xmpp.protocol.JID(FACEBOOK_ID)\nC=xmpp.Client(jid.getDomain(),debug=[])\nif not C.connect((SERVER,5222)):\n    raise IOError('Can not connect to server.')\nif not C.auth(jid.getNode(),PASS):\n    raise IOError('Can not auth with server.')\nC.send(xmpp.protocol.Message(\"friend@chat.facebook.com\",\"Hello world\",))\n\nThis code works to send a message via gchat, however when I try with facebook I recieve this error:\nAn error occurred while looking up _xmpp-client._tcp.chat.facebook.com\nWhen I remove @chat.facebook.com from the FACEBOOK_ID I get this instead:\n\nFile \"gtalktest.py\", line 11, in \n    if not C.connect((SERVER,5222)):\n  File \"\/home\/john\/xmpppy-0.3.1\/xmpp\/client.py\", line 195, in connect\n    if not CommonClient.connect(self,server,proxy,secure,use_srv) or secureNone and not secure: return self.connected\n  File \"\/home\/john\/xmpppy-0.3.1\/xmpp\/client.py\", line 179, in connect\n    if not self.Process(1): return\n  File \"\/home\/john\/xmpppy-0.3.1\/xmpp\/dispatcher.py\", line 302, in dispatch\n    handler['func'](session,stanza)\n  File \"\/home\/john\/xmpppy-0.3.1\/xmpp\/dispatcher.py\", line 214, in streamErrorHandler\n    raise exc((name,text))\nxmpp.protocol.HostUnknown: (u'host-unknown', '')\n\nI also notice any time I import xmpp I get the following two messages when running:\n\n\/home\/john\/xmpppy-0.3.1\/xmpp\/auth.py:24: DeprecationWarning: the sha module is deprecated; use the hashlib module instead\n  import sha,base64,random,dispatcher\n\/home\/john\/xmpppy-0.3.1\/xmpp\/auth.py:26: DeprecationWarning: the md5 module is deprecated; use hashlib instead\n  import md5\n\nI'm fairly new to solving these kinds of problems, and advise, or links to resources that could help me move forward in solve these issues would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for reading!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2814,"Q_Id":4732230,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I also started the same project, and was trapped into same problem. I found the solution too. You have to write the UserName of facebook (Hence You must opt one Username) and that too in small Caps. This is the most important part. Most probably you too like me would not be writing it in small Caps.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,facebook,chat,xmpppy","A_Id":5268496,"CreationDate":"2011-01-19T06:03:00.000","Title":"xmpppy and Facebook Chat Integration","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a public private key solution that I can use with a javascript client and python backend. The aim is to send data encrypted from the client to the server... Are the any solutions? Thanks for hints.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":401,"Q_Id":4737721,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use SSL for your connections to the server. Probably the easiest way to do that is to use HTTP for communication and also to run a proxy (say, Apache) on the server that can do HTTPS and forwards requests to the actual server application.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,encryption,pgp","A_Id":4738545,"CreationDate":"2011-01-19T16:17:00.000","Title":"public private key solution for javascript and python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have five httpd.conf files which differ only in the port number that they are listening on. All of the other data between the sites is the same. Is there any way to track this as a single file in Mercurial? So that if I make a different change to the httpd.conf file, I could push this to all five, and keep the port numbers separate.\nThanks,\nKevin","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":67,"Q_Id":4752695,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think you can; that's not a common thing to do in a VCS.  If I'm wrong, I'm happy to be corrected.\nPerhaps you can make the \"master\" httpd.conf file a template, and have a build script that generates the five files you want, passing in the appropriate port number for each file.  That way you isolate the change points in your file, and keep the common bits, well, common.  There are reams of templateing languages out there.  Or you can simply use sed.  Or do as nmichaels suggested and use Apache's capabilities directly.\nThere are lots of ways to skin this particular cat, but I don't think Mercurial is going to help you directly.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,apache,mercurial,dvcs","A_Id":4752795,"CreationDate":"2011-01-20T21:18:00.000","Title":"Track small differences in 5 files with Mercurial?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am currently writing a non-web program using mostly python and have gotten to the point where I need to create a structure for save and settings files. \nI decided to use xml over creating my own format but have come into a bit of a barrier when trying to figure out what to use to actually process the xml. I want to know if I can get some of the pros and cons about packages that are available for python since there are a lot and I'm not entirely sure which ones seem best from just looking at the documentation. \nI basically want to know if there is a package or library that will let me write and read data from an xml file with relative ease by just knowing what the tag name I'm looking for is.\nP.S. My app is mostly geared to be used on Linux if it makes any difference.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":124,"Q_Id":4789397,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If your data is only for the use of your Python programs, pickle might be an easier solution.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":4789451,"CreationDate":"2011-01-25T02:23:00.000","Title":"xml processing options in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"On Linux, urllib.urlopen(\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fql.php?query=SELECT first_name FROM user\") will have the spaces automatically quoted and run smoothly.\n(By the way, the URL is fictional)\nHowever on mac, this is not the case. Somehow the URL is not escaped, and an error would be thrown. I have checked both python versions to be at least 2.6 and the version of urllib to be 1.17\nIs this a bug?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":68,"Q_Id":4796720,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"urlopen documentation doesn't promise you to escape anything.  Use urllib.quote() to escape it yourself.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":4796814,"CreationDate":"2011-01-25T17:21:00.000","Title":"Urllib trouble across platforms","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im trying to send multiple data items over a tcp socket from an android client to a python server. The user on the client side can make multiple choices so im using a number sent as a character to differentiate between request types. I have to send the choice and specific data depending on the choice.For the current selection (choice no 1 in this case) I need the choice and 2 string fields and an image. I have the image transfer working on its own and the choice working on its own. The problem I am having now is that the buffer reading in the choice is also reading in the byte stream of the image straight after it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":121,"Q_Id":4820021,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"TCP will combine your writes into one packet if they are written before the packet is sent, meaning the information will be received concatenated.\nA common solution would be to incorporate an 'opcode' before your data.\nFor example, prefix CHOICE before sending your integer. When you read CHOICE in your python script, you know you are receiving an integer and thus read just that much data.\nBefore you send your image, prefix it with IMG and the number of bytes to read.  This way you can read just as many bytes as needed, then look for the next opcode.\nYour packet should then look like this:CHOICE1IMG<number of bytes><image bytestream>\nObviously your opcode can be whatever you want, this is just an example.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,android,sockets","A_Id":4820327,"CreationDate":"2011-01-27T17:58:00.000","Title":"distinguishable socket input","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hello\nI'm have a task - create script, what will walk in internet and change proxy from list.\nI'm see in module urllib2: ProxyHandler and HTTPPasswordMgr, but manual is poor.\n1. In documentation ProxyHandler get dict with many proxy-server, how to I'm can select from list and use for url_open?\n2. HTTPPasswordMgr have method add_password, but for what it? How to it will select auth-data for proxy, for what it have: realm?\n3. How to right use multiple proxy in urllib2? I'm think only create a list with all my proxy and create new 'opener' for each request.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1084,"Q_Id":4822860,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"ProxyHandler can use a different proxy for different protocols (HTTP, etc.) but I don't think it will help you.  You should be able to write your own class for your needs without much difficulty.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy,urllib2","A_Id":4823009,"CreationDate":"2011-01-27T22:48:00.000","Title":"How to use multiple proxy in urllib2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Let's say I want to connect an app I created to a website (SSL) to get values from the content at a certain page.\nHow can I do it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1531,"Q_Id":4828238,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"httplib2 if you wanna make https call. Check out the doc for more info.\n--Sai","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4828260,"CreationDate":"2011-01-28T12:32:00.000","Title":"Connect to a website using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Right now I'm using a proxy where I can see the headers that are sent. I'm wondering if there's a simpler pycurl method of grabbing the headers that were sent in an http request. Ive tried using HEADERFUNCTION already but it gives you the response headers and not the ones i'm looking for.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":230,"Q_Id":4839670,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"libcurl itself provides this data in the DEBUGFUNCTION callback, so if there's no current support for that in pycurl I figure it should be added and it shouldn't be too hard to do it...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,curl,http-headers,pycurl","A_Id":4860930,"CreationDate":"2011-01-29T21:49:00.000","Title":"is there an easy way of fetching the sent headers of an http request for pycurl\/curl?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Right now I'm using a proxy where I can see the headers that are sent. I'm wondering if there's a simpler pycurl method of grabbing the headers that were sent in an http request. Ive tried using HEADERFUNCTION already but it gives you the response headers and not the ones i'm looking for.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":230,"Q_Id":4839670,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is indeed support for the debugfunction callback. Alternatively, if you just need the data for debugging purposes, set the verbose option to 1 on your Curl instance and the data will be sent to stdout.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,curl,http-headers,pycurl","A_Id":4903643,"CreationDate":"2011-01-29T21:49:00.000","Title":"is there an easy way of fetching the sent headers of an http request for pycurl\/curl?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have one design decision to make. \nIn my web(ajax) application we need to decide where should we put user interface logic ? \nShould It be completely loaded via javascript ( pure single page ) . and Only data comes and go.  \nor \nShould server send some format (XML) which translated via javascript to dynamically create rich user interface. ( semi-ajax ). so some data and ui comes and go. \nWhich option is better ? ( speed, ease of development, platform independence ) \nThanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":993,"Q_Id":4842449,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The biggest influence is whether you are concerned about initial page load time. If you don't mind having all the UI there at page load, your app can be more responsive by just shuttling data instead of UI. If you want faster load and don't mind larger AJAX requests, sending some UI markup isn't bad. If you have the server power to pre-render UI with data and send the fully-ready marked-up data to the user, their browser will perform more quickly, and initial page-load should be fast.\nWhich course you choose should depend on the task at hand. Not all requests need be handled the same way.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ajax,web-applications,user-interface,pyjamas","A_Id":4842562,"CreationDate":"2011-01-30T10:44:00.000","Title":"rich web client vs thin web client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have one design decision to make. \nIn my web(ajax) application we need to decide where should we put user interface logic ? \nShould It be completely loaded via javascript ( pure single page ) . and Only data comes and go.  \nor \nShould server send some format (XML) which translated via javascript to dynamically create rich user interface. ( semi-ajax ). so some data and ui comes and go. \nWhich option is better ? ( speed, ease of development, platform independence ) \nThanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":993,"Q_Id":4842449,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I faced similar dilemma few months back. As Lennart (above) says it makes sense to go for pyjamas or similar library if your app is more desktopish.\nFurther one of the biggest advantage of pyjamas provide is logically well separated backend and frontend code. IMO that is very important. \nIf your app is not like a desktop app (like ours was), then multipage offers more advantages, such as single change wont breaks entire app, easier to maintain etc. You might want to consider can have your app server serve json and other web server serves static content and js. Js would request json app server for data. That way we managed to keep out frontend and backend separate. Further we chose mootools as js lib over pyjamas. Ofcourse it is upto your taste and need of application. We did use python template server side templates but at compile time not at runtime like usual approach. This needed to change our thinking a little but the offered many advantages. \nI end up telling you my story but I thought it's relevant and hope that helps.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ajax,web-applications,user-interface,pyjamas","A_Id":4844422,"CreationDate":"2011-01-30T10:44:00.000","Title":"rich web client vs thin web client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have one design decision to make. \nIn my web(ajax) application we need to decide where should we put user interface logic ? \nShould It be completely loaded via javascript ( pure single page ) . and Only data comes and go.  \nor \nShould server send some format (XML) which translated via javascript to dynamically create rich user interface. ( semi-ajax ). so some data and ui comes and go. \nWhich option is better ? ( speed, ease of development, platform independence ) \nThanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":993,"Q_Id":4842449,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Which option is better ? ( speed, ease of development, platform independence )\n\nPlatform independence, if you mean cross-browser compatibility, is a HUGE reason to use pyjamas because the python code includes a sane override infrastructure which handles everything for you. No more JS compatibility classes.\nAnyway Pyjamas is all about loading the client app and then using json-rpc for the data only. That's because it's faster (once the app loaded up), easier to separate server and client, easier to maintain since all the UI code is in widgets in one place.\nI've seen stuff like DokuWiki which use a php script to serve up javascript and my first thought was \"WHY?\" but it works pretty well I guess. It probably makes sense if you mostly have static pages with the occasional bit of JS for decoration.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ajax,web-applications,user-interface,pyjamas","A_Id":4886016,"CreationDate":"2011-01-30T10:44:00.000","Title":"rich web client vs thin web client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So, I have a list of a bunch of city and state\/region combinations (where some cities do not have a paired state\/region) and I'd like to use these to fill in country, continent, (and state\/region where it's not supplied) information. Where multiple regions would fit, I'm willing to accept any of them, though the biggest one would be best. What's the simplest library for Python that will let me do this?\nAn example: given \"Istanbul,\" I'd want something like:\n{istanbul, istanbul province, turkey, europe}","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":11246,"Q_Id":4844811,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You don't need any library for this at all, really. What you do need is a list of geographic locations. If you don't have that there are geolocation services online you can use, that will do these things for you, accessible via http (and hence urllib). You might need a library to interpret the response, that could be XML, for example.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4844899,"CreationDate":"2011-01-30T18:59:00.000","Title":"How Can I Determine a Region, Country, and Continent Based on a City Using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have recently started to work with Scrapy. I am trying to gather some info from a large list which is divided into several pages(about 50). I can easily extract what I want from the first page including the first page in the start_urls list. However I don't want to add all the links to these 50 pages to this list. I need a more dynamic way. Does anyone know how I can iteratively scrape web pages? Does anyone have any examples of this? \nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1171,"Q_Id":4876799,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Why don't you want to add all the links to 50 pages? Are the URLs of the pages consecutive like www.site.com\/page=1, www.site.com\/page=2 or are they all distinct? Can you show me the code that you have now?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":4889635,"CreationDate":"2011-02-02T16:08:00.000","Title":"Recursive use of Scrapy to scrape webpages from a website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have recently started to work with Scrapy. I am trying to gather some info from a large list which is divided into several pages(about 50). I can easily extract what I want from the first page including the first page in the start_urls list. However I don't want to add all the links to these 50 pages to this list. I need a more dynamic way. Does anyone know how I can iteratively scrape web pages? Does anyone have any examples of this? \nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1171,"Q_Id":4876799,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"use urllib2 to download a page. Then use either re (regular expressions) or BeautifulSoup (an HTML parser) to find the link to the next page you need. Download that with urllib2. Rinse and repeat.\nScapy is great, but you dont need it to do what you're trying to do","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":4940212,"CreationDate":"2011-02-02T16:08:00.000","Title":"Recursive use of Scrapy to scrape webpages from a website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a wmv file at a particular url that I want to grab and save as a file using Python. My script uses urllib2 to authenticate and read the bytes and save them locally in chunks. However, once I open the file, no video player recognizes it. When I download the wmv manually from a browser, the file plays fine, but oddly enough ends up being about 500kb smaller than the file I end up with using Python. What's going on? Is there header information I need to somehow exclude?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":316,"Q_Id":4883101,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"From what I understand, urllib works at the HTTP level and should properly remove headers in subsequent chunks. I took a look at the data returned by read() and it's all bytes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urllib,python-2.6,wmv","A_Id":4888107,"CreationDate":"2011-02-03T06:29:00.000","Title":"Downloading wmv from a url in Python 2.6","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a wmv file at a particular url that I want to grab and save as a file using Python. My script uses urllib2 to authenticate and read the bytes and save them locally in chunks. However, once I open the file, no video player recognizes it. When I download the wmv manually from a browser, the file plays fine, but oddly enough ends up being about 500kb smaller than the file I end up with using Python. What's going on? Is there header information I need to somehow exclude?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":316,"Q_Id":4883101,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I was writing my file with mode 'w' on a Windows machine. Writing binary data should be done with mode 'wb' or the EOLs will be incorrect.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urllib,python-2.6,wmv","A_Id":4900216,"CreationDate":"2011-02-03T06:29:00.000","Title":"Downloading wmv from a url in Python 2.6","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In another question I asked for \"the best\" language for a certain purpose. Realizing this goal was a bit too much to start, I simplified my idea :) But there were really useful language hints. So I decided on Scala for the desktop-app and consider between Perl and Python on the webserver.\nI want to program something like an asynchronous chat (little bit like an email). So you start your program pick your name and add a friend with his unique id. Then you can write him a simple message and when your friends start up his pc, launches the \"chat.exe\" he receives the mail (internet is required) and is able to answer. No special functions, smiley's or text formatting, just simple for learning purpose.\nMy concept is: Use Scala for the \"chat.exe\" (Or is just a \"chat.jar\" possible?) which communicates via SOCKET with a Perl\/Python Framework which handles the requests.\nSo you type \"Hello there\" and click on send. This message is transfered via SOCKET to a Perl\/Python script which reads the request an put this message in a MySQL database. On the otherside the chat.exe of your friend checks for new messages and if there is one, the Perl\/Python script transfer the message. Also via SOCKET.\nDo you think this works out? Is SOCKET appropriate and fits in? Or perhaps REST? But I think for REST-Requests you have to use the URI (http:\/\/example.com\/newmessage\/user2\/user3\/Hi_how_are_you). This looks very unsecure.\nLook forward to your comments!\nHave a nice day,\nKurt","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":609,"Q_Id":4891911,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To implement something like that you would need to go through a MQ System like perhaps ActiveMQ instead of using plain sockets.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,perl,sockets,scala,client-server","A_Id":4891991,"CreationDate":"2011-02-03T21:25:00.000","Title":"Does this Scala Perl\/Python architecture make sense","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In another question I asked for \"the best\" language for a certain purpose. Realizing this goal was a bit too much to start, I simplified my idea :) But there were really useful language hints. So I decided on Scala for the desktop-app and consider between Perl and Python on the webserver.\nI want to program something like an asynchronous chat (little bit like an email). So you start your program pick your name and add a friend with his unique id. Then you can write him a simple message and when your friends start up his pc, launches the \"chat.exe\" he receives the mail (internet is required) and is able to answer. No special functions, smiley's or text formatting, just simple for learning purpose.\nMy concept is: Use Scala for the \"chat.exe\" (Or is just a \"chat.jar\" possible?) which communicates via SOCKET with a Perl\/Python Framework which handles the requests.\nSo you type \"Hello there\" and click on send. This message is transfered via SOCKET to a Perl\/Python script which reads the request an put this message in a MySQL database. On the otherside the chat.exe of your friend checks for new messages and if there is one, the Perl\/Python script transfer the message. Also via SOCKET.\nDo you think this works out? Is SOCKET appropriate and fits in? Or perhaps REST? But I think for REST-Requests you have to use the URI (http:\/\/example.com\/newmessage\/user2\/user3\/Hi_how_are_you). This looks very unsecure.\nLook forward to your comments!\nHave a nice day,\nKurt","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":609,"Q_Id":4891911,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use Scala for the \"chat.exe\" (Or is just a \"chat.jar\" possible?) \n\nStep 1.  Figure that out.  Actually write some stuff and see what you can build.\n\nwhich communicates via SOCKET with a Perl\/Python Framework which handles the requests. \n\nNot meaningful.  All internet communication is done with sockets.  Leave this sentence out and you don't lose any meaning.\n\nThis message is transfered via SOCKET to a Perl\/Python script which reads the request an put this message in a MySQL database. \n\nA little useful information.  Sockets, however, go without saying.\n\nOn the otherside the chat.exe of your friend checks for new messages and if there is one, the Perl\/Python script transfer the message. Also via SOCKET.\n\nRight.  Sockets, again, don't mean much.\nOn top of sockets there are dozens of protocols.  FTP, Telnet, HTTP, SMTP, etc., etc.\nStep 2 is to figure out which protocol you want to use.  REST, by the way is a particular use of HTTP.  You should really, really look very closely at HTTP and REST before dismissing them.  \n\nThis looks very unsecure\n\nNot clear why you're saying this.  I can only guess that you don't know about HTTP security features.\n\nA lazy programmer might do this.\n\nInstall Python, Django, MySQL-Python and Piston.\nDefine a Django Model, configure the defaults so that model is exposed as a secure RESTful set of services.\n\nThat's sort of it for the server side message GET, POST, PUT and DELETE are all provided by Django, Piston and the Django ORM layer.  Authentication can be any of a variety of mechanisms.  I'm a big fan of HTTP Digest authentication.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,perl,sockets,scala,client-server","A_Id":4892391,"CreationDate":"2011-02-03T21:25:00.000","Title":"Does this Scala Perl\/Python architecture make sense","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I already know there are ssh modules for Python, that's not for what I'm looking for.\nWhat I want to have is an python script to do the following:\n\n> connect to an [ input by user ] SSH host\n> connect using the credentials [ provided by the user ]\n> run command on the SSH host [ telnet to [host - input by user ]\n> Select menu item in the telnet session\n\nThanks in advance,\nBest regards,","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":74237,"Q_Id":4896785,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are many libraries to do that.\n\nSubprocess\nPexpect \nParamiko (Mostly used)\nFabric\nExscript\n\nYou can check their documentation for the implementation.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,automation,ssh,telnet","A_Id":39664919,"CreationDate":"2011-02-04T10:12:00.000","Title":"Python script - connect to SSH and run command","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently working on a project to create simple file uploader site that will update the user of the progress of an upload. \nI've been attempting this in pure python (with CGI) on the server side but to get the progress of the file I obviously need send requests to the server continually. I was looking to use AJAX to do this but I was wondering how hard it would be to, instead of changing to some other framerwork (web.py for instance), just write my own web server for receiving the XML HTTP Requests?\nMy main problem is that sending the request is done from HTML and Javascript so it all seems like magic trickery at the moment.\nCan anyone advise me as to the best way to go about receiving these requests on the server? \nEDIT: It seems that a framework would be the way to go. Would web.py be a good route to take?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1735,"Q_Id":4898066,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There's absolutely no need to write your own web server. Plenty of options exist, including  lightweight ones like nginx.\nYou should use one of those, and either your own custom WSGI code to receive the request, or (better) one of the microframeworks like Flask or Bottle.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,xmlhttprequest","A_Id":4898364,"CreationDate":"2011-02-04T12:39:00.000","Title":"Creating a python web server to recieve XML HTTP Requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm currently writing a set of unit tests for a Python microblogging library, and following advice received here have begun to use mock objects to return data as if from the service (identi.ca in this case).\nHowever, surely by mocking httplib2 - the module I am using to request data - I am tying the unit tests to a specific implementation of my library, and removing the ability for them to function after refactoring (which is obviously one primary benefit of unit testing in the firt place).\nIs there a best of both worlds scenario? The only one I can think of is to set up a microblogging server to use only for testing, but this would clearly be a large amount of work.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":223,"Q_Id":4914582,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Not sure what your problem is. The mock class is part of the tests, conceptually at least. It is ok for the tests to depend on particular behaviour of the mock objects that they inject into the code being tested. Of course the injection itself should be shared across unit tests, so that it is easy to change the mockup implementation.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,unit-testing","A_Id":4914696,"CreationDate":"2011-02-06T16:35:00.000","Title":"Using mock objects without tying down unit tests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm currently writing a set of unit tests for a Python microblogging library, and following advice received here have begun to use mock objects to return data as if from the service (identi.ca in this case).\nHowever, surely by mocking httplib2 - the module I am using to request data - I am tying the unit tests to a specific implementation of my library, and removing the ability for them to function after refactoring (which is obviously one primary benefit of unit testing in the firt place).\nIs there a best of both worlds scenario? The only one I can think of is to set up a microblogging server to use only for testing, but this would clearly be a large amount of work.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":223,"Q_Id":4914582,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You are right that if you refactor your library to use something other than httplib2, then your unit tests will break.  That isn't such a horrible dependency, since when that time comes it will be a simple matter to change your tests to mock out the new library.\nIf you want to avoid that, then write a very minimal wrapper around httplib2, and your tests can mock that.  Then if you ever shift away from httplib2, you only have to change your wrapper.  But notice the number of lines you have to change is the same either way, all that changes is whether they are in \"test code\" or \"non-test code\".","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,unit-testing","A_Id":4915281,"CreationDate":"2011-02-06T16:35:00.000","Title":"Using mock objects without tying down unit tests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a \"I just want to understand it\" question..\nfirst, I'm using python 2.6.5 on Ubuntu.\nSo.. threads in python (via thread module) are only \"threads\", and is just tells the GIL to run code blocks from each \"thread\" in a certain period of time and so and so.. and there aren't actually real threads here..\nSo the question is - if I have a blocking socket in one thread, and now I'm sending data and block the thread for like 5 seconds. I expected to block all the program because it is one C command (sock.send) that is blocking the thread. But I was surprised to see that the main thread continue to run.\nSo the question is - how can GIL is able to continue and run the rest of the code after it reaches a blocking command like send? Isn't it have to use real thread in here?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3215127375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2910,"Q_Id":4920471,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"GIL (the Global Interpreter Lock) is just a lock, it does not run anything by itself. Rather, the Python interpreter captures and releases that lock as necessary. As a rule, the lock is held when running Python code, but released for calls to lower-level functions (such as sock.send). As Python threads are real OS-level threads, threads will not run Python code in parallel, but if one thread invokes a long-running C function, the GIL is released and another Python code thread can run until the first one finishes.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,python-multithreading","A_Id":4921216,"CreationDate":"2011-02-07T10:58:00.000","Title":"python threads & sockets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to run a Python script every so many minutes. The script starts by fetching the newest article from a rss-feed (using feedparser). What I want, is when the newest article is the same as the last time it ran, the script just ends. How do I accomplish this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":373,"Q_Id":4924781,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You could store the state in a temporary file. E.g. write the title into a temporary file if there isn't a temporary file already, and next time read from the file and compare the read title with the new title.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python","A_Id":4924807,"CreationDate":"2011-02-07T18:08:00.000","Title":"Do nothing if RSS feed hasn't changed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to install on one of my Windows PC's some software that will periodically send a short HTTP POST request to my remote development server. The request is always the same and should get sent every minute.\nWhat would you recommend as the best approach for that?\nThe things I considered are:\n1. Creating a Windows service\n2. Using a script in python (I have cygwin installed)\n3. Scheduled task using a batch file (although I don't want the black cmd window to pop up in my face every minute) \nThanks for any additional ideas or hints on how to best implement it.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2416,"Q_Id":4935257,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is trivially easy with a scheduled task which is the native Windows way to schedule tasks! There's no need for cygwin or Python or anything like that.\nI have such a task running on my machine which pokes my Wordpress blog every few hours. The script is just a .bat file which calls wget. The task is configured to \"Run whether user is logged on or not\" which ensures that it runs when I'm not logged on. There's no \"black cmd window\".\nYou didn't say which version of Windows you are on and if you are on XP (unlucky for you if you are) then the configuration is probably different since the scheduled task interface changed quite a bit when Vista came out.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,windows-services,scheduled-tasks","A_Id":4955373,"CreationDate":"2011-02-08T15:56:00.000","Title":"How to periodically create an HTTP POST request from windows","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to install on one of my Windows PC's some software that will periodically send a short HTTP POST request to my remote development server. The request is always the same and should get sent every minute.\nWhat would you recommend as the best approach for that?\nThe things I considered are:\n1. Creating a Windows service\n2. Using a script in python (I have cygwin installed)\n3. Scheduled task using a batch file (although I don't want the black cmd window to pop up in my face every minute) \nThanks for any additional ideas or hints on how to best implement it.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2416,"Q_Id":4935257,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you have cygwin, you probably have cron - run a python script from your crontab.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,windows-services,scheduled-tasks","A_Id":4935443,"CreationDate":"2011-02-08T15:56:00.000","Title":"How to periodically create an HTTP POST request from windows","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a project that will involve parsing HTML.\nAfter searching around, I found two probable options: BeautifulSoup and lxml.html \nIs there any reason to prefer one over the other? I have used lxml for XML some time back and I feel I will be more comfortable with it, however BeautifulSoup seems to be much common.\nI know I should use the one that works for me, but I was looking for personal experiences with both.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":44819,"Q_Id":4967103,"Users Score":44,"Answer":"The simple answer, imo, is that if you trust your source to be well-formed, go with the lxml solution.  Otherwise, BeautifulSoup all the way.\nEdit:\nThis answer is three years old now;  it's worth noting, as Jonathan Vanasco does in the comments, that BeautifulSoup4 now supports using lxml as the internal parser, so you can use the advanced features and interface of BeautifulSoup without most of the performance hit, if you wish (although I still reach straight for lxml myself -- perhaps it's just force of habit :)).","Q_Score":40,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,lxml","A_Id":4967121,"CreationDate":"2011-02-11T08:49:00.000","Title":"BeautifulSoup and lxml.html - what to prefer?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on a project that will involve parsing HTML.\nAfter searching around, I found two probable options: BeautifulSoup and lxml.html \nIs there any reason to prefer one over the other? I have used lxml for XML some time back and I feel I will be more comfortable with it, however BeautifulSoup seems to be much common.\nI know I should use the one that works for me, but I was looking for personal experiences with both.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":44819,"Q_Id":4967103,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"lxml's great.  But parsing your input as html is useful only if the dom structure actually helps you find what you're looking for.\nCan you use ordinary string functions or regexes?  For a lot of html parsing tasks, treating your input as a string rather than an html document is, counterintuitively, way easier.","Q_Score":40,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,lxml","A_Id":4968489,"CreationDate":"2011-02-11T08:49:00.000","Title":"BeautifulSoup and lxml.html - what to prefer?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"good day stackoverflow!\nim not sure if any of you has tried this but basically i want to accomplish something like this:\n- a python program continuously sends data to my website\n- using that data computations will be made and images on the website are animate\nso my questions are:\n1. what method should i use to communicate python to the website? the easier and simpler the better (tried reading up on django and my nose bled)\n2. is javascript the best way to move my images? or is flash better?\n3. if flash is better, is it possible to use the input from python and pass it to flash?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":614,"Q_Id":4979005,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Images are not shown \"on your website\", they are shown \"in your users' browsers\".\nThe browser needs to request the animation information from your website, which needs to request it from (wherever it comes from). Ideally, the website will cache the data so that 20 browser requests result in just one website request.\n\nHow close to realtime is this information?\nWhere does it come from? Is it a service you can run on the webserver?\nHow often does the browser need to be updated?\n\nYou should look for information on AJAX (letting the browser make asynchronous requests from the website).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":4979028,"CreationDate":"2011-02-12T16:01:00.000","Title":"receive data from a python program to animate an object on a webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to open a webpage using urllib.request.urlopen() then search it with regular expressions, but that gives the following error:\n\nTypeError: can't use a string pattern on a bytes-like object\n\nI understand why, urllib.request.urlopen() returns a bytestream, so re doesn't know the encoding to use. What am I supposed to do in this situation? Is there a way to specify the encoding method in a urlrequest maybe or will I need to re-encode the string myself? If so what am I looking to do, I assume I should read the encoding from the header info or the encoding type if specified in the html and then re-encode it to that?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0855049882,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":110274,"Q_Id":4981977,"Users Score":-3,"Answer":"after you make a request req = urllib.request.urlopen(...) you have to read the request by calling html_string = req.read() that will give you the string response that you can then parse the way you want.","Q_Score":65,"Tags":"python,regex,encoding,urllib","A_Id":4981998,"CreationDate":"2011-02-13T02:05:00.000","Title":"How to handle response encoding from urllib.request.urlopen() , to avoid TypeError: can't use a string pattern on a bytes-like object","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I keep getting mismatched tag errors all over the place. I'm not sure why exactly, it's the text on craigslist homepage which looks fine to me, but I haven't skimmed it thoroughly enough. Is there perhaps something more forgiving I could use or is this my best bet for html parsing with the standard library?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1545,"Q_Id":4983203,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The mismatched tag errors are likely caused by mismatched tags.  Browsers are famous for accepting sloppy html, and have made it easy for web page coders to write badly formed html, so there's a lot of it.   THere's no reason to believe that creagslist should be immune to bad web page designers.\nYou need to use a grammar that allows for these mismatches.  If the parser you are using won't let you redefine the grammar appropriately, you are stuck.  (There may be a better Python library for this, but I don't know it).\nOne alternative is to run the web page through a tool like Tidy that cleans up such mismatches, and then run your parser on that.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,parsing,python-3.x,xml.etree","A_Id":4983230,"CreationDate":"2011-02-13T08:29:00.000","Title":"Need help parsing html in python3, not well formed enough for xml.etree.ElementTree","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Trying to achieve:\n\nsame firefox profile throughout tests\n\nProblem:\n\nTests are spread over 30 different files, instantiating a selenium object, and thus creating a firefox profile, in the first test won't persist to the following test because the objects die once script ends IIRC\nCan't specify profile because I'm writing a test suite supposed to be run on different machines   \n\nPossible solutions:\n\nCreating a selenium object in some common code that stays in memory throughout the tests. I am running each test by spawning a new python process and waiting for it to end. I am unsure how to send objects in memory to a new python object.\n\nAny help is appreciated, thanks. \nedit: just thought of instead of spawning a child python process to run the test, I just instantiate the test class that selenium IDE generated, removing the setUp and tearDown methods in all 30 tests, instantiating one selenium object in the beginning, then passing said selenium object to every test that's instantiated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1706,"Q_Id":4987773,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can specify the firefox profile while running the server itself. The command would look like\njava -jar selenium-server.jar -firefoxProfileTemplate \"C:\\Selenium\\Profiles\" where \"C:\\Selenium\\Profiles\" would be your path where firefox template files are stored.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":5481430,"CreationDate":"2011-02-14T00:04:00.000","Title":"Keeping Firefox profile persistent in multiple Selenium tests without specifying a profile","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am not really a programmer but am asking this out of general curiosity.  I visited a website recently where I logged in, went to a page, and without leaving, data on that page refreshes before my eyes.\nIs it possible to mimic a browser (I was using Chrome) and log into the site, navigate to a page, and \"scrape\" that data that is coming in using Python?  I would like to store and analyze it. \nIf so, taking this one step further, is it possible to interact with the website?  Click a button that I know the name of?\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1502,"Q_Id":4999485,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If the data \"refreshes before your eyes\" it is probably AJAX (javascript in the page pulling new page-data from the server).\nThere are two ways of approaching this;\n\nusing Selenium you can wrap an actual browser which will load the page, run the javascript, then you can grab page-bits from the active page.\nyou can look at what the AJAX in the page is doing (how it is asking for updates, what it is getting back) and write python code to emulate that.\n\nboth take a fair bit of of time and effort to set up; Selenium is a bit more robust, direct python queries is a bit more efficient, YMMV.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping","A_Id":4999545,"CreationDate":"2011-02-15T02:52:00.000","Title":"Log Into Website and Scrape Streaming Data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to determine which files in the Python library are strictly necessary for my script to run. Right now I'm trying to determine where _io.py is located. In io.py (no underscore), the _io.py module (with underscore) is imported on line 60.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2239,"Q_Id":5003276,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try the DLLs folder under your base python install directory if you are on windows.  It contains .pyd modules Ignacio mentions.  I had a similar problem with a portable install.  Including the DLLs folder contents to my install fixed it.  I am using python 2.5.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,embed,portability","A_Id":5003499,"CreationDate":"2011-02-15T11:50:00.000","Title":"Python: import _io","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to determine which files in the Python library are strictly necessary for my script to run. Right now I'm trying to determine where _io.py is located. In io.py (no underscore), the _io.py module (with underscore) is imported on line 60.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2239,"Q_Id":5003276,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Not all Python modules are written in Python. Try looking for _io.so or _io.pyd.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,embed,portability","A_Id":5003294,"CreationDate":"2011-02-15T11:50:00.000","Title":"Python: import _io","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've made a python module file and uploaded in the SVN Repo (say string_utl.py which does string related operation). Is the anyway that I can access the the file Direclty for the SVN. Though I checkout the file Locally from the SVN to my computer and access it from there. But that not the point. I'm thinking of a local repository where all of my coworkers can access and modify the code. \nI though add the Lsvn location in the sys.path list but it didn't worked. \nI did it like this\nsys.path.append (\"http:\/\/lsvn\/svn\/lsvn\/QRM_Helper\/Helpful_Script\/\");\nBut didn't worked.\nI tried it another way  like this\n urllib.urlopen(some_url) \nas I'm using Python 3 it  said to use urllib2.urlopen() but in my case it didn't worked either. It gave the following error that the module doesn't exist.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4844,"Q_Id":5025579,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I just got the answer.  I'll use the Pysvn to checkout the repo to a local folder. And I'll add the folder to sys.path list. Using this I can access the folders module.\nThank everyone for helping me out\nBut I've a slight problem... I didn't had the admin right in my office computer(I'm using windows) so I installed the pysvn in my laptop and copied the lib files from my laptop to my office computer..\nThough I can pysvn in my computer (Office comp).but the Python crashes for no certain reason when I access Pysvn.. Is the copy paste could be the reason for that.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,svn,urllib,sys.path","A_Id":5037759,"CreationDate":"2011-02-17T05:59:00.000","Title":"Is there anyway I can access File from Online SVN in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm doing a RSS spider. How do you do for controlling the last crawl\ndate?\nRight now what was I thinking is this:\n\nPut in a control file the last pub_date that I have crawled. \nThen when the crawl starts, it checks the last pub_date against the\nnew pub_dates. If there are new items, then start crawling, if not, do\nnothing.\n\nHow does everyone else resolve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":231,"Q_Id":5040388,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I store all data in database as well, and calculate a hash value out of the data. That way you can look up the hash very quickly, and carry out de-dup operation on the fly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":12648771,"CreationDate":"2011-02-18T10:50:00.000","Title":"Scrapy: RSS control pub_date","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm doing a RSS spider. How do you do for controlling the last crawl\ndate?\nRight now what was I thinking is this:\n\nPut in a control file the last pub_date that I have crawled. \nThen when the crawl starts, it checks the last pub_date against the\nnew pub_dates. If there are new items, then start crawling, if not, do\nnothing.\n\nHow does everyone else resolve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":231,"Q_Id":5040388,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I store all data in the database (including last crawl date and post dates) and take all dates I need from database.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":5042647,"CreationDate":"2011-02-18T10:50:00.000","Title":"Scrapy: RSS control pub_date","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to create a google chrome extension. Specifically, I'd like to make a packaged app, but not a hosted app. Am I correct in thinking this limits me to JavaScript (and HTML\/CSS)?\nMy problem is that I need to do some complex math (singular value decomposition, factor analysis) and I don't want to write algorithms for this in javascript. Python already has libraries for the functions I need (SciPy), but I can't find any indication that I can make a Chrome extension using python.\nIs this correct? Do I have any other options?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":65662,"Q_Id":5048436,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Although you mentioned you don't want it to be a hosted app, but this is one typical scenario where a hosted app can do. \nSciPy is not a package that is easy to deploy. Even if you are writing a installed application based on SciPy, it requires some effort to deploy this dependency. A web application can help here where you put most of the hard-to-deploy dependencies on the server side (which is a one-off thing). And the client side can be really light.","Q_Score":49,"Tags":"python,google-chrome-extension","A_Id":9693740,"CreationDate":"2011-02-19T02:23:00.000","Title":"Chrome extension in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using a server to send some piece of information to another server every second. The problem is that the other server response is few kilobytes and this consumes the bandwidth on the first server ( about 2 GB in an hour ). I would like to send the request and ignore the return ( not even receive it to save bandwidth ) ..\nI use a small python script for this task using (urllib). I don't mind using any other tool or even any other language if this is going to make the request only.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1828,"Q_Id":5049244,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Sorry but this does not make much sense and is likely a violation of the HTTP protocol. I consider such an idea as weird and broken-by-design. Either make the remote server shut up or configure your application or whatever is running on the remote server on a different protocol level using a smarter protocol with less bandwidth usage. Everything else is hard being considered as nonsense.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,response","A_Id":5049353,"CreationDate":"2011-02-19T06:20:00.000","Title":"How can i ignore server response to save bandwidth?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using a server to send some piece of information to another server every second. The problem is that the other server response is few kilobytes and this consumes the bandwidth on the first server ( about 2 GB in an hour ). I would like to send the request and ignore the return ( not even receive it to save bandwidth ) ..\nI use a small python script for this task using (urllib). I don't mind using any other tool or even any other language if this is going to make the request only.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1828,"Q_Id":5049244,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"A 5K reply is small stuff and is probably below the standard TCP window size of your OS. This means that even if you close your network connection just after sending the request and checking just the very first bytes of the reply (to be sure that request has been really received) probably the server already sent you the whole answer and the packets are already on the wire or on your computer.\nIf you cannot control (i.e. trim down) what is the server reply for your notification the only alternative I can think to is to add another server on the remote machine waiting for a simple command and doing the real request locally and just sending back to you the result code. This can be done very easily may be even just with bash\/perl\/python using for example netcat\/wget locally.\nBy the way there is something strange in your math as Glenn Maynard correctly wrote in a comment.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,response","A_Id":5049588,"CreationDate":"2011-02-19T06:20:00.000","Title":"How can i ignore server response to save bandwidth?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to display the percentage a file has downloaded in python while using httplib2? I know you can with urllib2 but I want to use httplib2.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":687,"Q_Id":5055605,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No. httplib2 doesn't have any kind of progress beacon callback, so it simply blocks until the request is finished.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,progress-bar,httplib2","A_Id":5055776,"CreationDate":"2011-02-20T06:21:00.000","Title":"httplib2 download progress bar in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way to get Python to run on a web browser, other than silverlight?\nI'm pretty sure not, but it never hurts to ask (usually).","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":717,"Q_Id":5060382,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Short of writing your own browser plugin \u2014 no.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,client-side","A_Id":5060400,"CreationDate":"2011-02-20T22:02:00.000","Title":"web: client-side python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any way to get Python to run on a web browser, other than silverlight?\nI'm pretty sure not, but it never hurts to ask (usually).","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":717,"Q_Id":5060382,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Haven't tried it myself but Pyjamas (http:\/\/pyjs.org\/) claims to contain a Python-to-Javascript compiler. Not exactly what you're asking for but might be worth a look.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,client-side","A_Id":5060425,"CreationDate":"2011-02-20T22:02:00.000","Title":"web: client-side python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any way to get Python to run on a web browser, other than silverlight?\nI'm pretty sure not, but it never hurts to ask (usually).","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":717,"Q_Id":5060382,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"skulpt is an interesting new project","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,client-side","A_Id":9805718,"CreationDate":"2011-02-20T22:02:00.000","Title":"web: client-side python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"On a host with multiple network interfaces, is it possible to bind the connect method from the Python smtplib to an specific source address?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":984,"Q_Id":5073575,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No such option - at least not without hacking smtplib.connect() yourself.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ip-address,connect,smtplib","A_Id":5073815,"CreationDate":"2011-02-22T03:01:00.000","Title":"Python smtplib: bind to specific source IP address in a machine with multiple network interfaces","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"is there any way to specify dns server should be used by socket.gethostbyaddr()?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5038,"Q_Id":5078338,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Please correct me, if I'm wrong, but isn't this operating system's responsibility? gethostbyaddr is just a part of libc and according to man:\n     The gethostbyname(), gethostbyname2() and gethostbyaddr() functions each return a\n     pointer to an object with the following structure describing an internet host refer-\n     enced by name or by address, respectively.  This structure contains either the infor-\n     mation obtained from the name server, named(8), or broken-out fields from a line in\n     \/etc\/hosts.  If the local name server is not running these routines do a lookup in\n     \/etc\/hosts.\nSo I would say there's no way of simply telling Python (from the code's point of view) to use a particular DNS, since it's part of system's configuration.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,sockets,dns","A_Id":5078532,"CreationDate":"2011-02-22T12:51:00.000","Title":"python: how to tell socket.gethostbyaddr() which dns server to use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have 2 computers behind diferent NAT's and FTP-server. How can i connect computers to each other without server program?\nI read about STUN and UDP hole punching, but as i see, it needs some server side program, isn't it?\nIt's will be used in python program.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":493,"Q_Id":5078749,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To do this without a server you could setup port forwarding on one of the NAT routers. e.g. machine1 behind nat1, machine2 behind nat2. Setup a port on nat1 forward to the FTP port of machine1. You should then be able to FTP from machine2 using the public IP address of nat1. Use passive mode FTP to avoid having to open up more ports through the NAT routers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ftp,nat","A_Id":5078819,"CreationDate":"2011-02-22T13:28:00.000","Title":"Can I connect 2 NAT-covered computers using FTP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was wondering if you guys know any websites or have any ideas on beginner-intermediate level Python network programming projects\/practice problems to practice Python network programming? I just finished reading \"Foundations of Python Network Programming\" and am looking for practice assignments that aren't too difficult to hone my skills.. I've made a simple localhost client\/server that lets you add\/subtract\/multiply\/divide numbers.. the \"client\" passes in 2 numbers and an operation to the server, the server does the calculation and returns the value. Any ideas on what I can do that would be good practice for network programming that doesn't involve installing libraries?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4415,"Q_Id":5083701,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"My first net project was a web spider that traversed the web (Obviously), and created a DB to be used as a search engine.\nSpider & web search engine in Python (I used mod_python for the web page, but I'd recommend Django), and the DB in MySQL.\nCreate a GUI for managing the DB or Spider (Or both, up to you).\nEnded up using:\n\nSockets \nDB interactions\nwxPython\nThreading","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,networking,project","A_Id":5618464,"CreationDate":"2011-02-22T20:40:00.000","Title":"Python network programming project?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I use selenium-rc to test an asp.net website, test script is written in Python and the browser is Firefox 3.6. But When selenium open the first page of the website, A download dialog appear, not the web page, seems the page is proccessed as application\/octet-stream, this cause my test script can not run successfully.\nSeems this behavior happened on some asp.net websites, I select other asp sites to test, and found some asp sites have the same issue.\nMy question is why this happend? and how to fix this?\nEdit: I use IE to do this test again, seems it's ok. So is this an issue of Firefox?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":5086524,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Ok, I upgrade my selenium-server to 2.0b2, now it's ok.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"asp.net,python,selenium-rc","A_Id":5086635,"CreationDate":"2011-02-23T02:54:00.000","Title":"Why selenium can not open some asp page?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Should it be possible to send a plain, single http POST request (not chunk-encoded), in more than one segment?  I was thinking of using httplib.HTTPConnection and calling the send method more than once (and calling read on the response object after each send).\n(Context: I'm collaborating to the design of a server that offers services analogous to transactions [series of interrelated requests-responses]. I'm looking for the simplest, most compatible HTTP representation.)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":724,"Q_Id":5093622,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"After being convinced by friends that this should be possible, I found a way to do it.  I override httplib.HTTPResponse (n.b. httplib.HTTPConnection is nice enough to let you specify the response_class it will instantiate).\nLooking at socket.py and httplib.py (especially _fileobject.read()), I had noticed that read() only allowed 2 things:\n\nread an exact number of bytes (this returns immediately, even if the connection is not closed)\nread all bytes until the connection is closed\n\nI was able to extend this behavior and allow free streaming with just a few lines of code.  I also had to set the will_close member of my HTTPResponse to 0.\nI'd still be interested to hear if this is considered acceptable or abusive usage of HTTP.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":5122434,"CreationDate":"2011-02-23T16:18:00.000","Title":"multiple send on httplib.HTTPConnection, and multiple read on HTTPResponse?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to parse a large (>800MB) XML file from Jython. The XML is not deeply nested, containing about a million relevant elements. I need to convert these elements into real objects. \nI've used nu.xom.* successfully before, but now that I've switched from Java to Jython, the library fails with the following message:\n\nThe parser has encountered more than\n  \"64,000\" entity expansions in this\n  document; this is the limit imposed by\n  the application.\n\nI have not found a way to fix this, so I probably have to look for another XML library. It could be either Java or Jython-compatible Python and should be efficient. Pythonic would be great, nu.xom.* is simple but not very pythonic. Do you have any suggestions?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3156,"Q_Id":5094042,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"there is a lxml python library, that can parse large files, without loading data to memory.\nbut i don't know if i jython compatible","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,xml,jython,xom","A_Id":5108534,"CreationDate":"2011-02-23T16:50:00.000","Title":"Best way to parse large XML document in Jython","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to parse a large (>800MB) XML file from Jython. The XML is not deeply nested, containing about a million relevant elements. I need to convert these elements into real objects. \nI've used nu.xom.* successfully before, but now that I've switched from Java to Jython, the library fails with the following message:\n\nThe parser has encountered more than\n  \"64,000\" entity expansions in this\n  document; this is the limit imposed by\n  the application.\n\nI have not found a way to fix this, so I probably have to look for another XML library. It could be either Java or Jython-compatible Python and should be efficient. Pythonic would be great, nu.xom.* is simple but not very pythonic. Do you have any suggestions?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3156,"Q_Id":5094042,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Try using the SAX parser, it is great for streaming large XML files.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,xml,jython,xom","A_Id":5094073,"CreationDate":"2011-02-23T16:50:00.000","Title":"Best way to parse large XML document in Jython","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a hobby project consisting of a multi-player web browser game.\nIt is my first and I have just stumbled into the latency issue.\nI am trying to make user control as smooth as possible and latency is getting in the way. \nI reckon that average latencies might be around 80-200ms and that for virtually-smooth control a command-action delay needs to be less than 100ms.\nI have a few questions:\n\nWould it be good practice to try and send user actions 100ms before required? e.g. User keeps the '->' arrow key pressed, I submit the right arrow key action 100ms before action needs to be submitted to a server.\nHow do developees keep consistency\/synchonise between what is happening on the online server and on the client?\nAny tips or recommendations?\n\n\nThanks guys, help would be very much appreciated. :)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":356,"Q_Id":5094697,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Question 1) Yes, but if you're doing real time movement like that, I would consider rendering it locally (using collision detection and what not) and then validation on the server to ensure they didn't cheat it (i.e. update the position on the server every second, and make sure they could have gone from A to B in one second, etc.)\nQuestion 2) Every so often (quarter, half, full second) you send a packet with environment updates of what other players did and what npcs did and the like.\nQuestion 3) Develop then profile. Make it the way you want it to logically. Then, if you find the playability is too laggy, work on optimizing the interface and networking layer. You might find it to be just fine!","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,pygame,latency","A_Id":5094771,"CreationDate":"2011-02-23T17:42:00.000","Title":"How should I deal with latency in game development?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a hobby project consisting of a multi-player web browser game.\nIt is my first and I have just stumbled into the latency issue.\nI am trying to make user control as smooth as possible and latency is getting in the way. \nI reckon that average latencies might be around 80-200ms and that for virtually-smooth control a command-action delay needs to be less than 100ms.\nI have a few questions:\n\nWould it be good practice to try and send user actions 100ms before required? e.g. User keeps the '->' arrow key pressed, I submit the right arrow key action 100ms before action needs to be submitted to a server.\nHow do developees keep consistency\/synchonise between what is happening on the online server and on the client?\nAny tips or recommendations?\n\n\nThanks guys, help would be very much appreciated. :)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":356,"Q_Id":5094697,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"One important thing is to load resources when needed. That is, in most 3D 'moving'-games, load resources as approaching the objects needing them.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,pygame,latency","A_Id":5094815,"CreationDate":"2011-02-23T17:42:00.000","Title":"How should I deal with latency in game development?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does anybody know how to make http request from Google App Engine without waiting a response?\nIt should be like a push data with http without latency for response.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1253,"Q_Id":5107675,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Use the taskqueue. If you're just pushing data, there's no sense in waiting for the response.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,http,google-app-engine,asynchronous,request","A_Id":5111470,"CreationDate":"2011-02-24T16:43:00.000","Title":"async http request on Google App Engine Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Does anybody know how to make http request from Google App Engine without waiting a response?\nIt should be like a push data with http without latency for response.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1253,"Q_Id":5107675,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've done this before by setting doing a URLFetch and setting a very low value for the deadline parameter. I put 0.1 as my value, so 100ms. You need to wrap the URLFetch in a try\/catch also since the request will timeout.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,http,google-app-engine,asynchronous,request","A_Id":5111384,"CreationDate":"2011-02-24T16:43:00.000","Title":"async http request on Google App Engine Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I post an image to Facebook using Python?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7965,"Q_Id":5118178,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Unfortunately, the Python SDK is discontinued now. Will not work. Need to use Javascript \/ PHP \/ iOS \/ Android APIs","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,http,curl,urllib2,urllib","A_Id":9482535,"CreationDate":"2011-02-25T14:08:00.000","Title":"Post picture to Facebook using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to parse html emails that will be similar but not exactly the same. I will be looking for things like dates, amounts, vendors, ect., but depending on who the email came from, the markup will be different.\nHow could I parse out those common things from lots of different html markup in python?\nThanks for your suggestions.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6334,"Q_Id":5120129,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"BeautifulSoup or lxml are decent HTML parsers. BeautifulSoup is a bit more handy but has some odds and ends.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,parsing","A_Id":5120192,"CreationDate":"2011-02-25T16:54:00.000","Title":"Python html parsing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to do a client-server application, the client will be made with python-gtk,\nall procedures will be on server-side to free the client of this workload. \nSo i did search on google about client-server protocols and i found that CORBA and RPC are closer from what i had in mind, BUT also i want to made this app ready to accept web and mobile clients, so i found REST and SOAP.\nFrom all that reading i found myself with this doubts, should i implement two different protocols, one for gtk-client (like RPC or CORBA) and another for web and mobile (REST or SOAP)?\nCan i use REST or SOAP for all?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":490,"Q_Id":5124408,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Use REST.  It's the simplest, and therefore the most widely accessible.  If you really find a need for SOAP, RPC, or CORBA later, you can add them then.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,rest,soap,rpc,corba","A_Id":5124484,"CreationDate":"2011-02-26T01:17:00.000","Title":"What protocol to use in client-server app communication with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to do a client-server application, the client will be made with python-gtk,\nall procedures will be on server-side to free the client of this workload. \nSo i did search on google about client-server protocols and i found that CORBA and RPC are closer from what i had in mind, BUT also i want to made this app ready to accept web and mobile clients, so i found REST and SOAP.\nFrom all that reading i found myself with this doubts, should i implement two different protocols, one for gtk-client (like RPC or CORBA) and another for web and mobile (REST or SOAP)?\nCan i use REST or SOAP for all?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":490,"Q_Id":5124408,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I've implemented webservices using SOAP\/XMLRPC (it was easy to support both, the framework I was using at the time made it pretty trivial) before; I had thought about using standard HTTP without the SOAP\/XMLRPC layer (before I was aware that REST had a name :) but decided against it in the end because \"I didn't want to write client-side code to handle the datastructures\". (The Perl client also had easy SOAP\/XMLRPC APIs.)\nIn the end, I regretted the decision I made: I could have written the code to handle the datastructures myself in an afternoon (or at the most a day) -- or if I had chosen to use JSON, probably two hours. But the burden of the SOAP\/XMLRPC API and library dependencies lives on, years after I saved a few hours of developing, and will continue to be a burden for future development of the product.\nSo I recommend giving REST a really good try before going with an RPC framework.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,rest,soap,rpc,corba","A_Id":5124630,"CreationDate":"2011-02-26T01:17:00.000","Title":"What protocol to use in client-server app communication with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a unicode string like '%C3%A7%C3%B6asd+fjkls%25asd' and I want to decode this string.\nI used urllib.unquote_plus(str) but it works wrong.\n\nexpected : \u00e7\u00f6asd+fjkls%asd\nresult : \u00c3\u00a7\u00c3\u00b6asd fjkls%asd\n\ndouble coded utf-8 characters(%C3%A7 and %C3%B6) are decoded wrong.\nMy python version is 2.7 under a linux distro.\nWhat is the best way to get expected result?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15321,"Q_Id":5139249,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"'%C3%A7%C3%B6asd+fjkls%25asd' - this is not a unicode string. \nThis is a url-encoded string. Use urllib2.unquote() instead.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"url-encoding,python-unicode","A_Id":5139350,"CreationDate":"2011-02-28T07:29:00.000","Title":"python url unquote followed by unicode decode","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Are there libraries for email message parsing (particularly, from Gmail's IMAP server) in Python (except for the standard email library)?\nOr if not, maybe there is some C++ library for this purpose (and I'll be able to use it through SWIG)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":909,"Q_Id":5156422,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This question does not make sense. You can access GMail either using IMAP or POP3.\nAnd for parsing retrieved emails you use the 'email' module of Python. Python provides support for all this out-of-the-box \"all batteries included\".","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email","A_Id":5156532,"CreationDate":"2011-03-01T15:17:00.000","Title":"python: libraries for parsing email","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"urllib fetches data from urls right? is there a python library that can do the reverse of that and send data to urls instead (for example, to a site you are managing)? and if so, is that library compatible with apache?\nthanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":174,"Q_Id":5159351,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"What does sending data to a URL mean? The usual way to do that is just via an HTTP POST, and urllib (and urllib2) handle that just fine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urllib","A_Id":5159377,"CreationDate":"2011-03-01T19:30:00.000","Title":"python library that is the inverse of urllib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Say I have a paragraph in a site I am managing and I want a python program to change the contents of that paragraph. Is this plausible with urllib?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":54,"Q_Id":5159674,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you have access to any server-side scripting language, its easy.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":5159749,"CreationDate":"2011-03-01T20:02:00.000","Title":"Filling out paragraph text via urllib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Say I have a paragraph in a site I am managing and I want a python program to change the contents of that paragraph. Is this plausible with urllib?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":54,"Q_Id":5159674,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Quite possibly; it depends on how the site is designed.\nIf the site is just a collection of static pages (ie .html files) then you would have to get a copy of the page, modify it, and upload the new version - most likely using sftp or WebDAV.\nIf the site is running a content management system (like Wordpress, Drupal, Joomla, etc) then it gets quite a bit simpler - your script can simply post new page content.\nIf it is static content maintained through a template system (ie Dreamweaver) then life gets quite a bit nastier again - because any changes you make will not be reflected in the template files, and will likely get overwritten and disappear the next time you update the site.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":5160286,"CreationDate":"2011-03-01T20:02:00.000","Title":"Filling out paragraph text via urllib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm running an android app on the emulator. This app tries to load a html file using the webview api.\nI also have a simple http server running on the same computer under the directory where I want to serve the request using the following python command:\npython -m SimpleHTTPServer 800\nHowever, I couldn't access this link through either the app or the browser on the emulator:\nhttp:\/\/localhost:800\/demo.html\nPlease let me know if I'm missing something.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3711,"Q_Id":5185016,"Users Score":16,"Answer":"Use address 10.0.2.2 instead of localhost.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,android,android-emulator,webview","A_Id":5185046,"CreationDate":"2011-03-03T18:39:00.000","Title":"How can I let android emulator talk to the localhost?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm running an android app on the emulator. This app tries to load a html file using the webview api.\nI also have a simple http server running on the same computer under the directory where I want to serve the request using the following python command:\npython -m SimpleHTTPServer 800\nHowever, I couldn't access this link through either the app or the browser on the emulator:\nhttp:\/\/localhost:800\/demo.html\nPlease let me know if I'm missing something.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3711,"Q_Id":5185016,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Actually localhost refers to the emulators directory itself.\nUse your system ip to access the link","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,android,android-emulator,webview","A_Id":5185075,"CreationDate":"2011-03-03T18:39:00.000","Title":"How can I let android emulator talk to the localhost?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm running an android app on the emulator. This app tries to load a html file using the webview api.\nI also have a simple http server running on the same computer under the directory where I want to serve the request using the following python command:\npython -m SimpleHTTPServer 800\nHowever, I couldn't access this link through either the app or the browser on the emulator:\nhttp:\/\/localhost:800\/demo.html\nPlease let me know if I'm missing something.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3711,"Q_Id":5185016,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"localhost is a short-cut to tell the \"whatever\" to talk to itself. So, you are telling the emulator to look for a web server running in the emulator.\nInstead of trying to connect to localhost, look up the IP for your computer and use that instead.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,android,android-emulator,webview","A_Id":5185051,"CreationDate":"2011-03-03T18:39:00.000","Title":"How can I let android emulator talk to the localhost?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm running an android app on the emulator. This app tries to load a html file using the webview api.\nI also have a simple http server running on the same computer under the directory where I want to serve the request using the following python command:\npython -m SimpleHTTPServer 800\nHowever, I couldn't access this link through either the app or the browser on the emulator:\nhttp:\/\/localhost:800\/demo.html\nPlease let me know if I'm missing something.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3711,"Q_Id":5185016,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"Best solution is not to use emulator at all. Its slow and full of bugs. Get your employer to buy a device or two.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,android,android-emulator,webview","A_Id":5186087,"CreationDate":"2011-03-03T18:39:00.000","Title":"How can I let android emulator talk to the localhost?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Hey I'm working on a python project using sockets. Basically I want to loop a connection to a host for user input. Here is what I'm trying:\n\nwhile True:\n    sock.connect((host, port))\n    inputstring = \" > \"\n    userInput = raw_input(inputstring)\n    sock.send(userInput + '\\r\\n\\r\\n')\n    recvdata = sock.recv(socksize)\n    print(recvdata)\n\nBut when I loop the socket and try connecting to localhost on port 80 I get an error saying the transport endpoint is still connected or something like that. How can I eliminate that problem?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2005,"Q_Id":5201388,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Call connect outside the while loop. You only need to connect once.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,loops,tcp,connection","A_Id":5201409,"CreationDate":"2011-03-05T03:10:00.000","Title":"Python keeping socket alive?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hey I'm working on a python project using sockets. Basically I want to loop a connection to a host for user input. Here is what I'm trying:\n\nwhile True:\n    sock.connect((host, port))\n    inputstring = \" > \"\n    userInput = raw_input(inputstring)\n    sock.send(userInput + '\\r\\n\\r\\n')\n    recvdata = sock.recv(socksize)\n    print(recvdata)\n\nBut when I loop the socket and try connecting to localhost on port 80 I get an error saying the transport endpoint is still connected or something like that. How can I eliminate that problem?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2005,"Q_Id":5201388,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Put the sock.connect outside of your while True.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,loops,tcp,connection","A_Id":5201407,"CreationDate":"2011-03-05T03:10:00.000","Title":"Python keeping socket alive?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have little working knowledge of python. I know that there is something called a Twitter search API, but I'm not really sure what I'm doing. I know what I need to do:\nI need point data for a class. I thought I would just pull up a map of the world in a GIS application, select cities that have x population or larger, then export those selections to a new table. That table would have a key and city name.\nnext i randomly select 100 of those cities. Then I perform a search of a certain term (in this case, Gaddafi) for each of those 100 cities. All I need to know is how many posts there were on a certain day (or over a few days depending on amount of tweets there were).\nI just have a feeling there is something that already exsists that does this, and I'm having a hard time finding it. I've dowloaded and installed python-twitter but have no idea how to get this search done. Anyone know where I can find or how I can make this tool? Any suggestions would really help. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":268,"Q_Id":5209003,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A tweet itself comes with a geo tag. But it is a new feature and majority tweets do not have it. So it is not possible to search for all tweets containing \"Gaddafi\" from a city given the city name.\nWhat you could do is the reverse, you search for \"Gaddafi\" first (regardless of geo location), using search api. Then, for each tweet, find the location of the poster (either thru the RESTful api or use some sort of web scraping).\nso basically you can classify the tweets collected according to the location of the poster.\nI think only tweepy have access to both twitter search API as well as RESTful API.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,twitter","A_Id":5209588,"CreationDate":"2011-03-06T06:00:00.000","Title":"Performing multiple searches of a term in Twitter","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to send email through a proxy. \nMy current implementation is as follows:\nI connect to the smtp server with authentication. After I've successfully logged in, I send an email. It works fine but when I look at the email header I can see my host name. I would like to tunnel it through a proxy instead. \nAny help will be highly appreciated.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25028,"Q_Id":5239797,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This code has earned from me.\n1. The file name must not be email.py   Rename file name for example emailSend.py\n2. It is necessary to allow Google to send messages from unreliable sources.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,proxy,smtp,smtplib","A_Id":44179874,"CreationDate":"2011-03-08T23:51:00.000","Title":"Python smtplib proxy support","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I just start to learn python and web2py. Because of web2py's web interface development, I am wondering how can web2py work with svn? If a team wants to build a website,how do they work together? How to control the iteration of source code?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":742,"Q_Id":5240646,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Yes, it works fine with svn, hg, whatever source control you need to use. \nSometimes people think that you have to code with web2py's admin interface, but that really is not the case, once you realize it can be edited with any of your regular tools, you will see that you don't have to treat it any differently when it comes to source control either.\nIf you use the source version of web2py, you'll have a single folder on disk that contains an entire web2py application server (that in turn contains your 'application' folders). Just check that whole folder into source control. \nNow, on the machine that is running web2py, you can make changes either with web2py's web interface, or by just editing the python files directly with another editor (I use WingIDE for example). You'll have the normal svn update\/modify\/commit cycle at this point. \nIf multiple people are editing code using web2py's admin interface, all of their changes will be made on the machine running web2py... just periodically do a commit from that system and you are all set.\nUsing the admin interface to modify the source code is convenient, but for for bigger changes, each member of your team should have their own local copy of the svn branch. They make changes to their local files and commit them. Then from the server running web2py, just do an 'svn up' to get modifications from the rest of the team.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web2py","A_Id":5240964,"CreationDate":"2011-03-09T02:27:00.000","Title":"Can web2py work with svn?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'd like to periodicity check if my SOCKS server is working fine. In order to do that, I thought of pinging 8.8.8.8 (google DNS server) through the SOCKS server.\nIs there other recommended way?\nIf it's optimal, how can I ping through SOCKS with python?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":18202,"Q_Id":5274934,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"A SOCKS proxy provides a TCP proxy service (SOCKS 5 added UDP Support). You cannot perform an ICMP Echo \"via\" a SOCKS proxy service.\nEven if you could, you would be testing ICMP Echo and Echo Reply, and not that your SOCKS server is running fine.\nIf you want to test that your SOCKS server is \"running fine\" I'd suggest that you open local listening port and then try to connect to it via the SOCKS service.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,socks,icmp","A_Id":5275216,"CreationDate":"2011-03-11T15:35:00.000","Title":"Use ping through SOCKS server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a module in python which performs some function.\nI then created a Google Chrome extension which makes use of JSON and javascript.\nNow when I click on the extension I want it to execute the python program which is stored on my hard disk and display the output on the browser again. \nIs there a way in which I can do this??","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17271,"Q_Id":5327485,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Probably a late reply but a possible solution is to make your python script act as a server and let the browser plugin interact with it.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"javascript,python,google-chrome","A_Id":25336537,"CreationDate":"2011-03-16T15:21:00.000","Title":"How can I execute a Python script from Javascript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have written a module in python which performs some function.\nI then created a Google Chrome extension which makes use of JSON and javascript.\nNow when I click on the extension I want it to execute the python program which is stored on my hard disk and display the output on the browser again. \nIs there a way in which I can do this??","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17271,"Q_Id":5327485,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"forgive me if i'm incorrect on infinite proportions. \nI believe that JavaScript is executed in a sandboxed\/ isolated environment. Therefore you cannot invoke a python interpreter* or any other executable residing on the system.\n*unless the interpreter itself were written in javascript.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"javascript,python,google-chrome","A_Id":5328172,"CreationDate":"2011-03-16T15:21:00.000","Title":"How can I execute a Python script from Javascript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to parse a bunch of xml files with the library xml.dom.minidom, to extract some data and put it in a text file. Most of the XMLs go well, but for some of them I get the following error when calling minidom.parsestring():\n\nUnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\\u2019' in position 5189: ordinal not in range(128)\n\nIt happens for some other non-ascii characters too. My question is: what are my options here? Am I supposed to somehow strip\/replace all those non-English characters before being able to parse the XML files?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16977,"Q_Id":5329668,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Minidom doesn't directly support parsing Unicode strings; it's something that has historically had poor support and standardisation. Many XML tools recognise only byte streams as something an XML parser can consume.\nIf you have plain files, you should either read them in as byte strings (not Unicode!) and pass that to parseString(), or just use parse() which will read a file directly.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,unicode,minidom","A_Id":5333621,"CreationDate":"2011-03-16T18:02:00.000","Title":"How to parse unicode strings with minidom?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Can I send the url of the page from the javascript to the python program running on the client machine ??\nAlso can I redirect the output of the python program to the javascript to be displayed on the browser?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":5329942,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can if you're running a server with Python.\nCreate a simple server with python and return json. The only requirement is that the python server must be started in order to except requests.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":5330014,"CreationDate":"2011-03-16T18:25:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to send a URL from javascript running on the browser to the python program running on the client machine?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What's the easiest way to scrape just the text from a handful of webpages (using a list of URLs) using BeautifulSoup? Is it even possible?\nBest,\nGeorgina","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6124,"Q_Id":5331266,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It is perfectly possible. Easiest way is to iterate through list of URLs, load the content, find the URLs, add them to main list. Stop iteration when enough pages are found.\nJust some tips:\n\nurllib2.urlopen for fetching content\nBeautifulSoup:  findAll('a') for finding URLs","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,beautifulsoup,web-scraping","A_Id":5331407,"CreationDate":"2011-03-16T20:20:00.000","Title":"Python - Easiest way to scrape text from list of URLs using BeautifulSoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i'm working in python 3.2 (newb) on windows machine (though i have ubuntu 10.04 on virtual box if needed, but i prefer to work on the windows machine).\nBasically i'm able to work with the http module and urlib module to scrape web pages, but only those that don't have java script document.write(\"<div....\") and the like that adds data that is not there while i get the actual page (meaning without real ajax scripts).\nTo process those kind of sites as well i'm pretty sure i need a browser java script processor to work on the page and give me an output with the final result, hopefully as a dict or text.\nI tried to compile python-spider monkey but i understand that it's not for windows and it's not working with python 3.x :-?\nAny suggestions ? if anyone did something like that before i'll appreciate the help!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8915,"Q_Id":5338979,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use Firebug to see exactly what is being called to get the data to display (a POST or GET url?). I suspect there's an AJAX call that's retrieving the data from the server either as XML or JSON. Just call the same AJAX call, and parse the data yourself. \nOptionally, you can download Selenium for Firefox, start a Selenium server, download the page via Selenium, and get the DOM contents. MozRepl works as well, but doesn't have as much documentation since it's not widely used.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,python-3.x,web-scraping","A_Id":5352888,"CreationDate":"2011-03-17T12:26:00.000","Title":"Scraping a web page with java script in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i'm working in python 3.2 (newb) on windows machine (though i have ubuntu 10.04 on virtual box if needed, but i prefer to work on the windows machine).\nBasically i'm able to work with the http module and urlib module to scrape web pages, but only those that don't have java script document.write(\"<div....\") and the like that adds data that is not there while i get the actual page (meaning without real ajax scripts).\nTo process those kind of sites as well i'm pretty sure i need a browser java script processor to work on the page and give me an output with the final result, hopefully as a dict or text.\nI tried to compile python-spider monkey but i understand that it's not for windows and it's not working with python 3.x :-?\nAny suggestions ? if anyone did something like that before i'll appreciate the help!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8915,"Q_Id":5338979,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"document.write is usually used because you are generating the content on the fly, often by fetching data from a server. What you get are web apps that are more about javascript than HTML. \"Scraping\" is rather more a question of downloading HTML and processing it, but here there isn't any HTML to download. You are essentially trying to scrape a GUI program.\nMost of these applications have some sort of API, often returning XML or JSON data, that you can use instead. If it doesn't, your should probably try to remote control a real webbrowser instead.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,python-3.x,web-scraping","A_Id":5340415,"CreationDate":"2011-03-17T12:26:00.000","Title":"Scraping a web page with java script in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have soap webservice built with soaplib,\nbut if client sent chunked request it fails on \n\nlength = req_env.get(\"CONTENT_LENGTH\")\nbody = input.read(int(length))\n\nbecause length is '' (empty string), any ideas how to fix soaplib?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":279,"Q_Id":5351250,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"a bit ugly, but looks like it works:\n\n            if '' != length:\n                body = input.read(int(length))\n            elif req_env.get(\"HTTP_TRANSFER_ENCODING\").lower() == 'chunked':\n\n                chunk_size = int(input.readline(), 16)\n                while chunk_size > 0:\n                    chunk_read_size = 0\n                    tmp  = input.read(chunk_size)\n                    chunk_read_size += len(tmp)\n                    body += tmp\n                    while chunk_read_size","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-services,soap,soaplib","A_Id":5389161,"CreationDate":"2011-03-18T11:23:00.000","Title":"fix soaplib to support chunked requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was looking at a book on python network programming and i wanted to know what would be the benefits to learning python network programming comprehensively? This would be in the context of being able to develop some really cool, ground breaking web apps. I am a python newbe so all opinions woul be appreciated.\nKind Regards\n4 Years later:\nThis was 4yrs ago, its crazy how much I've grown as a developer. Regarding how it has helped,  I've developed an email application, a chat application using Objective C, python Twisted on the server side, it also helped with developing my apns push notification pipeline.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2411,"Q_Id":5357103,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If you want to develop wed apps, than you should rather focus on web frameworks like Django or Pylons.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":5357120,"CreationDate":"2011-03-18T19:49:00.000","Title":"benefits of learning python network programming?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was looking at a book on python network programming and i wanted to know what would be the benefits to learning python network programming comprehensively? This would be in the context of being able to develop some really cool, ground breaking web apps. I am a python newbe so all opinions woul be appreciated.\nKind Regards\n4 Years later:\nThis was 4yrs ago, its crazy how much I've grown as a developer. Regarding how it has helped,  I've developed an email application, a chat application using Objective C, python Twisted on the server side, it also helped with developing my apns push notification pipeline.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2411,"Q_Id":5357103,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The network is and always will be the sexiest arena for a hacker. An attacker can do almost anything with simple network access, such as scan for hosts, inject packets, sniff data, remotely exploit hosts, and much more. But if you are an attacker who has worked your way into the deepest depths of an enterprise target, you may find yourself in a bit of a conundrum: you have no tools to execute network attacks. No netcat. No Wireshark. No compiler and no means to install one. However, you might be surprised to find that in many cases, you\u2019ll find a Python install.\nHence, the one benefit of python network programming I see is that one has a chance of becoming a penetration tester or an Offensive security guy.\nEdit (10-06-2020):\nI have no knowledge of what I was thinking when I was writing this answer. It's clearly not helpful. \nRegarding the question, making web apps is not equivalent to network programming. In network programming with python, you can start with lower level of the OSI model by using libraries like scapy. Here you can make raw packets and understand the various protocols with it. And then maybe move to application level with libraries like Scrapy which involves web scraping, making http requests, etc. But develping python web apps would use tools like flask, django, jinja, etc and the development of a web app can take the form totally different than that of a regular scripting tool.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":31816130,"CreationDate":"2011-03-18T19:49:00.000","Title":"benefits of learning python network programming?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was looking at a book on python network programming and i wanted to know what would be the benefits to learning python network programming comprehensively? This would be in the context of being able to develop some really cool, ground breaking web apps. I am a python newbe so all opinions woul be appreciated.\nKind Regards\n4 Years later:\nThis was 4yrs ago, its crazy how much I've grown as a developer. Regarding how it has helped,  I've developed an email application, a chat application using Objective C, python Twisted on the server side, it also helped with developing my apns push notification pipeline.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2411,"Q_Id":5357103,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"\"Network programming\" isn't about \"cool web apps\". It's more about creating servers, and creating clients that talk to servers. It's about sockets, tcp\/ip communication, XMLRPC, http protocols and all the technologies that let two computers talk to each other.\nIf all you're interested in is web apps, learning network programming won't benefit you a whole lot.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":5357140,"CreationDate":"2011-03-18T19:49:00.000","Title":"benefits of learning python network programming?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was looking at a book on python network programming and i wanted to know what would be the benefits to learning python network programming comprehensively? This would be in the context of being able to develop some really cool, ground breaking web apps. I am a python newbe so all opinions woul be appreciated.\nKind Regards\n4 Years later:\nThis was 4yrs ago, its crazy how much I've grown as a developer. Regarding how it has helped,  I've developed an email application, a chat application using Objective C, python Twisted on the server side, it also helped with developing my apns push notification pipeline.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2411,"Q_Id":5357103,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"\"python network programming\" isn't any special kind of network programming. It sounds like if you had a better grasp on network programming you would be able to see where python would fit in to your overall design. And instead of reading a generic book about it, you would dig through the python API's and go from there.\nThe cool thing about python is that it's a huge collection of libraries which are optimized to  each task. At work we use python to do all our server-side heavy lifting. We then use jquery and the Objective-J based Cappuccino to present an interface to the user.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":5359594,"CreationDate":"2011-03-18T19:49:00.000","Title":"benefits of learning python network programming?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was looking at a book on python network programming and i wanted to know what would be the benefits to learning python network programming comprehensively? This would be in the context of being able to develop some really cool, ground breaking web apps. I am a python newbe so all opinions woul be appreciated.\nKind Regards\n4 Years later:\nThis was 4yrs ago, its crazy how much I've grown as a developer. Regarding how it has helped,  I've developed an email application, a chat application using Objective C, python Twisted on the server side, it also helped with developing my apns push notification pipeline.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2411,"Q_Id":5357103,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Python's stronger web tool is definitely Django.\nSaid that the biggest benefit of learning it is to achieve a pretty robust backend on your web project.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":62314047,"CreationDate":"2011-03-18T19:49:00.000","Title":"benefits of learning python network programming?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In an embedded device, What is a practical amount time to allow idle HTTP connections to stay open?\nI know back in the olden days of the net circa 1999 internet chat rooms would sometimes just hold the connection open and send replies as they came in. Idle timeouts and session length of HTTP connections needed to be longer in those days...\nHow about today with ajax and such?\nREASONING: I am writing a transparent proxy for an embedded system with low memory. I am looking for ways to prevent DoS attacks.\nMy guess would be 3 minutes, or 1 minute. The system has extremely limited RAM and it's okay if it breaks rare and unpopular sites.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3087,"Q_Id":5360603,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"How about allowing idle HTTP connections to remain open unless another communication request comes in?  If a connection is open and no one else is trying to communicate, the open connection won't hurt anything.  If someone else does try to communicate, send a FIN+ACK to the first connection and open the second.  Many http clients will attempt to receive multiple files using the same connection if possible, but can reconnect between files if necessary.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"http,memory-management,timeout,python-idle","A_Id":5398935,"CreationDate":"2011-03-19T06:38:00.000","Title":"In-practice ideal timeout length for idle HTTP connections","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In an embedded device, What is a practical amount time to allow idle HTTP connections to stay open?\nI know back in the olden days of the net circa 1999 internet chat rooms would sometimes just hold the connection open and send replies as they came in. Idle timeouts and session length of HTTP connections needed to be longer in those days...\nHow about today with ajax and such?\nREASONING: I am writing a transparent proxy for an embedded system with low memory. I am looking for ways to prevent DoS attacks.\nMy guess would be 3 minutes, or 1 minute. The system has extremely limited RAM and it's okay if it breaks rare and unpopular sites.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3087,"Q_Id":5360603,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"In the old days (about 2000), an idle timeout was up to 5 minutes standard. These days it tends to be 5 seconds to 50 seconds. Apache's default is 5 seconds. With some special apps defaulting to 120 seconds.\nSo my assumption is, that with AJAX, long held-open HTTP connections are no longer needed.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"http,memory-management,timeout,python-idle","A_Id":5381626,"CreationDate":"2011-03-19T06:38:00.000","Title":"In-practice ideal timeout length for idle HTTP connections","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I execute multiple test simultaneously, i don't want to keep Firefox browser window visible.. I can minimize it using selenium.minimizeWindow() but I don't want to do it.\nIs there any way to hide Firefox window? I am using FireFox WebDriver.","AnswerCount":14,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.057080742,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":103080,"Q_Id":5370762,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"If you're using Selenium RC or Remote WebDriver then you can run the browser instance on a remote, or virtual machine. This means that you shouldn't have to worry about hiding the browser windows as they won't be launching on your local machine.","Q_Score":51,"Tags":"python,selenium,firefox,webdriver","A_Id":5371496,"CreationDate":"2011-03-20T19:10:00.000","Title":"How to hide Firefox window (Selenium WebDriver)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I execute multiple test simultaneously, i don't want to keep Firefox browser window visible.. I can minimize it using selenium.minimizeWindow() but I don't want to do it.\nIs there any way to hide Firefox window? I am using FireFox WebDriver.","AnswerCount":14,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0428309231,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":103080,"Q_Id":5370762,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If you are using KDE Desktop, you can make Firefox Windows to be initially opened being minimized. That made my day to me regarding this problem. Just do the following:\n\nOpen Firefox\nClick on the Firefox icon on the top left corner of the menu bar -> Advanced -> Special Application Settings...\nGo to the \"Size & Position\" tab.\nClick on \"Minimized\" and choose \"Apply Initially\" (YES).\n\nThese settings will apply for new Firefox windows from now on and you will not be bothered with pop-ups anymore when running tests with Webdriver.","Q_Score":51,"Tags":"python,selenium,firefox,webdriver","A_Id":13800788,"CreationDate":"2011-03-20T19:10:00.000","Title":"How to hide Firefox window (Selenium WebDriver)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I execute multiple test simultaneously, i don't want to keep Firefox browser window visible.. I can minimize it using selenium.minimizeWindow() but I don't want to do it.\nIs there any way to hide Firefox window? I am using FireFox WebDriver.","AnswerCount":14,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0142847425,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":103080,"Q_Id":5370762,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"in options (Firefox options, chrome options )\nset boolean headless to true by calling set_headless method.","Q_Score":51,"Tags":"python,selenium,firefox,webdriver","A_Id":54567508,"CreationDate":"2011-03-20T19:10:00.000","Title":"How to hide Firefox window (Selenium WebDriver)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Pythons SocketServer.ThreadingTCPServer. Now I want to know how many clients are connected at a certain moment.\nHow to solve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4268,"Q_Id":5370778,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In a thread that \"serves\" client use some global count that is increased when client connects and decreased when disconnects.\nIf you want to count from OS level then use nestat -an with proper grep filter and wc -l (on Windows uses ports of grep and wc)","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,tcp,network-programming","A_Id":5370827,"CreationDate":"2011-03-20T19:12:00.000","Title":"How to count connected clients in TCPServer?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There are many ways to read XML, both all-at-once (DOM) and one-bit-at-a-time (SAX). I have used SAX or lxml to iteratively read large XML files (e.g. wikipedia dump which is 6.5GB compressed).\nHowever after doing some iterative processing (in python using ElementTree) of that XML file, I want to write out the (new) XML data to another file.\nAre there any libraries to iteratively write out XML data? I could create the XML tree and then write it out, but that is not possible without oodles of ram. Is there anyway to write the XML tree to a file iteratively? One bit at a time?\nI know I could generate the XML myself with print \"<%s>\" % tag_name, etc., but that seems a bit... hacky.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1840,"Q_Id":5377980,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you're reading in XML dialect1, and have to write XML dialect2, wouldn't it be a good idea to write down the conversion process using xslt?  You may not even need any source code that way.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,memory","A_Id":5378220,"CreationDate":"2011-03-21T13:06:00.000","Title":"Iteratively write XML nodes in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There are many ways to read XML, both all-at-once (DOM) and one-bit-at-a-time (SAX). I have used SAX or lxml to iteratively read large XML files (e.g. wikipedia dump which is 6.5GB compressed).\nHowever after doing some iterative processing (in python using ElementTree) of that XML file, I want to write out the (new) XML data to another file.\nAre there any libraries to iteratively write out XML data? I could create the XML tree and then write it out, but that is not possible without oodles of ram. Is there anyway to write the XML tree to a file iteratively? One bit at a time?\nI know I could generate the XML myself with print \"<%s>\" % tag_name, etc., but that seems a bit... hacky.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1840,"Q_Id":5377980,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you don't find anything else, what I'd prefer here is to inherit from ElementTree and create a \"iteractiveElementTree\", adding to it a \"file\" attribute. I'd subclasse the nodes to have a \"start_tag_comitted\" attribute and a \"commit\" method. Upon being called, this \"commit\" method would call the render method for a subtree - starting from the fartest parent where e\"start_tag_comitted\" is false. With the string in hand I'd manually strip the closing tags for the parents of the current node. There is the need to handle the previously oppened but not closed parent siblings as well. \nThen, I'd remove the  \"commited\" node from the memory model.\nYou will need to anotate node parents to each node as well, as ElementTree does not do that.\n(Write me if there are no better answers an dyou get stuck there, I could implement this)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,memory","A_Id":5378261,"CreationDate":"2011-03-21T13:06:00.000","Title":"Iteratively write XML nodes in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When parsing an xml file into a Python ElementTree the attributes' order is mixed up because Python stores the attributes in a dictionary.\nHow can I change the order of the attributes in the dictionary?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4248,"Q_Id":5381296,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"XML does not define any ordering of attributes of a node. So the behavior is fine.\nIf you make assumptions about the ordering of attributes then your assumptions are wrong.\nThere is no ordering and you must not expect any kind of attribute ordering. So your question is invalid.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,xml,elementtree","A_Id":5381347,"CreationDate":"2011-03-21T17:25:00.000","Title":"How to order xml element attributes in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When parsing an xml file into a Python ElementTree the attributes' order is mixed up because Python stores the attributes in a dictionary.\nHow can I change the order of the attributes in the dictionary?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4248,"Q_Id":5381296,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can not change the order of attributes internally in the dictionary.  This is impossible unless you do some fancy hacking.\nThe solution therefore, is to manually access the attributes in the order you want them, or create a list of the keys\/items and sort that the way you want.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,xml,elementtree","A_Id":5399912,"CreationDate":"2011-03-21T17:25:00.000","Title":"How to order xml element attributes in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i have quite a lot of experience with python and gst-python, but no experience with plain gstreamer.\ndoes anyone know (well, someone on earth probably does but...) how to create a custom element? i got as far as\nclass MyElement(Element):\nby intuition, but i have no idea what next...\nsimply what i was hoping for was a \"replace this function with the thing you want to happen to every unit that this element is passed\", but i am pretty certain that it will be FAR more complicated than that....","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1272,"Q_Id":5382305,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're creating a source element, you probably want to subclass gst.BaseSrc. Then, IIRC, the main thing you need to do is implement the do_create() virtual method. Don't forget to gobject.type_register() your class; you may also need to set the time format using set_format().\nI second the recommendation to look at the Pitivi source code; it contains several GStreamer elements implemented in Python.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,gstreamer","A_Id":8164493,"CreationDate":"2011-03-21T19:00:00.000","Title":"How to make a custom element im gst-python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Greetings!\nSo I'm creating a Python script that will when finished be compiled with Shedskin. Currently we do a little FTP work in this script so we import the ftplib module. When I attempt to compile it with Shedskin we get the error back saying that there is no '_socket' file in our Python2.6 installation on Ubuntu. I've checked myself in the '\/usr\/lib\/python2.6\/lib-dynload' dir to confirm that yes there isn't any file entitled '_socket.so' present in that folder.\nI've tried reinstalling the python2.6 package in Synaptic but to no avail.\nWhat should I do?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":501,"Q_Id":5422714,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Look for shdeskin supported library modules in\n\/usr\/lib\/python2.6\/site-packages\/shedskin\/lib\/.\nMy Fedora installation of shdeskin 0.7 does not include ftplib.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,ftp","A_Id":5423202,"CreationDate":"2011-03-24T16:57:00.000","Title":"Python: _socket.so","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using Google Appengine running the Python GDATA setup. I'm a member of the volunteer programming team for DPAU, which runs on Google Apps Education and has a Google Appengine running Python with help from the GDATA library.\nI'm using the create_site function in the SitesClient class. I know there is an input called uri= but when I pass it through it always comes back as Invalid Request URI.\nAlso, Google's docs suggest the URI field is intended to be used for adding a site to a different domain. I want it on my normal domain (dpau.org) but I want to specify the url of the site because that's important. www.dpau.org\/IWantThisURL\nentry = client.create_site(orgName, description=orgDescription, source_site='https:\/\/sites.google.com\/feeds\/site\/dpau.org\/org', uri='https:\/\/sites.google.com\/feeds\/site\/dpau.org\/title-for-my-site')\nI shall be very grateful for any help you can provide to us. I'm a bit of a newbie at python :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":132,"Q_Id":5426967,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The initial site URL is determined by the site name, using a simple stripping algorithm (all lowercase, no spaces or special chars except - I believe)\nChange this into a two-step process:\n\ncreate the site using a munged name that corresponds to the URL you want\nupdate the site title, which retains the URL but updates the pretty title\n\nDone :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-apps,gdata-api,gdata","A_Id":6580459,"CreationDate":"2011-03-24T23:46:00.000","Title":"Can a create a site with a custom URI in Google Sites with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can i load a specific content from a website through python?For example,i want to load some posts of a blog and appear them to my own site.How can i do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4342,"Q_Id":5434520,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"urllib and urllib2 will let you load the raw HTML. HTML parsers such as BeautifulSoup and lxml will let you parse the raw HTML so you can get at the sections you care about. Template engines such as Mako, Cheetah, etc. will let you generate HTML so that you can have web pages to display.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,load","A_Id":5434558,"CreationDate":"2011-03-25T15:24:00.000","Title":"Load website's content through python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does anyone know how to write a live data sniffer in Python which extracts the originating IP address and the full URL that was being accessed? I have looked at pulling data from urlsnarf however IPv6 is not supported (and the connections will be to IPv6 hosts).\nWhile I can pull data from tcpdump and greping for GET\/POST that would leave me with simply the path on the webserver, and I would not obtain the associated FQDN. Unfortunately using SQUID w\/ IPv6 TPROXY is not an option due to the configuration of the environment.\nDoes anyone have any ideas on how to do this with Python bindings for libpcap? Your help would be most appreciated :)\nThanks :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1843,"Q_Id":5436185,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Unfortunately, with IPv6 you are stuck doing your own TCP re-assembly. The good news that you are only concerned with URL data which should (generally) be in one or two packets.\nYou should be able to get away with using pylibpcap to do this. You'll want to use setfilter  on your pcap object to make sure you are only looking at TCP traffic. As you move forward in your pcap loop you'll apply some HTTP regular expressions to the payload. If you have what looks like HTTP traffic go ahead and try to parse the header to get at the URL data. Hopefully, you'll get full URL with a line break before the end of the packet. If not, you are going to have to do some lightweight TCP reassembly.\nOh, and you'll want to use socket.inet_ntop and socket.getaddrinfo to print out info about the IPv6 host.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,url,ipv6,libpcap,sniffing","A_Id":5446765,"CreationDate":"2011-03-25T17:49:00.000","Title":"URL Sniffing in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a client-server simulation software. And I want the client to be implemented on the web, and also require that the client can do computations like matrix multiplication, random number generation etc., which framework can I use? And also I hope that the client side and server side communicate using simple socket, because the server code is implemented with c++. Any suggestions are really appreciated!! \nThanks \nSimon","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":396,"Q_Id":5447104,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Matrix manipulation is in NumPy. Everything else listed in in the standard library. You may want to look into something like Twisted in order to mediate the network access though.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c++,python","A_Id":5447117,"CreationDate":"2011-03-27T03:56:00.000","Title":"Python web client programming library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to send an email (through gmail) using python script that someone once wrote on this site, but I'm getting an error:\nUnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xe8 in position 2: invalid continuation byte\nthe script:\n\n\nimport smtplib\nfrom email.mime.text import MIMEText\n#mail setup\nFROMMAIL = \"xxx@gmail.com\"\nLOGIN    = FROMMAIL\nPASSWORD = \"yyy\"\nSUBJECT  = \"test subject\"\nTOMAIL  = \"xxx@gmail.com\"\n\nmsg = MIMEText('testcontent')\nmsg['Subject'] = 'test'\nmsg['From'] = FROMMAIL\nmsg['To'] = TOMAIL\nserver = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)\nserver.set_debuglevel(1)\nserver.ehlo()\nserver.starttls()\nserver.login(LOGIN, PASSWORD)\nserver.sendmail(FROMMAIL, [TOMAIL], msg.as_string())\nserver.quit()\n\n\nThe stacktrace:\n\n\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"C:\\Users\\xxx\\Desktop\\test.py\", line 11, in \n    server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)\n  File \"C:\\Program Files\\Python31\\lib\\smtplib.py\", line 248, in __init__\n    fqdn = socket.getfqdn()\n  File \"C:\\Program Files\\Python31\\lib\\socket.py\", line 290, in getfqdn\n    name = gethostname()\nUnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xe8 in position 2: invalid continuation byte\n\n\nI am using python v3.1.3.\nHow to resolve this?\nThank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":548,"Q_Id":5449084,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use the 'email' module of Python in order to generate proper formatted emails.\nDealing yourself with encoding issues on the application level while composing emails directly through Python is not the way to go.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,unicode,gmail,decode","A_Id":5449108,"CreationDate":"2011-03-27T12:03:00.000","Title":"Python : sending mail through gmail issue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wanted to know if this was possible- I want to use Python to retweet every tweet a person sends out. If yes then how can I implement this?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4449,"Q_Id":5449091,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The newest version of python-twitter allows you to retweet with the command\napi.PostRetweet(tweet_id)\nwhere api is a logged-in api and tweet_id is the id of the tweet you want to retweet.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":16450651,"CreationDate":"2011-03-27T12:05:00.000","Title":"Sending out twitter retweets with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"in python,can i load a module from remote server to local?\nwhat i do this is want to protect my source code.\nwhat should i do ,thanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5926,"Q_Id":5470161,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, you can import your code in creative ways.\nNo, it will not protect the code from being seen. Rethink your strategy, not tactics.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,module,load","A_Id":5471112,"CreationDate":"2011-03-29T09:04:00.000","Title":"python can load modules from remote server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way of using webdriverbackedselenium in python, as in\n\nselenium =\n  webdriverbackedselenium(driver,\"http:\/\/www.google.com\")","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":636,"Q_Id":5475154,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In the meantime, one could manually write wrapper class that routes Selenium RC calls to WebDriver equivalent. I did some work on that for PHP, it's not that hard, though not all functions can be ported, but a majority can. And the process is similar across languages in terms of code flow \/ algorithm to wrap the calls.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,webdriver,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":8529382,"CreationDate":"2011-03-29T15:38:00.000","Title":"webdriverbackedselenium in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a messaging solution out there (preferably supporting Python) that I can use like a mailbox, e.g. retrieve messages from any given queue without having to subscribe? I suppose message queues could work, but I would have to repeatedly subscribe, grab messages from the queue, then unsubscribe, which does not sound optimal.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":423,"Q_Id":5482097,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Most (if not all) Messaging solutions support two modes of messaging\n\nPublish \\ Subscribe -that is, you need to subscribe to get the message.\nQueuing - one party sends a message to the queue, the other reads the message from the Queue - no subscription needed, and the message is consumed when it's read.\n\nActually, standard Queuing is more common then publish subscribe - you have better chances of finding a tool that supports queuing, but not pub\\sub, then find a tool that supports pub\\sub but not queuing.\nYou are probably looking for the 2nd mode","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,scalability,message-queue,messaging","A_Id":5483282,"CreationDate":"2011-03-30T05:05:00.000","Title":"Protocol for retrieving and publishing messages (message queues without the pub\/sub)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way of converting the python socket object to a void pointer. I am using ctypes and I have tried using cast and the conversion functions of python. \nI am also using a DLL and there is a function which takes structure as its argument.\nBut when i pass the structure to the function I am getting invalid parameters as error.\nIs there any drawback in using python for C DLL's created on C which take C type parameters?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":203,"Q_Id":5496253,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no good reason to convert a socket to a pointer. You can use socket.fileno() to get the socket's file descriptor which should be usable in C code.\nIf your library expects a pointer, you might need to wrap it with a ctypes struct - but without knowing details we can't tell.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":5496296,"CreationDate":"2011-03-31T06:55:00.000","Title":"PYTHON Sockets and structure","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have around 10 odd sites that I wish to scrape from. A couple of them are wordpress blogs and they follow the same html structure, albeit with different classes. The others are either forums or blogs of other formats.\nThe information I like to scrape is common - the post content, the timestamp, the author, title and the comments.\nMy question is, do i have to create one separate spider for each domain? If not, how can I create a generic spider that allows me scrape by loading options from a configuration file or something similar?\nI figured I could load the xpath expressions from a file which location can be loaded via command line but there seems to be some difficulties when scraping for some domain requires that I use regex select(expression_here).re(regex) while some do not.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3829,"Q_Id":5497268,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use a empty allowed_domains attribute to instruct scrapy not to filter any offsite request. But in that case you must be careful and only return relevant requests from your spider.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":8621234,"CreationDate":"2011-03-31T08:44:00.000","Title":"what is the best way to scrape multiple domains with scrapy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have around 10 odd sites that I wish to scrape from. A couple of them are wordpress blogs and they follow the same html structure, albeit with different classes. The others are either forums or blogs of other formats.\nThe information I like to scrape is common - the post content, the timestamp, the author, title and the comments.\nMy question is, do i have to create one separate spider for each domain? If not, how can I create a generic spider that allows me scrape by loading options from a configuration file or something similar?\nI figured I could load the xpath expressions from a file which location can be loaded via command line but there seems to be some difficulties when scraping for some domain requires that I use regex select(expression_here).re(regex) while some do not.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3829,"Q_Id":5497268,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should use BeautifulSoup especially if you're using Python. It enables you to find elements in the page, and extract text using regular expressions.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":5508257,"CreationDate":"2011-03-31T08:44:00.000","Title":"what is the best way to scrape multiple domains with scrapy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have around 10 odd sites that I wish to scrape from. A couple of them are wordpress blogs and they follow the same html structure, albeit with different classes. The others are either forums or blogs of other formats.\nThe information I like to scrape is common - the post content, the timestamp, the author, title and the comments.\nMy question is, do i have to create one separate spider for each domain? If not, how can I create a generic spider that allows me scrape by loading options from a configuration file or something similar?\nI figured I could load the xpath expressions from a file which location can be loaded via command line but there seems to be some difficulties when scraping for some domain requires that I use regex select(expression_here).re(regex) while some do not.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3829,"Q_Id":5497268,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I do sort of the same thing using the following XPath expressions:\n\n'\/html\/head\/title\/text()' for the title\n\/\/p[string-length(text()) > 150]\/text() for the post content.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":6232758,"CreationDate":"2011-03-31T08:44:00.000","Title":"what is the best way to scrape multiple domains with scrapy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've got a python crawler crawling a few webpages every few minutes. I'm now trying to implement a user interface to be accessed over the web and to display the data obtained by the crawler. I'm going to use php\/html for the interface. Anyway, the user interface needs some sort of button which triggers the crawler to crawl a specific website straight away (and not wait for the next crawl iteration).\nNow, is there a way of sending data from the php script to the running python script? I was thinking about standard input\/output, but could not find a way this can be done (writing from one process to another process stdin). Then I was thinking about using a shared file which php writes into and python reads from. But then I would need some way to let the python script know, that new data has been written to the file and a way to let the php script know when the crawler has finished its task. Another way would be sockets - but then I think, this would be a bit over the top and not as simple as possible.\nDo you have any suggestions to keep everything as simple as possible but still allowing me to send data from a php script to a running python process?\nThanks in advance for any ideas!\nEdit: I should note, that the crawler saves the obtained data into a sql database, which php can access. So passing data from the python crawler to the php script is no problem. It's the other way round.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1079,"Q_Id":5499558,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Since i don't know too much about how python works just treat this like a wild idea.\n\nCreate an XML on your server which is accessible by both of python and PHP\nOn the PHP side you can insert new nodes to this XML about new urls with a processed=false flag\nPython come and see for unprocessed tasks then fetch data and put sources onto your db\nAfter successful fetching, toggle the processed flag\nWhen next time PHP touch this XML, delete nodes with processed=true attributes\n\nHope it helps you in some way.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,stdout,stdin,web-crawler","A_Id":5499681,"CreationDate":"2011-03-31T12:06:00.000","Title":"Passing Data to a Python Web Crawler from PHP Script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've got a python crawler crawling a few webpages every few minutes. I'm now trying to implement a user interface to be accessed over the web and to display the data obtained by the crawler. I'm going to use php\/html for the interface. Anyway, the user interface needs some sort of button which triggers the crawler to crawl a specific website straight away (and not wait for the next crawl iteration).\nNow, is there a way of sending data from the php script to the running python script? I was thinking about standard input\/output, but could not find a way this can be done (writing from one process to another process stdin). Then I was thinking about using a shared file which php writes into and python reads from. But then I would need some way to let the python script know, that new data has been written to the file and a way to let the php script know when the crawler has finished its task. Another way would be sockets - but then I think, this would be a bit over the top and not as simple as possible.\nDo you have any suggestions to keep everything as simple as possible but still allowing me to send data from a php script to a running python process?\nThanks in advance for any ideas!\nEdit: I should note, that the crawler saves the obtained data into a sql database, which php can access. So passing data from the python crawler to the php script is no problem. It's the other way round.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1079,"Q_Id":5499558,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Best possible way to remove dependencies of working with different languages is to use a message queuing library (like rabbitMQ or ActiveMQ)\nBy using this you can send direct messages from php to python or vice versa...\nIf you want an easy way out you need to modify your python script(more on the lines of what fabrik said) to poll a database(or a file) for any new jobs...and process it if it finds one...","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,stdout,stdin,web-crawler","A_Id":5500025,"CreationDate":"2011-03-31T12:06:00.000","Title":"Passing Data to a Python Web Crawler from PHP Script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I get plain text (stripped of HTML) from inside a any tag with the class name of calendardescription given a URL in python? Matching text in different tags should also be separated by a blank line. This is for text to speech purposes.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":5508314,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"look in the direction of beautiful soup.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":5508324,"CreationDate":"2011-04-01T01:30:00.000","Title":"How can I get plain text from within a HTML class given a URL in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In Python, is there a way to check if a string is valid JSON before trying to parse it?  \nFor example working with things like the Facebook Graph API, sometimes it returns JSON, sometimes it could return an image file.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":268500,"Q_Id":5508509,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I would say parsing it is the only way you can really entirely tell. Exception will be raised by python's json.loads() function (almost certainly) if not the correct format. However, the the purposes of your example you can probably just check the first couple of non-whitespace characters...\nI'm not familiar with the JSON that facebook sends back, but most JSON strings from web apps will start with a open square [ or curly { bracket. No images formats I know of start with those characters. \nConversely if you know what image formats might show up, you can check the start of the string for their signatures to identify images, and assume you have JSON if it's not an image. \nAnother simple hack to identify a graphic, rather than a text string, in the case you're looking for a graphic, is just to test for non-ASCII characters in the first couple of dozen characters of the string (assuming the JSON is ASCII).","Q_Score":246,"Tags":"python,json","A_Id":5508597,"CreationDate":"2011-04-01T02:16:00.000","Title":"How do I check if a string is valid JSON in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was wondering if it is possible to implement a web based game in python. I have searched the internet and cannot seem to find any tutorial or document pointing to this. Any advice will be appreciated..","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10562,"Q_Id":5522809,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Of course it is. But without more information on what type of game it is impossible to provide further guidance.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web,client-side,server-side","A_Id":5522817,"CreationDate":"2011-04-02T11:18:00.000","Title":"python web based game","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was wondering if it is possible to implement a web based game in python. I have searched the internet and cannot seem to find any tutorial or document pointing to this. Any advice will be appreciated..","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10562,"Q_Id":5522809,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Python can be used in a variety of ways for developing web games. In particular, it can be very useful for doing the back-end of a multiplayer game. For the front-end you will probably need to use a client-side technology like Flash, but there have been turn-based games that simply use static HTML as the front-end (for example, Urban Dead) and that could be implemented in Python alone without a separate client-side technology.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web,client-side,server-side","A_Id":5558715,"CreationDate":"2011-04-02T11:18:00.000","Title":"python web based game","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using Python, I built a scraper for an ASP.NET site (specifically a Jenzabar course searching portlet) that would create a new session, load the first search page, then simulate a search by posting back the required fields. However, something changed, and I can't figure out what, and now I get HTTP 500 responses to everything. There are no new fields in the browser's POST data that I can see.\nI would ideally like to figure out how to fix my own scraper, but that is probably difficult to ask about on StackOverflow without including a ton of specific context, so I was wondering if there was a way to treat the page as a black box and just fire click events on the postback links I want, then get the HTML of the result.\nI saw some answers on here about scraping with JavaScript, but they mostly seem to focus on waiting for javascript to load and then returning a normalized representation of the page. I want to simulate the browser actually clicking on the links and following the same path to execute the request.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2041,"Q_Id":5532541,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are just trying to simulate load, you might want to check out something like selenium, which runs through a browser and handles postbacks like a browser does.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,asp.net,python,screen-scraping","A_Id":5532871,"CreationDate":"2011-04-03T21:09:00.000","Title":"How can I scrape an ASP.NET site that does all interaction as postbacks?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Using Python, I built a scraper for an ASP.NET site (specifically a Jenzabar course searching portlet) that would create a new session, load the first search page, then simulate a search by posting back the required fields. However, something changed, and I can't figure out what, and now I get HTTP 500 responses to everything. There are no new fields in the browser's POST data that I can see.\nI would ideally like to figure out how to fix my own scraper, but that is probably difficult to ask about on StackOverflow without including a ton of specific context, so I was wondering if there was a way to treat the page as a black box and just fire click events on the postback links I want, then get the HTML of the result.\nI saw some answers on here about scraping with JavaScript, but they mostly seem to focus on waiting for javascript to load and then returning a normalized representation of the page. I want to simulate the browser actually clicking on the links and following the same path to execute the request.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2041,"Q_Id":5532541,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Without knowing any specifics, my hunch is that you are using a hardcoded session id and the web server's app domain recycled and created new encryption\/decryption keys, rendering your hardcoded session id (which was encrypted by the old keys) useless.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,asp.net,python,screen-scraping","A_Id":5532579,"CreationDate":"2011-04-03T21:09:00.000","Title":"How can I scrape an ASP.NET site that does all interaction as postbacks?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Using Python, I built a scraper for an ASP.NET site (specifically a Jenzabar course searching portlet) that would create a new session, load the first search page, then simulate a search by posting back the required fields. However, something changed, and I can't figure out what, and now I get HTTP 500 responses to everything. There are no new fields in the browser's POST data that I can see.\nI would ideally like to figure out how to fix my own scraper, but that is probably difficult to ask about on StackOverflow without including a ton of specific context, so I was wondering if there was a way to treat the page as a black box and just fire click events on the postback links I want, then get the HTML of the result.\nI saw some answers on here about scraping with JavaScript, but they mostly seem to focus on waiting for javascript to load and then returning a normalized representation of the page. I want to simulate the browser actually clicking on the links and following the same path to execute the request.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2041,"Q_Id":5532541,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could try using Firebugs NET tab to monitor all requests, browse around manually and then diff the requests that you generate with ones that your screen scraper is generating.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,asp.net,python,screen-scraping","A_Id":5532627,"CreationDate":"2011-04-03T21:09:00.000","Title":"How can I scrape an ASP.NET site that does all interaction as postbacks?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I made a little parser using HTMLparser and I would like to know where a link is redirected. I don't know how to explain this, so please look this example:\nOn my page I have a link on the source: http:\/\/www.myweb.com?out=147, which redirects to http:\/\/www.mylink.com. I can parse http:\/\/www.myweb.com?out=147 without any problems, but I don't know how to get http:\/\/www.mylink.com.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8180,"Q_Id":5538280,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can not get hold of the redirection URL through parsing the HTML source code. \nRedirections are triggered by the server and NOT by the client. You need to perform a HTTP request to the related URL and check the HTTP response of the server - in particular for the HTTP status code 304 (Redirection) and the new URL.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,parsing,redirect","A_Id":5538415,"CreationDate":"2011-04-04T12:14:00.000","Title":"Determining redirected URL in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using the universal feed parser library in python to get an atom feed. This atom feed has been generated using google reader after bundling several subscriptions. \nI am able to receive the latest feeds, however the feedparser.parse(url) returns a FeedParserDict which doesnot have the etag or modified values. I unable to just check for the latest feeds because of this. \nDoes google reader send an etag value? if yes why isn't the feedparser returning it?\n~Vijay","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":203,"Q_Id":5552049,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The Google Reader API does not support ETags or If-Modified-Since. However, it does support an ot=<timestamp in seconds since the epoch> parameter which you can use to restrict fetched data to items since you last attempted a fetch.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,atom-feed,google-reader","A_Id":5554213,"CreationDate":"2011-04-05T12:46:00.000","Title":"getting etag from 'google reader bundle' feed using universal feed parser in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to monitor day-to-day prices from an online catalogue.\nThe site uses HTTPS and generates the catalogue pages with javascript.  How can i interface with the site and make it generate the pages I need?\nI have done this with other sites where the HTML can easily be accessed, I have no problem parseing the HTML once generated.\nI only know Python and Java.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9750,"Q_Id":5561950,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If they've created a Web API that their JavaScript interfaces with, you might be able to scrape that directly, rather than trying to go the HTML route.\nIf they've obfuscated it or that option isn't available for some other reason, you'll basically need a Web browser to evaluate the JavaScript and then scrap the browser's DOM. Perhaps write a browser plugin?","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"java,javascript,python,https,web-scraping","A_Id":5561974,"CreationDate":"2011-04-06T05:41:00.000","Title":"How to scrape HTTPS javascript web pages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Due to paranoid Sharepoint administrators we have the need clone an existing list over the SOAP API ourselves..Is there an (easy) way to accomplish this? We already have a Python based API for accessing the list items and field descriptions over SOAP - I am not sure if this is enough for create a 1:1 copy ourselves...is there a better more straight forward way?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":242,"Q_Id":5568942,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is not an \"easy\" way to do this.  You would have to retrieve the schema from the web service, and modify it before instantiating it somewhere else.  It depends a bit on where the clone operation is destined, but you will have to change the schema in some way to some degree, regardless of the destination.  \nBeyond that, it depends on how customized the list is.  If you are using custom content types, you'll have to clone them as well, with all the same difficulties.  If it has custom views, you'll have to do the same trick with them.  If you have custom forms for your views, I think you're hosed.  I don't know of any way to get those forms from the web service interface.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sharepoint,soap,sharepoint-2010","A_Id":5569326,"CreationDate":"2011-04-06T15:30:00.000","Title":"Cloning a list (definition and items) over SOAP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For the work I am currently doing I need similar functionality as Bittorrent, only difference is I need to do some sort of extra analysis on every block received by client from peers. Though I am fairly new with Python, I found official Bittorrent client source code easy to understand (as compared to Transmission's C source code). But I can't seem to figure out the part in the source code where it deals\/handles every block received.\nIt'd be great if anyone, who is acquainted with Bittorrent official client source code (or Transmission), can provide me some pointers for the same.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":168,"Q_Id":5579047,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For Transmission, try looking at libtransmission\/peer-mgr.c for code specific to each type of message received from a particular peer. This file represents the peer manager and all communication with it.\nIt uses libtransmission\/peer-msgs.c for handling the exact messages.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,c,bittorrent","A_Id":5582728,"CreationDate":"2011-04-07T09:42:00.000","Title":"Block handling in bittorent","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I make a PHP 5.3 webserver using Python? \nI know how to make a simple HTTP server, but how can I include PHP?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1908,"Q_Id":5591230,"Users Score":-3,"Answer":"After some clarifications at last it came clear that your question was\n\"how to connect PHP to HTTP server\"\nSo, actually you were interested in three letters: CGI.\nHowever I still doubt you will get any good from it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python","A_Id":5591381,"CreationDate":"2011-04-08T06:20:00.000","Title":"PHP Webserver in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know I can get Selenium 2's webdriver to run JavaScript and get return values but so much asynchronous stuff is happening I would like JavaScript to talk to Selenium instead of the other way around. I have done some searching and haven't found anything like this. Do people just generally use implicitly_wait? That seems likely to fail since it's not possible to time everything? Perfect example would be to let Selenium know when an XHR completed or an asynchronous animation with undetermined execution time.\nIs this possible? We're using Selenium 2 with Python on Saucelabs.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3988,"Q_Id":5600048,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Testing animation with selenium is opening a can of worms. The tests can be quite brittle and cause many false positives.\nThe problem is to do that the calls are asynchronous, and difficult to track the behaviour and change in state of the page.\nIn my experience the asynchronous call can be so quick that the spinner is never displayed, and the state of the page may skip a state entirely (that Selenium can detect).\nWaiting for the state of the page to transition can make the tests less brittle, however the false positives cannot be removed entirely.\nI recommend manual testing for animation.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"javascript,python,asynchronous,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":16048919,"CreationDate":"2011-04-08T19:43:00.000","Title":"Can JavaScript talk to Selenium 2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know I can get Selenium 2's webdriver to run JavaScript and get return values but so much asynchronous stuff is happening I would like JavaScript to talk to Selenium instead of the other way around. I have done some searching and haven't found anything like this. Do people just generally use implicitly_wait? That seems likely to fail since it's not possible to time everything? Perfect example would be to let Selenium know when an XHR completed or an asynchronous animation with undetermined execution time.\nIs this possible? We're using Selenium 2 with Python on Saucelabs.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3988,"Q_Id":5600048,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Not to be overly blunt, but if you want your App to talk to your Test Runner, then you're doing it wrong.\nIf you need to wait for an XHR to finish, you could try displaying a spinner and then test that the spinner has disappeared to indicate a successful request.\nIn regards to the animation, when the animation has completed, maybe its callback could add a class indicating that the animation has finished and then you could test for the existence of that class.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"javascript,python,asynchronous,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":5600229,"CreationDate":"2011-04-08T19:43:00.000","Title":"Can JavaScript talk to Selenium 2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know I can get Selenium 2's webdriver to run JavaScript and get return values but so much asynchronous stuff is happening I would like JavaScript to talk to Selenium instead of the other way around. I have done some searching and haven't found anything like this. Do people just generally use implicitly_wait? That seems likely to fail since it's not possible to time everything? Perfect example would be to let Selenium know when an XHR completed or an asynchronous animation with undetermined execution time.\nIs this possible? We're using Selenium 2 with Python on Saucelabs.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3988,"Q_Id":5600048,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Theoretically it is possible, but I would advise against it.\nThe solution would probably have some jQuery running on the site that sets a variable to true when the JavaScript processing has finished.\nSet selenium up to loop through a getEval until this variable becomes true and then do something in Selenium.\nIt would meet your requirements but it's a really bad idea.  If for some reason your jQuery doesn't set the trigger variable to true (or whatever state you expect) Selenium will sit there indefinetly.  You could put a really long timeout on it, but then what would be the different in just getting Selenium to do a getEval and wait for a specific element to appear?\nIt sounds like you are trying to overengineer your solution and it will cause you more pain in the future will very few additional benefits.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"javascript,python,asynchronous,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":5627924,"CreationDate":"2011-04-08T19:43:00.000","Title":"Can JavaScript talk to Selenium 2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Braintree's transparent redirect works beautifully, I don't have to pass any credit card info through my servers, and I'd like to keep it this way. My question is what is the preferred method to allow returning customers to use vaulted credit card\/billing information? Credit card token is a protected field, so it cannot be submitted by the customer via an option field. Instead, I need to specify credit card token before generating the transaction data field. The problem with this is twofold, 1. handling disabled javascript if I were to attempt some AJAX and 2. forcing a returning user through a separate page so they can choose their credit card\/billing info is almost as much hassle as re-entering the info itself.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":799,"Q_Id":5607535,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You're right that using credit card tokens with transparent redirect is slightly difficult to deal with using the current Braintree API. \nHowever if you already have the users credit card information stored in the vault, you can use a server to server request since you won't have to capture any sensitive information. A simple HTML select for the credit card token field would work, and your HTML form would post to your own sever.\nTo make this solution even more comprehensive, you can have the tr_data field included, if the user wants to enter a new card you can submit the form to Braintree as a TR request.\nIf you have any more questions or want to work through this code together email Braintree support: support@getbraintree.com \nI'm a developer at Braintree and would be happy to help you with any more technical questions.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ajax,django,credit-card,braintree","A_Id":5615096,"CreationDate":"2011-04-09T20:03:00.000","Title":"Braintree python transparent redirect with vault option","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Braintree's transparent redirect works beautifully, I don't have to pass any credit card info through my servers, and I'd like to keep it this way. My question is what is the preferred method to allow returning customers to use vaulted credit card\/billing information? Credit card token is a protected field, so it cannot be submitted by the customer via an option field. Instead, I need to specify credit card token before generating the transaction data field. The problem with this is twofold, 1. handling disabled javascript if I were to attempt some AJAX and 2. forcing a returning user through a separate page so they can choose their credit card\/billing info is almost as much hassle as re-entering the info itself.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":799,"Q_Id":5607535,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am a Python developer and just successfully integrated Django with Braintree.\nI used almost the same approach as BenMills's description: using S2S API rather than TR for credit card switching while having the ability to create a new credit card on the same page!\nBut I think there might be a potential way to solve your problem: General several TR forms in one single page with corresponding tr_data for each credit card under that user, thus you don't have to worry about using AJAX to generate tr_data upon user's choices.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ajax,django,credit-card,braintree","A_Id":5849277,"CreationDate":"2011-04-09T20:03:00.000","Title":"Braintree python transparent redirect with vault option","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am somewhat new to RESTful APIs.\nI'm trying to implement a python system that will control various tasks across multiple computers, with one computer acting as the controller.\nI would like all these tasks to be divided amongst multiple users (ex. task foo runs as user foo, and task bar runs as user bar) while handling all requests with a central system. The central system should also act as a simple web server and be able to server basic pages for status purposes.\nIt it possible to have each user register a \"page\" with a central server for the API and have the server pass all requests to the programs (probably written in Python)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":622,"Q_Id":5608319,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes.  Keep in mind that being RESTful is merely a way to organize your web application's URL's in a standard way.  You can build your web application to do whatever you want.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,linux,rest","A_Id":5609144,"CreationDate":"2011-04-09T22:19:00.000","Title":"RESTful API across multiple users","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to call a python function when a certain link is clicked within a html page?\nThanks","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":101647,"Q_Id":5615228,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Yes, but not directly; you can set the onclick handler to invoke a JavaScript function that will construct an XMLHttpRequest object and send a request to a page on your server. That page on your server can, in turn, be implemented using Python and do whatever it would need to do.","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":5615253,"CreationDate":"2011-04-10T22:47:00.000","Title":"Call a python function within a html file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using a Digi 3G router that can be programmed with python, and I want it to make periodic SSH connections to another device. I've read everything about paramiko, but don't know how to install it in the router.\nI want to know if there is any other way of including paramiko into a device, apart from installing (i.e. including some library), or if it exist another possibility apart from paramiko for this particular case.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":202,"Q_Id":5636251,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The description for the Digi 3G states that it is capable of python scripting, using a custom development environment.  To make this work, you would have to use the python source code from paramiko; the executable would not be installable directly on the router (since the executable is designed to be run on a computer, not a router).  \nThe source code would probably have to be  modified, since the APIs for this sort of thing are most likely different than those in a computer, and the router would have to be capable of what you are asking of it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":5639270,"CreationDate":"2011-04-12T13:47:00.000","Title":"SSH connection with python from a device (not computer)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am try to make a web application that needs to parse one specific wikipedia page & extract some information which is stored in a table format on the page. The extracted data would then need to be stored onto a database. \nI haven't really done anything like this before. What scripting language should I use to do this? I have been reading a little & looks like Python (using urllib2 & BeautifulSoup) should do the job, but is it the best way of approaching the problem. \nI know I could also use the WikiMedia api but is using python a good idea for general parsing problems?\nAlso the tabular data on the wikipedia page may change so I need to parse every day. How do I automate the script for this? Also any ideas for version control without external tools like svn so that updates can be easily reverted if need be?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":923,"Q_Id":5647413,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What scripting language should I use to do this? \n\nPython will do, as you've tagged your question.\n\nlooks like Python (using urllib2 & BeautifulSoup) should do the job, but is it the best way of approaching the problem.\n\nIt's workable. I'd use lxml.etree personally. An alternative is fetching the page in the raw format, then you have a different parsing task.\n\nI know I could also use the WikiMedia api but is using python a good idea for general parsing problems?\n\nThis appears to be a statement and an unrelated argumentative question. Subjectively, if I was approaching the problem you're asking about, I'd use python.\n\nAlso the tabular data on the wikipedia page may change so I need to parse every day. How do I automate the script for this?\n\nUnix cron job.\n\nAlso any ideas for version control without external tools like svn so that updates can be easily reverted if need be?\n\nA Subversion repository can be run on the same machine as the script you've written. Alternatively you could use a distributed version control system, e.g. git.\n\nCuriously, you've not mentioned what you're planning on doing with this data.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,parsing,screen-scraping","A_Id":5647655,"CreationDate":"2011-04-13T10:02:00.000","Title":"How to parse a specific wiki page & automate that?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm venturing in unknown territory here... \nI am trying to work out how hard it could be to implement an Email client using Python:\n\nEmail retrieval \nEmail sending\nEmail formatting\nEmail rendering\n\nAlso I'm wondering if all protocols are easy\/hard to support e.g. SMTP, IMAP, POP3, ...\n\nHopefully someone could point me in the right direction :)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":40032,"Q_Id":5647487,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If I were you, I'd check out the source code of existing email-clients to get an idea: thunderbird, sylpheed-claws, mutt...\nDepending on the set of features you want to support, it is a big project.","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,email,smtp,imap,email-client","A_Id":5647584,"CreationDate":"2011-04-13T10:08:00.000","Title":"How hard is it to build an Email client? - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm venturing in unknown territory here... \nI am trying to work out how hard it could be to implement an Email client using Python:\n\nEmail retrieval \nEmail sending\nEmail formatting\nEmail rendering\n\nAlso I'm wondering if all protocols are easy\/hard to support e.g. SMTP, IMAP, POP3, ...\n\nHopefully someone could point me in the right direction :)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":40032,"Q_Id":5647487,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"I think you will find much of the clients important parts prepackaged:\nEmail retrieval - I think that is covered by many of the Python libraries.\nEmail sending - This would not be hard and it is most likely covered as well.\nEmail formatting - I know this is covered because I just used it to parse single and multipart emails for a client.\nEmail rendering - I would shoot for an HTML renderer of some sort.  There is a Python interface to the renderer from the Mozilla project.  I would guess there are other rendering engines that have python interfaces as well.  I know wxWidgets has some simple HTML facilities and would be a lot lighter weight.  Come to think about it the Mozilla engine may have a bunch of the other functions you would need as well.  You would have to research each of the parts.\nThere is lot more to it than what is listed above.  Like anything worth while it won't be built in a day.  I would lay out precisely what you want it to do.  Then start putting together a prototype.  Just build a simple framework that does basic things.  Like only have it support the text part of a message with no html.  Then build on that.\nI am amazed at the wealth of coding modules available with Python.  I needed to filter html email messages, parse stylesheets, embed styles, and whole host of other things.  I found just about every function I needed in a Python library somewhere.  I was especially happy when I found out that some css sheets are gzipped that there was a module for that!\nSo if you are serious about then dig in.  You will learn a LOT. :)","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,email,smtp,imap,email-client","A_Id":6868304,"CreationDate":"2011-04-13T10:08:00.000","Title":"How hard is it to build an Email client? - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Freebase's Python API uses GUIDs that have a set prefix and a zero-padded suffix:\n\"guid\":\"#9202a8c04000641f8000000000211f52\" (http:\/\/wiki.freebase.com\/wiki\/Guid)\n\"Freebase guids are represented with 32 hexidecimal characters, the first 17 are the graph prefix and the remaining 15 are the item suffix\" (http:\/\/tinyify.freebaseapps.com\/).\nThis format enables the GUID to compress down for short URLs.\nHow do you construct GUIDs like this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":476,"Q_Id":5652093,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You'd need to look at the source for Freebase where it generates that GUID. It's definitely not a standard RFC GUID of any sort.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,guid,uuid,tinyurl","A_Id":5659017,"CreationDate":"2011-04-13T15:55:00.000","Title":"How do you construct a GUID with a set prefix and zero-padded suffix?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an application developed in Python-Zope where only on some of the pages, I am getting \"page has expired issue\" and this does not come every time. This issue comes when I click on \"Back\" or \"Cancel\" buttons which use browser history to redirect to the earlier pages. I have reviewed my code and there is not code setting response headers to prevent page caching.\nAlso the issue is with internet explorer only and code works fine with mozilla.\nIs there a way I can prevent this message?\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":110,"Q_Id":5653478,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Is your page served on HTTPS?\nIf so this is the expected behavior. By default IE will not cache a secured page on disk, nor will it automatically resubmit pages with POST data.\nThis is security feature (prevent cache sniffing, etc) and is about the only thing IE does correctly.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,internet-explorer,zope","A_Id":5653835,"CreationDate":"2011-04-13T17:56:00.000","Title":"Inconsistent page has expired message in internet explorer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a very random request from a client wanting a desktop based program that can retrieve information from web based APIs such as Google Analytics, SEOMoz and other similar services. They then want parts or all of these results stored in a central location. They have said they DO NOT want a web application at all, but they do want the ability to have the data stored on a \"server\" (read, server version of the desktop client) on their LAN. The program should be able to run on Windows. Linux and OS X support would be nice.\nI have some programming experience and am semi-familiar with Python so I was thinking about using it. My problem is that I am unsure about the communication between clients\/servers on the LAN and the communication between the client and web based APIs.\n1) Is this even possible? If so, what are good places to look for resources on the API integration and network communication\/any good examples?\n2) Any suggestions\/tips on what to look out for (e.g, common mistakes, major security issues)?\n3) Any ways that would be better than what I have outlined above?\n4) Database, what would be good options? I would like to make this as independent as possible and more or less self contained (relying on a minimal amount of installed software).\nThanks for any and all input!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2666,"Q_Id":5657800,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"yes,  urllib, urllib2 and urlparse are the core python libs for reading to\/from urls.  I would suggest PyQt for the gui framework (pyGTK, wxWidgets and tkinter would be fine also, they all run fine on the three os's you've mentioned). PyQt includes everything you would need, without reaching into any other library. It includes network access controls, QUrl for url parsing and construction and plenty of GUI tools for displaying the data.\nnothing out of the norm, except see [1] in 4\nsee 1 about PyQt. But what you're going to end up doing is crafting the urls you want to access (including all get\/post parameters), sending the data, listening for the data, parse data, place in db. Client would just query db, get results, filtering\/ordering\/management would be done in the gui code.  QtDeclarative might be a good choice for allowing users to craft their own queries (Thought of but never implemented this yet), which you can execute too.\nI would suggest postgres, mysql, or any db, relational or not (see mongodb, but don't think PyQt supports it yet, but you can use any python lib with pyqt nicely). Then you can store the data there, have the clients query it and have a client sit on the server, that has extra functionality to query the sites and insert the data Though this might be better served as cli tool that gets the data and inserts into the db (so you can run it on a cron job if wanted). \n\nYou would only need to develop the  client code and database schema. [1] Remember db's can have multiple clients and users directly connect to a database server. The only real caveat is configuring the server to listen only on the lan to receive the client, and the users permissions are set correctly. This is just cosmetically different from connecting a webapp to the db. You're just granting more users and clients access.\nYour biggest problem should be figuring out how to deal with the tediousness of GUI Programming :P","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,desktop-application","A_Id":5657892,"CreationDate":"2011-04-14T02:06:00.000","Title":"Python Desktop Program Using Web APIs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking to be able to query a site for warranty information on a machine that this script would be running on.  It should be able to fill out a form if needed ( like in the case of say HP's service site) and would then be able to retrieve the resulting web page.\nI already have the bits in place to parse the resulting html that is reported back I'm just having trouble with what needs to be done in order to do a POST of data that needs to be put in the fields and then being able to retrieve the resulting page.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24175,"Q_Id":5667699,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I\u2019ve only done a little bit of this, but:\n\nYou\u2019ve got the HTML of the form page. Extract the name attribute for each form field you need to fill in.\nCreate a dictionary mapping the names of each form field with the values you want submit.\nUse urllib.urlencode to turn the dictionary into the body of your post request.\nInclude this encoded data as the second argument to urllib2.Request(), after the URL that the form should be submitted to.\n\nThe server will either return a resulting web page, or return a redirect to a resulting web page. If it does the latter, you\u2019ll need to issue a GET request to the URL specified in the redirect response.\nI hope that makes some sort of sense?","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,forms,automation,urllib2,urllib","A_Id":5668120,"CreationDate":"2011-04-14T18:17:00.000","Title":"Python urllib2 automatic form filling and retrieval of results","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Need some direction on this.\nI'm writing a chat room browser-application, however there is a subtle difference.\nThese are collaboration chats where one person types and the other person can see live ever keystroke entered by the other person as they type.  \nAlso the the chat space is not a single line but a textarea space, like the one here (SO) to enter a question. \nAll keystrokes including tabs\/spaces\/enter should be visible live to the other person. And only one person can type at one time (I guess locking should be trivial)  \nI haven't written a multiple chatroom application. A simple client\/server where both are communicatiing over a port is something I've written.  \nSo here are the questions\n1.) How is a multiple chatroom application written ? Is it also port based ?\n2.) Showing the other persons every keystroke as they type is I guess possible through ajax. Is there any other mechanism available ?\nNote : I'm going to use a python framework (web2py) but I don't think framework would matter here.\nAny suggestions are welcome, thanks !","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1196,"Q_Id":5672100,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could try doing something like IRC, where the current \"room\" is sent from the client to the server \"before\" the text (\/PRIVMSG #room-name Hello World), delimited by a space. For example, you could send ROOMNAME Sample text from the browser to the server.\nUsing AJAX would be the most reasonable option. I've never used web2py, but I'm guessing you could just use JSON to parse the data between the browser and the server, if you wanted to be fancy.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,livechat","A_Id":5672152,"CreationDate":"2011-04-15T03:30:00.000","Title":"Multiple chat rooms - Is using ports the only way ? What if there are hundreds of rooms?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am new to python and i don't know many things.I want to parse an html page,modify it and show it in my own page.I try use beautifulsoup in order to parse html but some errors are generated.I searched on the web but i don't know any specific way to do this.Can anyone help me?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":606,"Q_Id":5675531,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Read the BeautifulSoup documentation - and come back if you have real issues.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,beautifulsoup","A_Id":5675635,"CreationDate":"2011-04-15T10:42:00.000","Title":"Parsing html content with python and modifying it","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a TCP server that can take 15 seconds or more to begin generating the body of a response to certain requests. Some clients like to close the connection at their end if the response takes more than a few seconds to complete. \nSince generating the response is very CPU-intensive, I'd prefer to halt the task the instant the client closes the connection. At present, I don't find this out until I send the first payload and receive various hang-up errors.\nHow can I detect that the peer has closed the connection without sending or receiving any data? That means for recv that all data remains in the kernel, or for send that no data is actually transmitted.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":35496,"Q_Id":5686490,"Users Score":18,"Answer":"I've had a recurring problem communicating with equipment that had separate TCP links for send and receive.  The basic problem is that the TCP stack doesn't generally tell you a socket is closed when you're just trying to read - you have to try and write to get told the other end of the link was dropped.  Partly, that is just how TCP was designed (reading is passive).\nI'm guessing Blair's answer works in the cases where the socket has been shut down nicely at the other end (i.e. they have sent the proper disconnection messages), but not in the case where the other end has impolitely just stopped listening.\nIs there a fairly fixed-format header at the start of your message, that you can begin by sending, before the whole response is ready?  e.g. an XML doctype?  Also are you able to get away with sending some extra spaces at some points in the message - just some null data that you can output to be sure the socket is still open?","Q_Score":27,"Tags":"python,c,linux,sockets,tcp","A_Id":8434845,"CreationDate":"2011-04-16T12:32:00.000","Title":"Detect socket hangup without sending or receiving?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a TCP server that can take 15 seconds or more to begin generating the body of a response to certain requests. Some clients like to close the connection at their end if the response takes more than a few seconds to complete. \nSince generating the response is very CPU-intensive, I'd prefer to halt the task the instant the client closes the connection. At present, I don't find this out until I send the first payload and receive various hang-up errors.\nHow can I detect that the peer has closed the connection without sending or receiving any data? That means for recv that all data remains in the kernel, or for send that no data is actually transmitted.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":35496,"Q_Id":5686490,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"You can select with a timeout of zero, and read with the MSG_PEEK flag.\nI think you really should explain what you precisely mean by \"not reading\", and why the other answer are not satisfying.","Q_Score":27,"Tags":"python,c,linux,sockets,tcp","A_Id":8386973,"CreationDate":"2011-04-16T12:32:00.000","Title":"Detect socket hangup without sending or receiving?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to implement a server in Python that streams music in MP3 format over HTTP.  I would like it to broadcast the music such that a client can connect to the stream and start listening to whatever is currently playing, much like a radio station.\nPreviously, I've implemented my own HTTP server in Python using SocketServer.TCPServer (yes I know BaseHTTPServer exists, just wanted to write a mini HTTP stack myself), so how would a music streamer be different architecturally?  What libraries would I need to look at on the network side and on the MP3 side?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":28874,"Q_Id":5688573,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Since you already have good python experience (given you've already written an HTTP server) I can only provide a few pointers on how to extend the ground-work you've already done:\n\nPrepare your server for dealing with Request Headers like: Accept-Encoding, Range, TE (Transfer Encoding), etc. An MP3-over-HTTP player (i.e. VLC) is nothing but an mp3 player that knows how to \"speak\" HTTP and \"seek\" to different positions in the file.\nUse wireshark or tcpdump to sniff actual HTTP requests done by VLC when playing an mp3 over HTTP, so you know how what request headers you'll be receiving and implement them.\n\nGood luck with your project!","Q_Score":28,"Tags":"python,http,streaming,mp3,shoutcast","A_Id":14489267,"CreationDate":"2011-04-16T18:21:00.000","Title":"Writing a Python Music Streamer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a Twitter Streaming API Python library with proxy support. I love tweepy, but unfortunately I haven't seen a way to use an HTTP proxy. Any ideas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1810,"Q_Id":5700302,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Tweepy uses httplib internally which is too low level to have proxy settings. You have to change Stream._run() method to connect to proxy instead of target host and use full (with scheme and host) URL in request.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,twitter,proxy,streaming","A_Id":5755092,"CreationDate":"2011-04-18T08:29:00.000","Title":"Twitter Streaming API Python library with proxy support?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a simple client code using xmlrpclib.\n\ntry:\n       Server.func1\n       Server.func2\n       .....\n       Server.funcN\nexcept:\n    pass\n, where Server - ServerProxy from xmlrpclib. How to do this on twisted ?\nI see this example:\n\nfrom twisted.web.xmlrpc import Proxy\nfrom twisted.internet import reactor\n\ndef printValue(value):\n    print repr(value)\n    reactor.stop()\n\ndef printError(error):\n    print 'error', error\n    reactor.stop()\n\nServer = Proxy('http:\/\/advogato.org\/XMLRPC')\nServer.callRemote('func1',).addCallbacks(printValue, printError)\nreactor.run()\n\nbut how to add several nesting callRemote functions ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":305,"Q_Id":5705420,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You have code in the sample you pasted which takes an action when an XML-RPC call completes.  printValue prints the result of a call and printError print an error which occurs during a call.\nIf you want to make another call after one finishes, then maybe instead of just printing something in printValue, you could issue another Server.callRemote there.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twisted","A_Id":5707345,"CreationDate":"2011-04-18T15:41:00.000","Title":"using several xmlrpc commands on twisted","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I made several tests in Selenium IDE and saved it as a test suite in the HTML format which works fine for importing back into selenium IDE. Now however I would like to expand these tests using python and when I click export test suite and choose python I get this error\n\nSuite export not implemented for the chrome:\/\/selenium-ide\/content\/formats\/python-rc formatter\n\nHow can I enable this option in selenium IDE?\nNote I also have found an additional plugin for Firefox that allows batch conversion of tests but still does not allow export of the entire test suite as one file. I realize I could combine these files by hand but in the future I would like to have this option in my workflow.\nThank you.\np.s Running Firefox 3.6 on fedora 14","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":16458,"Q_Id":5749321,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"What version of SIDE are you running? If you are running the latest version (1.9), go into options, check the box off for \"Enable Experimental Features\" and the formats menu should now list Python.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium,selenium-ide","A_Id":15879812,"CreationDate":"2011-04-21T20:14:00.000","Title":"Export test as python from Selenium IDE","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"does anybody know in which way the string 'Krummh%C3%B6rn' is encoded?\nPlain text is \"Krummh\u00f6rn\".\nI need to decode strings like this one in Python and tried urllib.unquote('Krummh%C3%B6rn')\nThe result: 'Krummh\\xc3\\xb6rn'","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":310,"Q_Id":5755058,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You're halfway there. Take that result and decode it as UTF-8.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,encoding,urldecode","A_Id":5755083,"CreationDate":"2011-04-22T11:42:00.000","Title":"Which encoding?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running python manage.py runserver from a machine A\nwhen I am trying to check in machine B.  The url I typed is http:\/\/A:8000\/ .\nI am getting an error like The system returned: (111) Connection refused","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":220548,"Q_Id":5768797,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"in flask using flask.ext.script, you can do it like this:\npython manage.py runserver -h 127.0.0.1 -p 8000","Q_Score":88,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":34825606,"CreationDate":"2011-04-24T05:20:00.000","Title":"manage.py runserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running python manage.py runserver from a machine A\nwhen I am trying to check in machine B.  The url I typed is http:\/\/A:8000\/ .\nI am getting an error like The system returned: (111) Connection refused","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0886555158,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":220548,"Q_Id":5768797,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Just in case any Windows users are having trouble, I thought I'd add my own experience. When running python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000, I could view urls using localhost:8000, but not my ip address 192.168.1.3:8000. \nI ended up disabling ipv6 on my wireless adapter, and running ipconfig \/renew. After this everything worked as expected.","Q_Score":88,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":34215336,"CreationDate":"2011-04-24T05:20:00.000","Title":"manage.py runserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running python manage.py runserver from a machine A\nwhen I am trying to check in machine B.  The url I typed is http:\/\/A:8000\/ .\nI am getting an error like The system returned: (111) Connection refused","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":220548,"Q_Id":5768797,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had the same problem and  here was my way to solve it:\nFirst, You must know your IP address.\nOn my Windows PC, in the cmd windows i run ipconfig and select my IP V4 address. In my case 192.168.0.13\nSecond as mention above:  runserver 192.168.0.13:8000\nIt worked for me.\nThe error i did to get the message was the use of the gateway address not my PC address.","Q_Score":88,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":32757797,"CreationDate":"2011-04-24T05:20:00.000","Title":"manage.py runserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm planning to design a server that receives data from multiple clients, the server don't need to send anything back to the client, though STATUS_OK is still cool but not necessary.\nI know the basics of Python socket module, twisted framework but my question is,  should i use UDP or TCP? The client that need to stay connected at all.\nI hope you guys understand my question, thank you for your wonderful help here","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3415,"Q_Id":5769096,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Can you afford to lose messages? If yes, use UDP. Otherwise use TCP. It's what they're designed for.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,udp,twisted","A_Id":5769103,"CreationDate":"2011-04-24T06:37:00.000","Title":"Python Socket programming (TCP vs. UDP)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm planning to design a server that receives data from multiple clients, the server don't need to send anything back to the client, though STATUS_OK is still cool but not necessary.\nI know the basics of Python socket module, twisted framework but my question is,  should i use UDP or TCP? The client that need to stay connected at all.\nI hope you guys understand my question, thank you for your wonderful help here","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3415,"Q_Id":5769096,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"For how long will one client be connected to the server? How many concurrent connections are you planning to handle? If there will be very short bursts of data for a lot of clients, then you should go with UDP. But chances are, TCP will do just fine initially.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,udp,twisted","A_Id":5769114,"CreationDate":"2011-04-24T06:37:00.000","Title":"Python Socket programming (TCP vs. UDP)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm planning to design a server that receives data from multiple clients, the server don't need to send anything back to the client, though STATUS_OK is still cool but not necessary.\nI know the basics of Python socket module, twisted framework but my question is,  should i use UDP or TCP? The client that need to stay connected at all.\nI hope you guys understand my question, thank you for your wonderful help here","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3415,"Q_Id":5769096,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You should always use TCP until you have a performance problem that you know can be mitigated with UDP.  TCP is easier to understand when it fails.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,udp,twisted","A_Id":5771992,"CreationDate":"2011-04-24T06:37:00.000","Title":"Python Socket programming (TCP vs. UDP)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm planning to design a server that receives data from multiple clients, the server don't need to send anything back to the client, though STATUS_OK is still cool but not necessary.\nI know the basics of Python socket module, twisted framework but my question is,  should i use UDP or TCP? The client that need to stay connected at all.\nI hope you guys understand my question, thank you for your wonderful help here","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3415,"Q_Id":5769096,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would use TCP in your situation, but it's hard to tell what the specifics of your needs are. TCP is in most cases a better protocol because it's much more reliable. Data is very rarely lost in TCP, however this does slow it down a bit. Since you're not sending anything back to the client, the fact that TCP is a streaming protocol shouldn't really matter too much.\nSo I'd just go with TCP.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,udp,twisted","A_Id":5774174,"CreationDate":"2011-04-24T06:37:00.000","Title":"Python Socket programming (TCP vs. UDP)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a selenium script by python, but I think I don't see any information about:\nHow to get http status code from selenium Python code. \nOr I missing something. If anyone found that, please feel free to post.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0166651236,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":76570,"Q_Id":5799228,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can also inspect the last message in the log for an error status code:\nprint browser.get_log('browser')[-1]['message']","Q_Score":43,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":53767968,"CreationDate":"2011-04-27T04:08:00.000","Title":"How to get status code by using selenium.py (python code)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a selenium script by python. Something that I found out, is that when selenium gets 404 status code. it crashes. What is the best way to deal with it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":618,"Q_Id":5799512,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I had a similar problem. Sometimes a server we were using (i.e., not the main server we were testing, only a \"sub-server\") throughout our tests would crash. I added a minor sanity test to see if the server is up or not before the main tests ran. That is, I performed a simple GET request to the server, surrounded it with try-catch and if that passed I continue with the tests. Let me stress out this point- before i even started selenium i would perform a GET request using python's urllib2. It's not the best of solutions but it's fast it was enough for me.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":6363257,"CreationDate":"2011-04-27T04:51:00.000","Title":"In selenium.py, How to deal with 404 status code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am not sure how to accurately describe my problem , and right now i have a total mess in my head , so please deal with it and correct me if i am wrong , and i will be for sure.\nMAIN GOAL:\nIs to built a real time line chart  , which updates itself without web page reloading based on data , which comes from stdout .  So it basically must be python script  , which gets every second value , and based on this values continues to draw line in a line chart .\n1) Well basic tags in my head right now are :  Javascript \/ AJAX , cgi , python http web server , SVG (Vector graphics).\nSo basically the biggest problem , which i dont understand is how to continuesly transfer stdout values to the webpage .  Should i write my own python http web server , somehow pass values and with javascript or ajax + SVG draw the chart .\nOr writing a http web server is a stupid idea and i can somehow make it work without it ? \nAny other suggestions , or pointing me to some tutorials or arcticles are welcome . Because right now i am very confused  , especially on the part of continuesly passing values to webpage.\nThx in advance. Hope you will be able to point me somewhere =)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5305,"Q_Id":5808819,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would use JavaScript to create or manipulate an SVG document, with AJAX requests polling the server and getting data back.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ajax,svg,cgi,charts","A_Id":5809518,"CreationDate":"2011-04-27T18:33:00.000","Title":"Real time chart (SVG) + AJAX\/Javascript\/Jquery + StdOut + Python + I dont really know myself","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a requirement wherein I have to extract content inside <raw> tag. For example I need to extract abcd and efgh from this html snippet:\n<html><body><raw somestuff>abcd<\/raw><raw somesuff>efgh<\/raw><\/body><\/html> \nI used this code in my python\nre.match(r'.*raw.*(.*)\/raw.*', DATA)\nBut this is not returning any substring. I'm not good at regex. So a correction to this or a new solution would help me a great deal. \nI am not supposed to use external libs (due to some restriction in my company).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2535,"Q_Id":5814493,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Using non greedy matching (*?) can do this easily, at least for your example.\nre.findall(r'<raw[^>]*?>(.*?)<\/raw>', DATA)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,regex,tags,substring","A_Id":5814571,"CreationDate":"2011-04-28T06:25:00.000","Title":"Python: Need to extract tag content from html page using regex, but not BeautifulSoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to make a website that allows you to setup a photo gallery with a custom domain name.\nUsers of the site don't know how to register or configure domain names, so this has to be done for them.\nUser enters desired domain name in a box (we check if it's available) and click 'register' button and our website registers the domain name for them and sets up the website automatically (when user goes to that domain name, the photo gallery just works, no technical skills needed).","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4713,"Q_Id":5814837,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There is no general API for this. You have to check back with your own domain registration organization. This is specific to the related domain provider.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,api,hosting,dns,registration","A_Id":5814951,"CreationDate":"2011-04-28T06:59:00.000","Title":"What is the best API for registering and configuring domain names?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So, I need to connect to SSH server through proxy socks.\nI read paramiko and twisted.conch docs, but didn`t found proxy socks support there.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3885,"Q_Id":5816070,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"This socket-wrapper allows you to use static ssh-tunnels. I found a common solution for my problem:\n\nUse paramiko SSHClient class\nExtend SSHClient with your own class\nRe-implement the connect() method: \nInstead of using a standard socket object we pass to it a fixed proxied socket from the python package sockipy","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,ssh,twisted,socks,paramiko","A_Id":5823383,"CreationDate":"2011-04-28T08:53:00.000","Title":"Python ssh client over socks (proxy)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to read in info that is constantly changing from a website.\nFor example, say I wanted to read in the artist name that is playing on an online radio site.\nI can grab the current artist's name but when the song changes, the HTML updates itself and I've already opened the file via: \nf = urllib.urlopen(\"SITE\")\nSo I can't see the updated artist name for the new song.\nCan I keep closing and opening the URL in a while(1) loop to get the updated HTML code or is there a better way to do this? Thanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":858,"Q_Id":5844870,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You'll have to periodically re-download the website. Don't do it constantly because that will be too hard on the server.\nThis is because HTTP, by nature, is not a streaming protocol. Once you connect to the server, it expects you to throw an HTTP request at it, then it will throw an HTTP response back at you containing the page. If your initial request is keep-alive (default as of HTTP\/1.1,) you can throw the same request again and get the page up to date.\nWhat I'd recommend? Depending on your needs, get the page every n seconds, get the data you need. If the site provides an API, you can possibly capitalize on that. Also, if it's your own site, you might be able to implement comet-style Ajax over HTTP and get a true stream.\nAlso note if it's someone else's page, it's possible the site uses Ajax via Javascript to make it up to date; this means there's other requests causing the update and you may need to dissect the website to figure out what requests you need to make to get the data.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,stream,live,urllib","A_Id":5844901,"CreationDate":"2011-04-30T21:56:00.000","Title":"Parsing lines from a live streaming website in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to read in info that is constantly changing from a website.\nFor example, say I wanted to read in the artist name that is playing on an online radio site.\nI can grab the current artist's name but when the song changes, the HTML updates itself and I've already opened the file via: \nf = urllib.urlopen(\"SITE\")\nSo I can't see the updated artist name for the new song.\nCan I keep closing and opening the URL in a while(1) loop to get the updated HTML code or is there a better way to do this? Thanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":858,"Q_Id":5844870,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, this is correct approach. To get changes in web, you have to send new query each time. Live AJAX sites do exactly same internally.\nSome sites provide additional API, including long polling. Look for documentation on the site or ask their developers whether there is some.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,stream,live,urllib","A_Id":5844908,"CreationDate":"2011-04-30T21:56:00.000","Title":"Parsing lines from a live streaming website in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to read in info that is constantly changing from a website.\nFor example, say I wanted to read in the artist name that is playing on an online radio site.\nI can grab the current artist's name but when the song changes, the HTML updates itself and I've already opened the file via: \nf = urllib.urlopen(\"SITE\")\nSo I can't see the updated artist name for the new song.\nCan I keep closing and opening the URL in a while(1) loop to get the updated HTML code or is there a better way to do this? Thanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":858,"Q_Id":5844870,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you use urllib2 you can read the headers when you make the request. If the server sends back a \"304 Not Modified\" in the headers then the content hasn't changed.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,stream,live,urllib","A_Id":5844912,"CreationDate":"2011-04-30T21:56:00.000","Title":"Parsing lines from a live streaming website in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Suppose there is a web app name thesite.com. I need to give every user\na url of his own. For eg- if alice signs up, she gets a space of her\nown at the url \"alice.thesite.com\".. How do I achieve this.\nThanks\nAlice","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":164,"Q_Id":5848496,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"By pointing all the subdomains of that domain to the same website via DNS, and then inspecting the HTTP 1.1 Host header to determine which user website is being viewed.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,url,flask","A_Id":5848509,"CreationDate":"2011-05-01T12:59:00.000","Title":"how to map url with usernames prefixed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a good high level library that can be used for IP address manipulation? I need to do things like:\n\nGiven a string find out if it is a valid IPv4\/IPv6 address.\nHave functionality like ntop and pton\netc\n\nI can use the low level inet_ntop() etc. But is there a better library that handles these better and fast (c\/c++\/python)?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1307,"Q_Id":5857320,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I have the mind boogling ipv4 \/ ipv6 validating regexps around, which are quite long and non-trivial to produce. I can share if you want.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"c++,python,c,freebsd,ipv6","A_Id":5857748,"CreationDate":"2011-05-02T12:50:00.000","Title":"Efficient IP address c\/c++ library on unix","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a good high level library that can be used for IP address manipulation? I need to do things like:\n\nGiven a string find out if it is a valid IPv4\/IPv6 address.\nHave functionality like ntop and pton\netc\n\nI can use the low level inet_ntop() etc. But is there a better library that handles these better and fast (c\/c++\/python)?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1307,"Q_Id":5857320,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you are writing a sockets app it's highly unlikely that address manipulation is going to be your most important consideration.  Don't waste time on this when you have network I\/O to worry about.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"c++,python,c,freebsd,ipv6","A_Id":5857539,"CreationDate":"2011-05-02T12:50:00.000","Title":"Efficient IP address c\/c++ library on unix","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Some Python methods work on various input sources.  For example, the XML element tree parse method takes an object which can either be a string, (in which case the API treats it like a filename), or an object that supports the IO interface, like a file object or io.StringIO.\nSo, obviously the parse method is doing some kind of interface sniffing to figure out which course of action to take.  I guess the simplest way to achieve this would be to check if the input parameter is a string by saying isinstance(x, str), and if so treat it as a file name, else treat it as an IO object.\nBut for better error-checking, I would think it would be best to check if x supports the IO interface.  What is the standard, idiomatic way to check if an object supports a specified interface?\nOne way, I suppose, would be to just say:\nif \"read\" in x.__class__.__dict__: # check if object has a read method \nBut just because x has a \"read\" method doesn't necessarily mean it supports the IO interface, so I assume I should also check for every method in the IO interface.  Is this usually the best way to go about doing this?  Or should I just forget about checking the interface, and just let a possible AttributeError get handled further up the stack?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":183,"Q_Id":5857951,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yeah, python is all about duck typing, and it's perfectly acceptable to check for a few methods to decide whether an object supports the IO interface. Sometimes it even makes sense to just try calling your methods in a try\/except block and catch TypeError or ValueError so you know if it really supports the same interface (but use this sparingly). I'd say use hasattr instead of looking at __class__.__dict__, but otherwise that's the approach I would take.\n(In general, I'd check first if there wasn't already a method somewhere in the standard library to handle stuff like this, since it can be error-prone to decide what constitutes the \"IO interface\" yourself. For example, there a few handy gems in the types and inspect modules for related interface checking.)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,interface,python-3.x","A_Id":5858213,"CreationDate":"2011-05-02T13:49:00.000","Title":"Python 3: Determine if object supports IO","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Some Python methods work on various input sources.  For example, the XML element tree parse method takes an object which can either be a string, (in which case the API treats it like a filename), or an object that supports the IO interface, like a file object or io.StringIO.\nSo, obviously the parse method is doing some kind of interface sniffing to figure out which course of action to take.  I guess the simplest way to achieve this would be to check if the input parameter is a string by saying isinstance(x, str), and if so treat it as a file name, else treat it as an IO object.\nBut for better error-checking, I would think it would be best to check if x supports the IO interface.  What is the standard, idiomatic way to check if an object supports a specified interface?\nOne way, I suppose, would be to just say:\nif \"read\" in x.__class__.__dict__: # check if object has a read method \nBut just because x has a \"read\" method doesn't necessarily mean it supports the IO interface, so I assume I should also check for every method in the IO interface.  Is this usually the best way to go about doing this?  Or should I just forget about checking the interface, and just let a possible AttributeError get handled further up the stack?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":183,"Q_Id":5857951,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Or should I just forget about checking the interface, and just let a possible AttributeError get handled further up the stack?\n\nThe general pythonic principle seems to be doing whatever you want to do with the object you get and just capture any exception it might cause. This is the so-called duck typing. It does not necessarily mean you should let those exception slip from your function to the calling code, though. You can handle them in the function itself if it's capable of doing so in meaningful way.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,interface,python-3.x","A_Id":5858102,"CreationDate":"2011-05-02T13:49:00.000","Title":"Python 3: Determine if object supports IO","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So far my networking code works fine, but I'm a bit worried about something I hid under the carpet:\nThe man pages for accept, close, connect, recv and send mention that errno.EINTR can show up when a system call was interrupted by a signal.\nI am quite clueless here.\nWhat does python do with that ?  Does it automatically retry the call, does it raise a socket.error with that errno ?  What is the appropriate thing I should do if that exception is raised ?  Can I generate these signals myself in my unittests ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1281,"Q_Id":5858460,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Python simply retries the call and hides the signal from the user (helps with cross-platform consistency where -EINTR doesn't exist). You can safely ignore the EINTR issue but if you'd like to test it anyway, it's easy to do. Just set up a blocking operation that will not return (such as a socket.accept with no incoming connection) and send the process a signal.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":5858847,"CreationDate":"2011-05-02T14:35:00.000","Title":"What do python sockets do with EINTR?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to use the S3 multipart upload with strings instead of a file? The strings i am using are being generated during the upload process and so the size and the exact content is unknown the time the multipart upload starts.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":858,"Q_Id":5863516,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"There is no explicit \"upload_part_from_string\" method available.  You could probably use StringIO to wrap a file-like object around the string and then pass that to \"upload_part_from_file\" but I haven't tested that.\nIt would be easy to add this method.  At the time I didn't think it would be all that useful since each of the parts has to be a minimum of 5MB and that's a pretty big string.  But if you have a use case for it, let me know.  Or, fork boto on github, add the method and send a pull request.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,multipart,boto","A_Id":5909965,"CreationDate":"2011-05-02T23:19:00.000","Title":"Can you use multipart upload in boto with strings instead of a file handler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am a newbie to Selenium and is implementing selenium-rc with Python client library. I tried traversing through my page's div using xpath(s) elements using the command \"sel.get_xpath_count(xpath)\".\nIt gives a count of 20, but when I iterate through every div using for statement and command \"sel.get_text(xpath='%s[%d]'%(xpath, i))\", but it only finds the first element and give a error on the remaining 19 saying divs not found.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":396,"Q_Id":5866496,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Your second XPath expression is wrong.  Programmers trained in C-style languages frequently make this mistake, because they see [...] and think \"index into an array\", but that's not what brackets do in XPath.\nIf you use sel.get_xpath_count(something), then you need to use sel.get_text(\"xpath=(something)[item_number]\").  Note the use of parentheses around the original XPath expression in the second use.\nThe reason behind this is that something[item_count] is short-hand for something AND position() = item_count - thus you wind up adding another predicate to the \"something\" expression, instead of selecting one of the nodes selected by the expression.  (something)[item_count] works because the value of (something) is a list of nodes, and adding a position() = item_count selects the node from the list with the specified position.  That's more like a C-style array.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium-rc","A_Id":5871749,"CreationDate":"2011-05-03T07:36:00.000","Title":"Selenium-rc Python client : Not able to iterate through the xpath?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to write a script to do an heavy network upload, in the background.\nHowever, I would like it to pause when I am using my computer (either by detecting network activity or keyboard activity or that I am not idle).\nWhat is the best way to detect that I am using the computer, on Python on Unix?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2328,"Q_Id":5914506,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Stick a webcam on your computer that grabs an image every five seconds, then there's some python modules for image analysis that can check if you are still sitting in your seat.\nOr get a microswitch wired into your chair, connect that to your PC serial port (or one of those modern USB ports) and read that from Python...","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,networking,keyboard,python-idle","A_Id":5914591,"CreationDate":"2011-05-06T16:40:00.000","Title":"In Python on Unix, determine if I am using my computer? or idle?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I created a simple server and client using Python. When i run it on my computer i works fine. But if i run the server on my comupter and try to open client on the other computer, it cant find my server. \nThanks for helping.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":55,"Q_Id":5926773,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Do you know the IP for your server computer? Just making sure you know that 127.0.0.1 (or localhost) no longer works in this setup.\nAre your computers behind a NAT?\nCan you ping from one computer to another?\nDo you have a firewall?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,network-programming","A_Id":5926779,"CreationDate":"2011-05-08T10:03:00.000","Title":"Python server problems","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i have a question because i am fairly new to python, socket programming and signals. i have written a python socket server that forks a new process to handle requests for every client that connects to a certain port. I have caught the ctrl+c signal and closed my database connections should the the server get such signal. \nSince i am testing my server using the netcat command my question is: if one uses CTRL+C to terminate the client connection that is running in a bash window, can the server catch that SIGINT signal and act upon it ? \nor is it that because the client being a totally different program (my case is the netcat command) is the only one that can receive the SIGINT signal ? \nCan the server receive a SIGINT command should the client be keyboardInterrupted ?\nThank you in advance for any information about this.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1001,"Q_Id":5926908,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Signals exist in their own process: a signal raised in a client process won't be known about by the server process and vice versa. Your options are either to have one process tell the other that it is being terminated, or just wait for the other side to notice that the connection has been dropped (which, if you're using TCP\/IP, will come from a failed socket operation on the given socket).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,signals","A_Id":5926941,"CreationDate":"2011-05-08T10:34:00.000","Title":"python sockets, request.recv and signals","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working in python with os.path.splitext() and curious if it is possible to separate filenames from extensions with multiple \".\"?  e.g.  \"foobar.aux.xml\" using splitext. Filenames vary from [foobar, foobar.xml, foobar.aux.xml].  Is there a better way?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":18511,"Q_Id":5930036,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"From the help of the function:\n\nExtension is everything from the last\n  dot to the end, ignoring leading dots.\n\nSo the answer is no, you can't do it with this function.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python","A_Id":5930076,"CreationDate":"2011-05-08T20:11:00.000","Title":"Separating file extensions using python os.path module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking to create a simple graph showing 2 numbers of time for my personal twitter. They are:\n\nNumber of followers per day\nNumber of mentions per day\n\nFrom my research so far, the search API does not provide a date so I am not about to do a GROUP BY. The only way I can have access to dates is through the OAuth Api but that requires interaction from the end user which I am trying to avoid. \nCan someone point me in the right direction in order to achieve this? Thanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":438,"Q_Id":5932111,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The best way is to use a cron to record the data daily.\nHowever, you can query the mentions using the search api with a untill tag. Which should do the trick.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":7361262,"CreationDate":"2011-05-09T03:12:00.000","Title":"Twitter API: Getting Data for Analytics","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking to create a simple graph showing 2 numbers of time for my personal twitter. They are:\n\nNumber of followers per day\nNumber of mentions per day\n\nFrom my research so far, the search API does not provide a date so I am not about to do a GROUP BY. The only way I can have access to dates is through the OAuth Api but that requires interaction from the end user which I am trying to avoid. \nCan someone point me in the right direction in order to achieve this? Thanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":438,"Q_Id":5932111,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"We can although use the search api to fetch mentions but there is a limit in it.\nAt a given point of time you can only fetch 200 mentions.\nAny one knows how to get total mentions count?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":8756753,"CreationDate":"2011-05-09T03:12:00.000","Title":"Twitter API: Getting Data for Analytics","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I created a python software install with setup.py . In this software I use data files (XML file) when I install these xml file using setup.py then these files save with other files in \/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/site_packages\/XYZ . But file permission set to these files (XML Files) rwx------ means only super user(root) can read these file I want to change the file permission of XML files as rwxr----- means current user can also read that file. How do I change the data files permission.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":-1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5700,"Q_Id":5932804,"Users Score":-7,"Answer":"Login as root, and in the shell type :\n\nchmod 744 yourfilename","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,setup.py","A_Id":5932879,"CreationDate":"2011-05-09T05:16:00.000","Title":"set file permissions in setup.py file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"urllib.urlencode could encode url's params.  It seems no likely function in Mechanize.\nSo, I have to use urllib and Mechanize, because I only need urlencode.\nAny function could implement the same task like urllib.urlencode in Mechanize","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":612,"Q_Id":5940520,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Why would mechanize have it? It's already in urllib, which comes with Python.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mechanize,urllib","A_Id":5940566,"CreationDate":"2011-05-09T17:45:00.000","Title":"which function of mechanize is equal with urllib.urlencode","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"urllib.urlencode could encode url's params.  It seems no likely function in Mechanize.\nSo, I have to use urllib and Mechanize, because I only need urlencode.\nAny function could implement the same task like urllib.urlencode in Mechanize","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":612,"Q_Id":5940520,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"mechanize actually uses urllib and urllib2 for most tasks that involve urls. \nSince this functionality already exists in urllib\/2 (as mentioned by Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams) there's no need for it to be implemented elsewhere. When coding you import all the libraries that have functionality you need to use.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mechanize,urllib","A_Id":5992039,"CreationDate":"2011-05-09T17:45:00.000","Title":"which function of mechanize is equal with urllib.urlencode","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been trying (unsuccessfully, I might add) to scrape a website created with the Microsoft stack (ASP.NET, C#, IIS) using Python and urllib\/urllib2.  I'm also using cookielib to manage cookies.  After spending a long time profiling the website in Chrome and examining the headers, I've been unable to come up with a working solution to log in.  Currently, in an attempt to get it to work at the most basic level, I've hard-coded the encoded URL string with all of the appropriate form data (even View State, etc..).  I'm also passing valid headers.\nThe response that I'm currently receiving reads:\n\n29|pageRedirect||\/?aspxerrorpath=\/default.aspx|\n\nI'm not sure how to interpret the above.  Also, I've looked pretty extensively at the client-side code used in processing the login fields.\nHere's how it works:  You enter your username\/pass and hit a 'Login' button.  Pressing the Enter key also simulates this button press.  The input fields aren't in a form.  Instead, there's a few onClick events on said Login button (most of which are just for aesthetics), but one in question handles validation. It does some rudimentary checks before sending it off to the server-side.  Based on the web resources, it definitely appears to be using .NET AJAX. \nWhen logging into this website normally, you request the domian as a POST with form-data of your username and password, among other things.  Then, there is some sort of URL rewrite or redirect that takes you to a content page of url.com\/twitter.  When attempting to access url.com\/twitter directly, it redirects you to the main page.\nI should note that I've decided to leave the URL in question out.  I'm not doing anything malicious, just automating a very monotonous check once every reasonable increment of time (I'm familiar with compassionate screen scraping).  However, it would be trivial to associate my StackOverflow account with that account in the event that it didn't make the domain owners happy.\nMy question is: I've been able to successfully log in and automate services in the past, none of which were .NET-based.  Is there anything different that I should be doing, or maybe something I'm leaving out?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1706,"Q_Id":5973245,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When scraping a web application, I use either:\n1) WireShark ... or...\n2) A logging proxy server (that logs headers as well as payload)\nI then compare what the real application does (in this case, how your browser interacts with the site) with the scraper's logs.  Working through the differences will bring you to a working solution.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"asp.net,python,asp.net-ajax,screen-scraping,urllib2","A_Id":5974002,"CreationDate":"2011-05-12T04:17:00.000","Title":"Scraping ASP.NET with Python and urllib2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been trying (unsuccessfully, I might add) to scrape a website created with the Microsoft stack (ASP.NET, C#, IIS) using Python and urllib\/urllib2.  I'm also using cookielib to manage cookies.  After spending a long time profiling the website in Chrome and examining the headers, I've been unable to come up with a working solution to log in.  Currently, in an attempt to get it to work at the most basic level, I've hard-coded the encoded URL string with all of the appropriate form data (even View State, etc..).  I'm also passing valid headers.\nThe response that I'm currently receiving reads:\n\n29|pageRedirect||\/?aspxerrorpath=\/default.aspx|\n\nI'm not sure how to interpret the above.  Also, I've looked pretty extensively at the client-side code used in processing the login fields.\nHere's how it works:  You enter your username\/pass and hit a 'Login' button.  Pressing the Enter key also simulates this button press.  The input fields aren't in a form.  Instead, there's a few onClick events on said Login button (most of which are just for aesthetics), but one in question handles validation. It does some rudimentary checks before sending it off to the server-side.  Based on the web resources, it definitely appears to be using .NET AJAX. \nWhen logging into this website normally, you request the domian as a POST with form-data of your username and password, among other things.  Then, there is some sort of URL rewrite or redirect that takes you to a content page of url.com\/twitter.  When attempting to access url.com\/twitter directly, it redirects you to the main page.\nI should note that I've decided to leave the URL in question out.  I'm not doing anything malicious, just automating a very monotonous check once every reasonable increment of time (I'm familiar with compassionate screen scraping).  However, it would be trivial to associate my StackOverflow account with that account in the event that it didn't make the domain owners happy.\nMy question is: I've been able to successfully log in and automate services in the past, none of which were .NET-based.  Is there anything different that I should be doing, or maybe something I'm leaving out?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1706,"Q_Id":5973245,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"For anyone else that might be in a similar predicament in the future: \nI'd just like to note that I've had a lot of success with a Greasemonkey user script in Chrome to do all of my scraping and automation.  I found it to be a lot easier than Python + urllib2 (at least for this particular case).  The user scripts are written in 100% Javascript.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"asp.net,python,asp.net-ajax,screen-scraping,urllib2","A_Id":6035498,"CreationDate":"2011-05-12T04:17:00.000","Title":"Scraping ASP.NET with Python and urllib2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to write a program that sends an e-mail to one or more specified recipients when a certain event occurs. For this I need the user to write the parameters for the mail server into a config. Possible values are for example: serveradress, ports, ssl(true\/false) and a list of desired recipients.\nWhats the user-friendliest\/best-practice way to do this?\nI could of course use a python file with the correct parameters and the user has to fill it out, but I wouldn't consider this user friendly. I also read about the 'config' module in python, but it seems to me that it's made for creating config files on its own, and not to have users fill the files out themselves.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1174,"Q_Id":5980101,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I doesn't matter technically proficient your users are; you can count on them to screw up editing a text file.  (They'll save it in the wrong place. They'll use MS Word to edit a text file.  They'll make typos.)  I suggest making a gui that validates the input and creates the configuration file in the correct format and location.  A simple gui created in Tkinter would probably fit your needs.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,configuration","A_Id":5980640,"CreationDate":"2011-05-12T15:05:00.000","Title":"Userfriendly way of handling config files in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"given that these all have different values:\n\nHTTP browser accept language header\nparameter \nHTTP GET human language parameter eg. hl=en or hl=fr \nCookie value for language choice\n\nHow should we decide which language to display pages in if deciding based on these values? It's also thinkable saving user's preferred language to the data layer for a fourth way to let agents and users decide language. \nThanks in advance for answers and comments","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":140,"Q_Id":6006839,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"If you have a saved preference somewhere, then that would be the first choice.\nThe cookie value is, presumably, what they chose last time they were around so that would be the first thing to check.\nThe hl parameter is something that Google has figured out and they probably know what they're doing so that seems like a sensible third choice.\nThen we have the HTTP headers or a final default so check the accept language header next. And finally, have a default language in place just in case all else fails.\nSo, in order:\n\nSaved preference.\nCookie.\nhl parameter.\nHTTP accept language header.\nBuilt in default.\n\nIdeally you'd backtrack up the list once you get a language from somewhere so that you'd have less work to do on the next request. For example, if you ended up getting the language from the accept language header, you'd want to: set hl (possibly redirecting), store it in the cookie, and save the preference in their user settings (if you have such a permanent store and a signed in person).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,django,google-app-engine,internationalization,nlp","A_Id":6007173,"CreationDate":"2011-05-15T06:19:00.000","Title":"How to prioritize internationalization parameters","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using gevent patched socket to connect to a streaming server and I'm using an adsl connection. \nI don't control the server but in my tests, if I stop the server I can detect the disconnection by just checking if the result from recv is an empty string, but if I turn off my adsl modem recv never exits. If I just disconnect my computer's network cable it doesn't return an empty string either, but when I reconnect it, it returns everything the server sent in the meantime, so I'm guessing the router or modem is keeping the connection open for me and buffering the stream while my network cable is disconnected.\nI tried setting socket.SO_RCVTIMEO to a few seconds but it didn't detect the disconnection, recv continues to \"block\" forever. This is gevent, so it only blocks the greenthread, but I need to detect this disconnection as soon as possible so I can try to reconnect.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5998,"Q_Id":6009365,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"it's not detecting the disconnection because there wasn't any disconnection, the TCP \"connection\" is still alive and suppose to be reliable. if for example you unplug your LAN cable, and the re-plug it, the connection will still work.\nif you really want to detect the disconnection ASAP, then i guess you should just parse every second the os network status (ifconfig\/ipconfig)\/ or use os events, and do what you want when you detect network disconnection.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,gevent","A_Id":6010876,"CreationDate":"2011-05-15T15:35:00.000","Title":"How do I detect a socket disconnection? \/ How do I call socket.recv with a timeout?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Occasionally I'm querying a server for JSON and receiving a 404 HTML page when the requested data is not available.  \nThus, I must have a check to ensure that the JSON I'm expecting, is actually json rather than HTML.  I'm accomplishing this now by checking for a string that I can expect to be in the HTML is contained in the response, but I think there has to be a better way to do this.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":817,"Q_Id":6011596,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Find the first non-whitespace character. If it's \"<\" then you have HTML.\nAlso, check the content type header and HTTP status code.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,json,simplejson","A_Id":6011614,"CreationDate":"2011-05-15T22:08:00.000","Title":"How to validate JSON with simplejson","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"From the python docs on urllib.urlopen(), talking about the file-like object the function returns on success:\n\n(It is not a built-in file object, however, so it can\u2019t be used at those few places where a true built-in file object is required.)\n\nWhat are those few places where a true built-in file object is required?\nNB: This is purely out of curiosity... no practical problem to be solved here.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":177,"Q_Id":6012043,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For example, f.fileno() doesn't necessarily return a true OS-level file descriptor that you could use with os.read().","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,api,file,interface,standard-library","A_Id":6012172,"CreationDate":"2011-05-15T23:48:00.000","Title":"python: where is a true built-in file object required?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"From the python docs on urllib.urlopen(), talking about the file-like object the function returns on success:\n\n(It is not a built-in file object, however, so it can\u2019t be used at those few places where a true built-in file object is required.)\n\nWhat are those few places where a true built-in file object is required?\nNB: This is purely out of curiosity... no practical problem to be solved here.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":177,"Q_Id":6012043,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"As the other answers have noted, there isn't really anywhere that specifically needs a file object, but there are interfaces that need real OS level file descriptors, which file-like objects like StringIO can't provide.\nThe os module has several methods that operate directly on file descriptors, as do the select and mmap modules. Some higher level modules rely on those under the hood, so may exhibit some limitations when working with file-like objects that don't support the fileno() method.\nI'm not aware of any consistent documentation of these limitations, though (aside from the obvious one of APIs that accept numeric file descriptors rather than objects). It's more a matter of \"try it and see if it works\". If things don't work, then this is something to keep in the back of your mind to check as a possible culprit (especially if phrases like \"no attribute named 'fileno'\" or \"invalid file descriptor\" appear in any relevant error messages).","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,api,file,interface,standard-library","A_Id":6016974,"CreationDate":"2011-05-15T23:48:00.000","Title":"python: where is a true built-in file object required?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"SHORT: my python code generates a webpage with a table.  i'm considering rewriting it to generate a js file instead, that holds the table contents in an array ... and then let the table be generated client-side. I am not sure of the pros and cons.  Anyone care to offer their experience\/insight?  Are there other solutions?\nLONG: the web page contains a single table and an embedded gmap.  the table is a set of locations with several columns of location-stats and also two navigation columns.  one nav column consists of onclicks that will recenter embedded gmap to the lat,lon of the location.  the other nav column consists of hrefs that open a new window with a gmap centered on the lat,lon.\nUntil recently, my python code would do some number crunching on a list of files, and then generate the html file. also i wrote a js file that keeps the webpage liquid upon browser window resizing.\nRecently, I modified my python code so that it:\n\nplaced the lat,lon info in a custom attribute of the tr elements\nno longer produced the nav column tds\n\nand then wrote a js function that \n\nloops through the trs onLoad\nreads the lat,lon from the custom attribute\ninserts the nav tds\n\nfwiw, this reduced the size of the html file by 70% while increasing the js by 10%.\nok, so now I am debating if I should go all the way and write my python code to generate 2 files \n\nan essentially abstract html file\na js file containing a js array of the locations and their stats","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":77,"Q_Id":6022119,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"If your API can output a JSON document with your data, you gain significant flexibility and future-proofing.  This might even be something your users will want to access directly for their own external consumption.  And of course your JS code can easily generate a table from this data.\nHowever nobody here can tell you whether this is worth doing or not, as that depends entirely on the scope of your project and opportunity cost of time spent re-architecting.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,dhtml","A_Id":6022254,"CreationDate":"2011-05-16T19:07:00.000","Title":"Advice: where to situate html table content: in JS or HTML","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How I should call webbrowser.get() function so I open the chrome web browser? I'm running Ubuntu 11.04 and Python version 2.7. \nUsing webbrowser.get('chrome') yields an error.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":20001,"Q_Id":6042335,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"for mac, do this \nwebbrowser.get(\"open -a \/Applications\/Google\\ Chrome.app %s\").open(\"http:\/\/google.com\")","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,browser,ubuntu-11.04","A_Id":22594464,"CreationDate":"2011-05-18T09:12:00.000","Title":"Calling Chrome web browser from the webbrowser.get() in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a API or systematic way of stripping irrelevant parts of a web page while scraping it via Python? For instance, take this very page -- the only important part is the question and the answers, not the side bar column, header, etc. One can guess things like that, but is there any smart way of doing it?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":171,"Q_Id":6051175,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"One approach is to compare the structure of multiple webpages that share the same template. In this case you would compare multiple SO questions. Then you can determine which content is static (useless) or dynamic (useful). \nThis field is known as wrapper induction. Unfortunately it is harder than it sounds!","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,web-scraping","A_Id":6097514,"CreationDate":"2011-05-18T21:19:00.000","Title":"Stripping irrelevant parts of a web page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any method to connect to vpn through python and have that traffic of that application only route through the said VPN?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2644,"Q_Id":6058818,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Python itself can't be used to route traffic; though you can use it to execute system commands to change your routing table.  If you're on Linux, you need to use the ip command from the iproute2 and iptables from netfilter to change the routing behavior of specific traffic.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,vpn","A_Id":6058965,"CreationDate":"2011-05-19T12:47:00.000","Title":"routing a only specific traffic through a vpn connection via python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any method to connect to vpn through python and have that traffic of that application only route through the said VPN?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2644,"Q_Id":6058818,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Please, be more specific in your question. Generally, yes, it is possible.\nIf you use python 2.7 or newer, you can use source_address option for http connections (see reference for libraries you use) as tuple ('interface address', port).\nIf you use sockets in your app, use socket.bind(('interface address', port)) on created socket before socket.connect().","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,vpn","A_Id":41357041,"CreationDate":"2011-05-19T12:47:00.000","Title":"routing a only specific traffic through a vpn connection via python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any method in selenium to get that text is a Link or simple text","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":872,"Q_Id":6067613,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are looking for something like isThisLink(String textToBeValidated), then no. Selenium doesn't have such a method. You will have to write custom code to validate that.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":6068761,"CreationDate":"2011-05-20T04:54:00.000","Title":"Is there any method in selenium to get that text is a \"Link\" or simple text","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any method in selenium to get that text is a Link or simple text","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":872,"Q_Id":6067613,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use is_element_present('link=' + text). This will return true if text is a link otherwise false. Caution: You need to escape special characters in text. While testing this I was looking for a link that had a question mark in it and it was not found.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":6082293,"CreationDate":"2011-05-20T04:54:00.000","Title":"Is there any method in selenium to get that text is a \"Link\" or simple text","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any method in selenium to get that text is a Link or simple text","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":872,"Q_Id":6067613,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can user getText() method in the below way:\nselenium.getText(\"ID or xpath\");\nHappy Learning , Happy Sharing...","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":6087908,"CreationDate":"2011-05-20T04:54:00.000","Title":"Is there any method in selenium to get that text is a \"Link\" or simple text","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a vxml (voicexml) parser in python language. Need to use the parsed vxml tags and interact with freeswitch to run IVR. Can anyone help me with any kind of opensource vxml parsers?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1073,"Q_Id":6071395,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Isn't any standard XML parser enough? You could just write a quick wrapper to get the elemenents you're interested in (although xpath will also do that for you).\nTo verify correctness, the VXML schema \/ definition should be enough (as long as your chosen XML parser supports them)\nIf XML parser is too low level, let us know what do you expect from that kind of library.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,parsing,ivr,vxml,freeswitch","A_Id":6071833,"CreationDate":"2011-05-20T11:41:00.000","Title":"I am looking for a vxml (voicexml) parser in python language","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"It seems like typical crawlers that just download a small number of pages or do very little processing to decide what pages to download are IO limited.\nI am curious as to what order of magnitude estimates of sizes relevant data structures, number of stored pages, indexing requirements etc that might actually make CPU the bottleneck?\nFor example an application might want to calculate some probabilities based on the links found on a page in order to decide what page to crawl next. This function takes O(noOfLinks) and is evaluated N times (at each step)...where N is the number of pages I want to download in one round of crawling.I have to sort and keep track of these probabilities and i have to keep track of a list of O(N) that will eventually be dumped into disk and the index of a search engine. Is it not possible (assuming one machine) that N grows large enough and that storing the pages and manipulating the links gets expensive enough to compete with the IO response?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":210,"Q_Id":6079020,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're using tomcat search for \"Crawler Session Manager Valve\"","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,c++,python,performance,web-crawler","A_Id":6081622,"CreationDate":"2011-05-21T01:26:00.000","Title":"In what scenarios might a web crawler be CPU limited as opposed to IO limited?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"It seems like typical crawlers that just download a small number of pages or do very little processing to decide what pages to download are IO limited.\nI am curious as to what order of magnitude estimates of sizes relevant data structures, number of stored pages, indexing requirements etc that might actually make CPU the bottleneck?\nFor example an application might want to calculate some probabilities based on the links found on a page in order to decide what page to crawl next. This function takes O(noOfLinks) and is evaluated N times (at each step)...where N is the number of pages I want to download in one round of crawling.I have to sort and keep track of these probabilities and i have to keep track of a list of O(N) that will eventually be dumped into disk and the index of a search engine. Is it not possible (assuming one machine) that N grows large enough and that storing the pages and manipulating the links gets expensive enough to compete with the IO response?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":210,"Q_Id":6079020,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Only when you are doing extensive processing on each page. eg if you are running some sort of AI to try to guess the semantics of the page.\nEven if your crawler is running on a really fast connection, there is still overhead creating connections, and you may also be limited by the bandwidth of the target machines","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,c++,python,performance,web-crawler","A_Id":6079060,"CreationDate":"2011-05-21T01:26:00.000","Title":"In what scenarios might a web crawler be CPU limited as opposed to IO limited?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"It seems like typical crawlers that just download a small number of pages or do very little processing to decide what pages to download are IO limited.\nI am curious as to what order of magnitude estimates of sizes relevant data structures, number of stored pages, indexing requirements etc that might actually make CPU the bottleneck?\nFor example an application might want to calculate some probabilities based on the links found on a page in order to decide what page to crawl next. This function takes O(noOfLinks) and is evaluated N times (at each step)...where N is the number of pages I want to download in one round of crawling.I have to sort and keep track of these probabilities and i have to keep track of a list of O(N) that will eventually be dumped into disk and the index of a search engine. Is it not possible (assuming one machine) that N grows large enough and that storing the pages and manipulating the links gets expensive enough to compete with the IO response?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":210,"Q_Id":6079020,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the page contains pictures and you are trying to do face recognition on the pictures (ie to form a map of pages that have pictures of each person). That may be CPU bound because of the processing involved.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,c++,python,performance,web-crawler","A_Id":6080282,"CreationDate":"2011-05-21T01:26:00.000","Title":"In what scenarios might a web crawler be CPU limited as opposed to IO limited?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"It seems like typical crawlers that just download a small number of pages or do very little processing to decide what pages to download are IO limited.\nI am curious as to what order of magnitude estimates of sizes relevant data structures, number of stored pages, indexing requirements etc that might actually make CPU the bottleneck?\nFor example an application might want to calculate some probabilities based on the links found on a page in order to decide what page to crawl next. This function takes O(noOfLinks) and is evaluated N times (at each step)...where N is the number of pages I want to download in one round of crawling.I have to sort and keep track of these probabilities and i have to keep track of a list of O(N) that will eventually be dumped into disk and the index of a search engine. Is it not possible (assuming one machine) that N grows large enough and that storing the pages and manipulating the links gets expensive enough to compete with the IO response?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":210,"Q_Id":6079020,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Not really. It takes I\/O to download these additional links, and you're right back to I\/O-limited again.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,c++,python,performance,web-crawler","A_Id":6079035,"CreationDate":"2011-05-21T01:26:00.000","Title":"In what scenarios might a web crawler be CPU limited as opposed to IO limited?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was wondering is there any tutorial out there that can teach you how to push multiple files from desktop to a PHP based web server with use of Python application?\nEdited\nI am going to be writing this so I am wondering in general what would be the best method to push files from my desktop to web server. As read from some responses about FTP so I will look into that (no sFTP support sadly) so just old plain FTP, or my other option is to push the data and have PHP read the data thats being send to it pretty much like Action Script + Flash file unloader I made which pushes the files to the server and they are then fetched by PHP and it goes on from that point on.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2176,"Q_Id":6085280,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think you're referring to a application made in php running on some website in which case thats just normal HTTP stuff.\nSo just look at what name the file field has on the html form generated by that php script and then do a normal post. (urllib2 or whatever you use)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"php,python,file-upload","A_Id":6085309,"CreationDate":"2011-05-22T00:27:00.000","Title":"how to upload files to PHP server with use of Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an application that has a \"private\" REST API; I use RESTful URLs when making Ajax calls from my own webpages. However, this is unsecure, and anyone could make those same calls if they knew the URL patterns. \nWhat's the best (or standard) way to secure these calls? Is it worth looking at something like OAuth now if I intend to release an API in the future, or am I mixing two separate strategies together? \nI am using Google App Engine for Python and Tipfy.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4137,"Q_Id":6091784,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Securing a javascript client is nearly impossible; at the server, you have no fool-proof way to differentiate between a human using a web browser and a well-crafted script.\nSSL encrypts data over the wire but decrypts at the edges, so that's no help. It prevents man-in-the-middle attacks, but does nothing to verify the legitimacy of the original client.\nOAuth is good for securing requests between two servers, but for a Javascript client, it doesn't really help: anyone reading your javascript code can find your consumer key\/secret, and then they can forge signed requests.\nSome things you can do to mitigate API scraping:\n\nGenerate short-lived session cookies when someone visits your website. Require a valid session cookie to invoke the REST API.\nGenerate short-lived request tokens and include them in your website HTML; require a valid request token inside each API request.\nRequire users of your website to log in (Google Accounts \/ OpenID); check auth cookie before handling API requests.\nRate-limit API requests. If you see too many requests from one client in a short time frame, block them.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,rest,restful-authentication,tipfy","A_Id":6098282,"CreationDate":"2011-05-23T00:36:00.000","Title":"How do I secure REST calls I am making in-app?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"As asked in the title, are open('...','w').write('...') and urllib.urlopen('..') asynchronous calls?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":428,"Q_Id":6100934,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"No. If you need them to be asynchronous then consider looking at event frameworks such as Twisted, glib, or Qt.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,file-io,urllib","A_Id":6100976,"CreationDate":"2011-05-23T17:52:00.000","Title":"Are python's file write() and urlopen() methods asynchronous?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have two Python programs running on two linux servers. Now we want to send messages between these Python programs. The best idea so far is to create a TCP\/IP server and client architecture, but this seems like a very complicate way to do it. Is this really best practice for doing such a thing?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1949,"Q_Id":6121180,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"This really depends on the kind of messaging you want and the roles of the two processes. If it's proper \"client\/server\", I would probably create a SimpleHTTPServer and then use HTTP to communicate between the two. You can also use XMLRPCLib and the client to talk between them. Manually creating a TCP server with your own custom protocol sounds like a bad idea to me. You might also consider using a message queue system to communicate between them.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,linux,python-3.x","A_Id":6121275,"CreationDate":"2011-05-25T07:49:00.000","Title":"Interprocess messaging between two Python programs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using imaplib for my project because I need to access gmails accounts.\nFact: With gmail's labels each message may be on an arbitrary number of folders\/boxes\/labels.\nThe problem is that I would like to get every single label from every single message.\nThe first solution it cames to my mind is to use \"All Mail\" folder to get all messages and then, for each message, check if that message is in each one of the available folders.\nHowever, I find this solution heavy and I was wondering if there's a better way to do this.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5550,"Q_Id":6123164,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"in imap you don't have labels, gmail 'emulates' them on imap, you can low at the raw source of a message picked from imap an check if it has some custom header with the label","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,gmail,imaplib","A_Id":6128926,"CreationDate":"2011-05-25T10:41:00.000","Title":"Python\/imaplib - How to get messages' labels?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been thinking about how to implement mirror picking in Python. When I call on service API I get response with IP address. Now I want to take that address and check if it's close to me or not. If not, retry. I thought about pinging, as I have only ~1ms ping to the IP addresses hosted in same data center, but much higher across the world. I looked up some examples of how to implement pinging in Python, but it seems fairly complicated and feels a bit hackish (like checking if target IP is less than 10ms). There may be better ways to tackle this issue, that I may not be aware of.\nWhat are your ideas? I can't download any test file each time to test speed. GeoIP or ping? Or something else?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":881,"Q_Id":6159173,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Call all the service API instances and use which ever responds quickest.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ping,geo,geoip","A_Id":6159184,"CreationDate":"2011-05-28T01:47:00.000","Title":"How to choose closest\/fastest mirror in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a client and a server, both written in Python 2.7.\nLets say I wanted to make a multiplayer game server (which I don't at the moment but I'm working towards it). I would need to keep the server up to date (and other clients) on my characters whereabouts, correct?\nHow would I do this with sockets? Send or request information only when it is needed (e.g the character moves, or another players character moves and the server sends the information to other clients) or would I keep a constant socket open to send data real-time of EVERYBODY's movement regardless of if they have actually done something since the last piece of data was sent or not.\nI won't struggle coding it, I just need help with the concept of how I would actually do it.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":83,"Q_Id":6171112,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"With TCP sockets it is more typical to leave the connections open, given the teardown & rebuild cost. \nEventually when scaling you will do look into NewIO\\RawIO.\nIf you do not, imagine that the game client might take a step & not get confirmation if sending it to the server & other players.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":6171227,"CreationDate":"2011-05-29T23:29:00.000","Title":"How would I keep a constant piece of data updated through a socket in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a troublesome problem socket.error error: [Errno 10048]: Address already in use. Only one usage of each socket address (protocol\/IP address\/port) is normally permitted during automated tests using Selenium with Python. The problem is so interesting that it runs on one machine (Linux) works correctly, but on another machine (WindowsXP) generates this error.\nI would add that the problem arose after the reinstallation of the system and set up all over again - with the previous configuration everything worked properly.\nIs there maybe something I forgot? Has anyone come up with such a problem before?\nDoes anyone have an idea of \u200b\u200bhow to deal with this problem?\nThe current configuration \/ libraries:\npython 2.7, numpy, selenium.py","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15849,"Q_Id":6176445,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are several possibilities. If none of your tests can listen on some port (you don't say what port) then perhaps your Windows machine is running something on a port that you previously had open; this new service may have appeared during the reinstall. If, on the other hand, it's only a problem for some tests, or it's a little sporadic, then it may be either a programming issue (forgetting to close a socket in an early test which interferes with a later one) or a timing issue  (the earlier test's socket isn't quite through closing before the new one tries to open up). Obviously there are different ways to address each of these problems, but I don't think we can help more than this without more details.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium-rc,socketexception","A_Id":6176514,"CreationDate":"2011-05-30T12:44:00.000","Title":"problem: Socket error [Address already in use] in python\/selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a troublesome problem socket.error error: [Errno 10048]: Address already in use. Only one usage of each socket address (protocol\/IP address\/port) is normally permitted during automated tests using Selenium with Python. The problem is so interesting that it runs on one machine (Linux) works correctly, but on another machine (WindowsXP) generates this error.\nI would add that the problem arose after the reinstallation of the system and set up all over again - with the previous configuration everything worked properly.\nIs there maybe something I forgot? Has anyone come up with such a problem before?\nDoes anyone have an idea of \u200b\u200bhow to deal with this problem?\nThe current configuration \/ libraries:\npython 2.7, numpy, selenium.py","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15849,"Q_Id":6176445,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Maybe there is a software on your Windows that already use port 4444, can you try set Selenium to another port and try again?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium-rc,socketexception","A_Id":6176956,"CreationDate":"2011-05-30T12:44:00.000","Title":"problem: Socket error [Address already in use] in python\/selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i have to retrieve some text from a website called morningstar.com . To access that data i have to log in. Once i log in and provide the url  of the web page  ,  i get the HTML text of a normal user (not logged in).As a result am not able to accees that information . ANy solutions ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":563,"Q_Id":6215808,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"BeautifulSoup is for parsing html once you've already fetched it.  You can fetch the html using any standard url fetching library.  I prefer curl, as you tagged your post, python's built-in urllib2 also works well.\nIf you're saying that after logging in the response html is the same as for those who are not logged in, I'm gonna guess that your login is failing for some reason.  If you are using urllib2, are are you making sure to store the cookie properly after your first login and then passing this cookie to urllib2 when you are sending the request for the data?\nIt would help if you posted the code you are using to make the two requests (the initial login, and the attempt to fetch the data).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2,beautifulsoup","A_Id":6216054,"CreationDate":"2011-06-02T14:21:00.000","Title":"How to extract text from a web page that requires logging in using python and beautiful soup?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've setup an Amazon EC2 server. I have a Python script that is supposed to download large amounts of data from the web onto the server. I can run the script from the terminal through ssh, however very often I loose the ssh connection. When I loose the connection, the script stops.\nIs there a method where I tell the script to run from terminal and when I disconnect, the script is still running on the server?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":15157,"Q_Id":6232564,"Users Score":40,"Answer":"You have a few options.\n\nYou can add your script to cron to be run regularly.\nYou can run your script manually, and detach+background it using nohup.\nYou can run a tool such as GNU Screen, and detach your terminal and log out, only to continue where you left off later. I use this a lot.\n\nFor example:\n\nLog in to your machine, run: screen.\nStart your script and either just close your terminal or properly detach your session with: Ctrl+A, D, D.\nDisconnect from your terminal.\nReconnect at some later time, and run screen -rD. You should see your stuff just as you left it.\n\n\nYou can also add your script to \/etc\/rc.d\/ to be invoked on book and always be running.","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,amazon-ec2","A_Id":6232612,"CreationDate":"2011-06-03T20:53:00.000","Title":"How to continuously run a Python script on an EC2 server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I tried using mechanize to see the URL of the image, but its a dynamic page generating a different image each time. I was wondering if there was any way to \"capture\" this image for viewing\/saving.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":540,"Q_Id":6232780,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The only way to save the image would be to make a single call to the CATPCHA URL programatically, save the result, and then present that saved result to the user. The whole point of CAPTCHA is that each request generates a unique\/different reponse\/image.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":6232816,"CreationDate":"2011-06-03T21:17:00.000","Title":"Capturing CAPTCHA image with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to grab some data from websites in my django website.\nNow i am confused whether i should use python parsing libraries or web crawling libraries. Does search engine libraries also fall in same category\nI want to know how much is the difference between the two and if i want to use those functions  inside my website which should i use","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2480,"Q_Id":6236794,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"HTML parse will parse the page and you can collect the links present in it. These links you can add to queue and visit these pages. Combine these steps in a loop and you made a basic crawler.\nCrawling libraries are the ready to use solutions which do the crawling. They provide more features like detection of recursive links, cycles etc. A lot of features you would want to code would have already been done within these libraries.\nHowever first option is preferred if you have some special requirements which libraries do not satisfy.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,django,web-crawler","A_Id":6236831,"CreationDate":"2011-06-04T12:41:00.000","Title":"How much is the difference between html parsing and web crawling in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a method in my script that pulls a Twitter RSS feed, parses it with FeedPharser, wraps it in TwiML (Twilio-flavored XML) using the twilio module, and returns the resulting response in a CherryPy method via str(). This works my fine in development environment (Kubuntu 10.10); I have had mixed results on my server (Ubuntu Server 10.10 on Linode).\nFor the first few months, all was well. Then, the method described above began to fail with something like:\n\nUnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec\n  can't encode character u'\\u2019' in\n  position 259: ordinal not in\n  range(128)\n\nBut, when I run the exact same code on  the same feed, with the same python version, on the the same OS, on my development box, the code executes fine. However, I should note that even when it does work properly, some characters aren't outputted right. For example:\n\n\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 \n\nrather than \n\n'\n\nTo solve this anomaly, I simply rebuilt my VPS from scratch, which worked for a few more months, and then the error came back.\nThe server automatically installs updated Ubuntu packages, but so does my development box. I can't think of anything that could cause this. Any help is appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":238,"Q_Id":6246850,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A few reboots later (for unrelated reasons) and it's working again. How odd....","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,cherrypy,feedparser","A_Id":6279095,"CreationDate":"2011-06-06T00:22:00.000","Title":"What could cause a UnicodeEncodeError exception to creep into a working Python environment?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to do lot html parsing \/ scraping \/search engine \/crawling.\nThere are many libraries currently like Scrapy, Beautiful Soup, lxml , lxml2 requests, pyquery.\nNow i don't want to try each of these and then decide. basically i want to follow on one and then study in detail and then use that most often.\nSo which library should i go for which can perform all function mentioned above. Even though there may be diff solutions for diff problems. But i want onelibrary which could do all things even though it takes time to code but should be possible\nIs it possible to do indexing in lxml? Is PyQuery same as lxml or its different?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":162,"Q_Id":6248424,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm using Beautiful Soup and am very happy with it. So far it answered all my scraping needs. Two main benefits:\n\nIt's pretty good at handling non-perfect HTML. Since browsers are quite lax, many HTML documents aren't 100% well-formed\nIn addition to high-level access APIs, it has low-level APIs which make it extendible if some specific scraping need isn't directly provided","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,parsing,search,web-crawler","A_Id":6248603,"CreationDate":"2011-06-06T06:21:00.000","Title":"If i have to choose only one html scraping library for python, which should i choose","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to do lot html parsing \/ scraping \/search engine \/crawling.\nThere are many libraries currently like Scrapy, Beautiful Soup, lxml , lxml2 requests, pyquery.\nNow i don't want to try each of these and then decide. basically i want to follow on one and then study in detail and then use that most often.\nSo which library should i go for which can perform all function mentioned above. Even though there may be diff solutions for diff problems. But i want onelibrary which could do all things even though it takes time to code but should be possible\nIs it possible to do indexing in lxml? Is PyQuery same as lxml or its different?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":162,"Q_Id":6248424,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Since lots of HTML documents are not well-formed but rather a bunch of tags (sometimes not even properly nested) you probably want to go with BeautifulSoup instead of one of the xml-based parsers.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,parsing,search,web-crawler","A_Id":6248605,"CreationDate":"2011-06-06T06:21:00.000","Title":"If i have to choose only one html scraping library for python, which should i choose","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to find whether two web pages are similar or not. Can someone suggest if python nltk with wordnet similarity functions helpful and how? What is the best similarity function to be used in this case?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6475,"Q_Id":6252236,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"consider implementing Spotsigs","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,nlp,nltk,wordnet","A_Id":6254429,"CreationDate":"2011-06-06T12:47:00.000","Title":"using python nltk to find similarity between two web pages?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Beautiful Soup for parsing web pages. \nAre there any functions in BS which i can use i making search engine or crawling the website to index it in database.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":262,"Q_Id":6260277,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, BeautifulSoup is not a search engine. It is also not a Swiss Army knife, nor can it make you a sandwich. You will need a database (preferably one that's optimized for search, like Sphinx or Lucene) to do that.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,search,beautifulsoup","A_Id":6260471,"CreationDate":"2011-06-07T03:17:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to code search engine in beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Now I use lxml to parse HTML in python. But I haven't found any API to get font information of a text node. Is there any librafy to do that?\nThanks very much!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":203,"Q_Id":6273635,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can't get this information from the text nodes in the HTML, because it isn't there.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":6274197,"CreationDate":"2011-06-08T02:38:00.000","Title":"How to get font of a HTML node with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to use the Facebook graph api to publish a swf file on my wall, and was wondering if there is anyway I can control the height of the swf file. It looks like facebook sets the height to 259px automatically. Any help would be really appreciated!\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":570,"Q_Id":6286449,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The answer was to use the still not completely deprecated REST api, which has that functionality.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"php,python,facebook,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":6337169,"CreationDate":"2011-06-08T23:23:00.000","Title":"Controlling size of swf file posted to wall using graph api","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use the Facebook graph api to publish a swf file on my wall, and was wondering if there is anyway I can control the height of the swf file. It looks like facebook sets the height to 259px automatically. Any help would be really appreciated!\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":570,"Q_Id":6286449,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Facebook will automatically set the size to width:398px;height:259px.\nThe movie will be stretched to accomodate this.\nIf your movie is a different size, the best thing to do is to make sure it is at least the same aspect ratio.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"php,python,facebook,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":6292361,"CreationDate":"2011-06-08T23:23:00.000","Title":"Controlling size of swf file posted to wall using graph api","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm a Python programmer specializing in web-scraping, I had to ask this question as I found nothing relevant. \nI want to know what are the popular, well documented frameworks that are available for Python for scraping pure Javascript based sites? Currently I know Mechanize and Beautiful Soup but they do not interact with Javascript so I'm looking for something different. I would prefer something that would be as elegant and simple as mechanize.\nI've done a bit of research and so far I've heard about Selenium, Selenium 2 and Windmill.\nRight now I'm trying to choose among one these three and I do not know of any others.\nSo can anyone point out the features of these frameworks and what makes them different? I heard that Selenium uses a separate server to do all it's task and it seems to be feature rich. Also what is the core difference between Selenium and Selenium2? Please enlighten me if I'm wrong, and if you know of any other frameworks do mention it's features and other details.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1041,"Q_Id":6321696,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Before using tools like Selenium that are designed for front end testing and not for scraping, you should have a look at where the data on the site comes from. Find out what XHR requests are made, what parameters they take and what the result is.\nFor example the site you mentioned in your comment does a POST request with lots of parameters in JavaScript and displays the result. You probably only need to use the result of this POST request to get your data.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,web-scraping,selenium-webdriver,windmill","A_Id":6322502,"CreationDate":"2011-06-12T11:32:00.000","Title":"Choosing a Python webscraping framework for handling pure Javascript based sites","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a python script that scrapes a website, where the website uses OpenID auth to identify me via google.\nIs there a python library that will handle do this for me, or do I need to find out and replicate the steps that my browser already does?\nOtherwise, is there some standard way of doing this in some other language?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":698,"Q_Id":6330335,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"From the client's perspective, an OpenID login is very similar to any other web-based login. There isn't a defined protocol for the client; it is an ordinary web session that varies based on your OpenID provider. For this reason, I doubt that any such libraries exist. You will probably have to code it yourself.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,authentication,openid,google-openid","A_Id":6330374,"CreationDate":"2011-06-13T12:21:00.000","Title":"Python - How to request pages from website that uses OpenID","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to transfer files from say server A to server B directly. The script performing this operation is residing on some other server say C. How can it be achieved without being saving files temporarily on server C or local system..","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":529,"Q_Id":6333590,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Create ssh key pairs for each server, use ssh-copy-id to copy public keys from server A to Server B, and from Server C to Server A.\nAll you have to do then is to tell your script to ssh to remote server A and then execute scp to copy files over to Server B.\nEdit: You have to setup your ssh keys without a passphrase ! (Or use ssh-agent on server C and server A)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,paramiko","A_Id":6343363,"CreationDate":"2011-06-13T16:53:00.000","Title":"establish connection with multiple servers simultaneously using python paramiko package","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there anyway I can add a link to a flash file I post on my wall using the rest\/graph api, such that when a user clicks on the flash file playing, it takes them to my app?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":262,"Q_Id":6339541,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I suppose so... just set a click event handler inside the Flash movie to redirect the user to wherever you want.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,flash,facebook,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":6349413,"CreationDate":"2011-06-14T05:42:00.000","Title":"Link within flash file posted on facebook wall possible?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there anyway I can add a link to a flash file I post on my wall using the rest\/graph api, such that when a user clicks on the flash file playing, it takes them to my app?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":262,"Q_Id":6339541,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't know if you still require this , But here is the solution to what you are seeking: \nUse the Feed dialog , and specify in the link parameter the URL of your APP , and in the source parameter , the URL of the flash file you want to post.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,flash,facebook,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":15536720,"CreationDate":"2011-06-14T05:42:00.000","Title":"Link within flash file posted on facebook wall possible?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In python the recv is a blocking function or not? I'm learned in the Uni C and there the was blocking and non-blocking socket. So I just wan to ask weather in python the recv function is a blocking function or not.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":653,"Q_Id":6340739,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The socket in Python is blocking by default, unless you change it.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,recv","A_Id":6340763,"CreationDate":"2011-06-14T08:07:00.000","Title":"Python tcp send receive functions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm a python beginner, and I'm curious how can I send a dictionary through TCP","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2449186624,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":22945,"Q_Id":6341823,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Pickle is considered insecure for sending data structures across connections as the object can never be trustfully reconstructed. This is why yaml, json or any other format is considered preferable.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,dictionary,tcp","A_Id":6341947,"CreationDate":"2011-06-14T09:52:00.000","Title":"Python sending dictionary through TCP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm a python beginner, and I'm curious how can I send a dictionary through TCP","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":22945,"Q_Id":6341823,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"yes. its might be unsecured. but you can use https and send it thru post method. for get mehtod, try to consider encrypt pickle before sending","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,dictionary,tcp","A_Id":46536775,"CreationDate":"2011-06-14T09:52:00.000","Title":"Python sending dictionary through TCP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to \"skip\" a line using a SAX XML parser?\nI've got a non-confirming XML document which is a concatenation of valid XML documents and thus the <?xml ...?> appears for each document.  Also note I need to use a SAX parser since the input documents are huge.\nI tried crafting a \"custom stream\" class as feeder for the parser but quickly realized that SAX uses the read method and thus reads stuff in \"byte arrays\" thereby exploding the complexity of this project.\nthanks!\nUPDATE: I know there is way around this using csplit but I am after a Python based solution if at all possible within reasonable limits.\nUpdate2: Maybe I should have said \"skipping to next document\", that would have made more sense. Anyhow, that's what I need: a way of parsing multiple documents from a single input stream.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":494,"Q_Id":6344070,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"When you are concatenating the documents together, just replace the beginning <? and ?> with <!-- and -->, this will comment out the xml declarations.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,sax","A_Id":6657346,"CreationDate":"2011-06-14T13:17:00.000","Title":"python sax parser skipping over exception","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to download multiple images concurrently using Python over the internet, and I've looked at several option but none of them seem satisfactory.\nI've considered pyCurl, but don't really understand the example code, and it seems to be way overkill for a task as simple as this.\nurlgrabber seems to be a good choice, but the documentation says that the batch download feature is still in development.\nI can't find anything in the documentation for urllib2.\nIs there an option that actually works and is simpler to implement? Thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":500,"Q_Id":6363111,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It's not fancy, but you can use urllib.urlretrieve, and a pool of threads or processes running it.\nBecause they're waiting on network IO, you can get multiple threads running concurrently - stick the URLs and destination filenames in a Queue.Queue, and have each thread suck them up.\nIf you use multiprocessing, it's even easier - just create a Pool of processes, and call mypool.map with the function and iterable of arguments. There isn't a thread pool in the standard library, but you can get a third party module if you need to avoid launching separate processes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,curl,concurrency,download,urllib2","A_Id":6363541,"CreationDate":"2011-06-15T19:24:00.000","Title":"Downloading images from multiple websites concurrently using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web page that uses a Python cgi script to store requested information for later retrieval by me. As an example, the web page has a text box that asks \"What is your name?\" When the user inputs his name and hits the submit button, the web page calls the Python cgi script which writes the user's name to mytextfile.txt on the web site. The problem is that if anyone goes to www.mydomain.com\/mytextfile.txt, they can see all of the information written to the text file. Is there a solution to this? Or am I using the wrong tool? Thanks for your time.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":104,"Q_Id":6371097,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Definitely the wrong tool. Multiple times.\n\nStore the file outside of the document root.\nStore a key to the file in the user's session.\nUse a web framework.\nUse WSGI.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,cgi","A_Id":6371127,"CreationDate":"2011-06-16T11:30:00.000","Title":"Python CGI how to save requested information securely?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web page that uses a Python cgi script to store requested information for later retrieval by me. As an example, the web page has a text box that asks \"What is your name?\" When the user inputs his name and hits the submit button, the web page calls the Python cgi script which writes the user's name to mytextfile.txt on the web site. The problem is that if anyone goes to www.mydomain.com\/mytextfile.txt, they can see all of the information written to the text file. Is there a solution to this? Or am I using the wrong tool? Thanks for your time.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":104,"Q_Id":6371097,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Store it outside the document root.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,cgi","A_Id":6371124,"CreationDate":"2011-06-16T11:30:00.000","Title":"Python CGI how to save requested information securely?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to access my linkedin account from command prompt and then i wanted to send mails from my account using command.\nAlso, I need the delivery reports of the mails.\nCan anyone knows how can use that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1130,"Q_Id":6373779,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The Member to Member API will return a 2xx status code if your message is accepted by LinkedIn. And a 4xx status code if there's an error.\nThis means the message was put into the LinkedIn system, not that it has been opened, read, emailed, etc. You cannot get that via the API.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,command,linkedin","A_Id":6393078,"CreationDate":"2011-06-16T14:43:00.000","Title":"How to access linkedin from python command","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the function dpkt.http.Request(), but sometimes the http flow is not a request.\nIs there a quick way in python or dpkt to know if my request is GET or POST?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":901,"Q_Id":6401232,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Try parsing it as a HTTP request and catch dpkt.UnpackError so your program doesn't die if it's not a HTTP request.\nIf no exception was thrown, you can use .method of the Request object to get the method that was used.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":6401242,"CreationDate":"2011-06-19T07:53:00.000","Title":"Best way to know if http request is GET or POST with DPKT?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using selenium2 RC with the python client (selenium.py) and I need to get the version of the selenium on the server. (for example \"2rc2\",\"2rc3\" etc.)\nis there any command i can send to the server to get its version?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10529,"Q_Id":6424975,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"I know this was already answered but it may help someone else. Another way to get your selenium server's version is right click the selenium-server.jar, and open it was any file archiver software such as 7zip or winrar. There you should find a file called VERSION.txt which will tell you your servers version","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,selenium-webdriver,selenium-rc","A_Id":7946600,"CreationDate":"2011-06-21T12:08:00.000","Title":"how to get the version of Selenium RC server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the preferred XML processor to use with Python?\nSome choices are\n\nminidom \nPyXML \nElementTree\n...\n\nEDIT: I will need to be able to read in documents and manipulate them. I also require pretty print functionality.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":404,"Q_Id":6432826,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I can vouch for ElementTree - it's not a particularly complete XML implementation. It's main strength is simplicity of use of the DOM tree objects. They behave like regular pythonic objects (sequences and dicts) even though their actual implementation is somewhat more complex than appearances might suggest. Of all the XML frameworks ET is the one that you can use to accomplish basic tasks quickly. \nOn the other hand if your XML is mostly quite conventional stuff it can do a good job of reading and formatting pretty much any document you throw at it.\nAnnoying limitations (which appeared not to have been fixed four months ago) is it's wonky support for XML namespaces, lack of Xpath. \nIn summary it's fine for basic uses. It will let you get up to speed very quickly. XML gurus will find it lacking.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":6433113,"CreationDate":"2011-06-21T22:34:00.000","Title":"Preferred Python XML processor","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python\u2019s socket.py to create a connection to an ftp-server. Now I want to reset the connection (send a RST Flag) and listen to the response of the ftp-server. (FYI using socket.send('','R') does not work as the OS sends FIN flag instead of RST.)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25931,"Q_Id":6439790,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"To send an RST on a TCP connection, set the SO_LINGER option to true with a zero timeout, then close the socket. This resets the connection. I have no idea how to do that in Python, or indeed whether you can even do it.","Q_Score":25,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,reset","A_Id":6440026,"CreationDate":"2011-06-22T12:26:00.000","Title":"Sending a reset in TCP\/IP Socket connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Python script that can run in command line\/console which works with the Google Calendar Data API to do some tasks like retrieve calendars and modify or update events. I want to turn it into a web application\/interface, but was not sure what would be the optimal or simplest way going about it.\nSome precursor information: I tried rewriting the application as .html files that used Javascript and its respective Google Calendar Data API. I ran into a few problems with that and found that it wasn't working as well as my Python script. It could possibly be because I am using a business gmail domain but I'm not entirely sure. It does however work fine with Python, so I've decided to stick with that.\nI've only worked with Python scripts (and I'd only call myself a beginner), so I'm not sure what would be an ideal or optimal solution. I'd preferably (re: if even possible) like to have the Python script act as a backend\/web-service and interface with a website through JSON, or use a Python webframework to develop it. I hope I got the bulk of my terminology right, my apologies if anything is unclear.\nAny advice is appreciated, thanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":947,"Q_Id":6448814,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Go check out Google App Engine. There's a Python API. It works well with other Google services, like Calendar. Probably the fastest way to get where you want to go.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-services,web-applications","A_Id":6448835,"CreationDate":"2011-06-23T02:48:00.000","Title":"Python - from Script to Web App?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I finally managed to get my script to login to a website and download a file... however, in some instances I will have a url like \"http:\/\/www.test.com\/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=3345\".  Firefox finds the filename ok... so I should be able to.\nI am unable to find the \"Content-Disposition\" header via something like remotefile.info()['Content-Disposition']\nAlso, remotefile.geturl() returns the same url.\nWhat am I missing?  How do I get the actual filename?  I would prefer using the built-in libraries.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":580,"Q_Id":6463179,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It is the task of the remote server\/Service to provide the content-disposition header.\nThere is nothing you can do unless the remote server\/service is under your own control..","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,url,login,download,urllib2","A_Id":6463190,"CreationDate":"2011-06-24T04:00:00.000","Title":"Using python (urllib) to download a file, how to get the real filename?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have to query ~10000 gameservers through an UDP protocol to check if they are online on a server every 15 minutes. My code is working, but servers that are offline block threads slowing progress down enormously. I use 20 threads, more will cause the UDP sockets of Python to slow down to a crawl.\nCurrently I'm using a five second timeout before deciding that the server is offline. Can this limit be further reduced, or must it even be upped?\n\nPlease don't suggest using heartbeats, my server is an unofficial masterserver for a game which has to leech and doesn't recieve most of the heartbeats.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":593,"Q_Id":6478288,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You don't have to use synchronous communication (i.e. send packet, block and wait for results), especially not if you're using UDP. Just have one thread send out pings, and another one constantly receiving pongs on the same socket. If you have to do complicated processing with the results, you may want to use another one for that.\nThe challenge will be in the sending logic - you don't want to overwhelm your own internet connection, so I'd suggest a configurable rate of packets. Also, UDP packets can get lost in the network, so resend at least once or twice before giving up. As a timeout, I'd suggest about 2 seconds, because if a ping to game(i.e. highly delay-sensitive) server takes any longer than that, it's probably not usable anyway.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,udp,settimeout","A_Id":6478330,"CreationDate":"2011-06-25T14:14:00.000","Title":"What is a reasonable timeout for checking if a server is online?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to do some screen-scraping with Python 2.7, and I have no context for the differences between HTMLParser, SGMLParser, or Beautiful Soup. \nAre these all trying to solve the same problem, or do they exist for different reasons? Which is simplest, which is most robust, and which (if any) is the default choice? \nAlso, please let me know if I have overlooked a significant option.\nEdit: I should mention that I'm not particularly experienced in HTML parsing, and I'm particularly interested in which will get me moving the quickest, with the goal of parsing HTML on one particular site.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":-1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6435,"Q_Id":6494199,"Users Score":-4,"Answer":"Well, software is like cars....different flavors about all do drive!\nGo with BeautifulSoup (4).","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,html,parsing,beautifulsoup,html-parsing","A_Id":6494288,"CreationDate":"2011-06-27T14:11:00.000","Title":"Parsing HTML with Python 2.7 - HTMLParser, SGMLParser, or Beautiful Soup?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to do some screen-scraping with Python 2.7, and I have no context for the differences between HTMLParser, SGMLParser, or Beautiful Soup. \nAre these all trying to solve the same problem, or do they exist for different reasons? Which is simplest, which is most robust, and which (if any) is the default choice? \nAlso, please let me know if I have overlooked a significant option.\nEdit: I should mention that I'm not particularly experienced in HTML parsing, and I'm particularly interested in which will get me moving the quickest, with the goal of parsing HTML on one particular site.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6435,"Q_Id":6494199,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"BeautifulSoup in particular is for dirty HTML as found in the wild.  It will parse any old thing, but is slow.\nA very popular choice these days is lxml.html, which is fast, and can use BeautifulSoup if needed.","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,html,parsing,beautifulsoup,html-parsing","A_Id":6494502,"CreationDate":"2011-06-27T14:11:00.000","Title":"Parsing HTML with Python 2.7 - HTMLParser, SGMLParser, or Beautiful Soup?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running an automated test to test a webform for my company. They have just installed a zipcode service which automatically adds the Street and City\/Region when you fill in the Address and housenumber.\nThis autofill appears when you deselect the last form element (e.g. that of the housenumber). \nThis is the order of the fields I'm using;\n\nform:zipcode \nform:housenumber    \nform:addition (optional) \nform:street (gets filled in by service after zipcode and housenumber are provided)\nform:city (the other autofill field)\n\nWhen you fill this form out manually, the address appears as soon as you click or tab into the addition field (as it is optional) but when it's done automated it doesn't work.\nI have tried several things like; \n\nfocus('form:addition') or\nselect('form:addition') but these don't work. I have tried \ntype('\\t') to tab to the form field, and \ntype('form:addition', ' ') to type a space into the add. field and even \ntype('form:addition', \"\") to leave it empty. None of these attempts have worked so far. \n\nIs there anyone that can help me with this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":385,"Q_Id":6504482,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Hi i got a solution for this i think, \nproblem is with generating the user interactions to the addition field.  \nuse these statements\nfocus(\"form:addition\");\nkeyPressNative(\"10\")  \/\/this is ENTER command \nit should work","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,forms,selenium-rc,field,autofill","A_Id":6510614,"CreationDate":"2011-06-28T09:39:00.000","Title":"Selecting the next formfield with Selenium RC and python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running an automated test to test a webform for my company. They have just installed a zipcode service which automatically adds the Street and City\/Region when you fill in the Address and housenumber.\nThis autofill appears when you deselect the last form element (e.g. that of the housenumber). \nThis is the order of the fields I'm using;\n\nform:zipcode \nform:housenumber    \nform:addition (optional) \nform:street (gets filled in by service after zipcode and housenumber are provided)\nform:city (the other autofill field)\n\nWhen you fill this form out manually, the address appears as soon as you click or tab into the addition field (as it is optional) but when it's done automated it doesn't work.\nI have tried several things like; \n\nfocus('form:addition') or\nselect('form:addition') but these don't work. I have tried \ntype('\\t') to tab to the form field, and \ntype('form:addition', ' ') to type a space into the add. field and even \ntype('form:addition', \"\") to leave it empty. None of these attempts have worked so far. \n\nIs there anyone that can help me with this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":385,"Q_Id":6504482,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yesterday I found out that the zipcode service uses an Ajax call to retrieve the information. This call is executed when the zipcode and housenumber fields are both 'out of focus' (i.e. deselected).\nThe right statement I found to use this in my advantage is this;\nselenium.fireEvent('form:number', 'blur') which deselects the last field where data was entered.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,forms,selenium-rc,field,autofill","A_Id":6531214,"CreationDate":"2011-06-28T09:39:00.000","Title":"Selecting the next formfield with Selenium RC and python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working through a Selenium test where I want to assert a particular HTML node is an exact match as far as what attributes are present and their values (order is unimportant) and also that no other attributes are present. For example given the following fragment: \n<input name=\"test\" value=\"something\"\/>\nI am trying to come up with the a good way of asserting its presence in the HTML output, such that the following (arbitrary) examples would not match:\n\n<input name=\"test\" value=\"something\" onlick=\"doSomething()\"\/>\n<input name=\"test\" value=\"something\" maxlength=\"75\"\/>\n<input name=\"test\" value=\"something\" extraneous=\"a\" unwanted=\"b\"\/>\n\nI believe I can write an XPath statement as follows to find all of these, for example: \n\/\/input[value='something' and @name='test'] \nBut, I haven't figured out how to write in such a way that it excludes not exact matches in a generalize fashion. Note, it doesn't have to be an XPath solution, but that struck me as the most likely elegant possibility.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":146,"Q_Id":6506372,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no way to exclude unexpected attributes with XPath.\nSo you must find a safer way to locate elements you want. Things that you should consider:\n\nIn a form, each input should have a distinct name. The same is true for the form itself. So you can try \/\/form[@name='...']\/input[@name='...']\nAdd a class to the fields that you care about. Classes don't have be mentioned in any stylesheet. In fact, I used this for form field validation by using classes like decimal number or alpha number","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xpath,selenium,beautifulsoup,lxml","A_Id":6506453,"CreationDate":"2011-06-28T12:28:00.000","Title":"Finding Only HTML Nodes Whose Attributes Match Exactly","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What is the recommended library for python to do everything that is Amazon EC2 related?\nI came across boto and libcloud. Which one is easier to use? does libcloud offer the same functionality as boto?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":933,"Q_Id":6507708,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"The big advantage of libcloud is that it provides a unified interface to multiple providers, which is a big plus in my mind. You won't have to rewrite everything if you plan to migrate some instances to Rackspace later, or mix and match, etc. I haven't used it extensively but it looks fairly complete as far as EC2 goes. In boto's favor it has support for nearly all of Amazon's web services, so if you plan to be Amazon-centric and use other services you'll probably want to use boto. \nThat said, try both packages and see which you prefer.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,amazon-ec2","A_Id":6508616,"CreationDate":"2011-06-28T14:04:00.000","Title":"Python & Amazon EC2 -- Recommended Library?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"To use OAUTH with python-twitter I need to register a web app, website etc. The program I have is for personal use though. Since basic auth is now defunct and Oauth is not an option due to the requirements is there a work around to log in to twitter using a script?\nI can't imagine that Twitter would alienate everyone who does not have a website\/web app from logging in to twitter from a script that is for personal use.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":881,"Q_Id":6511633,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want to access resources at Twitter, even if they are your own, and even if it is just for a \"personal script\" -> you have to use oAuth.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,authentication,twitter,oauth","A_Id":6533687,"CreationDate":"2011-06-28T18:53:00.000","Title":"How to log in to twitter without Oauth for a script?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am accessing  image data on Javascript. Now I'd like to pass this to Python process through Selenium API in the most efficient possible manner.\nPassing canvas data is easy with canvas.toDataURL() method, but the downside is that the image is encoded and decoded to PNG, adding substantial overhead to the process.\nI was just wondering if I could pass the raw array data from Javascript to Python via Selenium, so that \n\nEither passing data in the native format (unsigned integer data)\nConvert raw pixel data to base64 encoding, in some kind of toDataURL() manner or simply doing the processing yourself in Javascript (hopefully JIT'ed loop)\n\nLooks like canvasContext.getImageData(0, 0, w, h).data object type is Uint8ClampedArray. What would be the best way to convert this data to some format which can be easily passed through Selenium to Python?\nSelenium 2.0 RC, any Firefox version can be used.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1163,"Q_Id":6514812,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Since your communication between Selenium and the browser through getEval is string based, I think that there is no escape from base64 encoding the image data. sending raw binary data will probably not be possible. \nYou can probably devise your own string encoding scheme, but it'll probably be as effective as the built in methods.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,python,firefox,canvas,selenium","A_Id":6520796,"CreationDate":"2011-06-29T01:19:00.000","Title":"Firefox, Selenium, toDataURL, Uint8ClampedArray and Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I checked the documentation for Python-Twitter and I couldn't find any methods for OAuthentication. There is a  methods for Basic Auth, but I obviously can't use that any more. \nIf I get a separate module for Oauth can I still use methods in Python-Twitter that require Oauth or does the Oauth only support methods from the same module I authenticated in.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":6515477,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"OAuth is a generic protocol; any well-behaved library that implements it should work with any site's API (this is the whole point of having a standard...)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,module","A_Id":6515489,"CreationDate":"2011-06-29T03:33:00.000","Title":"Do I need a specific Python module Oauthentication?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've written a python script using selenium to imitate a browser logging in and buying some stuff from a website.  Therefore, the python script contains log-in information along with payment information (checking account info, etc).  If i configure my apache webserver to be able to execute python scripts, so that when a client presses a button it runs my purchasing script, is there anyway that the client could see the contents of the python script (thereby gaining access to sensitive login and payment info)?\nI remember reading that if an error occurs, the script would show up in plain text in the browser? Should I prevent this by using try and except blocks or is there a better method I'm not aware of?\nThanks for all your help in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":189,"Q_Id":6538018,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"it is usually a good idea to put such information in an external config file which can't be served by the webserver directly and read this file in your script. in case of a configuration error the client might see your sourcecode but not the sensitive information","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,security,apache,server-side","A_Id":6538060,"CreationDate":"2011-06-30T16:29:00.000","Title":"Security question relating to executing server-side script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to make a few changes to existing XML files, while preserving formatting and comments - everything except the minor changes I do should be untouched. I've tried xml.etree and lxml.etree with no success.\nThe XML is generated by my IDE, but its editor is lacking in functionality, so I have to make a few manual changes. I want to keep the formatting so the diffs are pretty and not polluting my history.\nWith the multitude of python XML libraries I thought I'd ask here if anyone has done something similar.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":539,"Q_Id":6539891,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"How many and what kind of changes do you need to make?  It sounds to me like you may be better served simply using a standalone XML editor (just Google for them, there are lots).  Frankly, I'm kind of surprised your IDE doesn't have adequate search-and-replace for your needs.  (Most of the ones I've seen even have regex facilities for this.)  If you really do need to write a program to make the XML changes, and you don't want to mess up the formatting and comments, your best bet may be to open the XML as a regular text file in Python, and use its regular expression library (import re) to do the search-and-replace.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,xml,dom","A_Id":6540130,"CreationDate":"2011-06-30T19:13:00.000","Title":"Python library for editing XML preserving formatting and comments","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know there is lxml and BeautifulSoup, but that won't work for my project, because I don't know in advance what the HTML format of the site I am trying to scrape an article off of will be. Is there a python-type module similar to Readability that does a pretty good job at finding the content of an article and returning it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":323,"Q_Id":6543599,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Extracting the real content from a content-page can not be done automatically - at least not with the standard tools. You have to define\/identify where the real content is stored (by specifying the related CSS ID or class in your own HTML extraction code).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,algorithm,screen-scraping,beautifulsoup,lxml","A_Id":6543634,"CreationDate":"2011-07-01T04:31:00.000","Title":"Python- is there a module that will automatically scrape the content of an article off a webpage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I know there is lxml and BeautifulSoup, but that won't work for my project, because I don't know in advance what the HTML format of the site I am trying to scrape an article off of will be. Is there a python-type module similar to Readability that does a pretty good job at finding the content of an article and returning it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":323,"Q_Id":6543599,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Using HTQL, the query is: \n&html_main_text","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,algorithm,screen-scraping,beautifulsoup,lxml","A_Id":6567206,"CreationDate":"2011-07-01T04:31:00.000","Title":"Python- is there a module that will automatically scrape the content of an article off a webpage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to perform some xml parsing using a machine that I may not have permission to install libraries in.  So is it possible to include a python library like lxml with my source?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1197,"Q_Id":6550005,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For pure python libraries, you can do that. Unfortunately, lxml depends on a bunch of compiled  c code, so it's not going to be generally portable in the way you want.\nUsing virtualenv is a good alternative, since it helps isolate a project and the installed files. For lxml to work, you'll need the libraries necessary to compile code, which your system may not contain.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,lxml","A_Id":6552762,"CreationDate":"2011-07-01T15:30:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to include a library like lxml without installing it?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i am still a novice in these areas so here is my question:\nI want to see the dns request sent out by my browser (say chrome).so i set up a udp server in python with host='' and port=21567(can be anything other than the previlaged and reserved ones).i set my server to listen for connections using the udp.recvfrom(1024)\nand set the proxy in my browser to localhost and respective port number so my browser should send the request to my server when i type in a url right??? is that right???\nif it is then my server is not detecting a connection if it is wrong then please tell me the actual mechanism in technical details\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84,"Q_Id":6556035,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Setting up a proxy in your browser tells it where to make TCP connections; it doesn't have anything to do with how it queries DNS, which is determined by your operating system's resolver.\nFor Linux you'd just shut down bind, e.g. Debian \/etc\/init.d\/bind9 stop; then your Python script would catch the traffic on port 53. And make sure nameserver 127.0.0.1 is at the top of \/etc\/resolv.conf.\nFor Windows you'll need to set your DNS to the localhost (127.0.0.1), somewhere in the network settings.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,dns","A_Id":6556075,"CreationDate":"2011-07-02T08:55:00.000","Title":"Web dev in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have split the code into multiple files. I have imported all the functions from all other files into admin.py. Lets say I want to call a function XYZ. If I give path to function as admin\/XYZ it gives me error as invalid function and for this I have to give the path as file_with_XYZ_function\/XYZ.\nIs there a way to overcome this problem and simple call all the imported functions from one single file","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3186,"Q_Id":6557000,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you can create python files in modules folder and import them just like how you import python libraries in your controllers. But you have to give the path to those files like \n from applications.myApp.modules.myModule import *\nthis is my solution for my wrappers. now you can use your functions by calling their name\nmyFunction","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,function,import,call,web2py","A_Id":6846235,"CreationDate":"2011-07-02T12:32:00.000","Title":"Function call using import in web2py","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to determine if a server socket was shut down gracefully or not in python.\nThe program received files and if some error occurs during the send the file should be removed.\nI know your first suggestion will be to let the client send either the length of the file or some terminating data to let the server know that the file transfer is complete.\nSadly, I cannot change the client, it just dumps the file over raw tcp and there is nothing I can do about it. So please, no \"but if you could change it\" or \"your protocol is flawed\", I did not write the protocol and I will have to deal with it.\nThe script should work on both OSX and linux so epoll is out.\nAny suggestions?\nI can add that I don't care what error occurs, just that any error did.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":481,"Q_Id":6590400,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It turns out that all I needed to do was to set the socket timeout to something lower, like 1 minute, the recv call will throw and exception after 1 minute.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,serversocket","A_Id":6602114,"CreationDate":"2011-07-06T00:33:00.000","Title":"Detecting graceful shut downs of sockets in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to determine if a server socket was shut down gracefully or not in python.\nThe program received files and if some error occurs during the send the file should be removed.\nI know your first suggestion will be to let the client send either the length of the file or some terminating data to let the server know that the file transfer is complete.\nSadly, I cannot change the client, it just dumps the file over raw tcp and there is nothing I can do about it. So please, no \"but if you could change it\" or \"your protocol is flawed\", I did not write the protocol and I will have to deal with it.\nThe script should work on both OSX and linux so epoll is out.\nAny suggestions?\nI can add that I don't care what error occurs, just that any error did.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":481,"Q_Id":6590400,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the other end has finished sending data, they should shutdown (2) the socket for writing. Then in your multiplexing loop you would be able to check if the socket has been shutdown for writing or has just be closed (writing & reading) by the remote end. This is a graceful shutdown and you can use select\/poll\/kqueue or whatever.\nIf the client doesn't do that, doesn't send terminating character and doesn't send the lenght or a checksum it looks hard.\nYou should drop more detail about the protocol, does the client opens a TCP socket for the sole purpose of sending a file ? Does it close the socket if the transfer is complete ?\nIn the worst case scenario you would have to check the integrity of the file, if you know its format you can try to check it during run time or have a cron tab do the cleaning. If you cannot, well it will be hard to find a solution. Good luck...","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,serversocket","A_Id":6590500,"CreationDate":"2011-07-06T00:33:00.000","Title":"Detecting graceful shut downs of sockets in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"PycURL is a thin wrapper around  the C libcurl API, I wonder if there's any more pythonic wrapper for libcurl which supports CurlMulti ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":785,"Q_Id":6591238,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"As with most bindings made for C libraries, it is clever to make a very thin layer on top of it to offer the most of it.\nThis said, it generally makes sense to wrap that binding itself then to offer more higher level features and more language-specific ways to do things, rather than to write yet another binding.\nSo no, I don't know of any such wrapper but I would advice that such a wrapper would be made on top of pycurl rather than on top of libcurl directly!","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,libcurl,pycurl","A_Id":6691232,"CreationDate":"2011-07-06T03:25:00.000","Title":"PyCurl alternative, a pythonic wrapper for libcurl?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"After several readings to Scrapy docs I'm still not catching the diferrence between using CrawlSpider rules and implementing my own link extraction mechanism on the callback method.\nI'm about to write a new web crawler using the latter approach, but just becuase I had a bad experience in a past project using rules. I'd really like to know exactly what I'm doing and why.\nAnyone familiar with this tool?\nThanks for your help!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6599,"Q_Id":6591255,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you want selective crawling, like fetching \"Next\" links for pagination etc., it's better to write your own crawler. But for general crawling, you should use crawlspider and filter out the links that you don't need to follow using Rules & process_links function.\nTake a look at the crawlspider code in \\scrapy\\contrib\\spiders\\crawl.py , it isn't too complicated.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":6591511,"CreationDate":"2011-07-06T03:27:00.000","Title":"Following links, Scrapy web crawler framework","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"First off, sorry for the cryptic question.\nMy team is currently using Selenium 2.0rc3 (with python) for testing our web app with chrome. When we used the 2.02b version of Selenium, our test passed (it was a little slow and we had small hacks that we added to webdriver). After we upgraded, the test became extremely fast and started failing. After debugging we found out most test failed because webdrivers click() function was not blocking() successive calls. Currently we added a sleep()\/timeout of .5 secs after each click and while this solves the immediate problem, it doesn't quite achieve our main goal (which is to speed up our test)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2381,"Q_Id":6602151,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I've tried the selenium-2 rc3 python bindings for chrome. My experience was the opposite of what you're describing - after clicking, the driver didn't know that the page was ready for it to continue. So instead of speeding up the tests, they turned out very slow (because the driver was waiting for ages). However, the firefox driver seems pretty stable - maybe you should stick with it until the chrome driver gets baked a bit more.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":6603609,"CreationDate":"2011-07-06T19:57:00.000","Title":"Selenium 2.0rc3 click function too fast?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"First off, sorry for the cryptic question.\nMy team is currently using Selenium 2.0rc3 (with python) for testing our web app with chrome. When we used the 2.02b version of Selenium, our test passed (it was a little slow and we had small hacks that we added to webdriver). After we upgraded, the test became extremely fast and started failing. After debugging we found out most test failed because webdrivers click() function was not blocking() successive calls. Currently we added a sleep()\/timeout of .5 secs after each click and while this solves the immediate problem, it doesn't quite achieve our main goal (which is to speed up our test)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2381,"Q_Id":6602151,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the click() executes ajax calls I would suggest you to use NicelyResynchronizingAjaxController","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":6602262,"CreationDate":"2011-07-06T19:57:00.000","Title":"Selenium 2.0rc3 click function too fast?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"First off, sorry for the cryptic question.\nMy team is currently using Selenium 2.0rc3 (with python) for testing our web app with chrome. When we used the 2.02b version of Selenium, our test passed (it was a little slow and we had small hacks that we added to webdriver). After we upgraded, the test became extremely fast and started failing. After debugging we found out most test failed because webdrivers click() function was not blocking() successive calls. Currently we added a sleep()\/timeout of .5 secs after each click and while this solves the immediate problem, it doesn't quite achieve our main goal (which is to speed up our test)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2381,"Q_Id":6602151,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Your problem is not really that it's clicking too fast. Just that it's clicking before that element is present. There are two ways to get round this:\n\nWait until the element is present before clicking\nIncrease the implicit wait time\n\nI'm afraid I haven't used the WebDriver Python bindings. However, I can tell you how it is done in Java and hopefully you can find the Python equivalent yourself.\nTo wait for an element, we have in Java a class called WebDriverWait. You would write a Function which you pass to the until() method which passes only when the element exists. One way you could do that is with driver.findElements( By... ) or wrap driver.findElement( By... ) in an exception handler. The Function is polled till it returns true or the timeout specified is hit.\nThe second method is the preferred method for your case and in Java you can do driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait( ... ).","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":6602293,"CreationDate":"2011-07-06T19:57:00.000","Title":"Selenium 2.0rc3 click function too fast?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know about gethostbyaddr in Python and that is somewhat useful for me.  I would like to get even more info about an ip address like one can find at various websites such as who hosts that ip address, the country of origin, ..., etc.  I need to accomplish this programmatically.\nAre there any built in commands for Python, or would I need access to some database which contains this type of information, or are there any Python APIs?  Python is not my native language so I am not as familiar with how one would approach such a problem in Python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3195,"Q_Id":6611298,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Ok, here is my answer.  I am going to work on cleaning up for public consumption a Python 3.x version of pywhois that I have on my machine and hopefully in the next week I will submit my code to the subversion repository.  From the IP addresses I am using, I have about a 78% success rate for retrieving info first by applying gethostbyaddr to the IP address as phihag suggested and then putting that through pywhois.  I will let the reader decide for themselves whether that rate is high enough for their particular application.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,reverse-dns,gethostbyaddr,pywhois","A_Id":6644900,"CreationDate":"2011-07-07T13:24:00.000","Title":"In Python, Getting More Info About An IP Address","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there an Option in feedparser to query only the new entries newer then feed.updated? \nOr can you set a parameter to get only entries from a specific date\/today\/week etc.? (Safari\u00b4s RSS Reader provides this options...)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":458,"Q_Id":6642570,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I don't understand the question as written.  An RSS feed is an XML document.  Feedparser retrieves and parses this entire document.  It can't query just part of a document.  It's up to you to write the code around feedparser to extract what you want (e.g., for each entry, you can look at d.entries[0].date and compare it with another date\/time stamp or range to determine if you're interested in it or not).\nI don't know what you mean by looking for entries newer then feed.updated, since there shouldn't be any (the newest entries would have been entered when the feed was last updated).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,rss,feedparser","A_Id":6685581,"CreationDate":"2011-07-10T17:16:00.000","Title":"Feedparser Date parameter\/Time-specific query","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm attempting to allow a subprocess sandboxed with Pypy to communicate, using a limited protocol, with the parent process.\nAfter reviewing the source code of the pypy\/pypy\/translator\/sandbox\/sandlib.py included with Pypy, it appears that there is a VirtualizedSocketProc that allows os.open calls to open sockets. I've changed some functionality of the code (for example, allowing TCP connections on limited ports), but very little has been changed. However, I'm unable to actually import Pypy's socket module because it requires a non-existent _socket module, which seems to be located in the interpreter-level parts of the code.\nIs what I'm trying to do feasible? If so, how do I import the socket module? If not, what else can I do?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":673,"Q_Id":6655258,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I've investigated this further, and it appears that this is a fairly fundamental problem. The socket module, implemented at the library level (inside of the lib directories) is essentially an empty shell for the the _socket library, which is an interpreter-level module defined in the pypy\/module directory. For those unfamiliar with PyPy, there are two types of modules that can be imported, roughly corresponding to the pure-Python and C libraries in CPython. Modules implemented at the library level can be included easily in the sandbox, and are in fact included in the \"default\" pypy_interact sandbox. However, modules written at the interpreter level are not available inside the sandbox.\nIt seems that my approach was fundmanetaly flawed, because of this critical distinction. Instead, there are a few other options that you can consider, should you run into the same problem:\n\nUse os.open directly with a filename beginning with tcp:\/\/. This actually works very well and is my favoured approach.\nImplement your own socket library. This is certainly not preferable, but I believe that it would be possible to create a relatively empty socket library that simply communicates with the sandbox controller as above wrapping the socket functionality. It might even be possible to modify the default socket library to achieve this (without including _socket, for example).","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,sockets,sandbox,pypy","A_Id":6700339,"CreationDate":"2011-07-11T19:18:00.000","Title":"Using the socket module in sandboxed Pypy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"As a part of a research, I need to download freely available RDF  (Resource Description Framework -  *.rdf) files via web, as much as possible. What are the ideal libraries\/frameworks available in Python for doing this?\nAre there any websites\/search engines capable of doing this? I've tried Google filetype:RDF search. Initially, Google shows you 6,960,000 results. However, as you browse individual results pages, the results drastically drop down to 205 results. I wrote a script to screen-scrape and download files, but 205 is not enough for my research and I am sure there are more than 205 files in the web. So, I really need a file crawler. I'd like to know whether there are any online or offline tools that can be used for this purpose or frameworks\/sample scripts in Python to achieve this. Any help in this regards is highly appreciated.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2777,"Q_Id":6681043,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"here's one workaround :\nget \"download master\" from chrome extensions, or similar program\nsearch on google or other for results, set google to 100 per page\nselect - show all files\nwrite your file extension, .rdf press enter\npress download\nyou can have 100 files per click, not bad.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,web-crawler","A_Id":25339316,"CreationDate":"2011-07-13T15:04:00.000","Title":"Crawling web for specific file type","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"As a part of a research, I need to download freely available RDF  (Resource Description Framework -  *.rdf) files via web, as much as possible. What are the ideal libraries\/frameworks available in Python for doing this?\nAre there any websites\/search engines capable of doing this? I've tried Google filetype:RDF search. Initially, Google shows you 6,960,000 results. However, as you browse individual results pages, the results drastically drop down to 205 results. I wrote a script to screen-scrape and download files, but 205 is not enough for my research and I am sure there are more than 205 files in the web. So, I really need a file crawler. I'd like to know whether there are any online or offline tools that can be used for this purpose or frameworks\/sample scripts in Python to achieve this. Any help in this regards is highly appreciated.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2777,"Q_Id":6681043,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Did you notice the text something like \"google has hidden similar results, click here to show all results\" at the bottom of one page? Might help.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,web-crawler","A_Id":6681208,"CreationDate":"2011-07-13T15:04:00.000","Title":"Crawling web for specific file type","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"As a part of a research, I need to download freely available RDF  (Resource Description Framework -  *.rdf) files via web, as much as possible. What are the ideal libraries\/frameworks available in Python for doing this?\nAre there any websites\/search engines capable of doing this? I've tried Google filetype:RDF search. Initially, Google shows you 6,960,000 results. However, as you browse individual results pages, the results drastically drop down to 205 results. I wrote a script to screen-scrape and download files, but 205 is not enough for my research and I am sure there are more than 205 files in the web. So, I really need a file crawler. I'd like to know whether there are any online or offline tools that can be used for this purpose or frameworks\/sample scripts in Python to achieve this. Any help in this regards is highly appreciated.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2777,"Q_Id":6681043,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"teleport pro, although it maybe cant copy from google, too big, it can probably handly proxy sites that return google results, and i know, for a fact, i could download 10 000 pdfs with in a day if i wanted to. it has filetype specifiers and many options.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,web-crawler","A_Id":25339126,"CreationDate":"2011-07-13T15:04:00.000","Title":"Crawling web for specific file type","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a very simple CGI webserver running using python CGIHTTPServer class.\nThis class spawns and executes a cgi-php script.\nIf the webpage sends POST request, how can I access the POST request data in the php script?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1199,"Q_Id":6712092,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When you say your Python process \"spawns and executes\" a cgi-php script, I believe what you mean is \"it calls my PHP script by executing the PHP CLI executable, passing it the name of my script.\"\nUsing the PHP CLI executable, HTTP-specific superglobals and environment values will not be set automatically.  You would have to read in all HTTP request headers and GET\/POST data in your Python server process, and then set them in the environment used by your PHP script.\nThe whole experiment sounds interesting, but this is what mod_php does already.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,cgi,webserver,cgihttprequesthandler","A_Id":6712146,"CreationDate":"2011-07-15T19:16:00.000","Title":"Accessing POST request data from CGIHTTPServer (python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a way to write a XMPP bot that would listen to a RabbitMQ queue and send messages to the XMPP channel notifying users of any new issues ( already got Nagios sending notifications to RabbitMQ).\nI've tried using xmppy and it stopped working and I stumbled across SleekXMPP which looks fairly better. \nI'm just wondering if I define a AMQP listener to automatically call the XMPP \"send\" method in the bot. So it would be listening both on AMQP and XMPP at the same time. \nThank you for your help!\nEdit: Would BOSH be much better solution here ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":571,"Q_Id":6723588,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is really quite simple. I suggest that you start by writing an AMQP listener that simply prints out received messages. Once you get that working it should be obvious how to integrate that into an XMPP bot.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xmpp,amqp","A_Id":6724730,"CreationDate":"2011-07-17T11:40:00.000","Title":"Interconnecting AMQP and XMPP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Let me start with an example:\nThere is a c++ program which can be run on my server, the program is named \"Guess the Number\" which means every time it runs,  \n\nfirst it will generate an integer between 1 and 100 randomly.\nthen i need the user to guess a number and pass it to me though a web page, form or something. \nnow i want pass the number to the program and then the program will tell me whether it's bigger or smaller. \nthen i put the information on the web page to let the user know and then make his next guess.\n\ni am able to write the program. and i know how pass the first argument and give back the information, but don't know how to interact in the next steps. i.e.  \nHow to pass the arguments to the program REAL-TIME and get the output?\nto make this more clearly:\n\ni use subprocess in python to run the program with the first argument and get the output.\nthe c++ program use std inputs and outputs, like while (!check(x)) scanf(\"%d\",&x);, and in check(int x), i use if (x>rand_num) printf(\"too big\\n\"); to output.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":233,"Q_Id":6736152,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This sounds a lot like a homework question, but even with this list, you have a lot of work ahead of you for a dubious reward, so here we go.\n\nYour C++ program should listen on a socket\nYour python program needs to listen on a web socket, and also have a connection open to the C++ program through the C++ socket. \nI'd suggest something like web.py for your web framework\nYour web.py program is going to accept XMLHTTP Requests at a URL\nyour web page is going to submit requests through that XMLHTTP request, and send results back into the web page.\n\nAn easy way to do this on the frontend is to you jquery ajax commands; they will hit your web.py URL, which will validate the input, call a function to send it off to the C++ socket, get a response and send it back as a response to your jquery request.\nGood luck.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ajax,cgi,subprocess,pipe","A_Id":6737020,"CreationDate":"2011-07-18T16:30:00.000","Title":"How to INTERACT between a program on the server and the user via a web page REAL-TIME","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to get an xml report of the results of my behavior tests running in the lettuce framework. According the --help for lettuce, you should use the switch --with-xunit. I've done that (and also used --xunit-file) but no report is generated. I tried reinstalling lettuce but still no luck. How can I get it to generate this report?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2043,"Q_Id":6739856,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This was actually something simple: the folder the tests were running in were owned by root so I needed to run the tests with sudo in order for it to generate the report.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,lettuce","A_Id":6884086,"CreationDate":"2011-07-18T21:49:00.000","Title":"Python lettuce test results in XML","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am not much into gaming but i am learning and doing some practicles in Artifical Intelligence algorithms. Now as i can develop full fledge application so it means even if learn various techniques , i won't be having anything to show in interview.\nI have seen that all AI techniques \/ algorithms are usually tested as simulation.\ni saw one video from google where they showed their AI techniques in small games wherevery small characters were showing \/doing things based on their learning. So i think by implementing them in small games , i can demonstrate what i have learned so that i can have small preactical applicatin.\nBut i want that on a website , so i want to know whats the best way to have simulations \/games inside browser","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1443,"Q_Id":6742589,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As far as I know it is not possible to execute python scripts in the browser. What you can do is generate the set of actions to be taken on the server side using python and then send these commands to the browser and interpret them in javascript. Or if you don't want a server side, you can just write the game in actionscript, silverlight or javascript\/html5.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,browser,artificial-intelligence,pygame","A_Id":6742643,"CreationDate":"2011-07-19T05:19:00.000","Title":"Can i code browser games in python in my website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking for a python library or a command line tool for downloading multiple files in parallel. My current solution is to download the files sequentially which is slow. I know you can easily write a half-assed threaded solution in python, but I always run into annoying problem when using threading. It is for polling a large number of xml feeds from websites.\nMy requirements for the solution are:\n\nShould be interruptable. Ctrl+C should immediately terminate all downloads.\nThere should be no leftover processes that you have to kill manually using kill, even if the main program crashes or an exception is thrown.\nIt should work on Linux and Windows too.\nIt should retry downloads, be resilient against network errors and should timeout properly.\nIt should be smart about not hammering the same server with 100+ simultaneous downloads, but queue them in a sane way.\nIt should handle important http status codes like 301, 302 and 304. That means that for each file, it should take the Last-Modified value as input and only download if it has changed since last time. \nPreferably it should have a progress bar or it should be easy to write a progress bar for it to monitor the download progress of all files.\nPreferably it should take advantage of http keep-alive to maximize the transfer speed.\n\nPlease don't suggest how I may go about implementing the above requirements. I'm looking for a ready-made, battle-tested solution.\nI guess I should describe what I want it for too... I have about 300 different data feeds as xml formatted files served from 50 data providers. Each file is between 100kb and 5mb in size. I need to poll them frequently (as in once every few minutes) to determine if any of them has new data I need to process. So it is important that the downloader uses http caching to minimize the amount of data to fetch. It also uses gzip compression obviously. \nThen the big problem is how to use the bandwidth in an as efficient manner as possible without overstepping any boundaries. For example, one data provider may consider it abuse if you open 20 simultaneous connections to their data feeds. Instead it may be better to use one or two connections that are reused for multiple files. Or your own connection may be limited in strange ways.. My isp limits the number of dns lookups you can do so some kind of dns caching would be nice.","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6882,"Q_Id":6750619,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"You can try pycurl, though the interface is not easy at first, but once you look at examples, its not hard to understand. I have used it to fetch 1000s of web pages in parallel on meagre linux box. \n\nYou don't have to deal with threads, so it terminates gracefully, and there are no processes left behind\nIt provides options for timeout, and http status handling.\nIt works on both linux and windows.\n\nThe only problem is that it provides a basic infrastructure (basically just a python layer above the excellent curl library). You will have to write few lines to achieve the features as you want.","Q_Score":19,"Tags":"python,http,parallel-processing,download,feed","A_Id":6882144,"CreationDate":"2011-07-19T16:28:00.000","Title":"Library or tool to download multiple files in parallel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a python library or a command line tool for downloading multiple files in parallel. My current solution is to download the files sequentially which is slow. I know you can easily write a half-assed threaded solution in python, but I always run into annoying problem when using threading. It is for polling a large number of xml feeds from websites.\nMy requirements for the solution are:\n\nShould be interruptable. Ctrl+C should immediately terminate all downloads.\nThere should be no leftover processes that you have to kill manually using kill, even if the main program crashes or an exception is thrown.\nIt should work on Linux and Windows too.\nIt should retry downloads, be resilient against network errors and should timeout properly.\nIt should be smart about not hammering the same server with 100+ simultaneous downloads, but queue them in a sane way.\nIt should handle important http status codes like 301, 302 and 304. That means that for each file, it should take the Last-Modified value as input and only download if it has changed since last time. \nPreferably it should have a progress bar or it should be easy to write a progress bar for it to monitor the download progress of all files.\nPreferably it should take advantage of http keep-alive to maximize the transfer speed.\n\nPlease don't suggest how I may go about implementing the above requirements. I'm looking for a ready-made, battle-tested solution.\nI guess I should describe what I want it for too... I have about 300 different data feeds as xml formatted files served from 50 data providers. Each file is between 100kb and 5mb in size. I need to poll them frequently (as in once every few minutes) to determine if any of them has new data I need to process. So it is important that the downloader uses http caching to minimize the amount of data to fetch. It also uses gzip compression obviously. \nThen the big problem is how to use the bandwidth in an as efficient manner as possible without overstepping any boundaries. For example, one data provider may consider it abuse if you open 20 simultaneous connections to their data feeds. Instead it may be better to use one or two connections that are reused for multiple files. Or your own connection may be limited in strange ways.. My isp limits the number of dns lookups you can do so some kind of dns caching would be nice.","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6882,"Q_Id":6750619,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"There are lots of options but it will be hard to find one which fits all your needs.\nIn your case, try this approach:\n\nCreate a queue.\nPut URLs to download into this queue (or \"config objects\" which contain the URL and other data like the user name, the destination file, etc).\nCreate a pool of threads\nEach thread should try to fetch a URL (or a config object) from the queue and process it.\n\nUse another thread to collect the results (i.e. another queue). When the number of result objects == number of puts in the first queue, then you're finished.\nMake sure that all communication goes via the queue or the \"config object\". Avoid accessing data structures which are shared between threads. This should save you 99% of the problems.","Q_Score":19,"Tags":"python,http,parallel-processing,download,feed","A_Id":6750711,"CreationDate":"2011-07-19T16:28:00.000","Title":"Library or tool to download multiple files in parallel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a python library or a command line tool for downloading multiple files in parallel. My current solution is to download the files sequentially which is slow. I know you can easily write a half-assed threaded solution in python, but I always run into annoying problem when using threading. It is for polling a large number of xml feeds from websites.\nMy requirements for the solution are:\n\nShould be interruptable. Ctrl+C should immediately terminate all downloads.\nThere should be no leftover processes that you have to kill manually using kill, even if the main program crashes or an exception is thrown.\nIt should work on Linux and Windows too.\nIt should retry downloads, be resilient against network errors and should timeout properly.\nIt should be smart about not hammering the same server with 100+ simultaneous downloads, but queue them in a sane way.\nIt should handle important http status codes like 301, 302 and 304. That means that for each file, it should take the Last-Modified value as input and only download if it has changed since last time. \nPreferably it should have a progress bar or it should be easy to write a progress bar for it to monitor the download progress of all files.\nPreferably it should take advantage of http keep-alive to maximize the transfer speed.\n\nPlease don't suggest how I may go about implementing the above requirements. I'm looking for a ready-made, battle-tested solution.\nI guess I should describe what I want it for too... I have about 300 different data feeds as xml formatted files served from 50 data providers. Each file is between 100kb and 5mb in size. I need to poll them frequently (as in once every few minutes) to determine if any of them has new data I need to process. So it is important that the downloader uses http caching to minimize the amount of data to fetch. It also uses gzip compression obviously. \nThen the big problem is how to use the bandwidth in an as efficient manner as possible without overstepping any boundaries. For example, one data provider may consider it abuse if you open 20 simultaneous connections to their data feeds. Instead it may be better to use one or two connections that are reused for multiple files. Or your own connection may be limited in strange ways.. My isp limits the number of dns lookups you can do so some kind of dns caching would be nice.","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":4,"Score":-0.0199973338,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6882,"Q_Id":6750619,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Threading isn't \"half-assed\" unless you're a bad programmer. The best general approach to this problem is the producer \/ consumer model. You have one dedicated URL producer, and N dedicated download threads (or even processes if you use the multiprocessing model).\nAs for all of your requirements, ALL of them CAN be done with the normal python threaded model (yes, even catching Ctrl+C -- I've done it).","Q_Score":19,"Tags":"python,http,parallel-processing,download,feed","A_Id":6750741,"CreationDate":"2011-07-19T16:28:00.000","Title":"Library or tool to download multiple files in parallel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a python library or a command line tool for downloading multiple files in parallel. My current solution is to download the files sequentially which is slow. I know you can easily write a half-assed threaded solution in python, but I always run into annoying problem when using threading. It is for polling a large number of xml feeds from websites.\nMy requirements for the solution are:\n\nShould be interruptable. Ctrl+C should immediately terminate all downloads.\nThere should be no leftover processes that you have to kill manually using kill, even if the main program crashes or an exception is thrown.\nIt should work on Linux and Windows too.\nIt should retry downloads, be resilient against network errors and should timeout properly.\nIt should be smart about not hammering the same server with 100+ simultaneous downloads, but queue them in a sane way.\nIt should handle important http status codes like 301, 302 and 304. That means that for each file, it should take the Last-Modified value as input and only download if it has changed since last time. \nPreferably it should have a progress bar or it should be easy to write a progress bar for it to monitor the download progress of all files.\nPreferably it should take advantage of http keep-alive to maximize the transfer speed.\n\nPlease don't suggest how I may go about implementing the above requirements. I'm looking for a ready-made, battle-tested solution.\nI guess I should describe what I want it for too... I have about 300 different data feeds as xml formatted files served from 50 data providers. Each file is between 100kb and 5mb in size. I need to poll them frequently (as in once every few minutes) to determine if any of them has new data I need to process. So it is important that the downloader uses http caching to minimize the amount of data to fetch. It also uses gzip compression obviously. \nThen the big problem is how to use the bandwidth in an as efficient manner as possible without overstepping any boundaries. For example, one data provider may consider it abuse if you open 20 simultaneous connections to their data feeds. Instead it may be better to use one or two connections that are reused for multiple files. Or your own connection may be limited in strange ways.. My isp limits the number of dns lookups you can do so some kind of dns caching would be nice.","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6882,"Q_Id":6750619,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I used the standard libs for that, urllib.urlretrieve to be precise. downloaded podcasts this way, via a simple thread pool, each using its own retrieve. I did about 10 simultanous connections, more should not be a problem. Continue a interrupted download, maybe not. Ctrl-C could be handled, I guess. Worked on Windows, installed a handler for progress bars. All in all 2 screens of code, 2 screens for generating the URLs to retrieve.","Q_Score":19,"Tags":"python,http,parallel-processing,download,feed","A_Id":6889198,"CreationDate":"2011-07-19T16:28:00.000","Title":"Library or tool to download multiple files in parallel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So, I have a FB app already, and when people connect I ask for the extended permission \"email\" and that is all well and good.  I save the email and can get a list of their friends' ids and basic profiles.\nI want to know if there is a way for me to figure out which of their friends have allowed their email to be visible to people\/friends\/public (not my app) and then get that email so I can give back a list of people they can connect to.\nSo, let's say you have 12 on facebook, and of those 12, 4 have allowed anyone to see their email.  I want to give you those 4 emails because they have allowed them to be publicly\/friend visible.  Other than those, I'd have to set up a custom \"request permission to know your email\" kind of thing.\nIt seems as though it's not possible, but I just wanted to make sure.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":226,"Q_Id":6755679,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"We don't allow access to friend email addresses for obvious privacy reasons. You have to explicitly ask for this from each user.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":6770444,"CreationDate":"2011-07-20T00:21:00.000","Title":"Facebook Graph API: Have extended permission, need something odd","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i want to use python in combination with tcpdump to put the generated stream from tcpdump into a more readable way. There are some fields in the streams with interesting values.\nI found some stuff here at stackoverflow regarding python and tcpdump but in my mind the best way is to put it in an array.\nAfter this is done i want to read some fields out of the array, and than it can be cleared and used for the next network frame.\nCan somebody give me some hints, how this can be done?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":476,"Q_Id":6791916,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can try using Scapy sniffing function sniff, append the captured packets to a list and do your extraction process.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,stream","A_Id":17312308,"CreationDate":"2011-07-22T15:00:00.000","Title":"put stream from tcpdump into an array - which python version should i use?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a custom assert function in user-extensions.js that uses a custom locator function - also implemented in user-extensions.js - to locate a particular element on a page. \nWithout getting into details; I need the custom locator function because I'm trying to locate an element in a different namespace on the page - something Selenium doesn't seem to support natively.\nWhen calling the custom assert function from Selenium IDE, it uses the custom locator function \"implicitly\" to lookup the element I'm looking for, does the assert and everything works fine. With \"implicitly\" I mean that I call the assert function with a Target \"abc=...\" and Selenium IDE then knows that should use the locateElementByAbc locator function to lookup the particular element.\nHowever, when calling the same custom assert function from Selenium RC (Python), using the do_command function in Python, the custom locator function is apparently not called implicitly, and the element is not found.\nHow do I make my Selenium RC Python script to use the locateElementByAbc function? Note that the user-extensions.js is loaded when starting the Selenium server, so that part is working. The assert function can also be called using the Selenium do_command function from Python.\nThanks for your help, it is well appreciated!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":592,"Q_Id":6805180,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The problem is most likely that your custom locator function (LocateElementByMyprefix()) is not being registered.  Selenium RC does user-extension.js setup just a little differently from Selenium IDE, and the timing can get in the way.  Try calling selenium.browserbot._registerAllLocatorFunctions() after your function is defined.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-rc,locate,user-extensions.js","A_Id":6819144,"CreationDate":"2011-07-24T05:53:00.000","Title":"Calling custom assert function from Selenium RC (Python) with a custom locator function in user-extensions.js","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using jQuery's $.ajax() to send Ajax request to server and bring back a large chunk of HTML content to replace the content of a div. Everything works fine except for the problem that while the div is being updated, the page is kind of frozen (even the vertical scroll bar is not draggable). It comes back to normal after the div is updated.\nAnyone knows if this is desired behavior? (yes, the HTML content is a little big but not super big)\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":510,"Q_Id":6824062,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try to implement a loader with a freezing background.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,ajax","A_Id":6824093,"CreationDate":"2011-07-26T00:39:00.000","Title":"Page scroll bar freezes while div is updated by Ajax responseText","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using jQuery's $.ajax() to send Ajax request to server and bring back a large chunk of HTML content to replace the content of a div. Everything works fine except for the problem that while the div is being updated, the page is kind of frozen (even the vertical scroll bar is not draggable). It comes back to normal after the div is updated.\nAnyone knows if this is desired behavior? (yes, the HTML content is a little big but not super big)\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":510,"Q_Id":6824062,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Can you link your ajax code? I think you are doing a sync call, try setting async: true.\nStill without the code thats all I can think about.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,ajax","A_Id":6825203,"CreationDate":"2011-07-26T00:39:00.000","Title":"Page scroll bar freezes while div is updated by Ajax responseText","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have this problem, I need to scrape lots of different HTML data sources, each data source contains a table with lots of rows, for example country name, phone number, price per minute.\nI would like to build some semi automatic scraper which will try to ..\n\nfind automatically the right table in the HTML page,\n-- probably by searching the text for some sample data and trying to find the common HTML element which contain both \nextract the rows \n-- by looking at above two elements and selecting the same patten\nidentify which column contains what\n-- by using some fuzzy algorithm to best guess which column is what.\nexport it to some python \/ other list\n-- cleaning everytihng.\n\ndoes this look like a good design ? what tools would you choose to do it in if you program in python ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1205,"Q_Id":6852061,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"does this look like a good design ? \n\nNo.\n\nwhat tools would you choose to do it in if you program in python ?\n\nBeautiful Soup\n\nfind automatically the right table in the HTML page, -- probably by searching the text for some sample data and trying to find the common HTML element which contain both\n\nBad idea.  A better idea is to write a short script to find all tables, dump the table and the XPath to the table.  A person looks at the table and copies the XPath into a script. \n\nextract the rows -- by looking at above two elements and selecting the same patten\n\nBad idea.  A better idea is to write a short script to find all tables, dump the table with the headings.  A person looks at the table and configures a short block of Python code to map the table columns to data elements in a namedtuple.\n\nidentify which column contains what -- by using some fuzzy algorithm to best guess which column is what.\n\nA person can do this trivially.\n\nexport it to some python \/ other list -- cleaning everytihng.\n\nAlmost a good idea.  \nA person picks the right XPath to the table.  A person writes a short snippet of code to map column names to a namedtuple.  Given these parameters, then a Python script can get the table, map the data and produce some useful output.\nWhy include a person?\nBecause web pages are filled with notoriously bad errors.  \nAfter having spent the last three years doing this, I'm pretty sure that fuzzy logic and magical \"trying to find\" and \"selecting the same patten\" isn't a good idea and doesn't work.  \nIt's easier to write a simple script to create a \"data profile\" of the page.\nIt's easier to write a simple script reads a configuration file and does the processing.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":6853367,"CreationDate":"2011-07-27T22:35:00.000","Title":"Smart Automatic Scraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a recommendable library to parse form data and\/or multi-part requests with Python and WSGI?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1493,"Q_Id":6869107,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use cgi.FieldStorage to parse form posts etc.\nYou may be better off though using Werkzeug\/Flask which has its own implementation which works a lot better, plus you get higher level stuff which makes things a lot easier.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,wsgi,multipartform-data,form-data","A_Id":6909531,"CreationDate":"2011-07-29T05:42:00.000","Title":"Parsing form data \/ multi-part requests with Pythons WSGI","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have some random HTML and I used BeautifulSoup to parse it, but in most of the cases (>70%) it chokes. I tried using Beautiful soup 3.0.8 and 3.2.0 (there were some problems with 3.1.0 upwards), but the results are almost same.\nI can recall several HTML parser options available in Python from the top of my head:\n\nBeautifulSoup\nlxml\npyquery\n\nI intend to test all of these, but I wanted to know which one in your tests come as most forgiving and can even try to parse bad HTML.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1484,"Q_Id":6870446,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If beautifulsoup doesn't fix your html problem, the next best solution would be regular expression. lxml, elementtree, minidom are very strict in parsing and actually they are doing right.\nOther tips:\n\nI feed the html to lynx browser through command prompt, and take out the text version of the page\/content and parse using regex.\nConverting to html to text or html to markdown strips all the html tags and you will remain with text. That is easy to parse.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,html-parsing,beautifulsoup,lxml,pyquery","A_Id":6870510,"CreationDate":"2011-07-29T08:22:00.000","Title":"What\u2019s the most forgiving HTML parser in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have some random HTML and I used BeautifulSoup to parse it, but in most of the cases (>70%) it chokes. I tried using Beautiful soup 3.0.8 and 3.2.0 (there were some problems with 3.1.0 upwards), but the results are almost same.\nI can recall several HTML parser options available in Python from the top of my head:\n\nBeautifulSoup\nlxml\npyquery\n\nI intend to test all of these, but I wanted to know which one in your tests come as most forgiving and can even try to parse bad HTML.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1484,"Q_Id":6870446,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I ended up using BeautifulSoup 4.0 with html5lib for parsing and is much more forgiving, with some modifications to my code it's now working considerabily well, thanks all for suggestions.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,html-parsing,beautifulsoup,lxml,pyquery","A_Id":6896409,"CreationDate":"2011-07-29T08:22:00.000","Title":"What\u2019s the most forgiving HTML parser in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using the Python Requests library to make HTTP requests. I obtain a cookie from the server as text. How do I turn that into a CookieJar with the cookie in it?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":74064,"Q_Id":6878418,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Well, cookielib.LWPCookieJar has load and save methods on it. Look at the format and see if it matches the native cookie format. You may well be able to load your cookie straight into a cookie jar using StringIO.\nAlternatively, if Requests is using urllib2 under the hood, you could add a cookie handler to the default opener.","Q_Score":43,"Tags":"python,cookies,python-requests,httprequest","A_Id":6929808,"CreationDate":"2011-07-29T20:02:00.000","Title":"Putting a `Cookie` in a `CookieJar`","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm porting one of my projects from C# and am having trouble solving a multithreading issue in Python.  The problem relates to a long-lived HTTP request, which is expected (the request will respond when a certain event occurs on the server).  Here's the summary:\nI send the request using urllib2 on a separate thread.  When the request returns or times out, the main thread is notified.  This works fine.  However, there are cases where I need to abort this outstanding request and switch to a different URL.  There are four solutions that I can consider:\n\nAbort the outstanding request.  C# has WebRequest.Abort(), which I can call cross-thread to abort the request.  Python urllib2.Request appears to be a pure data class, in that instances only store request information; responses are not connected to Request objects.  So I can't do this.\nInterrupt the thread.  C# has Thread.Interrupt(), which will raise a ThreadInterruptedException in the thread if it is in a wait state, or the next time it enters such a state.  (Waiting on a monitor and file\/socket I\/O are both waiting states.)  Python doesn't seem to have anything comparable; there does not appear to be a way to wake up a thread that is blocked on I\/O.\nSet a low timeout on the request.  On a timeout, check an \"aborted\" flag.  If it's false, restart the request.\nSimilar to option 3, add an \"aborted\" flag to the state object so that when the request does finally end in one way or another, the thread knows that the response is no longer needed and just shuts itself down.\n\nOptions 3 and 4 seem to be the only ones supported by Python, but option 3 is a horrible solution and 4 will keep open a connection I don't need.  I am hoping to be a good netizen and close this connection when I no longer need it.  Is there any way to actually abort the outstanding request, one way or another?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":799,"Q_Id":6916976,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Similar to Spike Gronim's answer, but even more heavy handed.\nConsider rewriting this in twisted.  You probably would want to subclass twisted.web.http.HTTPClient, in particular implementing handleResponsePart to do your client interaction (or handleResponseEnd if you don't need to see it before the response ends).  To close the connection early, you just call the loseConnection method on the client protocol.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":6917498,"CreationDate":"2011-08-02T18:45:00.000","Title":"Aborting HTTP request cross-thread","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've wrote a simple client and a server.\nThey both can configured to use SSL or not. You can set it up in the client and in the server.\nMy problem is, if I try to connect without SSL to a server setup with SSL, the connection is made but stuck. (of course... it is normal).\nHow my client can know that he is trying to connect without SSL to a server using SSL? and vice versa?\nThe best solution will be that my client autodetect if server use SSL or not and do the proper connect(TCP or SSL).\nThans in advance for any answer =)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":623,"Q_Id":6925122,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Use a different port number for SSL connections. This is how HTTP \/ HTTPS are used.\nOr\nDefine a command in your protocol to transform the connection into SSL e.g. STARTTLS, based on a capability negotiation. This is one way the same thing is achieved in SMTP.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssl,tcp,twisted","A_Id":6925249,"CreationDate":"2011-08-03T10:35:00.000","Title":"How to know if my server is using SSL or not (with Twisted)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've wrote a simple client and a server.\nThey both can configured to use SSL or not. You can set it up in the client and in the server.\nMy problem is, if I try to connect without SSL to a server setup with SSL, the connection is made but stuck. (of course... it is normal).\nHow my client can know that he is trying to connect without SSL to a server using SSL? and vice versa?\nThe best solution will be that my client autodetect if server use SSL or not and do the proper connect(TCP or SSL).\nThans in advance for any answer =)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":623,"Q_Id":6925122,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The best solution will be that my client autodetect if server use SSL\n  or not and do the proper connect(TCP or SSL).\n\nNot possible. The first event in an SSL connection is a message from the client, not from the server.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssl,tcp,twisted","A_Id":6925332,"CreationDate":"2011-08-03T10:35:00.000","Title":"How to know if my server is using SSL or not (with Twisted)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to Python and would like to write a script to change Windows proxy settings based on the network I am connected to. Is there any existing python module I can use? Appreciate your help.\nThanks,\nSethu","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1602,"Q_Id":6935796,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Cannot you set the HTTP_PROXY environment variable in Windows (either manually or within your program) for your application before sending the request? That should take care that any request you send it via urllib2 goes via Proxy.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,windows,proxy","A_Id":6935860,"CreationDate":"2011-08-04T03:14:00.000","Title":"Which Python module to use to access the Proxy setting of Windows 7?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Maybe a silly question, but I usually learn a lot with those. :)\nI'm working on a software that deals a lot with XML, both as input and as output, and in between a lot of processing occurs. \nMy first thought was to use internally a dict as a internal data structure, and from there, work my way with a process of reading and writing it.\nWhat you guys think? Any better approach, python-wise?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":6957355,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends completely on what type of data you have in XML, what kinds of processing you'll need to do with it, what sort of output you'll need to produce from it, etc.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":6957382,"CreationDate":"2011-08-05T13:48:00.000","Title":"Ideal Data Structure to Deal with XML Data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to access the screen of a stock version of a headless VirtualBox 4.x remotely using RDP with Python or access it using the VNC protocol?\nI want to be able to access the boot screen (F12), too, so I cannot boot a VNC server in the Guest as the Guest is not yet booted.\nNote that I already have an RFB version in pure Python, however stock VirtualBox seems not to support VNC style remote connections, OTOH I somehow was unable to find a Python RDP library, sadly.\nWhat I found so far but I do not want to use:\n\nA Java RDP client, however I do not want to switch horses, so I want to keep it Python\nVirtualBox API seems to provide Python with access to the framebuffer, but I am not completely sure.  However this then is bound to VirtualBox only, an RDP library (or letting VB talk RFB) would be more generic.\n\nNotes:\n\nSo what I need either is a way to add VNC\/RFB support to an original VirtualBox (.vbox-extpack?)\nor find some RDP library written in pure Python.\nIt must be available on at least all platforms for which VirtualBox is available.\n\nIf neither is possible, I think I will try the VirtualBox API in Python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1273,"Q_Id":6975995,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have you considered Jython, which ought to be able to integrate  natively with the Java library you already have?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,virtualbox,rdp","A_Id":7852841,"CreationDate":"2011-08-07T21:46:00.000","Title":"How to connect Python to VirtualBox using RDP or RFB?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to:\n\nSend request from the browser to a python CGI script\nThis request will start some very long operation\nThe browser should check progress of that operation every 3 seconds\n\nHow can I do that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":345,"Q_Id":6983622,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could do this -\n\nUse Javascript to check progress every 3 seconds.\nYour Python script hit at anytime should give the progress at that instance. It should essentially act as state-machine. You need a server here or maybe the progress is stored on some file. \n\nBut having a server is the way to go... \nMaybe the long running process stores the progress in a MySQL table.\nHope this helps...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ajax,cgi","A_Id":6983929,"CreationDate":"2011-08-08T14:25:00.000","Title":"Python with CGI - handle ajax","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have written an application which using twitter authentication.\nAuthentication process:\n\nGet the request token\nAuthorize the token\nGet the access key\n\nNow I have access key, I can use the twitter API. I stored the access_key pair in the database for further use. But when next time user logged in via twitter, since already i have access_key pair I dont want to authorize. How can I do that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":151,"Q_Id":6998046,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You mean you're using the \"log in via twitter\" hack?\nWell, if you want a \"remember me\" option you can build one just like normal (store some session info in a cookie... all security caveats apply).\nIf the actually are logged out and there's no cookie then you have to go through the whole process again anyway.  The authorize step will just redirect them right back, likely, since they have already authorized your app.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api,twitter","A_Id":6998115,"CreationDate":"2011-08-09T14:44:00.000","Title":"twitter authentication issue using oauth?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm primarily using Drupal and am considering moving away from CMS.  If I were to build my own platform could I integrate modules like commenting systems, user login, etc. through a PHP\/Python API?  What would be the proper steps\/good places to look\/good tutorial on this?  Would I have to build all of my own tables manually to suit the needs of such custom modules?  I'm wondering if this would even be possible with out having to hard code all of this by hand?  Thank you.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":152,"Q_Id":7006013,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First of all if you are considering moving away from CMS than you should consider using some sort of framework but with time you will come to idea that you need your own shit in order to be satisfied.\nSecond, subject you are trying to decipher is a little bit more complex than just writing it down here. \nI would suggest you to first think what do you need. What is your main goal with it or what are you trying to accomplish? For example in meaning of commenting, if you want the truth nor PHP nor Python are masterpieces. Why not to consider Node.JS for that?\nI mean, web is becoming real-time more and more. Now days we have scripts or to be more precise, pieces of art such as Socket.IO who can with help of Node.JS handle large amount of traffic without any problem. Something nor Python nor PHP can do.\nSome stuff you will need to code by yourself but most of the time you just need to code \"architecture link\" between one versus many features. Eg. take some code and adjust it to be able use it from your own framework or whatever.\nAs far I see it. I like to do all crucial parts by myself but for example there is Zend Framework and you can use ACL + Auth library and start from there.\nHope this makes some sense. Cheers!","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python","A_Id":7006100,"CreationDate":"2011-08-10T04:46:00.000","Title":"Are there comment system\/user loggin type modules through PHP API\/Python API outside of CMS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to Python so I'm sorry if this is a newbie question.\nI'm trying to build a program involving webscraping and I've noticed that Python 3 seems to have significantly fewer web-scraping modules than the Python 2.x series.  \nBeautiful Soup, mechanize, and scrapy -- the three modules recommended to me -- all seem to be incompatible.  \nI'm wondering if anyone on this forum has a good option for webscraping using python 3.  \nAny suggestions would be greatly appreciated. \nThanks,\nWill","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1521,"Q_Id":7019350,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"lxml.html works on Python 3, and gets you html parsing, at least.\nBeautifulSoup 4, which is in the works, should support Python 3 (I've done some work on this).","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python-3.x,web-scraping","A_Id":7033832,"CreationDate":"2011-08-10T23:54:00.000","Title":"Python 3 web scraping options","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to retrieve messages from an SQS queue during their visibility timeout if you don't have the message id? I.e. something along the lines of \"get invisible messages\" or \"get messages currently being processed\".\nI'm working with large timeouts and sometimes I'd like to be able to inspect the queue to see what's left. I'd rather not have to wait for a 5 hour timeout to expire.\nI'm working with boto in python.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1141,"Q_Id":7044319,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"As far as I know there is no way of doing this. Seeing as your processing code should only take what it needs off the queue and nothing more it doesn't seem like you would ever need to do this. Do your jobs actually take 5hrs to complete? I assume based on \"I'm working with large timeouts\" they do but if not you can set the expiration to make it a shorter period.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,parallel-processing,boto,amazon-sqs","A_Id":7045553,"CreationDate":"2011-08-12T17:58:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to retrieve messages from SQS while they're invisible?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to be able to identify an audio sample (that is provided by the user) in a audio file I've got (mp3).\nThe mp3 file is a radio stream that I've kept for testing purposes, and I have the Pre-roll of the show. I want to identify it in the file and get the timestamp where it's playing in the file.\nNote: The solution can be in any of the following programming languages: Java, Python or C++. I don't know how to analyze the video file and any reference about this subject will help.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":573,"Q_Id":7052169,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I'd start by computing the FFT spectrogram of both the haystack and needle files (so to speak). Then you could try and (fuzzily) match the spectrograms - if you format them as images, you could even use off-the-shelf algorithms for that.\nNot sure if that's the canonical or optimal way, but I feel like it should work.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,c++,python,audio,signal-processing","A_Id":7052252,"CreationDate":"2011-08-13T17:37:00.000","Title":"Identify audio sample in a file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am very new to programming, and have had no formal training in it before so please bear with me if this is a vague question.\nI was just curious: how do different programs on the same computer communicate with each other? From my programming experience I believe it can be achieved by socket programming? \nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":650,"Q_Id":7053905,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Sockets, shared memory, events \/ signals, pipes, semaphores, message queues, mailslots. Just search the Internet for either.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"java,c++,python,communication","A_Id":7053927,"CreationDate":"2011-08-13T23:19:00.000","Title":"Communicating between applications?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been struggling along with sockets, making OK progress, but I keep running into problems, and feeling like I must be doing something wrong for things to be this hard.\nThere are plenty of tutorials out there that implement a TCP client and server, usually where:\n\nThe server runs in an infinite loop, listening for and echoing back data to clients.\nThe client connects to the server, sends a message, receives the same thing back, and then quits.\n\nThat I can handle. However, no one seems to go into the details of what you should and shouldn't be doing with sequential communication between the same two machines\/processes. \nI'm after the general sequence of function calls for doing multiple messages, but for the sake of asking a real question, here are some constraints:\n\nEach event will be a single message client->server, and a single string response.\nThe messages are pretty short, say 100 characters max.\nThe events occur relatively slowly, max of say, 1 every 5 seconds, but usually less than half that speed.\n\nand some specific questions:\n\nShould the server be closing the connection after its response, or trying to hang on to the connection until the next communication?\nLikewise, should the client close the connection after it receives the response, or try to reuse the connection?\nDoes a closed connection (either through close() or through some error) mean the end of the communication, or the end of the life of the entire object?\n\nCan I reuse the object by connecting again?\nCan I do so on the same port of the server?\nOr do I have reinstantiate another socket object with a fresh call to socket.socket()?\n\nWhat should I be doing to avoid getting 'address in use' errors?\nIf a recv() times out, is the socket reusable, or should I throw it away? Again, can I start a new connection with the same socket object, or do I need a whole new socket?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":643,"Q_Id":7062317,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you know that you will communicate between the two processes soon again, there is no need for closing the connection. If your server has to deal with other connections as well, you want to make it multithreaded, though. \nThe same. You know that both have to do the same thing, right?\nYou have to create a new socket on the client and you can also not reuse the socket on the server side: you have to use the new socket returned by the next (clientsocket, address) = serversocket.accept() call. You can use the same port. (Think of webservers, they always accept connections to the same port, from thousands of clients)\n\nIn both cases (closing or not closing), you should however have a message termination sign, for example a \\n. Then you have to read from the socket until you have reached the sign. This usage is so common, that python has a construct for that: socket.makefile and file.readline\nUPDATE:\n\nPost the code. Probably you have not closed the connection correctly.\nYou can call recv() again. \n\nUPDATE 2:\nYou should never assume that the connection is reliable, but include mechanisms to reconnect in case of errors. Therefore it is ok to try to use the same connection even if there are longer gaps. \nAs for errors you get: if you need specific help for your code, you should post small (but complete) examples.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":7062480,"CreationDate":"2011-08-15T06:46:00.000","Title":"What is the correct procedure for multiple, sequential communications over a socket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to set custom headers of responses to static file requests?\nE.g. I'd want to set Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * when serving static files.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":692,"Q_Id":7074662,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can't; the only thing you can do is to stream these static files adding the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header to the Response.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine","A_Id":7075300,"CreationDate":"2011-08-16T07:05:00.000","Title":"App Engine, Python: setting Access-Control-Allow-Origin (or other headers) for static file responses","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to write a Python program that POSTs a build request to a Jenkins server over HTTPS. I have tried PycURL, which works well, but am now trying to replace that with standard library facilities. The revised program receives a 404 response from the server however, so I would like to inspect both versions of the program's actual POST requests to the server (with and without PycURL) to see what's different.\nWhich tool can I use to capture my program's POST requests and analyze them?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1792,"Q_Id":7075312,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use the program to dump the traffic tcpdump or WireShark","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,networking,http-post","A_Id":7075385,"CreationDate":"2011-08-16T08:13:00.000","Title":"How do I debug HTTPS post requests from my commandline program?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I love node.js, socket.io, the templating engines, etc: as a web framework, it's amazing.\nA lot of my back-end work is with NLP, Machine Learning, and Data Mining, for which there exist hundreds of rock-solid Python libraries, but no Javascript libraries. If I were using Django, I'd just import the libraries and chug away.\nWhat's the recommended approach for handling these complex tasks with node.js? Should I stick with Python web frameworks, is there a convention to dealing with these libraries, or some solution I'm missing?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":360,"Q_Id":7091583,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think you have answered your own question. Python has greater maturity and by your own admission has the libraries you require. Could you narrow down your requirements a bit more?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,node.js","A_Id":7092538,"CreationDate":"2011-08-17T10:51:00.000","Title":"Complex server logic and node.js","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Firstly, sorry i'm just a beginner. Everytime i try to run\/open python an IDLE subprocess error message comes up saying 'socket error: conection refused'. I'm not sure what to do about it, and because of this i can't use python. Could anyone help me please?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":946,"Q_Id":7092639,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You've probably got some kind of firewall in place that prevents IDLE from opening a local network connection. What kind of firewall are you using?\nPS - in a pinch, you can just run python.exe from where it is installed and use a standard text editor (such as Notepad++) to create new scripts and modules. Do you know how to set the PATH environment variable in Windows? Where did you install Python?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-idle","A_Id":7092786,"CreationDate":"2011-08-17T12:18:00.000","Title":"Python won't run everytime i try to run it, why is this?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Firstly, sorry i'm just a beginner. Everytime i try to run\/open python an IDLE subprocess error message comes up saying 'socket error: conection refused'. I'm not sure what to do about it, and because of this i can't use python. Could anyone help me please?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":946,"Q_Id":7092639,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"On Windows, you have to create a firewall rule for IDLE, since it uses a network connection for certain tasks. Unfortunately I could not find any documentation on this topic, but I think it can be read in the IDLE README.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-idle","A_Id":7092770,"CreationDate":"2011-08-17T12:18:00.000","Title":"Python won't run everytime i try to run it, why is this?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Fabric for my build script. I just cloned one of my VMs and created a new server. The Fabric script (which uses paramiko underneath) works fine one server but not the other. Since it's a clone I don't know what could be different but everytime I run my Fabric script I get the error Error reading SSH protocol banner. This script is connecting with the same user on both servers. The script works fine on all other servers except this new one that I just clones. The only thing that is radically different is the IP address which is totally different range.\nAny ideas on what could be causing this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":29345,"Q_Id":7206272,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Try changing the banner timeout from 15 seconds to 30 secs in the transport.py file. Also, it could be that the sshd daemon on the server is hung. Can you SSH into it manually?","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,linux,ssh,fabric,paramiko","A_Id":7207845,"CreationDate":"2011-08-26T14:33:00.000","Title":"Paramiko Error: Error reading SSH protocol banner","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Fabric for my build script. I just cloned one of my VMs and created a new server. The Fabric script (which uses paramiko underneath) works fine one server but not the other. Since it's a clone I don't know what could be different but everytime I run my Fabric script I get the error Error reading SSH protocol banner. This script is connecting with the same user on both servers. The script works fine on all other servers except this new one that I just clones. The only thing that is radically different is the IP address which is totally different range.\nAny ideas on what could be causing this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":29345,"Q_Id":7206272,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"This issue didn't lie with Paramiko, Fabric or the SSH daemon. It was simply a firewall configuration in ISPs internal network. For some reason, they don't allow communication between different subnets of theirs.\nWe couldn't really fix the firewall configuration so instead we switched all our IPs to be on the same subnet.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,linux,ssh,fabric,paramiko","A_Id":7252752,"CreationDate":"2011-08-26T14:33:00.000","Title":"Paramiko Error: Error reading SSH protocol banner","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The site I am developing supports sign-in with the default SimpleOpenIDSelector providers (the same providers that are listed on stackoverflow login page). While it works for simple sign-ins, my AX-required requests remain unfulfilled. For example, Blogger does not disclose first\/last\/friendly name through AX.\nHow can I ensure that I get a string that is the user's preferred name? What are the possible workarounds or alternatives or standard methods of dealing with this?\nI am using the latest python-openid library.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":97,"Q_Id":7218916,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can not. Since SREG and AX are extensions to OpenID, you can't expect everyone to use it, and therefore you can't be sure that you will get any data back from a provider.\nThe standard method of handling this is to have a normal registration form with the missing fields. Simply use the SREG\/AX data from the provider as a convenience for the user (as if he entered the data manually in your registration form), not as something you should rely on.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"openid,python-openid","A_Id":7226744,"CreationDate":"2011-08-28T03:38:00.000","Title":"Reliable method of getting username or realname from OpenID","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I use selenium webdriver with a custom firefox profile I get the firefox Add-ons pop up showing 2 extensions: Firefx WebDriver 2.5.0 and Ubuntu Firefox Modifications 0.9rc2.\nHow can I get rid of this popup? I looked in the server jar to see if I could find the extensions, no luck. Looked online for the extensions, no luck. When I run the code without using the custom profile there is no popup.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1461,"Q_Id":7233631,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Open Firefox with this profile (with profile manager), go to Firefox preferences, turn off updates - this works for me.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium","A_Id":7267936,"CreationDate":"2011-08-29T17:33:00.000","Title":"Using Selenium webdriver with a custom firefox profile - how to get rid of addins popup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a tcp based server with the twisted.internet module. It's a high concurrency environment. \nI usually send data by the instance of protocol.Protocol, and I got a problem with that.\nSome of the tcp connections may be closed caused by timeout, and it seems I cannot get any notification so that the data I have written in the closed connection may be lost.\nAnd the data loss problem may caused by some other way. \nIs there any good way to control it? (socket.send could return a state, transport.write seems have no return)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":531,"Q_Id":7237996,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"This problem is not specific to Twisted.  Your protocol must have some acknowledgement that data was received, if you want to know that it was received.\nThe result from send() does not tell you that the data was authoritatively received by the peer; it just says that it was queued by the kernel for transport.  From your application's point of view, it really doesn't matter whether the data was queued by Twisted, or by your C runtime, or by your kernel, or an intermediary downstream switch, or the peer's kernel, or whatever.  Maybe it's sent, maybe it's not.  Put another way, transport.write() takes care of additional buffering that send() doesn't, guaranteeing that it always buffers all of your bytes, whereas send() will only buffer some.\nYou absolutely need to have an application-level acknowledgement message if you care about whether a network peer has seen your data or not.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,tcp,twisted","A_Id":7238064,"CreationDate":"2011-08-30T02:10:00.000","Title":"data loss problem of tcp protocol in twisted","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to have my application read a document using xml.sax.parse. Things work fine but when I move the executable to a Windows server 2008 machine things break down. I get an SAXReaderNotAvailable exception with \"No parsers found\" message.\nThe setup I'm using to build the executable is:\n\n64 bit windows 7\nPython 2.7.2 32-bit\nPyInstaller 1.5.1","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":446,"Q_Id":7241240,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The executable turned out to be fine. For some reason or the other there's wrong versions of the needed dlls in PATH and the executable ended up trying to use those.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":7305695,"CreationDate":"2011-08-30T09:36:00.000","Title":"How can I use xml.sax module on an executable made with PyInstaller?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to take updating weather data from a website that isn't mine and put a chunk of it into a generic text file every 30 minutes. The text file should not have any html tags or anything but could be delimited by commas or periods or tabs. The website generating the data puts the data in a table with no class or id. What i need is the text from one  tag and each of its individual  tags within. The  tag is on the same line number every time regardless of the updated data.\nThis seems a bit silly of a challenge as the method for getting the data doesn't seem ideal. I'm open to suggestions for different methods for getting an updated (hourly-twice dailyish) temperature\/dewpoint\/time\/etc data point and for it to be put in a text file. \nWith regards to automating it every 30 minutes or so, i have an automation program that can download webpages at any time interval. \nI hope i was specific enough with this rather weird(to me at least) challenge. I'm not even sure where to start. I have lots of experience with html and basic knowledge of Python, javascript, PHP, and SQL but i am open to taking code or learning syntax of other languages.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":74,"Q_Id":7249412,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For Python\n\nFor timed tasks for N minutes create an UNIX cron job or Windows equivalent which runs your .py script regularly\nDownload the weather data using urllib2 module in .py script\nParse HTML using BeautifulSoup or lxml libraries\nSelect the relevant bits of HTML using XPath selectors or CSS selectors (lxml)\nProcess data and write it to a text file\n\nThe actual implementation is left as an exercise to a reader :)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,html","A_Id":7249558,"CreationDate":"2011-08-30T20:30:00.000","Title":"Saving select updating data points from an external webpage to a text file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to rename all files in a folder and add a .xml extension. I am using Unix.  How can I do that?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13442,"Q_Id":7253198,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"In Python:\nUse os.listdir to find names of all files in a directory. If you need to recursively find all files in sub-directories as well, use os.walk instead. Its API is more complex than os.listdir but it provides powerful ways to recursively walk directories.\nThen use os.rename to rename the files.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"php,python,linux,shell,unix","A_Id":7253246,"CreationDate":"2011-08-31T06:11:00.000","Title":"How to add .xml extension to all files in a folder in Unix\/Linux","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to get some locations in New York using FourSquare API using the following API call:\n\nhttps:\/\/api.foursquare.com\/v2\/venues\/search?ll=40.7,-74&limit=50\n\nWhat I don't understand is that if the call imposes a limit of 50 search results (which is the maximum), how can I get more locations? When using Facebook API, the results being returned were random so I could issue multiple calls to get more results but FourSquare seems to be returning the same result set. Is there a good way to get more locations?\nEDIT:\nOk. So there was a comment saying that I could be breaking a contractual agreement and I am not sure why this would be the case. I would gladly accept a reasoning for this. My doubt is this: Let us say that hypothetically, the location I am searching for is not in the 50 results returned? In that case, shouldn't there be a pagination mechanism somewhere?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2222,"Q_Id":7303309,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The current API limits results to 50. You should try altering your coordinates to be more precise to avoid not finding your venue.\nPagination would be nice but 50 is a lot of venues for a search.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,http,foursquare","A_Id":7354603,"CreationDate":"2011-09-05T02:02:00.000","Title":"How do I get more locations?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"StAX seems to be a pulling parser (like SAX but without inversion of control). But I didn't find the equivalent of python's expandNode which is what I was interested in in the first place, I don't care about inversion of control.\nFor those who don't know pulldom, it's a S(t)AX parser where at any point you can obtain the current subtree as a DOM Node.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":180,"Q_Id":7307423,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The Java approach seems to be that either you get streaming or DOM parser but not both; while python allows mixing the two.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,xml,sax,stax","A_Id":7309549,"CreationDate":"2011-09-05T11:30:00.000","Title":"Is there an equivalent of python's pulldom for java?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Im creating the front end for a web service, and another company the back end. I need a good, simple and easily understandable way of making a document of API calls that we can collaborate on and edit together without confusing one another.\nare there any good specs\/examples etc of project API documentation so this doesnt get in a huge mess with many re-writes?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1413,"Q_Id":7333852,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For small APIs I\u00b4ve began to use Google Docs. Its collaboration features are awesome and you can see a list of all changes made on this document.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,ajax,api,specifications","A_Id":7333988,"CreationDate":"2011-09-07T12:24:00.000","Title":"Good examples\/templates\/best practices API documentation","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an application which communicates over the local area network. However, I want to instead make it communicate over the internet. To do this I propose making an intermediate program which will read the network traffic generated from the application on one computer and send it to the application on another computer.\nThis involves:\n\nReading the outgoing network traffic of the application\nSending a copy of this traffic over the internet to another computer\nGiving this copy to the application on the other computer\n\nInstead of this:\nApplication on computer A <-LAN-> Application on computer B\nI want to achieve this:\nApplication on A <--> My Program on A <-INTERNET-> My program on B <--> Application on B\nI can accomplish (2), but with (1) and (3) my problem is that I have very little experience with networking and I do not know where to start. I can program in python but would be willing to use c++ to accomplish this.\n(Hamachi does not work for this application, I do not know why.)\nIn response to comments\nI do not intend to manipulate any data unless it is necessary to make the connection work. I have no control over the application itself and it does not provide me with any methods to configure the connection with the exception of a port number.\nTCP and UDP are both used on the port 6112. The IP addresses used are first 255.255.255.255 for a generic broadcast used to discover other applications on the LAN (with UDP), then a TCP connection is established.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1131,"Q_Id":7337966,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Why re-engineer the wheel? Why not just use OpenVPN, n2n or vtun etc etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c++,python,proxy,network-programming","A_Id":7338903,"CreationDate":"2011-09-07T17:23:00.000","Title":"How to create a generic network proxy using Python or C++?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to ask how can I get list of urls which are opened in my webbrowser, from example in firefox. I need it in Python.\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1872,"Q_Id":7358224,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First I'd check if the browser has some kind of command line argument which could print such informations. I only checked Opera and it doesn't have one. What you could do is parse session file. I'd bet that every browser stores list of opened tabs\/windows on disk (so it could recover after crash). Opera has this information in ~\/.opera\/sessions\/autosave.win. It's pretty straight-forward text file. Find other browsers' session files in .mozzila, .google, etc.. or if you are on windows in \/user\/ directories. There might be commands to ask running instance for its working directory (as you can specify it on startup and it doesn't have to be the default one).\nThat's the way I'd go. Might be the wrong one.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":7358989,"CreationDate":"2011-09-09T07:05:00.000","Title":"Get url from webbrowser in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way how to find out, if ip address comming to the server is proxy in Python?\nI tried to scan most common ports, but i don't want to ban all ips with open 80 port, because it don't have to be proxy.\nIs there any way how to do it in Python? I would prefere it before using some external\/paid services.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":328,"Q_Id":7371442,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If it's a HTTP traffic, you can scan for headers like X-Forwarded-For. \nBut whatever you do it will always be only a heuristic.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,proxy","A_Id":7378232,"CreationDate":"2011-09-10T11:39:00.000","Title":"Python - Determine if ip is proxy or not","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"conn=httlib.HTTPConnection(self.proxy)\nSelf.proxy has destination ip and port.\nI want to do multiple connection from multiple IP addresses to destination\nHow to specify the source IP while connect request.Please help me out.\nThanks in Advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2170,"Q_Id":7387190,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I assume that you have multiple network connections on the same computer (i.e. a wired and wireless connection) and you want to make sure that your connect goes over a specific interface.\nIn general you cannot do this. How your traffic is sent to a specific ip address, and therefore what source ip address it shows, is determined by your operating system's routing tables. As you haven't specified what operating system this I can't go into more detail.\nYou may be able to do this using some of the more advanced routing configuration, but that's an operating system level problem and can't be done through Python.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,connect","A_Id":7387467,"CreationDate":"2011-09-12T11:31:00.000","Title":"Http connect request from multiple IP address to destination in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"conn=httlib.HTTPConnection(self.proxy)\nSelf.proxy has destination ip and port.\nI want to do multiple connection from multiple IP addresses to destination\nHow to specify the source IP while connect request.Please help me out.\nThanks in Advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2170,"Q_Id":7387190,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I got the solution but not 100%\nRequirement: Has to send request from 10 Ip address to one destination. \nAchieved the same through the following API\nclass httplib.HTTPConnection(host[, port[, strict[, timeout[, source_address]]]])\n\nhere, we can mention the last parameter source IP\nLike, httlib.HTTPConnection(dest_ip, dest_port, src_ip)\n For Example:httlib.HTTPConnection(\"198.168.1.5\",8080,\"198.168.1.1\")\ncreated the connection under for loop for 10 unique src ip addresses. \nOutput: Connected to destination with 10 different port number with same IP address. I don't know why it happens like this.\nProblem solved. Thanks for all.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,connect","A_Id":7399178,"CreationDate":"2011-09-12T11:31:00.000","Title":"Http connect request from multiple IP address to destination in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am basically new to this kind of work.I am programming my application in C# in VS2010.I have a crystal report that is working fine and it basically gets populated with some xml data. That XMl data is coming from other application that is written in Python on  another machine.\nThat Python script generates some data and that data is put on the memory stream. I basically have to read that memory stream and write my xml which is used to populate my crystal report. So my supervisor wants me to use remote procedure call.\nI have never done any remote procedure calling. But as I have researched and understood. I majorly have to develop a web or WCF service I guess. I don't know how should I do it. We are planning to use the http protocol.\nSo, this is how it is supposed to work. I give them the url of my service and they would call that service and my service should try to read the data they put on the memory stream. After reading the data I should use part of the data to write my xml and this xml is used to populate my crystal report.\nThe other part of the data ( other than the data used to write the xml) should be sent to a database on the SQl server. This is my complete problem definition. I need ideas and links that will help me in solving this problem.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":779,"Q_Id":7392676,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As John wrote, you're quite late if it's urgent and your description is quite vague. There are 1001 RPC techniques and the choice depends on details. But taking into account that you seem just to exchange some xml data, you probably don't need a full RPC implementation. You can write a HTTP server in python with just a few lines of code. If it needs to be a bit more stable and log running, have a look at twisted. Then just use pure html and the WebClient class. Not a perfect solution, but worked out quite well for me more than once. And you said it's urgent! ;-)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c#,python,web-services,rpc","A_Id":7392759,"CreationDate":"2011-09-12T19:05:00.000","Title":"Remote procedure call in C#","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"most of my job is on a citrix ICA app.\ni work in a winsows enviroment.\namong other things, i have to print 300 reports from my app weekly. i am trying to automate this task. i was using a screenshot automation tool called sikuli, but it is not portable form station to station. \ni thought i might be able to inject packets and send the commands on that level. i was not able to read the packets i captured with whireshark or do anythin sensable with them.\ni have expirence with python and if i get pointed in the right direction, i am pretty sure i can pull something off. \ndoes anyone have any ideas on how to do this (i am leaning towards packet injection aat the moment, but am open to ideas).\nthanks for the help,\nsam","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":978,"Q_Id":7398343,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"after a lot of research, it cant be done. some manipulation like change window focus with the ICA COM object.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,automation,citrix,packet-injection","A_Id":10010649,"CreationDate":"2011-09-13T07:34:00.000","Title":"citrix GUI automation or packet injection?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to use CherryPy for a simple website, having never done Python web programming before.\nI'm stuck trying to allow the download of a file that is dynamically created. I can create a file and return it from the handler, or call serve_fileobj() on the file, but in either case the contents of the file are simply rendered to the screen, rather than downloaded.\nDoes CherryPy offer any useful methods here? How can this be accomplished?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1404,"Q_Id":7400601,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Add 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"<file>\"' header to response","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":7401164,"CreationDate":"2011-09-13T10:47:00.000","Title":"How to allow dynamically created file to be downloaded in CherryPy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using buildbot (system for CI) and have one problem. How can I send parameters of Change to all builders? I want to use the properties comments and who of Changes object.\nThx","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":587,"Q_Id":7417518,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm find answer: inheritance from BuildStep and use \nself.build.allChanges() and for set property: self.setProperty()","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,continuous-integration,buildbot","A_Id":7442406,"CreationDate":"2011-09-14T13:56:00.000","Title":"Buildbot properties from changes to all build","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to parse a ODF-document with xml.dom.minidom. I would like to get all elements that are text:p OR text:h. Seems like there would be a way to add a wildcard in the getElementsByTagName method. Or is it?\nIs there a better way to parse a odf-document without uno?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":897,"Q_Id":7421351,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As getElementsByTagName returns a DOMElement list you could just simply concatenate the two lists.\nAlternatively XPath supports and\/or operators, so you could use that. That would require using the elementTree or lxml modules instead.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":7421454,"CreationDate":"2011-09-14T18:42:00.000","Title":"Wildcards in getElementsByTagName (xml.dom.minidom)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working with mobile, so I expect network loss to be common. I'm doing payments, so each request matters.\nI would like to be able to test my server to see precisely how it will behave with client network loss at different points in the request cycle -- specifically between any given packet send\/receive during the entire network communication.\nI suspect that the server will behave slightly differently if the communication is lost while sending the response vs. while waiting for a FIN-ACK, and I want to know which timings of disconnections I can distinguish.\nI tried simulating an http request using scapy, and stopping communication between each TCP packet. (I.e.: first send SYN then disappear; then send SYN and receive SYN-ACK and then disappear; then send SYN and receive SYN-ACK and send ACK and then disappear; etc.) However, I quickly got bogged down in the details of trying to reproduce a functional TCP stack.\nIs there a good existing tool to automate\/enable this kind of testing?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":435,"Q_Id":7424349,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Unless your application is actually responding to and generating its own IP packets (which would be incredibly silly), you probably don't need to do testing at that layer. Simply testing at the TCP layer (e.g, connect(), send(), recv(), shutdown()) will probably be sufficient, as those events are the only ones which your server will be aware of.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http,tcp,network-programming,scapy","A_Id":7424772,"CreationDate":"2011-09-14T23:54:00.000","Title":"How to test server behavior under network loss at every possible packet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"here is the sample code :\n\n#!\/usr\/bin\/env python\n\n# Sample Python client accessing JIRA via SOAP. By default, accesses\n# http:\/\/jira.atlassian.com with a public account. Methods requiring\n# more than basic user-level access are commented out. Change the URL\n# and project\/issue details for local testing.\n#\n# Note: This Python client only works with JIRA 3.3.1 and above (see\n# http:\/\/jira.atlassian.com\/browse\/JRA-7321)\n#\n# Refer to the SOAP Javadoc to see what calls are available:\n\nimport SOAPpy, getpass, datetime\n\nsoap = SOAPpy.WSDL.Proxy('http:\/\/jira.company.com:8080\/rpc\/soap\/jirasoapservice-v2?wsdl')\n\n\njirauser='username'\npasswd='password'\n\n# This prints available methods, but the WSDL doesn't include argument\n# names so its fairly useless. Refer to the Javadoc URL above instead\n#print 'Available methods: ', soap.methods.keys()\n\ndef listSOAPmethods():\n    for key in soap.methods.keys():\n        print key, ': '\n        for param in soap.methods[key].inparams:\n            print '\\t', param.name.ljust(10), param.type\n        for param in soap.methods[key].outparams:\n            print '\\tOut: ', param.name.ljust(10), param.type\n\n\nauth = soap.login(jirauser, passwd)\n\nissue = soap.getIssue(auth, 'QA-79')\nprint \"Retrieved issue:\", issue\n\nprint \"Done!\"\n\n\nThe complete error is as follows , in order to provide the complete context:\n\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/service.soap.rpc.jira.atlassian.com\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/jira.mycompany.com:8080\/rpc\/soap\/jirasoapservice-v2\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/exception.rpc.jira.atlassian.com\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/schemas.xmlsoap.org\/soap\/encoding\/\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\n\/usr\/local\/lib\/python2.6\/dist-packages\/wstools-0.3-py2.6.egg\/wstools\/XMLSchema.py:3107: DeprecationWarning: object.__init__() takes no parameters\n  tuple.__init__(self, args)\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/service.soap.rpc.jira.atlassian.com\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/beans.soap.rpc.jira.atlassian.com\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/jira.mycompany.com:8080\/rpc\/soap\/jirasoapservice-v2\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/schemas.xmlsoap.org\/soap\/encoding\/\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/service.soap.rpc.jira.atlassian.com\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/beans.soap.rpc.jira.atlassian.com\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/exception.rpc.jira.atlassian.com\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/schemas.xmlsoap.org\/soap\/encoding\/\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/beans.soap.rpc.jira.atlassian.com\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/jira.mycompany.com:8080\/rpc\/soap\/jirasoapservice-v2\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/exception.rpc.jira.atlassian.com\nno schemaLocation attribute in import\nIMPORT:  http:\/\/schemas.xmlsoap.org\/soap\/encoding\/\nno schemaLocation attribute in import","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":549,"Q_Id":7434578,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I changed the JIRA Python CLI code to use suds instead of SOAPpy a while ago and haven't looked back. SOAPpy is pretty old and seems unsupported now.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,soap,jira,soappy","A_Id":7438706,"CreationDate":"2011-09-15T16:53:00.000","Title":"i am getting error \"no schemaLocation attribute in import\" when using Python client accessing JIRA via SOAP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to code my own Python 3 http library to learn more about sockets and the Http protocol. My question is, if a do a recv(bytesToRead) using my socket, how can I get only the header and then with the Content-Length information, continue recieving the page content? Isn't that the purpose of the Content-Length header?\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":739,"Q_Id":7437147,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"In the past to accomplish this, I will read a portion of the socket data into memory, and then read from that buffer until a \"\\r\\n\\r\\n\" sequence is encountered (you could use a state machine to do this or simply use the string.find() function.  Once you reach that sequence you know all of the headers have been read and you can do some parsing of the headers and then read the entire content length.  You may need to be prepared to read a response that does not include a content-length header since not all responses contain it.\nIf you run out of buffer before seeing that sequence, simply read more data from the socket into your buffer and continue processing.\nI can post a C# example if you would like to look at it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http-headers","A_Id":7437186,"CreationDate":"2011-09-15T20:36:00.000","Title":"Http protocol, Content-Length, get page content Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using an API key in some Python code which I am looking to distribute. This API key is for Google Maps. Are there any security issues with regards to distributing this API key and if so, how is it best to hide this?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3290,"Q_Id":7458227,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The Google Maps API key is only for version 2, which has been officially deprecated since May 2010.  Strongly suggest you use Version 3 of the API instead, which is much better, and has no need for an API key.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,api,google-maps,google-maps-api-3","A_Id":7459980,"CreationDate":"2011-09-17T22:21:00.000","Title":"Hiding API key in code (Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using an API key in some Python code which I am looking to distribute. This API key is for Google Maps. Are there any security issues with regards to distributing this API key and if so, how is it best to hide this?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3290,"Q_Id":7458227,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if you're providing a tool for \"power users\" to use google maps, then it's reasonable to expect them to supply their own Google API key.  If that's not an option for your users, you will need to have a web-service that your application accesses to act as a deputy so that your private key is not exposed.  You will still have to devise a means of authenticating users, if that is applicable.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,api,google-maps,google-maps-api-3","A_Id":7458255,"CreationDate":"2011-09-17T22:21:00.000","Title":"Hiding API key in code (Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using an API key in some Python code which I am looking to distribute. This API key is for Google Maps. Are there any security issues with regards to distributing this API key and if so, how is it best to hide this?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3290,"Q_Id":7458227,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You cannot hide this. Your program needs to access it and a hacker will simply use a tool like a debugger, a virtual machine or a modified Python implementation if he\/she really wants to know the API key.\nI don't think it's necessary to hide a Google Maps API key anyway, as a web page will also have this in its source code when the API is in use. You should refer to the documentation or the page where you obtained the key to see if it's a private key.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,api,google-maps,google-maps-api-3","A_Id":7458232,"CreationDate":"2011-09-17T22:21:00.000","Title":"Hiding API key in code (Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using an API key in some Python code which I am looking to distribute. This API key is for Google Maps. Are there any security issues with regards to distributing this API key and if so, how is it best to hide this?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3290,"Q_Id":7458227,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could obfuscate the key in various ways, but it's not worth the effort.  Obfuscation is a weak way to protect information, and in this case your information's security isn't especially critical anyway.\nThe point of the API key is largely so that the API vendor (Google, here) can monitor, throttle, and revoke your application's use of their service.  It is meant to be private, and you shouldn't share it carelessly or intentionally, but it isn't the end of the world if somebody else gets their hands on it.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,api,google-maps,google-maps-api-3","A_Id":7458257,"CreationDate":"2011-09-17T22:21:00.000","Title":"Hiding API key in code (Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm doing some threaded asynchronous networking experiment in python, using UDP.\nI'd like to understand polling and the select python module, I've never used them in C\/C++.\nWhat are those for ? I kind of understand a little select, but does it block while watching a resource ? What is the purpose of polling ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":13909,"Q_Id":7459408,"Users Score":12,"Answer":"If you do read or recv, you're waiting on only one connection. If you have multiple connections, you will have to create multiple processes or threads, a waste of system resource.\nWith select or poll or epoll, you can monitor multiple connections with only one thread, and get notified when any of them has data available, and then you call read or recv on the corresponding connection.\nIt may block infinitely, block for a given time, or not block at all, depending on the arguments.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,multithreading,sockets,polling,epoll","A_Id":7460395,"CreationDate":"2011-09-18T04:06:00.000","Title":"I can't understand polling\/select in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to figure out how to make a server that can accept multiple clients at one time. While doing so, I need the client able to send and receive data from the server at the same time.\nWould i have to make a threaded server? And have a thread for listening for data.\nAnd then another thread for sending out information to the client?  \nThen for the client side, do i need use threads to send\/get info?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4923,"Q_Id":7476072,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You don't need threads for either client or server; you can instead select() to multiplex all the I\/O inside a single thread.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,multithreading,sockets,tcp","A_Id":7496206,"CreationDate":"2011-09-19T19:15:00.000","Title":"simultaneously sending\/receiving info from a server, in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know the title is a bit off, but what I'm asking is if it is possible to have a python script on my website that can detect if my Android phone is connected to the computer Im using to view the page. I don't know if this is possible since I think python is server-side, but maybe this is possible to do with JavaScript? I'm fairly new to programming so I may not be as smart as you guys out there but if someone could just lead me in the right direction I would be grateful.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":271,"Q_Id":7478590,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What you're looking for isn't possible and should not be possible for security concerns.  Do you want someone knowing what devices you have connected to your computer?  You're essentially wanting a device sniffer but a website would not be capable of accessing the client's machine in this manner to access the desired information.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,android,python,django","A_Id":7478626,"CreationDate":"2011-09-19T23:46:00.000","Title":"Python on website to connect to phone connected to computer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I know the title is a bit off, but what I'm asking is if it is possible to have a python script on my website that can detect if my Android phone is connected to the computer Im using to view the page. I don't know if this is possible since I think python is server-side, but maybe this is possible to do with JavaScript? I'm fairly new to programming so I may not be as smart as you guys out there but if someone could just lead me in the right direction I would be grateful.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":271,"Q_Id":7478590,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What you're looking for is not TOTALLY ABSOLUTELY impossible, but you may need some help from the computer you connect the device to, from the browser you're visiting your site with or from the device itself. Some possible options:\n\nhave a program running on your computer which checks if the device is connected and pinging a certain URL on your website if it is.\nwrite a browser plugin which checks if the device is connected and exposing the information via some JS API - the JS code on your site will be able to use it.\nhave a program running on your device which pings your site each time the device is connected to a computer.\n\nAdmittedly, all the solutions are from the \"tricky\" category :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,android,python,django","A_Id":7479646,"CreationDate":"2011-09-19T23:46:00.000","Title":"Python on website to connect to phone connected to computer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a folder called raw_files. Very large files (~100GB files) from several sources will be uploaded to this folder. \nI need to get file information from videos that have finished uploading to the folder. What is the best way to determine if a file is currently being downloaded to the folder (pass) or if the video has finished download (run script)? Thank you.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2501,"Q_Id":7500004,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you check those files, store the size of the files somewhere. When you are in the next round and the filesize is still the same, you can pretty much consider them as finished (depending on how much time is between first and second check). The time interval could e.g. be set to the timeout-interval of your uploading service(FTP, whatever).\nThere is no special sign or content showing that a file is complete.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python","A_Id":7500125,"CreationDate":"2011-09-21T12:48:00.000","Title":"How to determing if a file has finished downloading in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a folder called raw_files. Very large files (~100GB files) from several sources will be uploaded to this folder. \nI need to get file information from videos that have finished uploading to the folder. What is the best way to determine if a file is currently being downloaded to the folder (pass) or if the video has finished download (run script)? Thank you.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2501,"Q_Id":7500004,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The most reliable way is to modify the uploading software if you can.\nA typical scheme would be to first upload each file into a temporary directory on the same filesystem, and move to the final location when the upload is finished. Such a \"move\" operation is cheap and atomic.\nA variation on this theme is to upload each file under a temporary name (e.g. file.dat.incomplete instead of file.dat) and then rename. You script will simply need to skip files called *.incomplete.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python","A_Id":7500205,"CreationDate":"2011-09-21T12:48:00.000","Title":"How to determing if a file has finished downloading in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"BrowserID currently uses a Javascript shim, while browsers are still (hopefully) developing support for it. Is it possible to use BrowserID for clients that don't run javascript?\nI could read the 600 line JS shim, and figure out what navigator.id.getVerifiedEmail is meant to do, then replicate it on a server, but I was hoping there's an easier way. And even then, I don't think it would really work.\nOK, digging a bit deeper, this seems to be peripheral to what BrowserID is meant to do, and might require some kind custom BrowserID validator, but I'm hoping there's an easier way.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":490,"Q_Id":7508016,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"One solution, use OpenID or hand-rolled email verification, but then I have 2 problems. :(","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,graceful-degradation,noscript,browserid","A_Id":7508068,"CreationDate":"2011-09-21T23:50:00.000","Title":"BrowserID without Javascript (preferably in Python) - is it possible?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have some test code (as a part of a webapp) that uses urllib2 to perform an operation I would usually perform via a browser:\n\nLog in to a remote website \nMove to another page\nPerform a POST by filling in a form\n\nI've created 4 separate, clean virtualenvs (with --no-site-packages) on 3 different machines, all with different versions of python but the exact same packages (via pip requirements file), and the code only works on the two virtualenvs on my local development machine(2.6.1 and 2.7.2) - it won't work on either of my production VPSs\nIn the failing cases, I can log in successfully, move to the correct page but when I submit the form, the remote server replies telling me that there has been an error - it's an application server error page ('we couldn't complete your request') and not a webserver error.  \n\nbecause I can successfully log in and maneuver to a second page, this doesn't seem to be a session or a cookie problem - it's particular to the final POST\nbecause I can perform the operation on a particular machine with the EXACT same headers and data, this doesn't seem to be a problem with what I am requesting\/posting\nbecause I am trying the code on two separate VPS rented from different companies, this doesn't seem to be a problem with the VPS physical environment\nbecause the code works on 2 different python versions, I can't imagine it being an incompabilty problem  \n\nI'm completely lost at this stage as to why this wouldn't work. I've even 'turned-it-off-and-turn-it-on-again' because I just can't see what the problem could be.\nI think it has to be something to do with the final POST coming from a VPS that the remote server doesn't like, but I can't figure out what that could be. I feel like there is something going on under the hood of URLlib that is causing the remote server to dislike the reply. \nEDIT\nI've installed the exact same Python version (2.6.1) on the VPS as is on my working local copy and it doesn't work remotely, so it must be something to do with originating from a VPS. How could this effect the Http request? Is it something lower level?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":397,"Q_Id":7508686,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well, it looks like I know why the problem was happening, but I'm not 100% the reason for it. \nI simply had to make the server wait (time.sleep()) after it sent the 2nd request (Move to another page) before doing the 3rd request (Perform a POST by filling in a form). \nI don't know is it because of a condition with the 3rd party server, or if it's some sort of odd issue with URLlib? The reason it seemed to work on my development machine is presumably because it was slower then the server at running the code?","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,http,cookies,urllib2,mechanize","A_Id":7681165,"CreationDate":"2011-09-22T01:51:00.000","Title":"Inexplicable Urllib2 problem between virtualenv's.","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have some test code (as a part of a webapp) that uses urllib2 to perform an operation I would usually perform via a browser:\n\nLog in to a remote website \nMove to another page\nPerform a POST by filling in a form\n\nI've created 4 separate, clean virtualenvs (with --no-site-packages) on 3 different machines, all with different versions of python but the exact same packages (via pip requirements file), and the code only works on the two virtualenvs on my local development machine(2.6.1 and 2.7.2) - it won't work on either of my production VPSs\nIn the failing cases, I can log in successfully, move to the correct page but when I submit the form, the remote server replies telling me that there has been an error - it's an application server error page ('we couldn't complete your request') and not a webserver error.  \n\nbecause I can successfully log in and maneuver to a second page, this doesn't seem to be a session or a cookie problem - it's particular to the final POST\nbecause I can perform the operation on a particular machine with the EXACT same headers and data, this doesn't seem to be a problem with what I am requesting\/posting\nbecause I am trying the code on two separate VPS rented from different companies, this doesn't seem to be a problem with the VPS physical environment\nbecause the code works on 2 different python versions, I can't imagine it being an incompabilty problem  \n\nI'm completely lost at this stage as to why this wouldn't work. I've even 'turned-it-off-and-turn-it-on-again' because I just can't see what the problem could be.\nI think it has to be something to do with the final POST coming from a VPS that the remote server doesn't like, but I can't figure out what that could be. I feel like there is something going on under the hood of URLlib that is causing the remote server to dislike the reply. \nEDIT\nI've installed the exact same Python version (2.6.1) on the VPS as is on my working local copy and it doesn't work remotely, so it must be something to do with originating from a VPS. How could this effect the Http request? Is it something lower level?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":397,"Q_Id":7508686,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is a total shot in the dark, but are your VPSs 64-bit and your home computer 32-bit, or vice versa?  Maybe a difference in default sizes or accuracies of something could be freaking out the server.\nBarring that, can you try to find out any information on the software stack the web server is using?","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,http,cookies,urllib2,mechanize","A_Id":7550771,"CreationDate":"2011-09-22T01:51:00.000","Title":"Inexplicable Urllib2 problem between virtualenv's.","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have been looking for a way to open a new default browser window from inside Python code. \nAccording to the documentation webbrowser.open_new(url)\nShould do that. Unfortunately in case Chrome is the default browser it only opens a new tab.\nIs there any way to open the default browser (without knowing what that browser is)?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5789,"Q_Id":7521729,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I have a feeling it's not Python's fault. Firefox and Chrome (and probably IE) all intercept calls to open new windows and changes them to new tabs. Check the settings in your browser for interpreting those calls.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,browser","A_Id":7521789,"CreationDate":"2011-09-22T21:27:00.000","Title":"How to open a new default browser window in Python when the default is Chrome","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the best way to set up a system that checks for events daily and sends messages via email, Twitter, SMS, and possibly Facebook? Keep in mind, that I do not have access to a web server with root access (Using Rackspace Cloud). Would PHP have a solution for this? Would there be any drawbacks to using Google App Engine and Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":150,"Q_Id":7535544,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you are using Google App Engine with Python you could use \"Cron\" to schedule a task to automatically run each day.\nGAE also allows you to send emails, just a little tip: make sure that you 'invite' the email address used to send mail to the application as an administrator so that you can programatically send emails etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,google-app-engine","A_Id":8426091,"CreationDate":"2011-09-23T22:41:00.000","Title":"Check for Event Daily, and Send Notification Messages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using xmpppy libary to write a XMPP IM robot.\nI want to act on disconnects, but I don't know how to detect disconnects. This could happen if your Jabber server crashes or if you have lost your internet connection.\nI found the callback, RegisterDisconnectHandler(self, DisconnectHandler), but it didn't work for the network failure, it only works when I explicitly call the method \"disconnect\". \nHow do I detect a network failure or server crash?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":392,"Q_Id":7536732,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Did you try waiting 30 minutes after the network failure?  Depending on your network stack's settings, it could take this long to detect.  However, if you're not periodically sending on the socket, you may never detect the outage.  This is why many XMPP stacks periodically send a single space character, using an algorithm like:\n\nSet timer to N seconds\nOn sending a stanza, reset the timer to N\nWhen the timer fires, send a space.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xmpp,bots,xmpppy","A_Id":7558640,"CreationDate":"2011-09-24T03:08:00.000","Title":"A script im robot with xmpppy of python, how to detect network failure?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I just got started with ZMQ. I am designing an app whose workflow is:\n\none of many clients (who have random PULL addresses) PUSH a request to a server at 5555\nthe server is forever waiting for client PUSHes. When one comes, a worker process is spawned for that particular request. Yes, worker processes can exist concurrently.\nWhen that process completes it's task, it PUSHes the result to the client.\n\nI assume that the PUSH\/PULL architecture is suited for this. Please correct me on this.\n\nBut how do I handle these scenarios?\n\nthe client_receiver.recv() will wait for an infinite time when server fails to respond.\nthe client may send request, but it will fail immediately after, hence a worker process will remain stuck at server_sender.send() forever.\n\nSo how do I setup something like a timeout in the PUSH\/PULL model?\n\nEDIT: Thanks user938949's suggestions, I got a working answer and I am sharing it for posterity.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":82000,"Q_Id":7538988,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"The send wont block if you use ZMQ_NOBLOCK, but if you try closing the socket and context, this step would block the program from exiting..\nThe reason is that the socket waits for any peer so that the outgoing messages are ensured to get queued.. To close the socket immediately and flush the outgoing messages from the buffer, use ZMQ_LINGER and set it to 0..","Q_Score":77,"Tags":"python,zeromq","A_Id":10846438,"CreationDate":"2011-09-24T12:25:00.000","Title":"zeromq: how to prevent infinite wait?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing an IRC bot in Python using the Twisted library. To test my bot I need to connect several times to an IRC network as my bot requires a restart each time a change is made. Therefore I am often \"banned\" from these networks for a couple of minutes because I have made a lot of connections.\nThis makes it annoying testing and writing the bot. Does anyone know of a better way to test the bot or any network which isn't as restrict with the amount of connections as QuakeNet is?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3842,"Q_Id":7546026,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"freenode is good..  You can create channels for yourself to test.  Also check out this project called supybot, which is good for Python bots.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,testing,connection,irc,bots","A_Id":7546076,"CreationDate":"2011-09-25T14:09:00.000","Title":"Testing an IRC bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using a Python service that uses pickled messages as part of its protocol.  I'd like to query this service from Java, but to do so, I need to pickle my message on the client (Java).  Are there any implementations of pickle that run on the JVM (ideally with minimal dependencies)?\nClarification: Modifying the server side is not an option, so while alternate serializations would be convenient, they won't solve the problem here.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8413,"Q_Id":7558389,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use a Java JSON serializer like GSON or Jackson to serilaise quite easily and use a python json pickle to deserialize","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"java,python,serialization","A_Id":7558455,"CreationDate":"2011-09-26T16:47:00.000","Title":"How do I serialize a Java object such that it can be deserialized by pickle (Python)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to fetch twitter historical data for a given set of keywords. Twitter Search API returns tweets that are not more than 9 days old, so that will not do. I'm currently using Tweepy Library (http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/tweepy\/) to call Streaming API and it is working fine except the fact that it is too slow. For example, when I run a search for \"$GOOG\" sometimes it takes more than an hour between two results. There are definitely tweets containing that keyword but it isn't returning result fast enough. \nWhat can be the problem? Is Streaming API slow or there is some problem in my method of accessing it? Is there any better way to get that data free of cost?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1072,"Q_Id":7564100,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"How far back do you need?  To fetch historical data, you might want to keep the stream on indefinitely (the stream API allows for this) and store the stream locally, then retrieve historical data from your db.\nI also use Tweepy for live Stream\/Filtering and it works well.  The latency is typically < 1s and Tweepy is able to handle large volume streams.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,twitter,streaming,tweepy","A_Id":7640150,"CreationDate":"2011-09-27T04:06:00.000","Title":"Is there any better way to access twitter streaming api through python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to fetch twitter historical data for a given set of keywords. Twitter Search API returns tweets that are not more than 9 days old, so that will not do. I'm currently using Tweepy Library (http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/tweepy\/) to call Streaming API and it is working fine except the fact that it is too slow. For example, when I run a search for \"$GOOG\" sometimes it takes more than an hour between two results. There are definitely tweets containing that keyword but it isn't returning result fast enough. \nWhat can be the problem? Is Streaming API slow or there is some problem in my method of accessing it? Is there any better way to get that data free of cost?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1072,"Q_Id":7564100,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"streaming API too fast you get message as soon as you post it, we use twitter4j. But streamer  streams only current messages, so if you not listening on streamer the moment you send tweet then message is lost.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,twitter,streaming,tweepy","A_Id":7569606,"CreationDate":"2011-09-27T04:06:00.000","Title":"Is there any better way to access twitter streaming api through python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm downloading files over HTTPS, I request the files through urllib2.Request and they come back as a socket._fileobject. I'd ideally like to stream this to file to avoid loading it into memory but I'm not sure how to do this.\nMy problem is if I call .read() on the object it only returns all the data up to the first NUL character and doesn't read the whole file. How can I solve this?\nThe NUL character comes down as \\x00 if that's any help, not sure what encoding that is","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":406,"Q_Id":7581963,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I found out the problem was that I was running the code inside PyScripter and the in-built python interpreter terminates NUL bytes in the output. So there was no problem with my code, if I run it outside PyScripter everything works fine. Now running Wing IDE and never looking back :)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,nul","A_Id":7791175,"CreationDate":"2011-09-28T10:42:00.000","Title":"read() stops after NUL character","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Lets say an operation could take 2 to 10 minutes on the server to perform, for example to update an index which is time consuming. \nWould you perform the operation while holding the request? ie not sending a HTTP Response until the operation has finished? And if the client\/browser drops the request, just continue with the operation anyway? \nWhat is the alternative? To kick-off the operation, and response with \"long-time operation kicked off\" ? What if the operation fails mid-way how would the client know? Maintain a server-side \"status\" of the operation?\nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":489,"Q_Id":7587939,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"For requests that you know will take a long time (more than a few seconds) to process, you must assume at minimum that the connection may be forcibly severed by a firewall.\nI would say you should implement a queue system on the backend.  The request to perform the operation becomes a request to queue the operation.  When the operation is actually completed, you can either wait for the client to poll, or proactively notify them somehow.  For a browser, you'll pretty much have to either poll or send an e-mail.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,request","A_Id":7588103,"CreationDate":"2011-09-28T18:42:00.000","Title":"Should you hold a HTTP request while the server performs a time consuming operation? Or let the request go?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Lets say an operation could take 2 to 10 minutes on the server to perform, for example to update an index which is time consuming. \nWould you perform the operation while holding the request? ie not sending a HTTP Response until the operation has finished? And if the client\/browser drops the request, just continue with the operation anyway? \nWhat is the alternative? To kick-off the operation, and response with \"long-time operation kicked off\" ? What if the operation fails mid-way how would the client know? Maintain a server-side \"status\" of the operation?\nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":489,"Q_Id":7587939,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You might also use a chunked response. First, push a chunk with some code that would display the \u201cplease wait\u201d screen, flush the response and start the work. Then you can either push and flush chunks with periodical progress updates or just push one at the end with a \u201ccompleted\u201d information. Obviously you can employ JavaScript to get a nice UI.\n(The above does not apply if you're using WSGI as the first WSGI specification is written in a way that blocks using responses of unknown length so using chunked responses there is impossible.)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,request","A_Id":7588099,"CreationDate":"2011-09-28T18:42:00.000","Title":"Should you hold a HTTP request while the server performs a time consuming operation? Or let the request go?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have got a working web application in Python that downloads a file into the web server upon a user's request. This works fine for small file downloads but when the user requests a larger file, the connection times out. So, I think I need to process the download in the background but I'm not sure what tool is most suitable for this. Celery seems to be right but I don't really want it to be queued(the download must start immediately). What would you suggest?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":751,"Q_Id":7595809,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Timout duration is up to you, you could just make it longer.\nAnyway there are plenty of flash or AJAX uploaders out there, nothing you can do only server side AFAIK","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,web-applications,background","A_Id":7595902,"CreationDate":"2011-09-29T10:14:00.000","Title":"Downloading files in background with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I asked a similar question yesterday but I included some code that basically took my question on a different tangent than I had intended.  So I shall try again.\nI am rewriting a python script that crawls a website to find a few hundred text files, I have no interest in any content of the text file beyond the second line of the file.  Previously I would download all of the files then loop through them all to extract the second line.  I would now like to open each file as my script discovers it, grab the second line, and close it without downloading to my harddrive then opening it.  \nSo basically is there a way I can open a file that is at www.example.com\/123456.txt and take the second line from that file copy it to an array or something without downloading it and then opening it.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":124,"Q_Id":7621249,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could try something like urllib2.urlopen('url').read().splitlines()[1] but I guess that would download the entire file to memory","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":7621359,"CreationDate":"2011-10-01T15:47:00.000","Title":"opening files from a website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an HTTP server which host some large file and have python clients (GUI apps) which download it.\nI want the clients to download the file only when needed, but have an up-to-date file on each run.\nI thought each client will download the file on each run using the If-Modified-Since HTTP header with the file time of the existing file, if any. Can someone suggest how to do it in python?\nCan someone suggest an alternative, easy, way to achieve my goal?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1447,"Q_Id":7623600,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can add a header called ETag, (hash of your file, md5sum or sha256 etc ), to compare if two files are different instead of last-modified date","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http,httpclient,urllib2,if-modified-since","A_Id":7623988,"CreationDate":"2011-10-01T23:25:00.000","Title":"Sync local file with HTTP server location (in Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an HTTP server which host some large file and have python clients (GUI apps) which download it.\nI want the clients to download the file only when needed, but have an up-to-date file on each run.\nI thought each client will download the file on each run using the If-Modified-Since HTTP header with the file time of the existing file, if any. Can someone suggest how to do it in python?\nCan someone suggest an alternative, easy, way to achieve my goal?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1447,"Q_Id":7623600,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm assuming some things right now, BUT..\nOne solution would be to have a separate HTTP file on the server (check.php) which creates a hash\/checksum of each files you're hosting. If the files differ from the local files, then the client will download the file. This means that if the content of the file on the server changes, the client will notice the change since the checksum will differ.\ndo a MD5 hash of the file contents, put it in a database or something and check against it before downloading anything.\nYour solution would work to, but it requires the server to actually include the \"modified\" date in the Header for the GET request (some server softwares does not do this).\nI'd say putting up a database that looks something like:\n[ID]   [File_name]   [File_hash] \n0001   moo.txt       asd124kJKJhj124kjh12j","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http,httpclient,urllib2,if-modified-since","A_Id":7623922,"CreationDate":"2011-10-01T23:25:00.000","Title":"Sync local file with HTTP server location (in Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I'm working on a Python IRC framework, and I'm using Python's socket module.  Do I feel like using Twisted?  No, not really.\nAnyway, I have an infinite loop reading and processing data from socket.recv(xxxx), where xxxx is really irrelevant in this situation.  I split the received data into messages using str.split(\"\\r\\n\") and process them one by one.\nMy problem is that I have to set a specific 'read size' in socket.recv() to define how much data to read from the socket.  When I receive a burst of data (for example, when I connect to the IRC server and receive the MOTD.etc), there's always a message that spans two 'reads' of the socket (i.e. part of the line is read in one socket.recv() and the rest is read in the next iteration of the infinite loop).\nI can't process half-received messages, and I'm not sure if there's even a way of detecting them.  In an ideal situation I'd receive everything that's in the buffer, but it doesn't look like socket provides a method for doing that.\nAny help?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":195,"Q_Id":7642309,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Stream-mode sockets (e.g, TCP) never guarantee that you'll receive messages in any sort of neatly framed format. If you receive partial lines of input -- which will inevitably happen sometimes -- you need to hold onto the partial line until the rest of the line shows up.\nUsing Twisted will save you a lot of time. Better yet, you may want to look into using an existing IRC framework -- there are a number of them already available.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,irc","A_Id":7642402,"CreationDate":"2011-10-04T01:02:00.000","Title":"Issues with Python socket module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to do perform data mining on a large scale. For this, I need a fast crawler. All I need is something to download a web page, extract links and follow them recursively, but without visiting the same url twice. Basically, I want to avoid looping.\nI already wrote a crawler in python, but it's too slow. I'm not able to saturate a 100Mbit line with it. Top speed is ~40 urls\/sec. and for some reason it's hard to get better results. It seems like a problem with python's multithreading\/sockets. I also ran into problems with python's gargabe collector, but that was solvable. CPU isn't the bottleneck btw.\nSo, what should I use to write a crawler that is as fast as possible, and what's the best solution to avoid looping while crawling?\nEDIT:\nThe solution was to combine multiprocessing and threading modules. Spawn multiple processes with multiple threads per process for best effect. Spawning multiple threads in a single process is not effective and multiple processes with just one thread consume too much memory.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7297,"Q_Id":7653276,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Around 2 years ago i have developed a crawler. And it can download almost 250urls per second. You could flow my steps.\n\nOptimize your file pointer use. Try to use minimal file pointer.\nDon't write your data every time. Try to dump your data after\nstoring around 5000 url or 10000 url.\nFor your robustness you don't need to use different configuration.\nTry to Use a log file and when you want to resume then just try to\nread the log file and resume your crawler.\nDistributed all your webcrawler task. And process it in a interval\nwise.\na. downloader\nb. link extractor\nc. URLSeen\nd. ContentSeen","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,multithreading,web-crawler,web-mining","A_Id":11539776,"CreationDate":"2011-10-04T19:51:00.000","Title":"Fast internet crawler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In boto and S3 modules the S3 connection constructor takes the access key and the secret key. Is there a connection object that exists that also takes a session token?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2197,"Q_Id":7673840,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This hadn't currently been implemented in boto but has been now and will be in version 2.1 or is available now if you check out the source from github.\nYou can use a session token by passing the token with the key word argument security_token to boto.connect_s3. I think the session token will be implemented elsewhere soon as well.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3","A_Id":7791237,"CreationDate":"2011-10-06T11:49:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to create a S3 connection with a sessions token?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to trigger my AntiVirus (McAfee) when accessing a test-virus URL (http:\/\/eicar.org\/download\/eicar.com) via python. If I use IE, Firefox or even wget for windows, the AntiVirus detects that a virus URL was accessed, which is the expected behavior. However, when using urllib or urllib2, the virus URL is successfully accessed and the AntiVirus does not detect that a \"bad\" URL has been reached.\nHas anyone tried something similar?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":145,"Q_Id":7679557,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Write the output to disk- the virus scanner will see it then.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,windows","A_Id":7679786,"CreationDate":"2011-10-06T19:37:00.000","Title":"Python and Opswat","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Imagine that you need to write some Javascript that simply changes a set of checkboxes when a drop down list is changed.\nDepending on which item is selected in the list, some of the checkboxes will become checked\/unchecked.\nIn the back, you have Python code along with some SQLAlchemy.\nThe Javascript needs to identify the selected item in the list as usual, send it back to the Python module which will then use the variable in some SQLAlchemy to return a list of checkboxes which need to be checked i.e. \"User selected 'Ford', so checkboxes 'Focus', 'Mondeo', 'Fiesta' need to be checked\"\nThe issue Im having is that I cant seem to find a way to access the python modules from the Javascript without turning a div into a mini browser page and passing a url containing variables into it!\nDoes anyone have any ideas on how this should work?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":18016,"Q_Id":7689695,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"python has a json module, which is a perfect fit for this scenario.\nusing a good old AJAX, with json as the data format will allow you to exchange data between javascript and your python module.\n(unless your python module is running on the client side, but then i don't see how you could execute it from the browser...)","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"javascript,python,variables,sqlalchemy","A_Id":7689717,"CreationDate":"2011-10-07T15:49:00.000","Title":"Passing variables between Python and Javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Hello I am having problems with audio being sent over the network. On my local system with no distance there is no problems but whenever I test on a remote system there is audio but its not the voice input i want its choppy\/laggy etc. I believe its in how I am handling the sending of the audio but I have tried now for 4 days and can not find a solution.\nI will post all relevant code and try and explain it the best I can\nthese are the constant\/global values\n\n\n    #initilaize Speex\n    speex_enc = speex.Encoder()\n    speex_enc.initialize(speex.SPEEX_MODEID_WB)\n    speex_dec = speex.Decoder()\n    speex_dec.initialize(speex.SPEEX_MODEID_WB)\n\n    #some constant values\n    chunk = 320\n    FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16\n    CHANNELS = 1\n    RATE = 44100\n\n\nI found adjusting the sample rate value would allow for more noise\nBelow is the pyAudio code to initialize the audio device this is also global\n\n\n    #initalize PyAudio\n    p = pyaudio.PyAudio()\n    stream = p.open(format = FORMAT,\n                    channels = CHANNELS,\n                    rate = RATE,\n                    input = True,\n                    output = True,\n                    frames_per_buffer = chunk)\n\n\nThis next function is the keypress function which writes the data from the mic and sends it using the client function This is where I believe I am having problems. \nI believe how I am handling this is the problem because if I press and hold to get audio it loops and sends on each iteration. I am not sure what to do here. (Ideas!!!)\n\n\n    def keypress(event):\n        #chunklist = []\n        #RECORD_SECONDS = 5\n        if event.keysym == 'Escape':\n            root.destroy()\n        #x = event.char\n        if event.keysym == 'Control_L':   \n            #for i in range(0, 44100 \/ chunk * RECORD_SECONDS):\n            try:\n                #get data from mic\n                data = stream.read(chunk)\n            except IOError as ex:\n                if ex[1] != pyaudio.paInputOverflowed:\n                    raise\n                data = '\\x00' * chunk\n            encdata = speex_enc.encode(data)        #Encode the data.\n            #chunklist.append(encdata)\n            #send audio\n            client(chr(CMD_AUDIO), encrypt_my_audio_message(encdata))\n\n\nThe server code to handle the audio\n\n\n    ### Server function ###\n    def server():\n        PORT = 9001\n        ### Initialize socket \n        server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n        server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)\n        server_socket.bind((socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()), PORT))\n        # socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())\n        server_socket.listen(5)\n        read_list = [server_socket]\n        ### Start receive loop\n        while True:\n            readable, writable, errored = select.select(read_list, [], [])\n            for s in readable:\n                if s is server_socket:\n                    conn, addr = s.accept()\n                    read_list.append(conn)\n                    print \"Connection from \", addr\n                else:\n                    msg = conn.recv(2048)\n                    if msg:                \n                        cmd, msg = ord(msg[0]),msg[1:]\n                        ## get a text message from GUI\n                        if cmd == CMD_MSG:\n                            listb1.insert(END, decrypt_my_message(msg).strip() + \"\\n\")\n                            listb1.yview(END)\n                        ## get an audio message\n                        elif cmd == CMD_AUDIO:\n                            # make sure length is 16 --- HACK ---\n                            if len(msg) % 16 != 0:\n                                msg += '\\x00' * (16 - len(msg) % 16)\n                            #decrypt audio\n                            data = decrypt_my_message(msg)\n                            decdata = speex_dec.decode(data)\n                            #Write the data back out to the speaker\n                            stream.write(decdata, chunk)\n                    else:\n                        s.close()\n                        read_list.remove(s)\n\n\nand for completion the binding of the keyboard in Tkinter\n\n\n    root.bind_all('', keypress)\n\n\nAny ideas are greatly appreciated how I can make that keypress method work as needed or suggest a better way or maybe I am doing something wrong altogether\n*cheers\nPlease note I have tested it without the encryption methods also and same thing :-)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2438,"Q_Id":7720932,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Did you run ping or ttcp to test network performance between the 2 hosts?\nIf you have latency spikes or if some packets are dropped your approach to sending voice stream will suffer badly. TCP will wait for missing packet, report it being lost, wait for retransmit, etc.\nYou should be using UDP over lossy links and audio compression that handles missing packets gracefully. Also in this case you have to timestamp outgoing packets.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,tcp,speex,pyaudio","A_Id":13102430,"CreationDate":"2011-10-11T02:55:00.000","Title":"Python Audio over Network Problems","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to crawl and save some webpages as HTML. Say, crawl into hundreds popular websites and simply save their frontpages and the \"About\" pages.\nI've looked into many questions, but didn't find an answer to this from either web crawling or web scraping questions.\nWhat library or tool should I use to build the solution? Or is there even some existing tools that can handle this?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4419,"Q_Id":7722876,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you are going to builld a crawler you need to  (Java specific):\n\nLearn how to use the java.net.URL and java.net.URLConnection classes or use the  HttpClient library\nUnderstand http request\/response headers\nUnderstand redirects (both HTTP, HTML and Javascript)\nUnderstand content encodings (charsets)\nUse a good library for parsing badly formed HTML (e.g. cyberNecko, Jericho, JSoup)\nMake concurrent HTTP requests to different hosts, but ensure you issue no more than one to the same host every ~5 seconds\nPersist pages you have fetched, so you don't need to refetch them every day if they \ndon't change that often (HBase can be useful).\nA way of extracting links from the current page  to crawl next\nObey robots.txt\n\nA bunch of other stuff too.\nIt's not that difficult, but there are lots of fiddly edge cases (e.g. redirects, detecting encoding (checkout Tika)).\nFor more basic requirements you could use wget. \nHeretrix is another option, but yet another framework to learn.\nIdentifying About us pages can be done using various heuristics:\n\ninbound link text\npage title\ncontent on page\nURL\n\nif you wanted to be more quantitative about it you could use machine learning and a classifier (maybe Bayesian).\nSaving the front page is obviously easier but front page redirects (sometimes to different domains, and often implemented in the HTML  meta redirect tag or even JS) are very common so you need to handle this.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,python,web-crawler,web-scraping,web-mining","A_Id":7723049,"CreationDate":"2011-10-11T07:48:00.000","Title":"Web mining or scraping or crawling? What tool\/library should I use?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Im using my GAE application on my phone. I face a problem in getting the disconnect notification to \/_ah\/channel\/disconnected in channels api even if i manually close the socket by socket.close() function. the post occurs after a delay of say one minute. Does anyone know the way to speed things up?  In my case socket.close() doesnt produce the channel disconnect notification(only in phone though.. it works perfectly from a laptop)!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1617,"Q_Id":7736105,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The amount of time it takes the Channel API front-end servers to \"realize\" that a channel is disconnected is contingent on browser implementation.\nOn well-behaved browsers, we catch the beforeunload event and post a message to our front-end that says, \"this client is going away.\" On other browsers, we may not get the event (or we may not be able to listen to it for various implementation reasons, like the browser sends it too often (FFFUUUU IE)) or once we get the event the XHR we send may get swallowed. In those cases, the frontend server realizes the client is gone because it fails to receive a heartbeat -- this is what's happening on your phone. (out of curiousity, what phone?)\nYour case is interesting because you're explicitly calling onclose. The only thing this does is dispose the iframe that has the Channel FE code -- in other words, onclose just behaves as if the whole browser window was closed; it doesn't take advantage of the fact that the browser is still in a good state and could wait to close until a message is sent.\nSo I recommend two things: add a custom handler to your code (that does the same thing as your \/_ah\/disconnect handler) so you can just make an XHR when you know you're manually closing the channel. This is kludgy but functional. The bummer about this is you'll need to explicitly know your client id in your javascript code.\nSecond, add an issue to our issue tracker (http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/googleappengine\/issues\/list) to request better disconnect notification when onclose is called explicitly.\nHope that helps; sorry there's not an easy answer right now.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"javascript,python,google-app-engine,channel-api","A_Id":7741709,"CreationDate":"2011-10-12T06:29:00.000","Title":"Channel disconnect notification in channel api in google app engine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"We have devices that run a proprietary FTP client on them. They retrieve media files (AVI videos and Images) as well as XML files from our web service utilizing a python based FTP server. The problem I'm having is that the FTP client wants to download the media files in ASCII mode instead of binary mode. I'd like to continue to use our python FTP server (pyftpdlib) but I can't figure out a way to force the client to use binary mode.\nI've skimmed through the FTP RFC looking for a command\/response sequence that would allow our FTP server to tell the FTP client to use binary instead of ASCII. Does such a command\/response sequence exist?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1814,"Q_Id":7742965,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can override the default behaviour or you ftp server by using a custom FTPHandler and overriding the FTPHandler.ftp_TYPE(filetype) method and this way force your server to serve file in binary mode self._current_type = \"i\".","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,ftp","A_Id":7743098,"CreationDate":"2011-10-12T15:58:00.000","Title":"Can you force an FTP client to use binary from the server side","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to have a \"control panel\" on a website, and when a button is pressed, I want it to run a command on the server (my computer).  The panel is to run different python scripts I wrote (one script for each button), and I want to run the panel on my Mac, my iPod touch, and my wii.  The best way I see for this is a website, since they all have browsers.  Is there a javascript or something to run a command on my computer whenever the button is pressed? \nEDIT: I heard AJAX might work for server-based things like this, but I have no idea how to do that.  Is there like a 'system' block or something I can use?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":198,"Q_Id":7747852,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"On the client side (the browser), you can do it with the simplest approach. Just an html form. javascript would make it nicer for validation and to do ajax calls so the page doesnt have to refresh. But your main focus is handling it on the server. You could receive the form request in the language of your choice. If you are already running python, you could write a super fast cgi python script. Look at the cgi module for python. You would need to put this into the apache server on osx if thats where you will host it. \nUnfortunately, your question about exactly how to write it is beyond the scope of a simple answer. But google for how to write and html form, or look at maybe jquery to build a quick form that can make ajax calls easily. \nThen search for how to use the python cgi module and receive POST requests.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,macos,unix,controls","A_Id":7747962,"CreationDate":"2011-10-12T23:43:00.000","Title":"Running command with browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to have a \"control panel\" on a website, and when a button is pressed, I want it to run a command on the server (my computer).  The panel is to run different python scripts I wrote (one script for each button), and I want to run the panel on my Mac, my iPod touch, and my wii.  The best way I see for this is a website, since they all have browsers.  Is there a javascript or something to run a command on my computer whenever the button is pressed? \nEDIT: I heard AJAX might work for server-based things like this, but I have no idea how to do that.  Is there like a 'system' block or something I can use?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":198,"Q_Id":7747852,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Here are three options:\n\nHave each button submit a form with the name of the script in a hidden field.  The server will receive the form parameters and can then branch off to run the appropriate script.\nHave each button hooked to it's own unique URL and use javascript on the button click to just set window.location to that new URL.  Your server will receive that URL and can decide which script to run based on the URL.  You could even just use a link on the web page with no javascript.\nUse Ajax to issue a unique URL to your server.  This is essentially the same (from the server's point of view) as the previous two options.  The main difference is that the web browser doesn't change what URL it's pointing to.  The ajax call just directs the server to do something and return some data which the host web page can then do whatever it wants with.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,macos,unix,controls","A_Id":7747896,"CreationDate":"2011-10-12T23:43:00.000","Title":"Running command with browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using Python to transfer (via scp) and database a large number of files.  One of the servers I transfer files to has odd ssh config rules to stop too many ssh requests from a single location.  The upshot of this is that my python script, currently looping through files and copying via os.system, hangs after a few files have been transferred.\nIs there a way in which Python could open up an ssh or other connection to the server, so that each file being transferred does not require an instance of ssh login?\nThanks,","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":696,"Q_Id":7757059,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is not really python specific, but it probably depends on what libraries you can use.\nWhat you need is a way to send files through a single connection. \n(This is probably better suited to superuser or severfault.com though.)\n\nCreate tarfile locally, upload it and unpack at target? \n\nMaybe you could even run 'tar xz' remotely and upload the file on stdin over SSH? (As MichaelDillon says in the comment, Python can create the tarfile on the fly...)\n\nIs SFTP an option? \nRsync over SSH?\nTwisted is an async library that can handle many sockets\/connections at once. Is probably overkill for your solution though,\n\nHope it helps.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,ssh,scp","A_Id":7757147,"CreationDate":"2011-10-13T16:07:00.000","Title":"open (and maintain) remote connection with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to run some automated functional tests using python and Twill. The tests verify that my application's OAuth login and connection endpoints work properly. \nLuckily Twitter doesn't mind that Twill\/Mechanize is accessing twitter.com. However, Facebook does not like the fact that I'm using Twill to access facebook.com. I get their 'Incompatible Browser' response. I simply want to access their OAuth dialog page and either allow or deny the application I'm testing. Is there a way to configure Twill\/Mechanize so that Facebook will think its a standard browser?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":946,"Q_Id":7772387,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Try to send user agent header w\/ mechanize.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,facebook,browser,twill","A_Id":7773528,"CreationDate":"2011-10-14T19:06:00.000","Title":"How to configure the python Twill\/Mechanize library to acces Facebook","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How do I write the function for Selenium to wait for a table with just a class identifier in Python? I'm having a devil of a time learning to use Selenium's Python webdriver functions.","AnswerCount":14,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":100199,"Q_Id":7781792,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"I have made good experiences using:\n\ntime.sleep(seconds)\nwebdriver.Firefox.implicitly_wait(seconds)\n\nThe first one is pretty obvious - just wait a few seconds for some stuff.\nFor all my Selenium Scripts the sleep() with a few seconds (range from 1 to 3) works when I run them on my laptop, but on my Server the time to wait has a wider range, so I use implicitly_wait() too. I usually use implicitly_wait(30), which is really enough.\n\nAn implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the WebDriver object instance.","Q_Score":48,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,automation,automated-tests","A_Id":7784387,"CreationDate":"2011-10-16T01:33:00.000","Title":"Selenium waitForElement","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How do I write the function for Selenium to wait for a table with just a class identifier in Python? I'm having a devil of a time learning to use Selenium's Python webdriver functions.","AnswerCount":14,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":100199,"Q_Id":7781792,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If I don't know something about selenium command, I use selenium web idea RC with firefox. You can choose and add command in the combobox and when finish your test case after you can export the test code different language. like java, ruby, phyton, C#, etc..","Q_Score":48,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,automation,automated-tests","A_Id":42267544,"CreationDate":"2011-10-16T01:33:00.000","Title":"Selenium waitForElement","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to write an (GUI) application that listens both to keyboard events (client side generated events) and to a network port (server side generated events). I could use some high level advice on how to do this. Some additional info:\n- I am using the wxPython module for the GUI\n- I could set the socket in non-blocking mode, but this way I have to keep polling the socket by keeping executing the recv() command. I did this earlier and I can recall that this used considerable resources\n- I could use the thread module, but since I am not familiar with it, I try to avoid this, but maybe I can't\nAdvice would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":803,"Q_Id":7784969,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am not a wx expert. Could you use wx's native event driven mechanisms? The keypress would certainly have an event. Wx has a socket class wxSocketClient() that could translate the low level socket events (data ready, closed, etc) into a wx event.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,wxpython","A_Id":7785429,"CreationDate":"2011-10-16T14:40:00.000","Title":"Listening to network event and keyboard input at the same time in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using zmq with python with an scheme REQ-REP in order to transfer data. I'm using right now the method send_json to send the data. But for some weird reason, with some examples it works, with other would not. \nWhen the error occurs, the following error message and exception is shown:\n\nFile \"socket.pyx\", line 723, in zmq.core.socket.Socket.send_json\n  (zmq\/core\/socket.c:6062)   File \"socket.pyx\", line 504, in\n  zmq.core.socket.Socket.send (zmq\/core\/socket.c:4307)   File\n  \"socket.pyx\", line 148, in zmq.core.socket._send_copy\n  (zmq\/core\/socket.c:1752) ZMQError: Operation cannot be accomplished in\n  current state\n\nAt first I was thinking it was related with the length of the data sent, but then I've found that in some examples even with big chunks of data it works.\nAny clues or things I should look for?\nthanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":683,"Q_Id":7789200,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"REQ-REP sockets have a strict send\/receive cycle(or vice versa)\nMostly, this happens when you try to send a request before receiving a response or something similar.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,zeromq","A_Id":10416815,"CreationDate":"2011-10-17T03:52:00.000","Title":"Weird error sending integer list with send_json using sockets with zmq with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can't import WebOb 1.1 with the Python 2.7 runtime, as WebOb imports io, io imports _io, which is blocked by the SDK. Is there a way to whitelist _io? It is obviously not supposed to be blacklisted.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":201,"Q_Id":7801387,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"From context, it sounds like you're trying to run your app on the dev_appserver. The dev_appserver does not yet support the Python 2.7 runtime; for now you'll have to do your development and testing on appspot.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,webob","A_Id":7815687,"CreationDate":"2011-10-18T01:06:00.000","Title":"GAE Python 2.7, no _io module?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I always had the idea that doing a HEAD request instead of a GET request was faster (no matter the size of the resource) and therefore had it advantages in certain solutions.\nHowever, while making a HEAD request in Python (to a 5+ MB dynamic generated resource) I realized that it took the same time as making a GET request (almost 27 seconds instead of the 'less than 2 seconds' I was hoping for).\nUsed some urllib2 solutions to make a HEAD request found here and even used pycurl (setting headers and nobody to True). Both of them took the same time.\nAm I missing something conceptually? is it possible, using Python, to do a 'quick' HEAD request?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2998,"Q_Id":7826349,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"The server is taking the bulk of the time, not your requester or the network. If it's a dynamic resource, it's likely that the server doesn't know all the header information - in particular, Content-Length - until it's built it. So it has to build the whole thing whether you're doing HEAD or GET.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,http,urllib2,head,pycurl","A_Id":7826403,"CreationDate":"2011-10-19T18:39:00.000","Title":"HEAD request vs. GET request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I always had the idea that doing a HEAD request instead of a GET request was faster (no matter the size of the resource) and therefore had it advantages in certain solutions.\nHowever, while making a HEAD request in Python (to a 5+ MB dynamic generated resource) I realized that it took the same time as making a GET request (almost 27 seconds instead of the 'less than 2 seconds' I was hoping for).\nUsed some urllib2 solutions to make a HEAD request found here and even used pycurl (setting headers and nobody to True). Both of them took the same time.\nAm I missing something conceptually? is it possible, using Python, to do a 'quick' HEAD request?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2998,"Q_Id":7826349,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The response time is dominated by the server, not by your request.   The HEAD request returns less data (just the headers) so conceptually it should be faster, but in practice, many static resources are cached so there is almost no measureable difference (just the time for the additional packets to come down the wire).","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,http,urllib2,head,pycurl","A_Id":7826409,"CreationDate":"2011-10-19T18:39:00.000","Title":"HEAD request vs. GET request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I always had the idea that doing a HEAD request instead of a GET request was faster (no matter the size of the resource) and therefore had it advantages in certain solutions.\nHowever, while making a HEAD request in Python (to a 5+ MB dynamic generated resource) I realized that it took the same time as making a GET request (almost 27 seconds instead of the 'less than 2 seconds' I was hoping for).\nUsed some urllib2 solutions to make a HEAD request found here and even used pycurl (setting headers and nobody to True). Both of them took the same time.\nAm I missing something conceptually? is it possible, using Python, to do a 'quick' HEAD request?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2998,"Q_Id":7826349,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Chances are, the bulk of that request time is actually whatever process generates the 5+MB response on the server rather than the time to transfer it to you.\nIn many cases, a web application will still execute the full script when responding to a HEAD request--it just won't send the full body back to the requester.\nIf you have access to the code that is processing that request, you may be able to add a condition in there to make it handle the request differently depending on the the method, which could speed it up dramatically.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,http,urllib2,head,pycurl","A_Id":7826411,"CreationDate":"2011-10-19T18:39:00.000","Title":"HEAD request vs. GET request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Currently, there's a game that has different groups, and you can play for a prize 'gold' every hour. Sometimes there is gold, sometimes there isn't. It is posted on facebook every hour ''gold in group2\" or \"gold in group6'', and other times there isn't a post due to no gold being a prize for that hour. I want to write a small script that will check the site hourly and grab the result (if there is gold or not, and what group) and display it back to me. I was wanting to write it in python as I'm learning it. Would this be the best language to use? And how would I go about doing this? All I can really find is information on extracting links. I don't want to extract links, just the text. Thanks for any and all help. I appreciate it.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":105,"Q_Id":7829768,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I have something similiar to what you have, but you left out what my main question revolves around. I looked at htmlparser and bs, but I am unsure how to do something like if($posttext == gold) echo \"gold in so and so\".. seems like bs deals a lot with tags..i suppose since facebook posts can use a variety of tags, how would i go about doing just a search on the text and to return the 'post' ??","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping","A_Id":7853614,"CreationDate":"2011-10-20T00:21:00.000","Title":"fetch text from a web site and displaying it back","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"We occasionally have to debug glitchy Cisco routers that don't handle the TCP Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) options correctly. This causes our TCP sessions to die when routed through an IPTABLES port redirection rule.\nTo help with the diagnosis, I've been constructing a python-based utility to construct a sequence of packets that can reproduce this error at will, the implementation uses raw sockets to perform this trick. I've got an ICMP ping working nicely but I've run into a snag on the UDP implementation, I can construct, send and receive the packet without problem, the issue that I'm seeing is that Linux doesn't like the UDP packets being sent back from the remote system and always sends an ICMP Destination unreachable packet, even though my python script is able to receive and process the packet without any apparent problems.\nMy question: Is it possible to subsume the Linux UDP stack to bypass these ICMP error messages when working with RAW sockets?.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":7851817,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Are you receiving and processing the packet and only need to suppress the ICMP port-unreachable? If so, maybe just add an entry to the iptables OUTPUT chain to drop it?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,linux,networking","A_Id":7851867,"CreationDate":"2011-10-21T15:37:00.000","Title":"Subsuming the Linux packet processing stack","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've heard that the Google Nexus S has RFID capabilities. I'd like to start learning about RFID and programmatically doing things. Where should I start? Good tutorials or code examples are what I'm after. (or hardware if it's not Android I suppose).\nDoesn't have to be Android, could be python or java libraries as well. Preference for Android. \nI see this as the future, and I want to get in on it :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1251,"Q_Id":7857940,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Buy a Nexus-S, buy some tags.\nThen take a look at the code of the 'Tags' application that comes with android. Play with it, modify it. Write some tags with your own application. \nLearn what Ndef is and how you craft your own messages\/records. Learn how to use the transceive function to do direct communication to the tags. This will open up a world on it's own (aka you can write-protect tags that are not write protectable by Android itself etc).\nAll in all that can be done in two weeks. The Android NFC\/RFID subsystem is easy to use. Most of the the hard stuff is hidden from you.\nAfterwards write your own little application, show it to advertising agencies that do Android apps and get a high payed job. NFC experience is highly sought after at the moment.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,android,python,rfid","A_Id":7858130,"CreationDate":"2011-10-22T07:00:00.000","Title":"RFID + Android --> where do I start?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have been using the XML package successfully for extracting HTML tables but want to extend to PDF's. From previous questions it does not appear that there is a simple R solution but wondered if there had been any recent developments\nFailing that, is there some way in Python (in which I am a complete Novice) to  obtain\nand manipulate pdfs so that I could finish the job off with the R XML package","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4014,"Q_Id":7918718,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"Extracting text from PDFs is hard, and nearly always requires lots of care.\nI'd start with the command line tools such as pdftotext and see what they spit out. The problem is that PDFs can store the text in any order, can use awkward font encodings, and can do things like use ligature characters (the joined up 'ff' and 'ij' that you see in proper typesetting) to throw you. \npdftotext is installable on any Linux system...","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,r,pdf,screen-scraping","A_Id":7918885,"CreationDate":"2011-10-27T15:54:00.000","Title":"PDF scraping using R","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using pycurl to crawl data from the Twitter Streaming API. However, after several hours, the connection just hangs there.\nIs there anyway to detect this and exit the program? I know pycurl has TIMEOUT and CONNECTTIMEOUT, but these two params do not apply.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":478,"Q_Id":7924499,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Do you get an exception or something and could you please add some code? :)\nMaybe you should think about using another module like httplib (if you want to\nuse SSL\/TLS you could create a new socket and overwrite the connect function of httplib with\nyour secure wrapped socket :) )","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,twitter,streaming,pycurl","A_Id":7928557,"CreationDate":"2011-10-28T02:24:00.000","Title":"Python pycurl with Twitter Streaming API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need some help in implementing Multicast Streaming server over IPv6 preferably in Python. I am able to do so with Datagram servers but since I need to send large amounts of data (images and videos) over the connection, I get an error stating , data too large to send. \nCan any one tell me how do I implement a Streaming Socket with multicast that can both send and receive data?\nAlso, if there is a better way to do than Stream Sockets, please tell. \nThank You.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":570,"Q_Id":7937928,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You DO want to use datagrams, as with multicast there are multiple receivers and a stream socket will not work.\nYou need to send your data in small chunks (datagrams) and state in each which part of the stream it is so receivers can detect lost (and reordered) datagrams.\nInstead of inventing a new mechanism for identifying the parts you are most likely better off encapsulating your data in RTP.\nIf you are going to stream video it might be worth looking into gstreamer which can do both sending and receiving RTP and has python bindings.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,streaming,ipv6,multicast","A_Id":7939658,"CreationDate":"2011-10-29T09:04:00.000","Title":"How do I create a multicast stream socket over IPv6 in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a library in Python OR Java that can use webkit or similar rendering engine on the server side (without GUI) and return the DOM object for further processing like selecting the elements etc.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":412,"Q_Id":7939069,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want to process (execute) the javascript on headless server to generate the HTML snapshot, try using a tool like Selenium.\nSelenium will allow you to fully render the HTML webpage on server side and then you can use the generated HTML to make a snapshot.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,webkit,rendering,server-side","A_Id":51939389,"CreationDate":"2011-10-29T13:02:00.000","Title":"Python or Java module to render HTML page on server side and obtain DOM object","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What is the Python 3 equivalent of python -m SimpleHTTPServer?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":725970,"Q_Id":7943751,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Just wanted to add what worked for me:\npython3 -m http.server 8000 (you can use any port number here except the ones which are currently in use)","Q_Score":1528,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,httpserver,simplehttpserver","A_Id":71111456,"CreationDate":"2011-10-30T07:22:00.000","Title":"What is the Python 3 equivalent of \"python -m SimpleHTTPServer\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to use feedparser to retrieve some specific information from feeds, but also retrieve the raw XML of each entry (ie.  elements for RSS and  for Atom), and I can't see how to do that. Obviously I could parse the XML by hand, but that's not very elegant, would require separate support for RSS and Atom, and I imagine it could fall out of sync with feedparser for ill-formed feeds. Is there a better way?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1115,"Q_Id":7945669,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I'm the current developer of feedparser. Currently, one of the ways you can get that information is to monkeypatch feedparser._FeedParserMixin (or edit a local copy of feedparser.py). The methods you'll want to modify are:\n\nfeedparser._FeedParserMixin.unknown_starttag\nfeedparser._FeedParserMixin.unknown_endtag\n\nAt the top of each method you can insert a callback to a routine of your own that will capture the elements and their attributes as they're encountered by feedparser.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,xml,rss,atom-feed,feedparser","A_Id":8021162,"CreationDate":"2011-10-30T15:06:00.000","Title":"Retrieving raw XML for items with feedparser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm parsing some XML using Python's Expat (by calling parser = xml.parsers.expat.ParserCreate() and then setting the relevant callbacks to my methods).\nIt seems that when Expat calls read(nbytes) to return new data, nbytes is always 2,048. I have quite a lot of XML to process, and suspect that these small read()s are making the overall process rather slow. As a point of reference, I'm seeing throughput around 9 MB\/s on an Intel Xeon X5550, 2.67 GHz running Windows 7.\nI've tried setting parser.buffer_text = True and parser.buffer_size = 65536, but Expat is still calling the read() method with an argument of just 2,048.\nIs it possible to increase this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":192,"Q_Id":7953708,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You're talking about the xmlparse.ParseFile method, right?\nUnfortunately, no, that value is hardcoded as BUF_SIZE = 2048 in pyexpat.c.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,performance,expat-parser","A_Id":7960421,"CreationDate":"2011-10-31T12:28:00.000","Title":"Controlling number of bytes read() at a time with Expat","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a Python library to access Ubuntu One's REST API. (Yes, I know one already exists; this is a scratch-my-itch-and-learn-while-doing-it project.)\nThe library will be a relatively thin wrapper around the REST calls. I would like to be able to unit-test my library, without hitting U1 at all. What's the best practise standard for making this possible? \nAt the moment each REST call is an explicit http request. I can't see how to mock that out, but if I create a (mockable) UbuntuOneRESTAPI class hiding those http calls I suspect it will end up including most of the functionality of the wrapper library, which sort of defeats the purpose.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":604,"Q_Id":7955695,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Your cutting point is the HTTP requests.\nWrite a mock library which intercepts the sending of the HTTP requests. Instead of sending them, convert them into a String and analyze them to test sending code.\nFor receiving code, mock the response handler. Save a good response from the REST server in a String and create the HTTP response object from it to test your receiver.\nWrite a few test cases which create these requests against the real thing so you can quickly verify that the requests\/responses are good.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,mocking","A_Id":7956472,"CreationDate":"2011-10-31T15:18:00.000","Title":"How to test python library wrapping an external REST service (without hitting the service)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to calculate shortest path between 2 points using Dijkstra and A Star algorithms (in a directed NetworkX graph). \nAt the moment it works fine and I can see the calculated path but I would like to find a way of restricting certain paths.\nFor example if we have following nodes:\nnodes = [1,2,3,4]\nWith these edges:\nedges = ( (1,2),(2,3),(3,4) )\nIs there a way of blocking\/restricting  1 -> 2 -> 3 but still allow 2 -> 3 & 1 -> 2.\nThis would mean that: \n\ncan travel from 1 to 2\ncan travel from 2 to 3\ncannot travel from 1 to 3 .. directly or indirectly (i.e. restrict 1->2->3 path).\n\nCan this be achieved in NetworkX.. if not is there another graph library in Python that would allow this ?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2143,"Q_Id":7983724,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You could set your node data {color=['blue']} for node 1, node 2 has {color=['red','blue']} and node3 has {color=['red']}.  Then use an networkx.algorithms. astar_path() approach setting the \n\nheuristic is set to a function which returns a might_as_well_be_infinity when it encountered an node without the same color you are searching for\nweight=less_than_infinity.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,routing,path-finding,networkx","A_Id":33684974,"CreationDate":"2011-11-02T16:20:00.000","Title":"How to restrict certain paths in NetworkX graphs?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to make an application which streams live multimedia. At present my application is taking image frames from a webcam (using OpenCV) and sending it to the client. It is also sending audio using pymedia module. The problem is that both the image and audio packets that arrive at the client are out of sync.\nSo I have following questions:\n\nIs there any module in python for live-multimedia streaming?\nCan I make the audio and image frames somehow in sync for the client?\n\nPS. pymedia has not been in development since 2006 and is not working.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":18589,"Q_Id":7993624,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can use gstreamer's python module. I mean gst-python mentioned above. Use rtmp protocol to synchronize client\/server videos. Last time I use gst-python, there was no support for rtmp. At the time, my solution was to limit buffer size. When buffer gets full oldest frames will be dropped.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,video,streaming,live,ipv6","A_Id":7994014,"CreationDate":"2011-11-03T10:51:00.000","Title":"Streaming audio and video with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So i been readying for a awhile now. And it seems like asynchronous socket handling would be a better approach to dealing with what I'm trying to do. \nRight now I'm working on a gaming server. At the moment socket server will do ok with about 3 clients or so. Sending data at the same exact time.  \nBut my problem is, after that things start to get laggy. So if i do a asynchronous server in the same manner to what i'm already doing. Would it make the game data transfer more smoothly? \nThis is in python by the way.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":198,"Q_Id":7995290,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Asynchronous sockets are more effective then synchronous. But if the game is lagging for 4+ clients, then your server\/client system is badly written and it is not the matter of sockets imho.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,asynchronous,udp","A_Id":7995699,"CreationDate":"2011-11-03T13:00:00.000","Title":"Is asynchronous socket handling the way i need to go? In Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is an accepted way to get authentication credentials (login and password) when using webapp?\nI'm pretty sure that they get submitted and\/or interpreted differently than the rest of the information coming through the request and I'm afraid I can't remember where exactly I'm supposed to get them from.\nFYI: The requests are forced to https\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":198,"Q_Id":8039374,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Are you using the built in authentication, or trying to roll your own? If the former, you can't access a user's credentials - just get the information you need from the User object. If the latter, you can handle the credentials any way you wish - you're rolling your own, and App Engine has no magic way to detect that what you're handling is a username or password.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,web-applications,authentication,credentials","A_Id":8060118,"CreationDate":"2011-11-07T16:24:00.000","Title":"Getting login credentials when using webapp","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What is an accepted way to get authentication credentials (login and password) when using webapp?\nI'm pretty sure that they get submitted and\/or interpreted differently than the rest of the information coming through the request and I'm afraid I can't remember where exactly I'm supposed to get them from.\nFYI: The requests are forced to https\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":198,"Q_Id":8039374,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you've got HTTPS enabled, sending them along with the request (usually a POST) is acceptable, and the \"standard\" method of logging in.\nIf you want to get clever, you could hash the password using SHA1 on the client end so that even an sslstrip won't reveal the password in plaintext (though it won't prevent replay attacks).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,web-applications,authentication,credentials","A_Id":8039432,"CreationDate":"2011-11-07T16:24:00.000","Title":"Getting login credentials when using webapp","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I parse a website with python. They use a lot of redirects and they do them by calling javascript functions.\nSo when I just use urllib to parse the site, it doesn't help me, because I can't find the destination url in the returned html code.\nIs there a way to access the DOM and call the correct javascript function from my python code?\nAll I need is the url, where the redirect takes me.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5021,"Q_Id":8053295,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"It doesnt sound like fun to me, but every javascript function is a is also an object, so you can just read the function rather than call it and perhaps the URL is in it.  Otherwise, that function may call another which you would then have to recurse into...  Again, doesnt sound like fun, but might be doable.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":8053358,"CreationDate":"2011-11-08T15:58:00.000","Title":"Getting the final destination of a javascript redirect on a website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to set default headers for boto requests?  Basically I want to include a couple of headers in every API call I make to S3.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":348,"Q_Id":8068422,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Right now, extra headers have to be specified on each request.  The various methods of the bucket and key class all take an optional headers parameter and the contents of that dict gets merged into the request headers.\nBeing able to specify extra headers at the bucket level and then have those merged into all requests automatically  sounds like a great feature.  I'll add that to boto in the near future.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,amazon-web-services,boto","A_Id":8068778,"CreationDate":"2011-11-09T16:47:00.000","Title":"Add \"default\" headers to all boto requests?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does anyone know of a web proxy written in Python that will support SSL connections and will also support PKCS#11 tokens? I am in need of a proxy that will send SSL web requests using a PKCS#11 smartcard.\nI have been looking for projects that are using something like Twisted but have not seen any.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":459,"Q_Id":8073753,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If Twisted has a proxy, then you can use it with M2Crypto+engine_pkcs11. I had the code, I can see if it is still existing somewhere.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,proxy,smartcard,pkcs#11","A_Id":8079122,"CreationDate":"2011-11-10T00:50:00.000","Title":"Python Web Proxy that Supports PKCS#11","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I send credentials using the login method of the python SMTP library, do they go off the wire encrypted or as plaintext?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":232,"Q_Id":8074227,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"They will only be encrypted if you use SMTP with TLS or SSL.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,security,smtp,credentials","A_Id":8074236,"CreationDate":"2011-11-10T02:12:00.000","Title":"sending an email using python SMTP library credentials security","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wanted to know how to maximize a browser window using the Python bindings for Selenium 2-WebDriver.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9312,"Q_Id":8075297,"Users Score":12,"Answer":"You can use browser.maximize_window() for that","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,webdriver,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":18481265,"CreationDate":"2011-11-10T05:17:00.000","Title":"How to maximize a browser window using the Python bindings for Selenium 2-WebDriver?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I write a python telnet client to communicate with a server through telnet. However, many people tell me that it's no secure. How can I convert it to ssh? Should I need to totally rewrite my program?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1247,"Q_Id":8088742,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"While Telnet is insecure, it's essentially just a serial console over a network, which makes it easy to code for. SSH is much, much more complex. There's encryption, authentication, negotiation, etc to do. And it's very easy to get wrong in spectacular fashion.\nThere's nothing wrong with Telnet per se, but if you can change things over the network - and it's not a private network - you're opening yourself up for trouble.\nAssuming this is running on a computer, why not restrict the server to localhost? Then ssh into the computer and telnet to localhost? All the security with minimal hassle.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,security,ssh,telnet","A_Id":8088775,"CreationDate":"2011-11-11T01:44:00.000","Title":"python: convert telnet application to ssh","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a page with a lot of ads being loaded in piece by piece.\nI need to position an element relative to overall page height, which is changing during load, because of ads being added.\nQuestion: Is there a jquery event or similar to detect, when all elements are loaded? I'm currently \"waiting\" with setTimeout, but this is far from nice.\nAn idle event would be nice, which fires once after pageload if no new http requests are made for xyz secs.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6659,"Q_Id":8093297,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Ideally the answer would be $(function(){ }) or window.onload = function(){} that fires after all the DOM contents are loaded. But I guess, the ads on your page starts loading asynchronously after the DOM load. \nSo, assuming you know the number of 'ads' on your page (you said you are loading them piece by piece), my advise would be to increment a counter on each successful 'ad' load. When that counter reaches the total number of ads, you fire a 'all_adv_loaded' function.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"jquery,events,python-idle","A_Id":8093470,"CreationDate":"2011-11-11T11:26:00.000","Title":"jquery - can I detect once all content is loaded?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a program that I wrote in python that collects data. I want to be able to store the data on the internet somewhere and allow for another user to access it from another computer somewhere else, anywhere in the world that has an internet connection. My original idea was to use an e-mail client, such as g-mail, to store the data by sending pickled strings to the address. This would allow for anyone to access the address and simply read the newest e-mail to get the data. It worked perfectly, but the program requires a new e-mail to be sent every 5-30 seconds. So the method fell through because of the limit g-mail has on e-mails, among other reasons, such as I was unable to completely delete old e-mails.\nNow I want to try a different idea, but I do not know very much about network programming with python. I want to setup a webpage with essentially nothing on it. The \"master\" program, the program actually collecting the data, will send a pickled string to the webpage. Then any of the \"remote\" programs will be able to read the string. I will also need the master program to delete old strings as it updates the webpage. It would be preferred to be able to store multiple string, so there is no chance of the master updating while the remote is reading.\nI do not know if this is a feasible task in python, but any and all ideas are welcome. Also, if you have an ideas on how to do this a different way, I am all ears, well eyes in this case.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":403,"Q_Id":8098068,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I would suggest taking a look at setting up a simple site in google app engine. It's free and you can use python to do the site. Than it would just be a matter of creating a simple restful service that you could send a POST to with your pickled data and store it in a database. Than just create a simple web front end onto the database.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":8098102,"CreationDate":"2011-11-11T18:02:00.000","Title":"Sending data through the web to a remote program using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a program that I wrote in python that collects data. I want to be able to store the data on the internet somewhere and allow for another user to access it from another computer somewhere else, anywhere in the world that has an internet connection. My original idea was to use an e-mail client, such as g-mail, to store the data by sending pickled strings to the address. This would allow for anyone to access the address and simply read the newest e-mail to get the data. It worked perfectly, but the program requires a new e-mail to be sent every 5-30 seconds. So the method fell through because of the limit g-mail has on e-mails, among other reasons, such as I was unable to completely delete old e-mails.\nNow I want to try a different idea, but I do not know very much about network programming with python. I want to setup a webpage with essentially nothing on it. The \"master\" program, the program actually collecting the data, will send a pickled string to the webpage. Then any of the \"remote\" programs will be able to read the string. I will also need the master program to delete old strings as it updates the webpage. It would be preferred to be able to store multiple string, so there is no chance of the master updating while the remote is reading.\nI do not know if this is a feasible task in python, but any and all ideas are welcome. Also, if you have an ideas on how to do this a different way, I am all ears, well eyes in this case.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":403,"Q_Id":8098068,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Adding this as an answer so that OP will be more likely to see it...\nMake sure you consider security! If you just blindly accept pickled data, it can open you up to arbitrary code execution.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":8098342,"CreationDate":"2011-11-11T18:02:00.000","Title":"Sending data through the web to a remote program using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a program that I wrote in python that collects data. I want to be able to store the data on the internet somewhere and allow for another user to access it from another computer somewhere else, anywhere in the world that has an internet connection. My original idea was to use an e-mail client, such as g-mail, to store the data by sending pickled strings to the address. This would allow for anyone to access the address and simply read the newest e-mail to get the data. It worked perfectly, but the program requires a new e-mail to be sent every 5-30 seconds. So the method fell through because of the limit g-mail has on e-mails, among other reasons, such as I was unable to completely delete old e-mails.\nNow I want to try a different idea, but I do not know very much about network programming with python. I want to setup a webpage with essentially nothing on it. The \"master\" program, the program actually collecting the data, will send a pickled string to the webpage. Then any of the \"remote\" programs will be able to read the string. I will also need the master program to delete old strings as it updates the webpage. It would be preferred to be able to store multiple string, so there is no chance of the master updating while the remote is reading.\nI do not know if this is a feasible task in python, but any and all ideas are welcome. Also, if you have an ideas on how to do this a different way, I am all ears, well eyes in this case.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":403,"Q_Id":8098068,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I suggest you to use a good middle-ware like: Zero-C ICE, Pyro4, Twisted.\nPyro4 using pickle to serialize data.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":8099975,"CreationDate":"2011-11-11T18:02:00.000","Title":"Sending data through the web to a remote program using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a program that I wrote in python that collects data. I want to be able to store the data on the internet somewhere and allow for another user to access it from another computer somewhere else, anywhere in the world that has an internet connection. My original idea was to use an e-mail client, such as g-mail, to store the data by sending pickled strings to the address. This would allow for anyone to access the address and simply read the newest e-mail to get the data. It worked perfectly, but the program requires a new e-mail to be sent every 5-30 seconds. So the method fell through because of the limit g-mail has on e-mails, among other reasons, such as I was unable to completely delete old e-mails.\nNow I want to try a different idea, but I do not know very much about network programming with python. I want to setup a webpage with essentially nothing on it. The \"master\" program, the program actually collecting the data, will send a pickled string to the webpage. Then any of the \"remote\" programs will be able to read the string. I will also need the master program to delete old strings as it updates the webpage. It would be preferred to be able to store multiple string, so there is no chance of the master updating while the remote is reading.\nI do not know if this is a feasible task in python, but any and all ideas are welcome. Also, if you have an ideas on how to do this a different way, I am all ears, well eyes in this case.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":403,"Q_Id":8098068,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Another option in addition to what Casey already provided:\nSet up a remote MySQL database somewhere that has user access levels allowing remote connections.  Your Python program could then simply access the database and INSERT the data you're trying to store centrally (e.g. through MySQLDb package or pyodbc package).  Your users could then either read the data through a client that supports MySQL or you could write a simple front-end in Python or PHP that displays the data from the database.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":8098220,"CreationDate":"2011-11-11T18:02:00.000","Title":"Sending data through the web to a remote program using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm scraping pdf files from a site using Scrapy, a Python web-scraping framework.\nThe site requires to follow the same session in order to allow you to download the pdf. \nIt works great with Scrapy's because it's all automated but when I run the script after a couple of seconds it starts to give me fake pdf files like when I try to access directly the pdf, without my session.\nWhy is that so & any idea how to overcome this problem!?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1740,"Q_Id":8108477,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think the site tracks your session. If it's a PHP site, pass PHPSESSID cookie to the request which downloads the PDF file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,session,cookies,scrapy","A_Id":8113814,"CreationDate":"2011-11-12T23:54:00.000","Title":"Downloading PDF files with Scrapy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Here is my setup: I have a Python webserver (written myself) that listens on port 80 and also have the Transmission-daemon (bittorrent client) that provides a webUI on port 9101. (running on Linux)\nI can access both webservers locally without problems, but now would like to access them externally also. My issue is that I would prefer not to have to open extra ports on my firewall to access the Transmission webUI. Is it possible to within the python webserver to redirect some traffic to the appropriate port.\nSo for example:\nhttp: \/\/mywebserver\/index.html -> served by the Python webserver\nhttp: \/\/mywebserver\/transmission.html -> redirected to transmission (which is currently http: \/\/localhost:9101)\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":388,"Q_Id":8149701,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I found my answer: a reverse proxy. It will take care of the routing to the correct port based on the URL. I now just have to select the right one there are so many (NginX, pound, lighttd etc...)\nThanks anyway.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,redirect,webserver,transmission","A_Id":8166815,"CreationDate":"2011-11-16T09:57:00.000","Title":"Redirecting traffic to other webserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I am writing link fetchers to find new links on particular sites for a given group of 'starting links'.\nCurrently I am using Python\/Beautiful Soup to accomplish this with decent success.\nI have an input file [for each site] that I build the 'starting links' list from.\nI use urllib2 to load the webpages and then beautiful soup to find the group of links I need to fetch and append them to a list. Some sites have the links split between a lot of different pages so I have to load them all to collect the links.\nAfter it collects all the specified type of links from each 'starting link', I then have it compare this list with a 'previously collected' list that I load from file. I then return the difference to another list which is the 'new links' list as well as add these to the 'previously collected' link list.\nMy problem is performance. I am recollecting all of these previously seen links each time I rerun the program which means I am reloading a bunch of pages that I am not going to get any new links from. \nGenerally the sites add new links on top of the others, so I am thinking my next move might be to compare the 'currently availiable' link with the 'previously collected' list and if there is not a  match, then collect the link until a match occurs, where it would then drop out for this given 'starting link' and move on to the next, potentially saving a lot of page loads for sites the break up their links.\nDoes this make sense to help speed up the fetching of new links which I will schedule to run every few days? \nThe 'previously collected' list could have a couple hundred thousand links in it, so I was not sure how this would effect things to run this comparison over and over vs keeping the program dumb and always recollecting all availiable links.\nDo you have a better solution all together?  Any input is much appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":130,"Q_Id":8156736,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should consider using hashes for comparing the previously collected list.  Instead of storing a list of links as strings, store a list of MD5 or SHA1 hashes for those links.  Comparing a hash to a list of hashes is much faster than comparing a string to a list of strings.  \nOr if you maintain and persist an actual hash table of encountered links, then you wouldn't have to do any searching and comparing through a list, but would have constant time lookup to know if you've seen a link.  A full hash table will cost a lot of memory if your list is big though.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":8156982,"CreationDate":"2011-11-16T18:28:00.000","Title":"Python Link Fetcher Performance Issue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a binary file which was created by a VBA file (I don't work with VBA or binary at all) but I need to get Python to read this binary file (which includes a list of inputs for a calculation) and then write these values into an xml file.\nIf I know the order of the inputs into the file that is created, is it possible to read the binary code line by line, to get input by input and then write into the xml?\nI have to use Python rather than VBA since I am not authorised to change the original VBA files.\nI apologise for the lack of information, I only know a bit of Python and have never worked with VBA or binary. I really appreciate any help anyone can give me! Thank you =)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1333,"Q_Id":8168482,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Python is probably not the best tool, I would recommend VBA as it is going to be best suited to reading that file.  Then, create your xml file as output.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,binary","A_Id":8168534,"CreationDate":"2011-11-17T14:10:00.000","Title":"Python file to read in binary and write in xml","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a binary file which was created by a VBA file (I don't work with VBA or binary at all) but I need to get Python to read this binary file (which includes a list of inputs for a calculation) and then write these values into an xml file.\nIf I know the order of the inputs into the file that is created, is it possible to read the binary code line by line, to get input by input and then write into the xml?\nI have to use Python rather than VBA since I am not authorised to change the original VBA files.\nI apologise for the lack of information, I only know a bit of Python and have never worked with VBA or binary. I really appreciate any help anyone can give me! Thank you =)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1333,"Q_Id":8168482,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you have the VBA code that made the file you should be able to copy the data structure in python and then deserialize it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,binary","A_Id":8168665,"CreationDate":"2011-11-17T14:10:00.000","Title":"Python file to read in binary and write in xml","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I plan to run a webserver with some content generated through a Python script. I have a script that generates the data I would want to present at the moment that polls every 2 minutes with a fairly large request. How can I put this data onto a webpage without making voluminous numbers of requests? I can think of a few stupid methods including writing all of my data to text files to be read by some JavaScript, but I'm looking for a better solution. Thank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":199,"Q_Id":8175406,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I wouldn't write off the javascript polling idea.\nConsider generating the file and pushing to a CDN.  Make sure to let the CDN know you need a specific TTL that meets with the schedule you're generating with as their default TTL will probably be longer than 2 min.  The CDN should be awesome at serving static content and dealing with a ton of requests.  It should scale well.\nI was just at a conference last week where the guys from Push.IO recommend this strategy for clients to appear to receive live sporting updates during a game.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,cgi","A_Id":8175486,"CreationDate":"2011-11-17T22:39:00.000","Title":"Dynamic Content with a Polling Interval","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I wrap a boto.storage_uri() call in python so I can handle possible exceptions?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14487,"Q_Id":8176002,"Users Score":30,"Answer":"Your question about Boto is a good one, not not easy to answer. The Boto exception hierarchy is poorly designed, and ultimately the only way to determine what the exception you want to trap is requires looking at the boto source code.\nFor example if you look at (on Ubuntu) \/usr\/share\/pyshared\/boto\/exception.py you will see that there are two broad classes:\n   boto.exception.BotoClientError\n   boto.exception.BotoServerError\nMany of the exceptions are derived from these two, though the concept of \"Client\" and \"Server\" is not very well defined and you probably would want to check for both to be sure as many exceptions can happen unexpected (as usual).  However, exceptions such as boto.exception.NoAuthHandlerFound is derived directly from Exception and therefore you would have to check for it separately.\nUnfortunately from looking at the code, it appears that there is neither consistency nor much care in defining the exception hierarchy in Boto, which is a flaw in Boto's design which unfortunately requires that you rely on more broad exception checking than would normally be recommended.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,boto","A_Id":12064611,"CreationDate":"2011-11-17T23:45:00.000","Title":"How can I handle a boto exception in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using sleekxmpp to connect to Google Talk. I am trying to track when contacts change their status using the changed_status event. The issue I am having is that as I log a status change, the function associated with the changed_status event seems to be called multiple times. Why might this be?\nI am thinking it has something to do with the way that contact is logged into Google Talk, that is they may have it open multiple times from the same computer. So when they close their computer it affects both sessions, and each session triggers a changed_status event.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":471,"Q_Id":8177403,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Check the resource associated with each change.  If the resources are all different for the same user, it is because the user is logged on from several different clients, perhaps from multiple different machines.  You will get presence updates from all of the user's clients if you're subscribed to them.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,xmpp,google-talk","A_Id":8179210,"CreationDate":"2011-11-18T03:29:00.000","Title":"sleekxmpp changed_status event, firing multiple times","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using sleekxmpp to connect to Google Talk. I am trying to track when contacts change their status using the changed_status event. The issue I am having is that as I log a status change, the function associated with the changed_status event seems to be called multiple times. Why might this be?\nI am thinking it has something to do with the way that contact is logged into Google Talk, that is they may have it open multiple times from the same computer. So when they close their computer it affects both sessions, and each session triggers a changed_status event.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":471,"Q_Id":8177403,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"The answer is that you exposed a bug in SleekXMPP that I need to fix :)\nThe changed_status event was firing for any presence stanza received, and not firing only when a resource's status or show value changed. \nThe bug fix is now in the develop branch and it will be in the soon-to-be RC3 release.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,xmpp,google-talk","A_Id":8189697,"CreationDate":"2011-11-18T03:29:00.000","Title":"sleekxmpp changed_status event, firing multiple times","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a situation where XML data is being processed by two different mechanisms. In one place it is being processed using Python's xml.dom.minidom library. In the other, similar processing is being performed in .NET, via an XmlTextWriter.\nIn the output generated by the Python code, empty elements are written <ElementName\/> (with no space before the element close). In the .NET code, a space is being inserted (resulting in <ElementName \/>). This makes no difference whatsoever to the validity or meaning of the XML, but it does cause the output to be detected as different when the two outputs are compared.\nIs there any way to tell the XmlTextWriter not to include the extra space? Failing that, is there any way to include the extra space in the Python-generated output (short of messing with the library source, which wile possible is something I consider undesirable ;-))?\nUpdate: Perhaps I should explain what I'm trying to do instead of just describing the problem. It's possible that I'm making things more complicated \/ painful than I should.\nWhat I really need is some mechanism to determine that the structure represented by the XML has not been modified. I was originally flattening the XML (which eliminated whitespace issues when everything was being done in .NET world), then calculating an appropriately salted hash of the data. Is there a better mechanism I could \/ should be using?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":505,"Q_Id":8187959,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You'll find that the problem only occurs if you set the Indent property in the XmlWriterSettings to true. When Indent == false, there is no space inserted. But if you want indentation, you have to live with that space.\nSo perhaps the solution to your program is to turn off indentation in both tools?\nThis is unfortunate, because it's almost possible to change that behavior.\nThe implementation of XmlWriter actually calls XmlWriterSettings.CreateWriter to create a writer based on the settings you pass. If Indent == true, then it creates an XmlEncodedRawTextWriterIndent, which is an internal class derived from the abstract XmlWriter. It overrides WriteFullEndElement and inserts that space.\nIn theory, you could create your own class derived from XmlEncodedRawTextWriterIndent that overrides WriteFullEndElement. If you could do that, it'd be easy to prevent the indentation. But you can't do that because it's an internal class (internal to System.Xml). Even if you could subclass XmlEncodedRawTextWriterIndent, you'd have the problem that XmlWriterSettings.CreateXmlWriter doesn't have a way to instantiate your class, and XmlWriterSettings is sealed.\nI imagine there are good reasons for effectively preventing creation of custom XmlWriter classes, although they escape me at the moment.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":".net,python,xml","A_Id":8188895,"CreationDate":"2011-11-18T19:24:00.000","Title":"Can I tell an XmlTextWriter to write  instead of ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a situation where XML data is being processed by two different mechanisms. In one place it is being processed using Python's xml.dom.minidom library. In the other, similar processing is being performed in .NET, via an XmlTextWriter.\nIn the output generated by the Python code, empty elements are written <ElementName\/> (with no space before the element close). In the .NET code, a space is being inserted (resulting in <ElementName \/>). This makes no difference whatsoever to the validity or meaning of the XML, but it does cause the output to be detected as different when the two outputs are compared.\nIs there any way to tell the XmlTextWriter not to include the extra space? Failing that, is there any way to include the extra space in the Python-generated output (short of messing with the library source, which wile possible is something I consider undesirable ;-))?\nUpdate: Perhaps I should explain what I'm trying to do instead of just describing the problem. It's possible that I'm making things more complicated \/ painful than I should.\nWhat I really need is some mechanism to determine that the structure represented by the XML has not been modified. I was originally flattening the XML (which eliminated whitespace issues when everything was being done in .NET world), then calculating an appropriately salted hash of the data. Is there a better mechanism I could \/ should be using?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":505,"Q_Id":8187959,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're just looking for file integrity wouldn't a MD5 (or something similar) of the file be sufficient?","Q_Score":4,"Tags":".net,python,xml","A_Id":8188391,"CreationDate":"2011-11-18T19:24:00.000","Title":"Can I tell an XmlTextWriter to write  instead of ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a situation where XML data is being processed by two different mechanisms. In one place it is being processed using Python's xml.dom.minidom library. In the other, similar processing is being performed in .NET, via an XmlTextWriter.\nIn the output generated by the Python code, empty elements are written <ElementName\/> (with no space before the element close). In the .NET code, a space is being inserted (resulting in <ElementName \/>). This makes no difference whatsoever to the validity or meaning of the XML, but it does cause the output to be detected as different when the two outputs are compared.\nIs there any way to tell the XmlTextWriter not to include the extra space? Failing that, is there any way to include the extra space in the Python-generated output (short of messing with the library source, which wile possible is something I consider undesirable ;-))?\nUpdate: Perhaps I should explain what I'm trying to do instead of just describing the problem. It's possible that I'm making things more complicated \/ painful than I should.\nWhat I really need is some mechanism to determine that the structure represented by the XML has not been modified. I was originally flattening the XML (which eliminated whitespace issues when everything was being done in .NET world), then calculating an appropriately salted hash of the data. Is there a better mechanism I could \/ should be using?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":505,"Q_Id":8187959,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would just post-process the output to do search\/replace instead of trying to mess with the library","Q_Score":4,"Tags":".net,python,xml","A_Id":8188032,"CreationDate":"2011-11-18T19:24:00.000","Title":"Can I tell an XmlTextWriter to write  instead of ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I tried a few python ports of flickr api and they didn't work on my Python here which is 3.2. I also have 2.7. Do you guys know any API that is compatible with the latest Flickr API as well latest update of Python?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":888,"Q_Id":8196386,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I could run Python Flickr API (http:\/\/stuvel.eu\/flickrapi) on Python2.7. It's not possible to run it on Python3 (according to its author).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,flickr","A_Id":8753955,"CreationDate":"2011-11-19T18:50:00.000","Title":"How to access Flickr API using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using couchdb to store twitter data. I found that couchdb stops updating its data base though I keep getting the twitter data. I basically store the dictionary that contains twitter data by using the python couchdb save method, db.save(twitter_dic) where db is the database instance. I find that some times I get 3GB of data and couchdb stops storing, sometimes it stops storing even when it reaches 0.6GB. I don't know what is the reason. If some one have come across similar situation please help me out. If this problem cannot be solved I would look forward to use some other key-value data base where python is used as wrapper to store the values (Very similar to CouchDB) where I can do map reduce etc, can some one provide me such a database?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":140,"Q_Id":8207433,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had to re install couchdb and I am marking this question accepted.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,database,couchdb","A_Id":12101359,"CreationDate":"2011-11-21T04:52:00.000","Title":"python couchdb data collection stops","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a online server, and I need all my list and dict saved. What would be the best and quickest way to approach this?  \nI tried importing the data, and it works to load the data. But how can I update the imported file?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":8207512,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think you can use pickle\/cPickle module to save and load the date, which are built-in module and easy to use.\nI am not very sure the meaning of update import file, what about rewrite the content back to the file after updating in the program?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,storage,pickle","A_Id":8207550,"CreationDate":"2011-11-21T05:05:00.000","Title":"Saving to external PY file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using a class RequestHandler(SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler)to handle incoming connections to a server.\nI am trying to get the name of the client which is stored as an attribute that sends data to this server, but right now I can only get it by asking for self.client_address which returns a tuple like Name of client that sent request: ('127.0.0.1', 57547).\nIs there a way to ask for an attribute of the object that initiated the connection?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1312,"Q_Id":8219865,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No. You would have to send that name over the communication channel.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,socketserver","A_Id":8220008,"CreationDate":"2011-11-21T23:11:00.000","Title":"How can I get a client's Name attribute with SocketServer in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am doing a muticlient chat server program in twisted python. Is there any function in twisted python similar to 'select' in in socket programming? Can anybody give me the answer please?.. If yes, please tell me the implementation, please.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":213,"Q_Id":8280373,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, there isn't.\nTwisted calls select (or something like it) for you.\nYou don't ever need to call a function like select; just let the reactor run, and do its work for you.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,twisted","A_Id":8282424,"CreationDate":"2011-11-26T17:53:00.000","Title":"Is there any function in twisted python similar to 'select' in socket programming?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the most efficient way to get all of the external ip address of a machine with multiple nics, using python? I understand that an external server is neeeded (I have one available) but am un able to find a way to find a good way to specify the nic to use for the connection (So I can use a for loop to iterate through the various nics).  Any advice about the best way to go about this?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5595,"Q_Id":8281371,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For the general case, there is no solution.  Consider the case where the local machine is behind a machine with two IP addresses doing NAT.  You can change your local interface to anything you like, but it's unlikely that you'll convince the NAT machine to make a different routing decision on its outgoing connections.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,networking,ip,nic","A_Id":8282345,"CreationDate":"2011-11-26T20:25:00.000","Title":"Python, How to get all external ip addresses with multiple NICs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working with a Python function that sends mails wich include an attachment and a HTML message......I want to add an image on the HTML message using \n<img src=\"XXXX\">\nWhen I try it, the message respects the tag, but does not display the image I want (it displays the not found image \"X\").....\ndoes anyone know if this is a problem with the MIME thing....because i am using the MIMEMultipart('Mixed').....\nor it is a problem with the path of the image (I'm using the same path for the atachment file and there is no problem with it)....\nI dont know what else could it be!!\nthanks a lot!!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":431,"Q_Id":8301501,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You need to write src=\"cid:ContentId\" to refer to an attached image, where ContentId is the ID of the MIME part.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,mime-types,sendmail,mime-message","A_Id":8301559,"CreationDate":"2011-11-28T19:53:00.000","Title":"Image in the HTML email message","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working with a Python function that sends mails wich include an attachment and a HTML message......I want to add an image on the HTML message using \n<img src=\"XXXX\">\nWhen I try it, the message respects the tag, but does not display the image I want (it displays the not found image \"X\").....\ndoes anyone know if this is a problem with the MIME thing....because i am using the MIMEMultipart('Mixed').....\nor it is a problem with the path of the image (I'm using the same path for the atachment file and there is no problem with it)....\nI dont know what else could it be!!\nthanks a lot!!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":431,"Q_Id":8301501,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In your html you need the fully qualified path to the image: http:\/\/yourdomain.com\/images\/image.jpg\nYou should be able to take the URL in the image tag, paste it into the browser's address bar and view it there. If you can't see it, you've got the wrong path.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,mime-types,sendmail,mime-message","A_Id":8301539,"CreationDate":"2011-11-28T19:53:00.000","Title":"Image in the HTML email message","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i'm working on a project thata i need develop one web service ( in java ) that get one simple number from a Corba python implementation... how can i proceed with this??\nim using omniOrb and already done the server.py that genetares one simple number!\nthx a lot","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.6640367703,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":375,"Q_Id":8310262,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You will need a Java CORBA provider - for example IONA or JacORB.  Generate the IDL files for your python service and then use whatever IDL -> stub compiler your Java ORB provides to generate the java client-side bindings.\nFrom there it should be as simple as binding to the corbaloc:\/\/ at which your python server is running and executing the remote calls from your java stubs.\nOf course, CORBA being CORBA, it is likely to require the ritual sacrifice of small mammals and, possibly, lots of candles.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,web-services,corba","A_Id":8310341,"CreationDate":"2011-11-29T11:55:00.000","Title":"Corba python integration with web service java","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Selenium webdriver in Python for a web-scraping project.\nHow to print the HTML text of the selenium.WebElement ?\nI intend to use the BeautifulSoup to parse the HTML to extract the data of interest.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7324,"Q_Id":8316152,"Users Score":12,"Answer":"It's not possible to get the raw HTML from a WebElement.\nYou can get the page source from the browser object though: browser.page_source.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,selenium,beautifulsoup,web-scraping,urllib2","A_Id":8316622,"CreationDate":"2011-11-29T18:54:00.000","Title":"Print HTML text of a selenium webelement in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use the OAuth of a website, which requires the signature method to be 'HMAC-SHA1' only.\nI am wondering how to implement this in Python?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":70277,"Q_Id":8338661,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In Python 3.7 there is an optimized way to do this. HMAC(key, msg, digest).digest() uses an optimized C or inline implementation, which is faster for messages that fit into memory.","Q_Score":57,"Tags":"python,oauth,sha1,hmac","A_Id":62871193,"CreationDate":"2011-12-01T08:55:00.000","Title":"Implementation HMAC-SHA1 in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know how to parse a page using Python. My question is which is the fastest method of all parsing techniques, how fast is it from others?\nThe parsing techniques I know are Xpath, DOM, BeautifulSoup, and using the find method of Python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4678,"Q_Id":8342335,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"lxml was written on C. And if you use x86 it is best chose.\nIf we speak about techniques there is no big difference between Xpath and DOM - it's very quickly methods. But if you will use find or findAll in BeautifulSoup it will be slow than other. BeautifulSoup was written on Python. This lib needs a lot of memory for parse any data and, of course, it use standard search methods from python libs.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,dom,xpath,html-parsing,lxml","A_Id":8342483,"CreationDate":"2011-12-01T13:45:00.000","Title":"Xpath vs DOM vs BeautifulSoup vs lxml vs other Which is the fastest approach to parse a webpage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote an API which which does some database operations with values requested by the API caller. How does this whole API system work when more than on person calls a function at the same time?\n\nDo different instances of my API code start when a number of API calls are made?\nIf I need to handle like 2500 parallel API calls, what exact precaution (like paying attention to database load) do I need to take?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":177,"Q_Id":8344728,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Do you plan to call your python API from some other python code? If so then how is the parallelism achieved? Do you plan to spawn many threads, use your api in every thread? \nAnyway it's worthwhile to take a look at multiprocessing module that allows one to create separate python processes. There are lots of threading modules that allow to parallelize code execution within the same process. But keep in mind that the latter case is a subject for Global Interpreter Lock - google for more info.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,parallel-processing","A_Id":8345037,"CreationDate":"2011-12-01T16:26:00.000","Title":"How to handle parallel calls to a Python API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"After running for a number of hours on Linux, my Python 2.6 program that uses urllib2, httplib and threads, starts raising this error for every request:\n<class 'urllib2.URLError'> URLError(gaierror(-3, 'Temporary failure in name resolution'),)\nIf I restart the program it starts working again. My guess is some kind of resource exhaustion but I don't know how to check for it. How do I diagnose and fix the problem?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":18882,"Q_Id":8356517,"Users Score":18,"Answer":"This was caused by a library's failure to close connections, leading to a large number of connections stuck in a CLOSE_WAIT state. Eventually this causes the 'Temporary failure in name resolution' error due to resource exhaustion.","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"python,urllib2,httplib","A_Id":8376268,"CreationDate":"2011-12-02T12:45:00.000","Title":"Permanent 'Temporary failure in name resolution' after running for a number of hours","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have a glossary with up to 2000 terms (where each glossary term may\nconsist of one, two or three words (either separated with whitespaces\nor a dash).\nNow we are looking for a solution for highlighting all terms inside a\n(longer) HTML document (up to 100 KB of HTML markup) in order to\ngenerate a static HTML page with the highlighted terms. \nThe constraints for a working solution are: large number of glossary terms \nand long HTML documents...what would be the blueprint for an efficient solution \n(within Python).\nRight now I am thinking about parsing the HTML document using lxml, iterating over all text nodes and then matching the contents within each text node against all glossary terms.\nClient-side (browser) highlighting on the fly is not an option since IE will complain about long running scripts with a script timeout...so unusable for production use.\nAny better idea?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":689,"Q_Id":8366909,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"How about going through each term in the glossary and then, for each term, using regex to find all occurrences in the HTML? You could replace each of those occurrences with the term wrapped in a span with a class \"highlighted\" that will be styled to have a background color.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,highlighting,glossary,glossaries","A_Id":8366996,"CreationDate":"2011-12-03T09:59:00.000","Title":"Highlighting glossary terms inside a HTML document","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have made a simple command-line URL downloader in Python. When the user supplies a URL it reads the file from web and saves it in a string, then saves the string in a file on the computer.\nI want to add a progress bar. How should I go about it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":428,"Q_Id":8397667,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Figure out the total size of the file you're downloading. This is often present in the HTTP header Content-Length (which is in bytes).\nKeep count of the total data downloaded so far.\nThe amount of the progress bar that should be filled at any moment is given by the formula: (downloaded so far) \/ (total size) which is a number between 0 and 1, inclusive.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,command-line,download,progress-bar","A_Id":8397748,"CreationDate":"2011-12-06T09:26:00.000","Title":"How to add a progress bar in a Python command-line URL downloader?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using urllib to open one site and get some information on it.\nIs there a way to \"open\" this site only to the part I need and discard the rest (discard I mean don't open\/load the rest)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":8409372,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should be able to read(bytes) instead of read(), this will read a number of bytes instead of all of it. Then append to already downloaded bytes, and see if it contains what you're looking for. Then you should be able to stop download with .close().","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,urllib","A_Id":8409568,"CreationDate":"2011-12-07T01:37:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to use urllib to open one site until a specified object in it?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to run a selenium tests using python against a server farm that has about 50 web servers. What I have been doing is changing my host file (@ \/etc\/hosts) to switch to the desired server and run my selenium tests. This manual process can be tedious. Is there a better way to test these individual servers faster? \nI've looked at using selenium grid to run these in parallel. But can't find any real life examples using python. The selenium grid demo is vague and the example are mostly in ruby. I don't really care if I do this in sequence (test server a, then test server b) or in parallel. Although parallel would be nice.\nI've also looked and nose not sure if this is the right approach either. Of course I could dig deeper. \nI've also looked at Sauce, from what I understand this is a paid service and don't want to go down that road.\nAny advice or direction would greatly help me.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":618,"Q_Id":8411129,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"use selenium2(webdriver) python binding ,does it make sense than change the server address in for loop ?\nthen it run in sequence way.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,testing,selenium,grid","A_Id":8411384,"CreationDate":"2011-12-07T06:11:00.000","Title":"Running Selenium Tests Against Server Farm using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to upload file attachment with selenium in Python script?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.057080742,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7807,"Q_Id":8428102,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"it is quite simple, just record it using IDE. Upload command is working","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,file-upload,selenium,attachment","A_Id":24584170,"CreationDate":"2011-12-08T08:23:00.000","Title":"Upload file with Selenium in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using python to develop a web app.\nI defined both \"get\" and \"post\" method in the same request handler to serve different purpose. That is, I use \"get\" method to present a form to user, and \"post\" method to handle the submitted form.\nIt works fine, but is this approach appropriate? Or should I better define get and post separately in different request handler? Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":546,"Q_Id":8473712,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Your approach is appropriate. According to the newest documentation you can even define post and get as functions outside request handler and just as other functions in your module and that's a way I would choose since it eliminates problems that can happen when instanciating request handlers.\nIf starting a new app from scratch I probably would try to put my get and post function outside of request handler with the new python 2.7 runtime that according to docs supports that.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,webapp2","A_Id":8474190,"CreationDate":"2011-12-12T11:38:00.000","Title":"Defining both post and get method under same request handler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Using ecs.py, I used to be able to get the reviews of a customer with a query like ecs.CustomerContentLookup(customerId, ResponseGroup='CustomerReviews').\nThis is now deprecated. Is there an alternative?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":179,"Q_Id":8483263,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Have you looked at using web page scraping to fetch\/get the customer reviews \/ ratings?\nIf you know the customer id you should be able to extract all the information you need directly from the Amazon web pages.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services","A_Id":8494166,"CreationDate":"2011-12-13T01:24:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to lookup all reviews of a customer in Amazon's new Product Advertising API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can i pool a connection to XMPP server in django so that it is available across multiple requests. I don't want to connect and authenticate on every request which makes it a bit slow. Is this possible?\nEDIT: \nI am using xmpppy python xmpp library","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":415,"Q_Id":8500455,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"As xmpppy has its own main loop I suggest to use it in a separate thread or even start separately. Actually you do have two separate applications: website and xmpp-client and it is normal to run them separately.\nIn this case you may use different ways to communicate between your applications: pipes between threads and\/or processes, tcp or unix socket, file queue, different amqp silutions, any persistent storage, even d-bus, etc. But that is a subject for another question I think.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,xmpp,connection-pooling","A_Id":8504436,"CreationDate":"2011-12-14T06:44:00.000","Title":"Django XMPP Connection pooling","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using scrapy to crawl a site which seems to be appending random values to the query string at the end of each URL. This is turning the crawl into a sort of an infinite loop.\nHow do i make scrapy to neglect the query string part of the URL's?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13148,"Q_Id":8567171,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"There is a function url_query_cleaner in w3lib.url module (used by scrapy itself) to clean urls keeping only a list of allowed arguments.","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,url,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":8620843,"CreationDate":"2011-12-19T20:31:00.000","Title":"How do I remove a query from a url?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I get paramiko to do the equivalent of setting \"TCPKeepAlive yes\" in ~\/.ssh\/config?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":383,"Q_Id":8588506,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Got it: Transport.set_keepalive.  Use in conjunction with the timeout argument to SSHClient.connect to set the socket timeout.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ssh,paramiko","A_Id":8588973,"CreationDate":"2011-12-21T10:39:00.000","Title":"Can I enable TCPKeepAlive with paramiko?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to Python programming and have covered sockets a bit. I couldn't find any simple implementation on the web. Its basic functionality should cover:\n\nsimple chat\nfile sharing\npeer lookup\n\nHow do I start, and what should be the p2p model? I don't want to use any library such as Twisted, as it is complex.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2394,"Q_Id":8600796,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could write the library yourself, if you're willing to work with sockets directly. Have each node contain a list of peers that is regularly updated, and set each node to advertise its presence to a central server. You'd need to look into network traversal algorithms, hash tables, etc but it could be done. As Xavier says, start simple first, and get it working quickly - then add features.\nFor simplification you could implement manual peering to start with; get file sharing and chat working first, and then add peering\/discovery later.\nThere is quite a bit of work here but it may be more achievable if you've written everything - everything is easier to understand! But, the upside of a library is a lot of the work is done for you. It's a trade-off :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,p2p","A_Id":8603939,"CreationDate":"2011-12-22T07:47:00.000","Title":"How to build a Python p2p application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to Python programming and have covered sockets a bit. I couldn't find any simple implementation on the web. Its basic functionality should cover:\n\nsimple chat\nfile sharing\npeer lookup\n\nHow do I start, and what should be the p2p model? I don't want to use any library such as Twisted, as it is complex.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2394,"Q_Id":8600796,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"for the peer lookup I would begin with a simple central server and for simple chat and file sharing I would use a derivate of HTTP protocol.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,p2p","A_Id":8601303,"CreationDate":"2011-12-22T07:47:00.000","Title":"How to build a Python p2p application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Given an id of any facebook group, using FQL I can fetch all the members of that group, if I am a member of that group. I can also see who of my friends is in the same group as me, that is also not a problem. Now, I need to see of all of the group members, who of them is friends, I mean, if there are 2 group members in the same group as me, but they are not my friends, is there any way to see if those 2 are friends?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4952,"Q_Id":8608843,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Without each of those friends giving you access to view who their friends are, it's impossible.  If Facebook allowed this to happen without a friend granting you that access, then I'm going go scream from the hills about a HUGE security hole.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook,facebook-fql","A_Id":8610628,"CreationDate":"2011-12-22T19:33:00.000","Title":"How to see mutual friendships in a facebook group?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I heard one can load a custom Firefox profile when starting webdriver, but I've yet to find a way to do that. The Python binding documentation doesn't state it very clearly.\nI need to start up Firefox without JS because the site I'm testing has a lot of ads injected by Google and some are very slow to load, making the tests slow as well because it waits for all the page objects to finish loading.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1288,"Q_Id":8613440,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use the -firefoxProfileTemplate command line option when starting the Selenium server. But it seems rather counterproductive to disable javascript when testing how browsers behave on your site (unless your site doesn't have any scripts of its own) - you should rather use adblock, or disable the IP used by Google ads in the hosts file of the Selenium server, or set a custom useragent for Selenium tests and don't load ads based on that.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,selenium,automated-tests","A_Id":8613669,"CreationDate":"2011-12-23T07:40:00.000","Title":"How to load Firefox with javascript disable when running Selenium Webdriver (Python) tests?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am scraping a webpage using Selenium webdriver in Python\nThe webpage I am working on, has a form. I am able to fill the form and then I click on the Submit button.\nIt generates an popup window( Javascript Alert). I am not sure, how to click the popup through webdriver.\nAny idea how to do it ?\nThanks","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":38288,"Q_Id":8631500,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"that depends on the javascript function that handles the form submission\nif there's no such function try to submit the form using post","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver,web-scraping,alert","A_Id":8631520,"CreationDate":"2011-12-25T20:50:00.000","Title":"Click the javascript popup through webdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have two computers on a network. I'll call the computer I'm working on computer A and the remote computer B. My goal is to send a command to B, gather some information, transfer this information to computer A and use this in some meaningfull way. My current method follows:\n\nEstablish a connection to B with paramiko.\nUse paramiko to execute a remote command e.g. paramiko.exec_command('python file.py').\nWrite the information to a file with pickle, and use paramiko.ftp to transfer the file to  computer A.\nOpen this file and parse the information back into a usable form, like a class or dictionary. \n\nThis seems very ad-hoc. My question is, is there a better way to transfer data between computers using Python? I know how to transfer files, this is a different question. I want to make an object on B and use it on A.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2292,"Q_Id":8649405,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I have been doing something similar on a larger scale (with 15 clients). I use the pexpect module to do essentially ssh commands on the remote machine (computer B). Another module to look into would be the subprocess module.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rpc","A_Id":8649530,"CreationDate":"2011-12-27T21:20:00.000","Title":"How do I transfer data between two computers ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm going to use ftplib to open up an FTP connection to an FTP server provided by the user.  The client will be sending FTP commands to my django server via Ajax, which will then be forwarded to the FTP server the user provided. However, I'd like to not have to create a new FTP server connection every time the client sends an FTP command. In other words, I want to keep the FTP connection alive between requests by the client.\nHow would I do this? Would some sort of comet implementation be best? I was initially planning to use WebSockets until I discovered my host won't allow it. =\\","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":631,"Q_Id":8663391,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You'll need to use a persistent connection framework as what you're trying to achieve really isn't what HTTP was meant for (in the sense that HTTP commands are stateless and independent), and thus not what Django is built for. There are a number of options, but since it seems you are in a restricted environment you'll need to do some research to determine what's best.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,html,ftp","A_Id":8664646,"CreationDate":"2011-12-29T02:24:00.000","Title":"How to maintain server-initiated FTP connection between client requests in Python\/Django?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm going to use ftplib to open up an FTP connection to an FTP server provided by the user.  The client will be sending FTP commands to my django server via Ajax, which will then be forwarded to the FTP server the user provided. However, I'd like to not have to create a new FTP server connection every time the client sends an FTP command. In other words, I want to keep the FTP connection alive between requests by the client.\nHow would I do this? Would some sort of comet implementation be best? I was initially planning to use WebSockets until I discovered my host won't allow it. =\\","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":631,"Q_Id":8663391,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Switch hosts.  Webfaction allows websockets with dedicated IP at around $20 per month.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,html,ftp","A_Id":8665512,"CreationDate":"2011-12-29T02:24:00.000","Title":"How to maintain server-initiated FTP connection between client requests in Python\/Django?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"We use Python 3.x in our projects. But the official client of Protocol Buffers only supports python 2.x.\nI don't want to downgrade to python 2.x.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14100,"Q_Id":8663468,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"The latest version of Google Protocol Buffers (2.6) added Python 3 support. I suggest using that.\nEDIT: Nevermind. They lied in their release notes.","Q_Score":26,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,protocol-buffers","A_Id":26048683,"CreationDate":"2011-12-29T02:43:00.000","Title":"Is there any way to access Protocol Buffers with python 3.x?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We use Python 3.x in our projects. But the official client of Protocol Buffers only supports python 2.x.\nI don't want to downgrade to python 2.x.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14100,"Q_Id":8663468,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Google's official library has supported Python 3 since version 3.0 (Jul 29, 2016).","Q_Score":26,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,protocol-buffers","A_Id":50994740,"CreationDate":"2011-12-29T02:43:00.000","Title":"Is there any way to access Protocol Buffers with python 3.x?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to upload a picture on a web application with the selenium testing tool? I am using python.\nI tried many things, but nothing worked.","AnswerCount":16,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111886,"Q_Id":8665072,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Using splinter : \nbrowser.attach_file('file_chooser_id',fully_qualified_file_path)","Q_Score":75,"Tags":"python,testing,file-upload,selenium,upload","A_Id":47689624,"CreationDate":"2011-12-29T07:27:00.000","Title":"How to upload file ( picture ) with selenium, python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a problem with links on my website. Please forgive me if this is asked somewhere else, but I have no idea how to search for this.\nA little background on the current situation:\nI've created a python program that randomly generates planets for a sci-fi game. Each created planet is placed in a text file to be viewed at a later time. The program asks the user how many planets he\/she wants to create and makes that many text files. Then, after all the planets are created, the program zips all the files into a file 'worlds.zip'. A link is then provided to the user to download the zip file.\nThe problem:\nThe first time I run this everything works perfectly fine. When run a second time, however, and I click the link to download the zip file it gives me the exact same zip file as I got the first time. When I ftp in and download the zip file directly I get the correct zip file, despite the link still being bad.\nThings I've tried:\nWhen I refresh the page the link is still bad. When I delete all my browser history the link is still bad. I've tried a different browser and that didn't work. I've attempted to delete the file from the web server and that didn't solve the problem. Changing the html file providing the link worked once, but didn't work a second time. \nSimplified Question:\nHow can I get a link on my web page to update to the correct file?\nI've spent all day trying to fix this. I don't mind looking up information or reading articles and links, but I don't know how to search for this, so even if you guys just give me links to other sites I'll be happy (although directly answering my question will always be appreciated :)).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":45,"Q_Id":8674077,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know anything about Python, but in PHP, in some fopen modes, if a file is trying to be made with the same name as an existing file, it will cancel the operation.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,web","A_Id":8674108,"CreationDate":"2011-12-29T22:08:00.000","Title":"Website Links to Downloadable Files Don't Seem to Update","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"As you know, sometimes, you have to click space to get the next page under telnet connections, unix. For instance, you 'more' a text file. You can't get all the content at one time. Using 'space' can get to the next page.\nHere is the problem, what should I do when using telnetlib, python? I have to get all the information. Posting codes here would be better. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":272,"Q_Id":8675138,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Instead of using more(1) or less(1) to view a file, use cat(1). It will not perform any pagination tasks and will write all the content of the file to the terminal, raw.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,unix,telnetlib","A_Id":8675162,"CreationDate":"2011-12-30T00:59:00.000","Title":"telnetlib | read all message when I have to click space if do it mannually","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have one client subscribe to one channel. After  a certain period of time about 10 minutes idle, the client can not receive any message, but the publish command still returns 1. I've tried  redis-py and servicestack.redis  clients. The only difference is seems the idle period can be little longer when use servicestack.redis.\nAny idea?  Thanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1314,"Q_Id":8678349,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had similar issues with an older version of Redis that was fixed by the latest version.\nAs an alternative you could try adding a separate thread that sends a \"PING\" command once in a while to keep the connection up.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c#,python,redis","A_Id":8724716,"CreationDate":"2011-12-30T10:09:00.000","Title":"subscription to redis channel does not keep alive","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I don't know if this has been answered before(i looked online but couldn't find one), but how can i send a file (.exe if possible) over a network to another computer that is connected to the network? I tried sockets but i could only send strings and i've tried to learn ftplib but i don't understand it at all or if ftp is even what i am looking for, so i am at a complete standstill. Any input is appreciated (even more so if someone can explain FTP, is it like socket? All the examples i've seen don't have a server program where the client can connect to.)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24645,"Q_Id":8721870,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"ZeroMQ helps to replace sockets. \nYou can send an entire file in one command.\nA ZMQ 'party' can be written in any major language and for a given ZMQ-powered software, it doesnt matter what the other end it written in.\nFrom their site:\n\nIt gives you sockets that carry whole messages across various\n  transports like in-process, inter-process, TCP, and multicast. You can\n  connect sockets N-to-N with patterns like fanout, pub-sub, task\n  distribution, and request-reply.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,file,sockets","A_Id":8722433,"CreationDate":"2012-01-04T04:03:00.000","Title":"How to transfer a file between two connected computers in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to convert a accented string to a seo-url ...\nFor instance:\n\"Le b\u00e9b\u00e9 (de 4 ans) a \u00e9galement un \u00e9trange \"rire\"\" to :\n\"le-bebe-de-4-ans-a-egalement-un-etrange-rire\"\nAny solution, please ?\nThanks !","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1338,"Q_Id":8723808,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you have Django around, you can use its defaultfilter slugify (or adapt it for your needs).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,string,url,unicode,seo","A_Id":8724105,"CreationDate":"2012-01-04T08:11:00.000","Title":"How to convert string to seo-url?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to send a previously recorded traffic (captured in pcap format) with scapy. Currently I am stuck at striping original Ether layer. The traffic was captured on another host and I basically need to change both IP and Ether layer src and dst. I managed to replace IP layer and recalculate checksums, but Ether layer gives me trouble.\nAnyone has experience resending packets from capture file with applied changes to IP and Ether layer(src and dst)? Also, the capture is rather big couple of Gb, how about scapy performance with such amounts of traffic?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":43692,"Q_Id":8726881,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For correct checksum, I also needed to add del p[UDP].chksum","Q_Score":25,"Tags":"python,pcap,scapy","A_Id":34000828,"CreationDate":"2012-01-04T12:29:00.000","Title":"Sending packets from pcap with changed src\/dst in scapy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm downloading around 200 images from url's using urlretrieve.  They all download correctly except for one.  I have opened the url in my browser and the image loads correctly.  urlretrieve downloads something for that image but it doesn't open.  It gives me an error \"The file xxx.jpg could not be opened.\" and it shows it's 1kb and no dimensions. When I manually save the image is shows as 289 kb and 1280x986.  Does anyone have any ideas what the problem might be?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":664,"Q_Id":8733163,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I know it sounds dumb but, speaking of experience, check that the device on which the script is saving the files is not full (or have permission problems or whatever).\nModify your script to print out the URL instead of downloading the file. See if the URL is well printed and if there's no strange character that may be misinterpreted (including space).\nIf you are still in trouble, please post the script so we can have a look.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,image","A_Id":8735741,"CreationDate":"2012-01-04T19:58:00.000","Title":"Python urlretrieve image","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to open a non-blocking ssh tunnel from a python app on the heroku cedar stack? I've tried to do this via paramiko and also asyncproc with no success.\nOn my development box, the tunnel looks like this:\nssh -L local_port:remote_server:remote_port another_remote_server","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":476,"Q_Id":8735487,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Can you please post the STDERR of ssh -v -L .....? May be you need to disable the tty allocation and run ssh in batch mode.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssh,heroku,paramiko,cedar","A_Id":8735515,"CreationDate":"2012-01-04T23:16:00.000","Title":"open an ssh tunnel from heroku python app on the cedar stack?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have pretty big XML documents, so I don't want to use DOM, but while parsing a document with SAX parser I want to stop at some point (let's say when I reached element with a certain name) and get everything inside that element as a string. \"Everything\" inside is not necessary a text node, it may contain tags, but I don't want them to me parsed, I just want to get them as text.\nI'm writing in Python. Is it possible to solve? Thanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1889,"Q_Id":8744604,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't believe it's possible with the xml.sax. BeautifulSoup has SoupStrainer which does exactly that. If you're open to using the library, it's quite easy to work with.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,sax,saxparser","A_Id":8744989,"CreationDate":"2012-01-05T15:00:00.000","Title":"Can I somehow tell to SAX parser to stop at some element and get its child nodes as a string?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to grab a PNG image which is being dynamically generated with JSP in a web service.\nI have tried visiting the web page it is contained in and grabbing the image src attribute; but the link leads to a .jsp file. Reading the response with urllib2 just shows a lot of gibberish.\nI also need to do this while logged into the web service in question, using mechanize. This seems to exclude the option of grabbing a screenshot with webkit2png or similar. \nThanks for any suggestions.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":214,"Q_Id":8758131,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you use urllib correctly (for example, making sure your User-Agent resembles a browser etc), the \"gibberish\" you get back is the actual file, so you just need to write it out to disk (open the file with \"wb\" for writing in binary mode) and re-read it with some image-manipulation library if you need to play with it. Or you can use urlretrieve to save it directly on the filesystem.\nIf that's a jsp, chances are that it takes parameters, which might be appended by the browser via javascript before the request is done; you should look at the real request your browser makes, before trying to reproduce it. You can do that with the Chrome Developer Tools, Firefox LiveHTTPHeaders, etc etc.\nI do hope you're not trying to break a captcha.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,jsp,png,screen-scraping,mechanize","A_Id":8758625,"CreationDate":"2012-01-06T12:56:00.000","Title":"Grabbing a .jsp generated PNG in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I don't want to crawl simultaneously and get blocked. I would like to send one request per second.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":47919,"Q_Id":8768439,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Delays Can we set in 2 says:-\nWe can specify the delay while running the crawler.\nEg. scrapy crawl sample --set DOWNLOAD_DELAY=3 ( which means 3 seconds delay between two requests)\nOr else we can specify Globaly in the settings.py \nDOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3\nby default scrapy takes 0.25 seconds delay between 2 requests.","Q_Score":51,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":33116540,"CreationDate":"2012-01-07T08:44:00.000","Title":"How to give delay between each requests in scrapy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to create a script that will log into an authenticated page and download a pdf. \nHowever, the pdf that I need to download is not at a URL, but it is generated upon clicking on a specific input button on the page. When I check the HTML source, it only gives me the url of the button graphic and some obscure name of the button input, and action=\".\".\nIn addition, both the url where the button is and the form name is obscured, for example:\n\nurl = \/WebObjects\/MyStore.woa\/wo\/5.2.0.5.7.3\ninput name = 0.0.5.7.1.1.11.19.1.13.13.1.1\n\nHow would I log into the page, 'click' that button, and download the pdf file within a script?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":686,"Q_Id":8772935,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could observe what requests are made when you click the button (using Firebug in Firefox or Developer Tools in Chrome). You may then be able to request the PDF directly.\nIt's difficult to help without seeing the page in question.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,curl,screen-scraping","A_Id":8773176,"CreationDate":"2012-01-07T20:37:00.000","Title":"Advanced screen-scraping using curl","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to create a script that will log into an authenticated page and download a pdf. \nHowever, the pdf that I need to download is not at a URL, but it is generated upon clicking on a specific input button on the page. When I check the HTML source, it only gives me the url of the button graphic and some obscure name of the button input, and action=\".\".\nIn addition, both the url where the button is and the form name is obscured, for example:\n\nurl = \/WebObjects\/MyStore.woa\/wo\/5.2.0.5.7.3\ninput name = 0.0.5.7.1.1.11.19.1.13.13.1.1\n\nHow would I log into the page, 'click' that button, and download the pdf file within a script?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":686,"Q_Id":8772935,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Try mechanize or twill. HttpFox or firebug can help you to build your queries. Remember you can also pickle cookies from browser and use it later with py libs. If the code is generated by javascript it could be possible to 'reverse engineer' it. If nof you can run some javascript interpret or use selenium or windmill to script a real browser.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,curl,screen-scraping","A_Id":8773567,"CreationDate":"2012-01-07T20:37:00.000","Title":"Advanced screen-scraping using curl","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I was flicking through my Facebook Timeline, and started to look at some old posts I made in 2009~2010. And they're a bit stupid and I'd like to remove them or change the privacy settings on them. \nThere are too many to do it individually, so I've been looking at the Graph API. However, I have been unable to find anything about changing the privacy settings of posts, or even searching for posts made in a specific date range. \nSo here is the information that I want:\nIs it possible to change privacy settings for OLD posts via the Graph API?\nIs it possible to search the Graph API for posts in a particular date range? Preferably before 31st December 2010.\nIf it is possible, how do you do it!?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":740,"Q_Id":8779159,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"1) Nope.\n2) Yes, you can use the Graph API and HTTP Get me\/feed?until={date}","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"php,python,facebook,api,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":8781271,"CreationDate":"2012-01-08T16:29:00.000","Title":"Changing privacy of old Facebook posts using the Graph API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using .find_element_by_class_name() to get an element with a given class name. It seems that the returned element is the first with the class name. How can I get the n'th element with that class name?\nAlso, is it possible to get all the DOM elements with a given class name?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2275,"Q_Id":8788299,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There is a find_elements_by_class_name, notice the elements (plural) method which returns an iterator. To find the n'th element simply replace num: find_elements_by_class_name('className')[num]\nThis should return all DOM elements with the same class name.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,webdriver","A_Id":8788422,"CreationDate":"2012-01-09T12:16:00.000","Title":"Get n'th element with given class name with WebDriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to build an application that routes all network traffic (not just HTTP) through my application. Basically, what I want is all the traffic to be given to my application (they should never reach the actual target, my application should handle this), which will in turn be forwarded to a server; same goes for input, just reversed (server -> application -> program which wants an answer). Are there any libraries (or similar stuff) that would make creating the application easier? I'm looking for something that I can use from Python or Java, but if it's really needed, I can learn another language.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2625,"Q_Id":8808104,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you want to route only tcp traffic is actually kind of simple using threads and sockets.\nYou should listen in a different port for every server you want to reach. Either in Java or Python you have to create a \"socket\" for every port you want to listen in.\nFor every new connection you create a new connection to the server and create two new threads to handle that connection, one thread will be reading everything from the client and sending it to the server. The other will be reading everything from the server and sending it to the client. When any end of the connection closes it, you close the other and end both threads.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"java,python,networking,tcp,tunnel","A_Id":8808582,"CreationDate":"2012-01-10T18:01:00.000","Title":"Routing all packets through my program?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi I'm studying Python and I've started my first little project.\nThe first thing that I want to do is to add an item to the right click menu of Firefox. So, when I right-click a link that item will be available and when I click it some Python code will be called in order to \"do something\" with that URL. \nDo I have to create a Firefox extension to do this? Can I specify in that extension the Python code that should be called?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":534,"Q_Id":8811403,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think it is not possible. Normal FF extensions are afaik written in XUL and Javascript and therefore can not call other (non JS-) code.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,firefox,firefox-addon,right-click","A_Id":8811426,"CreationDate":"2012-01-10T22:23:00.000","Title":"Add option to right-click menu in Firefox","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have the some 50 raw HTML page contents which are relevant to my project. I am not sure these contents are having unique pattern.\nI need to parse the contents from all pages and has to be classified based on the keywords.\nKeywords all like that\n'REVIEWS',\"REPORTS\",\"FEEDBACK\",\"DESCRIPTION\",\"COMMENTS\",\"SUCCESS RATES\",\"FAILURE RATES\"\nThe crawled HTML content has to be classified and mapped to the relevant keywords.\nAlso need to be split the contents and it's headers from the page for comparison\nI am using Python.\nWould you please suggest the way to do this? Which will be suitable to choose? How the idea has to be organised?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":8817296,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you need to do classification given the content of pages, I would suggest you to take a look at NLTK (http:\/\/www.nltk.org\/), a natural language toolkit of open source python modules.\nDon't just try to look at occurrences of e.g. \"report\" in the the pages. A report may or may not have \"report\" as a title or in the content. You can use NLTK to find terms related to your keywords (e.g. success rates vs. approval rates), or from the same family (e.g. description vs. described).\nTake a look at the pages' contents and try to define what sets them apart from the others. For instance, a page with comments will probably have expressions such as \"I think that\", \"in my opinion\" and subjective terms, usually adjectives and adverbs, like \"good\", \"quickly\", \"horrible\", etc. A report is unlikely to have such words in it.\nApart from the content, the structure of the page may vary from category to category. If you intend to analyse that, maybe using Beautiful Soup (http:\/\/www.crummy.com\/software\/BeautifulSoup\/) for parsing is a good idea.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,regex,html-parsing,data-mining","A_Id":8854322,"CreationDate":"2012-01-11T09:56:00.000","Title":"Parsing and splitting multiple HTML pages without having a clue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Client browsers are sending the header HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3.  I only serve webpages as utf8 with the correct header but browsers are posting data from forms encoded with the ISO-8859-1 charset.  My question is, will a browser always prefer charsets  in the order of its ACCEPT_CHARSET header so I can reliably write a middleware that will decode any posted data with the first entry, in this case ISO-8859-1, and encode it as utf8.\nUPDATE:\nI updated the form tag with accept-charset=\"utf-8\" and I'm still seeing non-unicode characters appearing.  Is it possible that a user copy\/pasting their password from somewhere else (lastpass, excel file) could be injecting non-unicode characters?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":114,"Q_Id":8841227,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The request header Accept-Charset (which may get mapped to HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET server-side) expresses the client\u2019s preferences, to be used when the server is capable to serving the resource in different encodings. The server may ignore it, and often will.\nIf your page is UTF-8 encoded and declared as such, then any form on your page will send its data as UTF-8 encoded, unless you specify an accept-charset attribute. So if a browser posts data as ISO-8859-1 encoded, then this is a browser bug. However, this would need to be analyzed before drawing conclusions.\nThere\u2019s an ald technique of including some special character, written using a character reference for safety, as the value of a hidden field. The server-side handler can then pick up the value of this field and detect an encoding mismatch, or even to heuristically deduce the actual encoding from the encoded form of the special character.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,character-encoding","A_Id":8841681,"CreationDate":"2012-01-12T19:38:00.000","Title":"Browser charsets order of precedence","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to replace child elements from one tree to another , based on some criteria. I can do this using Comprehension ? But how do we replace element in ElementTree?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6654,"Q_Id":8845456,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can't replace an element from the ElementTree you can only work with Element.\nEven when you call ElementTree.find() it's just a shortcut for getroot().find().\nSo you really need to:\n\nextract the parent element\nuse comprehension (or whatever you like) on that parent element\n\nThe extraction of the parent element can be easy if your target is a root sub-element (just call getroot()) otherwise you'll have to find it.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,elementtree","A_Id":8848549,"CreationDate":"2012-01-13T03:15:00.000","Title":"How can i do replace a child element(s) in ElementTree","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm creating some SVGs in batches and need to convert those to a PDF document for printing. I've been trying to use svglib and its svg2rlg method but I've just discovered that it's absolutely appalling at preserving the vector graphics in my document. It can barely position text correctly.\nMy dynamically-generated SVG is well formed and I've tested svglib on the raw input to make sure it's not a problem I'm introducing.\nSo what are my options past svglib and ReportLab? It either has to be free or very cheap as we're already out of budget on the project this is part of. We can't afford the 1k\/year fee for ReportLab Plus.\nI'm using Python  but at this stage, I'm happy as long as it runs on our Ubuntu server.\nEdit: Tested Prince. Better but it's still ignoring half the document.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8568,"Q_Id":8853553,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"rst2pdf uses reportlab for generating PDFs.  It can use inkscape and pdfrw for reading PDFs.\npdfrw itself has some examples that show reading PDFs and using reportlab to output.\nAddressing the comment by Martin below (I can edit this answer, but do not have the reputation to comment on a comment on it...):\nreportlab knows nothing about SVG files.  Some tools, like svg2rlg, attempt to recreate an SVG image into a PDF by drawing them into the reportlab canvas.  But you can do this a different way with pdfrw -- if you can use another tool to convert the SVG file into a PDF image, then pdfrw can take that converted PDF, and add it as a form XObject into the PDF that you are generating with reportlab.  As far as reportlab is concerned, it is really no different than placing a JPEG image.\nSome tools will do terrible things to your SVG files (rasterizing them, for example).  In my experience, inkscape usually does a pretty good job, and leaves them in a vector format.  You can even do this headless, e.g. \"inkscape my.svg -A my.pdf\".\nThe entire reason I wrote pdfrw in the first place was for this exact use-case -- being able to reuse vector images in new PDFs created by reportlab.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,pdf,svg,reportlab","A_Id":11892537,"CreationDate":"2012-01-13T16:10:00.000","Title":"Convert SVG to PDF (svglib + reportlab not good enough)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm creating some SVGs in batches and need to convert those to a PDF document for printing. I've been trying to use svglib and its svg2rlg method but I've just discovered that it's absolutely appalling at preserving the vector graphics in my document. It can barely position text correctly.\nMy dynamically-generated SVG is well formed and I've tested svglib on the raw input to make sure it's not a problem I'm introducing.\nSo what are my options past svglib and ReportLab? It either has to be free or very cheap as we're already out of budget on the project this is part of. We can't afford the 1k\/year fee for ReportLab Plus.\nI'm using Python  but at this stage, I'm happy as long as it runs on our Ubuntu server.\nEdit: Tested Prince. Better but it's still ignoring half the document.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8568,"Q_Id":8853553,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"When using svglib or cairosvg, the text in the svg cannot be rendered properly.\nMy solution is import the svg file to draw.io and then export it as a pdf.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,pdf,svg,reportlab","A_Id":63741596,"CreationDate":"2012-01-13T16:10:00.000","Title":"Convert SVG to PDF (svglib + reportlab not good enough)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a several webdriver nodes connecting to a single hub with nearly identical configuration. I have a simple test that loads a URL and takes a screen shot. Sometimes a test will fail on one run and pass on the next. The only difference should be which node executes the test. The problem is I don't know which ran the test and checking the logs of each node is time consuming.\nIs there a way to retrieve from the hub which node was asked to run the test?\nI'm using the python bindings, and when I inspect the object returned from webdriver.Remote(\"http:\/\/myhub:4444\/wd\/hub\", browser), I don't see any methods or properties that store this information.\nI also don't see any information about the remote webdriver being passed in the network traffic between the hub and my machine that's directing the hub. Of course, it could be that I'm not sending a query to the hub to request the information. The only information that seems relevant that is being passed is a session id.\nSuggestions?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1809,"Q_Id":8853685,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Can't you just grep the output log of the Selenium hub with the sessionID, you'll then see which node executed the test.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":8864912,"CreationDate":"2012-01-13T16:18:00.000","Title":"How to get diagnostic information from a Selenium hub when a node is failing?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a ping service, that would make a http\/https\/ping\/tcp connection to a website to see if the service is up or not.\nWould python be suitable for this, seeing as I want to build it to be able to ping 1K endpoints per minute.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":284,"Q_Id":8874032,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, Python would be suitable for this.\n(Next time, just try it--it's trivial.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":8874160,"CreationDate":"2012-01-15T22:47:00.000","Title":"Writing a ping service to ping 1K websites per minute","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a ping service, that would make a http\/https\/ping\/tcp connection to a website to see if the service is up or not.\nWould python be suitable for this, seeing as I want to build it to be able to ping 1K endpoints per minute.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":284,"Q_Id":8874032,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Practically all, if not all, modern programming languages are capable of that speed of execution easily. The network itself would be the bottleneck, and depending on how many actual pings you want to do of each service, they could get backed up.\nIf I was doing this, I would use Python with a Java frontend if necessary.\nSo, in short, yes, Python is both capable and (in my opinion) a good choice for such a program.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":8874210,"CreationDate":"2012-01-15T22:47:00.000","Title":"Writing a ping service to ping 1K websites per minute","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a ping service, that would make a http\/https\/ping\/tcp connection to a website to see if the service is up or not.\nWould python be suitable for this, seeing as I want to build it to be able to ping 1K endpoints per minute.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":284,"Q_Id":8874032,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Would python be suitable for this, seeing as I want to build it to be able to ping 1K endpoints per minute.\n\nPython has all you need, but there are two bottlenecks, first is OS and the other is network. While planning for such a program, I would do some research on the limit of the IP stack of your target OS and the relevant limits for the source network.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":8874364,"CreationDate":"2012-01-15T22:47:00.000","Title":"Writing a ping service to ping 1K websites per minute","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a website hosted by 1and1. On the server there is a folder with about 5,300 pictures. I have a python script that does some image processing. I want to run the python script on all of the pictures in the folder.\nThe only way I know to make the server run the script is to put the file on my site and then go to www.mysite.com\/pythonscipt.py\nThis works decently, except I get an Error 500 message after the script has gone through only about 280 pictures (after about 10 seconds). I could just run the script 20 times, removing the processed pictures after each run, but I figured there is a better way to do it (I just don't know what it is).\nQuestion: Is this actually a timeout error? If so, can I make the time until timeout longer?\nOr, is there a better way to run the script (such that timeouts won't even be an issue)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":288,"Q_Id":8875081,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would advise asking the hosting service about it. Generally there will be a way to run scripts on the server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,timeout","A_Id":8875106,"CreationDate":"2012-01-16T02:03:00.000","Title":"Prevent Server side Python Timeout?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using a Chrome Driver, writing in Python, accessing pages that each require a login. After login I would like the program to wait for the entire page to load before taking a screenshot of the page. Can you help with this wait procedure?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1946,"Q_Id":8885544,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"driver.get(url) already waits for the page to load.\nYou could use selenium.webdriver.support.ui.WebDriverWait() to explicitly wait for a condition.\nChromeDriver 18.0.995.0 doesn't support taking a page screenshot on Linux.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,webdriver","A_Id":8886515,"CreationDate":"2012-01-16T19:55:00.000","Title":"Python WebDriver wait for page to load","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How would you go about getting a completely unparsed response to a HTTPS request?\nAre there any HTTP libraries that will allow you to get at the raw response, or is constructing a request manually using sockets the only way?\nI'm specifically trying to see what newline characters the server is sending.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2108,"Q_Id":8919011,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends on what you are going to do with the result. httplib.HTTPSConnection has set_debuglevel method which allows printing the response data to stdout (though each line is prefixed). For debugging purposes that was exactly what I needed. Not sure, it is what you need.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,https,http-headers","A_Id":8919354,"CreationDate":"2012-01-18T23:22:00.000","Title":"Getting a raw, unparsed response to a HTTPS GET request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote some basic Python code to scrape a remote webpage and grab a few pieces of data. On a different page I'm trying to scrape, the data is hidden from view, and only appears after changing the value of a <select> box. \nAfter de-minifying and digging through the remote website's javascript, I confirmed that it is using AJAX (custom implementation of Prototype I think) to switch the <tbody> of the <table> I'm interested in scraping.\nIs there a way to use Python (or Javascript via Python) to trigger the onChange event of that select box so I can \"refresh\" the DOM and grab the new HTML?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2574,"Q_Id":8937190,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Figure out the AJAX request URL and request it directly.  :-)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,python,dom,web-scraping","A_Id":8943959,"CreationDate":"2012-01-20T05:38:00.000","Title":"Trigger Javascript event on remote website with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have not been able to make drag-and-drop work with Selenium 2, so I'm considering using Selenium 1 instead for drag-and-drop.\nBefore I dive into Selenium 1, are there known complications of having tests based on both Selenium 1 and Selenium 2 at the same time?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":111,"Q_Id":8939727,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"My $0.02:\nWill it work?\nMost likely.\nIs it ideal?\nProbably not.  It sounds similar to what used to be called \"dependency hell\"...\nMost of the time, making something work takes a higher priority than making something ideal.\nThat being said, make sure to architect it in such a way that it's as clear as possible to the next guy why you are doing it, where and when it's being used and how it is done.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":8943628,"CreationDate":"2012-01-20T10:09:00.000","Title":"Working with both Selenium 1 and Selenium 2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In python, I am firing Sparql queries to get data from dbpedia.\nAt a point approximately firing 7,000 queries, my script is hangs at    line   results = sparql.query().convert()\nwhich is already executed atleast 5000 times in the loop\nAny idea what could be the issue in it","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":157,"Q_Id":8965123,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"try splitting up the .query() and .convert() into two separate lines. I would guess that .query() is where it's hanging, and I would further guess that you are being rate-limited by DBPedia, but I can't find any information on what their limits might be.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sparql,mysql-python,dbpedia","A_Id":8965215,"CreationDate":"2012-01-22T22:02:00.000","Title":"python script hangs at results = sparql.query().convert()","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If I'm looking for the keyword \"sales\" and I want to get the nearest \"http:\/\/www.somewebsite.com\" even if there is multiple links in the file.  I want the nearest link not the first link.  This means I need to search for the link that comes just before the keyword match.\nThis doesn't work...\n\nregex = (http|https):\/\/[-A-Za-z0-9.\/]+.*(?!((http|https):\/\/[-A-Za-z0-9.\/]+))sales\nsales\n\nWhats the best way to find a link that is closest to a keyword?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":366,"Q_Id":8966244,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't think you can do this one with regex alone (especially looking before the keyword match) as it has no sense of comparing distances. \nI think you're best off doing something like this:\n\nfind all occurences of sales & get substring index, called salesIndex\nfind all occurences of https?:\/\/[-A-Za-z0-9.\/]+ and get the substring index, called urlIndex\nloop through salesIndex. For each location i in salesIndex, find the urlIndex closest.\n\nDepending on how you want to judge \"closest\" you may need to get the start and end indices of the sales and http... occurences to compare. i.e., find the end index of a URL that is closest to the start index of the current occurence of sales, and find the start index of a URL that is closest to the end index of the current occurence of sales, and pick the one that is closer.\nYou can use matches = re.finditer(pattern,string,re.IGNORECASE) to get a list of matches, and then match.span() to get the start\/end substring indices for each match in matches.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,regex,negative-lookahead","A_Id":8966597,"CreationDate":"2012-01-23T01:05:00.000","Title":"Using Regex to Search for HTML links near keywords","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to test an application where a user enters information into a gui, clicks on save button and then has to click \"ok\" in an alert\/prompt popup window for the request to take place to the web service.\nI'm using a python script to automate the requests to the web service.\nMy question is:\nafter submitting the user information how can I interact with the alert\/prompt popup to click the \"ok\" button so that the request completes. How is this being done within a python script.\nI'm grateful for any input","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2520,"Q_Id":8982704,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Javascript is just a client-side thing. It doesn't matter what you select in the alert box. If you press Cancel, it won't happen but if you press OK, it will POST the form data.\nYou don't need to emulate a button press of OK. So, what really matters is to sniff the POST data. For that you can use Firebug (in Firefox) or Developer Tools (in Chrome) to sniff the POST parameters by using the Network tab.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python","A_Id":8982872,"CreationDate":"2012-01-24T06:10:00.000","Title":"Interacting with alert\/prompt popup window with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In order to download files, I'm creating a urlopen object (urllib2 class) and reading it in chunks.\nI would like to connect to the server several times and download the file in six different sessions. Doing that, the download speed should get faster. Many download managers have this feature.\nI thought about specifying the part of file i would like to download in each session, and somehow process all the sessions in the same time. I'm not sure how I can achieve this.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10489,"Q_Id":9007456,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"As we've been talking already I made such one using PycURL.\nThe one, and only one, thing I had to do was pycurl_instance.setopt(pycurl_instance.NOSIGNAL, 1) to prevent crashes.\nI did use APScheduler to fire requests in the separate threads. Thanks to your advices of changing busy waiting while True: pass to while True: time.sleep(3) in the main thread the code behaves quite nice and usage of Runner module from python-daemon package application is almost ready to be used as a typical UN*X daemon.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,http,asynchronous,urllib2,urllib","A_Id":13502466,"CreationDate":"2012-01-25T17:45:00.000","Title":"Parallel fetching of files","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking through the Tweepy API and not quite sure how to find the event to register for when a user either send or receives a new tweet.  I looked into the Streaming API but it seems like that is only sampling the Twitter fire house and not really meant for looking at one indvidual user.  What I am trying to do is have my program update whenever something happens to the user.  Essentially what a user would see if they were in their account on the twitter homepage.  So my question is: What is the method or event I should be looking for in the Tweepy API to make this happen?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":183,"Q_Id":9027884,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I used the .filter function then filtered for the user I was looking for.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,twitter-oauth,tweepy","A_Id":9056152,"CreationDate":"2012-01-27T01:25:00.000","Title":"How to register an event for when a user has a new tweet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking through the Tweepy API and not quite sure how to find the event to register for when a user either send or receives a new tweet.  I looked into the Streaming API but it seems like that is only sampling the Twitter fire house and not really meant for looking at one indvidual user.  What I am trying to do is have my program update whenever something happens to the user.  Essentially what a user would see if they were in their account on the twitter homepage.  So my question is: What is the method or event I should be looking for in the Tweepy API to make this happen?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":183,"Q_Id":9027884,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think there is any event based pub-sub exposed by twitter. You just have to do the long polling.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,twitter-oauth,tweepy","A_Id":9028060,"CreationDate":"2012-01-27T01:25:00.000","Title":"How to register an event for when a user has a new tweet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for an existing library or code samples, to extract the relevant parts from a mime message structure in order to perform analysis on the textual content of those parts.\nI will explain:\nI am writing a library (in Python) that is part of a project that needs to iterate over very large amount of email messages through IMAP. For each message, it needs to determine what are the mime parts it will need in order to analyze the textual content of the message that require the least amount of parsing (e.g. prefer text\/plain over text\/html or rich text) and without duplicates (i.e. if text\/plain exists, ignore the matching text\/html). It also needs to address nested parts (text attachments, forwarded messages, etc) and all this without downloading the entire message body (takes too much time and bandwidth). The end goal is later to retrieve only those parts in order to perform some statistical and pattern analysis on the text content of those messages (excluding any markup, meta data, binary data, etc).\nThe libraries and examples I've seen, require the full message body in order to assemble the message structure and understand the content of the message. I am trying to achieve this using the response from the IMAP FETCH command with the BODYSTRUCTURE data item.\nBODYSTRUCTURE should contain enough information to achieve my goal but although the structure and returned data are officially documented in the relevant RFCs (3501, 2822, 2045), the amount of nesting, combinations and various quirks all add up to make the task very tedious and error prune.\nDoes anyone know any libraries that can help to achieve this or any code samples (preferably in Python but any language will do)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1090,"Q_Id":9045626,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Answering my own question for the sake of completeness and to close this question.\nI couldn't find any existing library that answers the requirements. I ended up writing my own code to fetch BODYSTRUCTURE tree, parse it and store it in an internal structure. This gives me the control I need to decide which exact parts of the message I need to actually download and take into account various cases like attachments, forwards, redundant parts (plain text vs html) etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,imap,mime","A_Id":13953238,"CreationDate":"2012-01-28T13:32:00.000","Title":"MIME message structure parsing and analysis","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm have an issue with running the built in Python server that comes with 3.1, this may or may not be an issue with Python, in fact it probably isn't.\nI start my server in the correct directory with \"python -m http.server 8000\" as the documentation suggests (http:\/\/docs.python.org\/release\/3.1.3\/library\/http.server.html).\nWhen I navigate to that port on my local network with another computer using the url 192.168.2.104:8000 (my local ip and the port) my page loads. When I use my global IP, however, it stops working. Port 8000 is forwarded correctly. I used www.yougetsignal.com to verify that port 8000 was open using my global IP. Why in the world would Chrome be saying \"Oops! Google Chrome could not connect to [REDACTED]:8000\" then? Other server applications (such as my Minecraft server) work just fine. Is there something I'm missing? Furthermore, why would yougetsignal connect to my port but not Chrome?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":297,"Q_Id":9058731,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"With most routers ports are only mapped when someone connects from the outside (internet\/WAN). You're testing it from your LAN so basically you're connecting to your router when you use your public IP. Ask a friend to test, i.e. from an outside connection.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ip,port","A_Id":9058904,"CreationDate":"2012-01-30T02:36:00.000","Title":"Quick issue with Python 3.1 http server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a basic screen scraping script using Mechanize and BeautifulSoup (BS) in Python. However, the problem I am running into is that for some reason the requested page does not download correctly every time. I am concluding this because when searching the downloaded pages using BS for present tags, I get an error. If I download the page again, it works.\nHence, I would like to write a small function that checks to see if the page has correctly downloaded and re-download if necessary (I could also solve it by figuring out what goes wrong, but that is probably too advanced for me). My question is how would I go about checking to see if the page has been downloaded correctly?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":109,"Q_Id":9080634,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The most generic solution is to check that the <\/html> closing tag exists. That will allow you to detect truncation of the page. \nAnything else, and you will have to describe your failure mode more clearly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,mechanize","A_Id":9081637,"CreationDate":"2012-01-31T13:52:00.000","Title":"Ensure a page has downloaded correctly in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing a basic screen scraping script using Mechanize and BeautifulSoup (BS) in Python. However, the problem I am running into is that for some reason the requested page does not download correctly every time. I am concluding this because when searching the downloaded pages using BS for present tags, I get an error. If I download the page again, it works.\nHence, I would like to write a small function that checks to see if the page has correctly downloaded and re-download if necessary (I could also solve it by figuring out what goes wrong, but that is probably too advanced for me). My question is how would I go about checking to see if the page has been downloaded correctly?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":109,"Q_Id":9080634,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you may simple search for html ending tag  if this tag is in - this is a valid page.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,mechanize","A_Id":9081631,"CreationDate":"2012-01-31T13:52:00.000","Title":"Ensure a page has downloaded correctly in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm thinking of constantly pinging a website and use python http to send a POST request to the login server if the network is down. Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":200,"Q_Id":9088191,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could create a web page with some javascript behind it with a timer and every 90 minutes or so have it programmatically log yourself in using javascript DOM methods.\nIf the login is done by using a cookie you could always modify the cookie to never expire.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,networking","A_Id":9088375,"CreationDate":"2012-01-31T22:48:00.000","Title":"My internet connection requires a web based login after 90 minutes. What would be the best way to make sure I'm always online?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I automate running of 3 python scripts. Suppose, I have 3 scripts say a.py,b.py and c.py.\nHere a.py runs a web crawler and saves it as a xml file. Now b.py parses the xml file generated and saves as a pickle file. Now c.py inserts the list from pickle file to database.\nIs there a way to automate this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4739,"Q_Id":9091281,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Write a wrapper python script that imports a, b and c and runs then in sequence (with error checking, notification and accounting). Then schedule this wrapper using the system cron daemon (if on UNIX).","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,automation,cron","A_Id":9091488,"CreationDate":"2012-02-01T05:37:00.000","Title":"how to automate running a python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Whenever there is dilemma to do a particular task, which can be accomplished either by client side code or by using a server code, which should be preferred?\nFor example:\nI can iterate through a javascript object and construct a string and then send it to server, or should i send the javascript object and process it in the server?\nMy views: whenever I come across this situation I use the client side code as it reduces the computation load on server. \nWhat has to be done in such a situation? Which is the right approach?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":215,"Q_Id":9095758,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"String manipulation is pretty fast in the server side but it's fine to do on the client side too. However make sure to validate the string once it arrives at the server side because any client can replicate requests to your server with a string and try to cause trouble.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,ruby","A_Id":9095840,"CreationDate":"2012-02-01T12:24:00.000","Title":"Design issue: client side or server side?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Whenever there is dilemma to do a particular task, which can be accomplished either by client side code or by using a server code, which should be preferred?\nFor example:\nI can iterate through a javascript object and construct a string and then send it to server, or should i send the javascript object and process it in the server?\nMy views: whenever I come across this situation I use the client side code as it reduces the computation load on server. \nWhat has to be done in such a situation? Which is the right approach?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":215,"Q_Id":9095758,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You must take into consideration a lot of factors, including and especially security ones. For example, if you must do some complicated form validation, then it is extremely important to do it server-side, even if that puts a little more load on the server.\nAlways keep in mind that a bad guy can change\/break your javascript and send invalid (or possibly malicious) data to the server.\nWhen it comes to web programming, the single and most important rule of all is:\nNever trust the user. With anything. Period.\nIn your case (with the String), you probably can do it client-side and verify on the server that it's ok.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,ruby","A_Id":9095857,"CreationDate":"2012-02-01T12:24:00.000","Title":"Design issue: client side or server side?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Whenever there is dilemma to do a particular task, which can be accomplished either by client side code or by using a server code, which should be preferred?\nFor example:\nI can iterate through a javascript object and construct a string and then send it to server, or should i send the javascript object and process it in the server?\nMy views: whenever I come across this situation I use the client side code as it reduces the computation load on server. \nWhat has to be done in such a situation? Which is the right approach?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":215,"Q_Id":9095758,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"(This answer assumes a web programming context)\nI personally put a lot of front-end logic in Javascript running on the client side, because it makes things very responsive, even for people with a slow connection. This also means that some functionality continues working even if the user goes offline. I find some programmers use AJAX for things which don't reallly require communication with the server at all.\nWhen using this technique, if possible, I find it helpful to embed all the data which the front-end Javascript may need in the page, so it doesn't have to go back and request more data from the server using an AJAX call. (In general, whenever data is being communicated over a high-latency channel, you want to send it in big chunks so the client doesn't have to keep constantly coming back for more. The same applies to DB queries: you can often increase performance by pulling back all the data you might need with a single query, rather than making numerous fine-grained queries. Even if you don't end up using all of that data, performance will still usually be better.)\nOne caution: unless you are very disciplined to keep things organized, Javascript which updates the UI by dynamically generating HTML in response to user actions can become very hairy. If the Javascript is also dynamically generated using another language (running on the server side), things can get downright frightening.\nTestability is also important in any app. If you are using something like Selenium, testing a combination client\/server web app may not be a problem, but if you aren't, testing server-side code may be easier.\nAs others have noted, you must also make sure that you don't compromise security. Don't expect that people will only invoke your server-side code in the way you provide for. View all the types of requests your server handles as forming an \"API\" which people may invoke with any arguments and in any order.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,ruby","A_Id":9096236,"CreationDate":"2012-02-01T12:24:00.000","Title":"Design issue: client side or server side?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Whenever there is dilemma to do a particular task, which can be accomplished either by client side code or by using a server code, which should be preferred?\nFor example:\nI can iterate through a javascript object and construct a string and then send it to server, or should i send the javascript object and process it in the server?\nMy views: whenever I come across this situation I use the client side code as it reduces the computation load on server. \nWhat has to be done in such a situation? Which is the right approach?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":215,"Q_Id":9095758,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am a django\/python developer and my logic is \"templates should be used for rendering\". I keep my load minimum on the client side and all computation is done on the server side.\nAnother reason for doing this is because a user cannot be trusted. Keep the equation simple for the user.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,ruby","A_Id":9095862,"CreationDate":"2012-02-01T12:24:00.000","Title":"Design issue: client side or server side?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For imported module, is it possible to get the importing module (name)? I'm wondering if inspect can achieve it or not~","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":106,"Q_Id":9106166,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Even if you got it to work, this is probably less useful than you think since subsequent imports only copy the existing reference instead of executing the module again.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":9106241,"CreationDate":"2012-02-02T02:04:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to get \"importing module\" in \"imported module\" in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For imported module, is it possible to get the importing module (name)? I'm wondering if inspect can achieve it or not~","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":106,"Q_Id":9106166,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"It sounds like you solved your own problem: use the inspect module.  I'd traverse up the stack until I found a frame where the current function was not __import__.  But I bet if you told people why you want to do this, they'd tell you not to.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":9106211,"CreationDate":"2012-02-02T02:04:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to get \"importing module\" in \"imported module\" in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I heard SubmitFeed API is for adding products. But i didn't find any example.\nBy the way, i need a Python solution.\nThanks a lot.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2077,"Q_Id":9123764,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The general gist of it is you use SubmitFeed to send your product list. Then you must check the status of the submission. Once the submission is complete you can then get the results. You have to repeat these steps for images, pricing and availability.\nIt's a bit of a pain to get started with it, Amazon supply a LOT of useful information but it is everywhere and not particulary very easy to understand at first. Experiment with just adding products to your inventory and go from there. Make use of the scratchpad too, very handy tool indeed.\nAs for python I can't help you there I'm afraid but I think there is sample code within the python download available from Amazon.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,amazon-mws","A_Id":9312763,"CreationDate":"2012-02-03T04:40:00.000","Title":"How to upload\/publish products to Amazon via Amazon MWS API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to write a python script that constantly checks a remote web service for updates. The faster it loops the better.\nHow do I get a script to run on my server over and over again without me having to manually start it each time? And if the server crashes or something, how does this script automatically start up again?\nthanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3351,"Q_Id":9124657,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you really want to run it as fast as possible, there is an alternative to using cron which is write the python program as an endless loop and then start it as a background process using nohup python script.py &. The output of the python process will then be written in nohup.out.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,process,cron","A_Id":9126061,"CreationDate":"2012-02-03T06:36:00.000","Title":"constantly running a script on my server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to write a python script that constantly checks a remote web service for updates. The faster it loops the better.\nHow do I get a script to run on my server over and over again without me having to manually start it each time? And if the server crashes or something, how does this script automatically start up again?\nthanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3351,"Q_Id":9124657,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Rather than making your script loop many times, just write it to perform this task a single time.  Then run the script multiple times, as often as you wish, as a cronjob.  Edit your cron table to specify timings using the command crontab -e.  You needn't worry about server restarts because cron will be started as a service automatically.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,process,cron","A_Id":9124719,"CreationDate":"2012-02-03T06:36:00.000","Title":"constantly running a script on my server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a bunch of mp3 files that are pretty old and don't have any copy rights. Yet, the place I got them from has filled the copy right tags with its own website url. \nI was wondering if there's an easy way to remove these tags programmatically? There's a winamp add on that allows me to do this for each song, but that's not very feasible.\nEdit: Is copyright part of the ID3 tags?\nThanks,\n-Roozbeh","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":45647,"Q_Id":9125733,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can just use VLC player. Click on Tools->Media Information","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,id3","A_Id":19575869,"CreationDate":"2012-02-03T08:31:00.000","Title":"How can I remove the copyright tag from ID3 of mp3s in python or php?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a bunch of mp3 files that are pretty old and don't have any copy rights. Yet, the place I got them from has filled the copy right tags with its own website url. \nI was wondering if there's an easy way to remove these tags programmatically? There's a winamp add on that allows me to do this for each song, but that's not very feasible.\nEdit: Is copyright part of the ID3 tags?\nThanks,\n-Roozbeh","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":-0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":45647,"Q_Id":9125733,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"No Need Of any PHP code\nJust Reproduce the mp3 file i.e.either burn & rip or cut the size &time making a new file where you can specify your own multitudes of options","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,id3","A_Id":39645756,"CreationDate":"2012-02-03T08:31:00.000","Title":"How can I remove the copyright tag from ID3 of mp3s in python or php?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a bunch of mp3 files that are pretty old and don't have any copy rights. Yet, the place I got them from has filled the copy right tags with its own website url. \nI was wondering if there's an easy way to remove these tags programmatically? There's a winamp add on that allows me to do this for each song, but that's not very feasible.\nEdit: Is copyright part of the ID3 tags?\nThanks,\n-Roozbeh","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":45647,"Q_Id":9125733,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes Yes This works!\nJust download the latest version of VLC media player. Open the mp3 file in it. \nRight click on file > choose 'information' > edit publisher & copyright information there > click 'Save Metadata' below.\nAnd u r done. :)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,id3","A_Id":26053995,"CreationDate":"2012-02-03T08:31:00.000","Title":"How can I remove the copyright tag from ID3 of mp3s in python or php?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Google's Oauth 2.0 to get the user's access_token, but I dont know how to use it with imaplib to access inbox.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6657,"Q_Id":9134491,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"IMAP does not support accessing inbox without password -> so imaplib doesnt","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,gmail,oauth-2.0,gmail-imap,imaplib","A_Id":11414012,"CreationDate":"2012-02-03T19:38:00.000","Title":"Access Gmail Imap with OAuth 2.0 Access token","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can different crytographic library be use for server and client?\nI want to implement TLS.\nServer is currently written in Python; Client is written in C#.\nExample, using openssl with m2crypto for client and using Bouncy Castle for Server.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":187,"Q_Id":9156981,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Absolutely. They only need to share the same protocol.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"c#,python,openssl,bouncycastle,ssl","A_Id":9157076,"CreationDate":"2012-02-06T07:42:00.000","Title":"Using different crypto library for server and client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Given a protobuf serialization is it possible to get a list of all tag numbers that are in the message? Generally is it possible to view the structure of the message without the defining .proto files?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":428,"Q_Id":9158329,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Most APIs will indeed have some form of reader-based API that allows you to enumerate a raw protobuf stream. However, that by itself is not enough to fully understand the data, since without the schema the interpretation is ambiguous:\n\na varint could be zig-zag encoded (sint32\/sint64), or not (int32\/int64\/uint32\/uint64) - radically changing the meaning, or a boolean, or an enum\na fixed-32\/fixed-64 could be a signed or unsigned integer, or could be an IEEE754 float\/double\na length-prefixed chunk could be a UTF-8 string, a BLOB, a sub-message, or a \"packed\" repeated set of primitives; if it is a sub-message, you'll have to repeat recursively\n\nSo... yes and no. Certainly you can get the field numbers of the outermost message.\nAnother approach would be to use the regular API against a type with no members (message Naked {}), and then query the unexpected data (i.e. all of it) via the \"extension\" API that many implementations provide.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,python,google-api,protocol-buffers","A_Id":9158407,"CreationDate":"2012-02-06T09:54:00.000","Title":"Can all tag numbers be extracted from a given protobuf serialization?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a small Python script which requires resolving hosts IPs or domain names. Normally I'd use gethostbyname or gethostbyaddr. However, whole traffic is sent via proxy. I'm able to retrieve data using curl with -x option.\nMy question is how can I resolve hostname and IP with proxy on the way? In Python I can't use socks.\nThank you in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1209,"Q_Id":9158845,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I believe if you use http proxy, name resolution for a symbolic hostname will be done by the proxy as well.\nIf you want to wrap it in python, use pycurl and setopt pycurl.HTTPPROXYTUNNEL.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,curl,proxy,dns","A_Id":9160090,"CreationDate":"2012-02-06T10:39:00.000","Title":"Hostname resolve using proxy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"once i run a .py to send 10000 UDP(lengh is: 110)  using socket sendto(), a server receive about 400 msgs quickly, and later became very slow for more than 10s each msg.\nit is weird if i run the .py again, another 400 msgs received quickly.\nis there a limit of buffer or UDP problem, for this situation?\nyes i got it! UDP is uncertain to destination, continues package jams after 300 msgs. so i have to add time.sleep(0.2) to make it work. Now i'm trying multiple server process for time interval.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":569,"Q_Id":9171383,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It might just be that other things are using your network card to send at the same time, and the system can only send 400ish from your application at a time before something else needs to use the NIC. It sounds more like an issue of network usage, than a problem with UDP or something.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,udp,sendto","A_Id":9171420,"CreationDate":"2012-02-07T05:22:00.000","Title":"UDP sendto() became very low, python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the socket module in Python to do some basic UDP client-server communication. What I would need to do is quite simple: client sends server a packet, server answers with client's public ip address, port and a number representing the TTL the UDP packet had when it got to the server. This is my main problem: is there any way to recieve a packet with recvfrom() or so, and read the TTL value it had when it reached my server?\nThank you very much!\nMatteo Monti","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2675,"Q_Id":9237006,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Python 3.51 has the support for flags such as IP_RECVTTL or IP_RECVTOS. I gave it a try and it worked for me in a 3.x linux kernel.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp,ip,ttl","A_Id":37691767,"CreationDate":"2012-02-11T01:28:00.000","Title":"Getting TTL of incoming UDP packet in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm somewhat new to Python, and am trying to build a standalone parser. The actual parser works when executed through python, but I get an error when I try to run it after it's been converted into an exe file. I need it to be able to run without any third-party software.\nThe error says that there is no module named xml.dom\nHelp!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":292,"Q_Id":9244255,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I can not post comments currently, but if you are using py2exe, make sure you are ONLY importing modules from your python path. If you are not, you might want to check if your module goes into the same path your program specifies. Py2exe (if assuming you have it) creates two directories when it compiles (by default) and moves the executable into a dist folder that has all the modules in a zib file (called a library). Py2exe WILL NOT search for custom import statements to modules outside of your python path. Thus you must manually place the folder or module where ever the program originally called for it (within a folder, or the same directory the compiled exe is in.) Sorry if this isn't helpful.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,parsing,exe","A_Id":9244785,"CreationDate":"2012-02-11T21:35:00.000","Title":"XML Parsing using Python converted to an exe file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a very large XML file with 40,000 tag elements.\nWhen i am using element tree to parse this file it's giving errors due to memory.\nSo is there any module in python that can read the xml file in data chunks without loading the entire xml into memory?And How i can implement that module?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3249,"Q_Id":9249219,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This is a problem that people usually solve using sax.\nIf your huge file is basically a bunch of XML documents aggregated inside and overall XML envelope, then I would suggest using sax (or plain string parsing) to break it up into a series of individual documents that you can then process using lxml.etree.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python","A_Id":9253503,"CreationDate":"2012-02-12T13:42:00.000","Title":"How to parse XML file in chunks","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am thinking of launching a hadoop cluster on amazon ec2 to download a few tens of thousands of files and later do some processing of them but before putting to much work to it I would like to know if anyone more experienced with hadoop than me thinks that it is possible? I have some doubts about being able to download files on hadoop slaves. \nIf you think that this is possible, can I expect each slave running on amazon ec2 to have different ip address?\nI would like to use python to do most of the job (e.g. urllib2 module for downloading) and as little java as possible.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":157,"Q_Id":9259531,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Its possible to download data onto hadoop on ec2. Hadoop has a distributed File system (HDFS) which takes care of placing blocks of data onto the slaves, and also honors the replication factor specified in configurations.\nThe slaves in ec2 have different ip addresses.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,hadoop,amazon-ec2","A_Id":9377499,"CreationDate":"2012-02-13T11:16:00.000","Title":"Downloading many large files through Amazon EC2 Hadoop","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a python library for easily creating a server which exposes web services (SOAP), and can process multiple requests simultaneously.\nI've tried using ZSI and rcplib, but with no success.\nUpdate:\nThanks for your answers. Both ZSI and rcplib (the successor of soaplib) implement their own Http server. How do I integrate ZSI\/rcplib with the libraries you mentioned?\nUpdate2:\nAfter some tweaking, I managed to install and run this on linux, and it seems to work well.\nThen I installed it on windows, after a lot of ugly tweakings, and then I stubmled upon the fact that WSGIDaemonProcess isn't supported in windows (also mentioned in mod_wsgi docs).  I tried to run it anyway, and it does seems to work on each request asynchronicly, but I'm not sure it will work well under pressure.\nThanks anyway...","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1184,"Q_Id":9308629,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Excuse me, may be I didn't understand you right.\nI think that you want your server to process HTTP requests in parallel, but then you don't need to think about your code\/library. Parallelizing should be done by Apache httpd and mod_wsgi\/mod_python module.\nJust set up httpd.conf with 'MaxClients 100' for example and 'WSGIDaemonProcess webservice processes=1 threads=100' for example.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,multithreading,web-services,soap","A_Id":9310348,"CreationDate":"2012-02-16T09:29:00.000","Title":"Python library for a SOAP server that handles multiple requests simultaneously?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to write a server for a browser-based MMO game, which uses WebSocket for communication, SQL Server for database, and the language of choice for server is Python. What I would like to know is which libraries can provide Websocket and MMO support, and should I use Stackless or PyPy?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2452,"Q_Id":9363363,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Tornado is definitely a good choice for what you are doing. It supports web sockets with the latest version and it works fine with PyPy if you are concerned about performance. I already have a prototype MMO working with this set up and it works great. Also you can add new connection types later. So you could start with web sockets, but if you ported the game client to a mobile device you can add a TCP handler into the game with minimal effort.\nOn the database side, I would consider looking around at other options. Maybe SQL Server is perfect for your needs, but I am more inclined to use something like Membase (renamed Couchbase recently) if you can do without the database being relational. Only because it scales well and seems to be very efficient on cloud hardware.\nGood luck with your endeavour.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sql-server,html,websocket","A_Id":10478720,"CreationDate":"2012-02-20T15:11:00.000","Title":"Writing browser-based MMO server in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to ask you guys, how to make my php (or python) socket server to start when a client make request to a specific file and to stop, when client stops. Also, is there a way to make a php or python socket server not to open any ports (maybe to use port 80, which I think is possible, thanks to the request above). I'm using a public hosting which doesn't allow me to open ports or to use terminal commands.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":87,"Q_Id":9366899,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Erm, sorry, you can't do WebSockets (at least not properly to my knowledge) without opening ports. You might be able to fake it with PHP, but the timeout would defeat it.\nI would recommend Comet AJAX\/long-polling instead.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,sockets","A_Id":9367348,"CreationDate":"2012-02-20T19:06:00.000","Title":"html5 websockets OR flash sockets activated on load?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on some programs in spanish, so I need to use accent marks. This is why I use \n # -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*- and <meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=ISO-8859-1\"> on all my programs (python). I tested in chrome,firefox and safari and they all work puttin the accent marks. The only one that does not work is IE8. It does not apply the accent mark, and add some other character instead.\nDoes anyone know if there is a problem with IE8?\nIs it better to use UTF-8 instead?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1203,"Q_Id":9370343,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"It is better to use UTF-8.\nNote that \"iso-8859-1\" is a common mislabeling of \"windows-1252\", also known as \"cp1252\". Try being more explicit and see if this resolves your issues.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,html,utf-8,iso-8859-1","A_Id":9370450,"CreationDate":"2012-02-21T00:08:00.000","Title":"ISO-8859-1 Not working on IE","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on some programs in spanish, so I need to use accent marks. This is why I use \n # -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*- and <meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=ISO-8859-1\"> on all my programs (python). I tested in chrome,firefox and safari and they all work puttin the accent marks. The only one that does not work is IE8. It does not apply the accent mark, and add some other character instead.\nDoes anyone know if there is a problem with IE8?\nIs it better to use UTF-8 instead?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1203,"Q_Id":9370343,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Yes, it is better to use UTF-8 instead.\nYour question really cannot be answered unless you also provide the bytes that you are sending.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,html,utf-8,iso-8859-1","A_Id":9370369,"CreationDate":"2012-02-21T00:08:00.000","Title":"ISO-8859-1 Not working on IE","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have hundreds of small (on the order of kilobytes) XML files whose information I need to use at run-time.  All of the data in these XML files is useful to me, not just some.\nAt runtime, as I hit the need for information from one of these I could construct an ElementTree, parse the XML file, and iterate over it recursively - resulting in a python object that I keep around and throw away the DOM.  But if I'm going to ship the XML files and parse them at runtime I'm wondering if I ought to look at a forward-only parser rather than a DOM-based parser.\nGiven that this data is static at build-time, perhaps I ought to even parse the XML into python objects, pickle them, ship 'em, and un-pickle them at runtime.  I haven't used pickling yet - would it allow for the user of dictionaries, etc?  Or is it meant for very basic data structures?\nHope I'm being clear - I have a lot of data in XML files that I'll use at runtime.  Wondering what would be fastest (at run-time) to access this data.  I don't mind leaving it in memory at runtime once it's been accessed once.\nCan share an example of the data if that would be helpful (whether in XML format or what I'd want the python class\/object look like)...\nEDIT: A few people have mentioned lxml.  I'll go look into that.  Anyone have links to parsing data from xml using lxml versus un-pickling?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":227,"Q_Id":9388461,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"lxml is the fastest XML parser for Python.\nI would keep it in XML format unless size is an issue. Combine your XML files together if speed is an issue.\nDepending on your data, putting your information into an SQLite database might be a good choice as well.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,pickle","A_Id":9388522,"CreationDate":"2012-02-22T02:52:00.000","Title":"Python - Need to parse all the elements of a number of XML files. Fastest parser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"when I use HTTPConnection under python 2.4,if the serve do not answer,the connection is keeped forever.How can i break it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":731,"Q_Id":9393118,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use that connection in the separate thread and join it using the desired timeout value.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":9393202,"CreationDate":"2012-02-22T10:32:00.000","Title":"How to set the timeout on HTTPConnection under python 2.4","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can we identify distinct computers\/devices on an intranet? \nThis is possible using cookies but that is not foolproof.\nI am expecting something on the lines of finding local ip address.\nIt would be great if you mention some tools(libraries) required to integrate it with an intranet application. The application is designed in Python(Django).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1372,"Q_Id":9397234,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can get the client (computer connecting to your web server) IP address from the HttpRequest object. If your Django view is def MyView(request): you can get the IP from request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR'). Is that what you're looking for?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,django,networking,intranet","A_Id":9399359,"CreationDate":"2012-02-22T15:00:00.000","Title":"How to identify computers on intranet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a set of python Selenium tests that run on chromedriver, and I've found that certain tests will fail occasionally because chromedriver crashes. \nIf chromedriver crashes during one of my tests it's almost always at the same spot in that test, but I've looked at the tests and there doesn't seem to be anything that would cause the crash. Often it's just a link click that seems to cause it. \nI can run the same test twice and one time it will pass, the other time it will fail because chromedriver crashes. \nI'm running the latest version of the selenium standalone server (2.18.0), Chrome version 17 and python version 2.7.1.\nDoes anyone know why this might be happening? \nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2525,"Q_Id":9400487,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Or you can try to move the mouse pointer to 0,0 coordinates. Because click event is not as reliable as the one in firefox.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":31517267,"CreationDate":"2012-02-22T18:09:00.000","Title":"Selenium chromedriver crashes on some test runs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a set of python Selenium tests that run on chromedriver, and I've found that certain tests will fail occasionally because chromedriver crashes. \nIf chromedriver crashes during one of my tests it's almost always at the same spot in that test, but I've looked at the tests and there doesn't seem to be anything that would cause the crash. Often it's just a link click that seems to cause it. \nI can run the same test twice and one time it will pass, the other time it will fail because chromedriver crashes. \nI'm running the latest version of the selenium standalone server (2.18.0), Chrome version 17 and python version 2.7.1.\nDoes anyone know why this might be happening? \nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2525,"Q_Id":9400487,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What often happens in chromedriver is that when an element is not in the visible region (for example if there vertical scroll bars and the web element is not in the region) the driver will throw Element not clickable error, which is essentially saying that the element you are trying to click is not currently visible to the user although it is present in the DOM. Ie and FF do not has this issue because they auto scroll to the focused web element.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":11804002,"CreationDate":"2012-02-22T18:09:00.000","Title":"Selenium chromedriver crashes on some test runs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm  using networkx to manage large network graph which consists of 50k nodes. \nI want to calculate the shortest path length between a specific set of nodes, say N.\nFor that i'm using the nx.shortest_path_length function.\nIn some of the nodes from N there might not be a path so networkx is raising and stopping my program.\nIs there any way to run this program without any error?\nAnd to tell to shortest_path_length to return some maximum value? \nCode simply uses nx.shortest_path_length(G,i,j)in loop.\nand error is as follows\nraise nx.NetworkXNoPath(\"No path between %s and %s.\" % (source, target))\nnetworkx.exception.NetworkXNoPath: No path between V and J","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14103,"Q_Id":9430027,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Alternatively, depending on the type of graph--namely, directed, strongly or weakly connected, or undirected--create component subgraphs (sub_G), that is,\n(G.subgraph(c) for c in connected_components(G))\nor if directed:\nnx.weakly_connected_component_subgraphs(G) or\n  nx.strongly_connected_component_subgraphs(G)\nFurthermore, given sub_G is a directed graph, check for the strength of its connections, e.g. \nnx.is_strongly_connected(sub_G) or\n  ng.is_weakly_connected(sub_G)\nCombined or individually, these recommendations'll reduce unnecessary checking of paths that do not exist due to the nature of the component subgraph(s).","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,networkx","A_Id":56307005,"CreationDate":"2012-02-24T11:31:00.000","Title":"Networkx - Shortest path length","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"first thing is, I'm a long time lurker but the first time user, I'd like to thank you all for creating the site!\nI'm in a situation that I need to implement the client part of a proprietary protocol. The protocol uses TCP\/IP underneath and the message flow can be summarized as follows:\n\nClient connects to server\nClient expresses interest in data of a certain type\nIf server has any such data, it it sent down to the client\nClient confirms the reception to the server\nClient now needs to tell the server that it is still interested in data of the same type\nServer sends the data to the client as it is coming in\nClient needs to send application-level keep-alive requests to the server from time to time (like each minute or so)\nSome messages from the server require the client to send a reply back to the server\nClient disconnects\n\nAll of that is to happen within a single TCP session, which is to be a long-living one, sort of like WebSocket I imagine.\nAnother thing is that the client is to be deployed on a multi-threaded server and should allow for concurrent access from several threads, which means that a single thread should be able to 'subscribe' to messages of a certain type from the server and should also be able to send the messages to it.\nI'm well aware of GIL hence I guess it doesn't much make to comment on that, I'm only writing a client, I can't change any other pieces of the architecture.\nSo the thing is that I've never had to delve below the HTTP level, I've been lucky enough to always use some already existing libraries and on the other hand, I haven't done that much network programming, that would be the first time I'll be something like that myself.\nI'd like it to be an opportunity for me to learn more about all the asynchronous libraries\/tools\/toolkits like select, epoll, libev or gevent. \nThe trouble is that most of the resources on the web deal with writing servers and I'm not even sure if that I'm to deploy the client on a multi-threaded doesn't mean all of them won't do much. All of the servers people are obviously single-threaded but it's not clear if it's because multiple threads aren't needed or if it's because things like epoll don't really like multiple threads using them.\nThe server clearly treats all the clients like if they were single-threaded units so I think I will need to serialize the access to the client. The thing I can't quite get is how to make sure the server responses match threads and vice versa. If one thread receives a message but another thread needs to confirm a message it received prior to the former one's getting a chance of confirming it, then how I can be sure the messages simply don't get mixed up?\nWhat do you think about it all? Are asynchronous libraries a good choice in this case? Can you think of any code samples I could have a look at? I'm using Python but the question I think is generic enough that I can use C, C++ or Java for inspiration.\nMany, many thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":494,"Q_Id":9434494,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is it possible for each thread (each client) to open their own socket? In that case, it's all a non-issue: Only the client in that one thread has a handle on that socket and so it automatically gets the correct data from the server. For the server, all of these connections from the client will look like completely independent client connections (which is exactly what they are).\nIf one of the requirements is to limit the overall number of network connections then you could construct a special thread that maintains the connection to the server, and which locally receives communication requests from the various threads\/ But using the independent sockets (one per thread) is probably much simpler.\nDo you absolutely have to use application level keepalive? Because TCP can do this for you, automatically. If the keepalive is not received in time then the socket is closed, thus informing the other side that the connection has timed out. Do consider this as an option, if it's possible in your case.\nFinally, if you don't have to do the application-level keepalive you can take advantage of one of the nice aspects of multi-threaded programming: Develop each thread as if it's the only one out there and you then don't need to worry about anything asynchronous at all. For example, you can write your client to send request and then blocking-wait for resonse, do computation and either send result or check if more data from the server has arrived. The data from the server will have accumulated in the TCP receive window on your side. This also serves as a means of flow control: If your client becomes too slow and the receive window is full then the server cannot send anymore. This might block the server, so you need to see whether the server can handle this situation.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,asynchronous,client,asyncsocket","A_Id":9527618,"CreationDate":"2012-02-24T16:35:00.000","Title":"Long-lived multithreaded client for a proprietary protocol (Python, select, epoll)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any easy way to initiate ssh connection with Python 3 without using popen? I would like to achieve password and password less authentication.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1977,"Q_Id":9465807,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No. Paramiko does not work with Python 3.x yet","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"ssh,python-3.x,connection","A_Id":17140320,"CreationDate":"2012-02-27T13:28:00.000","Title":"How to initiate ssh connection with Python 3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We are building an in house software package that will exclusively be used on Verizon aircards. We want a simple way to send data from the laptop to our servers. Originally we were going to use python and FTP but found out that Verizon's ToS sometimes block ftp access. Our next idea was to use port 80 to send files. How could I achieve this with python","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1471,"Q_Id":9469389,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Python has http client libraries -- you can easily use those to post data to a web server. Read up on the documentation for the python core libraries.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,sockets,networking,ftp","A_Id":9469432,"CreationDate":"2012-02-27T17:30:00.000","Title":"Sending data to remote servers with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"A Python web server started with\npython -m SimpleHTTPServer\nwill print on the console requests it has accepted. Can I get it to print requests that returned a connection refused to the client?\nI am trying to debug why it refuses some requests from an Android client.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1571,"Q_Id":9469645,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"No. If the client gets a Connection refused, this means that the connection request did not reach the server application. Therefore, the server application cannot possibly register these errors.\nCheck firewalls, routing, connectivity, and correctness of server address and port.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,simplehttpserver","A_Id":9469677,"CreationDate":"2012-02-27T17:47:00.000","Title":"Python SimpleHTTPServer able to register connection attempts?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have used both of these (Python and HTML5) seperately, however I'm keen to use the full power of Python over the web using HTML5 to draw things and handle the client side of things. I guess I'm looking for avenues to go down in terms of implementation. Here are some things I'd like to do if possible:\n\nHave very interactive data, which will need to processed server-side by Python but displayed and locally manipulated by HTML5 Canvas.\nClickable components on the HTML5 Canvas which will communicate with the server side.\n\nIs there an implementation that people can recommend? I.e. would Google App Engine be any good. Django? Pyjamas?\nThanks - apologies if this seems a little vague. I'm asking before trying one path to see if there is a heads-up to save time and effort.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":29496,"Q_Id":9485761,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"A viable approach for a rich client widget like this is to use a stack like:\n\n[ your javascript user interface ]\n[ a js lib for your graphics ]\nbackbone.js for managing your objects client side\ndjango-tastypie for wrapping your django objects in a RESTful API\ndjango for defining your backend","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,django,html,google-app-engine","A_Id":9485888,"CreationDate":"2012-02-28T16:27:00.000","Title":"Mixing HTML5 Canvas and Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have used both of these (Python and HTML5) seperately, however I'm keen to use the full power of Python over the web using HTML5 to draw things and handle the client side of things. I guess I'm looking for avenues to go down in terms of implementation. Here are some things I'd like to do if possible:\n\nHave very interactive data, which will need to processed server-side by Python but displayed and locally manipulated by HTML5 Canvas.\nClickable components on the HTML5 Canvas which will communicate with the server side.\n\nIs there an implementation that people can recommend? I.e. would Google App Engine be any good. Django? Pyjamas?\nThanks - apologies if this seems a little vague. I'm asking before trying one path to see if there is a heads-up to save time and effort.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":29496,"Q_Id":9485761,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I do exactly what you have mentioned using Django on the server side and HTML5 canvas\/javascript on the client side. I'm pretty happy with the results but would like to point out that what you do with a Canvas on the client side doesn't have anything to do with what you use on the server side for Python.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,django,html,google-app-engine","A_Id":9486058,"CreationDate":"2012-02-28T16:27:00.000","Title":"Mixing HTML5 Canvas and Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to make a redirection from a python app to another site. I am currently doing it in the controller which works just fine but breaks the back browser button.\nI know that a redirection with meta refresh or js, will allow me to add a delay so the user will have time to go back but I read everywhere that these techniques are deprecated and better be avoided.\nAny thoughts or ideas?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":219,"Q_Id":9499173,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The correct way is sending HTTP status code 302 instead of 200 and adding Location: <url> to response headers. How to do this depends on the WEB framework you are running your Python app on.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,redirect,pylons","A_Id":9499524,"CreationDate":"2012-02-29T12:27:00.000","Title":"How to properly redirect to another site without breaking the browser back button?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to display all the Internet History Information of a system using Python. The index.dat file holds all the history information of user, but it's encoded. How can I decode it?\n[I have heard about WinInet Method INTERNET_CACHE_ENTRY_INFO. It provides information about websites visited, hit counts, etc.]\nAre there any libraries available in Python for achieving this? If not, are there any alternatives available?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5552,"Q_Id":9506894,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you wanted to do this for Firefox history, it's an SQLITE database in the file places.sqlite in the user's firefox profile. It can be opened with python's sqlite3 library. Now if you only care about Explorer (as implied by your mention of index.dat), well I don't know about that.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,internet-explorer,browser-cache,browser-history","A_Id":9508666,"CreationDate":"2012-02-29T21:27:00.000","Title":"How do I Retrieve and Display the Internet History Information in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to validate an uploaded SWF to ensure it meets certain Flash and ActionScript version limitations. Anyone know a good Python library to parse metadata out of a SWF?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":587,"Q_Id":9510565,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Hexagonit.swfheader checks Flash version, which is part of Michael's question, but doesn't cover ActionScript version, does it?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,actionscript,flash","A_Id":9521701,"CreationDate":"2012-03-01T04:20:00.000","Title":"Check a SWF's Flash Version and ActionScript version from Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on my senior project at university and I have a question. My advisor and other workers don't know much more on the matter so I thought I would toss it out to SO and see if you could help.\nWe want to make a website that will be hosted on a server that we are configuring. That website will have buttons on it, and when visitors of that website click a certain button we want to register an event on the server. We plan on doing this with PHP.\nOnce that event is registered (this is where we get lost), we want to communicate with a serial device on a remote computer. We are confident we can set up the PHP event\/listener for the button press, but once we have that registered, how do we signal to the remote computer(connected via T1 line\/routers) to communicate with the serial device? What is this sequence of events referred to as? The hardest thing for us (when researching it) is that we are not certain what to search for!\nWe have a feeling that a python script could be running on the server, get signals from the PHP listener, and then communicate with the remote PC. The remote PC could also be running a python script that then will communicate with our serial device. Again, most of this makes sense, but we are not clear on how we communicate between Python and PHP on the web server (or if this is possible).\nIf any one could give me some advice on what to search for, or similar projects I would really appreciate it. Thanks,","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":232,"Q_Id":9523147,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can set up a web server also on the remote computer, perhaps using the same software as on the public server, so you do not need to learn another technology. The public server can make HTTP requests and the remote server responds by communicating with the serial device.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,web","A_Id":9523459,"CreationDate":"2012-03-01T20:02:00.000","Title":"Website to computer communications","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been reading about beautifulSoup, http headers, authentication, cookies and something about mechanize.\nI'm trying to scrape my favorite art websites with python. Like deviant art which I found a scraper for. Right now I'm trying to login but the basic authentication code examples I try don't work.\nSo question, How do I find out what type of authentication a site uses so that I know I'm trying to login the correct way? Including things like valid user-agents when they try to block bots.\nBear with my ignorance as I'm new to HTTP, python, and scraping.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":829,"Q_Id":9528395,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's very unlikely that any of the sites you are interested in use basic auth. You will need a library like mechanize that manages cookies and you will need to submit the login information to the site's login page.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,authentication,screen-scraping,web-scraping","A_Id":9542705,"CreationDate":"2012-03-02T05:23:00.000","Title":"how to find the authentication used on a website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In web.py, I use web.seeother() to redirect to another page, is there a way to transfer some message to that page too?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":569,"Q_Id":9529113,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you can use a Get Variable:\nweb.seeother('\/somepage?message=hello')\nbye","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web.py","A_Id":9531601,"CreationDate":"2012-03-02T06:39:00.000","Title":"How to transfer message between different request in web.py?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to increment an ip address by a fixed value.\nPrecisely this is what I am trying to achieve, I have an ip address say, 192.168.0.3 and I want to increment it by 1 which would result in 192.168.0.4 or even by a fixed value, x so that it will increment my ip address by that number. so, I can have a host like 192.168.0.3+x. \nI just want to know if any modules already exist for this conversion.\nI tried socket.inet_aton and then socket.inet_ntoa, but I don't know how to get that working properly. Need some help or advice on that.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0748596907,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":22989,"Q_Id":9539006,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Convert the last part of your IP address into a number, add 1 to it, and call ifconfig.\n\nI think the approach of incrementing the last bit will not scale well as we span across networks. \u2013OP\n\nI thought of mentioning that in my original answer, but didn't, for various reasons. These reasons are as follows:\n\nI thought it is unlikely you would need to do this, and could not guess why you'd want to.\nEven if you did need to do this, you could just parse the second-to-last number.\nThis is only valid for those bits where the netmask is 0.\nYou also have to worry about \"special\" reserved IP ranges, such as 192.168.etc.etc. Also hex doublets with 0 and possibly ff\/255 have special meaning. There are different rules in IPv6.","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":9539066,"CreationDate":"2012-03-02T19:12:00.000","Title":"python increment ipaddress","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am making a website where I am using some html forms, which passes the values to a python script and in return the python script opens a new page\/tab in the web browser. I am using the webbrowser module for it. Although I can choose the default browser or any other browser using \"webbrowser.get([name])\"; but my concern is, as this will be a public webpage, so anyone can open the page in any browser of their choice.The problem I am facing is : Lets say my default browser is \"firefox\", and I open the page in \"chrome\", so when the python script opens the new page it opens that in \"firefox\" instead of \"chrome\".\n\nHere are my questions :\n\nHow do I detect the current web browser the user is using?\nHow to open the new page in that browser?\n\n\nThe code looks like this :\n    #!C:\\Python27\\python.exe -u\n# -- coding: UTF-8 --\nimport MySQLdb\nimport sys\nimport cgi\nimport re\nimport cgitb\nimport webbrowser\ncgitb.enable()\nprint \"Content-Type: text\/plain;charset=utf-8\"\nprint\ntry:\n        db = MySQLdb.connect(host = \"localhost\", user = \"root\", passwd = \"\", db = \"pymysql\")\nexcept MySQLdb.Error, e:\n        print \"Error %d: %s\" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])\n        sys.exit()\n----- Do some analysis with the database ----\n ----- Create some kml files ----\n#Use the kml files to display points in the map.\n#Open the page where openlayers is present\nwebbrowser.open_new_tab('http:\/\/localhost\/simulator.html')","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2834,"Q_Id":9543993,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The only reason that you are probably convinced that this is a working approach is most likely because you are running the server on your local machine. The python code you are executing is server-side so it has no control over the client. The client would normally be on a remote machine. In your case since your client is also on the server, you get the effect of seeing your python script open a browser tab with the webbrowser module. \nThis is impossible in a standard client server web situation. The client will be remote and your server side code cannot control their machine. You may only serve back http requests which will simply be something their browser receives and renders. If you want to open tabs it will need to be a javascript solution on the client side. \nA more realistic solution would be to have your server serve back proper client side code. If the form is submitted via ajax then your response could contain javaacript that would open a new page.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,browser,cgi,urllib","A_Id":9544394,"CreationDate":"2012-03-03T06:16:00.000","Title":"How to detect the current open webbrowser and open new page in that same browser using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So lets say I'm scraping multiple pages (lets say a 1000) on a website. I want to know which language is best to use to scrape those pages with - javascript or python. \nFurther, I've heard about javascript scrapers being faster (due to multiple get requests), but am unsure how to implement this - can anyone enlighten me? \nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1586,"Q_Id":9550690,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If I'm reading your question right, you're not trying to build a web app (client- or server-side), but rather a standalone app that simply requests and downloads pages from the Web.\nYou can write a standalone app in JavaScript, but it's not common. The primary use of JavaScript is for code that's going to run in a user's Web browser. For standalone apps, Python is the better choice. And it has very good support (in the form of the urllib2 and related libraries) for tasks like Web scraping.\nOf course, if your scraping task is relatively simple, you might be better off just using wget.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"jquery,python,screen-scraping","A_Id":9551356,"CreationDate":"2012-03-03T23:13:00.000","Title":"Scraping with JQuery or Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So lets say I'm scraping multiple pages (lets say a 1000) on a website. I want to know which language is best to use to scrape those pages with - javascript or python. \nFurther, I've heard about javascript scrapers being faster (due to multiple get requests), but am unsure how to implement this - can anyone enlighten me? \nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1586,"Q_Id":9550690,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"This is just my opinion but I would rank them like this\n\njavascript might be the best choice but only if you have a node\nenvironment already set up. The advantage of javascript scrapers is\nthey can interpret the js in the pages you're scraping.\nnext is a three way tie between perl python and ruby. They all have a mechanize library and do xpath and regex in a sensible way.\nDown at the bottom is php. It's lack of a cookie handling library like mechanize (curl isn't great) and it's clumsy dom and regex functions make it a poor choice for scraping.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"jquery,python,screen-scraping","A_Id":9551757,"CreationDate":"2012-03-03T23:13:00.000","Title":"Scraping with JQuery or Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Google and Bing are both free, for Google I use urllib and json to get the results. For Bing i use pyBing. Yahoo requires me to pay per 1000 queries, which I don't want to do for a homework assignment.\nIs there any other SEs that has a python api? Or has something similar to Google's ajax googleapis?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":332,"Q_Id":9551108,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"pySearch is no longer supported, the only way to search yahoo is to use their BOSS API.\nThe BOOS api would require payments for every 1000 queries.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,search-engine","A_Id":10133419,"CreationDate":"2012-03-04T00:16:00.000","Title":"besides google and bing, what other search engine has an python api?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am interested in implementing and running some heavy graph-theory algorithms for the purpose of (hopefully) finding counterexamples for some conjecture.\nWhat is the most efficient libraries, server setups you would recommend? \nI am thinking of using Python's Graph API. \nFor running the algorithms I was thinking of using Hadoop, but researching Hadoop I get the feeling it is more appropriate for analysing databases than enumerating problems. \nIf my thinking about Hadoop is correct, what is the best server setup you would recommend for running such a process?\nAny leads on how to run an algorithm in a remote distributed environment that won't require a lot of code rewritting or cost a lot of money would be helpful.\nmany thanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":252,"Q_Id":9557074,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can look CUDA as another option, if it is highly computational task.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,algorithm,hadoop,graph-theory,distributed-computing","A_Id":9557746,"CreationDate":"2012-03-04T17:18:00.000","Title":"I am interested in disproving some graph theory conjectures in python, what is the most efficient library\/server set up to use?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a CherryPy web site running on a virtual ubuntu linux server.  I'm attempting to move the application to a second, larger-memory server.  Both servers appears to have CherryPy 3.2 installed (I just used apt-get to install it on the newer server).\nThe newer server, however, does not appear to have the CherryPy auth_digest module installed which is what I'm using for authentication.  It is present in the CherryPy egg on the older server.\nHow can I update my copy of CherryPy to incorporate that module?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":219,"Q_Id":9559475,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I wound up downloading the tar file (which I think may be a minor version or two more recent than what apt-get knows about) and using setup.py to install it.  This version includes the digest authorization module.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ubuntu,cherrypy","A_Id":9561238,"CreationDate":"2012-03-04T22:34:00.000","Title":"Where to get the CherryPy auth_digest module?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using boto to spawn a new EC2 instance based on an AMI.\nThe ami.run method has a number of parameters, but none for \"name\" - maybe it's called something different?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9225,"Q_Id":9575148,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In EC2 there's no api to change the actually name of the machine. You basically have two options.\n\nYou can pass the desired name of the computer in the user-data and when the server starts run a script that will change the name of the computer.\nYou can use an EC2 tag to name the server ec2-create-tags <instance-id> --tag:Name=<computer name>. Downside to this solution is the server wont actually update to this name. This tag is strictly for you or for when you're querying the list of servers in aws.\n\nGenerally speaking if you're at the point where you want your server to configure itself when starting up I've found that renaming your computer in EC2 just causes more trouble than it's worth. I suggest not using them if you don't have to. Using the tags or elb instances is the better way to go.","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,amazon-ec2,amazon-web-services,boto","A_Id":9575281,"CreationDate":"2012-03-05T22:39:00.000","Title":"With boto, how can I name a newly spawned EC2 instance?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an app which amounts to a Python script, running on the user's phone, and a JS client, running in the user's browser. The Python script sends messages to App Engine as HTTP requests. The server then pushes the messages to the JS client.\nThe problem is authentication: The server can easily use Google Accounts to authenticate anything coming from the JS client as being sent by a particular user, but I do not know how to get the Python script to make HTTP requests which will also authenticate.\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":425,"Q_Id":9593659,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Can you use OAUth to authenticate with Google, then use the OAuth token to ensure the messages are legitimate?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,cookies,oauth","A_Id":9596143,"CreationDate":"2012-03-06T23:39:00.000","Title":"Need to send a HTTP request in Python that'll authenticate with Google Accounts","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to take an audio signal, and extract overlapping audio frames from it. I then need to convert these to frequency data (FFT stuff \/ like a spectrogram) and analyze the frequency information. \nFor example, if I have a 1 minute mp3 file, I want split the file into smaller files, from 00:00.000 to 00:03.000, from 00:00.010 to 00:03.010. Then I need to see the frequency breakdown of each sub-file. \nWhich programming languages have good audio tools that could help  me do this? Are there linux command-line tools I could use? Bonus points for Node.js (yeah right) or Haskell, which I'm most familiar with.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":439,"Q_Id":9606942,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"MATLAB.\nGNU Octave is the free sorta-clone.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,ruby,linux,node.js,haskell","A_Id":9607629,"CreationDate":"2012-03-07T18:17:00.000","Title":"Good sound libraries?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm creating a web chat service for my company product which is a local social network serving a lot of concurrent connections from online users. Long-polling is used together with Tornado over Python. However, when there's a lot of inactive long-polling connections (receiving no incoming messages), I should close some of them.\nHow long should I let a long-polling connection stay? 1 hour or at most 1 day?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1115,"Q_Id":9617049,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You have to adjust long-poll timeout to practical network environment, for example some adsl modems silently drop connections after, say, 10 minutes of inactivity. Some laptops might move to another wireless network or go to sleep, etc.\nIMO you shouldn't have more than 5 minutes for practical public use case on the internet.\nYou may consider longer timeouts if you have control over network or peers; or if you have independent verification that client is still waiting, e.g. through a separate request that came from the same session.\nWhen you analyze your workload, you might discover that after a certain threshold, doubling timeout brings very small performance improvement. Usually that threshold will be pretty small, then use that.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http,chat,tornado,long-polling","A_Id":9618212,"CreationDate":"2012-03-08T11:37:00.000","Title":"How long should I let a long-polling connection stay?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to get the HTML content of a web page but most of the content is generated by javascript.\nIs it posible to get this generated HTML (with python if posible)?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2524,"Q_Id":9618776,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The only way I know of to do this from your server is to run the page in an actual browser engine that will parse the HTML, build the normal DOM environment, run the javascript in the page and then reach into that DOM engine and get the innerHTML from the body tag.\nThis could be done by firing up Chrome with the appropriate URL from Python and then using a Chrome plugin to fetch the dynamically generated HTML after the page was done initializing itself and communicate back to your Python.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,python,html","A_Id":9618891,"CreationDate":"2012-03-08T13:59:00.000","Title":"How can I get the HTML generated with javascript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to get the HTML content of a web page but most of the content is generated by javascript.\nIs it posible to get this generated HTML (with python if posible)?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2524,"Q_Id":9618776,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If most of the content is generated by Javascript then the Javascript may be doing ajax calls to retrieve the content. You may be able to call those server side scripts from your Python app.\nDo check that it doesn't violate the website's terms though and get permission.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,python,html","A_Id":9618929,"CreationDate":"2012-03-08T13:59:00.000","Title":"How can I get the HTML generated with javascript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I have tried to find a answer but must not be searching correctly or what I'm trying to do is the wrong way to go about it. \nSo I have a simple python script that creates a chess board and pieces in a command line environment. You can in put commands to move the pieces. So one of my co workers thought it would be cool to play each other over the network. I agreed and tried by creating a text file to read and write to on the network share. Then we would both run the script that reads that file. The problem I ran into is I pretty much DOS attacked that file share since it kept trying to check that file on network share for a update. \nI am still new to python and haven't ever wrote code that travels the internet, our even a simple local  network. So my question is how should I go about properly allowing 2 people to access this data at the same time with out stealing all the network resources?\nOh also im using version 2.6 because thats what everyone else uses and they refuse to change to new syntax","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":347,"Q_Id":9629040,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First off, without knowing how many times you are checking the fle with the moves, it is difficult to know why the file-share is getting DoS-ed. Most networks and network shares these days can handle that level of traffic - they are all gigabit Ethernet, so unless you are transferring large chunks of data each time, you should be ok. If you are transferring the whole file each time, then I'd suggest that you look at optimizing that.\nThat said, coming to your second question on how this is handled at a network level, to be honest, you are already doing it in a certain way - you are accessing a file on a network share and modifying it. The only optimization required is to be able to do it efficiently. Even over the network operations in a concurrent world do the same. In that case, it will be using fast in-memory database storing various changes \/ using a high-scale RDBMS \/ in the case of fast-serving web-servers better async I\/O.\nIn the current case, since there are two users playing the game, I suggest that you work on a way to transmit only the difference in the moves each time over the network. So, instead of modifying the file over the network share, you can send the moves over to a server component and it synchronizing the changes locally to the file. Of course, this means you will need to create a server component that would do something like this\nuser1's moves <--> server <--> user2's moves  . Server will modify the moves file.\nOnce you start doing this, you get into the realm of server programming \/ preventing race conditions etc. It will be a good learning experience.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":9629110,"CreationDate":"2012-03-09T04:41:00.000","Title":"Python over a network share","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm a newer and if the question is so easy I apologize for that.\nAssume I want to dev a classical online judge system, obviously the core part is\n\nget users' code to a file\ncompile it on server\nrun it on server (with some sandbox things to prevent damage)\n\nthe program exit itself, then check the answer.\nor get the signal of program collapsing.\n\n\nI wonder if it's possible to do all the things using Node.js, how to do the sandbox things. Is there any example for compile-sandbox-run-abort-check thing?\nadditional:\nis it more convenient to dev a such system using PYTHON?\nthanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1228,"Q_Id":9636294,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To accomplish the sandbox, it would be fairly easy to do this by simply running your code inside of a closure that reassigns all of the worrisome calls to NaN\nfor instance, if the code executes inside a closure where eval=NaN","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"javascript,python,node.js,compiler-construction","A_Id":9636911,"CreationDate":"2012-03-09T15:06:00.000","Title":"Is that possible to develop a ACM ONLINE JUDGE system using NODE.JS(or PYTHON)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to take results from a web page, sent from dom as json through ajax, then send this data to a python script, run it, then return the new results back as json. I was told a php script running gearman would be a good bet, but I'm still not sure how that would work.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":703,"Q_Id":9642259,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Put your Python script in your CGI directory and use the cgi and json modules in your script to read AJAX from post\/get params. Of course you can do a system call from PHP to run a Python script, but I can't think of a good reason why you would.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,javascript,python,gearman","A_Id":9642671,"CreationDate":"2012-03-09T23:18:00.000","Title":"How can I run a python script through a webserver and return results to javascript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on a Python script that will extract data from Database and prepare data for a front graph amCharts tool. I am returning data via an AJAX call made from the front end side in JSON \/ XML format.\nIs it safe to return data in JSON \/ XML format to browser - in case if my tool goes to live wouldn\u2019t the JSON \/ XML format would be viewable to client side before reading. Is it a safe way for data to be transmitted to client side?\nWhat are the other ways the Python script can print out data such that client side can show data in graphs etc in secured way? Also is my approach correct - is there any other way to represent data as Graphs?\nPlease advice","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":347,"Q_Id":9643548,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You should use HTTPS on your server, so that the data is encrypted as it leaves the server.\nUltimately, though, the browser will decrypt the data. If at anytime you don't even want the target end-user to see the data, then you have to follow this rule: don't send it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":9643693,"CreationDate":"2012-03-10T02:53:00.000","Title":"JSON XML Graph Data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've written an IRC bot using Twisted and now I've gotten to the point where I want to be able to dynamically reload functionality.\nIn my main program, I do from bots.google import GoogleBot and I've looked at how to use reload to reload modules, but I still can't figure out how to do dynamic re-importing of classes.\nSo, given a Python class, how do I dynamically reload the class definition?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6092,"Q_Id":9645388,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Better yet subprocess the plugins, then hypervise the subprocess, when the files change reload the plugins process.\nEdit: cleaned up.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,reflection,twisted","A_Id":9645892,"CreationDate":"2012-03-10T09:33:00.000","Title":"Dynamically reload a class definition in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Id like to know if there is a way to get information from my banking website with Python, Id like to retrieve my card history and display it, and possibly save it into a text document each month.\nI have found the urls ext to login and get the information from the website, which works from a browser, but I have been using liburl2 to \"open\" the webpages from Python and I have a feeling its not working because of some cookie or session things.\nI can get any information I want from a website that does not require a login with urllib2, and then save the actual HTML and go through it later, but I cant on my banks website,\nAny help would be appreciated","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2748,"Q_Id":9647381,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"This is a part of Web-Scraping :\n\nWeb-scraping is a standard task that can serve various needs.\nScraping data out of secure-website means https\nHandling https is not a problem with mechanize and BeautifulSoup\nAlthough urllib2 with HTTPCookieJar also works fine\nIf managing the cookies is the problem, then I would recommend mechanize\n\nConsidering the case of your BANK-Site :\n\nI would recommend not to play with your account.\nIf you must then, its not as easy as any normal secure\/non-secure site.\nThese sites are designed to with-stand such scripts.\n\nProblems that you would face with this:\n\nBANK sites will surely have Captcha that is almost impossible to by-pass with a script unless you employee a lot of rocket-science and effort.\nOther problem that you will definitely face is javascript, standard scripting solutions are focused to manage cookies, HTML parsing, etc. For processing javascript on links you will have to process js in your python script. That again needs a lot of effort.\nThen, AJAX that again comes from javascript fetches data from server after page-load.\n\nSo, it will require you to take a lot of effort to do this task.\nAlso, if you try doing this you risk of blocking access to your account since banking sites are quick to block account access on 3-4 unsuccessful attempt on login or captcha, etc.\nSo, think before you do.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,post,cookies,get,urllib2","A_Id":9647462,"CreationDate":"2012-03-10T14:53:00.000","Title":"Python get data from secured website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wonder if TDD could help my programming. However, I cannot use it simply as most of my functions take large network objects (many nodes and links) and do operations on them. Or I even read SQL tables.\nMost of them time it's not really the logic that breaks (i.e. not semantic bugs), but rather some functions calls after refactoring :)\nDo you think I can use TDD with such kind of data? What do you suggest for that? (mock frameworks etc?)\nWould I somehow take real data, process it with a function, validate the output, save input\/output states to some kind of mock object, and then write a test on it? I mean just in case I cannot provide hand made input data.\nI haven't started TDD yet, so references are welcome :)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":420,"Q_Id":9656064,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You've pretty much got it. Database testing is done by starting with a clean, up-to-date schema and adding a small amount of known, fixed data into the database. You can then do operations on this controlled environment, knowing what results you expect to see.\nWorking with network objects is a bit more complex, but it normally involves stubbing them (i.e. removing the inner functionality entirely) or mocking them so that a fixed set of known data is returned.\nThere is always a way to test your code. If it's proving difficult, it's normally the code design that needs some rethinking.\nI don't know any Python specific TDD resources, but a great resource on TDD in general is \"Test Driven Development: A Practical Guide\" by Coad. It uses Java as the language, but the principles are the same.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,tdd","A_Id":9656098,"CreationDate":"2012-03-11T15:04:00.000","Title":"TDD with large data in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've just created a web chat server with Tornado over Python. The communication mechanism is to use long-polling and I\/O events.\nI want to benchmark this web chat server at large scale, meaning I want to test this chat server (Tornado based) to see how many chatters it can withstand.\nBecause I'm using cookies to identify sessions, presently I can only test with maximum 5 (IE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera) sessions per computer (cookie path has no use coz everything goes thru' the same web page), but in my office we only have limited number of computers.\nI want to test this Tornado app at the extreme, hopefully it can withstand few thousand concurrent users like Tornado is advertising, but having no clue how to do this!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":510,"Q_Id":9665913,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would run the server in a mode where you let the client tell which client they are. i.e. change the code so it can be run this way as required.  This is less secure, but makes testing easier. In production, don't use this option.  This will give you a realistic test from a small number of client machines.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,performance,chat,tornado,long-polling","A_Id":9668433,"CreationDate":"2012-03-12T11:06:00.000","Title":"How to benchmark web chat performance?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This might be a simple question.but,does any one know how to disable a button after clicking it in OpenERP?\nPlease help!!!!!\nThanks for all your help....","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2267,"Q_Id":9666425,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If we talking about web interface then you could disable it by javascript.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,openerp","A_Id":9667268,"CreationDate":"2012-03-12T11:46:00.000","Title":"How to disable a button after clicking it in OpenERP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to create a 'Download Manager' for Linux that lets me download one single file using multiple threads. This is what I'm trying to do : \n\nDivide the file to be downloaded into different parts by specifying an offset\nDownload the different parts into a temporary location\nMerge them into a single file.\n\nSteps 2 and 3 are solvable, and it is at Step #1 that I'm stuck. How do I specify an offset while downloading a file? \nUsing something along the lines of open(\"\/path\/to\/file\", \"wb\").write(urllib2.urlopen(url).read()) does not let me specify a starting point to read from. Is there any alternative to this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3774,"Q_Id":9701682,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"first, the http server should return Content-Length header. this is usually means the file is a static file, if it is a dynamic file, such as a result of php or jsp, you can not do such split.\nthen, you can use http Range header when request, this header tell the server which part of file should return. see python doc for how set and parse http head. \nto do this, if the part size is 100k, you first request with Range: 0-1000000 100k will get first part, and in its conent-length in response tell your the size of file, then start some thread with different Range, it will work","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,download,urllib2,fedora","A_Id":9702345,"CreationDate":"2012-03-14T12:08:00.000","Title":"Download A Single File Using Multiple Threads","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've read that socketserver is easier to use, but for someone who is just learning about sockets, which would be quicker and more beginner-friendly, socket or socketserver?  For a very basic client\/server setup using stream sockets. (Python)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":72,"Q_Id":9710914,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"socket is the low-level interface which SocketServer (as well as other networking code) is based off of. I'd start out learning it, whether you plan to use it directly or not, just so that you know what you're working with.\nAlso, SocketServer is of no use if you're writing client code. :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,socketserver","A_Id":9711006,"CreationDate":"2012-03-14T21:58:00.000","Title":"Which is better to use for the server of a basic server\/client socket implementation, \"socket\" or \"socketserver\"?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to upload a video on youtube with a remote URL (not from the local machine). I am using Youtube API and python gdata tools for this.\nI don't have the videos on the server where the script will run, and I want to upload them directly to youtube from a remote URL, instead of downloading them first... Do you know if this possible?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1998,"Q_Id":9711561,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Short answer:  Not possible. \nLong answer: Videos are just data files. So the question becomes: is it possible for a program on Computer A to tell Server B to send a file to Server C using standard internet communication?  YouTube only accepts POST requests for uploading videos, so Server B would need to send this request.  And you can't tell Server B to do this with just a URL.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,youtube,gdata","A_Id":9714978,"CreationDate":"2012-03-14T22:56:00.000","Title":"Upload video to youtube via URL with python gdata","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a problem I've been dealing with lately.  My application asks its users to upload videos, to be shared with a private community.  They are teaching videos, which are not always optimized for web quality to start with.  The problem is, many of the videos are huge, way over the 50 megs I've seen in another question.  In one case, a video was over a gig, and the only solution I had was to take the client's video from box.net, upload it to the video server via FTP, then associate it with the client's account by updating the database manually.  Obviously, we don't want to deal with videos this way, we need it to all be handled automatically.\nI've considered using either the box.net or dropbox API to facilitate large uploads, but would rather not go that way if I don't have to.  We're using PHP for the main logic of the site, though I'm comfortable with many other languages, especially Python, but including Java, C++, or Perl.  If I have to dedicate a whole server or server instance to handling the uploads, I will.\nI'd rather do the client-side using native browser JavaScript, instead of Flash or other proprietary tech.\nWhat is the final answer to uploading huge files though the web, by handling the server response in PHP or any other language?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":200,"Q_Id":9712898,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It is possible to raise the limits in Apache and PHP to handle files of this size. The basic HTTP upload mechanism does not offer progressive information, however, so I would usually consider this acceptable only for LAN-type connections.\nThe normal alternative is to locate a Flash or Javascript uploader widget. These have the bonus that they can display progressive information and will integrate well with a PHP-based website.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"java,php,javascript,c++,python","A_Id":9712935,"CreationDate":"2012-03-15T01:44:00.000","Title":"Uploading huge files with PHP or any other language?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am doing a car rental software, in which a front end back end are there, where the back end will do the accounting part. I have to send some data like customer name, amount, currency etc. to account engine to prepare the ledgers. I am confused whether to use json or soap for information exchange between front and back ends. ur suggestions are precious. thank u..","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":181,"Q_Id":9714877,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Use JSON for data serialization.  It's clean, simple, compact, widely supported, and understands data types.  Use SOAP only if you like pain.  It is a bloated sack of cruft built upon another bloated sack of cruft.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,json,zend-framework,serialization","A_Id":9716132,"CreationDate":"2012-03-15T06:21:00.000","Title":"Either json or Soap to exchange data in my project?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am doing a car rental software, in which a front end back end are there, where the back end will do the accounting part. I have to send some data like customer name, amount, currency etc. to account engine to prepare the ledgers. I am confused whether to use json or soap for information exchange between front and back ends. ur suggestions are precious. thank u..","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":181,"Q_Id":9714877,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Use JSON.\nMy argument is that JSON maps directly to and from native data types in common scripting languages.\nIf you use Python, then None <-> null, True <-> true, False <-> false, int\/float <-> Number, str\/unicode <-> String, list <-> Array and dict <-> Object. You feel right at home with JSON.\nIf you use PHP, there should be similar mappings.\nXML is always a foreign language for any programming language except Scala.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,json,zend-framework,serialization","A_Id":9720556,"CreationDate":"2012-03-15T06:21:00.000","Title":"Either json or Soap to exchange data in my project?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am doing a car rental software, in which a front end back end are there, where the back end will do the accounting part. I have to send some data like customer name, amount, currency etc. to account engine to prepare the ledgers. I am confused whether to use json or soap for information exchange between front and back ends. ur suggestions are precious. thank u..","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":181,"Q_Id":9714877,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Depending on your needs, you could use both.  For example, using XML bindings you get the (de)serialization of the data going across the wire for free.  That is, if you're going to be POSTing lots of data to your web-service, and want to avoid calling the equivalent of \"request.getParameter\" for each parameter and building your own objects and creating\/registering different servlets for each endpoing, the bindings can save in development time.  And for the response, you can have the payload be defined as a String and return JSON text, which gives you the benefits of that compact, javascript-friendly of that notation.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,json,zend-framework,serialization","A_Id":9720841,"CreationDate":"2012-03-15T06:21:00.000","Title":"Either json or Soap to exchange data in my project?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have 10 XML files containing several Objects.\nThe XML files define ACTIONS on those objects.\nACTIONS on objects=\n\nMODIFY values\nDELETE Object\nCREATE Object with values\n\nI need to get the result of those 10 XML files (10 files of actions on those objects).\nAny suggestion ?\n\nprogramming .NET and ADO ?\nprogramming PYTHON and minidom ?\nspyXML from Altova ?\na commercial tool to load MYSQL ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":81,"Q_Id":9725725,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Finally we have used SAXON + XSLT2.0 (saxon called from Perl) and Perl::Twig for the parts we did not know how to program in XSLT","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,.net,xml,xslt,ado.net","A_Id":11595618,"CreationDate":"2012-03-15T18:17:00.000","Title":"XML files to be sum up","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to send username and password data from a web form to my server.\nThe password is sent as plain text over a https connection, then properly encrypted on the server (using python hashlib.sha224) before being stored, however I'm not sure how to transmit the password text to the server in an encrypted format.\nMy web client is written in javascript, and the server is written in python.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2259,"Q_Id":9742351,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The HTTPS channel over which you send the password to the server provides encryption that is good enough.\nHowever, you need a more secure storage mechanism for the password. Use an algorithm like \"bcrypt\" with many thousands of hash iterations (bcrypt calls this the cost factor, and it should be at least 16, meaning 216 iterations), and a random \"salt\". This works by deriving an encryption key from the password, which is a computationally expensive process, then using that key to encrypt some known cipher text, which is saved for comparison on future login attempts.\nAlso, using HTTPS on the login only is not sufficient. You should use it for any requests that require an authenticated user, or that carry an authentication cookie.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,encryption,passwords,hashlib","A_Id":9742498,"CreationDate":"2012-03-16T18:05:00.000","Title":"How to encrypt password sent to server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been experimenting with the Google App Engine, and I'm trying to import certain libraries in order to execute API commands. I've been having trouble importing, however. When I tried to  execute \"from apiclient.discovery import build\", my website doesn't load anymore. When I test locally in IDLE, this command works.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2099,"Q_Id":9747258,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The packages needs to be locally available, where did you put the packages, in the Python folder or in your project folder?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,google-api,google-api-client,google-api-python-client","A_Id":9748040,"CreationDate":"2012-03-17T04:30:00.000","Title":"Google App Engine library imports","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to write a python script which downloads the web-page only if the web-page contains HTML. I know that content-type in header will be used. Please suggest someway to do it as i am unable to get a way to get header before the file download.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":103,"Q_Id":9750481,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Use http.client to send a HEAD request to the URL. This will return only the headers for the resource then you can look at the content-type header and see if it text\/html. If it is then send a GET request to the URL to get the body.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,download,html-parsing,beautifulsoup,printing-web-page","A_Id":9750658,"CreationDate":"2012-03-17T13:50:00.000","Title":"Download a URL only if it is a HTML Webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am crawling online stores for price comparison. Mot of the stores are using dynamic URLs heavily. This is causing my crawler to spend lot of time on every online stores. Even though most of them have only 5-6k unique products, they have unique URLs >= 300k. Any idea how to get around this.\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":205,"Q_Id":9752891,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you parsing some product pages, usually these URLs have some kind of product id.\nFind the pattern to extract product id from URLs, and use it to filter already visited URLs.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,url,dynamic","A_Id":9753135,"CreationDate":"2012-03-17T19:08:00.000","Title":"How to handle dynamic URLs while crawling online stores?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have used twitter search API to collect lots of tweets given a search keyword.  Now that I have this collection of tweets, I'd like to find out which tweet has been retweeted most.  \nSince search API does not have retweet_count, I have to find some other way to check how many times each tweet has been retweeted.  The only clue I have is that I have ID number for each tweet.  Is there any way I could use these ID numbers to figure out how many times each tweet has been retweeted??\nI am using twitter module for python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1571,"Q_Id":9758636,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am currently studying twitter structure and had found out that is a field called tweet_count associated with each tweet as to # of times that particular original tweet has been retweeted","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api,twitter","A_Id":29076949,"CreationDate":"2012-03-18T13:16:00.000","Title":"Getting Retweet Count of a Given Tweet ID Number","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have used twitter search API to collect lots of tweets given a search keyword.  Now that I have this collection of tweets, I'd like to find out which tweet has been retweeted most.  \nSince search API does not have retweet_count, I have to find some other way to check how many times each tweet has been retweeted.  The only clue I have is that I have ID number for each tweet.  Is there any way I could use these ID numbers to figure out how many times each tweet has been retweeted??\nI am using twitter module for python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1571,"Q_Id":9758636,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"i don't think so, since one can either retweet using the retweet command or using a commented retweet. At least the second alternative generates a new tweet id","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api,twitter","A_Id":9758703,"CreationDate":"2012-03-18T13:16:00.000","Title":"Getting Retweet Count of a Given Tweet ID Number","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an assignment to create a secure communication between 2 people with a middle man. \nThe messages have to be encrypted using public and private keys and a X.509 certificate should be created for each user, this certificate is stored by the third party.\nI'm currently sending messages between users through a sockets.\nCould someone suggest an easy to understand library that I could use to perform simple encryption? Any appropriate reading sources about the library will help as well.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":994,"Q_Id":9778006,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I ended up using M2Crypto after trying PyOpenSSL\nthe problem with PyOpenSSL is that it doesnt have a method to return a public key. I was having a lot of problem with this. \nM2Crypto has its own encryption method as well, meaning you dont need to install multiple libraries :)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,encryption,cryptography,toolkit","A_Id":9821078,"CreationDate":"2012-03-19T21:11:00.000","Title":"Python open source cryptographic toolkit","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a multi threaded python application communicating with a separate service trough UDP.\nEach thread is similar, at some point need a response from the separate service.\nSo practically for each thread I create e new client socket and start to communicate. The problem is on the server side each UDP packet seems to come from the same reception port thus this create problem on the client side on who receives whose message.\nHow can I enforce the socket to use a different ephemeral reception port for each instance in the same program different threads?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":566,"Q_Id":9789410,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can connect() each UDP socket to it's target. That way the ephemeral ports will be fixed (and different) for each thread.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp","A_Id":9789514,"CreationDate":"2012-03-20T15:08:00.000","Title":"Python UDP client Ephemeral Reception Port","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my latest Python project, utilizing Twisted, I've tried to be good at using the unittest module. At a high level, I'm building two RESTful APIs designed specifically to talk to each other. For most requests, I can just use DummyRequest and test the rendered values against an expected constant and that's been working fine.\nHowever, I've got a few cases where the design requires a request on one server that (among other things) then sends a request to the other server, but doesn't really care about the response. What matters is that the request happens. \nLike I said, I can test that functionality on the other side perfectly fine, but I'm getting stumped on how to test to ensure that the data was sent over. My ideas so far are either\n\nSet up a dummy test server that just checks to see if the request was made and validates the input - Seems flaky and too much effort\nSet up a decorator to wrap certain tests and modify urllib.urlopen to report when it was called, what we tried to retrieve, and allow me to simply return a known result there.\n\nI'm leaning towards the second option as it seems more pythonic, but also a bit hacky.\nThoughts?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":963,"Q_Id":9798910,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know much about Twisted or how you set up your system under test, but could you start two servers on a single thread? One of them would be the one you are testing and another would be just a dummy that can accept any request. In addition to that, the dummy would store info that it has received the call. After initiating the operation on the first server that causes it to call the second one, you could then assert that the second one has received a request.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,twisted","A_Id":9799162,"CreationDate":"2012-03-21T05:07:00.000","Title":"Unit-testing client-server interaction in Twisted","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working out how to build a python app to do image processing. A client (not a web browser) sends an image and some text data to the server and the server's response is based on the received image.\nOne method is to use a web server + WSGI module and have clients make a HTTP POST request (using multipart\/form-data). The http server then 'works out' the uploaded image and other data that the program can use.\nAnother method is to create a protocol that only sends the needed data and is handled within the application. The application would be doing everything (listening on the port, etc).\nIs one of these a stand-out 'best' way (if yes, which one?), or is it more up to preference (or is there another way which is better)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":739,"Q_Id":9804674,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In my opinion HTTP is an ideal protocol for sending files or large data, and its very common use, easy to suit any situation. If you use a self-created protocol, you may find it hard to transform when you get other client needs, like a web API.\nMaybe the discussions about HTTP's lack of instantaneity and agility make you hesitate about choosing HTTP, but that mostly something about instant messaging and server push, there are better protocols. But when it comes to stability and flexiblity, HTTP is always a good choice.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,wsgi","A_Id":9805325,"CreationDate":"2012-03-21T12:32:00.000","Title":"Sending image to server: http POST vs custom tcp protocol","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing  a python script (in fact a Calibre Recipe) to retrieve all the items under a specific tag or category in my readlist.\nI'm able to retrieve the whole items from the category but I'ld like to retrieve items feed-by-feed, so I need a way to list the feeds filed under a specific category (just as Google Reader UI does when you click on a folder).\nI'm unable to find a API for doing that.\nAny suggestions?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":358,"Q_Id":9819233,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use https:\/\/www.google.com\/reader\/api\/0\/subscription\/list to list the user's subscriptions. The folders each subscription is in are given by the categories list. You can append ?output=json to get the list of subscriptions as JSON.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-reader,calibre","A_Id":10144450,"CreationDate":"2012-03-22T09:14:00.000","Title":"Google Reader API Listing feed from a single tag or category","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking to send an img file created using Qemu snapshot feature through the network using Python. Its file is of varying size.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":103,"Q_Id":9850143,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you may want to read the socket module doc of python.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,file,sockets","A_Id":9855161,"CreationDate":"2012-03-24T08:14:00.000","Title":"Sending an img file using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a working application using python and zeromq and I would like to optimize it. \nBriefly, a master node send the same request to all workers (about 200) and the then collect the answers. Based on the answer, it sends a message back to one node and the node answers back.\nRight now I implemented a very simple pattern. Each worker has one REP socket and the server has a list of REQ sockets. The server iterates through all sockets sending the general message and then iterates through all sockets to collect the answers. Finally, based on the answers the server picks one worker, sends a message to it and waits for the reply.\nThis is, of course, quite slow. The slowest part is sending 200 times the same message. Collecting is also slow. The solutions that I have found to distribute tasks and collect answers do load balance which is not what I need. I need that each worker receives the message and responds.\nWhat is the pattern recommended for this situation?\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3007,"Q_Id":9852614,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know zmq. Here's a pattern that might not work, just to get started:\n\na master node send the same request to all workers (about 200) \n\nmaster PUB bind *:3140 send\nworker SUB connect masterhost:3140 SUBSCRIBE recv\n\nthe then collect the answers\n\nworker PUSH connect masterhost:3141 send\nmaster PULL bind *:3141 recv\n\nBased on the answer, it sends a message back to one node and the node answers back.\n\nmaster REQ connect workerhost:3142 send recv\nworker REP bind *:3142 recv send","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,distributed,zeromq","A_Id":9853246,"CreationDate":"2012-03-24T14:43:00.000","Title":"Distributing task with python and zeromq","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have developed a server that serves audio files over HTTP. Using the Content-Length header I was able to view the current position, but this source isn't seekable. How can I make it seekable? \nSome people recommended sending Accept-Range: bytes, but when I tried that the audio doesn't even play anymore.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":718,"Q_Id":9860262,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Think about what you're asking: A stream of bytes is arriving over the network, and you want random access over it? You can't. What you can do is implement buffering yourself, which you could do reasonably transparently with the io module. If you want to seek forward, discard the intermediate blocks; if you want to seek backward, you'll have to hold the stream in memory till you don't need it anymore.\nIf you don't want to buffer the entire stream client-side, you need a way to tell the server to seek to a different position and restart streaming from there.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,http,audio,streaming","A_Id":9861360,"CreationDate":"2012-03-25T12:54:00.000","Title":"Can't seek in streamed file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I cannot request url \"http:\/\/www.besondere-raumd\u00fcfte.de\" with urllib2.urlopen(). \nI tried to encode string using urllib.urlencode with utf-8, idna, ascii But still doesn't work. Raises URLError: <urlopen error unknown url type.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2142,"Q_Id":9887223,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"What you need is u\"http:\/\/www.besondere-raumd\u00fcfte.de\/\".encode('idna'). Please note how the source string is a Unicode constant (the u prefix).\nThe result is an URL usable with urlopen().\nIf you have a domain name with non-ASCII characters and the rest of the URL contains non-ASCII characters, you need to .encode('idna') the domain part and iri2uri() the rest.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,unicode,urllib2,urlopen","A_Id":9889366,"CreationDate":"2012-03-27T09:56:00.000","Title":"How to request a url with non-unicode carachters on main domainname (not params) in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using urllib2.urlopen() to open sometimes potentially large files. I have a signal handler to catch SIGTERM, but is it possible to actually interrupt urlopen() when it's downloading a big file to close my program immediately, without waiting for the call to finish?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":396,"Q_Id":9897647,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"urlopen returns a file-like object. Data is only sent over the network when you make a .read() request on this object. (Your OS does some buffering of network data, so this isn't strictly true, but it's close enough for all practical purposes.)\nSo simply use the .read() method's capability to read data in chunks using a loop, perhaps 16K or 64K at a time, rather than retrieving the whole file at once. In your signal handler, then, you can close the file-like object and the file will stop downloading after the current chunk finishes. The smaller the chunk you use, the less latency there will be in stopping the download.\nI'd use a global variable to hold the reference to file-like object so it is accessible in your signal handler; in this case it seems like the simplest solution.\nIf you should happen to try to read from the file-like object after closing it, you will get an exception, which you can handle gracefully.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,signals,urllib2,sigterm","A_Id":9897777,"CreationDate":"2012-03-27T21:01:00.000","Title":"Python: interrupting urllib2.urlopen() with SIGTERM","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way in a browser, to type python code into an input field, it will then be sent to a local server and executed and the result pushed back to the browser.\nBasically a browser hosted python notebook, where the code gets evaluated on a different machine.\nIs there any python package to do this. \nsomething like what ideone.com or picloud do, but opensource and that can install on your own server.\nOr any suggestions on how to do it, I have looked around already but have struggled to find something meaningful.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":92,"Q_Id":9899180,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I haven't tried myself. You may want to check out ipython notebook.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,cloud","A_Id":9899346,"CreationDate":"2012-03-27T23:32:00.000","Title":"cloud scripting through browser and evaluate python on server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm making an application in Python and using Amazon Web Services in some modules.\nI'm now hard coding my AWS access id and secret key in *.py file. Or might move them out to an configuration file in future.\nBut there's a problem, how can I protect AWS information form other people? As I know python is a language that easy to de-compile. \nIs there a way to do this? \n\nWell what I'm making is an app to help user upload\/download stuff from cloud. I'm using Amazon S3 as cloud storage. As I know Dropbox also using S3 so I'm wondering how they protects the key.\n\nAfter a day's research I found something.\nI'm now using boto (an AWS library for python). I can use a function of 'generate_url(X)' to get a url for the app to accessing the object in S3. The url will be expired in X seconds.\nSo I can build a web service for my apps to provide them the urls. The AWS keys will not be set into the app but into the web service.\nIt sounds great, but so far I only can download objects with this function, upload doesn't work. Any body knows how to use it for uploading?\n\nDoes anyone here know how to use key.generate_url() of boto to get a temporary url for uploading stuff to S3?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6307,"Q_Id":9926825,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Don't put it in applications you plan to distribute.  It'll be visible and they can launch instances that are directly billable to you or worst..they can take down instances if you use it in production.\nI would look at your programs design and seriously question why I need to include that information in the app.  If you post more details on the design I'm sure we can help you figure out a way in which you don't need to bundle this information.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services","A_Id":9928772,"CreationDate":"2012-03-29T13:54:00.000","Title":"How can I protect my AWS access id and secret key in my python application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm making a server which is controlled by php scripts, i have clients (androidphones) who calls these script to control the server. I'm saving the ip's the php receives to the DB. \nnow i'm looking for a way to check if these ip's are still reachable..\nthis is what i tried so far:\n\nCron job -> i'm developing with usbwebserver so i cant use php from cmd \nmake a ping request to the ip from the php script: if available it will return rather \"fast\" but if it fails i get the maximum excution error. this way of working get me the results i want but without the possibilty of threading this, this solution isnt going to perform in time as i wanted. is there a way this approach could work?\nsomething i'm considering:      -\n\nmake a request to de device through http, and do something with the result i get back, is this even possible (making a request from server to client)?   \nmaking a python script that gets the ip from db and makes the ping calls and stores the results back into the db. \nmaking timestamps when a device connects and check timestamps from other devices, if max time was exceeded then update DB\n\n\nany suggestions?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":692,"Q_Id":9942423,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This will not work, as you will always must have your client responding. I suggest using the client (eg. in html using javascript) to make a connection (ping) every minute from your script on the client to your server, and in your cronjobs letting a script run every x minutes to update the clients that didn't within x.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,mysql,request,ip","A_Id":9942581,"CreationDate":"2012-03-30T11:54:00.000","Title":"PHP make a request check if client is available via ip","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm making a server which is controlled by php scripts, i have clients (androidphones) who calls these script to control the server. I'm saving the ip's the php receives to the DB. \nnow i'm looking for a way to check if these ip's are still reachable..\nthis is what i tried so far:\n\nCron job -> i'm developing with usbwebserver so i cant use php from cmd \nmake a ping request to the ip from the php script: if available it will return rather \"fast\" but if it fails i get the maximum excution error. this way of working get me the results i want but without the possibilty of threading this, this solution isnt going to perform in time as i wanted. is there a way this approach could work?\nsomething i'm considering:      -\n\nmake a request to de device through http, and do something with the result i get back, is this even possible (making a request from server to client)?   \nmaking a python script that gets the ip from db and makes the ping calls and stores the results back into the db. \nmaking timestamps when a device connects and check timestamps from other devices, if max time was exceeded then update DB\n\n\nany suggestions?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":692,"Q_Id":9942423,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is absolutely no point in such checking.\nYou will always have these IPs UP.\nJust because an android client seldom have a real IP but using Net via some router\/proxy.\nWeb is one-way road.\nTo implement a heart-beat feature you have to make your android clients to ping server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,mysql,request,ip","A_Id":9942749,"CreationDate":"2012-03-30T11:54:00.000","Title":"PHP make a request check if client is available via ip","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am a newborn programmer still programming from the book on my Alt+Tab. One of the first programs I want to create is to help my mom in her work. I need to know if I can use Python to create it.\nIt needs to:\n\nGo on-line and log-in with account \/ pass.\nDo a search with specific criteria (use the site's search engine)\nView all the results and pick only the newest ones.\nSort them out.\nNotify me so that the newest adds are noticed the moment they are posted on the website.\n\nFrom what I see the site says : .cgi in the end.\nI know python can connect, download the text from a page and sort the wanted info, but can it log in, use the search engine and pick the options I need?\nI don't want to skip my learning process, but I am so serious about this project I am ready to put Python on hold and start learning some language that can do it!\nI will very much appreciate your guidance!\nThank you for your time!\nAJ","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10966,"Q_Id":9945206,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If I understand well, the idea of your program is to do an automated browsing session.\nSo yes, it's possible. It's not important in what the website is programmed (cgi, php etc). All you need is to send data through post\/get (like a real browser) and process the return (regexp and so on).\nGood luck","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,automation,notifications","A_Id":9945337,"CreationDate":"2012-03-30T14:45:00.000","Title":"Can web automation be done in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a newborn programmer still programming from the book on my Alt+Tab. One of the first programs I want to create is to help my mom in her work. I need to know if I can use Python to create it.\nIt needs to:\n\nGo on-line and log-in with account \/ pass.\nDo a search with specific criteria (use the site's search engine)\nView all the results and pick only the newest ones.\nSort them out.\nNotify me so that the newest adds are noticed the moment they are posted on the website.\n\nFrom what I see the site says : .cgi in the end.\nI know python can connect, download the text from a page and sort the wanted info, but can it log in, use the search engine and pick the options I need?\nI don't want to skip my learning process, but I am so serious about this project I am ready to put Python on hold and start learning some language that can do it!\nI will very much appreciate your guidance!\nThank you for your time!\nAJ","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10966,"Q_Id":9945206,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would point out that depending upon what site you are on, there may be a more efficient way (perhaps an exposed web service) than scraping data from the page and working with mechanize\/selenium to do what you want.  If you are on the web, browser driver tools are the hammers, and they will get the screws in the wood, but sometimes another tool will work better.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,automation,notifications","A_Id":9945530,"CreationDate":"2012-03-30T14:45:00.000","Title":"Can web automation be done in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a python program to get rsa public key. Is there a way to get it via paramiko or I just read it like plain text and with the assumption from id_rsa.pub?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":215,"Q_Id":9946744,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you don't know where the public key file is located, Paramiko can't help you either - it also needs you to specify where it is.  You can of course try the usual places (starting by parsing ~\/.ssh\/config if available), but you don't need Paramiko for that.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssh,paramiko","A_Id":9947158,"CreationDate":"2012-03-30T16:18:00.000","Title":"Can we get public key using Paramiko? Or just read it like plain text?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would appreciate some help here.\nGoogle checkout has many ways to send it checkout data. I am using the XML server-to-server.\nI have everything ready and now I want to throw some xml at google. I have been doing some reading and I know of a couple of ways to do this, one with urllib, another with pyCurl, but I am using django over here and I searched the Django api for some way to POST data to another site and I havent fallen upon anything. I really would like to use the django way, if there is one because I feel it would be more fluid and right, but if you all don't know of any way I will probably use urllib.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":471,"Q_Id":9951216,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"urllib2 is the appropriate way to post data if you're looking for python standard library.  Django doesn't provide a specific method to do this (as well as it shouldn't).  Django goes out of it's way to not simply reinvent tools that already exist in the the standard library (except email...), so you should never really fear using something out of the python standard library.\nrequests is also great, but not standard library.  Nothing wrong with that though.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,post","A_Id":9951986,"CreationDate":"2012-03-30T22:35:00.000","Title":"Posting data to another Site with Django","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a small website hosted by my university. The policy is that no server side scripting language (e.g. PHP, etc.) is enabled, hence websites are either static or can use client side scripting (e.g. javascript, etc.). I also can't touch the server\/configure it\/install things.\nAnyway, I wanted to add some data from other websites (namely, google scholar citations) that I manage to scrape with Python+lxml, dynamically.\nIs there any way I can have these data dynamically queried - on the client side of course?\nI tried using IronPython to embed my Python code in my webpage, but it was complaining about failing to find the lxml imported library. But a similar solution would be great.\nOr a library in pure javascript which allows for opening and parsing external webpages...?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":682,"Q_Id":9978862,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Given the server limitation, I would run those scripts locally to generate HTML, and push that static output onto your server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,ironpython,client-side","A_Id":9979094,"CreationDate":"2012-04-02T15:08:00.000","Title":"Alternative to a server side scripting language for scraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing a web crawler that processes multiple URLs at the same time and works in the following way:\n\nIt gets a URL from a list of URLs included in seed_list.txt, \nIt crawls it and write the data into data.txt;\n\njust like how most of web crawlers work.\nWhen I make it single-threaded, I can get the data in data.txt in the same order with that of the URLs in seed_list.txt, but when it's multi-threaded, I don't seem able to control it, as each thread writes the data to data.txt once it is finished.\nIs there a way I can make my web crawler multi-threaded but keep the original order?\nThank you very much! \n\n@Lance, Ignacio, and Maksym,\nthank you all for your help - your answers definitely point me in the right direction.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":167,"Q_Id":9980517,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could create a class that has an index number of the line from seed_list.txt, the URL, and where the data from the web. An object of this type can be created with the line number and URL, then it is passed to the worker thread which will put the data into the object, and then the object is passed to a write thread which will order the objects by the line number and output the data as necessary.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,python-2.7","A_Id":9980811,"CreationDate":"2012-04-02T16:57:00.000","Title":"Processing Order of Python's Threading Module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a web crawler that processes multiple URLs at the same time and works in the following way:\n\nIt gets a URL from a list of URLs included in seed_list.txt, \nIt crawls it and write the data into data.txt;\n\njust like how most of web crawlers work.\nWhen I make it single-threaded, I can get the data in data.txt in the same order with that of the URLs in seed_list.txt, but when it's multi-threaded, I don't seem able to control it, as each thread writes the data to data.txt once it is finished.\nIs there a way I can make my web crawler multi-threaded but keep the original order?\nThank you very much! \n\n@Lance, Ignacio, and Maksym,\nthank you all for your help - your answers definitely point me in the right direction.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":167,"Q_Id":9980517,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Create an additional thread that is responsible for enumerating results from each of the crawler threads.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,python-2.7","A_Id":9980555,"CreationDate":"2012-04-02T16:57:00.000","Title":"Processing Order of Python's Threading Module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a web crawler that processes multiple URLs at the same time and works in the following way:\n\nIt gets a URL from a list of URLs included in seed_list.txt, \nIt crawls it and write the data into data.txt;\n\njust like how most of web crawlers work.\nWhen I make it single-threaded, I can get the data in data.txt in the same order with that of the URLs in seed_list.txt, but when it's multi-threaded, I don't seem able to control it, as each thread writes the data to data.txt once it is finished.\nIs there a way I can make my web crawler multi-threaded but keep the original order?\nThank you very much! \n\n@Lance, Ignacio, and Maksym,\nthank you all for your help - your answers definitely point me in the right direction.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":167,"Q_Id":9980517,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can run a special thread which outputs data and interact with it through a queue. I mean your 'crawling' thread will not write a result to a text file but put it to the queue.\nThis 'output' thread can sort\/filter your results.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,python-2.7","A_Id":9980948,"CreationDate":"2012-04-02T16:57:00.000","Title":"Processing Order of Python's Threading Module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to get the content of URL bar (of currently opened tab) of Firefox using Python. I've found few solutions for Windows (using libraries such as pywin32) but I need it for GNU\/Linux (if available then multi-platform way is the most preferred, of course). I have also found ways doing it by installing add-on for Firefox but I want user to install only Python and (when it's needed) libraries for it [Python].","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":283,"Q_Id":10029355,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You might have some luck with DBus, although I don't know if it is provided in a standard install.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,firefox,gnu","A_Id":10029542,"CreationDate":"2012-04-05T13:16:00.000","Title":"Python - How to get the Firefox's URL bar content in GNU\/Linux?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was able to get attributes about an user by doing queries on LDAP using Python ldap but I don't know how to obtain his DN.\nRemark: Doing CN=sAMAccount,base_dn) is not valid because the user can be somewhere in another sub-tree.\nWhich is the proper way of getting the DN for an user for which I do have the sAMAccount?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1443,"Q_Id":10054878,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The search result contains:\n\nA list of search result entries. Each search result entry in the list contains the distinguished name of the entry and a (partial) attribute list\n\nor\n\nA list of search result references. Each search result reference contains a sequence of URIs\n\nAfter the entries or references comes a single search result done message.\nTherefore, if any entries matched, they are returned in the list of search result entries, each of which contains the distinguished name of the entry that was matched. Your python API documentation should contain information as to how to extract the distinguished name of the entry that matched.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,active-directory,ldap","A_Id":10056144,"CreationDate":"2012-04-07T13:24:00.000","Title":"How do I get the full DN, distinguishedName of an user with python ldap?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to build a simple email client with python and IMAPClient. The problem is that the folder names aren't uniform for all servers.\nIf i mark an e-mail as spam, it has to be moved to the spam\/junk folder from the inbox folder (?) .. but i am unable to do that because i don't know what the folder name would be (Spam or INBOX.junk or [Gmail]\/Spam )\nHow do other email clients work with varying folder names ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1797,"Q_Id":10064769,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"They try a lot of possibilities, let you choose one and\/or create one ;)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,email,imap","A_Id":10064803,"CreationDate":"2012-04-08T17:24:00.000","Title":"Identifying IMAP mail folders (spam,sent...), folder names vary with servers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to build a simple email client with python and IMAPClient. The problem is that the folder names aren't uniform for all servers.\nIf i mark an e-mail as spam, it has to be moved to the spam\/junk folder from the inbox folder (?) .. but i am unable to do that because i don't know what the folder name would be (Spam or INBOX.junk or [Gmail]\/Spam )\nHow do other email clients work with varying folder names ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1797,"Q_Id":10064769,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Roundcube have this in both the server and user configuration. I don't know about other mail clients, but I guess they either use heuretics, either by just looking at what folders there are or by using knowledge about the particular IMAP server.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,email,imap","A_Id":10064809,"CreationDate":"2012-04-08T17:24:00.000","Title":"Identifying IMAP mail folders (spam,sent...), folder names vary with servers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to build a simple email client with python and IMAPClient. The problem is that the folder names aren't uniform for all servers.\nIf i mark an e-mail as spam, it has to be moved to the spam\/junk folder from the inbox folder (?) .. but i am unable to do that because i don't know what the folder name would be (Spam or INBOX.junk or [Gmail]\/Spam )\nHow do other email clients work with varying folder names ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1797,"Q_Id":10064769,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I believe that for common EMail providers they have a mapping as to what that provider uses by default (gmail, hotmail, exchange etc.).\nAnother way of doing it is to let the user decide first time, persist the setting for that account and not ask again.\nMixed approach would be to try and detect all common variations and use the first valid one you encounter. If there are more then one simply allow user to choose.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,email,imap","A_Id":10064811,"CreationDate":"2012-04-08T17:24:00.000","Title":"Identifying IMAP mail folders (spam,sent...), folder names vary with servers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Exception: ERROR: Element xpath=\/\/*[@id='seriesNwsHldr']\/div[2]\/p[1]\/a not found.\n\nI checked in Fierbug. The path is correct but I don't know what's the reason for this test case to fail.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":146,"Q_Id":10068871,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It looks like a problem of timing. May be you can intentionally add wait time till the element appears on the page. \nAnother possibility is that element which you are trying to interact is hidden. \nWould be great if you can post errors you are getting when you test fails.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xpath,selenium-rc","A_Id":10233957,"CreationDate":"2012-04-09T04:24:00.000","Title":"sel.click(\"xpath=\/\/*[@id='seriesNwsHldr']\/div[2]\/p[1]\/a\") is not working","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Exception: ERROR: Element xpath=\/\/*[@id='seriesNwsHldr']\/div[2]\/p[1]\/a not found.\n\nI checked in Fierbug. The path is correct but I don't know what's the reason for this test case to fail.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":146,"Q_Id":10068871,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Can I have the site for checking?\nBTW sometimes you should to wait the loading of the page, so you need to do before of this action an instructions like:\nclickAndWait(30000)\nin my cases it solves a lotof problems :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xpath,selenium-rc","A_Id":10234023,"CreationDate":"2012-04-09T04:24:00.000","Title":"sel.click(\"xpath=\/\/*[@id='seriesNwsHldr']\/div[2]\/p[1]\/a\") is not working","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a problem regarding with session handling in Chrome and Firefox. When in authenticate to a website and I closed it and reopen the home page in Firefox it shows my name . But when I do the same thing in chrome it didnt show my name . it shows as guest. The session for this site implemented by tipfy. do I have to configure the session management?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":308,"Q_Id":10069594,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"check the Tipfy session configuration attributes, Check the path attribute '\/' you need to do some modification their","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,firefox,google-chrome,tipfy","A_Id":10085230,"CreationDate":"2012-04-09T06:10:00.000","Title":"Session Handling in Chrome and Firefox","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a newbie in python sockets and am really troubled by the stubbornness of the socket.accept() method. I really need a way of ending a socket.accept() method or any other alternative to socket.accept() which runs one time only.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":18731,"Q_Id":10090236,"Users Score":16,"Answer":"You have several options here:\n\nClose the listening socket from another thread - the accept() will raise an exception if it fails.\nOpen a local connection to the listening socket - that makes the accept() return by design.\nUse an accept mechanism that can block on more than one synchronization object so that the wait can be signaled to return without a connection.\nUse a non-blocking alternative to accept(), (async like AcceptEx() and overlapped IO on Windows).","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":10090348,"CreationDate":"2012-04-10T13:59:00.000","Title":"How to stop a python socket.accept() call?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to navigate though a website that is written mostly in Javascript. There are no hard links at all, as the page is simply modified through the script. I can do what I need to using Javascript injections one after another, but chrome starts searching for my input instead of injecting it after a certain string length. I've tried to use frames to do this in HTML, but chrome won't let me use Javascript inside the frame since the source is from a different domain. Is there a good way that I can do this? I've looked into using Java or Python, but I don't see anything that lets you work with Javascript.\nEDIT: Thanks for telling me about different software, but I don't want to use other third-party software. I would really like to know how to execute Javascript injections in a systematic manner from a HTML page. I can do it from the browser, so why can't I do it from an HTML document?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":343,"Q_Id":10098963,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can use a tool like Selenium to emulate a user clicking things in a web browser (I believe it actually \"drives\" a real instance of whatever browser you choose.)\nSelenium has a domain-specific language for specifying what actions you want to perform, and Python bindings for controlling it programmatically. I haven't actually used it, so I can't say much more about it, but you should go check it out.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,javascript,python,html,navigation","A_Id":10099151,"CreationDate":"2012-04-11T02:09:00.000","Title":"How do I navigate a website through software?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a cgi script wrote in Python that is receiving some complex http request, one that could be POST or GET.\nI am looking for a simple way to log the request in some way so I can replay it later any number of times I want.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":91,"Q_Id":10131506,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Seems you're looking to cache queries made to your site. \nAfter calculating a response, save a record with the request url, method, params, and response in a your preferred storage.\nDepending on your environment and the number of requests, your may choose a database or filesystem. \nHowever, you need to take into account that some of the result data may change, in which case you'd need to remove cached data that depend on that data.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,cgi","A_Id":40729146,"CreationDate":"2012-04-12T20:44:00.000","Title":"How can I save a HTTP request from a python cgi scripts so I can easily repeat it?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For example:\nI have a task named \"URLDownload\", the task's function is download a large file from internet.\nNow I have a Worker Process running, but have about 1000 files to download.\nIt is easy for a Client Process to create 1000 task, and send them to Gearman Server.\nMy Question is the Worker Process will do the task one by one, or it will accept multi-tasks at one time,\nIf the Worker Process can accept multi-tasks, So How can I limit the task-pool-size in Worker Process.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":594,"Q_Id":10134617,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Workers process one request at a time. You have a few options:\n1) You can run multiple workers (this is the most common method). Workers sit in poll() when they aren't processing so this model works pretty well.\n2) Write a fork() implementation around the worker. This way you can fire up a set number of worker processes, but don't have to monitor multiple processes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"gearman,python-gearman","A_Id":10164124,"CreationDate":"2012-04-13T02:45:00.000","Title":"is PYTHON Gearman Worker accept multi-tasks","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The goal is to collect the MAC address of the connected local NIC,\nnot a list of all local NICs :) \nBy using socket and connect (to_a_website),\nI can just use getsockname() to get the IP,\nthat is being used to connect to the Internet. \nBut from the IP how can I then get the MAC address of the local NIC ? \nMain reason for the question is if there are multiple NICs.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8993,"Q_Id":10137594,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Another roundabout way to get a systems mac id is to use the ping command to ping the system's name then performing an arp -a request against the ip address that was pinged. the downfall to doing it that way thou is you need to write the ping response into the memory of python and performing a readline operation to retrieve the ip address and then writing the corresponding arp data into memory while writing the system name, ip address, and mac id to the machine in question to either the display or to a test file.\nIm trying to do something similar as a system verification check to improve the automation of a test procedure and the script is in python for the time being.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,ethernet","A_Id":16929947,"CreationDate":"2012-04-13T08:30:00.000","Title":"Python - Get MAC address of only the connected local NIC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an application I am developing on top of GAE, using Python APIs. I am using the local development server right now. The application involves parsing large block of XML data received from outside service. \nSo the question is - is there an easy way to get this XML data exported out of the GAE application - e.g., in regular app I would just write it to a temp file, but in GAE app I can not do that. So what could I do instead? I can not easily run all the code that produces the service call outside of GAE since it uses some GAE functions to create the call, but it would be much easier if I could take the XML result out and develop\/test the parser part outside and then put it back to GAE app. \nI tried to log it using logging and then extract it from the console, but when XML is getting big it doesn't work well. I know there's bulk data import\/export APIs but seems to be an overkill for extracting just this one piece of information to write it to data store and then export the whole store. So how to do it in the best way?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":10152055,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"How about writing the XML data to the blobstore and then write a handler that uses send_blob to download to your local file system? \nYou can use the files API to write to the blobstore from you application.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine","A_Id":10152181,"CreationDate":"2012-04-14T08:01:00.000","Title":"Getting a piece of information from development GAE server to local filesystem","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to access and parse  a website at work using Python. The sites authorization is done via siteminder, so the usual urllib\/urllib2 user password does not work.\nDoes anyone have an idea how to do that?\nThanks\nNoamM","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2741,"Q_Id":10169500,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Agree with Martin - you need to just replicate what the browser does. Siteminder will pass you a token once successfully authenticated. I have to do this as well, will post once I find a good way.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,url,web,siteminder","A_Id":19700519,"CreationDate":"2012-04-16T06:19:00.000","Title":"Use Python\/urllib to access web sites with \"siteminder\" authentication?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using shutil.copy() to transfer files from one server to another server on a network, both Windows.\nI have used shutil and os modules for lot of automation tasks but confined to local machine. Are there better approaches to transfer file (I mean in terms of performance) from one server to another?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1457,"Q_Id":10196803,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"for lot of automation tasks but confined to local machine use fabric","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,windows","A_Id":10197024,"CreationDate":"2012-04-17T18:22:00.000","Title":"Transferring files between Windows Servers using shutil copy\/move","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have developed a few python programs that I want to make available online. \nI am new to web services, and I am not sure what I need to do in order to create a service where somebody makes a request to an URL (for example), and the URL triggers a Python program that displays something in the user's browser, or a set of inputs are given to the program via browser, and then python does whatver it is supposed to do.\nI was playing with the google app engine, which runs fine with the tutorial, and was planning to use it becuase it looks easy, but the problem with GAE is that it does not work well (or does not work at all) with some libraries that I plan to use.\nI guess what I am trying to do is some sort of API using my WebFaction account.\nCan anybody point me in the right directions? What choices do I have in WebFaction? What are the easiest tools available?\nThank you very much for your help in advance.\nCheers","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":597,"Q_Id":10199697,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Well, your question is a little bit generic, but here are a few pointers\/tips:\n\nWebfaction allows you to install pretty much anything you want (you need to compile it \/ or ask the admins to install some CentOS package for you).\nThey provide some default Apache server with mod_wsgi, so you can run web2py, Django or any other wsgi frameworks.\nMost popular Python web frameworks have available installers in Webfaction (web2py, django...), so I would recommend you to go with one of them.\nI would also install supervisord to keep your service running after some reboot\/crash\/problem.\n\nI would be glad to help you if you have any specific question...","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-services,api","A_Id":10332534,"CreationDate":"2012-04-17T21:49:00.000","Title":"RESTful Web service or API for a Python program in WebFaction","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"All the forks of gevent-socketio in bitbucket and github have examples\/chat.py that do not work.\nCan anyone find me a working example of gevent-socketio?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7663,"Q_Id":10204230,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"what browser do you use. I saw this behavior with IE. both Mozilla and chrome were fine. there were issues with the flashscket protocol which I have fixed so ie should work but the jquery UI does not work that is the issue. don't know enough JS to fix it","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,websocket,socket.io,gevent","A_Id":11271531,"CreationDate":"2012-04-18T06:46:00.000","Title":"Do anyone have a working example of gevent-socketio?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I check the status code of a request? I want to check what kind of redirects were used to access a page.\nFor response objects I would use *response.status_code*","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111,"Q_Id":10212293,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I might be wrong but there is no such thing as incoming request status code, application doing requests in case of redirect gets 302 from initial request checks location and do another request. And history of incoming request in shape of thing like \"traceroute\"  just don't exists in HTTP.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,http-status-codes","A_Id":10212363,"CreationDate":"2012-04-18T15:06:00.000","Title":"How to determine status code of request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Scrapy crawler to crawl over 100k pages website.  The speed is the big concern in this case.  Today I noticed that hxs.select('\/\/*').re('something') is way slower than hxs.select('\/\/script\/text()').re('something').  Can any expert explain to me why? \nAs I understand, the crawler should download the entire page no matter what xpath selector I use.  So the xpath should not affect the speed much at all.\nThanks a lot for any tips.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":410,"Q_Id":10217708,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This has nothing to do with download speed.\nXPath \/\/* selects the entire page. XPath \/\/script\/text() selects only text inside script elements. So of course the second one is faster, because there is less text to search with the re() call!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":10217884,"CreationDate":"2012-04-18T20:47:00.000","Title":"How does xpathselector affect the speed of scrapy crawl running?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Scrapy crawler to crawl over 100k pages website.  The speed is the big concern in this case.  Today I noticed that hxs.select('\/\/*').re('something') is way slower than hxs.select('\/\/script\/text()').re('something').  Can any expert explain to me why? \nAs I understand, the crawler should download the entire page no matter what xpath selector I use.  So the xpath should not affect the speed much at all.\nThanks a lot for any tips.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":410,"Q_Id":10217708,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"XPath definitely has a role in crawler speed, crawler download the page, but Xpath process the Html that crawler downloaded. so if the page is big then xpath will take time to process whole Html.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":10248266,"CreationDate":"2012-04-18T20:47:00.000","Title":"How does xpathselector affect the speed of scrapy crawl running?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Scrapy crawler to crawl over 100k pages website.  The speed is the big concern in this case.  Today I noticed that hxs.select('\/\/*').re('something') is way slower than hxs.select('\/\/script\/text()').re('something').  Can any expert explain to me why? \nAs I understand, the crawler should download the entire page no matter what xpath selector I use.  So the xpath should not affect the speed much at all.\nThanks a lot for any tips.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":410,"Q_Id":10217708,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I am afraid that you might look for 'something' in the entire document, so you probably should still use hxs.select('\/\/*').re('something').\nAnd about the speed question: the answer is that if you look for the word 'something' in a document which is 4k large, of course it will take longer then filtering the document for text() and after looking for that word within that text.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":10217990,"CreationDate":"2012-04-18T20:47:00.000","Title":"How does xpathselector affect the speed of scrapy crawl running?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am doing some R&D on selenium+python. I wrote some test cases in python using selenium webdriver and unittest module. I want to know how can I create report of the test cases. Is there inbuilt solution available in selenium or I need to code to generate file.\nOr is there any other web testing framework with javascript support available in python which have reporting functionality.\nI am basically new to python as well as selenium. Just trying to explore.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24481,"Q_Id":10218679,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"My experience has been that any sufficiently useful test framework will end up needing a customized logging solution.  You are going to end up wanting domain specific and context relevant information, and the pre-baked solutions never really fit the bill by virtue of being specifically designed to be generic and broadly applicable.  If you are already using Python, I'd suggest looking in to the logging module and learning how to write Handlers and Formatters.  It's actually pretty straight forward, and you will end up getting better results than trying to shoehorn the logging you need in to some selenium-centric module.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":10218792,"CreationDate":"2012-04-18T21:59:00.000","Title":"Selenium+python Reporting","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I try to create a related field on OpenERP 6.0.1 . is it possible to define two different onetomany relationfor the same field name? What all changes i must do in the(.py file and XML Files).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":759,"Q_Id":10222493,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No you cannot do that: \n\nthe field names are keys in a Python dictionary, in what you write the second invoice_line will overwrite the first one\nthis would mess up OpenERP's ORM anyway as it does not handle relations to different tables. \n\nSo you need two different columns, one relative to account.invoice.line and the other to account.service.line. If you really need a merged view, then you can add a function field which will return the union of the invoice and service lines found by the two previous fields. But I'm not sure the forms will be able to handle this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,openerp","A_Id":10224838,"CreationDate":"2012-04-19T06:05:00.000","Title":"onetomany relation field in Openerp","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm attempting to get the user's IP from inside of my upload handler, but it seems that the only IP supplied is 0.1.0.30. Is there any way around this or any way to get the user's actual IP from inside of the upload handler?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":204,"Q_Id":10227042,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Try checking for user IP at the point where you generate upload url via create_upload_url().\nThe upload handler is actually called by Blobstore upload logic after the upload is done, hence the strange IP.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"google-app-engine,python-2.7,blobstore","A_Id":10227981,"CreationDate":"2012-04-19T11:28:00.000","Title":"How can I get a user's IP from a Blobstore upload handler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a script that sends a time-sensitive notification to users when there is a new question directed to them. However, I found that some people leave their computers open and go grab lunch, therefore missing notifications.\nI'm looking to put together a script that detects if the user is idle for 5 minutes, and if so, it would show them as 'offline' and close down notifications. \nI was curious if it is possible to detect inactivity even across tabs? (for example if a user switches to another tab to Facebook.com and stays active there, they would be seen as 'active' even though they are not on our webpage specifically).","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3773,"Q_Id":10234885,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Store their last activity in a database table when they are active.  You can use mouse movement, keypresses, or some other activity to update the timestamp.  Periodically poll that table with an ajax call on the page on which the user would see their online\/offline status.  If the last active time is > 5 minutes, show them as offline or idle.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,detect,python-idle","A_Id":10234996,"CreationDate":"2012-04-19T18:55:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to detect idle time even across tabs?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a script that sends a time-sensitive notification to users when there is a new question directed to them. However, I found that some people leave their computers open and go grab lunch, therefore missing notifications.\nI'm looking to put together a script that detects if the user is idle for 5 minutes, and if so, it would show them as 'offline' and close down notifications. \nI was curious if it is possible to detect inactivity even across tabs? (for example if a user switches to another tab to Facebook.com and stays active there, they would be seen as 'active' even though they are not on our webpage specifically).","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3773,"Q_Id":10234885,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Everything that happens when the user is NOT on your side is impossible to track (luckily).\nSo not this is not possible (think about the security).\nUPDATE\nNow that I think of it. It is possible, however very unlikely that you can do it. If your name would have been Google you would have come a long way, because lots of websites use Google analytics. But other than that: NO not possible for reasons mentioned.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,detect,python-idle","A_Id":10235006,"CreationDate":"2012-04-19T18:55:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to detect idle time even across tabs?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a script that sends a time-sensitive notification to users when there is a new question directed to them. However, I found that some people leave their computers open and go grab lunch, therefore missing notifications.\nI'm looking to put together a script that detects if the user is idle for 5 minutes, and if so, it would show them as 'offline' and close down notifications. \nI was curious if it is possible to detect inactivity even across tabs? (for example if a user switches to another tab to Facebook.com and stays active there, they would be seen as 'active' even though they are not on our webpage specifically).","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3773,"Q_Id":10234885,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"if I am on such a thing I use either the HTML5 Visibility API or fallback to blur and focus events observing when the user left the page and then returns... leaving means unfocus the browser window or tab (but still keeping the page open)\nbut since you wanna react on inactivity... hmmm you could start a timeout (of course that would need a global event delegation for many events to stop it if something happens like submit, click, change, mousemove and so on)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,detect,python-idle","A_Id":10235004,"CreationDate":"2012-04-19T18:55:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to detect idle time even across tabs?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to set up a page that will let the user upload a file, modify the file with a script, and then serve the file back to the user.\nI have the uploading and modifying parts down, but I don't know where to put the file. They are going to be in the area of 1 or 2mb, and I have very little space on my webhosting plan, so I want to get rid of the files as soon as possible. There's no reason for the files to exist any longer than after the users are given the option to download by their browser upon being redirected. \nIs the only way to this with a cron job that checks the creation time of the files and deletes them if they're a certain age?\nI'm working with python and PHP.\nedit:\nFirst the file is uploaded. Then the location of the file is sent back to the user. The javascript on the page redirects to the path of the file. The browser opens save file dialog, and they choose to save the file or cancel. If they cancel, I want to delete the file immediately. If they choose to save the file, I want to delete the file once their download has completed.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":136,"Q_Id":10241950,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know why I didn't think of it, but I was on an IRC for Python, discussing a completely unrelated issue, and someone asked why I didn't just serve the file. Exactly! \nI never needed to save the file, just to send it back to the user with the correct header. Problem solved!","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,temporary-files","A_Id":10266536,"CreationDate":"2012-04-20T07:23:00.000","Title":"Store file for duration of time on webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm new to cgi and python, so I've been making quite a few mistakes. The problem is that if something goes wrong with the script, I just get a 500 error on the webpage. The only way I can see what caused the error is by executing the page via ssh, but the page involves file uploads, so I can't test that part.\nIs there a way I can output Python errors to a file?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2081,"Q_Id":10253898,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"there are a couple of options, use the logging module as directed, you can tail the server's error log, and you can enable cgitb with import cgitb; cgitb.enable()\nDepending on exactly where the error occurs, the error will show up in different places, so checking all three, and using print statements and exception blocks helps to debug your code.\nWith file uploads, I've found I have to explicitly state enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\" in the form tag or it breaks, often quietly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cgi","A_Id":10254010,"CreationDate":"2012-04-20T21:37:00.000","Title":"Logging python errors on website?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to know how I would have a python web scrape dump all of it's results into excel.\nIt's not that I don't know how to webscrape, it's just I do not know how to scrape into excel.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4830,"Q_Id":10255185,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"if you don't want to introduce a full excel library, you can write an HTML table or CSV and Excel will happily import those. The downside with this is that you're limited to one worksheet and no formulaes.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,excel,web-scraping","A_Id":10255232,"CreationDate":"2012-04-21T00:44:00.000","Title":"How to scrape in python into excel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to download a file that could be potentially quite large (300MB) that will later be saved locally. I don't want to read the remote file in one go to prevent excessive memory usage and intend to read the remote file in small chunks.\nIs there an optimum size for these chunks?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":404,"Q_Id":10307953,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends on what type of connection do you expect to use. I think, 64 Kb could be just enough.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,download","A_Id":10308010,"CreationDate":"2012-04-25T00:45:00.000","Title":"Downloading a file in chunks -- is there an optimal sized chunk?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my case I'm using the Dropbox API. Currently I'm storing the key and secret in a JSON file, just so that I can gitignore it and keep it out of the Github repo, but obviously that's no better than having it in the code from a security standpoint. There have been lots of questions about protecting\/obfuscating Python before (usually for commercial reasons) and the answer is always \"Don't, Python's not meant for that.\"\nThus, I'm not looking for a way of protecting the code but just a solution that will let me distribute my app without disclosing my API details.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5852,"Q_Id":10356870,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Plain text. Any obfuscation attempt is futile if the code gets distributed.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,api,dropbox-api,api-key","A_Id":10357811,"CreationDate":"2012-04-27T19:42:00.000","Title":"How should I store API keys in a Python app?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my case I'm using the Dropbox API. Currently I'm storing the key and secret in a JSON file, just so that I can gitignore it and keep it out of the Github repo, but obviously that's no better than having it in the code from a security standpoint. There have been lots of questions about protecting\/obfuscating Python before (usually for commercial reasons) and the answer is always \"Don't, Python's not meant for that.\"\nThus, I'm not looking for a way of protecting the code but just a solution that will let me distribute my app without disclosing my API details.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5852,"Q_Id":10356870,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Don't know if this is feasible in your case. But you can access the API via a proxy that you host.\nThe requests from the Python APP go to the proxy and the proxy makes the requests to the Dropbox API and returns the response to the Python app. This way your api key will be at the proxy that you're hosting. The access to the proxy can be controlled by any means you prefer. (For example username and password )","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,api,dropbox-api,api-key","A_Id":10360373,"CreationDate":"2012-04-27T19:42:00.000","Title":"How should I store API keys in a Python app?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my case I'm using the Dropbox API. Currently I'm storing the key and secret in a JSON file, just so that I can gitignore it and keep it out of the Github repo, but obviously that's no better than having it in the code from a security standpoint. There have been lots of questions about protecting\/obfuscating Python before (usually for commercial reasons) and the answer is always \"Don't, Python's not meant for that.\"\nThus, I'm not looking for a way of protecting the code but just a solution that will let me distribute my app without disclosing my API details.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5852,"Q_Id":10356870,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There are two ways depending on your scenario:\nIf you are developing a web application for end users, just host it in a way that your API key does not come to disclosure. So keeping it gitignored in a separate file and only upload it to your server should be fine (as long there is no breach to your server). Any obfuscation will not add any practical benefit, it will just give a false feeling of security.\nIf you are developing a framework\/library for developers or a client application for end users, ask them to generate an API key on their own.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,api,dropbox-api,api-key","A_Id":11080881,"CreationDate":"2012-04-27T19:42:00.000","Title":"How should I store API keys in a Python app?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Whats the purporse of using makefile() when working with Python Sockets??\nI can make a program works just with send() and recv() functions on Python. But i read that is better to use the makefile() method to buffer the data. I didn't understand this relation and differences...any help?\nTks !","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3003,"Q_Id":10372287,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can use makefile if you find the file interface of Python convenient. For example, you can then use methods like readlines on the socket (you'd have to implement it manually when using recv). This can be more convenient if sending text data on the socket, but YMMV.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":10372331,"CreationDate":"2012-04-29T12:54:00.000","Title":"Differences between makefile() and send() recv() Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to find a way to get all the sub-elements of an element tree like the way ElementTree.getchildren() does, since getchildren() is deprecated since Python version 2.7.\nI don't want to use it anymore, though I can still use it currently.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":103415,"Q_Id":10408927,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"in the pydoc it is mentioned to use list() method over the node to get child elements.\nlist(elem)","Q_Score":33,"Tags":"python,xml,elementtree","A_Id":51963017,"CreationDate":"2012-05-02T06:43:00.000","Title":"How to get all sub-elements of an element tree with Python ElementTree?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was looking for a Whois Api, but most of them charge heavy price and not reliable enough. We can code in Python or Php.\nWe need to make a Whois lookup service, to integrate with our site. What AWS Resource we need for this? We need at least 5k lookups per day.\nAWS provides: S3 , elastic, and others. We are confused. As Amazon provides free tire. Does it allow who is lookup? As google app engine never allowed this.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":766,"Q_Id":10447970,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The Amazon service you want to use is the server service: EC2.\nYou get full access to a server and, of course, you can performs socket connections on port 43 (the one required by the Whois protocol).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,amazon-web-services,whois","A_Id":10679625,"CreationDate":"2012-05-04T11:30:00.000","Title":"Amazon AWS For Whois?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to install some Python modules on my EC2 instance. I have the files I need for the installation on an S3 bucket. I can also connect from my EC2 instance to the S3 bucket through Python boto, but I cannot access the bucket contents to get the source files I need installed.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3321,"Q_Id":10461356,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Using s3cmd tools (http:\/\/s3tools.org\/s3cmd) it is possible to download\/upload files stored in buckets.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,amazon-ec2,amazon-web-services,boto","A_Id":10461505,"CreationDate":"2012-05-05T11:22:00.000","Title":"How can I navigate into S3 bucket folders from EC2 instance?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Twitter, Facebook and some other websites are blocked in my country.\nAnd I want to call the open API to do some hacking. I have searched but it can't solve my \nproblem. Any python libraries can help me sign the OAuth request through proxy and get \nthe access token ? \nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":771,"Q_Id":10483013,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am guessing you will have to set up your own proxy service for this, i.e set up your entire API and OAuth logic on a server outside your own country. If you call this proxy service from within your own country it is probably not apparent that you are actually communicating with Twitter. \nYou will need some sort of cryptographic layer between your client and your proxy\/relay service though to make it somewhat secure\/obscure. Your own request signing mechanism so to say, and your proxy\/relay endpoint should definitely talk (HTTPS\/SSL).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oauth,proxy","A_Id":10496221,"CreationDate":"2012-05-07T13:33:00.000","Title":"How can I sign OAuth with proxy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am having weird behaviors in my Python environment on Mac OS X Lion.\nApps like Sublime Text (based on Python) don't work (I initially thought it was an app bug),\nand now, after I installed hg-git, I get the following error every time I lauch HG in term: \n*** failed to import extension hggit from \/Library\/Frameworks\/Python.framework\/Versions\/2.7\/lib\/python2.7\/site-package\/hggit\/: [Errno 2] No such file\nor directory\nSo it probably is a Python environment set up error. Libraries and packages are there in place.\nAny idea how to fix it?\nNotes:\n\nI installed hg-git following hg-git web site directions.\nI also added the exact path to the extension in my .hgrc file as: hggit = \/Library\/Frameworks\/Python.framework\/Versions\/2.7\/lib\/python2.7\/site-package\/hggit\/\nPython was installed using official package on Python web site.\nEchoing $PYTHONPATH in term print anything","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2128,"Q_Id":10510450,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"\"site-package\"? Did you mean \"site-packages\"?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,mercurial,path,pythonpath","A_Id":10510460,"CreationDate":"2012-05-09T05:43:00.000","Title":"Python: Failed to import extension - Errno 2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"newbie here in need of help.\nUsing App Inventor amd App Engine.  Learning python as i go along. Still early days. Need to post text data from AI to app engine, save in blob store as file (.xml), to be emailed as an attachment. \nAm able to send pictures using Shival Wolfs wolfwebmail2, and am sure with a bit of playing with the code i can change it to save the text post as a file in blob store to do the same operation.\nAs stated newbie learning fast.\nMany thanks in advance for any pointers.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":265,"Q_Id":10522243,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The solution I found was to do nothing with shival wolfs code on app engine, and to replace the 'postfile' block in the app inventor code with a 'posttext' block with the text you want to send attached to it. Also change the filename variable to the name you want the file called including file type (i.e.  .xml, .csv, .txt etc). This appears to work for me.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,app-inventor","A_Id":10561318,"CreationDate":"2012-05-09T18:47:00.000","Title":"convert text post into xml file using python in google app engine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've got a website that I want to check to see if it was updated since the last check (using hash). The problem is that I need to enter a username and password before I can visit the site. \nIs there a way to input the username and the password using python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":11449,"Q_Id":10557475,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, it's possible to send the same info as the browser does. Depending on how the browser communicates with the server, it could be as simple as adding username and password as HTTP POST parameters. Other common methods are for the browser to send a hash of the password, or to log in with more than one step.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,networking,post","A_Id":10557539,"CreationDate":"2012-05-11T19:29:00.000","Title":"send post request python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to python and I need to know if there is and equivalent to perl's LWP and HTTP::Parse. I've a perl script to get the content from an URL and parsing it and I would like to port it to python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":909,"Q_Id":10558381,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Look at the Python modules httplib and urllib for the fetching part. There are a couple xml modules in Python for parsing. You could also look at BeautifulSoup which is not part of standard Python modules.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":10558645,"CreationDate":"2012-05-11T20:44:00.000","Title":"python equivalent to perl's LWP and HTTP::Parse","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a script, to help me do some repetitive testing of a bunch of URLs.\nI've written a python method in the script that it opens up the URL and sends a get request. I'm using Requests: HTTP for Humans -http:\/\/docs.python-requests.org\/en\/latest\/- api to handle the http calls. \nThere's the request.history that returns a list of status codes of the directs. I need to be able to access the particular redirects for those list of 301s. There doesn't seem to be a way to do this - to access and trace what my URLS are redirecting to. I want to be able to access the redirected URLS (status code 301) \nCan anyone offer any advice?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1706,"Q_Id":10560005,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Okay, I'm so silly. Here's the answer I was looking for \nr = requests.get(\"http:\/\/someurl\")\nr.history[1].url will return the URL","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,module,urllib2,httplib","A_Id":10569571,"CreationDate":"2012-05-12T00:10:00.000","Title":"Python trace URL get requests - using python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to scrape a website that has a basic folder system, with folders labled with keywords - some of the folders contain text files. I need to scan all the pages (folders) and check the links to new folders, record keywords and files. My main problem ise more abstract: if there is a directory with nested folders and unknown \"depth\", what is the most pythonc way to iterate through all of them. [if the \"depth\" would be known, it would be a really simple for loop). Ideas greatly appriciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":273,"Q_Id":10562380,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Recursion is usually the easiest way to go.\nHowever, that might give you a StackOverflowError after some time if someone creates a directory with a symlink to itself or a parent.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,iteration,web-scraping","A_Id":10562395,"CreationDate":"2012-05-12T09:07:00.000","Title":"HTML scraping: iterating through nested directories","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to make a redirect and keep what is the query string. Something like self.redirect plus the query parameters that was sent. Is that possible?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12957,"Q_Id":10569768,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"You can fetch the query string to the current request with self.request.query_string; thus you can redirect to a new URL with self.redirect('\/new\/url?' + self.request.query_string).","Q_Score":19,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,python-2.7,wsgi,webapp2","A_Id":10594001,"CreationDate":"2012-05-13T06:26:00.000","Title":"How to make a redirect and keep the query string?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a script which involves continuously analyzing data and outputting results in a multi-threaded way. So basically the result file(an xml file) is constantly being updated\/modified (sometimes 2-3 times\/per second). \nI'm currently using lxml to parse\/modify\/update the xml file, which works fine right now. But from what I can tell, you have to rewrite the whole xml file even sometimes you just add one entry\/sub-entry like <weather content=sunny \/> somewhere in the file. The xml file is growing bigger gradually, and so is the overhead. \nAs far as efficiency\/resource is concerned, any other way to update\/modify the xml file? Or you will have to switch to SQL database or similar some day when the xml file is too big to parse\/modify\/update?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":153,"Q_Id":10570615,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No you generally cannot - and not just XML files, any file format.\nYou can only update \"in place\" if you overwite bytes exactly (i.e. don't add or remove any characters, just replace some with something of the same byte length).\nUsing a form of database sounds like a good option.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,lxml","A_Id":10570673,"CreationDate":"2012-05-13T09:19:00.000","Title":"Are there ways to modify\/update xml files other than totally over writing the old file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a program using Python and OpenCV where I perform operations on a video stream in run time. It works fine. Now if I want to publish it on a website where someone can see this using their browser and webcam, how do I proceed?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":878,"Q_Id":10578763,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"not really sure what you want to happen but if your going to implement this kind of feature in a website I think you should use a flash application instead of python (or if possible html 5). though your using python on the development of you web app it would only run on the server side instead and the feature you want to use is on a client side so for me it's more feasible to use flash instead to capture the video then after capturing the video you upload it to your server then your python code will do the rest of the process on the server side.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,webcam","A_Id":10578877,"CreationDate":"2012-05-14T07:01:00.000","Title":"Access webcam over internet using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an issue when trying to test a web application with Selenium\/Python. Basically I can't test elements of a pop-up window. \nA scenario: I can test all elements for a page. But when I go to click on a button that opens up a small pop up box I can't test the elements on the popup. It's like the pop up isn't in focus or active. \nI can test elements on the next page. For example click a button, brings me on to next page, and I can work with elements on the 'next' page. So it the problem seems to be popup specific.\nI could post code but to be honest it might confuse at this stage. I may post code in a later post, thanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7687,"Q_Id":10580772,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For the Selenium RC API, you need to use the SelectWindow command to switch to the pop-up window.  The window can be specified either by its name (as specified on the JavaScript window.open() function) or its title.  To switch back to the main window, use SelectWindow(None).","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,html,selenium","A_Id":10586476,"CreationDate":"2012-05-14T09:36:00.000","Title":"Selenium: Testing pop-up windows","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to make a webform where you can give input as a file or to paste it into textarea. But when the same data arrives to bottle it is different. Data length from the textarea is larger when from file input. Why could this happen?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":111,"Q_Id":10588730,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would suspect formatting chars getting inserted on the textarea e.g(newline and carriage returns) might be the issue. Have you checked for this?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bottle","A_Id":10588776,"CreationDate":"2012-05-14T18:10:00.000","Title":"Why the same file differs from textarea and file input?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on python web scraping\nThe web page is polluted using iframe and the content is filled by ajax(jquery) \nI have tried using src of iframe(using lxml,.) but its of no use\nHow can i extract the content of the iframe using python modules\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1272,"Q_Id":10650676,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Splinter (http:\/\/splinter.cobrateam.info - uses selenium) makes browsing iframe elements easy. At least as long iframe tag has id attribute.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":10663615,"CreationDate":"2012-05-18T10:10:00.000","Title":"python web extraction of iframe (ajax ) content","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I find IP address of clients in python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":319,"Q_Id":10675029,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"In general, you can't. If someone has a different computer make a request on behalf of their computer, then you only get network information about the machine you receive the connection from.\nAn HTTP proxy might add a X-Forwarded-For header.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ip-address","A_Id":10675083,"CreationDate":"2012-05-20T16:08:00.000","Title":"How can I find real client ip address?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Python seems to have functions for copying files (e.g. shutil.copy) and functions for copying directories.This also works with network paths.\nIs there a way to copy only part of the file from multiple sources and merge them afterwards\nLike a download manager downloads parts of a single file from multiple sources increasing  the overall download speed.\nI want to achive the same over lan.\nI have a file on more than two machines on my network.\nHow could i copy parts of file to a single destination from multiple sources ?\nCan it be done with standard shutil libraries?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":358,"Q_Id":10717858,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Stat the file to find the size\nDivvy up the the start:end points that each reader will handle\nOpen your write file in binary mode\nOpen your readers in binary mode\nHandle the merging\/collating of data when writing it out","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,copy","A_Id":10717978,"CreationDate":"2012-05-23T10:15:00.000","Title":"copy parts of a file from multiple sources over LAN using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In a block comment, I want to reference a URL that is over 80 characters long.\nWhat is the preferred convention for displaying this URL?\nI know bit.ly is an option, but the URL itself is descriptive. Shortening it and then having a nested comment describing the shortened URL seems like a crappy solution.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24654,"Q_Id":10739843,"Users Score":54,"Answer":"You can use the # noqa at the end of the line to stop PEP8\/Flake8 from running that check.  This is allowed by PEP8 via:\n\nSpecial cases aren't special enough to break the rules.","Q_Score":100,"Tags":"python,pep8","A_Id":25034769,"CreationDate":"2012-05-24T14:47:00.000","Title":"How should I format a long url in a python comment and still be PEP8 compliant","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a python program, to work on windows, the program has heavy threading and I\/O, it heavily uses sockets in its I\/O to send and receive data from remote locations, other than that, it has some string manipulation using regular expressions.\nMy question is: performance wise, is python the best programming language for such a program, compared to for example Java, or C#? Is there another language that would better fit the description above?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1715,"Q_Id":10745931,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Your requirements are:\n\nto work on windows;\nthe program has heavy threading and I\/O\nit heavily uses sockets in its I\/O to send and receive data\nit has some string manipulation using regular expressions.\n\nThe reason it is hard to say definitively which is the best language for this task is that almost all languages match your requirements.\n\nWindows: all languages of notes\nHeavy use of threads: C#, Java, C, C++, Haskell, Scala, Clojure, Erlang. Processed-based threads or other work arounds: Ruby, Python, and other interpreted languages without true fine-grained concurrency.\nSockets: all languages of note\nRegexes: all languages of note\n\nThe most interesting constraint is the need to do massive concurrent IO. This means your bottleneck is going to be in context switching, cost of threads, and whether you can run thread pools on multiple cores. Depending on your scaling, you might want to use a compiled language, and one with lightweight threads, that can use multiple cores easily. That reduces the list to C++, Haskell, Erlang, Java, Scala. etc. You can probably work around the global interpreter lock in Python by using forked processes, it just won't be as fine grained.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,performance,sockets,programming-languages,io","A_Id":10757187,"CreationDate":"2012-05-24T22:03:00.000","Title":"Python socket I\/O performance compared to other languages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a python program, to work on windows, the program has heavy threading and I\/O, it heavily uses sockets in its I\/O to send and receive data from remote locations, other than that, it has some string manipulation using regular expressions.\nMy question is: performance wise, is python the best programming language for such a program, compared to for example Java, or C#? Is there another language that would better fit the description above?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1715,"Q_Id":10745931,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Interesting question.  The python modules that deal with sockets wrap the underlying OS functionality directly.  Therefore, in a given operation, you are not likely to see any speed difference depending on the wrapper language.\nWhere you will notice speed issues with python is if you are involved in really tight looping, like looking at every character in a stream.  \nYou did not indiciate how much data you are sending.  Unless you are undertaking a solution that has to maintain a huge volume of I\/O, then python will likely do just fine.  Implementing nginx or memcached or redis in python... not as good of an idea.\nAnd as always... benchmark.  If it is fast enough, then why change?\nPS. you the programmer will likely get it done faster in python!","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,performance,sockets,programming-languages,io","A_Id":10746007,"CreationDate":"2012-05-24T22:03:00.000","Title":"Python socket I\/O performance compared to other languages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Node.js is a perfect match for our web project, but there are few computational tasks for which we would prefer Python. We also already have a Python code for them.\nWe are highly concerned about speed, what is the most elegant way how to call a Python \"worker\" from node.js in an asynchronous non-blocking way?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":116462,"Q_Id":10775351,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"If you arrange to have your Python worker in a separate process (either long-running server-type process or a spawned child on demand), your communication with it will be asynchronous on the node.js side. UNIX\/TCP sockets and stdin\/out\/err communication are inherently async in node.","Q_Score":134,"Tags":"python,node.js,ipc","A_Id":10775437,"CreationDate":"2012-05-27T16:03:00.000","Title":"Combining node.js and Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For one of my python project I am using reportlab's canvas feature to generate pdf document. \nCan anyone please help me to print small subset of html (p, strong, ul, ol, li, img, alignments) on reportlab canvas?\nThanks in advance...","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4178,"Q_Id":10811720,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If this is what you are tying to do you should look at using Platypus with ReportLab, a built in set of classes in ReportLab for building documents out of objects representing page elements.  Or, if you want really simple, xhtml2pdf would probably be better.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,pdf-generation,reportlab","A_Id":10826660,"CreationDate":"2012-05-30T07:21:00.000","Title":"Python: Printing Html in PDF using Reportlab Canvas","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is using web.py with uwsgi.\nWhen I return page data from a POST handler, the browser receives a blank page instead. GET handlers are working fine for me. The handler is being called correctly, and redirects (web.seeother) will work.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":257,"Q_Id":10841854,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"To answer my own question, you need to call web.input() otherwise the returned data will be ignore (who knows why? is it a bug?)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web.py,uwsgi","A_Id":10842122,"CreationDate":"2012-05-31T21:57:00.000","Title":"Page returned by POST handler ignored - get blank response (web.py)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am planning to make a multiplayer game with a JavaScript based Client UI and Python on the server side. The game will be dynamic, so communication speed is very important - consequently I have decided to use UDP. Does anyone have any tips on implementations I could utilize. What tools would you recommend for this project?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":302,"Q_Id":10858172,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I recommend doing the dumbest simplest thing to get your project to work, meaning probably http and Json. Then deal with any performance problems. Otherwise you'll spend much of your project on a hard optimization problem that might not really matter.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,udp,multiplayer","A_Id":10858211,"CreationDate":"2012-06-01T22:38:00.000","Title":"UDP communication between JavaScript and Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am planning to make a multiplayer game with a JavaScript based Client UI and Python on the server side. The game will be dynamic, so communication speed is very important - consequently I have decided to use UDP. Does anyone have any tips on implementations I could utilize. What tools would you recommend for this project?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":302,"Q_Id":10858172,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I've been using SockJS + Tornado for this sort of thing. Easy to get started with, and well supported in modern browsers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,udp,multiplayer","A_Id":10858488,"CreationDate":"2012-06-01T22:38:00.000","Title":"UDP communication between JavaScript and Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to display visual\/auditory stimuli inside a web browser for psychophysic experiments. I plan on using python, but I am concerned with timing. I obviously can not rely on screen refresh for timing which is common in these types of tasks. How much can I hope for in terms of accuracy for timing on the web and what are the best tools to use with Python. I am thinking of using FastCGI\nI just want to hear peoples thoughts on this.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":296,"Q_Id":10858337,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Do your timing in JS, save current time in ms on document.ready and then when user hits a key.\nBenchmark your test with either\n\nhigh-speed camera, or\ntest rig that \"hits\" a key, e.g. screen flash -> pohototransistor -> usb device -> virtual keyboard","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web,fastcgi,timing,psychtoolbox","A_Id":10999764,"CreationDate":"2012-06-01T22:58:00.000","Title":"Achieving best timing online for psychophysics experiments using Python on the web","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Currently on OSX Selenium driver start opens up a new Firefox icon on OSX. Also, the current application loses focus and thus interrupts e.g. your typing.\nIs it possible to make Selenium launch Firefox on OSX such way that it would not take focus or cause extra action in Dock?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":427,"Q_Id":10862982,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The problem is due to the fact that Firefox does not always fire events correctly when it does not have focus. This will be fixed soon as it is now a normative part of the HTML5 spec.\nI would recommend just having an extremely lightweight VM, in something like virtualbox or VMWare Fusion and just using Remote WebDriver.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,macos,firefox,selenium","A_Id":10869190,"CreationDate":"2012-06-02T14:15:00.000","Title":"Supressing Firefox icon in OSX Dock when running tests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a project to make web-based proxy using python and\nmechanize .  I have a problem :\nThe page that mechanize returns, has URLS that are are not\nMechanized and if user clicks on it, they will go thourgh the link by\ntheir own computer's ip (not the server that my code is installed on it) . is there any way to fix that ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":104,"Q_Id":10869211,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can rewrite the urls, either by parsing the HTML with lxml, beautiful soup, etc - and then rewriting them and re-dumping the DOM to string before sending it to the user. Or by searching for URLs with regular expressions, and return a rewritten HTML.\nkeep in mind that doing it properly, with links generated by javascript, etc - is almost impossible.\nThat's why people use proxy servers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mechanize","A_Id":10869296,"CreationDate":"2012-06-03T09:29:00.000","Title":"how to mechnize the urls inside a returned page by mechanize in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What is the best solution in python, to monitor CPU, memory, and bandwidth usage per domain?\nThis solution has to also work on multiple instances.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3733,"Q_Id":10869472,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"CPU can be monitored by CloudWatch using the built-in metrics. For memory you can use custom metrics with the AWS command line tools or write powershell\/ruby scripts with the official AWS SDK.\nYou can monitor anything that's easily quantifiable using the AWS SDK. To monitor bandwidth usage per domain I'd recommend something like ntop.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,amazon-ec2,amazon-web-services,amazon-cloudwatch","A_Id":11124827,"CreationDate":"2012-06-03T10:14:00.000","Title":"Monitor bandwidth, memory, cpu per domain on EC2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I guess it's socket programming. But I have never done socket programming expect for running the tutorial examples while learning Python. I need some more ideas to implement this.\nWhat I specifically need is to run a monitoring program of a server which will poll or listen to traffic being exchange from different IPs across different popular ports. For example, how do I get data received and sent through port 80 of 192.168.1.10 and 192.168.1.1 ( which is the gateway).\nI checked out a number of ready made tools like MRTG, Bwmon, Ntop etc but since we are looking at doing some specific pattern studies, we need to do data capturing within the program.\nIdea is to monitor some popular ports and do a study of network traffic across some periods and compare them with some other data.\nWe would like to figure a way to do all this with Python....","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2642,"Q_Id":10871752,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"IPTraf is an ncurses based IP LAN monitoring tool. Has a capability to generate network statistics including TCP,UDP,ICMP and some more.\nSince you're thinking to execute it from python, you may consider to use screen (screen manager with VT100\/ANSI terminal emulation) to overcome ncurses issues and you may want to pass logging and interval parameters to IPTraf which forces iptraf to log to a file in a given interval. Little bit tricky but eventually you can have what you are looking for by basically parsing the log file.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-traffic,traffic-measurement","A_Id":10872601,"CreationDate":"2012-06-03T15:53:00.000","Title":"Python: how to calculate data received and send between two ipaddresses and ports","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I'm writing this program that uses python and sockets to talk over the internet, but that's not the issue.\nThe issue is I wish to test how the program works in a realistic internet environment.\nie: My client connects to a proxy somewhere over seas, then the data comes back to my router to my other computer.\nso I want my data to go overseas, then come back.\nAnyway this can be done? or is this impossible? I've tried using proxy servers and I can't for the life of me get them to work!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1546,"Q_Id":10880696,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends on the type of program you are writing, if you just want your program to connect to another instance of this same program at some destination ip.  Or are you writing a server application? If so, what client connects to this server?  I'm not certain you need to involve a proxy at all, TCP traffic will simply travel over the routers\/switches it needs to get where it needs to go. \nIf you can elaborate on your question, and specify if your writing a server that has a differentiated client, or just a desktop app that is both the client\/server, that would be helpful.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,proxy,ip,external","A_Id":10881188,"CreationDate":"2012-06-04T11:44:00.000","Title":"Connect to your external IP to simulate the internet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a script in which if a http request is being executed e.g, I have played a voicefile using a http operation Play() defined in my code. \nIn the mean time when the file is getting played , i want Pause() Operation to be called which can pause the file being played. \nThe problem I am facing is that, As the HTTP request for PLAY is getting hit, the script gets back the control only after the successful\/failure execution of PLAY() i.e. when the complete play operation has been completed due to which my pause operation returns failure because there isn't any file which is getting played currently. \nI can't use 2 scripts because both use the same data (Call-ID) \nAny help on this would be highly Appreciated.\nThanks in Advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":219,"Q_Id":10896895,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"More detail would be helpful.  What information does a thread need before it can construct a valid pause request?  Could the thread that sends the play request write this information into some module-level data structure?  Then the thread that is doing the pause could read this information and build a valid request.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,jython,grinder","A_Id":10921272,"CreationDate":"2012-06-05T11:59:00.000","Title":"Multiple Threads doing different operations in a single Grinder Script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Every Monday at Work, I have the task of printing out Account analysis (portfolio analysis) and Account Positions for over 50 accounts. So i go to the page, click \"account analysis\", enter the account name, click \"format this page for printing\", Print the output (excluding company disclosures), then I go back to the account analysis page and click \"positions\" instead this time, the positions for that account comes up. Then I  click \"format this page for printing\", Print the output (excluding company disclosures).Then I repeat the process for the other 50 accounts.\nI haven't taken any programming classes in the past but I heard using python to automate a html response might help me do this faster. I was wondering if that's true, and if so, how does it work? Also, are there any other programs that could enable me automate this process and save time? \nThank you so much","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":773,"Q_Id":10899192,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think it will be easier for you get program like autoit.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,automation","A_Id":10899256,"CreationDate":"2012-06-05T14:26:00.000","Title":"Automating HTTP navigation and HTML printing using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wrote a script that retrieves stock data on google finance and prints it out, nice and simple. It always worked, but since this morning I only get a page that tells me that I'm probably an automated script instead of the stock data. Of course, being a script, I can't pass the captcha. What can I do?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1173,"Q_Id":10908715,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"well, you finally reached a quite challenging realm. decode the captcha.\nthere do exist OCR approaches to decode simple captcha into code. not seems to work for google captcha. \nI heard there are some companies provide manual captcha decoding services, you can try to use some. ^_^  LOL\nok, to be serious, if google don't want you to do it that way, then it is not easy to decode those captchas. After all, why google on finance data, there are a lot other providers, right? try to scrape those websites.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,bots,google-finance","A_Id":10908773,"CreationDate":"2012-06-06T05:42:00.000","Title":"Google Finance recognizes my Python script as a bot and blocks it","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wrote a python script which downloads data via the Yahoo! Finance API and puts it into a file. After that, it uploads the file to Dropbox. The script does that every 10 minutes.\nHow can I implement this at a minimal cost with a server? I don't want to let my computer run 24\/7.\nThank you in advance!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":729,"Q_Id":10937861,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the script is gonna run every 10 minutes, EC2 etc. won't do you any good since they are priced based on 15-minute time slices (and the server will always be used).\nThe cheapest solution is a small VPS, which can be found for as little as 5$ \/ month from some providers. Install dropbox & python and you're good to go.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,dropbox","A_Id":10937959,"CreationDate":"2012-06-07T18:39:00.000","Title":"How to run a python script and upload the generated to dropbox on a server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"XML is a good file format for storing documents: content with metadata.  JSON is a good file format for storing data.\nIs there an analogous file format standard which is good at encoding operations?  In other words, is there a standard file format which would be good for encoding small light-weight domain-specific languages?  What I have in mind are simple DSLs consisting of only string data and no more than a dozen simple commands.  My languages would consist of calling one command after another in a very simple manner (no conditionals or loops).\nCurrently, I've used XML to encode a series of operations, where each tag represents a different command.  A SAX parser dispatches each element as a function call.  It's very difficult to look at; just doesn't feel like an elegant solution.\nIdeally, I'd be working in python and not writing my own parsers...trying to get the benefit of using an established standard file format.  One fallback is to use python itself, but of course I'd prefer a language-neutral standard if one is to be found.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":615,"Q_Id":10939138,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In the end, I implemented a simple interpreter in Python, using S-expressions.  Parsers are easy to find online (about half a page of code) and implementing functions for the language can be made simple by use of function decorators.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,json,standards,dsl","A_Id":46526632,"CreationDate":"2012-06-07T20:11:00.000","Title":"Domain Specific Language, Standard File Format","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to scrape a website, but the thing that I want to get is not in the source code.  But it does appear when i use firebug.  Is there a way to scrape from the firebug code as opposed to the source code?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1907,"Q_Id":10942469,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the answer's not in the source code (possibly obfuscated, encoded, etc), then it was probably retrieved after the page loaded with an XmlHTTPRequest.  You can use the 'network' panel in Firebug to see what other pieces of data the page loaded, and what requests it made to load them.\n(You may have to enable the network panel and then reload the page\/start over)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,firebug,web-scraping","A_Id":10942524,"CreationDate":"2012-06-08T02:44:00.000","Title":"Scraping a website in python with firebug?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In POSIX C we can use writev to write multiple arrays at once to a file descriptor. This is useful when you have to concatenate multiple buffers in order to form a single message to send through a socket (think of a HTTP header and body, for instance). This way I don't need to call send twice, once for the header and once for the body (what prevent the messages to be split in different frames on the wire), nor I need to concatenate the buffers before sending.\nMy question is, is there a Python equivalent?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":708,"Q_Id":10953060,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Python supports os.writev() as well as sendmsg(). These functions are atomic, so are equivalent of calling write() and send() respectively with concatenated buffer. \nThere is TCP_CORK. You may say kernel not to send partial frames until un-corked.\n\nUsing either technique, you may have control over partial TCP frames.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":37355354,"CreationDate":"2012-06-08T17:01:00.000","Title":"Scatter\/gather socket write in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to implement a network protocol that listens on 2 separate TCP ports. One is for control messages and one is for data messages.\nI understand that I need two separate protocol classes since there are two ports involved.\nI would like to have one factory that creates both of these protocols since there is state information and data that is shared between them and they essential implement one protocol.\nIs this possible? If yes, how? \nIf not, how can I achieve something similar?\nI understand that it is unusal to divide a protocol between 2 ports but that is the given situation.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":153,"Q_Id":10999627,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your factory's buildProtocol can return anything you want it to return.  That's up to you.\nHowever, you might find that things are a lot simpler if you just use two different factories.  That does not preclude sharing state.  Just have them share a bunch of attributes, or collect all your state together onto a single new object and have the factories share that object.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twisted","A_Id":11001717,"CreationDate":"2012-06-12T15:14:00.000","Title":"A single factory for multiple protocols?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to start some background processing through rabbitmq, but when I send the request, I get the below error in the rabbitmq log. But, I think I am providing the right credentials, as my celery works are able to connect to rabbitmq server using the same username\/password combination.\n\n=ERROR REPORT==== 12-Jun-2012::20:50:29 ===\nexception on TCP connection  from 127.0.0.1:41708\n{channel0_error,starting,\n                {amqp_error,access_refused,\n                            \"AMQPLAIN login refused: user 'guest' - invalid credentials\",\n                            'connection.start_ok'}}","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3691,"Q_Id":11008337,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To get resolve connection with rabbitmq need to inspect below points:\n\nConnectivity from client machine to rabbitmq server machine [in case if client and server are running on separate machine], need to check\nalong with port as well.\nCredential (username and password), a user must be onboarded into RabbitMQ which will be used to connect with RabbitMQ\nPermission to User must be given (permission may be attached to VHOST as well so need to provide permission carefully)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,rabbitmq,celery","A_Id":72374505,"CreationDate":"2012-06-13T04:47:00.000","Title":"Rabbitmq connection issue when using a username and password","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I list files and folders if I only have an IP-address?\nWith urllib and others, I am only able to display the content of the index.html file. But what if I want to see which files are in the root as well?\nI am looking for an example that shows how to implement username and password if needed. (Most of the time index.html is public, but sometimes the other files are not).","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":57862,"Q_Id":11023530,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"HTTP does not work with \"files\" and \"directories\". Pick a different protocol.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,html,directory,ip-address","A_Id":11023595,"CreationDate":"2012-06-13T21:25:00.000","Title":"Python to list HTTP-files and directories","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I list files and folders if I only have an IP-address?\nWith urllib and others, I am only able to display the content of the index.html file. But what if I want to see which files are in the root as well?\nI am looking for an example that shows how to implement username and password if needed. (Most of the time index.html is public, but sometimes the other files are not).","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":57862,"Q_Id":11023530,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"You cannot get the directory listing directly via HTTP, as another answer says. It's the HTTP server that \"decides\" what to give you. Some will give you an HTML page displaying links to all the files inside a \"directory\", some will give you some page (index.html), and some will not even interpret the \"directory\" as one.\nFor example, you might have a link to \"http:\/\/localhost\/user-login\/\": This does not mean that there is a directory called user-login in the document root of the server. The server interprets that as a \"link\" to some page.\nNow, to achieve what you want, you either have to use something other than HTTP (an FTP server on the \"ip address\" you want to access would do the job), or set up an HTTP server on that machine that provides for each path (http:\/\/192.168.2.100\/directory) a list of files in it (in whatever format) and parse that through Python.\nIf the server provides an \"index of \/bla\/bla\" kind of page (like Apache server do, directory listings), you could parse the HTML output to find out the names of files and directories. If not (e.g. a custom index.html, or whatever the server decides to give you), then you're out of luck :(, you can't do it.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,html,directory,ip-address","A_Id":11024116,"CreationDate":"2012-06-13T21:25:00.000","Title":"Python to list HTTP-files and directories","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Background - I am using paramiko to put files on a bunch of remote servers, running several different operating systems, and with no Python installed on the remote systems. I need to specify remote directories for where the file should be put. Because different operating systems specify paths differently, I wanted to use some module.\nI wanted to use os.path.join, but that gets its configuration from my local machine. Is there any way to specify the platform in one of the os module's methods, or something similar?\nEDIT: Also during ssh sessions with paramiko.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":173,"Q_Id":11054131,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Usually all of the different path modules are included, os.path is just the one for your local machine. Import ntpath if you want to do Windows path manipulation, and posixpath for Unix path manipulation.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python","A_Id":11054226,"CreationDate":"2012-06-15T15:50:00.000","Title":"Join paths in Python given operating system","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a web application as college project (using Python), where I need to read content from websites. It could be any website on internet.\nAt first I thought of using Screen Scrapers like BeautifulSoup, lxml to read content(data written by authors) but I am unable to search content based upon one logic as each website is developed on different standards.\nThus I thought of using RSS\/ Atom (using Universal Feed Parser) but I could only get content summary! But I want all the content, not just summary.\nSo, is there a way to have one logic by which we can read a website's content using lib's like BeautifulSoup, lxml etc?\nOr I should use API's provided by the websites.\nMy job becomes easy if its a blogger's blog as I can use Google Data API but the trouble is, should I need to write code for every different API for the same job?\nWhat is the best solution?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":356,"Q_Id":11061135,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Using the website's public API, when it exists, is by far the best solution. That is quite why the API exists, it is the way that the website administrators say \"use our content\". Scraping may work one day and break the next, and it does not imply the website administrator's consent to have their content reused.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,screen-scraping,web-scraping","A_Id":11061160,"CreationDate":"2012-06-16T05:41:00.000","Title":"Should I use Screen Scrapers or API to read data from websites","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to have a web server displaying the status of 2 of my python scripts.\nThese scripts listen for incoming data on a specific port.  What I would like to do is have it so that when the script is running the web server will return a HTTP200 and when the script is not running a 500.  I have had a look at cherrypy and other such python web servers but I could not get them to run first and then while the web server is running continue with the rest of my code.  I would like it so that if the script crashes so does the web server.  Or a way for the web server to display say a blank webpage with just a 1 in the HTML if the script is running or a 0 if it is not.\nAny suggestions?\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":268,"Q_Id":11070842,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I would break it apart further:\n\nscript A, on port a\nscript B, on port b\nweb script C which checks on A and B (by making simple requests to them)\n and returns the results in a machine-friendly format, ie JSON or XML\nweb page D which calls C and formats the results for people, ie an HTML table\n\nThere are existing programs which do this - Nagios springs to mind.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-services,monitoring,status,cherrypy","A_Id":11071410,"CreationDate":"2012-06-17T11:09:00.000","Title":"Calling a python web server within a script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to use python-rest-client package into my project. I tried several times for installing python-rest-client into my linux python, it never worked. But it works well in Windows python. Would anybody tell me how to install python-rest-client in linux python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1855,"Q_Id":11081209,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"avasal, you were right. I did it by  pip install python-rest-client","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,json,rest","A_Id":11184777,"CreationDate":"2012-06-18T10:45:00.000","Title":"how to install python-rest-client lib in linux","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What's the best way to download a python package and it's dependencies from pypi for offline installation on another machine? Is there any easy way to do this with pip or easy_install? I'm trying to install the requests library on a FreeBSD box that is not connected to the internet.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":394353,"Q_Id":11091623,"Users Score":412,"Answer":"On the system that has access to internet\nThe pip download command lets you download packages without installing them:\npip download -r requirements.txt\n(In previous versions of pip, this was spelled pip install --download -r requirements.txt.)\nOn the system that has no access to internet\nThen you can use\npip install --no-index --find-links \/path\/to\/download\/dir\/ -r requirements.txt\nto install those downloaded modules, without accessing the network.","Q_Score":256,"Tags":"python,pip,freebsd,easy-install,python-requests","A_Id":14447068,"CreationDate":"2012-06-18T21:51:00.000","Title":"How to install packages offline?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What's the best way to download a python package and it's dependencies from pypi for offline installation on another machine? Is there any easy way to do this with pip or easy_install? I'm trying to install the requests library on a FreeBSD box that is not connected to the internet.","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":394353,"Q_Id":11091623,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"For Pip 8.1.2 you can use pip download -r requ.txt to download packages to your local machine.","Q_Score":256,"Tags":"python,pip,freebsd,easy-install,python-requests","A_Id":40603985,"CreationDate":"2012-06-18T21:51:00.000","Title":"How to install packages offline?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can somebody skilled look at Routes library in python and tell me why there is not python 3 support?\nI need Routes functionality for use with Cherrypy on python 3. And I am curious if it will be better to try to port Routes to python 3 or write my own dispatcher for python 3 from scratch. \nI know some porting basics for python 2to3, but if there are any significant problems or drawbacks (other than method names, syntax etc), I would like to know them before I start working on the port.\nThank you very much for any tips!\nEdit: \ndo not understand me incorrectly! I am not lazy to check it by myself, but there are some aspects that i will not discover until I try it. And maybe, somebody here tried it before :-)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":369,"Q_Id":11102659,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I tried to port Routes to python 3. \nAfter one day of work, I got all unit tests passed. But the code started being ugly and I was not sucessfull with using ported Routes with Cherrypy (probably something, that is not covered by unit tests). I was not patient enough to debug it.\nSo I decided to write my own version which I will maybe share as opensource. It is not ready yet and I will update this answer later (for possibly interested people :-)\nThanks to commenters above","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,routes,porting","A_Id":11502743,"CreationDate":"2012-06-19T14:02:00.000","Title":"Routes library for python 3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to find out the current number of connection attempts awaiting accept() on a TCP socket on Linux?\nI suppose I could count the number of accepts() that succeed before hitting EWOULDBLOCK on each event loop, but I'm using a high-level library (Python\/Twisted) that hides these details. Also it's using epoll() rather than an old-fashioned select()\/poll() loop.\nI am trying to get a general sense of the load on a high-performance non-blocking network server, and I think this number would be a good characterization. Load average\/CPU statistics aren't helping much, because I'm doing a lot of disk I\/O in concurrent worker processes. Most of these stats on Linux count time spent waiting on disk I\/O as part of the load (which it isn't, for my particular server architecture). Latency between accept() and response isn't a good measure either, since each request usually gets processed very quickly once the server gets around to it. I'm just trying to find out how close I am to reaching a breaking point where the server can't dispatch requests faster than they are coming in.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3268,"Q_Id":11126372,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There is no function for this in the BSD Sockets API that I have ever seen. I question whether it is really a useful measure of load. You are assuming no connection pooling by clients, for one thing, and you are also assuming that latency is entirely manifested as pending connections. But as you can't get the number anyway the point is moot.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,tcp,twisted","A_Id":11127146,"CreationDate":"2012-06-20T19:00:00.000","Title":"Determine the current number of backlogged connections in TCP listen() queue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I read from and write to my Galaxy Nexus phone, using MTP over a USB cable in python?\nI'm on a windows 7 computer.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15627,"Q_Id":11161747,"Users Score":-4,"Answer":"Simply connecting a USB cable between the phone and computer should work.\nIt may be necessary to enable MTP transfers in the settings menu on your phone.  The menu selection location is likely to be different on different versions of android and different phone models. Try a google search for \"galaxy nexus enable mtp\".  Make sure to include your android and phone version in the search.\nMake sure it is a good quality USB cable.  Poor quality cables will not make a good connection and therefor not work reliably.\nA file management dialog comes up immediately on my desktop after hooking up a usb cable between my phone and laptop showing both the phone internal storage and SD card.  This allows me to transfer files both ways directly to the phone SD storage (Linux Mint <-> LG Android ver. 5.1)\nNote that it is also possible to transfer files using Bluetooth.\nAfter establishing a connection, you would need to find the device name.  Then it would be possible to open the device using standard python file constructs, i.e. popen(), etc.","Q_Score":25,"Tags":"python,mtp","A_Id":46545449,"CreationDate":"2012-06-22T18:03:00.000","Title":"How to access an MTP USB device with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I read from and write to my Galaxy Nexus phone, using MTP over a USB cable in python?\nI'm on a windows 7 computer.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":15627,"Q_Id":11161747,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"One way to do this would be to install ADB (android debugging bridge, part of the SDK) and launch it as a child process from python.  ADB can be used to, among other things, read from or write to, an android device.","Q_Score":25,"Tags":"python,mtp","A_Id":11254179,"CreationDate":"2012-06-22T18:03:00.000","Title":"How to access an MTP USB device with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to make a copy of a socket module to be able to use it and to have one more socket module monkey-patched and use it differently.\nIs this possible?\nI mean to really copy a module, namely to get the same result at runtime as if I've copied socketmodule.c, changed the initsocket() function to initmy_socket(), and installed it as my_socket extension.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7543,"Q_Id":11170949,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Physically copy the socket module to socket_monkey and go from there? I don't feel you need any \"clever\" work-around... but I might well be over simplifying!","Q_Score":39,"Tags":"python,python-c-extension","A_Id":11171590,"CreationDate":"2012-06-23T15:59:00.000","Title":"How to make a copy of a python module at runtime?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to invoke  PySocketModule_ImportModuleAndAPI function defined in socketmodule.h in my Python C-extension.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":142,"Q_Id":11172215,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had a similar problem and resolved it by:\n\nAdding the Modules\\ directory (from your Python source) to the C\/C++ Additional Include Directories.\n#include \"socketmodule.h\"\n\nDon't know if this is the best solution, but it worked for me!","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-c-extension,python-extensions","A_Id":20085116,"CreationDate":"2012-06-23T19:07:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to include socketmodule.h in Python C extensions?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a design problem:\nI have two threads, a heartbeat\/control thread and a messagehandler thread.\nBoth are sharing the same socket, however the messageHandler thread only sends out messages and never receives. The heartbeat thread sends and receives (receives messages and reacts on heartbeats). \nThe problem is I'm not sure if this is safe. There is no mechanism, I myself, implemented to see if the socket is being used. So is sharing a socket over python automatically thread safe or not?\nAlso if it's not, the reason I put them in a separate thread is because the heartbeat is more important than the message handling. This means that if it gets flooded with messages, it still needs to do a heartbeat. So if I have to implement a bolt, is there away I can prioritize if my heartbeat\/control thread needs to send a heartbeat?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":22734,"Q_Id":11177018,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know of a way to prioritize at the Python level.\nSo I'd suggest using 2 processes, not threads, and prioritize at the OS level. On Unix you can use os.nice() to do that.\nYou'd need to use 2 sockets then, and your sharing problem would be solved at the same time.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,multithreading,sockets","A_Id":11177059,"CreationDate":"2012-06-24T11:21:00.000","Title":"Python: Socket and threads?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a design problem:\nI have two threads, a heartbeat\/control thread and a messagehandler thread.\nBoth are sharing the same socket, however the messageHandler thread only sends out messages and never receives. The heartbeat thread sends and receives (receives messages and reacts on heartbeats). \nThe problem is I'm not sure if this is safe. There is no mechanism, I myself, implemented to see if the socket is being used. So is sharing a socket over python automatically thread safe or not?\nAlso if it's not, the reason I put them in a separate thread is because the heartbeat is more important than the message handling. This means that if it gets flooded with messages, it still needs to do a heartbeat. So if I have to implement a bolt, is there away I can prioritize if my heartbeat\/control thread needs to send a heartbeat?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":22734,"Q_Id":11177018,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If both threads are client threads, it is a good idea to open two client sockets one to the server for heart beat and another for communication.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,multithreading,sockets","A_Id":11177130,"CreationDate":"2012-06-24T11:21:00.000","Title":"Python: Socket and threads?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a design problem:\nI have two threads, a heartbeat\/control thread and a messagehandler thread.\nBoth are sharing the same socket, however the messageHandler thread only sends out messages and never receives. The heartbeat thread sends and receives (receives messages and reacts on heartbeats). \nThe problem is I'm not sure if this is safe. There is no mechanism, I myself, implemented to see if the socket is being used. So is sharing a socket over python automatically thread safe or not?\nAlso if it's not, the reason I put them in a separate thread is because the heartbeat is more important than the message handling. This means that if it gets flooded with messages, it still needs to do a heartbeat. So if I have to implement a bolt, is there away I can prioritize if my heartbeat\/control thread needs to send a heartbeat?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":22734,"Q_Id":11177018,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"Unfortunately,The socket shared by multi-thread is not thread safe.Think about buffer two threads operate on with no lock.\nThe normal way to implement is with two socket,just like what ftp does.cmd socket and msg socket.\nIf you wanna implement this by one socket,you can put different type msgs into different queues,and with a third thread consumes the queue and send them through the only socket.\nIn this way,you can control heartbeat msg priory to data msg.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,multithreading,sockets","A_Id":11177260,"CreationDate":"2012-06-24T11:21:00.000","Title":"Python: Socket and threads?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What would be the simplest way to check a web page for changes? I want to scan a web page every so often, and compare it to an older scan. One problem is I also need the scan to ignore certain changes, such as the time of day, etc. I only want to check for relevant updates.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.6640367703,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2212,"Q_Id":11182825,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I won't write code, but I'll give you the process I'd go through for solving this problem:\n\nRetrieve the source of the page\nReplace out all of the parts\nof the page that we don't care to monitor\nCalculate an md5 or\nsha1 hash of the source after replacements are made\nCompare the\nhash with the stored hash, see if it's different, and do whatever\nyou need to do if the page has been updated\nStore the new hash","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,parsing,text,web","A_Id":11182855,"CreationDate":"2012-06-25T02:24:00.000","Title":"Detecting web page updates with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need a url for using that for a template. Now there are two ways of storing the url and use that again in python I guess...\nOne is using session to store that URL and get it later whenever we need it...\nor \nSecond is using cookies to store that URL and get it later..\nSo which method is more appropriate in terms of security ?\nIs there any other method in python which is more better for storing the url and use that later, which is more secure..?\nWhile using cookies somebody can easily change the information I guess, in sessions also somebody can hijack it and make the changes....","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":276,"Q_Id":11188725,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In terms of security, you should store it in session. If it's in cookie, the client can modify your url to whatever he wants.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,http","A_Id":11188777,"CreationDate":"2012-06-25T11:43:00.000","Title":"Storing URL into cookies or session?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need a url for using that for a template. Now there are two ways of storing the url and use that again in python I guess...\nOne is using session to store that URL and get it later whenever we need it...\nor \nSecond is using cookies to store that URL and get it later..\nSo which method is more appropriate in terms of security ?\nIs there any other method in python which is more better for storing the url and use that later, which is more secure..?\nWhile using cookies somebody can easily change the information I guess, in sessions also somebody can hijack it and make the changes....","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":276,"Q_Id":11188725,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't think \"session hijacking\" means what you think it means. The only thing someone can do with session hijacking is impersonate a user. The actual session data is stored on the back end (eg in the database), so if you don't give the user access to that particular data then they can't change it, whether they're the actual intended user or someone impersonating that user.\nSo, the upshot of this is, store it in the session.\nEdit after comment Well, you'd better not allow any information to be sent to your server then, and make your website browse-only. \nSeriously, I don't see why \"session data\" is any less secure than anything else. You are being unreasonably paranoid. If you want to store data, you need to get that data from somewhere, either from a calculation on the server side, or from user submissions. If you can't calculate this specific URL on the server side, it needs to come from the user. And then you need to store it on the server against the particular user. I don't see what else you want to do.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,http","A_Id":11188963,"CreationDate":"2012-06-25T11:43:00.000","Title":"Storing URL into cookies or session?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running a Graphite server to monitor instruments at remote locations. I have a \"perpetual\" ssh tunnel to the machines from my server (loving autossh) to map their local ports to my server's local port. This works well, data comes through with no hasstles. However we use a flaky satellite connection to the sites, which goes down rather regularly. I am running a \"data crawler\" on the instrument that is running python and using socket to send packets to the Graphite server. The problem is, if the link goes down temporarily (or the server gets rebooted, for testing mostly), I cannot re-establish the connection to the server. I trap the error, and then run socket.close(), and then re-open, but I just can't re-establish the connection. If I quit the python program and restart it, the connection comes up just fine. Any ideas how I can \"refresh\" my socket connection?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1295,"Q_Id":11190243,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's hard to answer this correctly without a code sample.  However, it sounds like you might be trying to reuse a closed socket, which is not possible.\nIf the socket has been closed (or has experienced an error), you must re-create a new connection using a new socket object.  For this to work, the remote server must be able to handle multiple client connections in its accept() loop.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,ssh-tunnel,graphite","A_Id":11214979,"CreationDate":"2012-06-25T13:24:00.000","Title":"python - can't restart socket connection from client if server becomes unavailable temporarily","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the way to do urlopen in python such that even if the underlying machine has ipv6 networking enabled, the request is sent via ipv4 instead of ipv6?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2773,"Q_Id":11231244,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I had a look into the source code. Unfortunately, urllib.urlopen() seems to use httplib.HTTP(), which doesn't even allow setting a source address.\nurllib2.urlopen() uses httplib.HTTPConnection() which you could inherit from and create a class which by default sets a source address '0.0.0.0' instead of ''. Then you could somehow inject that new overridden class into the urllib2 stuff by creating a \"new\" HTTPHandler() (look how it's done in urllib2.py) and a new opener which you build_opener() and\/or install_opener().\nSorry for not being very exact, but I never have done such a thing and don't know exactly how that works.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ipv6,urllib,ipv4","A_Id":11231476,"CreationDate":"2012-06-27T16:48:00.000","Title":"how to do urlopen over ipv4 by default","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm making a simulator for a digital radio using Python.  The radio relays over RF one each of an RS-232 port and an Ethernet port, with a pair of radios making seamless pipes.  Thus, the simulator will be used in pairs, with pipes between them simulating the RF link, permitting users to connect to each end using physical interfaces, virtual interfaces, or tunnels.\nFor the RF serial port, I'm using PySerial and virtual serial ports to make the simulator as versatile as possible: I can connect the simulator to either a physical serial port, to a network socket, or to another local program.  Aside from the tools used to create the virtual serial ports on each different OS, this approach is completely cross-platform.\nI'd like the simulator to be able to network with a local program via a virtual interface, with a remote program via a shared network interface, and with a remote program via a local physical interface that would be dedicated to the simulator.  But so far, I haven't found a straightforward way to do this.  I've been looking at SLIP\/PPP, TAP\/DUN, pcap\/SOCK_RAW, and other possibilities, and I see no obvious or general solution.\nThe key difficulty seems to be that this involves an entire Ethernet interface, below the IP level, at the level of the Ethernet protocol itself: If it were only a few ports, the solution would be relatively simple.  Or am I missing something blindingly obvious?\nHow do I use Python to create and use an RF Ethernet interface in a way that is as versatile as the RF Serial interface solution?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2780,"Q_Id":11234197,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The massive number of answers people posted encouraged me to think outside of the box.\nMy approach will be to use Dummynet, a truly amazing and versatile tool.  Unfortunately the Dummynet Windows and Linux ports are not well-maintained, which means I'll be running *BSD.\nBut this simplifies things, since a *BSD image can also be run as a VM, which greatly simplifies dealing with virtual interfaces.\nAnd if I'm concerned about size, I can use picoBSD or nanoBSD to craft a tiny tailored system for my simulator.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,networking,interface,simulation","A_Id":11315321,"CreationDate":"2012-06-27T20:16:00.000","Title":"Network interface simulation in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Am I correct in that ElementTree does not support DTD or XSD? Is there a means of plugging anything into ElementTree to support validation, preferrably via XML Schema?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":785,"Q_Id":11300979,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would try using the lxml library; it supports etree representations and validation.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,xsd,dtd,elementtree","A_Id":11301443,"CreationDate":"2012-07-02T20:51:00.000","Title":"Validating XML parsed with ElementTree, possible?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've the following problem. I've a Server Application that accepts sockets connections wrapped over SSL. The client sends user and password over it, once on the Server I check if the user\/password is correct.\nIf the user\/password is wrong I want the Server to send to the Client a Socket.error. Right now the only idea that comes to mind is sending back to the client \"Wrong Password\" but I think it is safer to use the built-in errors, this way I can warp the code over a try except statement.\nIs it there anyway to send a socket error from the Server to the Client?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":227,"Q_Id":11318320,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The easiest method would be to send back some sort of return code and when the client sees the return code from the server, it would throw the exception itself.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":11318363,"CreationDate":"2012-07-03T20:02:00.000","Title":"Raising socket.error from client to server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using python 2.7 and paramiko library. client app running on window sends ssh commands to server app running on linux.\n when I send vi command, I get the response\n<-[0m<-[24;2H<-[K<-[24;1H<-[1m~<-[0m<-[25;2H....\n I don't know what these characters mean and how I process it. I'm struggling for hours, please help me.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":223,"Q_Id":11342314,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Reviewing my SO activity this week, saw this opportunity to whore for rep:\nThose look like ANSI\/VT100 terminal control codes, which suggests that something which thinks it is attached to a terminal is sending them but they are being received by something which doesn't know what to do with them.\nNow you can Google for 'VT100 control codes' and learn what you want.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,linux,paramiko","A_Id":11360629,"CreationDate":"2012-07-05T10:21:00.000","Title":"vi command returns error format data?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to write an iPhone application that uses a Python server. The iPhone application will send an HTTP request to the server, which should then respond by sending back a file that is on the server. What is the best way to do this? Thanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":750,"Q_Id":11353206,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're literally just serving content (ie, not doing any calculations or look-ups), then use the nginx webserver to serve it based on URL.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ios,webserver,download","A_Id":11353286,"CreationDate":"2012-07-05T22:06:00.000","Title":"How to respond to an HTTP request using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a novice python programmer and I am having troubles finding a tool to help me get a form from a javascript. I have written a small script in python and also have a simple interface done in javascript. The user needs to select a few items in the browser and the javascript then returns a sendForm(). I would like to then to recover the form with my python script. I know I could generate an xml file with javascript and tell my python script to wait until its creation and then catch it (with a os.path.exist(..)) but i would like to avoid this. I have seen that libraries such as cgi, mechanize, pyjs,(selenium?) exist to interface python and html,javascript but I can't find which one to use or if there would be another tool that would handle recovering the form easily.\nMore info: the python script generates an xml which is read by javascript. The user selects items in the javascript (with checkboxes) which are then tagged in the xml by javascript. The javascript then outputs the modified xml in a hidden field and it is this modified xml that I wish to retrieve with my python script after it is created.\nThank you all a  lot for your  help","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":453,"Q_Id":11383796,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is your system a web application, If so your javascript can post to python back-end using ajax. Then you can encrypt a form to json string and send to back-end, in back en you can parse that string into python variable... Javascript it self does not have access to your local file except you run it local (but it's really limitted)\nI suggest you should try a web frame work like Django. It's easy to learn in one day.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,xml,forms","A_Id":11383885,"CreationDate":"2012-07-08T14:14:00.000","Title":"getting javascript form content with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an ejabberd server at jabber.domain.com, with an xmpp component written in python (using sleekxmpp) at presence.domain.com.\nI wanted the component to get a notification each time a client changed his presence from available to unavailable and vice-versa.\nThe clients themselves don't have any contacts.\nCurrently, I have set up my clients to send their available presence stanzas to admin@presence.domain.com, and I do get their online\/offline presence notifications. But I feel this isn't the right approach.\nI was hoping the clients wouldn't be aware of the component at presence.domain.com, and they would just connect to jabber.domain.com and the component should somehow get notified by the server about the clients presence.\nIs there a way to do that?\nIs my component setup correct? or should I think about using an xmpp plugin\/module\/etc..\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1392,"Q_Id":11392302,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It is possible for a component to subscribe to a user's presence exactly the same way a user does. Also it is possible for the user to subscribe to a component's presence. You just have to follow the usual pattern, i.e. the component\/user sends a <presence\/> of type subscribe which the user\/component can accept by sending a <presence\/> of type subscribed.\nYou can also have the user just send a presence to the component directly.\nThere is no need to write custom hooks or create proxy users.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xmpp,ejabberd","A_Id":11941846,"CreationDate":"2012-07-09T09:26:00.000","Title":"Getting ejabberd to notify an external module on client presence change","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an ejabberd server at jabber.domain.com, with an xmpp component written in python (using sleekxmpp) at presence.domain.com.\nI wanted the component to get a notification each time a client changed his presence from available to unavailable and vice-versa.\nThe clients themselves don't have any contacts.\nCurrently, I have set up my clients to send their available presence stanzas to admin@presence.domain.com, and I do get their online\/offline presence notifications. But I feel this isn't the right approach.\nI was hoping the clients wouldn't be aware of the component at presence.domain.com, and they would just connect to jabber.domain.com and the component should somehow get notified by the server about the clients presence.\nIs there a way to do that?\nIs my component setup correct? or should I think about using an xmpp plugin\/module\/etc..\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1392,"Q_Id":11392302,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"It is not difficult to write a custom ejabberd module for this.   It will need to register to presence change hooks in ejabberd,  and on each presence packet route a notification towards your external component.\nThere is a pair of hooks  'set_presence_hook'  and 'unset_presence_hook' that your module can register to,  to be informed when the users starts\/end a session. \nIf you need to track other presence statuses, there is also a hook 'c2s_update_presence' that fires on any presence packets sent by your users.  \nOther possibility, without using a custom module, is using shared rosters.  Add  admin@presence.domain.com  to the shared rosters of all your users,  but in this case they will see this item reflected on their roster.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xmpp,ejabberd","A_Id":11926839,"CreationDate":"2012-07-09T09:26:00.000","Title":"Getting ejabberd to notify an external module on client presence change","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can anyone please tell me how to find the x-offset and y-offset default value of a Slider in a webpage using python for selenium webdriver.\nThanks in Advance !","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":636,"Q_Id":11411182,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use the get_attribute(name) method on a webelement to retrieve attributes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,webdriver","A_Id":11412106,"CreationDate":"2012-07-10T10:17:00.000","Title":"How to find x and y-offset for slider in python for a web-application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In pylons project when I do request.accept_language.best_matches(), it is returning me Null. I have set 2 languages in browser (en-us and es-ar) by going to Preferences-Content- Languages in firefox.\nHow can I get the languages specified in the browser?\nrepr(request.accept_language) gives <NilAccept: <class 'webob.acceptparse.Accept'>>","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":519,"Q_Id":11419922,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Try looking at request.headers['accept-language'], or indeed the entire request.headers object. I suspect your browser is not providing those headers.\nAlso, take a look at the browser request in wireshark, and the client request on the server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pylons","A_Id":11420889,"CreationDate":"2012-07-10T18:50:00.000","Title":"request.accept_language is always null in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using PyDev in eclipse with Python 2.7 on windows 7. I Installed networkx and it is properly running within Python shell but in eclipse it is showing error as it is unable to locate networkx can anyone tell me how to remove this error?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1086,"Q_Id":11421476,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think there are two options:\n\nRebuild your interpreter\nAdd it to your python path by appending the location of networkx to sys.path in python","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,eclipse,networkx","A_Id":11421571,"CreationDate":"2012-07-10T20:32:00.000","Title":"Integrate networkx in eclipse on windows","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using PyDev in eclipse with Python 2.7 on windows 7. I Installed networkx and it is properly running within Python shell but in eclipse it is showing error as it is unable to locate networkx can anyone tell me how to remove this error?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1086,"Q_Id":11421476,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"you need to rebuild your interpreter\ngo to project > properties > pyDev-Interpreter\/Grammar\nclick the \"click here to configure\"\nremove the existing interpreter\nhit \"Auto config\" button and follow the prompts\nkind of a pain but the only way Ive found to autodiscover newly installed packages","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,eclipse,networkx","A_Id":11421549,"CreationDate":"2012-07-10T20:32:00.000","Title":"Integrate networkx in eclipse on windows","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to make a rename feature for a Treectrl.\nWhere, a TextCtrl goes over the element and I am able to rename it. I cant find this feature on the API but I am sure that there has to be some way to do it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":214,"Q_Id":11431593,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I assume you want to rename tree elements (leaves), right? Well when you instantiate the TreeCtrl, give it the following style flags: wx.TR_DEFAULT_STYLE | wx.TR_EDIT_LABELS\nNow you should be able to click or double-click any of the items and rename them. See the wxPython demo for more cool tricks.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,wxpython,wxwidgets","A_Id":11434766,"CreationDate":"2012-07-11T11:23:00.000","Title":"Renaming Item in a TreeCtrl","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I gave my CustomTreeCtrl the TR_HAS_VARIABLE_ROW_HEIGHT style. But I am not sure where to go from there to change the height of the items inside the tree.\nI cant really find anything on the API or online.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":138,"Q_Id":11460864,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think all you have to do is change the font size of the item.  That's what it looks like in the wxPython demo anyway. You could ask on the wxPython users group though. The author of that widget is on there most of the time and is very helpful.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,wxpython,wxwidgets","A_Id":11471540,"CreationDate":"2012-07-12T21:20:00.000","Title":"how to use CustomTreeCtrl with the TR_HAS_VARIABLE_ROW_HEIGHT style to change the items height?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to make very simple application in Python which:\n\nWhen REST calls PUT\/DEL\/GET are recived than response code is 200\nWhen REST call create is recived than response code is 201\n\nI tried with sockets but I don't know how to send 201.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":81,"Q_Id":11470856,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Use an existing web framework such as Flask or Django.  Doing this by yourself with sockets is way too much work, it's not worth it.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,rest,http-status-codes","A_Id":11470884,"CreationDate":"2012-07-13T12:49:00.000","Title":"Recive REST and Response http codes in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to know if the following is possible:\nI want to connect my computer to either another computer, or a some consumer electronics (like a ps3 or xbox or something), via a double sided USB cable. I want to run a program on the first computer that will run a constant data stream through the USB cable, to trick the second computer into believing it is a usb flash drive, and it can read data from it. The first computer can change the data stream accordingly to the files that are supposed to be on the emulated flash drive.\nEssentially, I want to use a program on a computer to mimic USB hardware in another device.\nI don't know if I am wording this is a proper way or not, but is this possible?\nDiagram:\n| My Computer running this program | >-----emulated USB data stream-----> | Target |","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":988,"Q_Id":11478690,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This isn't possible without special hardware because USB doesn't support peer-to-peer networks. You might do better with Firewire (IEEE-1394), which can at least be used for TCP\/IP with appropriate drivers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,streaming,usb,emulation","A_Id":11478774,"CreationDate":"2012-07-13T21:33:00.000","Title":"Streaming data over USB in python \/ mimic usb drive with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm gonna write a web service which will allow upload\/download of files, managing permissions and users. It will be the interface to which a Desktop app or Mobile App will communicate. I was wondering which of the web frameworks I should use to to that?\nIt is a sort of remote storage for media files.\nI am going to host the web service on EC2 in a Linux environment. It should be fast (obviously) because It will have to handle tens of requests per second, transferring lots of data (GBs)... Communication will be done using JSon... But how to deal with binary data? If I use base64, it will grow by 33%...\nI think web2py should be ok, because it is very stable and mature project, but wanted other suggestions before choosing.\nThank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":170,"Q_Id":11505231,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I'm no doubt going to be shot down for this answer, but it needs to be said...\nYou're going to write a service that allows tens of transfers a second, with very large file sizes... Uptime is going to be essential and so is transfer speeds etc...\nIf this is for a business, and not just a personal pet project get the personal responsible for the IT budget to give \"Box\" or \"DropBox\" some pennies and use their services (I am not affiliated with either company).\nOn a business level, this gets you up and running straight off, would probably end up cheaper than you coding, designing, debugging, paying for EC2 etc...\nMore related to your question:\nFlask seems to be an up-coming and usable \"simple\" framework. That should provide all the functionality without all the bells and whistles.\nThe other I would spend time looking at would be Pyramid - which when using a very basic starter template is very simple, but you've got the machinery behind it to really get quite complex things done. (You can mix url dispatch and traversal where necessary for instance).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,web-services,web-frameworks","A_Id":11505774,"CreationDate":"2012-07-16T13:20:00.000","Title":"Python web framework suggestion for a web service","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i am writing a Bot that can just check thousands of website either they are in English or not.\ni am using Scrapy (python 2.7 framework) for crawling each website first page ,\ncan some one suggest me which is the best way to check website language ,\nany help would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4124,"Q_Id":11507279,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If the sites are multilanguage you can send the \"Accept-Language:en-US,en;q=0.8\" header and expect the response to be in english. If they are not, you can inspect the \"response.headers\" dictionary and see if you can find any information about the language.\nIf still unlucky, you can try mapping the IP to the country and then to the language in some way. As a last resource, try detecting the language (I don't know how accurate this is).","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,scrapy,web-crawler,language-detection","A_Id":11507534,"CreationDate":"2012-07-16T15:16:00.000","Title":"python website language detection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using selenium in python to check the page of a website that uses basic authentication on one frame. I'm checking to see if the password I am entering is correct or not, so the basic authentication often gets stuck because the password is wrong. Normally I use sel.set_page_load_timeout(8) and then catch the exception thrown when the page takes too long, but because the page loads except for the one frame, this function is not throwing an exception, and the page is getting stuck. How can I break out of the page?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":230,"Q_Id":11529450,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Solution: go to the url of the frame itself, and set page load timeout on that page","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver,frame,basic-authentication","A_Id":11547170,"CreationDate":"2012-07-17T19:25:00.000","Title":"Selenium stuck loading frame with basic authentication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working on automatically generating a local HTML file, and all the relevant data that I need is in a Python script. Without a web server in place, I'm not sure how to proceed, because otherwise I think an AJAX\/json solution would be possible. \nBasically in python I have a few list and dictionary objects that I need to use to create graphs using javascript and HTML. One solution I have (which really sucks) is to literally write HTML\/JS from within Python using strings, and then save to a file.\nWhat else could I do here? I'm pretty sure Javascript doesn't have file I\/O capabilities.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":10066,"Q_Id":11547150,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You just need to get the data you have in your python code into a form readable by your javascript, right?\nWhy not just take the data structure, convert it to JSON, and then write a .js file that your .html file includes that is simply var data = { json: \"object here\" };","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,file","A_Id":11547371,"CreationDate":"2012-07-18T17:37:00.000","Title":"How to transfer variable data from Python to Javascript without a web server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to capture search data from other websites? For example, if a user visits any website with a search field, I am interested in what that user types into that search field to get to the desired blogpost\/webpage\/product. I want to know if this is possible by scraping the site, or by any other means. Also, is it illegal to perform a scraping operation to record such data on a third party website? Also, if this is possible using PHP and Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":220,"Q_Id":11629077,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can check the http referrer and see what values have been put in the GET variable, but this is restricted to GET variables ONLY!","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"php,python,search,web-scraping","A_Id":11629117,"CreationDate":"2012-07-24T10:38:00.000","Title":"Capturing search data from other websites","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can my Python script get the URL of the currently active Google Chrome tab in Windows? This has to be done without interrupting the user, so sending key strokes to copy\/paste is not an option.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13519,"Q_Id":11645123,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I quite new to StackOverFlow so apologies if the comment is out of tone.\nAfter looking at :\n\nSelenium,\nlaunching chrome:\/\/History directly,\ndoing some keyboard emulation : copy\/paste with Pywinauto,\ntrying to use SOCK_RAW connections to capture the headers as per the Network tab of the DevTool (this one was very interesting), \ntrying to get text of the omnibus\/searchBar window element,\nclosing and reopening chrome to read the history tables,\n....\n\nI resulted in copy\/pasting the History file itself (\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\History) into my application folder when the title of the window (retrieved using the hwnd + win32) is missing from \"my\" urls table.\nThis can be done even if the sqlite db is locked and does not interfere with the user experience.\nVery basic solution that requires : sqlite3, psutil, win32gui.\nHope that helps.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,winapi,google-chrome","A_Id":57915124,"CreationDate":"2012-07-25T07:56:00.000","Title":"How do I get the URL of the active Google Chrome tab in Windows?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In selenium testing, there is htmlunitdriver which you can run tests without browser with. I need to do this with windmill too. Is there a way to do this in windmill?\nThank!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":364,"Q_Id":11645451,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're looking to run Windmill in headless mode (no monitor) you can do it by running\nXvfb :99 -ac &\nDISPLAY=:99 windmill firefox -e test=\/path\/to\/your\/test.py","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,windmill,browser-testing","A_Id":12344550,"CreationDate":"2012-07-25T08:17:00.000","Title":"Windmill-Without web browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have to write a Listener for ActiveMQ in python.\nIs there any python package which could be used to write the listener.\nAlso what is with Stomp\/Openwire protocol. When i start activemq, i see three urls with protocol namely tcp, ssl, stomp. \nAny help will be appreciated\nEDIT!: Another question I have is suppose we start the broker with stomp as well as openwire protocol. Lets say the broker Url is now tcp:\/\/localhost:61616 and stomp:\/\/localhost:61613. So now the broker is listening on two different ports. My question is if a producer publishes a message on tcp port will that message could be consumed by a subscriber on stomp port? Also what If two subscribers on tcp and stomp respectively are waiting on the same queue, will they both receive the message?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7213,"Q_Id":11647268,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Finally I am using STOMP python for listening to a ActiveMQ Broker. PyActiveMq is to unstable to be used as it is no more maintained.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,activemq","A_Id":11719245,"CreationDate":"2012-07-25T10:00:00.000","Title":"ActiveMQ Listener in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to list all my HIT types (not HITs or assignments) using the mturk api?\nI can't find any documentation on this. I'm using python, so it'd be nice if boto supported this query.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":362,"Q_Id":11673711,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Looking through the MTurk API (http:\/\/docs.amazonwebservices.com\/AWSMechTurk\/latest\/AWSMturkAPI\/Welcome.html) I don't see anything that returns a list of HIT types.  You should post a query to the MTurk forum (https:\/\/forums.aws.amazon.com\/forum.jspa?forumID=11).  It seems like a useful feature to add.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,boto,mechanicalturk","A_Id":11677299,"CreationDate":"2012-07-26T16:21:00.000","Title":"List all hitTypes through the mturk API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to list all my HIT types (not HITs or assignments) using the mturk api?\nI can't find any documentation on this. I'm using python, so it'd be nice if boto supported this query.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":362,"Q_Id":11673711,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Unfortunately there isn't. We resort to persisting every HitType locally that we create through turk's api at houdiniapi.com which works just fine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,boto,mechanicalturk","A_Id":11678042,"CreationDate":"2012-07-26T16:21:00.000","Title":"List all hitTypes through the mturk API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to show continuous real time updates in browser like facebook ticker, meetup.com home page does? In python, PHP, node.js and what would be the performance impact at the server side ?\nAlso how could we achieve the same update thing if the page is cached by an CDN like akamai?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5085,"Q_Id":11688397,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could use a poll, long-poll or if you want a push system. Easiest would be a poll. However, all solutions require client side coding.\nPerformance impact depends on your solution. Easiest to implement would be a poll. A poll with short frequency does effectively a request every, say 100ms ot simulate real time. A long-poll would be of less impact, but it would keep open a lot of request during a more or less time.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"php,python,node.js,asynchronous,real-time","A_Id":11688432,"CreationDate":"2012-07-27T13:08:00.000","Title":"How to show continuous real time updates like facebook ticker, meetup.com home page does?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working with urllib and urllib2 in python and am using them to retrieve images from urls.\nUsing something similar to :\n\ntry:\n    buffer=urllib2.url_open(urllib2.Request(url))\n    f.write(buffer)\n    f.close\nexcept (Errors that could occur):    #Network Errors(?)\n    print \"Failed to retrieve \"+url\n    pass\n\nNow what happens often is that the image does not load\/is broken when using the site via a normal web browser this is presumably because of high server load or because the image does not exist or could not be retrieved by the server.\nWhatever the reason may be, the image does not load and a similar situation can also\/is likely to occur when using the script. Since I do not know what error it might it throw up how do I handle it?\nI think mentioning all possible errors in the urllib2,urllib library in the except statement might be overkill so I need a better way.\n(I also might need to\/have to handle broken Wi-Fi, unreachable server and the like at times so more errors)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1816,"Q_Id":11697289,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"There are only two exceptions you'll see, HTTPError (HTTP status codes) and URLError (everything that can go wrong), so it's not like it's overkill handling both of them. You can even just catch URLError if you don't care about status codes, since HTTPError is a subclass of it.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,try-catch,urllib2,urllib","A_Id":11697336,"CreationDate":"2012-07-28T00:47:00.000","Title":"Python: trying to raise multi-purpose exception for multiple error types","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am making a social site where users can post content and the content has views. Whenever a user from a different IP address views the content, the view count is incremented; multiple requests coming from the same IP address do not count. However lately someone is iterating though a list of proxies or something and artificially increasing the view counts. How can I prevent this? Is there something I can do by checking headers or something? Thanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":216,"Q_Id":11697457,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The best way to do it is pattern-recognition, since most proxies won't tell you that they are a proxy: if you see certain spikes of traffic, flag them and don't add them to the hitcount.\nAlternatively, if (s)he's using the same proxies over and over again, just blacklist those IP addresses. You could also try to detect proxies by using some sort of API proxy list service or checking for listening proxy servers.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"php,python,http,header,hit","A_Id":11697490,"CreationDate":"2012-07-28T01:22:00.000","Title":"How can I prevent my website from being \"hit-boosted\"?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to call GET, POST, PUT, etc. requests to another URI because of search, but I cannot find a way to do that internally with pyramid. Is there any way to do it at the moment?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":552,"Q_Id":11701920,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Also check the response status code: response.status_int\nI use it for example, to introspect my internal URIs and see whether or not a given relative URI is really served by the framework (example to generate breadcrumbs and make intermediate paths as links only if there are pages behind)","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,pyramid","A_Id":13202389,"CreationDate":"2012-07-28T14:35:00.000","Title":"Pyramid subrequests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm currently using urllib2 and BeautifulSoup to open and parse html data. However I've ran into a problem with a site that uses javascript to load the images after the page has been rendered (I'm trying to find the image source for a certain image on the page).\nI'm thinking Twill could be a solution, and am trying to open the page and use a regular expression with 'find' to return the html string I'm looking for. I'm having some trouble getting this to work though, and can't seem to find any documentation or examples on how to use regular expressions with Twill. \nAny help or advice on how to do this or solve this problem in general would be much appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":225,"Q_Id":11705835,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'd rather user CSS selectors or \"real\" regexps on page source. Twill is AFAIK not being worked on. Have you tried BS or PyQuery with CSS selectors?","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,regex,beautifulsoup,twill","A_Id":11712834,"CreationDate":"2012-07-29T00:57:00.000","Title":"Using Regular Expression with Twill","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to get the content of a HTML table generated dynamically by JavaScript in a webpage & parse it using  BeautifulSoup to use certain values from the table.\nSince the content is generated by JavaScript it's not available in source (driver.page_source).\nIs there any other way to obtain the content and use it? It's table containing list of tasks, I need to parse the table and identify whether specific task I'm searching for is available.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1222,"Q_Id":11706424,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You'd need to figure out what HTTP requests the Javascript is making, and make the same ones in your Python code. You can do this by using your favorite browser's development tools, or wireshark if forced.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,regex,selenium,webdriver,beautifulsoup","A_Id":11707106,"CreationDate":"2012-07-29T03:31:00.000","Title":"Get dynamic html table using selenium & parse it using beautifulsoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Can each node of selenium grid run different python script\/test?\n- how to setup?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":382,"Q_Id":11716677,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, use different browser configurations in the hub, and use two or more programs to contact the grid with different browsers","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,testing,selenium","A_Id":11718057,"CreationDate":"2012-07-30T06:58:00.000","Title":"Can each node of selenium grid run different script\/test? - how to setup?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing a group chat application to learn how to use sockets, threads (maybe), and asycore module(maybe).\nWhat my thought was have a client-server architecture so that when a client connects to the server the server sends the client a list of other connects (other client 'user name', ip addres) and then a person can connect to one or more people at a time and the server would set up a P2P connection between the client(s).  I have the socket part working, but the server can only handle one client connection at a time.\nWhat would be the best, most common, practical way to go about handling multiple connections? \nDo I create a new process\/thread whenever I new connection comes into the server and then connect the different client connections together, or use the asycore module which from what I understand makes the server send the same data to multiple sockets(connection) and I just have to regulate where the data goes.  \nAny help\/thoughts\/advice would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1547,"Q_Id":11725192,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For a group chat application, the general approach will be:\nServer side (accept process):\n\nCreate the socket, bind it to a well known port (and on appropriate interface) and listen\nWhile (app_running)\n\nClient_socket = accept (using serverSocket)\nSpawn a new thread and pass this socket to the thread. That thread handles the client that just connected.\nContinue, so that server can continue to accept more connections.\n\n\nServer-side client mgmt Thread:\n\nwhile app_running:\n\nread the incoming message, and store to a queue or something.\ncontinue\n\n\nServer side (group chat processing):\n\nFor all connected clients:\n\ncheck their queues. If any message present, send that to ALL the connected clients (including the client that sent this message -- serves as ACK sort of)\n\n\nClient side:\n\ncreate a socket\nconnect to server via IP-address, and port\ndo send\/receive.\n\nThere can be lots of improvement on the above. Like the server could poll the sockets or use \"select\" operation on a group of sockets. That would make it efficient in the sense that having a separate thread for each connected client will be an overdose when there are many. (Think ~1MB per thread for stack).\nPS: I haven't really used asyncore module. But I am just guessing that you would notice some performance improvement when you have lots of connected clients and very less processing.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,multithreading,sockets,asynchronous","A_Id":11725633,"CreationDate":"2012-07-30T16:03:00.000","Title":"Group chat application in python using threads or asycore","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In a python cgi script I have many selects in a form (100 or so), and each select has 5 or 6 options to choose from.  I don't want to have a separate submit button, so I am using onchange=\"submit();\" to submit the form as soon as an option is selected from one of the many selects.  When I read the form data with  form.keys() the name of every select on the form is listed instead of just the one that was changed.  This requires me to compare the value selected in each select with the starting value to find out which one changed and this of course is very slow.  How can I just get the new value of the one select that was changed?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":130,"Q_Id":11755474,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If every select should be the only value that's needed, then every select is basically a form on its own.\nYou could either remove all other selects when you activate a single select (which is prone to errors), or simply put every select in its own form instead of using one giant form. Otherwise all data is going to be send.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,forms,cgi","A_Id":11755603,"CreationDate":"2012-08-01T08:34:00.000","Title":"many selects (dropdowns) on html form, how to get just the value of the select that was changed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a python library for oAuth which can be run on Window and Linux?\nOn window I am using python-oauth but I could not find an installation for Linux","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":736,"Q_Id":11759307,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"All Python libraries that don't rely on native code or platform-specific APIs are portable. I don't see any of that in python-oauth or python-oauth2.\nSo your current library should work fine on Linux.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,oauth","A_Id":11759545,"CreationDate":"2012-08-01T12:33:00.000","Title":"Python: OAuth Library for Linux and Windows","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my app i sent packet by raw socket to another computer than get packet back and write the return packet to another computer by raw socket. \nMy app is c++ application run on Ubuntu work with nfqueue.\nI want to test sent packets for both computer1 and computer2 in order to check if they are as expected.\nI need to write an automation test that check my program, this automation test need to listen to the eth load the sent packets and check if they are as expected (ip,ports, payload).\nI am looking for a simple way (tool (with simple API), code) to do this.\nI need a simple way to listen (automate) to the eth .\nI preffer that the test will check the sender , but it might be difficult to find an api to listen the eth (i sent via raw socket) , so a suggested API that will check the receivers computers is also good.\nThe test application can be written in c++, java , python.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1276,"Q_Id":11762812,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The only way to check if a packet has been sent correctly is by verifying it's integrity on the receiving end.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c++,python,testing,networking","A_Id":11763064,"CreationDate":"2012-08-01T15:40:00.000","Title":"How to test if packet is sent correct?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my app i sent packet by raw socket to another computer than get packet back and write the return packet to another computer by raw socket. \nMy app is c++ application run on Ubuntu work with nfqueue.\nI want to test sent packets for both computer1 and computer2 in order to check if they are as expected.\nI need to write an automation test that check my program, this automation test need to listen to the eth load the sent packets and check if they are as expected (ip,ports, payload).\nI am looking for a simple way (tool (with simple API), code) to do this.\nI need a simple way to listen (automate) to the eth .\nI preffer that the test will check the sender , but it might be difficult to find an api to listen the eth (i sent via raw socket) , so a suggested API that will check the receivers computers is also good.\nThe test application can be written in c++, java , python.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1276,"Q_Id":11762812,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I operate tcpdump on the reciver coputer and save all packet to file.\nI analysis the tcpdump with python and check that packet send as expected in the test.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c++,python,testing,networking","A_Id":11809920,"CreationDate":"2012-08-01T15:40:00.000","Title":"How to test if packet is sent correct?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to parse a web page using Python's beautiful soup Python parser, and am running into an issue.\nThe header of the HTML we get from them declares a utf-8 character set, so Beautiful Soup encodes the whole document in utf-8, and indeed the HTML tags are encoded in UTF-8 so we get back a nicely structured HTML page.\nThe trouble is, this stupid website injects gb2312-encoded body text into the page that gets parsed as utf-8 by beautiful soup. Is there a way to convert the text from this \"gb2312 pretending to be utf-8\" state to \"proper expression of the character set in utf-8?\"","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":587,"Q_Id":11767001,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The simplest way might be to parse the page twice, once as UTF-8, and once as GB2312.  Then extract the relevant section from the GB2312 parse.\nI don't know much about GB2312, but looking it up it appears to at least agree with ASCII on the basic letters, numbers, etc.  So you should still be able to parse the HTML structure using GB2312, which would hopefully give you enough information to extract the part you need.\nThis may be the only way to do it, actually.  In general, GB2312-encoded text won't be valid UTF-8, so trying to decode it as UTF-8 should lead to errors.  The BeautifulSoup documentation says:\n\nIn rare cases (usually when a UTF-8 document contains text written in a completely different encoding), the only way to get Unicode may be to replace some characters with the special Unicode character \u201cREPLACEMENT CHARACTER\u201d (U+FFFD, \ufffd). If Unicode, Dammit needs to do this, it will set the .contains_replacement_characters attribute to True on the UnicodeDammit or BeautifulSoup object.\n\nThis makes it sound like BeautifulSoup just ignores decoding errors and replaces the erroneous characters with U+FFFD.  If this is the case (i.e., if your document has contains_replacement_characters == True), then there is no way to get the original data back from document once it's been decoded as UTF-8.  You will have to do something like what I suggested above, decoding the entire document twice with different codecs.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,encoding,character-encoding,web-scraping,beautifulsoup","A_Id":11767390,"CreationDate":"2012-08-01T20:23:00.000","Title":"Parsing a utf-8 encoded web page with some gb2312 body text with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So, what issue im running into is how do i know what element of my page made a post request? I have multiple elements that can make the post request on the page, but how do i get the values from the element that created the request? It seems like this would be fairly trivial,but i have come up with nothing, and when doing quite a few google searches i have come up with nothing again.\nIs there any way to do this using Bottle?\nI had an idea to an a route for an sql page (with authentication of course) for providing the action for the form and use the template to render the id in the action, but i was thinking there had to be a better way to do this without routing another page.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":53,"Q_Id":11770312,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could add a hidden input field to each form on the page with a specific value. On the server side, check the value of this field to detect which form the post request came from.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,post,bottle","A_Id":11770627,"CreationDate":"2012-08-02T02:36:00.000","Title":"Distinguishing post request's from possible poster elements","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The HTTP file and its contents are already downloaded and are present in memory. I just have to pass on the content to a decoder in gstreamer and play the content. However, I am not able to find the connecting link between the two.\nAfter reading the documentation, I understood that gstreamer uses httpsoupsrc for downloading and parsing of http files. But, in my case, I have my own parser as well as file downloader to do the same.  It takes the url and returns the data in parts to be used by the decoder.  I am not sure howto bypass httpsoupsrc and use my parser instead also how to link it to the decoder.\nPlease let me know if anyone knows how things can be done.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":241,"Q_Id":11786318,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use appsrc. You can pass chunks of your data to app source as needed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"gstreamer,python-gstreamer","A_Id":11802443,"CreationDate":"2012-08-02T21:49:00.000","Title":"How to hook custom file parser to Gstreamer Decoder?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Given a graph G, a node n and a length L, I'd like to collect all (non-cyclic) paths of length L that depart from n.\nDo you have any idea on how to approach this?\nBy now, I my graph is a networkx.Graph instance, but I do not really care if e.g. igraph is recommended.\nThanks a lot!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6172,"Q_Id":11809856,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"A very simple way to approach (and solve entirely) this problem is to use the adjacency matrix A of the graph. The (i,j) th element of A^L is the number of paths between nodes i and j of length L. So if you sum these over all j keeping i fixed at n, you get all paths emanating from node n of length L.\nThis will also unfortunately count the cyclic paths. These, happily, can be found from the element A^L(n,n), so just subtract that.\nSo your final answer is: \u03a3j{A^L(n,j)} - A^L(n,n).\nWord of caution: say you're looking for paths of length 5 from node 1: this calculation will also count the path with small cycles inside like 1-2-3-2-4, whose length is 5 or 4 depending on how you choose to see it, so be careful about that.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,graph,networkx,igraph","A_Id":11810286,"CreationDate":"2012-08-04T15:38:00.000","Title":"All paths of length L from node n using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In Python's urlparse, you can use urlparse to parse the URL, and then parse_qsl to parse the query.\nI want to remove a query (name, value) pair, and then reconstruct the URL.\nThere is a urlunparse method, but no unparse_qsl method.\nWhat is the correct way to reconstruct the query from the qsl list?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":782,"Q_Id":11820366,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The function urllib.urlencode is appropriate.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,urlparse","A_Id":11820400,"CreationDate":"2012-08-05T21:52:00.000","Title":"Python urlparse.unparse_qsl?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a site A where is installed a web portal written in python. \nThen, I have a site X (that is not static but change dinamically), where are stored some file. The site A and site X communicate through ftp.\nHow can i allow a registered user of the portal  to download a file like the file was in the site A. Is there a standard way to do this? \nSince the files can be large I would avoid to pass for the server.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":57,"Q_Id":11885062,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The only way to grant access in the manner that you want to is to pass it through your server , write a frontend on the FTP server, or provide a limited download of the file on the FTP (Temporary account).  The latter option is not secure and wouldn't recommend it although it would be easy to do. So, that leaves either passing the file through your server and handing it off to the user that way or having some kind of web frontend on the FTP server to serve the file. \nThe frontend on the FTP server would be the best option, although it requires more work, but the basic requirements are: \n\nLink generation\nDatabase of some kind to hold the links\/user's allowed to access it.\nA method to pass the authentication to this frontend so the user doesn't have to relogin anywhere, simple cookie\/session would be easiest but again is difficult.\n\nIt will require a lot of extra work but will be the most flexible, that is if it is possible to do this else I would stick with passing the data through or look into a third party CDN.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-applications,ftp,download","A_Id":11886438,"CreationDate":"2012-08-09T13:55:00.000","Title":"Make accessible a remote file to a registered user","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently using my own domain name for my Pythonanywhere app. The original username.pythonanywhere.com still serves the same content as www.my-domain.com, and I wanted to know if there would be duplicate search engine results from this.\nMy sitemap.xml file is written for www.my-domain.com in case that changes anything. I only want www.my-domain to be crawled.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":11892953,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"At the moment it is certainly possible. But would only realistically happen if you have people linking to your .pythonanywhere.com. We are currently working on a major upgrade that will give each webapp it's own wsgi server and the potential for this to occur will go away completely","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"search-engine,sitemap,pythonanywhere","A_Id":11899675,"CreationDate":"2012-08-09T22:31:00.000","Title":"Duplicate Search Engine results on Pythonanywhere","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using boto library in Python to get Amazon SQS messages. In exceptional cases I don't delete messages from queue in order to give a couple of more changes to recover temporary failures. But I don't want to keep receiving failed messages constantly. What I would like to do is either delete messages after receiving more than 3 times or not get message if receive count is more than 3.\nWhat is the most elegant way of doing it?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":21434,"Q_Id":11901273,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Other way could be you can put an extra identifier at the end of the message in your SQS queue. This identifier can keep the count of the number of times the message has been read. \nAlso if you want that your service should not poll these message again and again then you can create one more queue say \"Dead Message Queue\" and can transfer then message which has crossed the threshold to this queue.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,boto,amazon-sqs","A_Id":12972060,"CreationDate":"2012-08-10T12:03:00.000","Title":"How to get messages receive count in Amazon SQS using boto library in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using boto library in Python to get Amazon SQS messages. In exceptional cases I don't delete messages from queue in order to give a couple of more changes to recover temporary failures. But I don't want to keep receiving failed messages constantly. What I would like to do is either delete messages after receiving more than 3 times or not get message if receive count is more than 3.\nWhat is the most elegant way of doing it?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":21434,"Q_Id":11901273,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It should be done in few steps.\n\ncreate SQS connection :-\nsqsconnrec = SQSConnection(AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY)\ncreate queue object :-\nrequest_q = sqsconnrec.create_queue(\"queue_Name\")\nload the queue messages :-\nmessages= request_q.get_messages()\nnow you get the array of message objects and to find the total number of messages :-\njust do len(messages)\n\nshould work like charm.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,boto,amazon-sqs","A_Id":11960623,"CreationDate":"2012-08-10T12:03:00.000","Title":"How to get messages receive count in Amazon SQS using boto library in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"First of all, this question has no malicious purposes. I had asked the same question yesterday in stackoverflow but it was removed. I would like to learn if I have to log into an account when sending emails with attachments using python smtplib module. The reason I don't want to log in to an account is that because there is no account that I can use in my company. Or I can ask my company's IT department to set up an account, but until that I want to write the program code and test it. Please don't remove this question.\nBest Regards","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":11920330,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You don't have to have an account (ie. authenticate to your SMTP server) if your company's server is configured to accept mail from certain trusted networks.\nTypically SMTP servers consider the internal network as trusted and may accept mail from it\nwithout authentication.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,anonymous,smtplib","A_Id":11920368,"CreationDate":"2012-08-12T07:00:00.000","Title":"Do I have to log into an email account when sending emails using python smtplib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a way to take gads of inbound SMTP messages and drop them onto an AMQP broker for further routing and processing. The messages won't actually end up in a mailbox, but instead SMTP is used as a message gateway.\nI've written a Postfix After-Queue Content Filter in Python that drops the inbound SMTP message onto a RabbitMQ broker. That works well - I get the raw message over a queue and it gets picked up nicely by a consumer. The issue is that the AMQP connection is created and torn down with each message... the Content Filter script gets re-executed from scratch each time. I imagine that will end up being a performance issue.\nIf I could leverage something re-entrant I could reuse the connection. Or maybe I'm just approaching the whole thing incorrectly...","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1843,"Q_Id":11927409,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Making an AMQP connection over plain TCP is pretty quick.  Perhaps if you're using SSL then it's another story but you sure that enqueueing the raw message onto the AMQP exchange is going to be the bottleneck?  My guess would be that actually delivering the message via SMTP is going to be much slower so how fast you can queue things up isn't going to affect the throughput of the system.\nIf this piece does turn out to be a bottleneck I rather like creating little web servers using Sinatra, or Rack but it sounds like you might prefer a Python based solution.  Have the postfix content filter perform a HTTP POST using curl to a webserver, which maintains a persistent connection to the AMQP server.\nOf course now you have an extra moving part for which you need to think about monitoring, error handling and security.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,smtp,rabbitmq,postfix-mta,amqp","A_Id":11927486,"CreationDate":"2012-08-13T02:04:00.000","Title":"Sending raw SMTP messages to an AMQP broker","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I use socket in non-blocking mode, Client send data continuously to Server, although I set buffer for socket is big enough to save all data from client but Ewouldblock always threw, I don't know why, could you explain to me in detail about this Ewouldblock.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.761594156,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12052,"Q_Id":11927848,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"EWOULDBLOCK means that the socket send buffer is full when sending, or that the socket receive buffer is empty when receiving. You are supposed to use select() to detect when these conditions become false.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":11927873,"CreationDate":"2012-08-13T03:27:00.000","Title":"EWOULDBLOCK Error in socket programming","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a string like \"pe%20to%C5%A3i%20mai\". When I apply urllib.parse.unquote to it, I get \"pe to\\u0163i mai\". If I try to write this to a file, I get those exact simbols, not the expected glyph. \nHow can I transform the string to utf-8 so in the file I have the proper glyph instead?\nEdit: I'm using Python 3.2\nEdit2: So I figured out that the urllib.parse.unquote was working correctly, and my problem actually is that I'm serializing to YAML with yaml.dump and that seems to screw things up. Why?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4404,"Q_Id":11939286,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The urllib.parse.unquote returned a correct UTF-8 string and writing that straight to the file returned did the expected result. The problem was with yaml. By default it doesn't encode with UTF-8. \nMy solution was to do:\nyaml.dump(\"pe%20to%C5%A3i%20mai\",encoding=\"utf-8\").decode(\"unicode-escape\")\nThanks to J.F. Sebastian and Mark Byers for asking me the right questions that helped me figure out the problem!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,utf-8,python-3.x,yaml,urldecode","A_Id":11940331,"CreationDate":"2012-08-13T17:28:00.000","Title":"Decoding UTF-8 URL in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a local search engine in Python, which I feel was a good idea. It requires constant little changes and Python appears to be always readable when I go back. And it is good with regular expressions too. But now the engine is in demand online. Should I stick with python? Is there a good module\/library (I know urllib superficially, but I mean something more specialized) for wrapping a local search engine (as simple as a method taking the string\/query) with a method that can communicate with Javascript and keep\/sort\/order the incoming queries?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":208,"Q_Id":11949777,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you like Python, I would use Django or even Ruby on Rails. Both are great MVC (Model, View, Controller) frameworks which have manageable learning curves. I suggest Ruby on Rails because I was able to transition into it from Python and I really enjoyed its conventions and ease of use. Check them out.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":11953490,"CreationDate":"2012-08-14T09:51:00.000","Title":"Python search engine going online","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a python library that is able to extract the actually data of a mp3 (the actual voices\/sounds we listen to). I want to be able to use the data to compare with another mp3 file without the bitrate\/encoding affecting the process. How do i go about it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1041,"Q_Id":11963020,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Python has wave and the Wave_read object which has function named readframes(n). It will return series of hexadecimal characters (these are basically loudness\/amplitude of sound wave at particular time). You can compare two mp3 series of hexadecimal characters but you need to take care of bit depth and number of channels, as the stream output is dependent upon them. Something like- One character for an 8-bit mono signal, two from 8-bit stereo etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mp3","A_Id":11963096,"CreationDate":"2012-08-15T01:33:00.000","Title":"python - Extract data from mp3 file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a library available that can help make sure that JSON objects being sent back and forth between a server running Python and a Javascript client have not been corrupted?\nI'm thinking it would probably work by creating a hash of the object to be sent a long with the object. Then the receiver of the object could re-hash the object ans make sure that it matches the hash that it received.\nIs this something that I should even be concerned about, or is this something that browsers and clients normally have taken care of behind the scenes anyway?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":115,"Q_Id":12014050,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"TCP has built-in error checking, and so do most link layer network protocols. So there's both per-link and end-to-end checks taking place. The only thing this doesn't protect against is intentional modification of the data, e.g. by a firewall, proxy, or network hacker. However, they can modify the hash as well as the JSON, so adding a hash doesn't protect against them. If you need real, secure protection you need to use cryptography, e.g. SSL.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,hash,corruption,validation","A_Id":12014082,"CreationDate":"2012-08-17T22:35:00.000","Title":"Python-Javascript Hash library to make sure that a JSON object did not get corrupted in transit","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to send and receive messages between two Python programs using sockets. I can do this using the private IPs when the computers are connected to the same router, but how do I do it when there are 2 NATs separating them?\nThanks (my first SO question)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":668,"Q_Id":12014203,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Redis, could work but not the exact same functionality.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,sockets,nat","A_Id":12020661,"CreationDate":"2012-08-17T23:03:00.000","Title":"How do I communicate between 2 Python programs using sockets that are on separate NATs?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to write a script, preferably a Python code, to fill text areas in web pages and then click certain buttons. I've come across some solutions for this but none worked, mainly because cookies were not stored properly, for exmaple, there was a Python script to login to Facebook, which did seem to get it right in the shell screen, but when I opened Facebook in the browser it was logged out like nothing happened. Also, the code was hard coded for Facebook and I'm asking for something more general. So, please, if anyone had been successful with these kind of things, your advice is much needed. Open a web page, fill text in specified text elements, click a specified button, save cookies, that's all. Many thanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4599,"Q_Id":12022570,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"You can also take a look at IEC which uses windows API to run an instance of Internet explorer and give commands to it. Although it may not be good for large scale automation, but it is very easy to use.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,facebook,text,login,fill","A_Id":28718663,"CreationDate":"2012-08-18T22:05:00.000","Title":"Script to open web pages, fill texts and click buttons","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to find a link by its text but it's written in non-English characters (Hebrew to be precise, if that matters). The \"find_element_by_link_text('link_text')\" method would have otherwise suited my needs, but here it fails. Any idea how I can do that? Thanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":258,"Q_Id":12023402,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In the future you need to pastebin a representative snippet of your code, and certainly a traceback. I'm going to assume that when you say \"the code does not compile\" that you mean that you get an exception telling you you haven't declared an encoding.\nYou need a line at the top of your file that looks like # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- or whatever encoding the literals you've put in your file are in.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,hyperlink","A_Id":12023574,"CreationDate":"2012-08-19T00:55:00.000","Title":"Selenium in Python: how to click non-English link?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm sorry if my question is too elementary. I have some python code, which makes the machine act as a transparent proxy server using \"twisted\" library. Basically I want my own transparent proxy OUTSIDE my internal network and since I want to be able to monitor traffic, I need to have my own server. So I need a machine that runs my script 24\/7 and listens for http connections. What kind of server\/host do I need? Any host provider suggestions?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":223,"Q_Id":12027815,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Go for Amazon Ec2 instance, Ubantu server. If your process is not much memory consuming , you can go with Micro instance(617 Mb ram, 8 Gb HD) which is free for first year. Or you could go with small instance (1.7 GB ram and 8Gb HD), which might cost you little more. \nFor setting up the python code to run 24\/7 , you can create a daemon process in the instance. You can also put the twisted library\/ any other library in it. Should not take much time if you have worked with Amazon AWS.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,webserver,hosting","A_Id":12027902,"CreationDate":"2012-08-19T15:49:00.000","Title":"Web server to run python code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way to log http requests\/responses using Selenium Webdriver (firefox)?\nI guess it's possible to drive web traffic through proxy and log it, but maybe there is more simple \"internal\" selenium solution?\nAsked this question on #selenium channel:\n\n\n\nyou will need to proxy it to capture the requests\n\n\n\nso, looks like only way to setup proxy for it.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1705,"Q_Id":12034013,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"No, WebDriver doesn't have any methods to examine or modify the HTTP traffic occurring between the browser and the website. The information you've already gotten from the Selenium IRC channel (likely even from a Selenium committer) is correct. A proxy is the correct approach here.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":12036058,"CreationDate":"2012-08-20T07:53:00.000","Title":"Is there any way to log http requests\/responses using Selenium Webdriver (firefox)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have to make a html page with css and javascript that I have to enter a url in a form. With this url, I have to get some information from the html of the page with a Python 3.2 Script.\nI start learning Python some days ago and I have some question:\n\nI need CherryPy\/Django to do that? (I'm asking because I executed a script to get the entire html without using CherryPy\/Django and it works - no interaction with browser)\nCherryPy examples have the html built in the python code. I must write the html in the python script or can I have an html page that call the script with Ajax (or anything else)?\nIf I can use Ajax, is XmlHttpRequest a good choice?\n\nThank you! :D","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1126,"Q_Id":12043333,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, you don't need a web framework, but in general it's a good idea. Django seems like brutal overkill for this. CherryPy or Pyramid or some micro framework seems better.\nYou can have an HTML page that calls the CherryPy server, but since this page obviously is a part of the system\/service you are building, serving it from the server makes more sense.\nSure, why not.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"html,ajax,django,python-3.x,cherrypy","A_Id":12043550,"CreationDate":"2012-08-20T18:49:00.000","Title":"Call python script from html page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been using Paramiko today to work with a Python SSH connection, and it is useful.\nHowever one thing I'd really like to be able to do over the SSH is to utilise some Pythonic sugar. As far as I can tell I can only use the inbuilt Paramiko functions, and if I want to anything using Python on the remote side I would need to use a script which I have placed on there, and call it. \nIs there a way I can send Python commands over the SSH connection rather than having to make do only with the limitations of the Paramiko SSH connection? Since I am running the SSH connection through Paramiko within a Python script, it would only seem right that I could, but I can't see a way to do so.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":705,"Q_Id":12044262,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well, that is what SSH created for - to be a secure shell, and the commands are executed on the remote machine (you can think of it as if you were sitting at a remote computer itself, and that either doesn't mean you can execute Python commands in a shell, though you're physically interact with a machine).\nYou can't send Python commands simply because Python do not have commands, it executes Python scripts.\nSo everything you can do is a \"thing\" that will make next steps:\n\nWrap a piece of Python code into file.\nscp it to the remote machine.\nExecute it there.\nRemove the script (or cache it for further execution).\n\nBasically shell commands are remote machine's programs themselves, so you can think of those scripts like shell extensions (python programs with command-line parameters, e.g.).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssh,paramiko","A_Id":12044350,"CreationDate":"2012-08-20T19:57:00.000","Title":"using python commands within paramiko","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Have been using ActivePython on windows7 and lxml seems working without an issue..\nThere were a lot of other third party packages I had & they were working too..\nUntil I wanted to use it inside Web2Py.  \nAll the others seem to be working if I copy them directly inside c:\/web2py\/applications\/myApp\/modules\nWith lxml, seems I need to copy something else..  \nI have a third party module, which imports lxml like this : from lxml.etree import tostring \nIt ends up throwing - No module named lxml.etree\nMy test program outside web2py runs without an issue with both these modules.\nWhen I do a pypm files lxml I see this :\n%APPDATA%\\Python\\Python27\\site-packages\\lxml-2.3-py2.7.egg-info \nWhat else should I copy along with the lxml directory into the modules directory ?\nPretty sure it's me doing something wrong instead of Web2py, but can't put a finger on..\nweb2py version = Version 1.99.7 (2012-03-04 22:12:08) stable","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":277,"Q_Id":12046683,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you are using the Windows binary version of web2py, it comes with its own Python 2.5 interpreter and is self-contained, so it won't use your system's Python 2.7 nor see any of its modules. Instead, you should switch to running web2py from source. It's just as easy as the binary version -- just download the zip file and unzip it. You can then import lxml without moving anything to the application's \/modules folder.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,lxml,web2py,activepython","A_Id":12047285,"CreationDate":"2012-08-20T23:41:00.000","Title":"python - web2py - can't seem to find lxml - ActivePython - windows7","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have no way to wake up a thread being blocked by poll.poll() function . Could someone help me ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4068,"Q_Id":12050072,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"The way to handle this is to have an extra file descriptor included in the list of descriptors passed to poll().  For that descriptor wait for a read to be ready.  Have any other thread which wants to awaken the thread waiting on poll() write to that extra descriptor.  At that point, the thread which called poll() resumes execution, sees that the extra descriptor is that which awakened it, and does whatever.\nThe normal way to get this extra file descriptor initially is to open an unnamed pipe with pipe().  That way you have two descriptors: the one you hand the read wait in poll() on and the other which you write to to awaken the thread waiting on poll().","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":17333359,"CreationDate":"2012-08-21T07:24:00.000","Title":"How to wake up a thread being blocked by select.poll.poll() function from another thread in socket programming in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have no way to wake up a thread being blocked by poll.poll() function . Could someone help me ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4068,"Q_Id":12050072,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Use a timeout in your poll call, so it doesn't block indefinitely. N.B.: the timeout value is in milliseconds.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":12050224,"CreationDate":"2012-08-21T07:24:00.000","Title":"How to wake up a thread being blocked by select.poll.poll() function from another thread in socket programming in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This is the problem I'm trying to solve,\nI want to write an application that will read outbound http request packets on the same machine's network card. This would then be able to extract the GET url from it.On basis of this information, I want to be able to stop the packet, or redirect it , or let it pass. \nHowever I want my application to be running in promiscuous mode (like wireshark does), and yet be able to eat up (stop) the outbound packet.\nI have searched around a bit on this..\nlibpcap \/ pcap.h allows to me read packets at the network card, however I haven't yet been able to figure out a way to stop these packets or inject new ones into the network.\nCertain stuff like twisted or scapy in python, allows me set up a server that is listening on some local port, I can then configure my browser to connect to it, using proxy configurations. This app can then do the stuff.. but my main purpose of being promiscuous is defeated here..\nAny help on how I could achieve this would be greatly appreciated ..","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1109,"Q_Id":12072506,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Using pcap you cannot stop the packets, if you are under windows you must go down to the driver level... but you can stop only packets that your machine send.\nA solution is act as a pipe to the destination machine: You need two network interfaces (without address possibly), when you get a packet that you does not found interesting on the source network card you simply send it on the destination network card. If the packet is interesting you does not send it, so you act as a filter. I have done it for multimedia performance test (adding jitter, noise, etc.. to video streaming)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,c,networking","A_Id":12075452,"CreationDate":"2012-08-22T11:53:00.000","Title":"Stop packets at the network card","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a question. I have read various RFCs and so many info on internet.\nI read that DNS through UDP has a 512 bytes limit. I want to write a python program that use this max limit to create a well generated DNS request. It is very important to use UDP and not the TCP DNS implementation.\nI have tried using public libraries but they did not use the 512 bytes that can be use like the RFC says.\nIt is very important too, to use the ~ 512 bytes to sent so much data in a single request.\nThank you for your help!\nLet's make it happens!! ;)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":988,"Q_Id":12083628,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"The 512 bytes limit is for a dns message, not specifically for a request, and the limitation is only valid for responses, which can contain Resource Records.\nFor a request you are limited to the 253 bytes of the domain name. \nYou might be able to manually create a query containing Resource Records, but it will probably be dropped by your local dns server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,dns,size","A_Id":12087906,"CreationDate":"2012-08-23T01:37:00.000","Title":"Make a 512 UDP bytes DNS request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need python script that can sniff and decode SIP messages in order to check their correctness.\nAs a base for this script I use python-libpcap library for packets sniffing. I can catch UDP packet and extract SIP payload from it, but I don't know how to decode it. Does python has any libraries for packets decoding? I've found only dpkt, but as I understood it can't decode SIP. \nIf there are no such libraries how can I do this stuff by hands?\nThank you in advance!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5300,"Q_Id":12094148,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Finally I did this with help of pyshark from the sharktools (http:\/\/www.mit.edu\/~armenb\/sharktools\/). In order to sniff IP packages I used scapy instead of libpcap.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sip,decode,pcap","A_Id":12708904,"CreationDate":"2012-08-23T14:38:00.000","Title":"Decode SIP messages with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm building an Android IM chat app for fun. I can develop the Android stuff well but i'm not so good with the networking side so I am looking at using XMPP on AWS servers to run the actual IM side. I've looked at OpenFire and ejabberd which i could use. Does anyone have any experience with them or know a better one? I'm mostly looking for sending direct IM between friends and group IM with friends.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":365,"Q_Id":12095507,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As an employee of ProcessOne, the makers of ejabberd, I can tell you we run a lot of services over AWS, including mobile chat apps. We have industrialized our procedures.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ruby,amazon-ec2,amazon-web-services,xmpp","A_Id":12095630,"CreationDate":"2012-08-23T15:48:00.000","Title":"Running XMPP on Amazon for a chat app","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm building an Android IM chat app for fun. I can develop the Android stuff well but i'm not so good with the networking side so I am looking at using XMPP on AWS servers to run the actual IM side. I've looked at OpenFire and ejabberd which i could use. Does anyone have any experience with them or know a better one? I'm mostly looking for sending direct IM between friends and group IM with friends.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":365,"Q_Id":12095507,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Try to explore more about Amazon SQS( Simple Queuing Service) . It might come handy for your requirement.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ruby,amazon-ec2,amazon-web-services,xmpp","A_Id":12095743,"CreationDate":"2012-08-23T15:48:00.000","Title":"Running XMPP on Amazon for a chat app","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Trying to debug a website in IE9. I am running it via Python.\nIn chrome, safari, firefox, and opera, the site loads immediately, but in IE9 it seems to hang and never actually loads.\nCould this possibly be an issue with http pipelining? Or something else? And how might I fix this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":408,"Q_Id":12098732,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You need to specify what Python \"Web server\" you're using (e.g. bottle? Maybe Tornado? CherryPy?), but more important, you need to supply what request headers and what HTTP response go in and out when IE9 is involved.\nYou may lift them off the wire using e.g. ngrep, or I think you can use Developers Tools in IE9 (F12 key).\nThe most common quirks with IE9 that often do not bother Web browsers are mismatches in Content-Length (well, this DID bother Safari last time I looked), possibly Content-Type (this acts in reverse - IE9 sometimes correctly gleans HTML mimetype even if the Content-Type is wrong), Connection: Close.\nSo yes, it could be a problem with HTTP pipelining: specifically if you pipeline a request with invalid Content-Length and not even chunked-transfer-encoding, IE might wait for the request to \"finish\". This would happen in Web browsers too; but it could then be that this behavior, in IE, overrides the connection being flushed and closed, while in Web browsers it does not. These two hypotheses might match your observed symptoms.\nTo fix that, you either switch to chunked transfer encoding, which replaces Content-Length in a way, or correctly compute its value. How to do this depends on the server.\nTo verify quickly, you could issue a Content-Length surely too short (e.g. 100 bytes?) to see whether this results in IE un-hanging and displaying a partial web page.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,debugging,internet-explorer-9,pipeline","A_Id":12098951,"CreationDate":"2012-08-23T19:30:00.000","Title":"IE9 and Python issues?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a script that is intended to be run by multiple users on multiple computers, and they don't all have their Dropbox folders in their respective home directories. I'd hate to have to hard code paths in the script. I'd much rather figure out the path programatically.\nAny suggestions welcome.\nEDIT:\nI am not using the Dropbox API in the script, the script simply reads files in a specific Dropbox folder shared between the users. The only thing I need is the path to the Dropbox folder, as I of course already know the relative path within the Dropbox file structure.\nEDIT:\nIf it matters, I am using Windows 7.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12977,"Q_Id":12118162,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"One option is you could go searching for the .dropbox.cache directory which (at least on Mac and Linux) is a hidden folder in the Dropbox directory.\nI am fairly certain that Dropbox stores its preferences in an encrypted .dbx container, so extracting it using the same method that Dropbox uses is not trivial.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,directory,dropbox","A_Id":12118287,"CreationDate":"2012-08-25T00:18:00.000","Title":"How to determine the Dropbox folder location programmatically?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"is snmp really required to manage devices ?\ni'd like to script something with python to manage devices (mainly  servers), such as disk usage, process list etc.\ni'm learning how to do and many article speak about snmp protocole.\nI can't use, for example, psutil, or subprocess or os modules, and send information via udp ?\nThanks a lot","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":12147224,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The SNMP is a standard monitoring (and configuration) tool used widely in managing network devices (but not only). I don't understand your question fully - is it a problem that you cannot use SNMP because device does not support it (what does it support then?) To script anything you have to know what interface is exposed to you (if not a MIB files then what?). Did you read about NETCONF?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,monitoring,snmp","A_Id":12147545,"CreationDate":"2012-08-27T18:11:00.000","Title":"is snmp required","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"is snmp really required to manage devices ?\ni'd like to script something with python to manage devices (mainly  servers), such as disk usage, process list etc.\ni'm learning how to do and many article speak about snmp protocole.\nI can't use, for example, psutil, or subprocess or os modules, and send information via udp ?\nThanks a lot","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":12147224,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, it's not required, but your question is sort of like asking if you're required to use http to serve web pages.  Technically you don't need it, but if you don't use it you're giving up interoperability with a lot of existing client software.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,monitoring,snmp","A_Id":12148746,"CreationDate":"2012-08-27T18:11:00.000","Title":"is snmp required","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to know what mechanism is more efficient (less RAM\/CPU)  to read and write files, especially write. Possibly a JSON data structure. The idea is perform these operations in a context of WebSockets (client -> server -> read\/write file with data of the actual session -> response to client).... Best idea is to store the data in temporal variables and destroy vars when are not useful?\nAny idea?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":335,"Q_Id":12154854,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"They will probably both be about the same. I\/O is generally a lot slower than CPU, so the entire process of reading and writing files will depend on how fast your disk can handle the requests.\nIt also will depend on the data-processing approach you take. If you opt to read the whole file in at once, then of course it will use more memory than if you choose to read the file piece-by-piece.\nSo, the answer is: the performance will only (very minimally) depend on your choice of language. Choice of algorithm and I\/O performance will easily account for the majority of CPU or RAM usage.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":12154925,"CreationDate":"2012-08-28T07:44:00.000","Title":"Write\/Read files: NodeJS vs Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a project which requires a great deal of data scraping to be done.\nI've been looking at Scrapy which so far I am very impressed with but I am looking for the best approach to do the following:\n1) I want to scrape multiple URL's and pass in the same variable for each URL to be scraped, for example, lets assume I am wanting to return the top result for the keyword \"python\" from Bing, Google and Yahoo.\nI would want to scrape http:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/q=python, http:\/\/www.yahoo.com?q=python and http:\/\/www.bing.com\/?q=python (not the actual URLs but you get the idea)\nI can't find a way to specify dynamic URLs using the keyword, the only option I can think of is to generate a file in PHP or other which builds the URL and specify scrapy to crawl the links in the URL.\n2) Obviously each search engine would have its own mark-up so I would need to differentiate between each result to find the corresponding XPath to extract the relevant data from\n3) Lastly, I would like to write the results of the scraped Item to a database (probably redis), but only when all 3 URLs have finished scraping, essentially I am wanting to build up a \"profile\" from the 3 search engines and save the outputted result in one transaction.\nIf anyone has any thoughts on any of these points I would be very grateful.\nThank you","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2710,"Q_Id":12160673,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"1) In the BaseSpider, there is an __init__ method that can be overridden in subclasses. This is where the declaration of the start_urls and allowed_domains variables are set. If you have a list of urls in mind, prior to running the spider, than you can insert them dynamically here.\nFor example, in a few of the spiders I have built, I pull in preformatted groups of URL's from MongoDB, and insert them into the start_urls list in once bulk insert.\n2)This might be a little bit more tricky, but you could easily see the crawled URL by looking in the response object (response.url). You should be able to check to see if the url contains 'google', 'bing', or 'yahoo', and then use the prespecified selectors for a url of that type.\n3) I am not so sure that #3 is possible, or at least not without some difficulty. As far as I know, the url's in the start_urls list are not crawled orderly, and they each arrive in the pipeline independently. I am not sure that without some serious core hacking, you will be able to collect a group of response objects and pass them into a pipeline together. \nHowever, you might consider serializing the data to disk temporarily, and then bulk-saving the data later on to your database. One of the crawlers I built receives groups of URLs that are around 10000 in number. Rather than making 10000 single item database insertions, I store the urls (and collected data) in BSON, and than insert it into MongoDB later.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":12161314,"CreationDate":"2012-08-28T13:47:00.000","Title":"Scrapy approach to scraping multiple URLs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any way to generate various events like:\n\nfilling an input field\nsubmitting a form\nclicking a link\nHandling redirection etc\n\nvia python beautiful soup library. If not what's the best way to do above (basic functionality).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":102,"Q_Id":12161140,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"BeautifulSoup is a tool for parsing and analyzing HTML. It cannot talk to web servers, so you'd need another library to do that, like urllib2 (builtin, but low-level) or requests (high-level, handles cookies, redirection, https etc. out of the box). Alternatively, you can look at mechanize or windmill, or if you also require JavaScript code to be executed, phantomjs.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup","A_Id":12163450,"CreationDate":"2012-08-28T14:10:00.000","Title":"Generate various events in 'Web scraping with beautiful soup'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Which should be used and for what? \nIs there any advantage to one over the other?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":271,"Q_Id":12184372,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"It is only a matter of abstraction levels. In most cases, you will want to use the highest level API. \n\nLayer1 API is a direct mapping of Amazon's API\nlayer2 API add some nice abstractions like a generator for scan and query results as well as answer cleaning.\n\nWhen you call layer2, it calls layer1 which ends up generating HTTP calls.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,boto,amazon-dynamodb","A_Id":12184769,"CreationDate":"2012-08-29T18:35:00.000","Title":"In Python Boto's API for DynamoDB, what are the differences between Layer1 and Layer2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible for a client to establish a SSL connection to a server using the server's certificate already exchanged through other means?\nThe point would be to encrypt the connection using the certificate already with the client and not have to rely on the server to provide it. The server would still have the private key for the certificate the client uses.\nThis question isn't language specific, but answers specific to python and twisted are appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2594,"Q_Id":12195063,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In TLS, the server (the side which listen's for connections) always needs a certificate. Client-side certificates may be used only for peer authentication, but not for the channel encryption.\nKeep in mind also, that you can't simply \"encrypt\" a connection without some infrastructure to verify the certificates in some way (using certification authorities, or trust databases for example). Encryption without certificate validity verification does not hold against an active adversary (google for 'man in the middle attack' for more details on this).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,encryption,twisted,ssl","A_Id":12195181,"CreationDate":"2012-08-30T10:42:00.000","Title":"SSL connection with client-side certificate","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to change the file name of a file with selenium in python before\/after it downloads? I do not want to use the os module. Thanks!\nFor example, what if my file was being download to C:\\foo\\bar, and its name is foo.csv, could i change it to bar.csv.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1061,"Q_Id":12201074,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"No this is not possible with any Selenium library.\nUse the normal Python method of renaming a file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":12201383,"CreationDate":"2012-08-30T16:05:00.000","Title":"changing the name of a downloaded file selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I just have a simple question here. I'm making a total of 10 calls to the Twitch TV API and indexing them, which is rather slow (15 seconds - 25 seconds slow).\nWhenever I make these calls browser side (i.e. throw them into my url), they load rather quickly. Since I am coding in python, is there any way I could fetch\/index multiple URL's using say, jinja2?\nIf not, is there anything else I could do?\nThank you!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":159,"Q_Id":12202815,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you don't expect them to change constantly, you can cache the results in memcache and only hit the real API when necessary.\nOn top of that, if you think that the API calls are predictable, you can do this using a backend, and memcache the results (basically scraping), so that users can get at the cached results rather than having to hit the real API.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api,google-app-engine,jinja2","A_Id":12203940,"CreationDate":"2012-08-30T18:00:00.000","Title":"API Call Is Extremely Slow Server Side on GAE but Fast Browser Side","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Are there any generally accepted practices to get around this? Specifically, for user-submitted images uploaded to a web service. My application is running in Python.\nSome hacked solutions that came to mind:\n\nDisplay the uploaded image from a local directory until the S3 image is ready, then \"hand it off\" and update the database to reflect the change.\nDisplay a \"waiting\" progress indicator as a background gif and the image will just appear when it's ready (w\/ JavaScript)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":323,"Q_Id":12241945,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'd save time and not do anything.  The wait times are pretty fast.  \nIf you wanted to stall the end-user, you could just show a 'success' page without the image.  If the image isn't available, most regular users will just hit reload.\nIf you really felt like you had to... I'd probably go with a javascript solution like this:\n\nhave a 'timestamp uploaded' column in your data store\nif the upload time is under 1 minute, instead of rendering an img=src tag... render some javascript that polls the s3 bucket in 15s intervals\n\nAgain, chances are most users will never experience this - and if they do, they won't really care.  The UX expectations of user generated content are pretty low ( just look at Facebook ); if this is an admin backend for an 'enterprise' service that would make workflow better, you may want to invest time on the 'optimal' solution.  For a public facing website though, i'd just forget about it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,amazon-web-services","A_Id":12242133,"CreationDate":"2012-09-03T04:22:00.000","Title":"What are some ways to work with Amazon S3 not offering read-after-write consistency in US Standard?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a CherryPy application running successfully using the built-in digest authentication tool and no session support.  Now, I would like to expose additional features to certain users.  Is it possible to obtain the currently-authenticated user from the authorization system?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2411,"Q_Id":12251490,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Found the user name encoded in the HTTP request header Authorization.  I am able to parse it from there.  If there's a \"better\" place to obtain the username, I'm open to improvements!","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,authentication,cherrypy","A_Id":12255276,"CreationDate":"2012-09-03T16:37:00.000","Title":"How to get username with CherryPy digest authentication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to use Selenium for some app testing, and I need it to plug a variable in when filling a form instead of a hardcoded string. IE: \nthis works\nname_element.send_keys(\"John Doe\")\nbut this doesnt\nname_element.send_keys(username)\nDoes anyone know how I can accomplish this? Pretty big Python noob, but used Google extensively to try and find out.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9992,"Q_Id":12289700,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think username might be a variable in the python library you are using. Try calling it something else like Username1 and see if it works??","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":60626053,"CreationDate":"2012-09-05T21:00:00.000","Title":"Passing variables through Selenium send.keys instead of strings","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to use Selenium for some app testing, and I need it to plug a variable in when filling a form instead of a hardcoded string. IE: \nthis works\nname_element.send_keys(\"John Doe\")\nbut this doesnt\nname_element.send_keys(username)\nDoes anyone know how I can accomplish this? Pretty big Python noob, but used Google extensively to try and find out.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9992,"Q_Id":12289700,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Try this.  \n\nusername = r'John Doe'\n\nname_element.send_keys(username)\n\nI was able to pass the string without casting it just fine in my test.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":47662083,"CreationDate":"2012-09-05T21:00:00.000","Title":"Passing variables through Selenium send.keys instead of strings","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Are there any Tools \/ Chrome plugins like \"Advanced REST Plugin\" for Chrome that I can use to Test Twisted RPC JSON calls?\nOr do I have to write some Python code to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":76,"Q_Id":12292723,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"When it comes to testing, you sould always use code, so that if you change something in the future or if you have to fix a bug, testing your changes will be a matter of seconds:\npython mytestsuite.py","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,testing,twisted,twisted.web","A_Id":12486382,"CreationDate":"2012-09-06T03:53:00.000","Title":"Tools to Test RPC twisted calls?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to export a website(.html page) to a XML file. The website contains a table with some data which i require for using in my web project. The table in the website is formed using some javascript, so i cannot get the data by getting the page source. Please tell me how I can export the table in the website to a XML file using php\/python\/javascript\/perl.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2036,"Q_Id":12295834,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You could try to reverse engineer the javascript code. Maybe it's making an ajax request to a service, that delivers the data as json. Use your browsers developer tools\/network tab to see what's going on.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,javascript,python,xml,perl","A_Id":12295930,"CreationDate":"2012-09-06T08:20:00.000","Title":"Export a website to an XML Page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need nodes in different shapes in NetworkX, some rectangle and triangle nodes. Does anybody know if it is possible?\nregards","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1795,"Q_Id":12317388,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Found it, there is a property node_shape that allows changing shape.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,networkx","A_Id":12317478,"CreationDate":"2012-09-07T11:38:00.000","Title":"changing node shape in NetworkX","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In selenium i am trying to enter text into the tinymce text area, but i am having trouble selecting the text area to input the text. Is there a way to select the text area behind tinymce or anyway to select tinymce so i can enter text. thanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":525,"Q_Id":12320273,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use command: runScript \nTarget:  tinyMCE.get('text_area_id').setContent('Your text here')\nor you can use tinyMCE.activeEditor.setContent('Your text here') which will select either the first or the last mceEditor, I forget..","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,tinymce","A_Id":22871270,"CreationDate":"2012-09-07T14:39:00.000","Title":"Having trouble inputting into tinymce via selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have read this example from AutobahnPython: https:\/\/github.com\/tavendo\/AutobahnPython\/tree\/master\/examples\/websocket\/broadcast\nIt looks pretty easy to understand and practice. But I want to add a little more. Members who submit the correct secret string can send the messages, anyone else can only view the information transmitted. Any idea?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1310,"Q_Id":12321301,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Well it is purely your logic in the code. When you receive the message you are simply broadcasting it, what you have to do is to pass this onto a custom function, and there, do a check:  \nCreate a temporary array that contains list of active authenticated users. when user logs on, it should send this special string, match it, if OK, add this user to this active user list array, if not don't add it. Later, call the bradcast function but rather then taking all online users, use this custom array instead.  \nThat is all that you have to do.\nMake sure when someone logs out, remove him from this array.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,websocket,broadcasting,autobahn","A_Id":14835403,"CreationDate":"2012-09-07T15:39:00.000","Title":"Python - Broadcasting with WebSocket using AutobahnPython","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I currently have the problem that I have a server script running on one computer as localhost:12123. I can connect to it using the same computer but using another computer in the same network does not connect to it (says it does not exist). Firewall is disabled.\nDoes it have to do with permissions?\nThe socket is created by a python file using BaseHTTPServer.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1991,"Q_Id":12333831,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Bind to 0.0.0.0 or the outside IP address instead, obviously.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,port","A_Id":12333846,"CreationDate":"2012-09-08T19:34:00.000","Title":"How to make HTTP server with port not 80 available for network?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I created a program which listens to particular socket in python, however I ctrl+c'd script which resulted in .close() nor called, however how can I free the socket now.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":142,"Q_Id":12336611,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The socket is closed when the process exits. The port it was using may hang around for a couple of minutes, that's normal, then it will disappear. If you need to re-use the port immediately, set SO_REUSEADDR before binding or connecting.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":12336669,"CreationDate":"2012-09-09T04:57:00.000","Title":"closing a previously opened socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to scrape a webpage that changes its content via a <select> tag. When I select a different option, the content of the page dynamically changes. I want to know if there is a way that I can change the option from a python script so I can get the content from all different pages of all different options in <select> tag.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2430,"Q_Id":12349295,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I assume you use some library like urllib to do the scraping. You already know the website's content changes dynamically.  I also assume that the dynamic content uses server-side interaction. This means, using javascript (ajax) the browser requests new data from the server, based on the value from the selection). \nIf so, then you could try to emulate the ajax call to the server in your web scraping library. \n\nFirst, using a browser debugging tool find out the url to the server that is being invoked.\nSplit the parameters parts in the ajax call\nPerform the same call to lookup the options in the select tag.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":12349430,"CreationDate":"2012-09-10T09:57:00.000","Title":"How to scrape a webpage that changes content from  tag","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to scrape a webpage that changes its content via a <select> tag. When I select a different option, the content of the page dynamically changes. I want to know if there is a way that I can change the option from a python script so I can get the content from all different pages of all different options in <select> tag.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2430,"Q_Id":12349295,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As @Tichodroma said, when the select is changed, either:\n\nSome content previously hidden on the page is made visible, or:\nAn ajax call is made to retrieve some additional content and add it to the DOM\n\nIn both cases, JavaScript is involved. Have a look at it, and depending on what is happening (case #1 or #2), you should:\n\nScrape the whole page, since all the content you want is already in it, or:\nMake several calls to the file usually called using ajax to retrieve the content you want for each value of the <select>","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":12349434,"CreationDate":"2012-09-10T09:57:00.000","Title":"How to scrape a webpage that changes content from  tag","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Backdrop: Am building a shopify app using a test store provided by shopify. #Python #Django-\nProblem: I have setup shopify webhooks for my test store using the python API for the topics \"products\/update\" and \"products\/delete\". But my endpoints are not called by shopify when I manually update or delete a product on my test store.\nMy detective work so far: I have checked the following:\n\nI have confirmed that the webhooks were successfully created using the API. I simply listed all the existing webhooks using the API for the store and mine are there.\nThe address\/URL I specified in the webhook for shopify to call in the event of a product update or delete is a public url, as in it is not on my localhost. (not 127.0.0.1:8000 etc.)\nMy webhook endpoint is fine. When I manually call my endpoint in a test case, it does what it should.\nI contacted the shopify apps support guys, and I was asked to post this issue here.\n\nAnother minor issue is that I cannot find in the shopify API docs exactly what JSON\/XML the webhook will POST to my URL in the event it should. So I do not know what that JSON will look like...\nAny help would be appreciated!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2272,"Q_Id":12354189,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Thanks for the answers guys, but I found out that the issue was something else.\nI forgot to make a CSRF exemption for the POST request URL that Shopify calls and also forgot to add a trailing slash '\/' at the end of the URL I told the webhook to call.\nI guess I would have caught these errors if I used something like postcatcher.in as suggested in the comments above. I din't bother doing that as it looked like too much of a hassle.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,django,shopify,webhooks","A_Id":12423594,"CreationDate":"2012-09-10T14:50:00.000","Title":"Shopify webhook not working when product updated\/deleted","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Backdrop: Am building a shopify app using a test store provided by shopify. #Python #Django-\nProblem: I have setup shopify webhooks for my test store using the python API for the topics \"products\/update\" and \"products\/delete\". But my endpoints are not called by shopify when I manually update or delete a product on my test store.\nMy detective work so far: I have checked the following:\n\nI have confirmed that the webhooks were successfully created using the API. I simply listed all the existing webhooks using the API for the store and mine are there.\nThe address\/URL I specified in the webhook for shopify to call in the event of a product update or delete is a public url, as in it is not on my localhost. (not 127.0.0.1:8000 etc.)\nMy webhook endpoint is fine. When I manually call my endpoint in a test case, it does what it should.\nI contacted the shopify apps support guys, and I was asked to post this issue here.\n\nAnother minor issue is that I cannot find in the shopify API docs exactly what JSON\/XML the webhook will POST to my URL in the event it should. So I do not know what that JSON will look like...\nAny help would be appreciated!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2272,"Q_Id":12354189,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't have the creds to comment apparently, so I'll put this in an \"answer\" - to use the term very loosely - instead. I ran into something similar with the Python API, but soon realized that I was doing it wrong. In my case, it was toggling the fulfillment status, which then fires off an email notifying customers of a download location for media. \nWhat I was doing wrong was this: I was modifying the fulfillment attribute of the order object directly. Instead, the correct method was to fetch \/ create a fulfillment object, modify that, point the order attribute to this object, than save() it. This worked.\nI don't know if this is your issue as there's no code posted, but I hope this helps.\n--Matt","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,django,shopify,webhooks","A_Id":12389770,"CreationDate":"2012-09-10T14:50:00.000","Title":"Shopify webhook not working when product updated\/deleted","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any way to count the number of currently connected clients in a zeromq socket? If that's not possible, is there any way to determine whether the socket has no client connected to it?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1053,"Q_Id":12368120,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You could simply implement an counter with a second socket.\nEach time you have an active client or you close your socket, send a message on your \"socket counter\".\nZeroMQ is made to combine sockets.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,zeromq","A_Id":12396881,"CreationDate":"2012-09-11T10:54:00.000","Title":"Counting The Number of Connection in a ZeroMQ Socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm thinking if a user submits a message and they click a 'suggest tags' button, their message would be analyzed and a form field populated wIthaca random words from their post.\nIs it possible to do this on a scalable level? Would JavaScript be able to handle it or better to Ajax back to python?\nI'm thinking certain common words would be excluded (a, the, and, etc) and maybe the 10 longest words or just random not common words would be added to a form field like \"tag1, tag2, tag3\"","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":60,"Q_Id":12372258,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Agree with @unwind , it depends on the content length of the text and your algorithm to grab the tags(scalability)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,tags","A_Id":12372353,"CreationDate":"2012-09-11T14:39:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to automatically pull random \"tags\" from a long string of text?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm thinking if a user submits a message and they click a 'suggest tags' button, their message would be analyzed and a form field populated wIthaca random words from their post.\nIs it possible to do this on a scalable level? Would JavaScript be able to handle it or better to Ajax back to python?\nI'm thinking certain common words would be excluded (a, the, and, etc) and maybe the 10 longest words or just random not common words would be added to a form field like \"tag1, tag2, tag3\"","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":60,"Q_Id":12372258,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Of course it's possible, you pretty much described the algorithm to test, and it doesn't seem to contain any obviously non-computable steps:\n\nSplit the message into words\nFilter out the common words\nSort the words by length\nPick the top ten and present them as tags\n\nNot sure what you mean by \"scalable level\", this sounds client-side to me. Unless the messages are very long, i.e. not typed in by a human, I don't think there will be any problems just doing it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,tags","A_Id":12372295,"CreationDate":"2012-09-11T14:39:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to automatically pull random \"tags\" from a long string of text?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to download emails using imaplib with Python. I have tested the script using my own email account, but I am having trouble doing it for my corporate gmail (I don't know how the corporate gmail works, but I go to gmail.companyname.com to sign in). When I try running the script with imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(\"imap.gmail.companyname.com\", 993), I get an error gaierror name or service not known. Does anybody know how to connect to a my company gmail with imaplib?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":321,"Q_Id":12375113,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"IMAP server is still imap.gmail.com -- try with that?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,gmail,gmail-imap,imaplib","A_Id":12375120,"CreationDate":"2012-09-11T17:43:00.000","Title":"IMAP in Corporate Gmail","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to know why doesn't python2.7 drop blocking operations when ctrl+c is pressed, I am unable to kill my threaded application, there are several socket waits, semaphore waits and so on. In python3 ctrl+c dropped every blocking operation and garbage-collected everything, released all the sockets and whatsoever ... Is there (I am convinced there is, I just yet don't know how) a way to acomplish this? Signal handle? Thanks guys","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":487,"Q_Id":12382229,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I guess you are launching the threads and then the main thread is waiting to join them on termination.\nYou should catch the exception generated by Ctrl-C in the main thread, in order to signal the spawned threads to terminate (changing a flag in each thread, for instance). In this manner, all the children thread will terminate and the main thread will complete the join call, reaching the bottom of your main.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,python-2.7,exit,kill","A_Id":12390276,"CreationDate":"2012-09-12T06:19:00.000","Title":"Terminate python application waiting on semaphore","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to fetch the HTML content of a website using urllib2. The site has a body onload event that submit a form on this site and hence it goes to a destination site and render the details I need.   \nresponse = urllib2.urlopen('www.xyz.com?var=999-999') \n\nwww.xyz.com contains a form that is posted to \"www.abc.com\", this\n  action value varies depending upon the content in url 'var=999-999'\n  which means action value will change if the var value changes to\n  '888-888'\n\nresponse.read() \n\nthis still gives me the html content of \"www.xyz.com\" , but I want\n  that of resulting action url. Any suggestions of fetching the html\n  content from the final page?\n\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":296,"Q_Id":12384056,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You have to figured out the call to that second page, including parameters sent, so you can make that call yourself from your python code, best way is navigate first page with google chrome page inspector opened, then go to Network tab where the POST call would be captured and you can see the parameters sent and all. Then just recreate that same POST call from urllib2.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":12384339,"CreationDate":"2012-09-12T08:29:00.000","Title":"Fetch html content from a destination url that is on onload of the first site in urllib2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to parse  application layer protocols from network trace using Google protocol buffer and replay the trace (I am using  python). I need suggestions to automatically generate protocol message description (in .proto file) from a network trace.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":455,"Q_Id":12398517,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So you want to reconstruct what .proto messages were being passed over the application-layer protocol?\nThis isn't as easy as it sounds.  First, .proto messages can't be sent raw over the wire, as the receiver needs to know how long they are.  They need to be encapsulated somehow, maybe in an HTTP POST or with a raw 4-byte size prepended.  I don't know what it would be for your application, but you'll need to deal with that.\nSecond, you can't reconstruct the full .proto from the messages alone.  You only get tag numbers and types, not names.  In addition, you will lose information about submessages - submessages and plain strings are encoded identically (you could probably tell which is which by eyeballing them, but I don't think you could do it automatically).  You also will never know about optional items that never got sent.  But you could parse the buffer without the proto and get some reasonable data (ints, repeated strings, and such).\nThird, you need to reconstruct the application byte stream from the pcap log.  I'm not sure how to do that, but I suspect there are tools that would do that for you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,protocol-buffers,pcap","A_Id":12399100,"CreationDate":"2012-09-13T02:12:00.000","Title":"Google protocol buffer for parsing Text and Binary protocol messages in network trace (PCAP)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a consumer which listens for messages, if the flow of messages is more than the consumer can handle I want to start another instance of this consumer.\nBut I also want to be able to poll for information from the consumer(s), my thought was that I could use RPC to request this information from the producers by using a fanout exchange so all the producers gets the RPC-call.\nMy question is first of all is this possible and secondly is it reasonable?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2271,"Q_Id":12407485,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"After some researching it seems that this is not possible. If you look at the tutorial on RabbitMQ.com you see that there is an id for the call which, as far as I understand gets consumed. \nI've choosen to go another way, which is reading the log-files and aggregating the data.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,rabbitmq,messaging,pika","A_Id":12478098,"CreationDate":"2012-09-13T13:31:00.000","Title":"RPC calls to multiple consumers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a screen clipping app.\nSo far:\n\nI can get the html mark up of the part of the web page the user has selected including images and videos.\nI then send them to a server to process the html with BeautifulSoup to sanitize the html and convert all relative paths if any to absolute paths\n\nNow I need to render the part of the page. But I have no way to render the styling. Is there any library to help me in this matter or any other way in python ?\nOne way would be to fetch the whole webpage with urllib2 and remove the parts of the body I don't need and then render it.\nBut there must be a more pythonic way :)\nNote: I don't want a screenshot. I am trying to render proper html with styling.\nThanks :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":118,"Q_Id":12436551,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Download the complete webpage, extract the style elements and the stylesheet link elements and download the files referenced the latter. That should give you the CSS used on the page.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":12437002,"CreationDate":"2012-09-15T10:24:00.000","Title":"Python : Rendering part of webpage with proper styling from server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Scenario: User loads a page, image is being generated, show loading bar, notification event sent to browser.\nI am using python code to generate the image. Would it be ideal to have a web server that launches the script or embed a webserver code into the python script? Once the image is finished rendering, the client should receive a message saying it's successful and display the image.\nHow can this be architected to support concurrent users as well? Would simply launching the python script for each new user that navigates to the web page suffice?\nWould it be overkill to have real-time web application for this scenario?  Trying to decide whether simple jQuery AJAX will suffice or Socket.io should be used to have a persistent connection between server and client.\nAny libraries out there that fit my needs?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":88,"Q_Id":12498694,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I personally love Socket.IO and I would to it with it.\nBecause it would be simpler a way. But that may be a bit too much work to set up just for that. Especially since it is not that simple in Python from what I heard compare to node where it really is about 10 lines server side.\nWithout Socket.IO could do a long polling to get the status of the image processing, and get the url at the end, of the image in base64 if that is what you want.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,javascript,python","A_Id":12498821,"CreationDate":"2012-09-19T16:11:00.000","Title":"Javascript-Python: serve dynamically generated images to client browser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have written many scrapers but I am not really sure how to handle infinite scrollers. These days most website etc, Facebook, Pinterest has infinite scrollers.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":29452,"Q_Id":12519074,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Finding the url of the ajax source will be the best option but it can be cumbersome for certain sites. Alternatively you could use a headless browser like QWebKit from PyQt and send keyboard events while reading the data from the DOM tree. QWebKit has a nice and simple api.","Q_Score":31,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,scraper","A_Id":12529766,"CreationDate":"2012-09-20T18:56:00.000","Title":"scrape websites with infinite scrolling","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any feasible way to upload a file which is generated dynamically to amazon s3 directly without first create a local file and then upload to the s3 server? I use python. Thanks","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52339,"Q_Id":12570465,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Given that encryption at rest is a much desired data standard now, smart_open does not support this afaik","Q_Score":38,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,amazon","A_Id":56126467,"CreationDate":"2012-09-24T18:09:00.000","Title":"How to upload a file to S3 without creating a temporary local file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any feasible way to upload a file which is generated dynamically to amazon s3 directly without first create a local file and then upload to the s3 server? I use python. Thanks","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52339,"Q_Id":12570465,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I assume you're using boto. boto's Bucket.set_contents_from_file() will accept a StringIO object, and any code you have written to write data to a file should be easily adaptable to write to a StringIO object. Or if you generate a string, you can use set_contents_from_string().","Q_Score":38,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,amazon","A_Id":12570568,"CreationDate":"2012-09-24T18:09:00.000","Title":"How to upload a file to S3 without creating a temporary local file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What is the best way to communicate between a Python 3.x and a Python 2.x program?\nWe're writing a web app whose front end servers will be written in Python 3 (CherryPy + uWSGI) primarily because it is unicode heavy app and Python 3.x has a cleaner support for unicode.\nBut we need to use systems like Redis and Boto (AWS client) which don't yet have Python 3 support.\nHence we need to create a system in which we can communicate between Python 3.x and 2.x programs.\nWhat do you think is the best way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1491,"Q_Id":12597394,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The best way? Write everything in Python 2.x. It's a simple question: can I do everything in Python 2.x? Yes! Can I do everything in Python 3.x? No. What's your problem then?\nBut if you really, really have to use two different Python versions ( why not two different languages for example? ) then you will probably have to create two different servers ( which will be clients at the same time ) which will communicate via TCP\/UDP or whatever protocol you want. This might actually be quite handy if you think about scaling the application in the future. Although let me warn you: it won't be easy at all.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,python-2.x","A_Id":12599590,"CreationDate":"2012-09-26T08:15:00.000","Title":"communication between Python 3 and Python 2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Any web server might have to handle a lot of requests at the same time. As python interpreter actually has GIL constraint, how concurrency is implemented?\nDo they use multiple processes and use IPC for state sharing?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2640,"Q_Id":12603678,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You usually have many workers(i.e. gunicorn), each being dispatched with independent requests. Everything else(concurrency related) is handled by the database so it is abstracted from you.\nYou don't need IPC, you just need a \"single source of truth\", which will be the RDBMS, a cache server(redis, memcached), etc.","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,django,concurrency,webserver","A_Id":12604317,"CreationDate":"2012-09-26T14:11:00.000","Title":"How does a python web server overcomes GIL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Any web server might have to handle a lot of requests at the same time. As python interpreter actually has GIL constraint, how concurrency is implemented?\nDo they use multiple processes and use IPC for state sharing?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2640,"Q_Id":12603678,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As normal. Web serving is mostly I\/O-bound, and the GIL is released during I\/O operations. So either threading is used without any special accommodations, or an event loop (such as Twisted) is used.","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,django,concurrency,webserver","A_Id":12603848,"CreationDate":"2012-09-26T14:11:00.000","Title":"How does a python web server overcomes GIL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've got an XML file I want to parse with python. What is best way to do this? Taking into memory the entire document would be disastrous, I need to somehow read it a single node at a time. \nExisting XML solutions I know of:\n\nelement tree \nminixml\n\nbut I'm afraid they aren't quite going to work because of the problem I mentioned. Also I can't open it in a text editor - any good tips in generao for working with giant text files?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3511,"Q_Id":12612229,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The best solution will depend in part on what you are trying to do, and how free your system resources are.  Converting it to a postgresql or similar database might not be a bad first goal; on the other hand, if you just need to pull data out once, it's probably not needed.  When I have to parse large XML files, especially when the goal is to process the data for graphs or the like, I usually convert the xml to S-expressions, and then use an S-expression interpreter (implemented in python) to analyse the tags in order and build the tabulated data.  Since it can read the file in a line at a time, the length of the file doesn't matter, so long as the resulting tabulated data all fits in memory.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml,xml-parsing,large-files","A_Id":12613046,"CreationDate":"2012-09-27T00:04:00.000","Title":"Parsing a large (~40GB) XML text file in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing some XML with element tree. \nI'm giving the code an empty template file that starts with the XML declaration:<?xml version= \"1.0\"?> when ET has finished making its changes and writes the completed XML its stripping out the declarion and starting with the root tag. How can I stop this? \nWrite call:\nET.ElementTree(root).write(noteFile)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13577,"Q_Id":12612648,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"There are different versions of ElementTree.\nSome of them accept the xml_declaration argument, some do not.\nThe one I happen to have does not. It emits the declaration if and only if encoding != 'utf-8'. So, to get the declaration, I call write(filename, encoding='UTF-8').","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,xml,elementtree","A_Id":19738566,"CreationDate":"2012-09-27T01:06:00.000","Title":"Python - Element Tree is removing the XML declaration","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Here's what I need to do:\nI need to copy files over the network. The files to be copied is in the one machine and I need to send it to the remote machines. It should be automated and it should be made using python. I am quite familiar with os.popen and subprocess.Popen of python. I could use this to copy the files, BUT, the problem is once I have run the one-liner command (like the one shown below)\n\nscp  xxx@localhost:file1.txt yyy@]192.168.104.XXX:file2.txt\n\nit will definitely ask for something like\n\nAre you sure you want to connect (yes\/no)?\nPassword :\n\nAnd if im not mistaken., once I have sent this command (assuming that I code this in python)\n\nconn.modules.os.popen(\"scp  xxx@localhost:file1.txt yyy@]192.168.104.XXX:file2.txt\")\n\nand followed by this command\n\nconn.modules.os.popen(\"yes\")\n\nThe output (and I'm quite sure that it would give me errors) would be the different comparing it to the output if I manually type it in in the terminal.\nDo you know how to code this in python? Or could you tell me something (a command etc.) that would solve my problem\nNote: I am using RPyC to connect to other remote machines and all machines are running on CentOS","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1825,"Q_Id":12613552,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"per my experience, use sftp the first time will prompt user to accept host public key, such as \nThe authenticity of host 'xxxx' can't be established.\n RSA key  fingerprint is xxxx. Are you sure you want to continue connecting\n (yes\/no)?\n\nonce you input yes, the public key will be saved in ~\/.ssh\/known_hosts, and next time you will not get such prompt\/alert.\nTo avoid this prompt\/alert in batch script, you can use turn strict host check off use \n\nscp -Bqpo StrictHostKeyChecking=no \n\nbut you are vulnerable to  man-in-the-middle attack.\nyou can also choose to connect to target server manually and save host public key before deploy your batch script.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,shell,terminal,centos","A_Id":12613729,"CreationDate":"2012-09-27T03:14:00.000","Title":"How to automate the sending of files over the network using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am finding Neo4j slow to add nodes and relationships\/arcs\/edges when using the REST API via py2neo for Python. I understand that this is due to each REST API call executing as a single self-contained transaction.\nSpecifically, adding a few hundred pairs of nodes with relationships between them takes a number of seconds, running on localhost.\nWhat is the best approach to significantly improve performance whilst staying with Python?\nWould using bulbflow and Gremlin be a way of constructing a bulk insert transaction?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12651,"Q_Id":12643662,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Well, I myself had need for massive performance from neo4j. I end up doing following things to improve graph performance.\n\nDitched py2neo, since there were lot of issues with it. Besides it is very convenient to use REST endpoint provided by neo4j, just make sure to use request sessions.\nUse raw cypher queries for bulk insert, instead of any OGM(Object-Graph Mapper). That is very crucial if you need an high-performant system.\nPerformance was not still enough for my needs, so I ended writing a custom system that merges 6-10 queries together using WITH * AND UNION clauses. That improved performance by a factor of 3 to 5 times.\nUse larger transaction size with atleast 1000 queries.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,neo4j,py2neo","A_Id":31026259,"CreationDate":"2012-09-28T16:15:00.000","Title":"Fastest way to perform bulk add\/insert in Neo4j with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been inspecting two similar solutions for supporting web sockets via sockJS using an independent Python server, and so far I found two solutions.\nI need to write a complex, scalable web socket based web application, and I'm afraid it will be hard to scale Tornado, and it seems Vertx is better with horizontal scaling of web sockets.\nI also understand that Redis can be used in conjunction with Tornado for scaling a pub\/sub system horizontally, and HAproxy for scaling the SockJS requests.\nBetween Vertx and Tornado, what is the preferred solution for writing a scalable system which supports SockJS?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1306,"Q_Id":12652336,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Vertx has build-in clustering support. I haven't tried it with many nodes, but it seemed to work well with a few. Internally it uses hazelcast to organise the nodes.\nVertx also runs on a JVM, which has already many monitoring\/admin tools which might be useful. So Vertx seems to me like the \"batteries included\" solution.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,tornado,vert.x,sockjs","A_Id":13562205,"CreationDate":"2012-09-29T11:32:00.000","Title":"Vertx SockJS server vs sockjs-tornado","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I currently have been assigned to create a web crawler to automate some reporting tasks I do. This web crawler would have to login with my credentials, search specific things in different fields (some in respect to the the current date), download CSVs that contain the data if there is any data available, parse the CSVs quickly to get a quick number count, create an email with the CSVs attached and send it.\nI currently know C++ and Python very well, am in the process of learning C, but I was told that Ruby or Ruby on Rails was a great way to do this. Is Ruby on Rails solely for creating web apps, and if so, does my task fit the description of a web app, or can I just make a standalone program that runs and does it all?\nI would like to know which language would be the easiest to code with (has easy to use modules), has a good library\/module relative to these tasks. What would I need to take into account before undergoing this task? I have till the end of December to make this, and I only work here for around 12 hours per week (I'm a student, and this is for my internship). Is this feasible?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":321,"Q_Id":12693054,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Adding to mechanize:\nif your page has a javascript component that mechanize cant handle, selenium drives an actual web browser.  If you're hellbent on using ruby, you can also use WATIR, but selenium has both ruby and python bindings.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"c++,python,ruby-on-rails,web-applications,web-crawler","A_Id":12697280,"CreationDate":"2012-10-02T15:08:00.000","Title":"Easiest way to tackle this web crawling task?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I currently have been assigned to create a web crawler to automate some reporting tasks I do. This web crawler would have to login with my credentials, search specific things in different fields (some in respect to the the current date), download CSVs that contain the data if there is any data available, parse the CSVs quickly to get a quick number count, create an email with the CSVs attached and send it.\nI currently know C++ and Python very well, am in the process of learning C, but I was told that Ruby or Ruby on Rails was a great way to do this. Is Ruby on Rails solely for creating web apps, and if so, does my task fit the description of a web app, or can I just make a standalone program that runs and does it all?\nI would like to know which language would be the easiest to code with (has easy to use modules), has a good library\/module relative to these tasks. What would I need to take into account before undergoing this task? I have till the end of December to make this, and I only work here for around 12 hours per week (I'm a student, and this is for my internship). Is this feasible?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":321,"Q_Id":12693054,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"While this is not a great Stackoverflow question, since you are a student and it's for an internship, it seems like it would be in poor form to flag it, or down-vote it. :)\nBasically, you can pretty much accomplish this task with any of the languages you listed.  If you want learning Ruby as a part of your experience for your internship, then this might be a great project and a way of learning it.  But, python would work great, also (you could probably use Mechanize). I should probably disclose that I'm a Python developer and I love it.  I think it's a great language with great support and tools.  I'm sure the Ruby guys feel the same about their language.  Again, I think it's what you want to try to accomplish during your internship.  What experience do you want to take away, etc.  Best of luck.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"c++,python,ruby-on-rails,web-applications,web-crawler","A_Id":12693218,"CreationDate":"2012-10-02T15:08:00.000","Title":"Easiest way to tackle this web crawling task?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"my network does not support the ipv6 hence i have no access to ipv6 servers, is there any solution to connect to them using sockets that uses 'AF_INET' domain? or any kind of other solutions? is there any server on the Internet that does such a convert for free?\ni can reed python and c++.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":557,"Q_Id":12698862,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"No; you cannot connect to an IPv6 server without some form of IPv6 transit.\nDepending on your network, you may be able to set up a 6to4 gateway. This is a server configuration change, though, and is outside the scope of Stack Overflow.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"c++,python,sockets,networking,network-programming","A_Id":12698891,"CreationDate":"2012-10-02T21:47:00.000","Title":"can i connect to a ipv6 address via a AF_INET domain socket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing up an IRC bot from scratch in Python and it's coming along fine.\nOne thing I can't seem to track down is how to get the bot to send a message to a user that is private (only viewable to them) but within a channel and not a separate PM\/conversation.\nI know that it must be there somewhere but I can't find it in the docs.\nI don't need the full function, just the command keyword to invoke the action from the server (eg PRIVMSG).\nThanks folks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2449,"Q_Id":12707239,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Are you looking for \/notice ? (see irchelp.org\/irchelp\/misc\/ccosmos.html#Heading227)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,protocols,irc","A_Id":12721513,"CreationDate":"2012-10-03T11:08:00.000","Title":"IRC msg to send to server to send a \"whisper\" message to a user in channel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to track several keywords at once, with the following url: \nhttps:\/\/stream.twitter.com\/1.1\/statuses\/filter.json?track=twitter%2C%20whatever%2C%20streamingd%2C%20\nBut the stream only returns results for the first keyword?! What am I doing wrong?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":163,"Q_Id":12708573,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try without spaces (ie. the %20). Doh!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,urlencode","A_Id":12708663,"CreationDate":"2012-10-03T12:34:00.000","Title":"Twitter Public Stream URL when several track keywords?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a server which files get uploaded to, I want to be able to forward these on to s3 using boto, I have to do some processing on the data basically as it gets uploaded to s3.\nThe problem I have is the way they get uploaded I need to provide a writable stream that incoming data gets written to and to upload to boto I need a readable stream. So it's like I have two ends that don't connect. Is there a way to upload to s3 with a writable stream? If so it would be easy and I could pass upload stream to s3 and it the execution would chain along.\nIf there isn't I have two loose ends which I need something in between with a sort of buffer, that can read from the upload to keep that moving, and expose a read method that I can give to boto so that can read. But doing this I'm sure I'd need to thread the s3 upload part which I'd rather avoid as I'm using twisted.\nI have a feeling I'm way over complicating things but I can't come up with a simple solution. This has to be a common-ish problem, I'm just not sure how to put it into words very well to search it","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":636,"Q_Id":12714965,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"boto is a Python library with a blocking API.  This means you'll have to use threads to use it while maintaining the concurrence operation that Twisted provides you with (just as you would have to use threads to have any concurrency when using boto ''without'' Twisted; ie, Twisted does not help make boto non-blocking or concurrent).\nInstead, you could use txAWS, a Twisted-oriented library for interacting with AWS.  txaws.s3.client provides methods for interacting with S3.  If you're familiar with boto or AWS, some of these should already look familiar.  For example, create_bucket or put_object.\ntxAWS would be better if it provided a streaming API so you could upload to S3 as the file is being uploaded to you.  I think that this is currently in development (based on the new HTTP client in Twisted, twisted.web.client.Agent) but perhaps not yet available in a release.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,stream,twisted,boto","A_Id":12716129,"CreationDate":"2012-10-03T18:54:00.000","Title":"Boto reverse the stream","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to send commands to a server via a python script. I can see the socket connection being established on the server. But the commands I am sending across , do not seem to make it through(server does a read on the socket).\nThe server currently supports a telnet command interpreter. ie: you telnet to the command address and port, and you can start sending \nstring commands. \nMy question is , is there anything fundamentally different from sending strings over a tcp socket, as opposed to using telnet.\nI have used both raw sockets as well as the Twisted framework.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":30360,"Q_Id":12730293,"Users Score":23,"Answer":"Telnet is a way of passing control information about the communication channel.  It defines line-buffering, character echo, etc, and is done through a series of will\/wont\/do\/dont messages when the connection starts (and, on rare occasions, during the session).\nThat's probably not what your server documentation means.  Instead, it probably means that you can open a TCP socket to the port using a program like \"Telnet\" and interact with a command interpreter on the server.\nWhen the Telnet program connects, it typically listens for these control messages before responding in kind and so will work with TCP\/socket connections that don't actually use the telnet protocol, reverting to a simple raw pipe.  The server must do all character echo, line buffering, etc.\nSo in your case, the server is likely using a raw TCP stream with no telnet escape sequences and thus there is no difference.","Q_Score":22,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming,telnet","A_Id":12730703,"CreationDate":"2012-10-04T15:06:00.000","Title":"How does telnet differ from a raw tcp connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to translate a few hundred words for an application I'm writing. This is a simple, one-off project, so I'm not willing to pay for the the google translate API.\nIs there another web service which will do this?\nAnother idea is to just send a search to Google, and scrape the result from the first result. For example, google 'translate food to spanish'.\nHowever, the page is a mess of obfuscated javascript, and I would need help scraping the result.\nI think python would be good for this, but any language will do.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":184,"Q_Id":12730426,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Or go to MicrosoftTranslator.com, and paste your text in one box, have it translate and cut and paste the result?\nFailing that, the MS Translator API can be used for up to 2 million characters a month for free...so maybe use that?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,translation","A_Id":16074293,"CreationDate":"2012-10-04T15:14:00.000","Title":"Automate translation for personal use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm unit testing a URL fetcher, and I need a test url which always causes urllib2.urlopen() (Python) to time out. I've tried making a php page with just sleep(10000) in it, but that causes 500 internal server error.\nHow would I make a resource that causes a connection timeout in the client whenever it is requested?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":615,"Q_Id":12753527,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"While there have been some good answers here, I found that a simple php sleep() call with an override to Apache's timeout was all I needed.\nI know that unit tests should be in isolation, but the server this endpoint is hosted on is no going anywhere.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,apache,url,timeout","A_Id":12941867,"CreationDate":"2012-10-05T20:22:00.000","Title":"How should I create a test resource which always times out","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm unit testing a URL fetcher, and I need a test url which always causes urllib2.urlopen() (Python) to time out. I've tried making a php page with just sleep(10000) in it, but that causes 500 internal server error.\nHow would I make a resource that causes a connection timeout in the client whenever it is requested?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":615,"Q_Id":12753527,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Connection timeout? Use, for example, netcat. Listen on some port (nc -l), and then try to download data from that port.. http:\/\/localhost:port\/. It will open connection, which will never reply.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"php,python,apache,url,timeout","A_Id":12753554,"CreationDate":"2012-10-05T20:22:00.000","Title":"How should I create a test resource which always times out","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a list for followers:\nlof = [31536003, 15066760, 75862029]\nI can get the follower count for each follower in the list:\nuser = tweepy.api.get_user(31536003)\n print user.followers_count\nHowever, I am trying to write a list comprehension that can return a list in python. The list should be a list of the follower count of my \nlof = [31536003, 15066760, 75862029] and will look something like [100,200,300]\nwhich means user 31536003 has 100 followers, user 15066760 has 200 followers and so on.\nHow to accomplish this using list comprehension?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1505,"Q_Id":12755611,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Found the answer....\nloc = [tweepy.api.get_user(friend).followers_count for friend in lof]","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"twitter,python-2.7","A_Id":12755702,"CreationDate":"2012-10-06T00:21:00.000","Title":"Find the number of follower using tweepy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I just deployed a Flask app on Webfaction and I've noticed that request.remote_addr is always 127.0.0.1. which is of course isn't of much use.\nHow can I get the real IP address of the user in Flask on Webfaction?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":42164,"Q_Id":12770950,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The problem is there's probably some kind of proxy in front of Flask. In this case the \"real\" IP address can often be found in request.headers['X-Forwarded-For'].","Q_Score":33,"Tags":"python,flask,webfaction","A_Id":12770986,"CreationDate":"2012-10-07T17:09:00.000","Title":"Flask request.remote_addr is wrong on webfaction and not showing real user IP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to be able to access the elements of a webpage with python. I use Python 2.5 with Windows XP. Currently, I am using pywinauto to try to control IE, but I could switch to a different browser or module if it is needed. I need to be able to click the buttons the page has and type in text boxes. So far the best I've gotten is I was able to bring IE to the page I wanted. If it is possible without actually clicking the coords of the buttons and text boxes on the page, please tell me. Thanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":694,"Q_Id":12780635,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think for interacting with webserver better is to use cUrl. All webservers function are responses for GET or POST request (or both). in order to call them, just call the urls that buttons are linked to and\/or send POST data attaching that data to appropiate request obj before calling send method. cUrl is able to retrieve and do some processing on webserver responce (web site code) without displaying it, what delivers knowledge about  url adresses contained in the web site, which are called when clicking certain buttons. Also possible to know html fields which carry POST data to get their names.\nPython has curl lib, which I hope is so powerful as PHP curl, tool what I used and presented.\nHope you are on the track now.\nBR\nMarek","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,webpage,pywinauto","A_Id":13868001,"CreationDate":"2012-10-08T11:17:00.000","Title":"How to control and interact with elements on a webpage displayed with IE or a different browser with pywinauto","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Python to write a simple client to Move users, Reset password, Extend user account using Tim Golden's active_directory module.\nCurrently I'm using the module with the default domain that I logged in with, and it works perfectly. But now I can't find any way to connect to another domain using the same module, when I use active_directory.AD(\"DC_name\") it simply returns \"pywintypes.com_error: (-2147463168, 'OLE error 0x80005000', None, None)\"\nI guess this have to do with authentication, because we have to do it when we access our AD (using ADExplorer). Can I do this with active_directory module, or with win32com API in general. \nI know another python-ldap module that did it beautifully, but it can't move user from one OU to another. Any submission to use another module that does the job are welcome :)\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":913,"Q_Id":12796443,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It seems that active_directory is using default Win32 API, which doesn't support user\/pass binding to a different DC.\nYou may have to use ldap module and find a workaround","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,active-directory","A_Id":14350855,"CreationDate":"2012-10-09T09:05:00.000","Title":"Connect to AD domain with authentication using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to run the functional tests in parallel with multiprocess plugin which gives me random TimeoutException sometimes\nmy tests are really simple, each of them just goes to a webpage and check if certain element exists.\ndoes anybody know what might be the cause?\nthanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1972,"Q_Id":12808978,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Try running nosetests with the --process-timeout value set to something higher than your tests would reasonably take:\nnosetests --processes=2 --process-timeout=120","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,selenium,multiprocessing,nosetests,parallel-testing","A_Id":14650568,"CreationDate":"2012-10-09T21:52:00.000","Title":"parallel testing with selenium + nose","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am uploading videos to YouTube by using YouTube Data API (Python client library). Is it possible to set monetizing for that video from API rather than going to my account on the YouTube website and manually setting monetization for that uploaded video? If yes, then how can I do it from API? I am unable to find it in the API documentation, and Googling doesn't help either.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1037,"Q_Id":12840696,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"That's not something that's supported as part of the public YouTube Data API.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,youtube-api","A_Id":12842420,"CreationDate":"2012-10-11T13:29:00.000","Title":"Enable Monetization on YouTube video using YouTube API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have developed my own program, but I would like to be able to dynamically tell the user that there is an update available for the program. This program is designed to be cross-platform, and is written in python. There will be two types of updates:\n1) data updates (an xml file that includes the information required to run the program was updates) - This type of update will occur much more often\n2) System updates (the actual executable [a python program compiled] is updated - This type of update will not occur as often\nI need to be able to connect to an online database and compare the version posted there to the current program version to see if there is any update. If there is an update from the server, the program needs to be able to download and install that update with minimal user input. My question is how would I tell my program to systematically check for the update and then download and install it without crashing the program or asking the user to manually download and install it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7942,"Q_Id":12842693,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Set up a simple web service that returns the current version number of the xml file and the executable.  Have your program dial home to this web service on startup, and if the web service returns a newer version number then what the program has in its local copy then display a message to the user saying they could update (or start an automated update process).","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":12842752,"CreationDate":"2012-10-11T15:03:00.000","Title":"python - Check for updates for a program","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can a client both react to user input and data received from the server?\nI created a UDP server, which can handle multiple clients and can react to the data received from each clients. So far the clients only react to user input.\nIs it possible, that the clients check for both user input and data on a specific port simultaneously?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":90,"Q_Id":12851908,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Consider using threads. Python threading is restricted; only one thread runs at a time within the interpreter, but if a thread is waiting for I\/O (or a 'sleep') then other threads can run.\nYou still need to use queues and semaphores and so forth. See the 'threading' module in the library.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,input,udp,port","A_Id":12851967,"CreationDate":"2012-10-12T03:44:00.000","Title":"Socketprogramming python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to run a python file from the telnet session\nSteps:\nDailyscript.py\n\nTelnetting in to montavista\nfrom the telnet session I am trying to run another python file \"python sample.py\"\n\nsample.py\n\nImporting TestLib (in this file)\n\nBut, when I run directly form my linux box, it is running fine. \nIs there any thing I need?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":581,"Q_Id":12862260,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Most likely the problem is that TestLib.py isn't in your working directory. Make sure your Dailyscript.py sets its directory to wherever you ran it from (over SSH) before executing python sample.py.\nAlso, if you have SSH access, why aren't you just using SSH?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":12863073,"CreationDate":"2012-10-12T15:22:00.000","Title":"Import Error: No Module found named TestLIb","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hello from what i understand that using Python i can dynamically send kml data to Google earth client. i was wondering is this possible for collada files? i need it in combination to load models in Google earth. so far i can do it manually.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":356,"Q_Id":12874266,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can do this, you would probably do it by creating a KML NetworkLink file that loads a KMZ that contains a KML file that points to a .dae file that is collada. That can all be autogenerated from Python. There are libraries to generate it or you can roll your own. Just search generate collada python and you'll find some resources that will work for you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,kml,google-earth,collada","A_Id":12878019,"CreationDate":"2012-10-13T14:55:00.000","Title":"Dynamically generate collada files","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a client-server app with Python. The idea is to have a main server and thousands of clients that will connect with it. The server will send randomly small files to the clients to be processed and clients must do the work and update its status to the server every minute. My problem with this is that for the moment I only have an small and old home server so I think that it can't handle so many connections. Maybe you could help me with this:\n\nHow can increase the number of connections in my server?\nHow can I balance the load from client-side?\nHow could I improve the communication? I mean, I need to have a list of clients on the server with its status (maybe in a DB?) and this updates will be received time to time, so I don't need a permanent connection. Is a good idea to use UDP to send the updates? If not, do I have to create a new thread every time that I receive an update?\n\nEDIT: I updated the question to explain a little better the problem but mainly to be clear enough for people with the same problems. There is actually a good solution in @TimMcNamara answer.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3588,"Q_Id":12877643,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is generally speaking no problem with having even tens of thousands of sockets at once on even a very modest home server.\nJust make sure you do not create a new thread or process for each connection.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,sockets,client-server","A_Id":12877653,"CreationDate":"2012-10-13T22:36:00.000","Title":"Handle multiple socket connections","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to catch the 1 thousand most viewed youtube videos through gdata youtube api.\nHowever, only the first 84 are being returned.\nIf I use the following query, only 34 records are returned (plus the first 50).\nAnyone knows what is wrong?\n\"http:\/\/gdata.youtube.com\/feeds\/api\/standardfeeds\/most_popular?start-index=1\"\nreturns 25 records\n\"http:\/\/gdata.youtube.com\/feeds\/api\/standardfeeds\/most_popular?start-index=26\"\nreturns 25 records\n\"http:\/\/gdata.youtube.com\/feeds\/api\/standardfeeds\/most_popular?start-index=51\"\nreturns 25 records\n\"http:\/\/gdata.youtube.com\/feeds\/api\/standardfeeds\/most_popular?start-index=76\"\nreturns 9 records","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":164,"Q_Id":12879754,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"YouTube will not provide this to you. They intentionally rate limit their feeds to prevent abuse.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,youtube,gdata","A_Id":12892498,"CreationDate":"2012-10-14T06:11:00.000","Title":"Youtube GData 2 thousand most viewed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a remote method created via Python web2py. How do I test and invoke the method from Java?\nI was able to test if the method implements @service.xmlrpc but how do i test if the method implements @service.run?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2053,"Q_Id":12890137,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'd be astonished if you could do it at all. Java RMI requires Java peers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,rmi,rpc,web2py","A_Id":12890526,"CreationDate":"2012-10-15T06:06:00.000","Title":"Using Java RMI to invoke Python method","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've started to learn python the past couple of days. I want to know the equivalent way of writing crawlers in python.\nso In ruby I use:\n\nnokogiri for crawling html and getting content through css tags\nNet::HTTP and Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri.request_uri).body for getting JSON data from a url\n\nwhat are equivalents of these in python?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5706,"Q_Id":12890897,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Between lxml and beautiful soup, lxml is more equivalent to nokogiri\nbecause it is based on libxml2 and it has xpath\/css support.\nThe equivalent of net\/http is urllib2","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ruby,web-crawler","A_Id":12891191,"CreationDate":"2012-10-15T07:18:00.000","Title":"Going from Ruby to Python : Crawlers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to access with Selenium (through) Python, a URL that demands authentication.\nWhen visit the URL, manually a new authentication window pops up, on which I need to fill in a username and password. Only after clicking on \u201cOK\u201d this window disappears and I return to the original site.\nAs I want to visit this URL on an interval base to download information and want to automatize this process in python.\nIn my current effort I use Selenium, but none of the examples that I found seem to do what I need. Thinks I tried but do not work are:\n\ndriver.get(\"https:\/\/username:password@somewebsite.com\/\")\nselenium.FireEvent(\"OK\", \"click\")\ndriver.find_element_by_id(\"UserName\")\n\nI do not know the actual element id\u2019s\nWhat I did manage is to load my Firefox profile that stores the authentication information, but I still need to confirm the authentication by clicking \u201cok\u201d.\nIs there any way to prevent this screen to pop up? \nIf not how to access this button on the authentication form, from which I cannot obtain id-information?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3449,"Q_Id":12893264,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Using driver.get(\"https:\/\/username:password@somewebsite.com\/\") should directly log you in, without the popup being displayed,\nWhat about this did not work for you?\nEDIT\n\nI am not sure this will work but after\ndriver.get(\"https:\/\/username:password@somewebsite.com\/\") \nTry accepting alert.\nFor the alert - @driver.switch_to.alert.accept in Ruby or driver.switchTo().alert().accept(); in Java","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,firefox,authentication,selenium,form-submit","A_Id":12893410,"CreationDate":"2012-10-15T09:57:00.000","Title":"How to Submit Https authentication with Selenium in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have 10000 files in a s3 bucket.When I list all the files it takes 10 minutes.  I want to implement a search module using BOTO (Python interface to AWS) which searches files based on user input. Is there a way I can search specific files with less time?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5534,"Q_Id":12904326,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"There are two ways to implement the search...\nCase 1. As suggested by john - you can specify the prefix of the s3 key file in your list method. that will return you result of S3 key files which starts with the given prefix.\nCase 2. If you want to search the S3 key which are end with specific suffix or we can say extension then you can specify the suffix in delimiter. Remember it will give you correct result only in the case if you are giving suffix for the search item which is end with that string. \nElse delimiter is used for path separator.\nI will suggest you Case 1 but if you want to faster search with specific suffix then you can try case 2","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":12907767,"CreationDate":"2012-10-15T21:29:00.000","Title":"Search files(key) in s3 bucket takes longer time","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"As the title says, I'm curious if the functionality of editing a sent chat message can be replicated programatically using the Skype4Py api. I'm not sure when Skype added this feature, and the API, as far as I know, hasn't been maintained in some years, so I was just curious. \nI don't see anything that looks like it would do it in the docs, but,I figured I check here before I give up.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":667,"Q_Id":12908271,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Looking at the docs, each chat message has a body (the text of the message) and a IsEditable property. So long as IsEditable=True you should be able to do m.Body = \"some new text\"","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,skype4py","A_Id":15720075,"CreationDate":"2012-10-16T05:44:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to edit a previously sent chat message using the Skype4Py api?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a python script to copy python(say ABC.py) files from one directory to another \ndirectory with the same folder name(say ABC) as script name excluding .py.\nIn the local system it works fine and copying the files from one directory to others by\ncreating the same name folder.\nBut actually I want copy these files from my local system (windows XP) to the remote\nsystem(Linux) located in other country on which I execute my script. But I am getting\nthe error as \"Destination Path not found\" means I am not able to connect to remote\nthat's why.\nI use SSH Secure client.\nI use an IP Address and Port number to connect to the remote server.\nThen it asks for user id and password.\nBut I am not able to connect to the remote server by my python script.\n\nCan Any one help me out how can I do this??","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9452,"Q_Id":12909334,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I used the same script, but my host failed to respond. My host is in different network.\nWinError 10060] A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":66757126,"CreationDate":"2012-10-16T07:14:00.000","Title":"How to Transfer Files from Client to Server Computer by using python script?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a suite of tests using selenium webdriver (written in Python).  The page being tested contains a form that changes its displayed fields based upon what value is selected in one of its select boxes.  This select box has about 250 options.  I have a test (running via nose, though that's probably irrelevant) that iterates through all the options in the select box, verifying that the form has the correct fields displayed for each selected option.\nThe problem is that for each option, it calls through selenium:\n\nclick for the option to choose\nfind_element and is_displayed for 7 fields\nfind_elements for the items in the select box\nget_attribute and text for each option in the select box\n\nSo that comes out to (roughly) 250 * (7 * 2 + 1 + 2 * 250), or 128,750 distinct requests to the webdriver server the test is running on, all within about 10 or 15 minutes.  This is leading to client port exhaustion on the machine running the test in some instances.  This is all running through a test framework that abstracts away things like how the select box is parsed, when new page objects are created, and a few other things, so optimizations in the test code either mean hacking that all to hell or throwing away the framework for this test and doing everything manually (which, for maintainability of our test code, is a bad idea).\nSome ideas I've had for solutions are:\n\nTrying to somehow pool or reuse the connection to the webdriver server\nSomehow tweaking the configuration of urllib2 or httplib at runtime so that the connections opened by selenium timeout or are killed more quickly\nSystem independent (or at least implementable for all systems with an OS switch or some such) mechanism for actively tracking and closing the ports being opened by selenium\n\nAs I mentioned above, I can't do much to tweak the way the page is parsed or handled, but I do have control over subclassing\/tweaking WebDriver or RemoteConnection any way I please.  Does anyone have any suggestions on how to approach any of the above ideas, or any ideas that I haven't come up with?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2907,"Q_Id":12936533,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"In as much as a small amount of plastic explosive solves the problem of forgetting your house keys, I implemented a solution.  I created a class that tracks a list of resources and the time they were added to it, blocks when a limit is reached, and removes entries when their timestamp passes beyond a timeout value.  I then created an instance of this class setup with a limit of 32768 resources and a timeout of 240 seconds, and had my test framework add an entry to the list every time webdriver.execute() is called or a few other actions (db queries, REST calls) are performed.  It's not particularly elegant and it's quite arbitrary, but at least so far it seems to be keeping my tests from triggering port exhaustion while not noticeably slowing tests that weren't causing port exhaustion before.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver,urllib2,tcp-ip","A_Id":12940958,"CreationDate":"2012-10-17T14:23:00.000","Title":"tcp\/ip port exhaustion with selenium webdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to download only files modified in the last 30 minutes from a URL. Can you please guide me how to proceed with this. Please let me know if I should use shell scripting or python scripting for this.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":170,"Q_Id":12940223,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If the server supports if-modified-since, you could send the request with If-Modified-Since: (T-30 minutes) and ignore the 304 responses.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bash,shell","A_Id":12940327,"CreationDate":"2012-10-17T17:45:00.000","Title":"Download files modified in last 30 minutes from a URL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically I want a Java, Python, or C++ script running on a server, listening for player instances to: join, call, bet, fold, draw cards, etc and also have a timeout for when players leave or get disconnected. \nBasically I want each of these actions to be a small request, so that players could either be processes on same machine talking to a game server, or machines across network. \nSecurity of messaging is not an issue, this is for learning\/research\/fun. \nMy priorities:\n\nHave a good scheme for detecting when players disconnect, but also be able to account for network latencies, etc before booting\/causing to lose hand.\nSpeed. I'm going to be playing millions of these hands as fast as I can.\nRun on a shared server instance (I may have limited access to ports or things that need root)\n\nMy questions:\n\nListen on ports or use sockets or HTTP port 80 apache listening script? (I'm a bit hazy on the differences between these).\nAny good frameworks to work off of?\nMessage types? I'm thinking JSON or Protocol Buffers.\nHow to make it FAST?\n\nThanks guys - just looking for some pointers and suggestions. I think it is a cool problem with a lot of neat things to learn doing it.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2321,"Q_Id":12945278,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Anything else? Maybe a cup of coffee to go with your question :-)\nAnswering your question from the ground up would require several books worth of text with topics ranging from basic TCP\/IP networking to scalable architectures, but I'll try to give you some direction nevertheless.\nQuestions:\n\nListen on ports or use sockets or HTTP port 80 apache listening script? (I'm a bit hazy on the differences between these).\n\nI would venture that if you're not clear on the definition of each of these maybe designing an implementing a service that will be \"be playing millions of these hands as fast as I can\" is a bit hmm, over-reaching? But don't let that stop you as they say \"ignorance is bliss.\"\n\nAny good frameworks to work off of?\n\nI think your project is a good candidate for Node.js. There main reason being that Node.js is relatively scaleable and it is good at hiding the complexity required for that scalability. There are downsides to Node.js, just Google search for 'Node.js scalability critisism'.\nThe main point against Node.js as opposed to using a more general purpose framework is that scalability is difficult, there is no way around it, and Node.js being so high level and specific provides less options for solving though problems.\nThe other drawback is Node.js is Javascript not Java or Phyton as you prefer.\n\nMessage types? I'm thinking JSON or Protocol Buffers.\n\nI don't think there's going to be a lot of traffic between client and server so it doesn't really matter I'd go with JSON just because it is more prevalent.\n\nHow to make it FAST?\n\nThe real question is how to make it scalable. Running human vs human card games is not computationally intensive, so you're probably going to run out of I\/O capacity before you reach any computational limit.\nOvercoming these limitations is done by spreading the load across machines. The common way to do in multi-player games is to have a list server that provides links to identical game servers with each server having a predefined number of slots available for players.\nThis is a variation of a broker-workers architecture were the broker machine assigns a worker machine to clients based on how busy they are. In gaming users want to be able to select their server so they can play with their friends.\nRelated:\n\nHave a good scheme for detecting when players disconnect, but also be able to account for network latencies, etc before booting\/causing to lose hand.\n\nSince this is in human time scales (seconds as opposed to miliseconds) the client should send keepalives say every 10 seconds with say 30 second session timeout.\nThe keepalives would be JSON messages in your application protocol not HTTP which is lower level and handled by the framework.\nThe framework itself should provide you with HTTP 1.1 connection management\/pooling which allows several http sessions (request\/response) to go through the same connection, but do not require the client to be always connected. This is a good compromise between reliability and speed and should be good enough for turn based card games.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,python,optimization,webserver,multiplayer","A_Id":12946896,"CreationDate":"2012-10-18T00:04:00.000","Title":"Multiplayer card game on server using RPC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically I want a Java, Python, or C++ script running on a server, listening for player instances to: join, call, bet, fold, draw cards, etc and also have a timeout for when players leave or get disconnected. \nBasically I want each of these actions to be a small request, so that players could either be processes on same machine talking to a game server, or machines across network. \nSecurity of messaging is not an issue, this is for learning\/research\/fun. \nMy priorities:\n\nHave a good scheme for detecting when players disconnect, but also be able to account for network latencies, etc before booting\/causing to lose hand.\nSpeed. I'm going to be playing millions of these hands as fast as I can.\nRun on a shared server instance (I may have limited access to ports or things that need root)\n\nMy questions:\n\nListen on ports or use sockets or HTTP port 80 apache listening script? (I'm a bit hazy on the differences between these).\nAny good frameworks to work off of?\nMessage types? I'm thinking JSON or Protocol Buffers.\nHow to make it FAST?\n\nThanks guys - just looking for some pointers and suggestions. I think it is a cool problem with a lot of neat things to learn doing it.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2321,"Q_Id":12945278,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Honestly, I'd start with classic LAMP. Take a stock Apache server, and a mysql database, and put your Python scripts in the cgi-bin directory. The fact that they're sending and receiving JSON instead of HTTP doesn't make much difference.\nThis is obviously not going to be the most flexible or scalable solution, of course, but it forces you to confront the actual problems as early as possible.\nThe first problem you're going to run into is game state. You claim there is no shared state, but that's not right\u2014the cards in the deck, the bets on the table, whose turn it is\u2014that's all state, shared between multiple players, managed on the server. How else could any of those commands work? So, you need some way to share state between separate instances of the CGI script. The classic solution is to store the state in the database.\nOf course you also need to deal with user sessions in the first place. The details depend on which session-management scheme you pick, but the big problem is how to propagate a disconnect\/timeout from the lower level up to the application level. What happens if someone puts $20 on the table and then disconnects? You have to think through all of the possible use cases.\nNext, you need to think about scalability. You want millions of games? Well, if there's a single database with all the game state, you can have as many web servers in front of it as you want\u2014John Doe may be on server1 while Joe Schmoe is on server2, but they can be in the same game. On the other hand, you can a separate database for each server, as long as you have some way to force people in the same game to meet on the same server. Which one makes more sense? Either way, how do you load-balance between the servers. (You not only want to keep them all busy, you want to avoid the situation where 4 players are all ready to go, but they're on 3 different servers, so they can't play each other\u2026).\nThe end result of this process is going to be a huge mess of a server that runs at 1% of the capacity you hoped for, that you have no idea how to maintain. But you'll have thought through your problem space in more detail, and you'll also have learned the basics of server development, both of which are probably more important in the long run.\nIf you've got the time, I'd next throw the whole thing out and rewrite everything from scratch by designing a custom TCP protocol, implementing a server for it in something like Twisted, keeping game state in memory, and writing a simple custom broker instead of a standard load balancer.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,python,optimization,webserver,multiplayer","A_Id":12963229,"CreationDate":"2012-10-18T00:04:00.000","Title":"Multiplayer card game on server using RPC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I like to use Python's SimpleHTTPServer for local development of all kinds of web applications which require loading resources via Ajax calls etc.\nWhen I use query strings in my URLs, the server always redirects to the same URL with a slash appended.\nFor example \/folder\/?id=1 redirects to \/folder\/?id=1\/ using a HTTP 301 response.\nI simply start the server using python -m SimpleHTTPServer.\nAny idea how I could get rid of the redirecting behaviour? This is Python 2.7.2.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3215127375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6427,"Q_Id":12953542,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"The right way to do this, to ensure that the query parameters remain as they should, is to make sure you do a request to the filename directly instead of letting SimpleHTTPServer redirect to your index.html\nFor example http:\/\/localhost:8000\/?param1=1 does a redirect (301) and changes the url to http:\/\/localhost:8000\/?param=1\/ which messes with the query parameter.\nHowever http:\/\/localhost:8000\/index.html?param1=1 (making the index file explicit) loads correctly.\nSo just not letting SimpleHTTPServer do a url redirection solves the problem.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,simplehttpserver,webdev.webserver","A_Id":25786569,"CreationDate":"2012-10-18T11:26:00.000","Title":"Why does SimpleHTTPServer redirect to ?querystring\/ when I request ?querystring?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For the last few days I have been trying ti install the Native Client SDK for chrome in Windows and\/or Ubuntu.\nI'm behind a corporate network, and the only internet access is through an HTTP proxy with authentication involved.\nWhen I run \"naclsdk update\" in Ubuntu, it shows \n\"urlopen error Tunnel connection failed: 407 Proxy Authentication Required\"\nCan anyone please help ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1326,"Q_Id":12964666,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I got a solution-\nnot a direct one, though.\n managed to use a program to redirect the HTTPS traffic through the HTTP proxy.\nI used the program called \"proxifier\". Works great.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-nativeclient","A_Id":13452816,"CreationDate":"2012-10-18T22:21:00.000","Title":"Installing Chrome Native Client SDK","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the python framework Boto to interact with AWS DynamoDB. But when I use \"item_count\" it returns the wrong value. What's the best way to retrieve the number of items in a table? I know it would be possible using the Scan operation, but this is very expensive on resources and can take a long time if the table is quiet large.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":592,"Q_Id":12999262,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"The item_count value is only updated every six hours or so.  So, I think boto is returning you the value as it is returned by the service but that value is probably not up to date.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto,amazon-dynamodb","A_Id":13003481,"CreationDate":"2012-10-21T15:33:00.000","Title":"Boto's DynamoDB API returns wrong value when using item_count","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a cherrypy web server that needs to be able to receive large files over http post. I have something working at the moment, but it fails once the files being sent gets too big (around 200mb). I'm using curl to send test post requests, and when I try to send a file that's too big, curl spits out \"The entity sent with the request exceeds the maximum allowed bytes.\" Searching around, this seems to be an error from cherrypy.\nSo I'm guessing that the file being sent needs to be sent in chunks? I tried something with mmap, but I couldn't get it too work. Does the method that handles the file upload need to be able to accept the data in chunks too?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4776,"Q_Id":13002676,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Huge file uploads always problematic. What would you do when connection closes in the middle of uploading? Use chunked file upload method instead.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http,post,upload,cherrypy","A_Id":26299500,"CreationDate":"2012-10-21T22:07:00.000","Title":"Python: sending and receiving large files over POST using cherrypy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm extremely new to Python, read about half a beginner book for Python3. I figure doing this will get me going and learning with something I actually want to do instead of going through some \"boring\" exercises.\nI'm wanting to build an application that will scrape Reddit for the top URL's and then post these onto my own page. It would only check a couple times a day so no hammering at all here.\nI want to parse the Reddit json (http:\/\/www.reddit.com\/.json) and other subreddits json into URL's that I can organize into my own top list and have my own categories as well on my page so I don't have to keep visiting Reddit.\nThe website will be a Wordpress template with the DB hosted on it's own server (mysql). I will be hosting this on AWS using RDS, ELB, Auto-scaling, and EC2 instances for the webservers.\nMy questions are:\n-Would it make sense to keep the Python scraper application running on it's own server, which then writes the scraped URL's to the database?\n-I heard it may make sense to split the application and one does the reading while the other does the writing, whats this about?\n-What would the flow of the Python code look like? I can fumble my way around writing it but I just am not entirely sure on how it should flow.\n-What else am I not thinking of here, any tips?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":570,"Q_Id":13040048,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Would it make sense to keep the Python scraper application running on\n  it's own server, which then writes the scraped URL's to the database?\n\nYes, that is a good idea. I would set up a cron job to run the program every so often. Depending on the load you're expecting, it doesn't necessarily need to be on its own server. I would have it as its own application.\n\nI heard it may make sense to split the application and one does the\n  reading while the other does the writing, whats this about?\n\nI am assuming the person who said this meant that you should have an application to write to your database (your python script) and an application to read URLs from the database (your WordPress wrapper, or perhaps another Python script to write something WordPress can understand).\n\nWhat would the flow of the Python code look like? I can fumble my way\n  around writing it but I just am not entirely sure on how it should\n  flow.\n\nThis is a somewhat religious matter among programmers. However I feel that your program should be simple enough. I would simply grab the JSON and have a query that inserts into the database if the entry doesn't exist yet.\n\nWhat else am I not thinking of here, any tips?\n\nI personally would use urllib2 and MySQLdb modules for the Python script. Good luck!","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,json,reddit","A_Id":13040391,"CreationDate":"2012-10-23T22:04:00.000","Title":"Scraping news sites with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a file which contains raw IP packets in binary form.  The data in the file contains a full IP header, TCP\\UDP header, and data.  I would like to use any language (preferably python) to read this file and dump the data onto the line.\nIn Linux I know you can write to some devices directly (echo \"DATA\" > \/dev\/device_handle).  Would using python to do an open on \/dev\/eth1 achieve the same effect (i.e. could I do echo \"DATA\" > \/dev\/eth1)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2540,"Q_Id":13040834,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No; there is no \/dev\/eth1 device node -- network devices are in a different namespace from character\/block devices like terminals and hard drives. You must create an AF_PACKET socket to send raw IP packets.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,linux,networking,packet","A_Id":13040908,"CreationDate":"2012-10-23T23:25:00.000","Title":"Writing raw IP data to an interface (linux)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Which SNMP library offers an API to get single properties of captured (tcpdump) SNMP packets like the request-ID or the protocol version?\nI found that pySNMP offers such a low-level API but only for v1\/v2c versions. But I need both v2c and v3.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":624,"Q_Id":13055699,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"what exactly you want to know.  whether :\n python net-snmp api supports v3 or not \nor\noid for finding request-id of a snmp packet","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,snmp","A_Id":13191755,"CreationDate":"2012-10-24T18:46:00.000","Title":"How to get the request ID of a SNMP packet in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to dynamically download and install a package like AWS API from a PHP or Python script at runtime?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":42,"Q_Id":13070759,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Not at runtime - this would make no sense due to the overheads involved and the risk of the download failing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python","A_Id":13070806,"CreationDate":"2012-10-25T14:24:00.000","Title":"Python\/PHP - Downloading and installing AWS API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am not sure if this is possible, but I was wondering if it would be possible to write a script or program that would automatically open up my web browser, go to a certain site, fill out information, and click \"send\"? And if so, where would I even begin? Here's a more detailed overview of what I need:\n\nOpen browser\nGo to website\nFill out a series of forms\nClick OK\nFill out more forms\nClick OK\n\nThank you all in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1062,"Q_Id":13073147,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are a number of tools out there for this purpose.  For example, Selenium, which even has a package on PyPI with Python bindings for it, will do the job.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":13073177,"CreationDate":"2012-10-25T16:31:00.000","Title":"script to open web browser and enter data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am not sure if this is the right forum to ask, but I give it a try. \nA device is sending an E-Mail to my code in which I am trying to receive the email via a socket in python, and to decode the E-Mail with  Messsage.get_payload() calls. However. I always have a \\n.\\n at the end of the message. \nIf the same device send the same message to a genuine email client (e.g. gmail), I get the correct original message without the \\n.\\n. \nI would like to know what it is with this closing set of special characters in SMTP\/E-Mail handling\/sending, and how to encode it away.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":92,"Q_Id":13108615,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"These are simply newline characters. In GMail they'll be processed and \"displayed\" so you don't see them. But they are still part of the email text message so it makes sense that get_payload() returns them.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,smtp","A_Id":13108630,"CreationDate":"2012-10-28T11:56:00.000","Title":"Mysterious characters at the end of E-Mail, received with socket in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There are several components involved in auth and the discovery based service api. \nHow can one test request handlers wrapped with decorators used from oauth2client (eg oauth_required, etc), httplib2, services and uploads? \nAre there any commonly available mocks or stubs?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":259,"Q_Id":13115599,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are the mock http and request classes that the apiclient package uses for its own testing. They are in apiclient\/http.py and you can see how to use them throughout the test suite.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,google-drive-api,google-api-python-client","A_Id":13125588,"CreationDate":"2012-10-29T03:42:00.000","Title":"How can one test appengine\/drive\/google api based applications?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am parsing a large file (>9GB) and am using iterparse of lxml in Python to parse the file while clearing as I go forward. I was wondering, is there a way to parse backwards while clearing? I could see I how would implement this independently of lxml, but it would be nice to use this package.\nThank you in advance!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1552,"Q_Id":13140185,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"iterparse() is strictly forward-only, I'm afraid. If you want to read a tree in reverse, you'll have to read it forward,  while writing it to some intermediate store (be it in memory or on disc) in some form that's easier for you to parse backwards, and then read that. I'm not aware of any stream parsers that allow XML to be parsed back-to-front.\nOff the top of my head, you could use two files, one containing the data and the other an index of offsets to the records in the data file. That would make reading backwards relatively easy once it's been written.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,lxml","A_Id":13355413,"CreationDate":"2012-10-30T13:34:00.000","Title":"lxml, parsing in reverse","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to automate a process that collects data on one (or more) AWS instance(s), uploads the data to S3 hourly, to be retrieved by a decoupled process for parsing and further action. As a first step, I whipped up some crontab-initiated shell script (running in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS) that calls the boto utility s3multiput.\nFor the most part, this works fine, but very occasionally (maybe once a week) the file fails to appear in the s3 bucket, and I can't see any error or exception thrown to track down why. \nI'm using the s3multiput utility included with boto 2.6.0. Python 2.7.3 is the default python on the instance.  I have an IAM Role assigned to the instance to provide AWS credentials to boto.\nI have a crontab calling a script that calls a wrapper that calls s3multiput. I included the -d 1 flag on the s3multiput call, and redirected all output on the crontab job with 2>&1 but the report for the hour that's missing data looks just like the report for the hour before and the hour after, each of which succeeded.\nSo, 99% of the time this works, but when it fails I don't know why and I'm having trouble figuring where to look.  I only find out about the failure later when the parser job tries to pull the data from the bucket and it's not there.  The data is safe and sound in the directory it should have uploaded from, so I can do it manually, but would rather not have to.\nI'm happy to post the ~30-40 lines of related code if helpful, but wondered if anybody else had run into this and it sounded familiar.\nSome grand day I'll come back to this part of the pipeline and rewrite it in python to obviate s3multiput, but we just don't have dev time for that yet.\nHow can I investigate what's going wrong here with the s3multiput upload?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":515,"Q_Id":13203745,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"First, I would try updating boto; a commit to the development branch mentions logging when a multipart upload fails. Note that doing so will require using s3put instead, as s3multiput is being folded into s3put.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,crontab,boto","A_Id":13203938,"CreationDate":"2012-11-02T22:13:00.000","Title":"Silent failure of s3multiput (boto) upload to s3 from EC2 instance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm developing an application that displays a users\/friends photos. For the most part I can pull photos from the album, however for user\/album cover photos, all that is given is the object ID for which the following URL provides the image:\nhttps:\/\/graph.facebook.com\/1015146931380136\/picture?access_token=ABCDEFG&type=picture\nWhich when viewed redirects the user to the image file itself such as:\nhttps:\/\/fbcdn-photos-a.akamaihd.net\/hphotos-ak-ash4\/420455_1015146931380136_78924167_s.jpg\nMy question is, is there a Pythonic or GraphAPI method to resolve the final image path an avoid sending the Access Token to the end user?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":872,"Q_Id":13228847,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Make a Graph API call like this and you get the real URL:\n\nhttps:\/\/graph.facebook.com\/[fbid]?fields=picture\n\nBtw, you don\u00b4t need an access token for this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":13228977,"CreationDate":"2012-11-05T09:02:00.000","Title":"Resolve FB GraphAPI picture call to the final URL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In Python 2.7 is there a way to get information on all open sockets similar to what netstat\/ss does in linux?\nI am interested in writing a small program (similar to EtherApe) that tracks when my computer opens a connection to a server.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3146,"Q_Id":13245772,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Sockets are handled and controlled by OS. Any programming language what do is just put the data to buffer in OS. So in order to check the open sockets you just have to read them by operating system.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":13245863,"CreationDate":"2012-11-06T06:43:00.000","Title":"Show all open sockets in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Problem\nI need a way to store and collect JSON data in an entirely offline(!) web application, hosted on a local (shared) machine. Several people will access the app but it will never actually be online.\nI'd like the app to:\n\nRead and write JSON data continuously and programmatically (i.e. not using a file-upload type schema)\nPreferably not require any software installation other than the browser, specifically I'd like not to use local server. (edit: I may be willing to learn a bit of Python if that helps)\nThe amount of data I need to store is small so it is very much overkill to use some sort of database.\n\nSolution?\nMy first thought was to let the html5 file API, just read\/parse and write my JSON object to a local txt file, but this appears not to be possible?!\nLocal storage is not applicable here right, when several people - each with their own browser - need to access the html?\nAny ideas?\nnote\nI know this topic is not entirely novel, but I think my situation may be slightly different than in other threads. And I've spent the better part of the last couple hours googling this and I'm none the wiser..","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2518,"Q_Id":13284566,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"My suggestion would be something like WampServer (Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP). I've seen a few tutorials about adding Python to that mix.\nYou would have access to reading and writing JSON data to the local storage or placing your data in a local database.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,json,storage,offlineapps","A_Id":13284691,"CreationDate":"2012-11-08T07:38:00.000","Title":"How to read and write JSON offline on local machine?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Problem\nI need a way to store and collect JSON data in an entirely offline(!) web application, hosted on a local (shared) machine. Several people will access the app but it will never actually be online.\nI'd like the app to:\n\nRead and write JSON data continuously and programmatically (i.e. not using a file-upload type schema)\nPreferably not require any software installation other than the browser, specifically I'd like not to use local server. (edit: I may be willing to learn a bit of Python if that helps)\nThe amount of data I need to store is small so it is very much overkill to use some sort of database.\n\nSolution?\nMy first thought was to let the html5 file API, just read\/parse and write my JSON object to a local txt file, but this appears not to be possible?!\nLocal storage is not applicable here right, when several people - each with their own browser - need to access the html?\nAny ideas?\nnote\nI know this topic is not entirely novel, but I think my situation may be slightly different than in other threads. And I've spent the better part of the last couple hours googling this and I'm none the wiser..","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2518,"Q_Id":13284566,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I know you said you don't want to opt for local server, but nodejs could be the solution. If you know JavaScript, then it's very simple to set one server up and let everybody access to the server from any browser. Since it's entirely JavaScript you don't even have conversion issues with the JSON format.\nFor storing the JSON you can use the FileSystem built-in library of nodejs which lets you read and write from a file, so you don't even need a database.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,json,storage,offlineapps","A_Id":13285068,"CreationDate":"2012-11-08T07:38:00.000","Title":"How to read and write JSON offline on local machine?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Subj.I want to get page (nested) level in scrapy on each page(url, request) in spider, is there any way to do that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":294,"Q_Id":13286049,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"After some time we found the solution - response.meta['depth']","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":13641429,"CreationDate":"2012-11-08T09:22:00.000","Title":"Get page (nested) level scrapy on each page(url, request) in spider","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to scrape a website which serves different page depending upon the geolocation of the IP sending the request. I am using an amazon EC2 located in US(which means it serves up a page meant for US) but I want the page that will be served in India. Does scrapy provide a way to work around this somehow?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":722,"Q_Id":13298788,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If the site you are scraping does IP based detection, your only option is going to be to change your IP somehow. This means either using a different server (I don't believe EC2 operates in India) or proxying your server requests. Perhaps you can find an Indian proxy service?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":13299332,"CreationDate":"2012-11-08T22:16:00.000","Title":"fake geolocation with scrapy crawler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am playing around with parsing RSS feeds looking for references to countries. At the moment I am using Python, but I think this question is fairly language agnostic (in theory).\nLet's say I have three lists (all related)\n\nCountries - Nouns (i.e. England, Norway, France )\nCountries - Adjectives (i.e. English, Norwegian, French)\nCities (i.e. London, Newcastle, Birmingham)\n\nMy aim is to begin by parsing the feeds for these strings. \nSo for example if 'London' was found, the country would be 'England', if 'Norwegian' was found it would be 'Norway' etc.\nWhat would be the optimal method for working with this data? Would it be jason and pulling it all in to create nested dictionaries? sets? or some type of database?\nAt the moment this is only intended to be used on a local machine.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":55,"Q_Id":13331665,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would suggest to merge the 3 lists of data into one dictionary, which maps names to country names, e.g., it maps  \"England\" -> \"England\", \"English\" -> \"England\", \"London\" -> \"England\". It can be easily stored in a database or a file and retrieved.\nThen I would search for the keys in the dictionary, and label the item with the value from the dictionary.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,language-agnostic","A_Id":13441013,"CreationDate":"2012-11-11T13:44:00.000","Title":"Data storage for query","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am playing around with parsing RSS feeds looking for references to countries. At the moment I am using Python, but I think this question is fairly language agnostic (in theory).\nLet's say I have three lists (all related)\n\nCountries - Nouns (i.e. England, Norway, France )\nCountries - Adjectives (i.e. English, Norwegian, French)\nCities (i.e. London, Newcastle, Birmingham)\n\nMy aim is to begin by parsing the feeds for these strings. \nSo for example if 'London' was found, the country would be 'England', if 'Norwegian' was found it would be 'Norway' etc.\nWhat would be the optimal method for working with this data? Would it be jason and pulling it all in to create nested dictionaries? sets? or some type of database?\nAt the moment this is only intended to be used on a local machine.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":55,"Q_Id":13331665,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It is a very debatable question. There can be multiple solutions for this. If I were you, I would simply a small DB in Mongodb with three tables like these\n\nCountry:\n      Columns: id, name\nCountry-adj:\n      Columns: id, name, country_id\nCities:\n      Columns: id, name, country_id\n\nthen simple queries would give your desired results.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,language-agnostic","A_Id":13331819,"CreationDate":"2012-11-11T13:44:00.000","Title":"Data storage for query","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have the following line of code using imaplib\nM = imaplib.IMAP4('smtp.gmail.com', 587)\nI get the following error from imaplib:\nabort: unexpected response: '220 mx.google.com ESMTP o13sm12303588vde.21'\nHowever from reading elsewhere, it seems that that response is the correct response demonstrating that the connection was made to the server successfully at that port.\nWhy is imaplib giving this error?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2034,"Q_Id":13385981,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You are connecting to the wrong port. 587 is authenticated SMTP, not IMAP; the IMAP designated port number is 143 (or 993 for IMAPS).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,email,response,imaplib","A_Id":13387035,"CreationDate":"2012-11-14T19:33:00.000","Title":"python imaplib unexpected response 220","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have the following line of code using imaplib\nM = imaplib.IMAP4('smtp.gmail.com', 587)\nI get the following error from imaplib:\nabort: unexpected response: '220 mx.google.com ESMTP o13sm12303588vde.21'\nHowever from reading elsewhere, it seems that that response is the correct response demonstrating that the connection was made to the server successfully at that port.\nWhy is imaplib giving this error?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2034,"Q_Id":13385981,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I realized I needed to do IMAP4_SSL() - has to be SSL for IMAP and for using IMAP I need the IMAP server for gmail which is imap.googlemail.com. I ultimately got it work without specifying a port. So, final code is:\nM = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.googlemail.com')","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,email,response,imaplib","A_Id":13399991,"CreationDate":"2012-11-14T19:33:00.000","Title":"python imaplib unexpected response 220","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to make a chat server thing. Basically, I want more than one client to be able to connect at the same time.\nI want it so it's always listening. Whenever anyone tries to connect, it instantly accepts them and adds them to a list of connections.\nI could have a listen(1) then a timeout, and keep appending them to a list then closing the socket, and making a new one, then listening with a timeout, etc. Although, this seems very slow, and I'm not even sure it would work\nKeep in mind, it does not HAVE to be socket. If there is any other kind of network interface, it would work just as well.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":930,"Q_Id":13388177,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I want it so it's always listening. Whenever anyone tries to connect, it instantly accepts them and adds them to a list of connections.\n\nSo you just have:\n\nAn accept() loop that does nothing but accept() new connections and start a new thread to handle each one.\nA thread per connection that reads with a long timeout, whatever you want your session idle timeout to be. If the timeout expires, you close the socket and exit the thread.\n\nIf the server runs out of FDs, which it will if there are enough simultaneous connections, accept() will start failing with a corresponding errno: in this case you just ignore it and keep looping. Maybe you decrease the idle timeout in this situation, and put it back when accepts start to work again.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking","A_Id":13389747,"CreationDate":"2012-11-14T22:04:00.000","Title":"Having an infinite amount of sockets connected?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to make a chat server thing. Basically, I want more than one client to be able to connect at the same time.\nI want it so it's always listening. Whenever anyone tries to connect, it instantly accepts them and adds them to a list of connections.\nI could have a listen(1) then a timeout, and keep appending them to a list then closing the socket, and making a new one, then listening with a timeout, etc. Although, this seems very slow, and I'm not even sure it would work\nKeep in mind, it does not HAVE to be socket. If there is any other kind of network interface, it would work just as well.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":930,"Q_Id":13388177,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Consider whether you actually need to maintain separate sockets for every connection.  Would something like connectionless UDP be appropriate?  That way you could support an arbitrary number of users while only using one OS socket.\nOf course, with this approach you'd need to maintain connection semantics internally (if your application cares about such things);  figure out which user each datagram has been sent either by looking at their IP\/port or by examining some envelope data within your network protocol, send occasional pings to see whether the other side is still alive, etc.  But this approach should nicely separate you from any OS concerns RE: number of sockets your process is allowed to keep open at once.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking","A_Id":13388385,"CreationDate":"2012-11-14T22:04:00.000","Title":"Having an infinite amount of sockets connected?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a simple test script(python) to test a web server's performance(all this server does is HTTP redirect). Socket is set to non-blocking, and registered to an epoll instance. \nHow can I know the connect() is failed because the server can't accept more connections? I am currently using EPOLLERR as the indicator. Is this correct? \nEdit:\nAssumptions:\n1) IP layer network unreachability will not be considered.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":988,"Q_Id":13390082,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can't know it 'failed because the server can't accept more connections', because there is no specific protocol for that condition. You can only know it failed for the usual reasons: ECONNREFUSED, connection timeout, EUNREACH, etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,connect,epoll","A_Id":13390556,"CreationDate":"2012-11-15T01:05:00.000","Title":"How is connect() failure notified in epoll?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a simple test script(python) to test a web server's performance(all this server does is HTTP redirect). Socket is set to non-blocking, and registered to an epoll instance. \nHow can I know the connect() is failed because the server can't accept more connections? I am currently using EPOLLERR as the indicator. Is this correct? \nEdit:\nAssumptions:\n1) IP layer network unreachability will not be considered.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":988,"Q_Id":13390082,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"That catches the case of Connection Refused and other socket errors.  Since I assume you are registering for read\/write availability (success) upon the pending socket as well, you should also manually time-out those connections which have failed to notify you of read, write, or error availability on the associated file descriptor within an acceptable time limit.\nECONNREFUSED is generally only returned when the server's accept() queue exceeds its limit or when the server isn't even bound to a socket at the remote port.  ENETDOWN, EHOSTDOWN, ENETUNREACH, and EHOSTUNREACH are only returned when a lower layer than TCP (e.g., IP) knows it cannot reach the host for some reason, and so they are not particularly helpful for stress testing a web server's performance.\nThus, you need to also bound the time taken to establish a connection with a timeout to cover the full gamut of stress test failure scenarios. Choice of timeout value is up to you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,connect,epoll","A_Id":13390310,"CreationDate":"2012-11-15T01:05:00.000","Title":"How is connect() failure notified in epoll?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am doing some stress test to a simple HTTP redirect server in Python scripts. The script is set up with epoll (edge trigger mode) with non-blocking sockets. But I observed something that I don't quite understand,\n1) epoll can get both ECONNREFUSED and ETIMEOUT errno while the connect() is in process. Don't they both indicates the remote server can't accept the connection? How are they different, how does a client tell the difference?\n2) sometimes when EPOLLIN is notified by epoll, socket.recv() returns empty string without any exception thrown (or errno in C), I can keep reading the socket without getting any exception or error, it just always returns empty string. Why is that?\nThanks,","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1087,"Q_Id":13404538,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"ECONNREFUSED signals that the connection was refused by the server, while ETIMEOUT signals that the attempt to connect has timed out, i.e. that no indication (positive or negative) about the connection attempt was received from the peer.\nsocket.recv() returning an empty string without error is simply the EOF condition, corresponding to an empty read in C. This happens when the other side closes the connection, or shuts it down for writing. It is normal that EPOLLIN is notified when EOF occurs, because you want to know about the EOF (and because you can safely recv from the socket without it hanging).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,epoll","A_Id":13404886,"CreationDate":"2012-11-15T19:16:00.000","Title":"TCP non-blocking socket.connect() and socket.recv() Error questions. (Python or C)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to write a class with the same interface of Python 2 Standard Library's socket.socket.\nI've problems trying to reproduce the behavior the object should have when a program tries to call select.select() on it.\nThe documentation in the entry for select.select says:\n\nYou may also define a wrapper class yourself, as long as it has an appropriate fileno() method (that really returns a file descriptor, not just a random integer).\n\nI would like to try something like this: creating a file-like object that can be controlled by a thread of my program with select, while another thread of my program can set it  when my object is ready for reading and writing. How can I do it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":486,"Q_Id":13420405,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The fileno() function needs to return a kernel file descriptor, so that it can be passed to the select system call (or poll\/epoll\/whatever). The multiplexing done by select-like operations is fundamentally an OS operation which must work on OS objects.\nIf you want to implement this for an object not based on an actual file descriptor you can do the following:\n\nCreate a pipe\nReturn the read end of the pipe from fileno()\nWrite a byte to the other end when you want to mark your object as \"ready\". This will wake any select calls.\nRemember to read that byte from your real \"read\" implementation.\n\nThis pipe trick should be fairly portable.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,file,networking","A_Id":13420569,"CreationDate":"2012-11-16T16:20:00.000","Title":"Imitating the behavior of fileno() and select","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Suppose I was giving this list of urls:\n\nwebsite.com\/thispage\nwebsite.com\/thatpage\nwebsite.com\/thispageagain\nwebsite.com\/thatpageagain\nwebsite.com\/morepages\n\n... could possibly be over say 1k urls.\nWhat is the best\/easiest way to kinda loop through this list and check whether or not the page is up?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2657,"Q_Id":13424753,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Open a pool of threads, open a Url for each, wait for a 200 or a 404. Rinse and repeat.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":13424798,"CreationDate":"2012-11-16T21:35:00.000","Title":"Given a big list of urls, what is a way to check which are active\/inactive?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I am trying to scrape something that is behind a login system. I tried using CasperJS, but am having issues with the form, so maybe that is not the way to go; I checked the source code of the site and the form name is \"theform\" but I can never login must be doing something wrong. Does any have any tutorials on how to do this correctly using CasperJS, I've looked at the API and google and nothing really works. \nOr does someone have any recommendations on how to do web scraping easily. I have to be able to check a simple conditional state and click a few buttons, that is all.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":684,"Q_Id":13434664,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Because you mentioned CasperJS I can assume that web site generate some data by using JavaScript. My suggestion would be check WebKit. It is a browser \"engine\", that will let you do what ever you want with web-site.\nYou can use PyQt4 framework, which is very good, and has a good documentation.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,casperjs","A_Id":13437094,"CreationDate":"2012-11-17T20:52:00.000","Title":"Web scraping - web login issue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a lot of different sites I want to scrape using scrapy. I was wondering what is the best way of doing this?\nDo you use a different \"project\" for each site you want to scrape, or do you use a different \"spider\", or neither?\nAny input would be appreciated","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":252,"Q_Id":13445585,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"different PROJECT for each site is a WORST idea .\ndifferent SPIDER for each site is a GOOD idea .\nif you can adjust multiple sites in one SPIDER (based of there nature) is a BEST idea .\nbut again all depends on your Requirements.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,search,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":13451254,"CreationDate":"2012-11-18T23:08:00.000","Title":"Scrapy Python Crawler - Different Spider for each?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to use Firefox portable for my tests in python. In plain webdriver it works, but i was wondering how to do it in remote webdriver.\nAll i could find is how to pass firefox profile, but how to specify to webdriver which binary to use?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":620,"Q_Id":13460288,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Very hacky, but you could modify the Webdriver Firefox plugin to point to your binary.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":13460962,"CreationDate":"2012-11-19T18:57:00.000","Title":"How to specify browser binary in selenium remote webdriver?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I created a couchDB on my computer, that is I used the Python line server = couchdb.Server('http:\/\/localhost:5984')\nI want to share this database with two other colleagues. How can I make it available to them? For the moment, I am comfortable giving them full admin privileges until I get a better handle on this. \nI tried to read the relevant parts of CouchDB: The Definitive Guide,  but I still don't get it. \nHow would they access it? They can't just type in my computer's IP address?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2338,"Q_Id":13462448,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"In order to avoid NAT problems, I would use an external service like Cloudant or Iris Couch. You can replicate your local database against the common DB in the cloud and your colleagues can connect to it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"database,python-2.7,couchdb,couchdb-python","A_Id":13473004,"CreationDate":"2012-11-19T21:20:00.000","Title":"How to access CouchDB server from another computer?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to do some web crawling with scrapy and python. I have found few code examples from internet where they use selenium with scrapy.\nI don't know much about selenium but only knows that it automates some web tasks. and browser actually opens and do stuff. but i don't want the actual browser to open but i want everything to happen from command line.\nCan i do that in selenium and scrapy","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2960,"Q_Id":13468755,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"Updated: PhantomJS is abandoned, and you can use headless browsers directly now, such like Firefox and Chrome!\n\nUse PhantomJS instead.\nYou can do browser = webdriver.PhantomJS() in selenium v2.32.0.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,scrapy","A_Id":16050387,"CreationDate":"2012-11-20T07:53:00.000","Title":"Can i use selenium with Scrapy without actual browser opening with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I will be using scrapy to crawl a domain. I plan to store all that information into my db with sqlalchemy. It's pretty simple xpath selectors per page, and I plan to use HttpCacheMiddleware. \nIn theory, I can just insert data into my db as soon as I have data from the spiders (this requires hxs to be instantiated at least). This will allow me to bypass instantiating any Item subclasses so there won't be any items to go through my pipelines.\nI see the advantages of doing so as:\n\nLess CPU intensive since there won't be any CPU processing for the pipelines\nPrevents memory leaks. \n\nDisk I\/O is a lot faster than Network I\/O so I don't think this will impact the spiders a lot.\nIs there a reason why I would want to use Scrapy's Item class?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1529,"Q_Id":13469321,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"If you insert directly inside a spider, then your spider will block until the data is inserted. If you create an Item and pass it to the Pipeline, the spider can continue to crawl while the data is inserted. Also, there might be race conditions if multiple spiders try to insert data at the same time.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":13469554,"CreationDate":"2012-11-20T08:38:00.000","Title":"Scrapy why bother with Items when you can just directly insert?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What I mean is, if I go to \"www.yahoo.com\/thispage\", and yahoo has set up a filter to redirect \/thispage to \/thatpage. So whenever someone goes to \/thispage, s\/he will land on \/thatpage.\nIf I use httplib\/requests\/urllib, will it know that there was a redirection? What error pages?\nSome sites redirect user to \/errorpage whenever the page cannot be found.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17050,"Q_Id":13482777,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It depends on how they are doing the redirection. The \"right\" way is to return a redirected HTTP status code (301\/302\/303). The \"wrong\" way is to place a refresh meta tag in the HTML.\nIf they do the former, requests will handle it transparently. Note that any sane error page redirect will still have an error status code (e.g. 404) which you can check as response.status_code.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,httplib,python-requests","A_Id":13483006,"CreationDate":"2012-11-20T21:47:00.000","Title":"When I use python requests to check a site, if the site redirects me to another page, will I know?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What I mean is, if I go to \"www.yahoo.com\/thispage\", and yahoo has set up a filter to redirect \/thispage to \/thatpage. So whenever someone goes to \/thispage, s\/he will land on \/thatpage.\nIf I use httplib\/requests\/urllib, will it know that there was a redirection? What error pages?\nSome sites redirect user to \/errorpage whenever the page cannot be found.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17050,"Q_Id":13482777,"Users Score":16,"Answer":"To prevent requests from following redirects use:\nr = requests.get('http:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/thispage', allow_redirects=False)\nIf it is in indeed a redirect, you can check the redirect target location in r.headers['location'].","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,httplib,python-requests","A_Id":13483018,"CreationDate":"2012-11-20T21:47:00.000","Title":"When I use python requests to check a site, if the site redirects me to another page, will I know?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a problem and can't solve it. Maybe I'm making it too hard or complex or I'm just going in the wrong direction and thinking of things that don't make sense. Below is a description of what happens. (Multiple tabs opened in a browser or a page that requests some other pages at the same time for example.)\nI have a situation where 3 requests are received by the web application simultaneously and new user session has to be created. This session is used to store notification, XSRF token and login information when the user logs in. The application uses threads  to handle requests (CherryPy under Bottle.py).\nThe 3 threads (or processes in case or multiple application instances) start handling the 3 requests. They check the cookie, no session exists, and create a new unique token that is stored in a cookie and in Redis. This will all happen at the same time and they don't know if a session already has been created by another thread, because all 3 tokens are unique.\nThese unused sessions will expire eventually, but it's not neat. It means everytime a client simultaneously does N requests and a new session needs to be created, N-1 session are useless.\nIf there is a property that can be used to identify a client, like an IP address, it would be a lot easier, but an IP address is not safe to use in this case. This property can be used to atomically store a session in Redis and other requests would just pick up that session.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":484,"Q_Id":13495606,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If this is through a browser and is using cookies then this shouldn't be an issue at all. The cookie will, from what I can tell, the last session value that it is set to. If the client you are using does not use cookies then of course it will open a new session for each connection.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,session-state","A_Id":13495800,"CreationDate":"2012-11-21T14:39:00.000","Title":"What are good ways to create a HTTP session with simultaneous requests?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to build a web-app that has both a Python part and a Node.js part. The Python part is a RESTful API server, and the Node.js will use sockets.io and act as a push server. Both will need to access the same DB instance (Heroku Postgres in my case). The Python part will need to talk to the Node.js part in order to send push messages to be delivered to clients.\nI have the Python and DB parts built and deployed, running under a \"web\" dyno. I am not sure how to build the Node part -- and especially how the Python part can talk to the Node.js part.\nI am assuming that the Node.js will need to be a new Heroku app, so that it too can run on a 'web' dyno, so that it benefits from the HTTP routing stack, and clients can connect to it. In such a case, will my Python dynos will be accessing it using just like regular clients?\nWhat are the alternatives? How is this usually done?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2109,"Q_Id":13498828,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"After having played around a little, and also doing some reading, it seems like Heroku apps that need this have 2 main options:\n1) Use some kind of back-end, that both apps can talk to. Examples would be a DB, Redis, 0mq, etc.\n2) Use what I suggested above. I actually went ahead and implemented it, and it works.\nJust thought I'd share what I've found.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,node.js,heroku,cedar","A_Id":13785484,"CreationDate":"2012-11-21T17:31:00.000","Title":"Heroku Node.js + Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am experiencing slow crawl speeds with scrapy (around 1 page \/ sec).\nI'm crawling a major website from aws servers so I don't think its a network issue. Cpu utilization is nowhere near 100 and if I start multiple scrapy processes crawl speed is much faster.\nScrapy seems to crawl a bunch of pages, then hangs for several seconds, and then repeats.\nI've tried playing with:\nCONCURRENT_REQUESTS = CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 500\nbut this doesn't really seem to move the needle past about 20.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4117,"Q_Id":13505194,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Are you sure you are allowed to crawl the destination site at high speed? Many sites implement download threshold and \"after a while\" start responding slowly.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,http,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":13585472,"CreationDate":"2012-11-22T02:45:00.000","Title":"Scrapy Crawling Speed is Slow (60 pages \/ min)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I developed REST server. I hosted that one my virtual machine nginx server. Now i want to do bench marking by sending 10,000 concurrent request per second. So any solution for this ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2276,"Q_Id":13513103,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"10,000 per second?  You'll need lots of machines to do this.\nWrite a client that can POST requests serially and then replicate it on several machines.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,testing,load-testing,performance-testing","A_Id":13513162,"CreationDate":"2012-11-22T12:49:00.000","Title":"How to send concurrent 10,000 post request using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I developed REST server. I hosted that one my virtual machine nginx server. Now i want to do bench marking by sending 10,000 concurrent request per second. So any solution for this ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2276,"Q_Id":13513103,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"programmatically you can create threads and do a url fetch by every thread but not sure if you can create 10,000 requests.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,testing,load-testing,performance-testing","A_Id":13514261,"CreationDate":"2012-11-22T12:49:00.000","Title":"How to send concurrent 10,000 post request using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a peer-to-peer program that requires the network be fully connected. However, when I test this locally and bring up about 20 nodes, some nodes successfully create a socket to other nodes, but when writing immediately after a broken pipe error occurs. This only happens when I start all nodes one right after the other; if I sleep about a second I don't see this problem.\nI have logic to deal with two nodes that both open sockets to eachother, which may be buggy, though I do see it operating properly with less nodes. Is this a limitation of testing locally?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2008,"Q_Id":13514805,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"'Broken pipe' means you have written to a connection that has already been closed by the other end. So, you must have done that somehow.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,pipe","A_Id":13519364,"CreationDate":"2012-11-22T14:29:00.000","Title":"Reason for broken pipes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have Python 2.7.3 installed alongside Python 3.2.3 on an Ubuntu system.\nI've installed urllib3 using pip and can import it from the python shell. When I open the python3 shell, I get a can't find module error when trying to import urllib3. help('modules') from within the shell also doesn't list urllib3.\nAny ideas on how to get python3 to recognize urllib3?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4054,"Q_Id":13517991,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You need to install it for each version of Python you have - if pip installs it for Python 2.7, it won't be accessible from 3.2.\nThere doesn't seem to be a pip-3.2 script, but you can try easy_install3 urllib3.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,urllib3","A_Id":13520455,"CreationDate":"2012-11-22T18:02:00.000","Title":"Python3 can't find urllib3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing a media player that streams mp3 files. I'm using the python gstreamer module to play the streams.\nmy player is the playbin2 element\nWhen I want to query the position (with query_position(gst.FORMAT_TIME,None)), it always returns a gst.QueryError: Query failed.\nThe song is definetly playing. (state is not NULL) \nDoes anyone have any experience with this?\nPS: I also tried replacing gst.FORMAT_TIME with gst.Format(gst.FORMAT_TIME), but gives me the same error.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":700,"Q_Id":13519086,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What does \"you'll need to thread your own gst object\" mean? And what does \"wait until the query succeeds\" mean?\nState changes from NULL to PAUSED or PLAYING state are asynchronous. You will usually only be able to do a successful duration query once the pipeline is prerolled (so state >= PAUSED). When you get an ASYNC_DONE message on the pipeline's (playbin2's) GstBus, then you can query.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,gstreamer,python-gstreamer","A_Id":13529688,"CreationDate":"2012-11-22T19:38:00.000","Title":"element playbin2 query_position always returns query failed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm developing a media player that streams mp3 files. I'm using the python gstreamer module to play the streams.\nmy player is the playbin2 element\nWhen I want to query the position (with query_position(gst.FORMAT_TIME,None)), it always returns a gst.QueryError: Query failed.\nThe song is definetly playing. (state is not NULL) \nDoes anyone have any experience with this?\nPS: I also tried replacing gst.FORMAT_TIME with gst.Format(gst.FORMAT_TIME), but gives me the same error.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":700,"Q_Id":13519086,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I found it on my own. Problem was with threading. Apparently, you'll need to thread your gst object and just wait until the query succeeds.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,gstreamer,python-gstreamer","A_Id":13529066,"CreationDate":"2012-11-22T19:38:00.000","Title":"element playbin2 query_position always returns query failed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm developing a media player that streams mp3 files. I'm using the python gstreamer module to play the streams.\nmy player is the playbin2 element\nWhen I want to query the position (with query_position(gst.FORMAT_TIME,None)), it always returns a gst.QueryError: Query failed.\nThe song is definetly playing. (state is not NULL) \nDoes anyone have any experience with this?\nPS: I also tried replacing gst.FORMAT_TIME with gst.Format(gst.FORMAT_TIME), but gives me the same error.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":700,"Q_Id":13519086,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"From what source are you streaming? If you query the position from the playbin2 I'd say you do everything right. Can you file a bug for gstreamer, include a minimal python snippet that exposes the problem and tell from which source you stream - ideally its public.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,gstreamer,python-gstreamer","A_Id":13525709,"CreationDate":"2012-11-22T19:38:00.000","Title":"element playbin2 query_position always returns query failed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Can someone give me a brief idea on how to transfer large files over the internet?\nI tried with sockets, but it does not work. I am not sure what the size of receiving sockets should be. I tried with 1024 bytes. I send the data from one end and keep receiving it at the other end.\nIs there any other way apart from sockets, I can use in Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1410,"Q_Id":13523789,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I encountered the same problem, and i solved it by chopping the file up and then sending the parts separately (load the file, send file[0:512], then send file[512:1024] and so on. Before sending the file i sent the length of the file to the receiver so the it would know when its done.\nI know this probably isn't the best way to do this, but i hope it will help you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x","A_Id":13533315,"CreationDate":"2012-11-23T05:55:00.000","Title":"Transfer a Big File Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a script where I want to check if a file exists in a bucket and if it doesn't then create one.\nI tried using os.path.exists(file_path) where file_path = \"\/gs\/testbucket\", but I got a file not found error.\nI know that I can use the files.listdir() API function to list all the files located at a path and then check if the file I want is one of them. But I was wondering whether there is another way to check whether the file exists.","AnswerCount":13,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":52000,"Q_Id":13525482,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I guess there is no function to check directly if the file exists given its path.\nI have created a function that uses the files.listdir() API function to list all the files in the bucket and match it against the file name that we want. It returns true if found and false if not.","Q_Score":40,"Tags":"python,google-cloud-storage,file-exists","A_Id":13644827,"CreationDate":"2012-11-23T08:39:00.000","Title":"How to check if file exists in Google Cloud Storage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have deployed a web2py application on a server that is running on Apache web server.\nAll seems to be working fine, except for the fact that the web2py modules are not able to connect to an external website. \nin web2py admin page, i get the following errors :\n1. Unable to check for upgrades\n2. Unable to download because:\n   \nI am using web2py 1.9.9, CentOS 5\nI am also behind an institute proxy. I am guessing that the issue has to do something with the proxy configurations.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":412,"Q_Id":13544715,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try testing the proxy theory by ssh -D tunneling to a server outside the proxy and seeing if that works for you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,apache,web2py","A_Id":13545399,"CreationDate":"2012-11-24T19:23:00.000","Title":"Web2py unable to access internet [connection refused]","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am learning to make spiders and crawlers. This spidering is my passion and I am going to do that for a long time. For parsing I am thinking of using BeautifulSoup. But some people say that if I use lxml, I will have more control.\nNow I don't know much. But I am ready to work hard even if using lxml is harder. But if that gives me full control then I am ready for it.\nSo what is your opinion?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":120,"Q_Id":13577922,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I don't really think this question makes a whole lot of sense.  You need to give more explanation of what exactly your goals are.  BeautifulSoup and lxml are two tools that in large part do the same things, but have different features and API philosophies and structure.\nIt's not a matter of \"which gives you more control,\" but rather \"which is the right tool for the job?\"  I use both.  I prefer the BeautifulSoup syntax, as I find it more natural, but I find that lxml is better when I'm trying to parse unknown quantities on the fly based on variables--e.g., generating XPath strings that include variable values, which I will then use to extract specific elements from varying pages.\nSo really, it depends on what you're trying to do.\nTL;DR\nI find BeautifulSoup easier and more natural to use but lxml ultimately to be more powerful and versatile.  Also, lxml wins the speed contest, no question.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,parsing,beautifulsoup,lxml","A_Id":13578055,"CreationDate":"2012-11-27T05:28:00.000","Title":"Will I have more control over my spider if I use lxml over BeautifulSoup?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am new to Scrapy and quite confused about crawler and spider. It seems that both of them can crawl the website and parse items. \nThere are a Crawler class(\/usr\/local\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/scrapy\/crawler.py) and a CrawlerSpider class(\/usr\/local\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/scrapy\/contrib\/spiders\/crawl.py) in Scrapy. Does anyone could tell me the differences between them? And which one should I use in what conditions?\nThanks a lot in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1470,"Q_Id":13578170,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"CrawlerSpider is a sub-class of BaseSpider : This is the calls you need to extend if you want your spider to follow links according to the \"Rule\" list.\n\"Crawler\" is the main crawler sub-classed by CrawlerProcess.\nYou will have to sub-class CrawlerSpider in you spider but I don't think you will have to touch Crawler.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":13584851,"CreationDate":"2012-11-27T05:55:00.000","Title":"differences between scrapy.crawler and scrapy.spider?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I hope this doesn't cross into superuser territory.\nSo I have an embedded linux, where system processes are naturally quite stripped. I'm not quite sure which system process monitors to physical layer and starts a dhcp client when network cable is plugged in, but i made one myself. \n\u00a8\nThe problem is, that if i have a python script, using http connections, running before i have an IP address, it will never get a connection. Even after i have a valid IP, the python still has \n\"Temporary error in name resolution\"\nSo how can I get the python to realize the new connection available, without restarting the script? \nAlternatively , am I missing some normal procedure Linux runs normally at network cable connect.\nThe dhcp client I am using is udhcpc and python version is 2.6. Using httplib for connections.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":772,"Q_Id":13606584,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"After alot more research, the glibc problem jedwards suggested, seemed to be the problem. I did not find a solution, but made workaround for my usecase. \nConsidering I only use one URL, I added my own \"resolv.file\" . \nA small daemon gets the IP address of the URL when PHY reports cable connected. This IP is saved to \"my own resolv.conf\". From this file the python script retrieves the IP to use for posts.\nNot really a good solution, but a solution.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,httplib","A_Id":13643155,"CreationDate":"2012-11-28T13:47:00.000","Title":"Python not getting IP if cable connected after script has started","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a crawler that automates the login and crawling for a website, but since the login was changed it is not working anymore. \nI am wondering, can I feed the browser cookie (aka, I manually log-in) to my HTTP request? Is there anything particularly wrong in principle that wouldn't make this work? How do I find the browser cookies relevant for the website? \nIf it works, how do I get the \"raw\" cookie strings I can stick into my HTTP request?\nI am quite new to this area, so forgive my ignorant questions. I can use either PYthon or Java","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":925,"Q_Id":13628190,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"When you send the login information (and usually in response to many other requests) the server will set some cookies to the client, you must keep track of them and send them back to the server for each subsequent request.\nA full implementation would also keep track of the time they are supposed to be stored.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,cookies,http-headers,httpwebrequest","A_Id":13628291,"CreationDate":"2012-11-29T14:42:00.000","Title":"How to use browser cookies programmatically","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need a way to programmatically create Twitter Applications\/API keys. I could make something on my own, but does anyone know of a pre-made solution?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1280,"Q_Id":13652514,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Assuming you're referring to the consumer key and consumer secret, you're not supposed to be able to create those programmatically. That's why you have to sign in to a web page with a CAPTCHA in order to create one.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,twitter,twitter-oauth","A_Id":13652765,"CreationDate":"2012-11-30T20:16:00.000","Title":"Is there an unofficial API for creating Twitter applications\/api keys?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need a way to programmatically create Twitter Applications\/API keys. I could make something on my own, but does anyone know of a pre-made solution?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1280,"Q_Id":13652514,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Not sure what you mean, but there are plenty of libraries that abstracts twitter API (https:\/\/dev.twitter.com\/docs\/twitter-libraries)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,twitter,twitter-oauth","A_Id":13652757,"CreationDate":"2012-11-30T20:16:00.000","Title":"Is there an unofficial API for creating Twitter applications\/api keys?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Assume I'm using a Chrome extension that gives me a nice summary of content on a webpage. Rather than writing my own program to mimic the services of the extension, I'd like to create a script that then uses the summary information that the extension generates, capturing it in a variable that I can manipulate.\nIs this possible to write a script that could achieve this? If so, what would be good a starting point? I'd like to write the script in perhaps unix or python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":128,"Q_Id":13653605,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well you will have to locate where it stores the summary information you want. Is it in RAM temporarily or is it persistant across reboots and the sort? What kind of information? If the information is stored temporarily, like per session, it could make what you wish to accomplish a little more difficult. If the summary data is stored locally this could be achieved a bit easier. For instance if it was stored locally, you could write some python to open the file that would contain your summary information, read it into a variable and then parse that information into whatever format you need it in.\nPretty open ended question though, can you offer any more details?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,shell,unix,google-chrome-extension","A_Id":13653956,"CreationDate":"2012-11-30T21:41:00.000","Title":"How can I access the content of a Chrome extension from outside the browser - e.g. I'd the content to be use in a script I'm writing?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I add preferences to the browser so it launches without javascript?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5735,"Q_Id":13655486,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can disable javascript directly from the browser. Steps:\n\nType About:config in url  \nClick I'll be careful, I promise  \nSearch for javascript.enabled \nRight click -> Toggle \nValue = false","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python","A_Id":29955598,"CreationDate":"2012-12-01T01:35:00.000","Title":"How can I disable javascript in firefox with selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Novice to programming. I have most of my experience in python. I am comparind this to C#. I have created small web apps using Web2py, and have read 'learn python the hard way'. I have limited to no C# experience besides setting up and playing in VS. \nMy end goal is to be able to develop web apps (So far I do like web2py), and even some web automation programs using GUI's. For example, an application that will allow me to put \/ get information in a database from my GUI, and then post it to my site's either via a database connection, or post to other sites that are not mine, through automation. \nI really like python so far, but I feel like since I do want to work with GUI applications, that C# may be the best bet...\nMore specifically, does Python even compare, or have modules\/library that will help me do GUI web & browser automation, versus C#? How about with just basic scraping? Pulling data from numerous sites to display in a database. Does Python still have an edge?\nThanks. I hope this question has some objectivity to it considering the different libraries and modules available. If it is too subjective , please accept my apologies.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":155,"Q_Id":13672346,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Selenium is a pretty good library for automation if you want to scrape information off of javascript enabled pages.  It has bindings for a number of languages.  If you only want basic scraping though, I would go with Mechanize; no need to open a browser.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"c#,asp.net,python,web2py,browser-automation","A_Id":13672402,"CreationDate":"2012-12-02T18:28:00.000","Title":"Advice on which language to persue for browser automation & scraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"There is a webpage that my browser can access, but  urllib2.urlopen() (Python) and wget both return HTTP 403 (Forbidden). Is there a way to figure out what happened? \nI am using the most primitive form, like urllib2.urlopen(\"http:\/\/test.com\/test.php\"), using the same url (http:\/\/test.com\/test.php) for both the browser and wget. I have cleared all my cookies in browser before the test. \nThanks a lot!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2333,"Q_Id":13677625,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The Python library urllib has a default user-agent string that includes the word Python in it and wget uses \"wget\/VERSION\".  If the site you are cionnectiing checks the user-agent info, it will probably reject these two. Google, for instance, will do so.\nIt's easy enough to fix.. for wget, use the -U parameter and for urllib, create a URLOpener with an appropriate string.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http-headers,httprequest,urllib2,http-status-code-403","A_Id":13685106,"CreationDate":"2012-12-03T05:24:00.000","Title":"urllib2 and wget returns HTTP 403 (forbidden), while browser returns OK","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using beatbox API to update\/insert data in to salesforce opportunity object.\nupsert() throws INVALID FIELD error when I pass Id as externalIDFieldName. Currently I'm using another unique external Id and it's working fine but I want to use the salesforce Id.\nPlease shed some light on what I'm missing.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":565,"Q_Id":13695322,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If you already know the salesforce Id of the record, just call update instead.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,salesforce","A_Id":13695617,"CreationDate":"2012-12-04T02:48:00.000","Title":"upsert throws error when I pass Id as externalIdFieldName in Beatbox API while contacting Salesforce","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I send one XMPP message to all connected clients\/resources using a Python libraries for example: \nxmpppy, jabber.py, jabberbot. Any other commandline solution is well.\nSo far I've only been able to send an echo or a single message to only one client.\nThe purpose is to send a message to all resources\/clients connected, not grouped.\nThis might be triggered by a command but is not 'really' necessary.\nThank you.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1722,"Q_Id":13734601,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I cannot give you a specific python example, but I explain how the logic works.\nWhen you send a message to a bare Jid then it depends on the server software or configuration how its routed. Some servers send the message to the \"most available resource\", and some servers send it to all resources. E.g. Google Talk sends it to all resources.\nIf you control the server software and it allows you to route messages to a bare Jid to all connected resources then this would be the easiest way.\nWhen your code must work on any server then you should collect all available resources of your contacts. You get them with the presence, most libraries have a callback for this. Then you can send out the messages to full Jids (with resources) in a loop.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xmpp,message","A_Id":13739615,"CreationDate":"2012-12-05T23:44:00.000","Title":"Send an xmpp message to all connected clients\/resources","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The situation:\nI have a python script to connect\/send signals to serial connected arduino's. I wanted to know the best way to implement a web server, so that i can query the status of the arduinos. I want that both the \"web server\" part and serial connection runs on the same script. Is it possible, or do i have to break it into a daemon and a server part?\nThanks, any comments are the most welcomed.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":544,"Q_Id":13751271,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have WAMP server. It is the easiest and quickest way. The web server will support php, python , http etc. \nIf you are using Linux , the easiest tool for serial communication is php. \nBut in windows php cannot read data from serial communication. Hence use python \/ perl etc. \nThanks","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,arduino,interprocess,python-multithreading","A_Id":16685053,"CreationDate":"2012-12-06T19:43:00.000","Title":"python daemon + interprocess communication + web server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The situation:\nI have a python script to connect\/send signals to serial connected arduino's. I wanted to know the best way to implement a web server, so that i can query the status of the arduinos. I want that both the \"web server\" part and serial connection runs on the same script. Is it possible, or do i have to break it into a daemon and a server part?\nThanks, any comments are the most welcomed.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":544,"Q_Id":13751271,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For those wondering what I have opted for; I have decoupled the two part:\nThe Arduino daemon\nI am using Python with a micro web framework called [Bottle][1] which handles the API calls and I have used PySerial to communicate with the Arduino's. \nThe web server\nThe canonical Apache and PHP; are used to make API calls to the Arduino daemon.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,arduino,interprocess,python-multithreading","A_Id":16689821,"CreationDate":"2012-12-06T19:43:00.000","Title":"python daemon + interprocess communication + web server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I use Python 3.2. I have an API which uses SOAP. I need to perform a number of SOAP calls to modify some objects in a database. I'm trying to install a SOAP library which would work with Python 3.2 (or 2.7 if that's what it takes) in order to do my task.\nIf someone could give me some guidance how to go through with what library to install and how to install, I would be very grateful. I would be able to continue with the rest of my development.\nNote: I heard about SOAPy but it looks like it's discontinued. I've downloaded an executable which asks me to point where I want it installed and I'm given no choices...\nI'm a little lost.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1697,"Q_Id":13760852,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Open your command prompt (If python already installed and you have set python path in environment variable) then\nc:> pip install zeep\nc:> pip install lxml==3.7.3 zeep\nc:> pip install zeep[xmlsec]\nc:> pip install zeep[async]\n\nNow you are ready to create SOAP call using python\n1. c:\/> Python\n2. >>> from zeep import Client\n3. >>> client = Client('your WSDL URL');\n4. result = client.service.method_name(parameters if required)\n5. >>> print (result)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,soap,windows-7","A_Id":45009606,"CreationDate":"2012-12-07T10:04:00.000","Title":"How to make SOAP calls in Python on Windows?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently a student and next semester I am taking a network programming course in python. I need to propose a network project on which I'll work during the semester before it starts. I wanted to ask if anybody knows any good sources of the project for my topic. I can include anything related to networking and security.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":814,"Q_Id":13779114,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think this might be off-topic for StackOverflow; however, you can consider implementing a simple online chat room.\nThe main advantage of this topic is that it's as probably as simple as you can get to demonstrate application of core concepts in networking and security.\nYou'll be able to do a bit of architecture as well: \n\nServer Backend: Django, or another framework for Python? Is event-driven architecture appropriate here? Publish-subscribe?\nClient UI\/Model: You should technically still use the Model-View-Controller pattern, even though the model here would just be a \"proxy\" for the model on the server.\nSerialized Mediums: JSON, YAML, YAML?\nORM for user accounts \/ history\n\nIt's also a safe project because, while it's not overly ambitious, you can keep adding features to it as long as you have more time left; I'm sure you can think of many possible features for a chatroom =)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":13779203,"CreationDate":"2012-12-08T15:57:00.000","Title":"Python network programming project sources","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to capture visible webpage content or text as if copying from a browser display to parse later (maybe using regular expression etc)? I don't mean to clean the html tags, javascript, etc and only show leftover text.  I would like to copy all visible text, since some style elements may hide some of the html text while showing others when displayed in the browser.  So far I have looked into nltk, lxml Cleaner, and selenium without luck.  Maybe I can capture a screenshot in selenium and then extract text using ocr, but that seems computer intensive?  Thanks for any help!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":781,"Q_Id":13785630,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Sure. Use Selenium and just loop through all visible, displayable elements.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,screen-scraping,web-scraping,screenshot","A_Id":13787570,"CreationDate":"2012-12-09T07:48:00.000","Title":"Capture Visible Webpage Content (or text) as if Copying from Browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a written an app, with python acting as a simple web server (I am using bottle framework for this) and an HTML + JS client. The whole thing runs locally. The web page acts as GUI in this case.\nIn my code I have implemented a file browser interface so I can access local file structure from JavaScript.\nThe server accepts only local connections, but what bothers me is that: if for example somebody knows that I am running my app locally, and forges a site with AJAX request to localhost? and I visit his site in some way, will my local files be visible to the attacker? \nMy main question is: is there any way to secure this? I mean that my server will know for sure that the request came from my locally served file?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":320,"Q_Id":13788172,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The most direct way to protect against this attack is to just have a long complex secret key being required for every request. Just make your local code authenticate itself before processing the request. This is essentially how web services on the Internet are protected.\nYou might also want to consider having inter process communication in some other form like DBUS or unix sockets. I'm not sure which OS you are on but there are many options for inter process communication that wouldn't make you vulnerable in this way.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,ajax,localhost","A_Id":13788959,"CreationDate":"2012-12-09T14:14:00.000","Title":"Secure localhost JavaScript ajax requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing some scripts for our sales people to query an index with elastic search through python. (Eventually the script will update lead info in our Salesforce DB.)\nI have been using the urllib2 module, with simplejson, to pull results. The problem is that this seems to be a not-so-good approach, evidenced by scripts which are taking longer and longer to run.\nQuestions:\n\nDoes anyone have any opinions (opinions, on the internet???) about Elastic Search clients for Python? Specifically, I've found pyes and pyelasticsearch, via elasticsearch.org---how do these two stack up?\nHow good or bad is my current approach of dynamically building the query and running it via self.raw_results = simplejson.load(urllib2.urlopen(self.query))?\n\nAny advice is greatly appreciated!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":748,"Q_Id":13823554,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It sounds like you have an issue unrelated to the client.  If you can pare down what's being sent to ES and represent it in a simple curl command it will make what's actually running slowly more apparent.  I suspect we just need to tweak your query to make sure it's optimal for your context.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,elasticsearch","A_Id":14884970,"CreationDate":"2012-12-11T15:52:00.000","Title":"Elastic search client for Python: advice?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing some scripts for our sales people to query an index with elastic search through python. (Eventually the script will update lead info in our Salesforce DB.)\nI have been using the urllib2 module, with simplejson, to pull results. The problem is that this seems to be a not-so-good approach, evidenced by scripts which are taking longer and longer to run.\nQuestions:\n\nDoes anyone have any opinions (opinions, on the internet???) about Elastic Search clients for Python? Specifically, I've found pyes and pyelasticsearch, via elasticsearch.org---how do these two stack up?\nHow good or bad is my current approach of dynamically building the query and running it via self.raw_results = simplejson.load(urllib2.urlopen(self.query))?\n\nAny advice is greatly appreciated!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":748,"Q_Id":13823554,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"We use pyes. And its pretty neat. You can there go with the thrift protocol which is faster then the rest service.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,elasticsearch","A_Id":14870170,"CreationDate":"2012-12-11T15:52:00.000","Title":"Elastic search client for Python: advice?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing my own function for parsing XML text into objects which is can manipulate and render back into XML text. To handle the nesting, I am allowing XML objects to contain other XML objects as elements. \nSince I am automatically generating these XML objects, my plan is to just enter them as elements of a dict as they are created. I was planning on generating an attribute called name which I could use as the key, and having the XML object itself be a value assigned to that key.\nAll this makes sense to me at this point. But now I realize that I would really like to also save an attribute called line_number, which would be the line from the original XML file where I first encountered the object, and there may be some cases where I would want to locate an XML object by line_number, rather than by name.\nSo these are my questions:\n\nIs it possible to use a dict in such a way that I could find my XML object either by name or by line number? That is, is it possible to have multiple keys assigned to a single value in a dict?\nHow do I do that?\nIf this is a bad idea, what is a better way?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":174,"Q_Id":13845981,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Since dictionaries can have keys of multiple types, and you are using names (strings only) as one key and numbers (integers only) as another, you can simply make two separate entries point to the same object - one for the number, and one for the string.\ndict[0] = dict['key'] = object1","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,dictionary","A_Id":13846048,"CreationDate":"2012-12-12T18:10:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to use multiple keys for a single element in a dict?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a python app which transfers files via sockets to a server. It always works, but my question is: is that a good way to transfer files from desktop client to server via sockets? How, for example, do Google Drive or Dropbox desktop clients syncronize files (as I know for already existent files GD client sends only changes, like rsync), but what about new files?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1435,"Q_Id":13855390,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You may consider packaging the file into a torrent, and transferring it that way. Torrents have LOTS of error recovery. Many large companies, for example, Blizzard, use torrents to deliver content to their users.\nYou'll still need a way to transfer the torrent info of course\nSee python package libtorrent and the server software called opentracker\nI've also done file transfer with sockets, which is fine if the internet connection is uninterrupted, and you don't want to parallel stream.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-2.7,sync,dropbox","A_Id":30990211,"CreationDate":"2012-12-13T07:56:00.000","Title":"Python file transfer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to parse html code in python and tried beautiful soup and pyquery already. The problem is that those parsers modify original code e.g insert some tag or etc. Is there any parser out there that do not change the code?\n\nI tried HTMLParser but no success! :(\nIt doesn't modify the code and just tells me where tags are placed. But it fails in parsing web pages like mail.live.com\nAny idea how to parse a web page just like a browser?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":273,"Q_Id":13859124,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No, to this moment there is no such HTML parser and every parser has it's own limitations.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,parsing","A_Id":18350504,"CreationDate":"2012-12-13T11:44:00.000","Title":"python html parser which doesn't modify actual markup?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm building a file hosting app that will store all client files within a folder on an S3 bucket. I then want to track the amount of usage on S3 recursively per top folder to charge back the cost of storage and bandwidth to each corresponding client. \nFront-end is django but the solution can be python for obvious reasons.\nIs it better to create a bucket per client programmatically?\nIf I do go with the approach of creating a bucket per client, is it then possible to get the cost of cloudfront exposure of the bucket if enabled?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":818,"Q_Id":13873119,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No its not possible to create a bucket for each user as Amazon allows only 100 buckets per account. So unless you are sure not to have more than 100 users, it will be a very bad idea.\nThe ideal solution will be to remember each user's storage in you Django app itself in database. I guess you would be using S3 boto library for storing the files, than it returns the byte size after each upload. You can use that to store that.\nThere is also another way out, you could create many folders inside a bucket with each folder specific to an user. But still the best way to remember the storage usage in your app","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,amazon-s3","A_Id":13892252,"CreationDate":"2012-12-14T05:20:00.000","Title":"How can I track s3 bucket folder usage with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a use case where I need to fill the form in a website but don't have access to API. Currently we are using webdriver along with browser but it gets very heavy and not fool proof as the process is asynchronous. Is there any way I can do it without browser and also make the process synchronous by closely monitoring the pending requests?\nCasperjs and htmlunitdriver seems to be some of the best options I have. Can someone explain advantages or disadvantages in terms of maintenance, fail-proof, light weight. \nI would need to navigate complex and many different types of webpages. Some of the webpages I would like to navigate are heavily JS driven.\nCan Scrapy be used for this purpose?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":811,"Q_Id":13873719,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Use Htmlunitdriver.For making it fail proof You would have to make some changes accordingly.But It will work without browser.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,scrapy,selenium-webdriver,phantomjs","A_Id":13873743,"CreationDate":"2012-12-14T06:23:00.000","Title":"Navigation utility without browser, light weight and fail-proof","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"am trying to find a way to detect if a given URL has an RSS feed or not. Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":812,"Q_Id":13892113,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Each RSS have some format.\n\nSee what Content-Type the server returns for the given URL. However, this may not be specific and a server may not necessarily return the correct header.\nTry to parse the content of the URL as RSS and see if it is successful - this is likely the only definitive proof that a given URL is a RSS feed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rss","A_Id":13892148,"CreationDate":"2012-12-15T12:20:00.000","Title":"given a URL in python, how can i check if URL has RSS feed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wan't to generate a WSDL file for my REST web service. I also need to parse it in Python. How can I do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":800,"Q_Id":13909225,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Errr?\nWSDL usually refers to SOAP which to my knowledge encapsulates the actual remote call protocol inside it's own protocol and just happens to use HTTP as a transport\nREST refers to (usually) to using HTTP methods appropriately e.g. DELETE \/frobnication\/1 would delete it PUT \/frobnication\/1 would completely replace the thing (resource) under that URL. POST \/frobnication\/1 updates it .... (HTTP does have a few more methods).\nREST doesn't usually have a WSDL thou, IIRC, there is some talk about \"commonly known entry points\" (Google for that).\nVote me down but to me that question seems to mix up 2 completely different topics...","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rest,python-2.7","A_Id":13923221,"CreationDate":"2012-12-17T06:17:00.000","Title":"How do I generate a WSDL file for my REST client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Just the title, what the difference between them?\nIn python, socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) and socket.gethostbyname(socket.getfqdn()) return different results on my computer.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":10295,"Q_Id":13931924,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"From documentation, \nsocket.gethostname returns a string containing the hostname of the machine where the Python interpreter is currently executing.\nsocket.getfqdn returns a fully qualified domain name if it's available or gethostname otherwise. \nFully qualified domain name  is a domain name that specifies its exact location in the tree hierarchy of the DNS. From wikipedia examples:\n\nFor example, given a device with a local hostname myhost and a parent\n  domain name example.com, the fully qualified domain name is\n  myhost.example.com.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":13932042,"CreationDate":"2012-12-18T11:26:00.000","Title":"what's the difference between gethostname and getfqdn?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Just the title, what the difference between them?\nIn python, socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) and socket.gethostbyname(socket.getfqdn()) return different results on my computer.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10295,"Q_Id":13931924,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The hostname is not the fully qualified domain name, hence why they return different results.\ngetfqdn() will return the fully qualified domain name while gethostname() will return the hostname.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":13931968,"CreationDate":"2012-12-18T11:26:00.000","Title":"what's the difference between gethostname and getfqdn?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Just the title, what the difference between them?\nIn python, socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) and socket.gethostbyname(socket.getfqdn()) return different results on my computer.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10295,"Q_Id":13931924,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Note that the selected reply above is quite confusing.\nYES socket.getfqdn WILL return a full-qualified hostname. But if it's going to be 'localhost.localdomain' you probably actually want socket.gethostname instead so that you get something that is somewhat useable.\nThe difference is that one reads from \/etc\/hostname and \/etc\/domainname while the other reads the kernel nodename. Depending on your distribution, configuration, OS, etc. your mileage WILL vary.\nWhat this means is that you generally want to first check socket.getfqdn, and verify if it returns 'localhost.localdomain'. if it does, use socket.gethostname instead.\nFinally, python also has platform.node which is basically the same as socket.gethostname on python, though this might be a better choice for multiplatform code.\nThat's quite an important detail.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":43330159,"CreationDate":"2012-12-18T11:26:00.000","Title":"what's the difference between gethostname and getfqdn?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to find a way to rename (change email address aka group id) a google group via api.  Using the python client libraries and the provisioning api i am able to modify the group name and description, and I have used the group settings api to modify a group's settings.  Is there a way to change the email address?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":923,"Q_Id":13937326,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is no group rename function for groups as there is for users. With the Group Settings and Provisioning APIs though, you can capture much of the group specifics and migrate that over to a new group. You would lose:\n-Group Archive\n-Managers (show only as members)\n-Email Delivery (Immediate, Digest, No-Delivery, etc)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"gdata-api,google-api-client,google-api-python-client,google-provisioning-api","A_Id":13938196,"CreationDate":"2012-12-18T16:28:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to change email address of a Google group via API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wonder how to update fast numbers on a website.\nI have a machine that generates a lot of output, and I need to show it on line. However my problem is the update frequency is high, and therefore I am not sure how to handle it.\nIt would be nice to show the last N numbers, say ten. The numbers are updated at 30Hz. That might be too much for the human eye, but the human eye is only for control here.\nI wonder how to do this. A page reload would keep the browser continuously loading a page, and for a web page something more then just these numbers would need to be shown.\nI might generate a raw web engine that writes the number to a page over a specific IP address and port number, but even then I wonder whether this page reloading would be too slow, giving a strange experience to the users.\nHow should I deal with such an extreme update rate of data on a website? Usually websites are not like that.\nIn the tags for this question I named the languages that I understand. In the end I will probably write in C#.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":114,"Q_Id":13938903,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"a) WebSockets in conjuction with ajax to update only parts of the site would work, disadvantage: the clients infrastructure (proxies) must support those (which is currently not the case 99% of time).\nb) With existing infrastructure the approach is Long Polling. You make an XmlHttpRequest using javascript. In case no data is present, the request is blocked on server side for say 5 to 10 seconds. In case data is avaiable, you immediately answer the request. The client then immediately sends a new request. I managed to get >500 updates per second using java client connecting via proxy, http to a webserver (real time stock data displayed).\nYou need to bundle several updates with each request in order to get enough throughput.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"c#,python,asp.net,web-services,perl","A_Id":13939065,"CreationDate":"2012-12-18T18:07:00.000","Title":"Rapid number updates on a website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have a suite of selenium tests that on setup and teardown open and close the browser to start a new test.\nThis approach takes a long time for tests to run as the opening and closing is slow. Is there any way to open the browser once in the constructor then reste on setup and cleanup on teardown, then on the deconstructor close the browser?\nAny example would be really appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.761594156,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":601,"Q_Id":13957413,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"You can use class or module level setup and teardown methods instead of test level setup and teardown.  Be careful with this though, as if you don't reset your test environment explicitly in each test, you have to handle cleaning everything out (cookies, history, etc) manually, and recovering the browser if it has crashed, before each test.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":13957461,"CreationDate":"2012-12-19T17:02:00.000","Title":"Selenium test suite only open browser once","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm wondering what the pros and cons are of using Selenium Webdriver with the python bindings versus Java. So far, it seems like going the java route has much better documentation. Other than that, it seems down to which language you prefer, but perhaps I'm missing something.\nThanks for any input!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12904,"Q_Id":13960897,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"\"If you're running selenium tests against a Java application, then it makes sense to drive your tests with Java.\"  This is untrue.  It makes no difference what the web application is written in.  \nPersonally I prefer python because it's equally as powerful as other languages, such as Java, and far less verbose making code maintenance less of a headache.  However, if you choose a language, don't write it like you were programming in another language.  For example if you're writing in Python, don't write like you were using Java.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"java,python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":35039909,"CreationDate":"2012-12-19T20:47:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver with Java vs. Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm wondering what the pros and cons are of using Selenium Webdriver with the python bindings versus Java. So far, it seems like going the java route has much better documentation. Other than that, it seems down to which language you prefer, but perhaps I'm missing something.\nThanks for any input!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12904,"Q_Id":13960897,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It really does not matter. Even the Documentation. Selenium lib is not big at all.\nMoreover, if you are good in development, you'll wrap selenium in your own code, and will never use driver.find(By.whatever(description)). Also you'd use some standards and By.whatever will become By.xpath only.\nPersonally, I prefer python and the reason is that and my other tests for software use other python libs -> this way I can unite my tests.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"java,python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":13992922,"CreationDate":"2012-12-19T20:47:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver with Java vs. Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm wondering what the pros and cons are of using Selenium Webdriver with the python bindings versus Java. So far, it seems like going the java route has much better documentation. Other than that, it seems down to which language you prefer, but perhaps I'm missing something.\nThanks for any input!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12904,"Q_Id":13960897,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For me it's just a language preference.  There are bindings for other languages, but I believe they communicate with Webdriver via some sort of socket interface.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"java,python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":13961695,"CreationDate":"2012-12-19T20:47:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver with Java vs. Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm wondering what the pros and cons are of using Selenium Webdriver with the python bindings versus Java. So far, it seems like going the java route has much better documentation. Other than that, it seems down to which language you prefer, but perhaps I'm missing something.\nThanks for any input!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12904,"Q_Id":13960897,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You've got it spot on, there are ton load of documents for Java. All the new feature implementations are mostly explained with Java. Even stackoverflow has a pretty strong community for java + selenium.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"java,python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":13961645,"CreationDate":"2012-12-19T20:47:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver with Java vs. Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm wondering what the pros and cons are of using Selenium Webdriver with the python bindings versus Java. So far, it seems like going the java route has much better documentation. Other than that, it seems down to which language you prefer, but perhaps I'm missing something.\nThanks for any input!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":5,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":12904,"Q_Id":13960897,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Generally speaking, the Java selenium web driver is better documented.  When I'm searching for help with a particular issue, I'm much more likely to find a Java discussion of my problem than a Python discussion.\nAnother thing to consider is, what language does the rest of your code base use?  If you're running selenium tests against a Java application, then it makes sense to drive your tests with Java.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"java,python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":13961711,"CreationDate":"2012-12-19T20:47:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver with Java vs. Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I have been trying to figure our how to use BeautifulSoup and did a quick search and found lxml can parse the xpath of an html page. I would LOVE if I could do that but the tutorial isnt that intuitive.\nI know how to use Firebug to grab the xpath and was curious if anyone has use lxml and can explain how I can use it to parse specific xpath's, and print them.. say 5 per line..or if it's even possible?!\nSelenium is using Chrome and loads the page properly, just need help moving forward.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1853,"Q_Id":13965403,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I prefer to use lxml. Because the efficiency of lxml is more higher than selenium for large elements extraction. You can use selenium to get source of webpages and parse the source with lxml's xpath instead of the native find_elements_with_xpath in selenium.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,parsing,selenium,lxml,xpath","A_Id":40276743,"CreationDate":"2012-12-20T04:37:00.000","Title":"Can I parse xpath using python, selenium and lxml?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to crawl a forum website with scrapy.\nThe crawler works fine if I have\nCONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 1\nBut if I increase that number then I get this error\n\n2012-12-21 05:04:36+0800 [working] DEBUG: Retrying http:\/\/www.example.com\/profile.php?id=1580> (failed 1 times): 503\n  Service Unavailable\n\nI want to know if the forum is blocking the request or there is some settings problem.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":14588,"Q_Id":13965684,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"HTTP status code 503, \"Service Unavailable\", means that (for some reason) the server wasn't able to process your request. It's usually a transient error. I you want to know if you have been blocked, just try again in a little while and see what happens.\nIt could also mean that you're fetching pages too quickly. The fix is not to do this by keeping concurrent requests at 1 (and possibly adding a delay). Be polite.\nAnd you will encounter various errors if you are scraping a enough. Just make sure that your crawler can handle them.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":13967095,"CreationDate":"2012-12-20T05:09:00.000","Title":"Getting service unavailable error in scrapy crawling","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"is there some way of detecting using javascript that a user has switched to a different tab in the same browser window. \nAdditionally is there a way to detect a user has switched to a different window than the browser?\nthank you","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3555,"Q_Id":13989737,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Trap the window.onblur event.\nIt's raised whenever the current window (or tab) loses focus.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"javascript,browser,python-idle","A_Id":13989768,"CreationDate":"2012-12-21T11:56:00.000","Title":"Detect change of browser tabs with javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"is there some way of detecting using javascript that a user has switched to a different tab in the same browser window. \nAdditionally is there a way to detect a user has switched to a different window than the browser?\nthank you","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3555,"Q_Id":13989737,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Most probably there is no standards javascript for this. Some browsers might support it but normally there is only a window.onblur event to find out the user has gone away from the current window.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"javascript,browser,python-idle","A_Id":13989766,"CreationDate":"2012-12-21T11:56:00.000","Title":"Detect change of browser tabs with javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Using Twitter Streaming API getting tweets from a specific query.\nHowever some tweets came with different codification (there are boxes instead of words).\nIs there any way to fix it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":228,"Q_Id":13991387,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use a different font, or a better method of displaying those.\nAll tweets in the streaming API are encoded with the same codec (JSON data is fully unicode aware), but not all characters can be displayed by all fonts.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":13991409,"CreationDate":"2012-12-21T13:51:00.000","Title":"Tweets from Twitter Streaming API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to build a chat server that handles multiple clients. I am trying to handle each connected client on a new thread. The problem is that I am really confused on how to forward the message received from a client to the intended receiver. I mean client-1 to client-5. I am very new to socket programming. So any kind of help is appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1730,"Q_Id":14008339,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Here's a pseudo-design for your server.  I'll speak in programming language agnostic terms.\nHave a \"global hash table\" that maps \"client id numbers\" to the corresponding \"socket\" (and any other client data).  Any access to this hash table is guarded with a mutex.\nEvery time you accept a new connection, spin up a thread.  I'm assuming there's something in your chat protocol where a client identifies himself, gets a client id number assigned, and gets added to the session.  The first thing the thread does is adds the socket for this client connection to the hash table.\nWhenever a message comes in (e.g. from client 1 to client 5), lookup \"client 5\" in the hash table to obtain its socket.  Forward the message on this socket.\nThere's a few race conditions to work out, but that should be a decent enough design.\nOf course, if you really want to scale, you wouldn't do the \"thread per connection\" approach. But if you are limited to about 100 or less clients simultaneously connected, you'll be ok.  After that, you should consider a single-threaded approach using non-blocking i\/o.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,sockets,client-server","A_Id":14010119,"CreationDate":"2012-12-23T03:19:00.000","Title":"Python: multiple client threaded chat server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In Python how can I download a bunch of files quickly? urllib.urlretrieve() is very slow, and I'm not very sure how to go about this. \nI have a list of 15-20 files to download, and it takes forever just to download one. Each file is about 2-4 mb.\nI have never done this before, and I'm not really sure where I should start. Should I use threading and download a few at a time? Or should I use threading to download pieces of each file, but one file at a time, or should I even be using threading?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6891,"Q_Id":14014498,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"urllib.urlretrieve() is very slow\n\nReally? If you've got 15-20 files of 2-4mb each, then I'd just line 'em up and download 'em. The bottle neck is going to be the bandwith for your server and yourself. So IMHO, hardly worth threading or trying anything clever in this case...","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,multithreading,python-2.7,download,urllib","A_Id":14014516,"CreationDate":"2012-12-23T20:33:00.000","Title":"Python: Download multiple files quickly","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"One of Python's features is the pickle function, that allows you to store any arbitrary anything, and restore it exactly to its original form. One common usage is to take a fully instantiated object and pickle it for later use. In my case I have an AMQP Message object that is not serializable and I want to be able to store it in a session store and retrieve it which I can do with pickle. The primary difference is that I need to call a method on the object, I am not just looking for the data.\nBut this project is in nodejs and it seems like with all of node's low-level libraries there must be some way to save this object, so that it could persist between web calls.\nThe use case is that a web page picks up a RabbitMQ message and displays the info derived from it. I don't want to acknowledge the message until the message has been acted on. I would just normally just save the data in session state, but that's not an option unless I can somehow save it in its original form.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6428,"Q_Id":14100093,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"As far as I am aware, there isn't an equivalent to pickle in JavaScript (or in the standard node libraries).","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,node.js,amqp","A_Id":14100129,"CreationDate":"2012-12-31T09:54:00.000","Title":"What would be the equivalent of Pythons \"pickle\" in nodejs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've spent a few days on and off trying to get some hard statistics on what kind of performance you can expect from using the HTTPServer and\/or TCPServer built-in libraries in Python.\nI was wondering if anyone can give me any idea's as to how either\/or would handle serving HTTP requests and if they would be able to hold up in production environments or in situations with high traffic and if anyone had any tips or clues that would improve performance in these situations. (Assuming that there is no access to external libraries like Twisted etc)\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2663,"Q_Id":14111460,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Neither of those built-in libraries was meant for serious production use.  Get real implementations, for example, from Twisted, or Tornado, or gunicorn, etc, etc, there are lots of them.  There's no need to stick with the standard library modules.\nThe performance, and probably the robustness of the built-in libraries is poor.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,performance,tcpserver,httpserver","A_Id":14111484,"CreationDate":"2013-01-01T14:58:00.000","Title":"Performance of Python HTTPServer and TCPServer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using hosted exchange Microsoft Office 365 email and I have a Python script that sends email with smtplib. It is working very well. But there is one issue, how can I get the emails to show up in my Outlook Sent Items?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1550,"Q_Id":14153954,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can send a copy of that email to yourself, with some header that tag the email was sent by yourself, then get another script (using IMAP library maybe) to move the email to the Outlook Sent folder","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,outlook,smtplib","A_Id":14154176,"CreationDate":"2013-01-04T08:57:00.000","Title":"How can I see emails sent with Python's smtplib in my Outlook Sent Items folder?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using the Selenium Python bindings, is it possible to start the RemoteWebDriver server separately from creating a webdriver.Remote instance?  The point of doing this would be to save time spent repeatedly starting and stopping the server when all I really need is a new instance of the client. (This is possible with ChromeDriver.)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":205,"Q_Id":14160679,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"the server is started independently. creating an instance of webdriver.Remote does not start the server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":14161598,"CreationDate":"2013-01-04T16:11:00.000","Title":"Start `RemoteWebDriver` server separately from creating a `webdriver.Remote` instance?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Are there problems with sharing a single instance of RemoteWebDriver between multiple test cases?  If not, what's the best practice place to create the instance?  I'm working with Python, so I think my options are module level setup, test case class setup, test case instance setup (any others?)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":249,"Q_Id":14161479,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Sharing a single RemoteWebDriver can be dangerous, since your tests are no longer independently self-contained.  You have to be careful about cleaning up browser state and the like, and recovering from browser crashes in the event a previous test has crashed the browser.  You'll also probably have more problems if you ever try to do anything distributed across multiple threads, processes, or machines.  That said, the options you have for controlling this are not dependent on Selenium itself, but whatever code or framework you are using to drive it.  At least with Nose, and I think basic pyunit, you can have setup routines at the class, module, or package level, and they can be configured to run for each test, each class, each module, or each package, if memory serves.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,testcase","A_Id":14161887,"CreationDate":"2013-01-04T17:03:00.000","Title":"Share single instance of selenium RemoteWebDriver between multiple test cases","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My internet connection has an issue. Around 50% of times, web pages don't load because of DNS look up failing. Just reloading page works, and I am able to browse like that.\nHowever, I am also using REST api service for my project. When I run the program, it keeps on calling this webservice repeatedly, hundreds of times. Because of my issue, I can at most connect successfully 3-4 times (when I am lucky), and then ultimately I get connection error - \"Max number of retries exceeded\". \nI was exploring my options when I came across this Keep Alive property in Requests module. Its automatic, and I cant forcefully make it work. \nHow do I get this working?\nP.S. - I know fixing my internet connection issue will solve it, but I am moving in a week, so I dont want to waste time here. Also need to complete my project, so please helppppp!!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":524,"Q_Id":14163949,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could try setting up your application or operating system to use a known good DNS server like 8.8.8.8\nEDIT: You can also bypass the DNS by adding the host name and IP address of the REST service to yor hosts file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"http,rest,python-2.7,keep-alive,python-requests","A_Id":14171479,"CreationDate":"2013-01-04T19:52:00.000","Title":"Using Keep Alive in Requests module - Python 2.7","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Given a bucket with publicly accessible contents, how can I get a listing of all those publicly accessible contents? I know boto can do this, but boto requires AWS credentials. Also, boto doesn't work in Python3, which is what I'm working with.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1214,"Q_Id":14177436,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Using AWS CLI,\naws s3 ls s3:\/\/*bucketname* --region *bucket-region* --no-sign-request","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python-3.x,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3","A_Id":70791596,"CreationDate":"2013-01-05T23:11:00.000","Title":"Get publicly accessible contents of S3 bucket without AWS credentials","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Given a bucket with publicly accessible contents, how can I get a listing of all those publicly accessible contents? I know boto can do this, but boto requires AWS credentials. Also, boto doesn't work in Python3, which is what I'm working with.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1214,"Q_Id":14177436,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"If the bucket's permissions allow Everyone to list it, you can just do a simple HTTP GET request to http:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/bucketname with no credentials. The response will be XML with everything in it, whether those objects are accessible by Everyone or not. I don't know if boto has an option to make this request without credentials. If not, you'll have to use lower-level HTTP and XML libraries.\nIf the bucket itself does not allow Everyone to list it, there is no way to get a list of its contents, even if some of the objects in it are publicly accessible.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python-3.x,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3","A_Id":14199730,"CreationDate":"2013-01-05T23:11:00.000","Title":"Get publicly accessible contents of S3 bucket without AWS credentials","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Can I have any highlight kind of things using Python 2.7? Say when my script clicking on the submit button,feeding data into the text field or selecting values from the drop-down field, just to highlight on that element to make sure to the script runner that his\/her script doing what he\/she wants.\nEDIT\nI am using selenium-webdriver with python to automate some web based work on a third party application.\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":909,"Q_Id":14241239,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"[NOTE: I'm leaving this answer for historical purposes but readers should note that the original question has changed from concerning itself with Python to concerning itself with Selenium]\nAssuming you're talking about a browser based application being served from a Python back-end server (and it's just a guess since there's no information in your post):\nIf you are constructing a response in your Python back-end, wrap the stuff that you want to highlight in a <span> tag and set a class on the span tag.  Then, in your CSS define that class with whatever highlighting properties you want to use.\nHowever, if you want to accomplish this highlighting in an already-loaded browser page without generating new HTML on the back end and returning that to the browser, then Python (on the server) has no knowledge of or ability to affect the web page in browser.  You must accomplish this using Javascript or a Javascript library or framework in the browser.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,selenium-webdriver,highlighting","A_Id":14241317,"CreationDate":"2013-01-09T16:01:00.000","Title":"Can selenium be used to highlight sections of a web page?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can I have any highlight kind of things using Python 2.7? Say when my script clicking on the submit button,feeding data into the text field or selecting values from the drop-down field, just to highlight on that element to make sure to the script runner that his\/her script doing what he\/she wants.\nEDIT\nI am using selenium-webdriver with python to automate some web based work on a third party application.\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":909,"Q_Id":14241239,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"This is something you need to do with javascript, not python.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,selenium-webdriver,highlighting","A_Id":14241261,"CreationDate":"2013-01-09T16:01:00.000","Title":"Can selenium be used to highlight sections of a web page?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When binding to a socket in python the value for host can be '' which means all interfaces. Or it can be a string containing a real ip address eg '192.168.1.5'.\nSo its possible to bind to all or 1 interface.\nWhat if I have 3 interfaces and I  want to bind to only 2 of them.\nIs this possible?\nWhat value do I give host, I have tired a list, a tuple, a comma separated string.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":885,"Q_Id":14243196,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Unfortunately, it's not possible to bind to the subset of interfaces using socket module. This module provides access to BSD socket interface, which allow to specify only single address while binding. For this single address a special value of INADDR_ANY in C exists to allow for binding to all interfaces (Python translates empty string to this value).\nIf you want to bind to more than one, but not all, interfaces using socket module, you'll need to create multiple sockets.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":14243915,"CreationDate":"2013-01-09T17:41:00.000","Title":"Python Sockets Bind to 2 out of 3 network interfaces","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"After completing the oAuth handshake with Intuit Anywhere (AI), I use the API to get the HTML for the blue dot menu. Sometimes, the expected HTML is returned. Other times, I get this message \n\nThis API requires Authorization. 22 2013-01-10T15:32:33.43741Z\n\nTypically, this message is returned when the oAuth token is expired. However, on the occasions when I get it, I can click around in my website for a bit or do a refresh, and the expected HTML is returned. I checked the headers being sent and, in both cases (i.e., when the expected HTML is returned, and an error is returned), the request is exactly the same. I wouldn't be surprised if this was a bug in Intuit's API, but I'm trying to rule out any other possibilities first. Please let me know if you have any thoughts on how to fix this. Thanks.\nUpdate: It seems the problem is occurring only when I do a refresh. This seems to be the case both in Firefox and Safari on OSX. It sounds to be like a Javascript caching issue.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":377,"Q_Id":14261512,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I received this error as well and am posting this as pointer for other who stumble upon this. Error Code 22 (Authentication required) for me meant that the OAuth signature was wrong. This was confusing because I couldn't find this error listed in the Quickbooks documents for reconnect.\nI was signing the request as a \"POST\" request instead of a \"GET\" request which is what Quickbooks requires for calls to the reconnect endpoint.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,intuit-partner-platform","A_Id":27932175,"CreationDate":"2013-01-10T15:36:00.000","Title":"Sometimes getting \"API requires authorization\" from intuit anywhere api after a fresh oAuth handshake","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a server, onto which I want to use Python, that is behind a company firewall. I do not want to mess with it and the only thing I can do is to make a firewall exception for specific URL\/domains.\nI also want to access packages located on PYPI, using pip or easy_install. Therefore, do you know which URL should I ask to be listed in the exception rules for the firewall, except *.pypi.python.org?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":29142,"Q_Id":14277088,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"You need to open up your firewall to the download locations of any package you need to install, or connect to a proxy server that has been given access.\nNote that the download location is not necessarily on PyPI. The Python package index is a metadata service, one that happens to also provide storage for the indexed packages. As such, not all packages indexed on PyPI are actually downloaded from PyPI, the download location could be anywhere on the internet.\nI'd say you start with opening pypi.python.org, then as individual package installions fail, check their PyPI page and add the download location listed for those.","Q_Score":28,"Tags":"python,pip,firewall","A_Id":14277298,"CreationDate":"2013-01-11T11:19:00.000","Title":"what url should I authorize to use pip behind a firewall?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a server, onto which I want to use Python, that is behind a company firewall. I do not want to mess with it and the only thing I can do is to make a firewall exception for specific URL\/domains.\nI also want to access packages located on PYPI, using pip or easy_install. Therefore, do you know which URL should I ask to be listed in the exception rules for the firewall, except *.pypi.python.org?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":29142,"Q_Id":14277088,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"I've solved it adding these domains to the firewall whitelist:\n\npypi.python.org\npypi.org\npythonhosted.org","Q_Score":28,"Tags":"python,pip,firewall","A_Id":67416056,"CreationDate":"2013-01-11T11:19:00.000","Title":"what url should I authorize to use pip behind a firewall?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to python so please excuse me if question doesn't make sense in advance. \nWe have a python messaging server which has one file server.py with main function in it. It also has a class \"*server\" and main defines a global instance of this class, \"the_server\". All other functions in same file or diff modules (in same dir) import this instance as \"from main import the_server\".\nNow, my job is to devise a mechanism which allows us to get latest message status (number of messages etc.) from the aforementioned messaging server. \nThis is the dir structure:\nsrc\/ -> all .py files only one file has main\nIn the same directory I created another status server with main function listening for connections on a different port and I'm hoping that every time a client asks me for message status I can invoke function(s) on my messaging server which returns the expected numbers. \nHow can I import the global instance, \"the_server\" in my status server or rather is it the right way to go?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":128,"Q_Id":14370402,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Unless your \"status server\" and \"real server\" are running in the same process (that is, loosely, one of them imports the other and starts it), just from main import the_server in your status server isn't going to help. That will just give you a new, completely independent instance of the_server that isn't doing anything, which you can then report status on.\nThere are a few obvious ways to solve the problem.\n\nMerge the status server into the real server completely, by expanding the existing protocol to handle status-related requests, as Peter Wooster suggestions.\nMerge the status server into the real server async I\/O implementation, but still listening on two different ports, with different protocol handlers for each.\nMerge the status server into the real server process, but with a separate async I\/O implementation.\nStore the status information in, e.g., a mmap or a multiprocessing.Array instead of directly in the Server object, so the status server can open the same mmap\/etc. and read from it. (You might be able to put the Server object itself in shared memory, but I wouldn't recommend this even if you could make it work.)\n\nI could make these more concrete if you explained how you're dealing with async I\/O in the server today. Select (or poll\/kqueue\/epoll) loop? Thread per connection? Magical greenlets? Non-magical cooperative threading (like PEP 3156\/tulip)? Even just \"All I know is that we're using twisted\/tornado\/gevent\/etc., so whatever that does\" is enough.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,client-server,messaging","A_Id":14370602,"CreationDate":"2013-01-17T00:37:00.000","Title":"Python server interaction","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to python so please excuse me if question doesn't make sense in advance. \nWe have a python messaging server which has one file server.py with main function in it. It also has a class \"*server\" and main defines a global instance of this class, \"the_server\". All other functions in same file or diff modules (in same dir) import this instance as \"from main import the_server\".\nNow, my job is to devise a mechanism which allows us to get latest message status (number of messages etc.) from the aforementioned messaging server. \nThis is the dir structure:\nsrc\/ -> all .py files only one file has main\nIn the same directory I created another status server with main function listening for connections on a different port and I'm hoping that every time a client asks me for message status I can invoke function(s) on my messaging server which returns the expected numbers. \nHow can I import the global instance, \"the_server\" in my status server or rather is it the right way to go?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":128,"Q_Id":14370402,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You should probably use a single server and design a protocol that supports several kinds of messages. 'send' messages get sent, 'recv' message read any existing message, 'status' messages get the server status, 'stop' messages shut it down, etc.\nYou might look at existing protocols such as REST, for ideas.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,client-server,messaging","A_Id":14370495,"CreationDate":"2013-01-17T00:37:00.000","Title":"Python server interaction","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to access a subset of files from a directory in Dropbox. That directory has more than 25k files (about 200k and growing) and so my initial attempt at building a list of filenames from client.metadata isn't workable. \nHow can one get around this?\nI can access the filenames from my local copy and periodically update that list. However, because this is a script that a few people in my lab will use, I hoped for something that did not rely on my local copy of Dropbox.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":259,"Q_Id":14381019,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"According to the dropbox api, the max amount of files returned from the \/metadata api call is 25,000. There is a way to limit the amount of files returned from the api call, but there does not seem a way to list file entries starting from X to Y (like getting entries 100 to 200, then 200 to 300), it seems the only way is to separate these large number of files into folders","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,dropbox,dropbox-api","A_Id":14384514,"CreationDate":"2013-01-17T14:17:00.000","Title":"Access files from a large directory Dropbox API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to login to a website. Navigate to a report page. After entering the required information and clicking on the \"Go\" button(This is a multipart\/form-data that I am submitting), there's a pop up window asking me to save the file. I want to do it automatically by python.\nI search the internet for a couple of days, but can't find a way in python. By using urllib2, I can process up to submitting multipart form, but how can I get the name and location of the file and download it?\nPlease Note: There is no Href associated with the \"Go\" button. After submitting the form, a file-save dialog popup asking me where to save the file.\nthanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":346,"Q_Id":14400767,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are python bindings to Selenium, that are helping in scripting simulated browser behavior allowing to do really complex stuff with it - take a look at it, should be enough for what you need.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,download,popupwindow","A_Id":14401005,"CreationDate":"2013-01-18T14:15:00.000","Title":"Using python to download a file after clicking the submit button","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Need a way to extract a domain name without the subdomain from a url using Python urlparse.\nFor example, I would like to extract \"google.com\" from a full url like \"http:\/\/www.google.com\".\nThe closest I can seem to come with urlparse is the netloc attribute, but that includes the subdomain, which in this example would be www.google.com.\nI know that it is possible to write some custom string manipulation to turn www.google.com into google.com, but I want to avoid by-hand string transforms or regex in this task.  (The reason for this is that I am not familiar enough with url formation rules to feel confident that I could consider every edge case required in writing a custom parsing function.)\nOr, if urlparse can't do what I need, does anyone know any other Python url-parsing libraries that would?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":36432,"Q_Id":14406300,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Using the tldexport works fine, but apparently has a problem while parsing the blogspot.com subdomain and create a mess.\nIf you would like to go ahead with that library, make sure to implement an if condition or something to prevent returning an empty string in the subdomain.","Q_Score":56,"Tags":"python,parsing,url,urlparse","A_Id":18302950,"CreationDate":"2013-01-18T19:33:00.000","Title":"Python urlparse -- extract domain name without subdomain","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any method to let me know  the values of an object's attributes?\nFor example, info = urllib2.urlopen('http:\/\/www.python.org\/')\nI wanna know all the attributes' values of info. Maybe I don't know what are the attributes the info has. And str() or list() can not give me the answer.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":306,"Q_Id":14423868,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can use vars(info) or info.__dict__. It will return the object's namespace as a dictionary in the attribute_name:value format.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":14423880,"CreationDate":"2013-01-20T11:10:00.000","Title":"how to reveal an object's attributes in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been searching a week how check if a checkbox is checked in Selenium WebDriver with Python, but I find only algorithms from JAVA. I've read the WebDriver docs and it doesn't have an answer for that.\nAnyone have a solution?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":62290,"Q_Id":14442636,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"I'm using driver.find_element_by_name(\"< check_box_name >\").is_selected()","Q_Score":40,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":18076075,"CreationDate":"2013-01-21T16:09:00.000","Title":"How can I check if a checkbox is checked in Selenium Python WebDriver?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm creating a Python class as an API to objects managed remotely via REST.\nThe REST API includes a call that returns a list of dictionaries that define properties of the remote objects.  I'm in the process of writing code to dynamically add these properties as attributes of the corresponding Python objects (ie: when the class is instantiated, a REST query is made for a list of properties each of which is then added as an attribute on the instance.)\nHowever, this brought back memories of PHP code I'd once glanced at that dynamically added attributes to objects and thinking \"have you heard of dictionaries??\"\nGiven my background is rooted in C\/C++\/Java this is a somewhat foreign idea to me, but is perhaps par for the course in Python (and PHP).  So, when is it appropriate to dynamically add attributes to an object rather than using a dictionary?\nFrom what I've read in related material, it seems to me an API is a legitimate case.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":191,"Q_Id":14466695,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"disclaimer:  I know nothing about REST ...\nThat said, I would typically be a little hesitant to add attributes to an object willy-nilly for the following reasons: \n\nYou might accidentally replace some data that you don't want to replace due to a namespace clash\ndictionaries are easier to inspect rather than having to go through obj.__dict__ or vars(obj) or something similar.\n\nThere is precedence for adding attributes in the standard library however ... That's basically what argparse does to populate the returned namespace.  I think that perhaps it is worth asking the question:  \"Will the user know which attributes are going to be added to the object?\".  If the answer to this question is yes, and you're not worried about the afore mentioned namespace conflicts, then perhaps a simple object is appropriate, otherwise, I'd just use a dictionary.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,class,rest,attributes","A_Id":14466768,"CreationDate":"2013-01-22T19:41:00.000","Title":"When is it appropriate to dynamically add attributes to a Python object?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have two servers. Basically Server #1 runs a script throughout the day and when its done I need to send a notification to Server #2 to get it to run some other scripts.\nI am currently leaning on Amazon AWS tools and using Python so I was wondering if someone could recommend a simple, secure and easy to program way of:\n\nSetting up a flag on Server #1 when it is finished running its script\nPolling this flag from Server #2 \nRun scripts on Server #2 when the flag is active \nRemove the flag from Server #1 when the scripts have finished running on Server #2\n\nShould I be using Amazon SNS or SQS? Alternatively, are these both a poor choice, and if so can you recommend anything better? I am leaning towards AWS tools because I already have boto installed and I like the ease of use.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":479,"Q_Id":14499893,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Assuming Server #1 is running a script through cron, then there should be no reason you can't just use ssh to remotely change Server #2.  I believe if you use the elastic-ip addresses it might not count as bandwidth usage.\nBarring that, I'd use SNS.  The model would instead be something like:\n\nServer #1 notifies Server #2 (script starting)\nServer #1 starts running script\n(optional) Server #1 notifies Server #2 of progress\nServer #1 notifies Server #2 (script complete), starting Server #2's scripts\nServer #2 notifies Server #1 when it's complete\n\nIn this case you'd set up some sort of simple webserver to accept the notifications.  Simple CGI scripts would cut it though aren't the most secure option.\nI'd only bring SQS into the picture if two many scripts were trying to run at once.  If you are chunking it \"all of Server #1, then Server #2\" it's a level you don't really need.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,linux,amazon-web-services,debian","A_Id":14500253,"CreationDate":"2013-01-24T11:09:00.000","Title":"Communicate between two servers - Amazon SQS \/ SNS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Python, and I want to analyze audio files from internet streaming media (for example Youtube, Soundcloud, etc.)\nIs there a universal way to do so? There is a pre-loading for every music or video, there must be a way to access it? How?\nI want to run this script on an external server, that might be relevant to the answer.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":65,"Q_Id":14500656,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"All sound you \"hear\" on your pc has to run through your soundcard, Maybe somehow write a script that \"records\" the sounds runnning through the device. Maybe u can use Pymedia module?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,audio,audio-streaming","A_Id":14503589,"CreationDate":"2013-01-24T11:47:00.000","Title":"Cross-platform audio import from different sources","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to crawl a website having multiple pages and when a page number is clicked it is dynamically loaded.How to screen scrape it?\ni.e as the url is not present as href or a how to crawl to other pages?\nWould be greatful if someone helped me on this.\nPS:URL remains the same when different page is clicked.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4658,"Q_Id":14503078,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"if you are using google chrome, you can check the url which is dynamically being called in \nnetwork->headers  of the developer tools\nso based on that you can identify whether it is a GET or POST request.\nIf it is a GET request you can find the parameters straight away from the url.\nIf it is a POST request you can find the parameters from form data in network->headers\nof the developer tools.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,web-crawler","A_Id":14503228,"CreationDate":"2013-01-24T13:58:00.000","Title":"How to crawl a web site where page navigation involves dynamic loading","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wrote the following function for use in a collection of socket utilities I use for testing.  (Using Python 2.7.3, if that's important.)  The main reason I pulled the select library into it was so I could implement a timeout instead of just waiting forever for a response.  The problem I've found though is that the response is getting truncated at 2048 characters, despite using 64K as the maximum size for the .recv() method on the socket.  This truncation didn't happen before I involved select.  It happily pulled through 64K and even more when I set the maximum size higher.\nI've looked through some online resources on select and I find any information on this apparent cap on the size of the received data.  I.e. no information that it exists, let alone how to modify it.  Can anyone point me to a way to overcome this 2K limit?\n\n    import socket,select\n    MAXSIZE = 65535\n    TIMEOUT = 10\n\n    def transientConnect(host,port,sendData):\n        error,response = False,''\n        try:\n            sendSocket = socket.socket()\n            sendSocket.connect((host,port))\n            sendSocket.send(sendData)\n            gotData = select.select([sendSocket],[],[],TIMEOUT)\n            if (gotData[0]):\n                response = sendSocket.recv(MAXSIZE)\n            else:\n                error    = True\n                response = '*** TIMEOUT ***\\nNo response from host.'\n            sendSocket.close()\n        except Exception, errText:\n            error,response = True,'*** SOCKET ERROR ***\\n'+str(errText)\n        return (error,response)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1405,"Q_Id":14506025,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The corrected, tested, and working function:\n\n\n    MAXSIZE = 65535\n    TIMEOUT = 10\n    def transientConnect(host,port,sendData):\n        error,response = False,''\n        try:\n            sendSocket = socket.socket()\n            sendSocket.connect((host,port))\n            sendSocket.send(sendData)\n            gotData = select.select([sendSocket],[],[],TIMEOUT)\n            if (gotData[0]):\n                response = sendSocket.recv(MAXSIZE)\n                while True:\n                    #Once data starts arriving, use a shorter timeout\n                    gotData2 = select.select([sendSocket],[],[],0.5)\n                    if (gotData2[0]):\n                        moreData = sendSocket.recv(MAXSIZE)\n                        response += moreData\n                    else:break\n            else:\n                error    = True\n                response = '*** TIMEOUT ***\\nNo response from host.'\n            sendSocket.close()\n        except Exception, errText:\n            error,response = True,'*** SOCKET ERROR ***\\n'+str(errText)\n        return (error,response)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"sockets,python-2.7,client","A_Id":14514022,"CreationDate":"2013-01-24T16:25:00.000","Title":"Server response on socket being truncated at 2K","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a weather station supplying me data every 2.5 seconds. (using weewx)\nI want to show this live on my website using highcharts to plot live data.\nCurrently i can pickup the messages from the redis channel 'weather' using Predis just to test.\nThe issue is that the data is only sent every 2.5, so when a users opens the php site he sometimes has to wait 2.5 seconds for the chart to appear.\nDo you have any suggestions to get around this issue?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":238,"Q_Id":14508976,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Store the data manually the very first time (while developing the software).\nEvery 2.5 seconds of running, use polling to check for updated data. If the data is updated, then update the data currently stored.\n\nWhen the user logs on, you plot the chart with the values in the database.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,redis","A_Id":14511844,"CreationDate":"2013-01-24T19:15:00.000","Title":"Redis: Live data via channel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a weather station supplying me data every 2.5 seconds. (using weewx)\nI want to show this live on my website using highcharts to plot live data.\nCurrently i can pickup the messages from the redis channel 'weather' using Predis just to test.\nThe issue is that the data is only sent every 2.5, so when a users opens the php site he sometimes has to wait 2.5 seconds for the chart to appear.\nDo you have any suggestions to get around this issue?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":238,"Q_Id":14508976,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What you should do is have a second listener dump data into a key current_weather every time an event comes across. When you first load the page, pull from that key to build the chart, then start listening for updates.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,redis","A_Id":14511705,"CreationDate":"2013-01-24T19:15:00.000","Title":"Redis: Live data via channel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently working on an app that syncs one specific folder in a users Google Drive. I need to find when any of the files\/folders in that specific folder have changed. The actual syncing process is easy, but I don't want to do a full sync every few seconds.\nI am condisering one of these methods:\n1) Moniter the changes feed and look for any file changes\nThis method is easy but it will  cause a sync if ANY file in the drive changes.\n2) Frequently request all files in the whole drive eg. service.files().list().execute() and look for changes within the specific tree. This is a brute force approach. It will be too slow if the user has 1000's of files in their drive.\n3) Start at the specific folder, and move down the folder tree looking for changes.\nThis method will be fast if there are only a few directories in the specific tree, but it will still lead to numerous API requests.\nAre there any better ways to find whether a specific folder and its contents have changed?\nAre there any optimisations I could apply to method 1,2 or 3.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":547,"Q_Id":14511669,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As you have correctly stated, you will need to keep (or work out) the file hierarchy for a changed file to know whether a file has changed within a folder tree.\nThere is no way of knowing directly from the changes feed whether a deeply nested file within a folder has been changed. Sorry.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,google-drive-api","A_Id":14556472,"CreationDate":"2013-01-24T22:06:00.000","Title":"How can I find if the contents in a Google Drive folder have changed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently working on an app that syncs one specific folder in a users Google Drive. I need to find when any of the files\/folders in that specific folder have changed. The actual syncing process is easy, but I don't want to do a full sync every few seconds.\nI am condisering one of these methods:\n1) Moniter the changes feed and look for any file changes\nThis method is easy but it will  cause a sync if ANY file in the drive changes.\n2) Frequently request all files in the whole drive eg. service.files().list().execute() and look for changes within the specific tree. This is a brute force approach. It will be too slow if the user has 1000's of files in their drive.\n3) Start at the specific folder, and move down the folder tree looking for changes.\nThis method will be fast if there are only a few directories in the specific tree, but it will still lead to numerous API requests.\nAre there any better ways to find whether a specific folder and its contents have changed?\nAre there any optimisations I could apply to method 1,2 or 3.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":547,"Q_Id":14511669,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are a couple of tricks that might help.\nFirstly, if your app is using drive.file scope, then it will only see its own files. Depending on your specific situation, this may equate to your folder hierarchy.\nSecondly, files can have multiple parents. So when creating a file in folder-top\/folder-1\/folder-1a\/folder-1ai. you could declare both folder-1ai and folder-top as parents. Then you simply need to check for folder-top.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,google-drive-api","A_Id":20685131,"CreationDate":"2013-01-24T22:06:00.000","Title":"How can I find if the contents in a Google Drive folder have changed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can't import socket module into my program. When I import it said, \"AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute \"AF_INET'.\nI think there is a problem with my python virtual machine.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":117,"Q_Id":14545128,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Rule of thumb in users' created python modules, never give your modules the same python's standard modules names; instant conflict will occur.\neg. If you name your socket app \"socket.py\", and started your application, similar problem to what you showed will appear.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7","A_Id":14545808,"CreationDate":"2013-01-27T06:49:00.000","Title":"Issue with socket module?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When doing a scrape of a site, which would be preferable: using curl, or using Python's requests library?\nI originally planned to use requests and explicitly specify a user agent. However, when I use this I often get an \"HTTP 429 too many requests\" error, whereas with curl, it seems to avoid that.\nI need to update metadata information on 10,000 titles, and I need a way to pull down the information for each of the titles in a parallelized fashion.\nWhat are the pros and cons of using each for pulling down information?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2673,"Q_Id":14552088,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Since you want to parallelize the requests, you should use requests with grequests (if you're using gevent, or erequests if you're using eventlet). You may have to throttle how quickly you hit the website though since they may do some ratelimiting and be refusing you for requesting too much in too short a period of time.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,curl,python-requests","A_Id":14552426,"CreationDate":"2013-01-27T20:47:00.000","Title":"Using curl vs Python requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When doing a scrape of a site, which would be preferable: using curl, or using Python's requests library?\nI originally planned to use requests and explicitly specify a user agent. However, when I use this I often get an \"HTTP 429 too many requests\" error, whereas with curl, it seems to avoid that.\nI need to update metadata information on 10,000 titles, and I need a way to pull down the information for each of the titles in a parallelized fashion.\nWhat are the pros and cons of using each for pulling down information?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2673,"Q_Id":14552088,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'd go for the in-language version over an external program any day, because it's less hassle.\nOnly if it turns out unworkable would I fall back to this. Always consider that people's time is infinitely more valuable than machine time. Any \"performance gains\" in such an application will probably be swamped by network delays anyway.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,curl,python-requests","A_Id":14552220,"CreationDate":"2013-01-27T20:47:00.000","Title":"Using curl vs Python requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When doing a scrape of a site, which would be preferable: using curl, or using Python's requests library?\nI originally planned to use requests and explicitly specify a user agent. However, when I use this I often get an \"HTTP 429 too many requests\" error, whereas with curl, it seems to avoid that.\nI need to update metadata information on 10,000 titles, and I need a way to pull down the information for each of the titles in a parallelized fashion.\nWhat are the pros and cons of using each for pulling down information?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2673,"Q_Id":14552088,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Using requests would allow you to do it programmatically,   which should result in a cleaner product.\nIf you use curl, you're doing os.system calls which are slower.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,curl,python-requests","A_Id":14552201,"CreationDate":"2013-01-27T20:47:00.000","Title":"Using curl vs Python requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I'm trying to run a search query through the Twitter API in Python. I can get it to return up to 100 results using the \"count\" parameter. Unfortunately, version 1.1 doesn't seem to have the \"page\" parameter that was present in 1.0. Is there some sort of alternative for 1.1? Or, if not, does anyone have any suggestions for alternative ways to get a decent amount of tweets returned for a subject.\nThanks.\nUpdate with solution:\nThanks to the Ersin below.\nI queried as a normally would for a page, and when it's return I would check for the id of the oldest tweet. I'd then use this as the max_id in the next URL.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":297,"Q_Id":14592874,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think you should use \"since_id\" parameter in your url. since_id provides u getting pages that older than since_id. So, for the next page you should set the since_id parameter as the last id of your current page.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":14593070,"CreationDate":"2013-01-29T21:44:00.000","Title":"Returning more than one page in Python Twitter search","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm running some fairly simple tests using browsermob and selenium to open firefox browsers and navigate through a random pages. Each firefox instance is supposed to be independent and none of them share any cookies or cache. On my mac osx machine, this works quite nicely. The browsers open, navigate through a bunch of pages and then close.\nOn my windows machine, however, even after the firefox browser closes, the tmp** folders remain and, after leavin the test going on for a while, they begin to take up a lot of space. I was under the impression that each newly spawned browser would have its own profile, which it clearly does, but that it would delete the profile it made when the browser closes.\nIs there an explicit selenium command I'm missing to enforce this behaviour?\nAdditionally, I've noticed that some of the tmp folders are showing up in AppData\/Local\/Temp\/2 and that many others are showing up in the folder where I started running the script...","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3222,"Q_Id":14612294,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"On your mac, have you looked in \/var\/folders\/? You might find a bunch of anonymous*webdriver-profile folders a few levels down. (mine appear in \/var\/folders\/sm\/jngvd6s57ldb916b7h25d57r0000dn\/T\/)\nAlso, are you using driver.close() or driver.quit()? I thought driver.quit() cleans up the temp folder, but I could be wrong.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium","A_Id":14612967,"CreationDate":"2013-01-30T19:41:00.000","Title":"Selenium not deleting profiles on browser close","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"my apologies if this is a trivial question.\nI've recently begun doing some android programming and I'm writing a simple app that allows you to use your android device as a controller for your windows PC. Specifically it allows the user to do things like turn off the machine, make it sleep, reboot it etc etc. I'm currently using a python library called CherryPy as a server on the windows machine to execute the actual win32api calls to perform the desired function. What i'm not sure about is how to discover (dynamically) which machine on the network is actually hosting the server. Everything is working fine if I hardcode my machines public IP into the android app, but obviously that is far less than ideal. I've considered having the user manually enter their machines public IP in the app, but if there's a way to, say, broadcast a quick message to all machines on the WiFi and check for a pre-canned response that my Python server would send out, that'd be wonderful. Is that possible?\nThanks in advance guys.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1597,"Q_Id":14635036,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Try sending a UDP packet to the special broadcast address 255.255.255.255. Every device in the network should receive a copy of that packet (barring firewalls), and you can arrange to have the server reply to the packet with its identity.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"java,android,python","A_Id":14635099,"CreationDate":"2013-01-31T20:59:00.000","Title":"Broadcast a message to all available machines on WiFi","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We test an application developed in house using a python test suite which accomplishes web navigations\/interactions through Selenium WebDriver.  A tricky part of our web testing is in dealing with a series of pdf reports in the app.  We are testing a planned upgrade of Firefox from v3.6 to v16.0.1, and it turns out that the way we captured reports before no longer works, because of changes in the directory structure of firefox's temp folder.  I didn't write the original pdf capturing code, but I will refactor it for whatever we end up using with v16.0.1, so I was wondering if there' s a better way to save a pdf using Python's selenium webdriver bindings than what we're currently doing.\nPreviously, for Firefox v3.6, after clicking a link that generates a report, we would scan the \"C:\\Documents and Settings\\\\Local Settings\\Temp\\plugtmp\" directory for a pdf file (with a specific name convention) to be generated.  To be clear, we're not saving the report from the webpage itself, we're just using the one generated in firefox's Temp folder.\nIn Firefox 16.0.1, after clicking a link that generates a report, the file is generated in \"C:\\Documents and Settings\\ \\Local Settings\\Temp\\tmp*\\cache*\", with a random file name, not ending in \".pdf\".  This makes capturing this file somewhat more difficult, if using a technique similar to our previous one - each browser has a different tmp*** folder, which has a cache full of folders, inside of which the report is generated with a random file name.\nThe easiest solution I can see would be to directly save the pdf, but I haven't found a way to do that yet.\nTo use the same approach as we used in FF3.6 (finding the pdf in the Temp folder directory), I'm thinking we'll need to do the following:\n\nFigure out which tmp*** folder belongs to this particular browser instance (which we can do be inspecting the tmp*** folders that exist before and after the browser is instantiated)\nLook inside that browser's cache for a file generated immedaitely after the pdf report was generated (which we can by comparing timestamps)\nIn cases where multiple files are generated in the cache, we could possibly sort based on size, and take the largest file, since the pdf will almost certainly be the largest temp file (although this seems flaky and will need to be tested in practice).\n\nI'm not feeling great about this approach, and was wondering if there's a better way to capture pdf files.  Can anyone suggest a better approach?\nNote: the actual scraping of the PDF file is still working fine.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1728,"Q_Id":14651973,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"We ultimately accomplished this by clearing firefox's temporary internet files before the test, then looking for the most recently created file after the report was generated.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,pdf,selenium,webdriver,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":14760698,"CreationDate":"2013-02-01T17:40:00.000","Title":"Capturing PDF files using Python Selenium Webdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"While processing html using Beautifulsoup, the < and > were converted to &lt;and &gt;, since the tag anchor were all converted, the whole soup lost its structure, any suggestion?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8456,"Q_Id":14669283,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It can be due to an invalid character (due to charset encoding\/decoding), therefor BeautifulSoup has issues to parse the input.\nI solve it by passing my string directly to BeautifulSoup without doing any encoding\/decoding.\nIn my case, I was trying to convert UTF-16 to UTF-8 myself.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,html,parsing,beautifulsoup","A_Id":55544880,"CreationDate":"2013-02-03T03:42:00.000","Title":"< > changed to < and > while parsing html with beautifulsoup in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My Flask applications has to do quite a large calculation to fetch a certain page. While Flask is doing that function, another user cannot access the website, because Flask is busy with the large calculation.\nIs there any way that I can make my Flask application accept requests from multiple users?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":72055,"Q_Id":14672753,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"For requests that take a long time, you might want to consider starting a background job for them.","Q_Score":65,"Tags":"python,flask","A_Id":14673087,"CreationDate":"2013-02-03T13:02:00.000","Title":"Handling multiple requests in Flask","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I have a webpage that has some javascript that gets executed when a link is clicked. This javascript opens a new window and calls some other javascript which requests an xml document which it then parses for a url to pass to a video player. How can I get that xml response using selenium?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":149,"Q_Id":14711161,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Short answer, unless the xml is posted to the page, you can't.  Long answer, you can use Selenium to do JS injection on the page so that the xml document is replicated to some hidden page element you can expect, or stored to a file locally that you can open.  This is, of course, assuming that the xml document is actually retrieved client side; if this is all serverside, you'll need to integrate with the backend or emulate the call yourself.  Oh, and one last option to explore would be to proxy the browser Selenium is driving, then inspect the traffic for the response containing the xml.  Though more complicated, that actually could be argued to be the best solution, since you aren't modifying the system under test to test it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":14711223,"CreationDate":"2013-02-05T15:36:00.000","Title":"Handling responses with Python bindings for Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We run a bunch of Python test scripts on a group of test stations.  The test scripts interface with hardware units on these test stations, so we're stuck running one test script at a time per station (we can't virtualize everything).  We built a tool to assign tests to different stations and report test results - this allows us to queue up thousands of tests and let these run overnight, or for any length of time.\nOccasionally, what we've found is that test stations will drop out of the cluster.  When I remotely log into them, I get a black screen, then they reboot, then upon logging in I'm notified that windows XP had a \"serious error\".  The Event Log contains a record of this error, which states Category: (102) and Event ID: 1003.\nPreviously, we found that this was caused by the creation of hundreds of temporary Firefox profiles - our tests use selenium webdriver to automate website interactions, and each time we started a new browser, a temporary Firefox profile was created.  We added a step in the cleanup between each test that empties these temporary Firefox profiles, but we're still finding that stations drop out sometime, and always with this serious error and record in the Event Log.\nI would like to find the root cause of this problem, but I don't know how to go about doing this.  I've tried searching for information about how to read event log entries, but I haven't turned up anything that helps.  I'm open to any suggestions for ways to go about debugging this issue.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":855,"Q_Id":14760751,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've experienced similar problems before with Firefox. The rare times that we managed to catch a machine in the act it was just not closing browser sessions. Hence the BSOD eventually. Obviously this was a bug in either webdriver, firefox, or XP (which we were also using). We solved it by aggressively killing every firefox process between each individual test. This worked for us. And because you are not running tests in parallel it would work for you as well. By agressively I mean putting an axe through it. The windows equivalent of killall -9 firefox. Because these sessions were unresponsive. \nAs to the root cause? The problem did not occur with specific versions of Firefox. But we never actually managed to debug it properly. Debugging was very difficult because it wasn't reproducible under short test runs and once the issue arose it really did cause a hard crash.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":21198235,"CreationDate":"2013-02-07T20:50:00.000","Title":"Python selenium webdriver tests causing \"serious error\" when run in large batches on windows XP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am very new to AWS SQS queues and I am currently playing around with boto. I noticed that when I try to read a queue filled with messages in a while loop, I see that after 10-25 messages are read, the queue does not return any message (even though the queue has more than 1000+ messages). It starts populating another set of 10-25 messages after a few seconds or on stopping and restarting the the program. \nwhile true:\n   read_queue() \/\/ connection is already established with the desired queue.\nAny thoughts on this behaviour or point me in the right direction. Just reiterating I am just couple of days old to SQS !! \nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1560,"Q_Id":14776751,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Long polling is more efficient because it allows you to leave the HTTP connection open for a period of time while you wait for more results.  However, you can still do your own polling in boto by just setting up a loop and waiting for some period of time between reading the queue.  You can still get good overall throughput with this polling strategy.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto,amazon-sqs","A_Id":14778171,"CreationDate":"2013-02-08T16:11:00.000","Title":"Reading data consecutively in a AWS SQS queue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am making a download manager. And I want to make the download manager check the md5 hash of an url after downloading the file. The hash is found on the page. It needs to compute the md5 of the file ( this is done), search for a match on the html page and then compare the WHOLE contents of the html page for a match.\nmy question is how do i make python return the whole contents of the html and find a match for my \"md5 string\"?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":168,"Q_Id":14815856,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"import urllib and use urllib.urlopen for getting the contents of an html. import re to search for the hash code using regex. You could also use find method on the string instead of regex.\nIf you encounter problems, then you can ask more specific questions. Your question is too general.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,compare,match","A_Id":14815973,"CreationDate":"2013-02-11T15:59:00.000","Title":"Matching contents of an html file with keyword python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a list of user:friends (50,000) and a list of event attendees (25,000 events and list of attendees for each event). I want to find top k friends with whom the user goes to the event. This needs to be done for each user. \nI tried traversing lists but is computationally very expensive. I am also trying to do it by creating weighted graph.(Python)\nLet me know if there is any other approach.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":177,"Q_Id":14826245,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'd give you a code sample if I better understood what your current data structures look like, but this sounds like a job for a pandas dataframe groupby (in case you don't feel like actually using a database as others have suggested).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,data-structures","A_Id":14827656,"CreationDate":"2013-02-12T05:48:00.000","Title":"Search in Large data set","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a list of user:friends (50,000) and a list of event attendees (25,000 events and list of attendees for each event). I want to find top k friends with whom the user goes to the event. This needs to be done for each user. \nI tried traversing lists but is computationally very expensive. I am also trying to do it by creating weighted graph.(Python)\nLet me know if there is any other approach.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":177,"Q_Id":14826245,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Can you do something like this.\nIm assuming friends of a user is relatively less, and the events attended by a particular user is also much lesser than total number of events.\nSo have a boolean vector of attended events for each friend of the user.\nDoing a dot product and those that have max will be the friend who most likely resembles the user.\nAgain,.before you do this..you will have to filter some events to keep the size of your vectors manageable.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,data-structures","A_Id":14826472,"CreationDate":"2013-02-12T05:48:00.000","Title":"Search in Large data set","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"url = \"www.someurl.com\"\n\nrequest = urllib2.Request(url,header={\"User-agent\" : \"Mozilla\/5.0\"})\n\ncontentString = urllib2.url(request).read()\n\ncontentFile = StringIO.StringIO(contentString)\n\nfor i in range(0,2):\n    html = contentFile.readline()\n\nprint html\n\nThe above code runs fine from commandline but if i add it to a cron job it throws the following error:\n  File \"\/usr\/lib64\/python2.6\/urllib2.py\", line 409, in _open\n    '_open', req)\n  File \"\/usr\/lib64\/python2.6\/urllib2.py\", line 369, in _call_chain\n    result = func(*args)\n  File \"\/usr\/lib64\/python2.6\/urllib2.py\", line 1186, in http_open\n    return self.do_open(httplib.HTTPConnection, req)\n  File \"\/usr\/lib64\/python2.6\/urllib2.py\", line 1161, in do_open\n    raise URLError(err)\nurllib2.URLError: \n\nI did look at some tips on the other forums and tried it but it has been of no use.\nAny help will be much appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":603,"Q_Id":14827296,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The environment variables that were used by crontab and from the command line were different.\nI fixed this by adding *\/15 * * * * . $HOME\/.profile; \/path\/to\/command. \nThis made the crontab to pick up enivronment variables that were specified for the system.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,urllib2,python-2.6","A_Id":14847414,"CreationDate":"2013-02-12T07:10:00.000","Title":"Urllib2 runs fine if i run the program independently but throws error when i add it to a cronjob","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Use Amazon SWF to communicate messages between servers?\n\nOn server A I want to run a script A \nWhen that is finished I want to send a message to server B to run a script B \nIf it completes successfully I want it to clear the job from the workflow queue\n\nI\u2019m having a really hard time working out how I can use Boto and SWF in combination to do this. I am not after some complete code but what I am after is if anyone can explain a little more about what is involved. \n\nHow do I actually tell server B to check for the completion of script\nA? \nHow do I make sure server A wont pick up the completion of script\nA and try and run script B (since server B should run this)? \nHow do I actually notify SWF of script A completion? Is thee a flag, or a\nmessage, or what?\n\nI\u2019m pretty confused about all of this. What design should I use?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3687,"Q_Id":14829562,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use SNS,\n  When script A is completed it should trigger SNS, and that will trigger a notification to Server B","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,linux,amazon-web-services,boto,amazon-swf","A_Id":14829925,"CreationDate":"2013-02-12T09:44:00.000","Title":"Using Amazon SWF To communicate between servers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Use Amazon SWF to communicate messages between servers?\n\nOn server A I want to run a script A \nWhen that is finished I want to send a message to server B to run a script B \nIf it completes successfully I want it to clear the job from the workflow queue\n\nI\u2019m having a really hard time working out how I can use Boto and SWF in combination to do this. I am not after some complete code but what I am after is if anyone can explain a little more about what is involved. \n\nHow do I actually tell server B to check for the completion of script\nA? \nHow do I make sure server A wont pick up the completion of script\nA and try and run script B (since server B should run this)? \nHow do I actually notify SWF of script A completion? Is thee a flag, or a\nmessage, or what?\n\nI\u2019m pretty confused about all of this. What design should I use?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2449186624,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3687,"Q_Id":14829562,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"I don't have any example code to share, but you can definitely use SWF to coordinate the execution of scripts across two servers.  The main idea with this is to create three pieces of code that talk to SWF:\n\nA component that knows which script to execute first and what to do once that first script is done executing.  This is called the \"decider\" in SWF terms.\nTwo components that each understand how to execute the specific script you want to run on each machine.  These are called \"activity workers\" in SWF terms.\n\nThe first component, the decider, calls two SWF APIs: PollForDecisionTask and RespondDecisionTaskCompleted.  The poll request will give the decider component the current history of an executing workflow, basically the \"where am i\" state information for your script runner.  You write code that looks at these events and figure out which script should execute.  These \"commands\" to execute a script would be in the form of a scheduling of an activity task, which is returned as part of the call to RespondDecisionTaskCompleted.\nThe second components you write, the activity workers, each call two SWF APIs: PollForActivityTask and RespondActivityTaskCompleted.  The poll request will give the activity worker an indication that it should execute the script it knows about, what SWF calls an activity task.  The information returned from the poll request to SWF can include single execution-specific data that was sent to SWF as part of the scheduling of the activity task.  Each of your servers would be independently polling SWF for activity tasks to indicate the execution of the local script on that host.  Once the worker is done executing the script, it calls back to SWF through the RespondActivityTaskCompleted API.\nThe callback from your activity worker to SWF results in a new history being handed out to the decider component that I already mentioned.  It will look at the history, see that the first script is done, and schedule the second one to execute.  Once it sees that the second one is done, it can \"close\" the workflow using another type of decision.\nYou kick off the whole process of executing the scripts on each host by calling the StartWorkflowExecution API.  This creates the record of the overall process in SWF and kicks out the first history to the decider process to schedule the execution of the first script on the first host.\nHopefully this gives a bit more context on how to accomplish this type of workflow using SWF.  If you haven't already, I would take a look at the dev guide on the SWF page for additional info.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,linux,amazon-web-services,boto,amazon-swf","A_Id":14881688,"CreationDate":"2013-02-12T09:44:00.000","Title":"Using Amazon SWF To communicate between servers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I installed paramiko in my Ubuntu box \"sudo apt-get install python-paramkio\". \nBut when import the paramiko module i am getting error.\nImportError:No Module named paramiko\nWhen i list the python modules using help('modules'). i couldn't find paramiko listed.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4876,"Q_Id":14830722,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To use python libraries, you must have development version of python like python2.6-dev, which can be installed using sudo apt-get install python2.6-dev.\nThen you may install any additional development libraries that you want in your code to run.\nWhatever you install using sudo apt-get install python-paramkio or python setup.py install will then be available to you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ubuntu,import,paramiko","A_Id":14832457,"CreationDate":"2013-02-12T10:47:00.000","Title":"paramiko installation \" Unable to import ImportError\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know, using Python, a webpage can be visited. But is it also possible to visit a webpage with a new IP address each time?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9857,"Q_Id":14837339,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Do an online search for a listing of \"Proxy services\" from the internet.  You can then loop through them as proxies in Python.  There are companies that maintain open proxy networks , and across multiple continents , to help people get past GEO-IP restrictions.  \nYou can also configure different servers you control on the internet to act as remote proxies for your needs.\nDon't use TOR\u00a0for this project, which has legitimate uses and needs... and has bad bandwidth already.  There are rarely any legitimate uses for doing stuff like this.  \nThere are also shady publishers of \"Open Proxy\" lists - basically a daily updated list of wrongly configured apache instances that can reroute requests.  Those are often used by people trying to increase ad impressions \/ pagecounts or fake online voting contests.  ( which are the two main things people want to do with open proxies and repeated 'new' visits )","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ip-address,urllib","A_Id":14837808,"CreationDate":"2013-02-12T16:38:00.000","Title":"Can I visit a webpage many times with a new IP address each time using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So for my application, I'm using \nurllib.getproxies() to detect proxy settings.\nThe function runs well when I call it from a python shell.\nBut when my application runs as a service (and only when it runs as a service),\nurllib.getproxies() returns me an empty dictionary.\nI'm using windows 2008 R2 and python 2.7.\nDo you guys have any idea where it could come from ?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":813,"Q_Id":14862706,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So the answer is that on windows proxy system settings are stored in the registry under\nHKEY_CURRENT_USER\nSo as the service runs under a special user it can't find it in its HKEY_CURRENT_USER.\nThe solutions:\n1. Run the service under another user.\n2. Read the proper user registry","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,windows,service,proxy,urllib","A_Id":14879550,"CreationDate":"2013-02-13T20:41:00.000","Title":"Python urllib.getproxies() on windows doesn't work when run as a service","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am toying around with BeautifulSoup and I like it so far. \nThe problem is the site I am trying to scrap has a lazyloader... And it only scraps one part of the site. \nCan I have a hint as to how to proceed? Must I look at how the lazyloader is implemented and parametrize anything else?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1587,"Q_Id":14868003,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It turns out that the problem itself wasn't BeautifulSoup, but the dynamics of the page itself. For this specific scenario that is. \nThe page returns part of the page, so headers need to be analysed and sent to the server accordingly. This isn't a BeautifulSoup problem itself. \nTherefore, it is important to take a look at how the data is loaded on a specific site. It's not always a \"Load a whole page, process the whole page\" paradigm. In some cases, you need to load part of the page and send a specific parameter to the server in order to keep loading the rest of the page.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,lazy-loading,beautifulsoup","A_Id":16251642,"CreationDate":"2013-02-14T04:49:00.000","Title":"Crawling a page using LazyLoader with Python BeautifulSoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to check if a user disconnects from my site, how would I go about doing this?\nI am doing this in order to check if a user is \"online\" or not.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1304,"Q_Id":14886400,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Basically you can't tell that the user has left your site on the server-side. The common way to do what you want to achieve is to use a time limit after the last known request as a cutoff between the online\/offline states. \nTo make this more accurate you can have a script on the client-side that does regular AJAX polling, if you must consider that a user is online long after their last request while your site is still open in a tab. If you must check that the user has the tab active, make that request conditional on recent mouse or keyboard events.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,flask","A_Id":14915333,"CreationDate":"2013-02-15T00:13:00.000","Title":"Checking if a user disconnects using Flask","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Working on a python scraper\/spider and encountered a URL that exceeds the char limit with the titled IOError. Using httplib2 and when I attempt to retrieve the URL I receive a file name too long error. I prefer to have all of my projects within the home directory since I am using Dropbox. Anyway around this issue or should I just setup my working directory outside of home?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5706,"Q_Id":14886640,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"As you apparently have passed '.cache' to the httplib.Http constructor, you should change this to something more appropriate or disable the cache.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,ubuntu-12.04","A_Id":14886804,"CreationDate":"2013-02-15T00:39:00.000","Title":"Ubuntu encrypted home directory | Errno 36 File Name too long","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Kindly help me in configuring the socketio in my django module. Am using windows7 OS\nFile wsgi.py\nSample Code - from socketio import SocketIOServer\nError - Unresolved import:SocketIOServer \nAm new to python and Django Frameworks.!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":475,"Q_Id":14888428,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think what you want is from socketio.server import SocketIOServer","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"django,python-2.7,socket.io,gevent,gevent-socketio","A_Id":14888521,"CreationDate":"2013-02-15T04:49:00.000","Title":"socketio in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Kindly help me in configuring the socketio in my django module. Am using windows7 OS\nFile wsgi.py\nSample Code - from socketio import SocketIOServer\nError - Unresolved import:SocketIOServer \nAm new to python and Django Frameworks.!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":475,"Q_Id":14888428,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Try this:\n\npip install socketIO-server","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"django,python-2.7,socket.io,gevent,gevent-socketio","A_Id":53155835,"CreationDate":"2013-02-15T04:49:00.000","Title":"socketio in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am having a hard time installing lxml(3.1.0) on python-3.3.0. It installs without errors and I can see the lxml-3.1.0-py3.3-linux-i686.egg in the correct folder (\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.3\/site-packages\/), but when I try to import etree, I get this:\n\n\n\nfrom lxml import etree\n      Traceback (most recent call last):\n        File \"\", line 1, in \n      ImportError: \/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.3\/site-packages\/lxml-3.1.0-py3.3-linux-i686.egg\/lxml\/etree.cpython-33m.so: undefined symbol: xmlBufContent\n\n\n\nI did try to install with apt-get, I tried \"python3 setup.py install\" and I did via easy_install. I have to mention that I have 3 versions installed (2.7, 3.2.3 and 3.3.0.), but I am too much of a beginner to tell if this has to do with it.\nI did search all over, but I could not find any solution to this. \nAny help is greatly appreciated!\nbest,\nUhru","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2277,"Q_Id":14910250,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You should probably mention the specific operating system you're trying to install on, but I'll assume it's some form of Linux, perhaps Ubuntu or Debian since you mention apt-get.\nThe error message you mention is typical on lxml when the libxml2 and\/or libxslt libraries are not installed for it to link with. For whatever reason, the install procedure does not detect when these are not present and can give the sense the install has succeeded even though those dependencies are not satisfied.\nIf you issue apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt libxslt-dev that should eliminate this error.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"lxml,importerror,python-3.3","A_Id":14927230,"CreationDate":"2013-02-16T12:23:00.000","Title":"lxml on python-3.3.0 ImportError: undefined symbol: xmlBufContent","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to create a list of dicts with two data items.\nThe page I'm looking at has 37 matches for \/\/div[@id='content']\/*[self::p or self::h2]\/a[2]; however, it only has 33 matches for \n\/\/div[@id='content']\/*[self::p or self::h2]\/a[contains(@href,'game')]\/img[@src]\nThe two xpaths have \/\/div[@id='content']\/*[self::p or self::h2] in common. I effectively only want to get the element matched for the first xpath if the second xpath is matched, and leave the 4 without the second element behind. \nI'm hoping that this can be accomplished with xpath but if not, could use some advice on writing a function that achieves this in python.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":153,"Q_Id":14944900,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could do the matching in XPath, and then simply take the resulting nodes parent in Python.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xpath","A_Id":14946219,"CreationDate":"2013-02-18T20:39:00.000","Title":"conditional xpath? need xpath if more specific xpath is matched","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I can see messages have a sent time when I view them in the SQS message view in the AWS console. How can I read this data using Python's boto library?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4489,"Q_Id":14945604,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"When you read a message from a queue in boto, you get a Message object.  This object has at attribute called attributes.  It is a dictionary of attributes that SQS keeps about this message.  It includes SentTimestamp.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto,amazon-sqs","A_Id":14967271,"CreationDate":"2013-02-18T21:29:00.000","Title":"SQS: How can I read the sent time of an SQS message using Python's boto library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an Amazon Ubuntu instance which I stop and start (not terminate). I was wondering if it is possible to run a script on start and stop of the server. Specifically, I am looking at writting a python boto script to take my RDS volume offline when the EC2 server is not running.\nCan anyone tell me if this is possible please?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1561,"Q_Id":14962414,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It is possible. You just have to write an init script and setup proper symbolic links in \/etc\/rc#.d directories. It will be started with a parameter start or stop depending on if machine is starting up or shutting down.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,amazon-rds","A_Id":14966165,"CreationDate":"2013-02-19T16:26:00.000","Title":"Running a script on EC2 start and stop","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to run more than one python script at the same time?   I try to start a second instance of IDLE, however I get an error message: \n\n\"Socket Error:  No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it.\"    and then  \"IDLEs subprocess didn't make a connection....\"\n\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":623,"Q_Id":14997729,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I have ended up running python scripts in a CMD shell, while editing others in IDLE.   There's probably a better way, but this works.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,arcgis,python-idle","A_Id":16342517,"CreationDate":"2013-02-21T00:31:00.000","Title":"Multiple python sessions with IDLE","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I m using Google Sites API in my python code deployed over Google App Engine.\nI have came across a problem: Google Sites API allows to create a site, add users to site(access permission),etc.., however we get status:200 form the API that site is being created and same for adding users to the Google Site, but when i go to sites.google.com to access that site it still says 'Creating your site'\nI can see a site locked in wait state for almost a week. We don't have any specific steps to reproduce it, this has random appearances.\nPlease suggest what is the correct solution or if there is no perfect solution than suggest a workaround for the same.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":103,"Q_Id":15004797,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you can try to reach Google API's developers to tell them about this bug, they might not be aware of it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,google-sites","A_Id":15004843,"CreationDate":"2013-02-21T14:30:00.000","Title":"Even though the Google Sites API creates a site, we cannot still access the site","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"when user logs in to his desktop windows os authenticates him against Active Directory Server.\nso Whenever he accesses a web page  he should not be thrown a login page for entering his userid or password.Instead, his userid and domain  need to be captured from his desktop and passed to the web server.(let him enter password after that)\nIs this possible in python to get username and domain of of client?\nwin32api.GetUserName() gives the username of the server side.\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2471,"Q_Id":15024894,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What you want to do is called Single sign on (SSO) and it's much easier to implement on actual web server than Django.\nSo, you should check how to do SSO on Apache\/Nginx\/whateverYouAreUsing, then the web server will forward the authenticated username to your django app.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"django,python-2.7","A_Id":32207711,"CreationDate":"2013-02-22T13:01:00.000","Title":"how to get username and domain of windows logged in client using python code?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"is there a way to check if a chat is a group chat? Or at least to find out how many users there are in a group.\nLike by checking for the user number, if it is 2, then it is obviously 1-1 (Single), but if it as anything else, it would be a group chat.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1405,"Q_Id":15049661,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The Type property of the chat object will be either chatTypeDialog or chatTypeMultiChat with the latter being a group chat. You can safely ignore the other legacy enumeration values.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,skype,skype4py","A_Id":15052112,"CreationDate":"2013-02-24T07:33:00.000","Title":"Skype4Py Check If Group Chat","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know how to grab a sources HTML but not PHP is it possible with the built in functions?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":128,"Q_Id":15057651,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"PHP scripts are run server-side and produce a HTML document (among other things). You will never see the PHP source of a HTML document when requesting a website, hence there is no way for Python to grab it either. This isn't even Python-related.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.3","A_Id":15057740,"CreationDate":"2013-02-24T22:52:00.000","Title":"Python grabbing pages source with PHP in it","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How do I get the play length of an ogg file without downloading the whole file? I know this is possible because both the HTML5  tag and VLC can show the entire play length immediately after loading the URL, without downloading the entire file.\nIs there a header or something I can read. Maybe even the bitrate, which I can divide by the file size to get an approximate play length?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1333,"Q_Id":15059902,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is just not possible without download the data itself. You could specify the related information as part of the S3 metadata of the related key. So could write to introspect the metadata before actually downloading the data.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,ogg","A_Id":15060046,"CreationDate":"2013-02-25T04:04:00.000","Title":"Getting the length of a ogg track from s3 without downloading the whole file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using Redis with our Python WSGI application, we are noticing that at certain intervals, Redis stops responding to requests.  After some time, however, we are able to fetch the values stored in it again.\nAfter seeing this situation and checking the status of the Redis service, it is still online.\nIf it is of any help, we are using the redis Python package and using StrictRedis as a connection class, with a default ConnectionPool.  Any ideas on this will be greatly appreciated.  If there is more information which will help better diagnose the problem, let me know and I'll update ASAP.\nThanks very much!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":122,"Q_Id":15081502,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"More data about your redis setup and the size of the data set would be useful. That said I would venture to guess your Eedis server is configured to persist data to disk (the default). If so you could be seeing your Redis node getting a bit overwhelmed whenit forks off a copy of itself to save the data set to disk.\nIf this is the case and you do need to persist to disk then I would recommend a second instance be stood up and configured to be a shave to the first one and persist to disk. The master you would then configure to not persist to disk. In this configuration you should see the writable node be fully responsive at all times.  You could even go so far as to setup a Non-persisting slave for read-only access. \nBut without more details on your configuration, resources, and usage it is merely an educated guess.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,rest,web-applications,redis","A_Id":15084434,"CreationDate":"2013-02-26T04:43:00.000","Title":"Redis server responding intermittently to Python client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a small python program to help my colleagues to analyse some tsv data. The data is not big, usually below 20MB. I developed the GUI with PyQT. I want to change this desktop program to a web app so my colleagues don't have to upgrade the program every time I change it or fix a bug. They can just go to a website and use Chrome as the GUI. \nSo how do I do this? I spend most of my time developing desktop program and just know some basic web developing knowledges. I have read some framework such as flask and web2py, and know how to use HTML and Javascript to make buttons but no clue to achieve my purpose. \nCan someone give me a practical way to do this?\nIt'd be better if the user don't have to upload the local data to the server. Maybe just download the python code from server then execute in Chrome. Is this possible? \nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":15101770,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The whole point of a web application is that the GUI is written in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, not Python. However, it talks to a web service, which can be written in Python.\nFor a well-written desktop app, the transition should be pretty easy. If you've already got a clean separation between the GUI part and the engine part of your code, the engine part will only need minor changes (and maybe stick it behind, e.g., a WSGI server). You will have to rewrite the GUI part for the web, but in a complex app, that should be the easy part.\nHowever, many desktop GUI apps don't have such a clean separation. For example, if you have button handlers that directly do stuff to your model, there's really no way to make that work without duplicating the model on both sides (the Python web service and the JS client app) and synchronizing the two, which is a lot of work and leads to a bad experience. In that case, you have to decide between rewriting most of your app from scratch, or refactoring it to the point where you can web-service-ify it.\nIf you do choose to go the refactoring route, I'd consider adding a second local interface (maybe using the cmd module to build a CLI, or tkinter for an alternate GUI), because that's much easier to do. Once the same backend code can support your PyQt GUI and your cmd GUI, adding a web interface is much easier.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,google-chrome,web-applications,tsv","A_Id":15101984,"CreationDate":"2013-02-26T23:55:00.000","Title":"How to setup a web app which can handle local data without uploading the data? Use python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a small python program to help my colleagues to analyse some tsv data. The data is not big, usually below 20MB. I developed the GUI with PyQT. I want to change this desktop program to a web app so my colleagues don't have to upgrade the program every time I change it or fix a bug. They can just go to a website and use Chrome as the GUI. \nSo how do I do this? I spend most of my time developing desktop program and just know some basic web developing knowledges. I have read some framework such as flask and web2py, and know how to use HTML and Javascript to make buttons but no clue to achieve my purpose. \nCan someone give me a practical way to do this?\nIt'd be better if the user don't have to upload the local data to the server. Maybe just download the python code from server then execute in Chrome. Is this possible? \nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":15101770,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, you cannot run Python code in a web browser.[1]  You'd have to port the core of your application to JavaScript to do it all locally.\nJust do the upload.  20MB isn't all that much data, and if it's stored on the server then they can all look at each others' results, too.\n\n[1] There are some tools that try to transpile Python to JavaScript: pyjs compiles directly, and Emscripten is an entire LLVM interpreter in JS that can run CPython itself.  I wouldn't really recommend relying on these.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,google-chrome,web-applications,tsv","A_Id":15101809,"CreationDate":"2013-02-26T23:55:00.000","Title":"How to setup a web app which can handle local data without uploading the data? Use python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a small python program to help my colleagues to analyse some tsv data. The data is not big, usually below 20MB. I developed the GUI with PyQT. I want to change this desktop program to a web app so my colleagues don't have to upgrade the program every time I change it or fix a bug. They can just go to a website and use Chrome as the GUI. \nSo how do I do this? I spend most of my time developing desktop program and just know some basic web developing knowledges. I have read some framework such as flask and web2py, and know how to use HTML and Javascript to make buttons but no clue to achieve my purpose. \nCan someone give me a practical way to do this?\nIt'd be better if the user don't have to upload the local data to the server. Maybe just download the python code from server then execute in Chrome. Is this possible? \nThanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":15101770,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If I get your point correctly, you want\n\nWeb connection, so your python program updated on server, client get it before using it.\nData store on local to avoid upload big file.\n\nYou can write a python program to check a server location to get your latest program if needed. You need a url \/ server file for program version \/ created date\/time information to determine if you need to update or not.\nAfter get latest python program, then start this python program to run locally.\nWith this said, What you need is to update your program to add below features:\n\nAccess your server, to get latest version information\nCheck against current version to see if you need to download latest program\nDownload latest version and use that to run locally.\n\nDoes this solve your problem?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,google-chrome,web-applications,tsv","A_Id":32979390,"CreationDate":"2013-02-26T23:55:00.000","Title":"How to setup a web app which can handle local data without uploading the data? Use python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"It seems the socket connection through paramiko (v1.10.0) is not stable. \nI have two computers. The python code is on the PC one. The connection sometime is successful and sometime is not (Same code). When the PC paramiko code fails (socket.error, 10060), I use my Mac via terminal ssh login the server and everything is fine.\nI use set_missing_host_key_policy in the code. But the Mac has the key I guess. I typed yes when login at the first time.\nIf the unstable connection is caused by the hotkey, how do I get the host key? From the server or somewhere in my local folder (win7)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3123,"Q_Id":15105183,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Try switching off Windows firewall. It's a network error, it should not be because of SSH key problems.\nError Code 10060: Connection timeout\nBackground: The gateway could not receive a timely response from the website you are trying to access. This might indicate that the network is congested, or that the website is experiencing technical difficulties.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,ssh,paramiko","A_Id":15105597,"CreationDate":"2013-02-27T05:56:00.000","Title":"python paramiko module socket.error, errno 10060","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web server which I want to send data to the client when the server detects a change in the data base. I want the client to receive the data without polling.\nWhat is the best way to achieve this?\n(I read a bit about SSE - server sent events, but not sure this is the way to go)\nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":172,"Q_Id":15128863,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If polling is not an option, you can think about the better technique, WebSockets, if your server supports it (and your target browser!).\nOne way or another, you need a connection opened by the client to the server, though.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,mysql,server-sent-events","A_Id":15128905,"CreationDate":"2013-02-28T06:24:00.000","Title":"java script server async events","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web server which I want to send data to the client when the server detects a change in the data base. I want the client to receive the data without polling.\nWhat is the best way to achieve this?\n(I read a bit about SSE - server sent events, but not sure this is the way to go)\nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":172,"Q_Id":15128863,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, Server-Sent Events is appropriate technology for listening to changes on the server.\nIf you're only listening, then SSE is better (faster, lightweight, HTTP-compatible) than a 2-way WebSocket.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,mysql,server-sent-events","A_Id":18561947,"CreationDate":"2013-02-28T06:24:00.000","Title":"java script server async events","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"An SVG file is basically an XML file so I could use the string <?xml (or the hex representation: '3c 3f 78 6d 6c') as a magic number but there are a few opposing reason not to do that if for example there are extra white-spaces it could break this check.\nThe other images I need\/expect to check are all binaries and have magic numbers. How can I fast check if the file is an SVG format without using the extension eventually using Python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5432,"Q_Id":15136264,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You could try reading the beginning of the file as binary - if you can't find any magic numbers, you read it as a text file and match to any textual patterns you wish. Or vice-versa.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,xml,svg,file-format,magic-numbers","A_Id":15136487,"CreationDate":"2013-02-28T13:03:00.000","Title":"How can I say a file is SVG without using a magic number?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to find the presence of an element by finding the length of the jquery.\nHow can we capture the length of a webelement in a variable, so that I can check the value of the variable to make decision.\nOr is there any other way to accomplish the same result. I am using python, selenium webdriver and JQuery. Thanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":467,"Q_Id":15187345,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"We can Use this Funda\nIf driver.findElements(By.id(id)).size() > 0 Then\n  Element Present;\nElse\n  Element Not Present\nSame Applies for Value.\nPlease Let me know is my Funda OK or NOT.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"jquery,python,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":22935427,"CreationDate":"2013-03-03T15:42:00.000","Title":"When using python and selenium how to find the presence of an element based on id and value","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have developed a web based application, with user login etc, and we developed a python application that have to get some data on this page.\nIs there any way to communicate python and system default browser ?\nOur main goal is to open a webpage, with system browser, and get the HTML source code from it ? We tried with python webbrowser, opened web page succesfully, but could not get source code, and tried with urllib2, in that case, i think we have to use system default browser's cookie etc, and i dont want to this, because of security.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2468,"Q_Id":15226643,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have a look at the nltk module---they have some utilities for looking at web pages and getting text. There's also BeautifulSoup, which is a bit more elaborate. I'm currently using  both to scrape web pages for a learning algorithm---they're pretty widely used modules, so that means you can find lots of hints here :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pyqt","A_Id":15227528,"CreationDate":"2013-03-05T14:43:00.000","Title":"python open web page and get source code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm going to run a small server inheriting from Python.SocketServer.TCPServer. In case the code is too slow, I could make it threaded or just expand the queue size, and it will take a bit longer to run. Are there any dangers in setting the request_queue_size to a large value (say a few thousands)?\nThe only very important thing in my programme is that I don't lose any data.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":995,"Q_Id":15268997,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Depending on your OS, the maximum value for request_queue_size will be 128 (that's the default maximum size on Linux and Mac OS X, at least). Higher values won't give an error but will just silently be limited.\nHigher values won't necessarily be a problem I think, although I would seriously consider using some form of threading (or, if appropriate, an asynchronous solution using gevent or something similar). The SocketServer module provides mixins for creating threaded or forking socket servers.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python","A_Id":15269253,"CreationDate":"2013-03-07T10:41:00.000","Title":"Is it dangerous to have a very long request_queue_size in Python.SocketServer.TCPServer?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Python 2.7 and Jenkins.\nI am writing some code in Python that will perform a checkin and wait\/poll for Jenkins job to be complete. I would like some thoughts on around how I achieve it.\n\nPython function to create a check-in in Perforce-> This can be easily done as P4 has CLI\nPython code to detect when a build got triggered -> I have the changelist and the job number. How do I poll the Jenkins API for the build log to check if it has the appropriate changelists? The output of this step is a build url which is carrying out the job\nHow do I wait till the Jenkins job is complete?\n\nCan I use snippets from the Jenkins Rest API or from Python Jenkins module?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":15591,"Q_Id":15297322,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You can query the last build timestamp to determine if the build finished. Compare it to what it was just before you triggered the build, and see when it changes. To get the timestamp, add \/lastBuild\/buildTimestamp to your job URL\nAs a matter of fact, in your Jenkins, add \/lastBuild\/api\/ to any Job, and you will see a lot of API information. It even has Python API, but I not familiar with that so can't help you further\nHowever, if you were using XML, you can add lastBuild\/api\/xml?depth=0 and inside the XML, you can see the <changeSet> object with list of revisions\/commit messages that triggered the build","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python-2.7,jenkins","A_Id":15340482,"CreationDate":"2013-03-08T15:21:00.000","Title":"Wait until a Jenkins build is complete","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I use to program on python. I have started few months before, so I am not the \"guru\" type of developer. I also know the basics of HTML and CSS.\nI see few tutorials about node.js and I really like it. I cannot create those forms, bars, buttons etc with my knowledge from html and css. \nCan I use node.js to create what user see on browser and write with python what will happen if someone push the \"submit\" button? For example redirect, sql write and read etc.\nThank you","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4502,"Q_Id":15315984,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you're thinking about this problem backwards. Node.js lets you run browser Javascript without a browser.  You won't find it useful in your Python programming.  You're better off, if you want to stick with Python, using a framework such as Pyjamas to write Javascript with Python or another framework such as Flask or Twisted to integrate the Javascript with Python.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,node.js","A_Id":15316002,"CreationDate":"2013-03-09T21:12:00.000","Title":"using python and node.js","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to make selenium use the TOR browser? Does anyone have any code they could copy-paste?","AnswerCount":11,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46677,"Q_Id":15316304,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I looked into this, and unless I'm mistaken, on face value it's not possible.\nThe reason this cannot be done is because:\n\nTor Browser is based on the Firefox code.\nTor Browser has specific patches to the Firefox code to prevent external applications communicating with the Tor Browser (including blocking the Components.Interfaces library). \nThe Selenium Firefox WebDriver communicates with the browser through Javascript libraries that are, as aforementioned, blocked by Tor Browser.\n\nThis is presumably so no-one outside of the Tor Browser either on your box or over the internet knows about your browsing.\nYour alternatives are:\n\nUse a Tor proxy through Firefox instead of the Tor Browser (see the link in the comments of the question).\nRebuild the Firefox source code with the Tor Browser patches excluding those that prevent external communication with Tor Browser.\n\nI suggest the former.","Q_Score":32,"Tags":"python,selenium,tor","A_Id":21777926,"CreationDate":"2013-03-09T21:49:00.000","Title":"Open tor browser with selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a super simple socket program and I have code for the client and code for the server. How do I run both these .py files at the same time to see if they work ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14635,"Q_Id":15329649,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For newbies like myself: do not open the client script\/file from the first opened IDLE Shell, with the server script already running in the Editor window, but open another IDLE Shell window, in which you open\/run this client script.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-idle","A_Id":71399314,"CreationDate":"2013-03-11T00:53:00.000","Title":"How to run two modules at the same time in IDLE","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a super simple socket program and I have code for the client and code for the server. How do I run both these .py files at the same time to see if they work ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":14635,"Q_Id":15329649,"Users Score":15,"Answer":"You can run multiple instances of IDLE\/Python shell at the same time. So open IDLE and run the server code and then open up IDLE again, which will start a separate instance and then run your client code.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-idle","A_Id":15329711,"CreationDate":"2013-03-11T00:53:00.000","Title":"How to run two modules at the same time in IDLE","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to make a simple p2p vpn app, after a lot of searches I found a tun\/tap module for python called PYTUN that is used to make a tunnel. How can I use this module to create a tunnel between 2 remote peers?\nAll the attached doc only show how to make the tunnel interface on your local computer and config it, but it does not mention how to connect it to the remote peer.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2900,"Q_Id":15346908,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"pytun is not sufficient for this.  It serves to connect your Python application to a system network interface.  In effect, you become responsible for implementing that system network interface.\nIf you want traffic that is routed over that network interface to traverse an actual network, then it is the job of your Python program to do the actual network operations that move the data from host A to host B.\nThis is probably a lot of work to do well.  I suggest you use an existing VPN tool instead.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":17349828,"CreationDate":"2013-03-11T19:27:00.000","Title":"how to use the tun\/tap python module (pytun) to create a p2p tunnel?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to write a little program that will give me an update whenever a webpage changes. Like I want to see if there is a new ebay listing under a certain category and then send an email to myself. Is there any clean way to do this? I could set up a program and run it on a server somewhere and have it just poll ebay.com every couple of minutes or seconds indefinitely but I feel like there should be a better way. This method could get dicey too if I wanted to monitor a variety of pages for updates.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":68,"Q_Id":15348326,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no 'clean' way to do this.\nYou must relay on CURL or file_get_context() with context options in order to simply get data from URL, and, in order to notify you when content of URL is changed, you must store in database snapshots of page you are listening. Lately you are comparing new version of crawled content with earlier created snapshot and, if change in significant parts of DOM are detected, that should be trigger for your mail notifier function.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,web","A_Id":15348563,"CreationDate":"2013-03-11T20:49:00.000","Title":"Create an listener on a 3rd party's web page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm currently searching what is the rml file generating the header in openerp 7. I can't find it... \nI have found server\/openerp\/addons\/base\/report\/corporate_defaults.xml but no... Or maybe there is a cache caching the rml befort the report generation ?\nThanks by advance !","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2744,"Q_Id":15352183,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can find header\/footer of rml report in res_company_view.xml file server side.\nThe file path is : server\/openerp\/addons\/base\/res\/res_company_view.xml\nAnd the value of this header footer set default from:\nserver\/openerp\/addons\/base\/res\/res_company.py\nRegards","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,header,report,footer,openerp","A_Id":15353498,"CreationDate":"2013-03-12T02:21:00.000","Title":"Change openerp 7 header\/footer with rml","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an app that consists of a local \"server\" and a GUI client. The server is written in Python, while the GUI is meant to be changable, and is written in Flex 4. The client queries the local server for information and displays it accordingly. Both applications are meant to be run on the same computer, and will only communicate locally. At the moment, the client and the Python server communicates via a basic socket, the client writes a request to the socket, and the socket returns some data.\nHowever, since I'm writing a desktop app, I thought it might be easier to maintain and to polish a system that uses standard streams instead of a socket. The server would listen for raw_input() continuously, and output according to anything written to stdin, and the client, in this case, would use AIR's NativeProcess class to read and write to stdout and stdin, rather than using sockets. \nThe client and server are separate processes, but are meant to be started at more or less the same time. I don't really have need for complex networking, just local cross-language communication. \nWhat are the pros and cons of each approach? What would I gain or lose from using sockets, vs what I would gain or lose from using standard streams to communicate? Which one is more efficient? Which one is easier to maintain?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1968,"Q_Id":15368272,"Users Score":12,"Answer":"On UNIX-like platforms, using stdin\/stdout is a socket, so there's no difference. That is, if you launch a process with its stdout redirected, that'll typically be done with socketpair, so making your own UNIX-domain socket to communicate is unnecessary. The Python classes for handling stdin\/stdout won't give you access to the full flexibility of the underlying socket though, so you'll have to set it up yourself I think if you want to do a half-close, for example (Python can't offer that cross-platform because the Windows sys::stdin can't be a socket, for example, nor is it always on UNIX.)\nThe nice thing about a local TCP connection is that it's cross-platform, and gives predictable semantics everywhere. If you want to be able to close your output and still read from the input, for example, it's much simpler to do this sort of thing with sockets which are the same everywhere. Even without that, for simplicity's sake, using a TCP socket is always a reasonable way to work around the wacky Windows mess of named pipes, although Python shields you from that reasonably well.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,sockets,air,stdout,stdin","A_Id":15369287,"CreationDate":"2013-03-12T17:40:00.000","Title":"Sockets vs Standard Streams for local client-server communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need create a real-time client-server application (like Dropbox).\nClient application should listen one channel of data.\nI can do it with python?\nWhat solutions, technologies, modules exists in python for this task?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":549,"Q_Id":15375832,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, you can do it with Python.  You could do it with PHP, Bash, JavaScript, Ruby, C, C++, C#, Java, Haskell, Go, Assembler, Perl, Pascal, Oberon, Prolog, Lisp, or Caml if you like too.\nMost interfaces to sockets fall into one of two categories:\n\nBlocking interfaces\nEvent interfaces\n\nThere is no way to know which is right for your application without knowing what your application does.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,client-server,real-time","A_Id":15375850,"CreationDate":"2013-03-13T02:10:00.000","Title":"python real-time client-server application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have two Python files that I want to prevent anyone from executing unless it's from the server itself. The files implement a function that increases an amount of money to a user. What I need is to make this file not public to the web, so that if someone tries to call this file, the file would refuse this request, unless the call is from the server. \nDoes anyone know how I can do this? My first idea was to check for the IP address but a lot of people can spoof their IP.\nExample\nLet's say I have this file: function.py, a function in this file will accept a new amount of money and increase the appropriate balance in the database. \nWhen someone tries to post data to this file, and this person is outside the server (lets say from 244.23.23.0) the file will be in-accessible. Whereas, calling the function from the server itself will be accepted. \nSo files can access other files on the server, but external users cannot, with the result that no one can execute this file unless it's called from the server.\nThis is really important to me, because it's related to real money. Also, the money will come from PayPal IPN. And actually, if there was a way to prevent access unless it was coming from PayPal, that would be an amazing way to secure the app.\nOK, as far as what I have tried: \n\nPut the database in a cloud SQL using Google [https:\/\/developers.google.com\/cloud-sql\/]\nTry to check the IP of the incoming request, in the file\n\nThanks for any and all help.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":538,"Q_Id":15381202,"Users Score":0,"Answer":".htaccess, chmod or you could use a key defined by yourself... You have several possibilies.\nEdit: Anyway, if the file only contains a function. Nobody can use it from an external http request, unless you actually call it in this file: function();","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,security","A_Id":15381241,"CreationDate":"2013-03-13T09:20:00.000","Title":"Restrict execution of Python files only to server (prevent access from browser)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to send custom headers in the first handshake that occurs in the WebSocket protocol?\nI want to use custom header in my initial request \"**X-Abc-Def : xxxxx\"\nWebSocket clients are Python & Android client.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9510,"Q_Id":15381414,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"@ThiefMaster got it perfect.\nBut if you want to add custom headers, you can do that with the argument header instead of headers.\nHope this helps","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,websocket","A_Id":38860584,"CreationDate":"2013-03-13T09:31:00.000","Title":"Sending custom headers in websocket handshake","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This is not so much of a specific question, but more a general one. I'm redoing one of my old projects and to make it more user friendly I want the following:\nThe project will be running on my home server, with a flask\/python backend. User using my website will be coming from my companies intranet. Would it be possible to load an intranet page in a iframe on my website. \nSo in short, is it possible to load an intranet page from an internet-page that has no access to said intranet.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":301,"Q_Id":15391618,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Yes.  Any page that the user can browse to normally can be loaded in an iframe.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,html,intranet","A_Id":15391677,"CreationDate":"2013-03-13T16:55:00.000","Title":"Internet app calls intranet page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is not so much of a specific question, but more a general one. I'm redoing one of my old projects and to make it more user friendly I want the following:\nThe project will be running on my home server, with a flask\/python backend. User using my website will be coming from my companies intranet. Would it be possible to load an intranet page in a iframe on my website. \nSo in short, is it possible to load an intranet page from an internet-page that has no access to said intranet.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":301,"Q_Id":15391618,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Of course you can load it in an iframe, you don't need access to the page from the internet for that - the client needs it. Yet, the intranet application might request not to be viewed in a frame.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,html,intranet","A_Id":15391680,"CreationDate":"2013-03-13T16:55:00.000","Title":"Internet app calls intranet page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any quick way in Python to get the MAC address of the default gateway? \nI can't make any ARP requests from the Linux machine I'm running my code on, so it has to come directly from the ARP table.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5009,"Q_Id":15407354,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can read from \/proc\/net\/arp and parse the content, that will give you couples of known IP-MAC addresses.\nThe gateway is probably known at all times, if not you should ping it, and an ARP request will be automatically generated.\nYou can find the default gw in \/proc\/net\/route","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,linux,ip,mac-address,arp","A_Id":15407559,"CreationDate":"2013-03-14T10:59:00.000","Title":"Python: get MAC address of default gateway","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any quick way in Python to get the MAC address of the default gateway? \nI can't make any ARP requests from the Linux machine I'm running my code on, so it has to come directly from the ARP table.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5009,"Q_Id":15407354,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Are you using Linux? You could parse the \/proc\/net\/arp file. It contains the HW address of your gateway.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,linux,ip,mac-address,arp","A_Id":15407512,"CreationDate":"2013-03-14T10:59:00.000","Title":"Python: get MAC address of default gateway","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"To cut the story short: is there any way to get IP of untrusted client calling remote proxy object, using Pyro4? \nSo person A is calling my object from IP 123.123.123.123 and person B from IP 111.111.111.111 is there any way to distinguish them in Pyro4, assuming that they cannot be trusted enough to submit their own IP.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":354,"Q_Id":15407510,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Here is my solution to my problem: since I didn't really need to get specific addresses of clients using pyro, just to distinguish clients in specific subnet (in my classrom) from other ips (students working from home). I just started two pyro clients on two ports and then filtered traffic using a firewall.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,pyro","A_Id":15440686,"CreationDate":"2013-03-14T11:07:00.000","Title":"Get caller's IP in Pyro4 application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I know how to download Excel files from Google Drive in .csv format. However, since .csv files do not support multiple sheets, I have developed a system in a for loop to add the '&grid=tab_number' to the file download url so that I can download each sheet as its own .csv file. The problem I have run into is finding out how many sheets are in the excel workbook on the Google Drive so I know how many times to set the for loop for.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":15456709,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Ended up just downloading with xlrd and using that. Thanks for the link Rob.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,excel,google-drive-api","A_Id":15505507,"CreationDate":"2013-03-17T01:39:00.000","Title":"Complicated Excel Issue with Google API and Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to import results from a Google Search results rss\/xml feed into my website but every time I run the python script I get a message from Google:\n\nOur systems have detected unusual traffic from your computer network.\n  This page checks to see if it's really you sending the requests and\n  not a robot.\n\nThe script uses urllib to download pages and works with other rss feeds.\nDoesn't really make sense as I thought rss feeds were supposed to be consumed by software (bots), I left the script over the weekend and ran on Monday morning but still got the message so I am not hitting their servers too much.\nI can load the feed in my browser though and I can also download the feed using wget on the server?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1138,"Q_Id":15478126,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You could use some HTTP sniffer (like fiddler) or any protocol sniffer (tcpdump, wireshark) to sniff your network traffic to Google and check if your urllib request and wget\/browser requests differ. Also check and compare all the cookies and HTTP-headers of both requests. And remember , that for IPs with big number of requests to Google - google sends captcha every N requests , so if you need to parse it's content - you possibly need to use some proxies for Google parsing.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,rss,urllib,bots","A_Id":15478540,"CreationDate":"2013-03-18T13:33:00.000","Title":"How to fetch a google search results feed with a python script and not be identified as a bot?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm having trouble with S3 files. I have some python code using boto that uploads file to S3, and I want to write to a log file links to the files I created for future reference. \nI can't seem to find a way to generate a link that works to only people that authenticated. I can create a link using the generate_url method, but then anybody who clicks on that link can access the file. Any other of creating the url, creates a link that doesn't work even if I'm logged in (Get an XML with access denied).\nAnybody knows of a way of doing this? Preferably permanent links, but I can do with only temporary links that expires after given time\nThanks,\nOphir","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":415,"Q_Id":15495949,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, there really isn't any way to do this without putting some sort of service between the people clicking on the links and the S3 objects.\nThe reason is that access to the S3 content is determined by your AWS access_key and secret_key.  There is no way to \"login\" with these credentials and logging into the AWS web console uses a different set of credentials that are only useful for the console.  It does not authenticate you with the S3 service.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,file,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":15503402,"CreationDate":"2013-03-19T09:42:00.000","Title":"Creating links to private S3 files which still requires authentication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to be able to get the list of all URLs that a browser will do a GET request for when we try to open a page. For eg: if we try to open cnn.com, there are multiple URLs within the first HTTP response which the browser recursively requests for. \nI'm not trying to render a page but I'm trying to obtain a list of all the urls that are requested when a page is rendered. Doing a simple scan of the http response content wouldn't be sufficient as there could potentially be images in the css which are downloaded. Is there anyway I can do this in python?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":996,"Q_Id":15513699,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I guess you will have to create a list of all known file extensions that you do NOT want, and then scan the content of the http response, checking with \"if substring not in nono-list:\"\nThe problem is all href's ending with TLDs, forwardslashes, url-delivered variables and so on, so i think it would be easier to check for stuff you know you dont want.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,http-headers","A_Id":15513793,"CreationDate":"2013-03-20T01:28:00.000","Title":"How can I extract the list of urls obtained during a HTML page render in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to know if is there a way to validate that a request (say a POST or a GET) was made over https, \nI need to check this in a webapp2.RequestHandler to invalidate every request that is not sent via https\nbest regards","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":428,"Q_Id":15515299,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are using GAE Flex (where the secure: directive doesn't work), the only way I've found to detect this (to redirect http->https myself) is to check if request.environ['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'] == 'https'","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"google-app-engine,python-2.x","A_Id":44672760,"CreationDate":"2013-03-20T04:24:00.000","Title":"how to check the request is https in app engine python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to create a sample python script using Selenium IDE 1.10.0 with Firefox version 19.0.2.\nI am able to create the script, but during run time i'm getting exception: \"INFO - Got result: Failed to start new browser session: Error while launching browser on session null\"\nSo my question is that can i run the generated script against Firefox version 19.0.2. If yes then why i'm getting this error, if not then please provide me your input.\nThanks in Advance\nAbhishek","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":934,"Q_Id":15516354,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Selenium IDE 1.10.0 release notes says it only supports upto Firefox 17 so you may face issue with v19. will you re-try downgrading Firefox please?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":15517460,"CreationDate":"2013-03-20T05:58:00.000","Title":"Does Selenium IDE 1.10.0 support Firefox 19.0.2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Please help me solve following case:\nImagine a typical classified category page. A page with list of items. When you click on items you land on internal pages.Now currently my crawler scrapes all these URLs, further scrapes these urls to get details of the item, check to see if the initial seed URL as any next page. If it has, it goes to the next page and do the same. I am storing these items in a sql database.\nLet say 3 days later, there are new itmes in the Seed URL and I want to scrap only new items. Possible solutions are:\n\nAt the time of scraping each item, I check in the database to see if the URL is already scraped. If it has, I simply ask Scrapy to stop crawling further.\nProblem : I don't want to query database each time. My database is going to be really large and it will eventually make crawling super slow.\nI try to store last scraped URL and pass it on in the beginning, and the moment it finds this last_scraped_url it simply stops the crawler.\nNot possible, given the asynchronous nature of crawling URLs are not scraped in the same order they are received from seed URLs.\n( I tried all methods to make it in orderly fashion - but that's not possible at all )\n\nCan anybody suggest any other ideas ? I have been struggling over it for past three days.\nAppreciate your replies.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1365,"Q_Id":15530071,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Before trying to give you an idea...\nI must say I would try first your database option. Databases are made just for that and, even if your DB gets really big, this should not do the crawling significantly slow.\nAnd one lesson I have learned: \"First do the dumb implementation. After that, you try to optimize.\" Most of times when you optimize first, you just optimize the wrong part.\nBut, if you really want another idea...\nScrapy's default is not to crawl the same url two times. So, before start the crawling you can put the already scraped urls (3 days before) in the list that Scrapy uses to know which urls were already visited. (I don't know how to do that.)\nOr, simpler, in your item parser you can just check if the url was already scraped and return None or scrape the new item accordingly.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":25308766,"CreationDate":"2013-03-20T17:03:00.000","Title":"Scrapy Case : Incremental Update of Items","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've created an XMPP chat client in python. Chat generally works except it seems that Google Talk 'blocks' some messages when sending from my chat client to a user using Google Talk. For example, if I send the same one word message 'hi' multiple times to gtalk user, it only displays it once. However, when sending that same sequence of messages to a user on iChat or on Adium, all of the 'hi's get shown. Sometimes, Google Talk also doesn't display the first 1-2 incoming messages from my client. \nOtherwise, chatting works. My client never has any trouble with incoming chats. Thoughts?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":277,"Q_Id":15552788,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In case it helps anyone, I figured it out. You just need to specify an id attribute in each chat message. They can be random id's but each message should have a different one. I assume gtalk was 'blocking' repeated messages b\/c it couldn't tell if the messages were distinct or just repeats without an id.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xmpp,chat","A_Id":15570548,"CreationDate":"2013-03-21T16:18:00.000","Title":"XMPP Chat Client - Some IM messages to Google Talk don't get received","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wonder, what is the advantage of using selenium for automation if at the end of the test he emits no reports where the test passed or failed?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":590,"Q_Id":15578942,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Selenium isn't actually a testing framework, it's a browser driver.  You don't write tests in Selenium any more than you write GUI apps in OpenGL.  You usually write tests in a unit testing framework like unittest, or something like nose or lettuce built on top of it.  Your tests then use Selenium to interact with a browser, as they use a database API to access the DB or an HTTP library to communicate with web services.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":15579077,"CreationDate":"2013-03-22T20:02:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver Testing - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wonder, what is the advantage of using selenium for automation if at the end of the test he emits no reports where the test passed or failed?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":590,"Q_Id":15578942,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Its up to the discretion of the user what to do with the selenium webdriver automation and how to report the test results. Selenium webdriver will give you the power to control your web browser and to automate your web application tests. \nSame as how you have to program in any other automation tool the conditions for checking your pass or fail criteria for any tests, in Selenium also it has to be programmed.It is totally up to the programmer how to report their results and the template to be followed. You will have to write your own code to format and store the test results.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":15594935,"CreationDate":"2013-03-22T20:02:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver Testing - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have implemented GCM using my own sever. Now I'm trying to do the same using Python 2.7 in Google App Engine. How can I get the IP address for the server hosting my app? (I need it for API Key). Is IP-LookUp only option? And if I do so will the IP address remain constant?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":907,"Q_Id":15686853,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You can check the IP easily by doing a ping from the command line to the domain name, as in \"ping appspot.com\". With this you will obtain the response from the real IP. Unfortunately this IP will change over time and won't make your GCM service work. \nIn order to make it work you only need to leave the allowed IPs field blank.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"google-app-engine,python-2.7,google-cloud-messaging","A_Id":17506596,"CreationDate":"2013-03-28T16:13:00.000","Title":"API Key for GCM from GAE","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a Python script which produces some some data. I would like to stream it to an HTTP server using POST. That is, I don't want to accumulate the data in a buffer and then send it -- I just want to send it as it's created. There will be a lot.\nThe apparently obvious way to do this would be to open the HTTP connection in some way that return a writeable file object, write the data to that object, and then close the connection.\nHowever, it's not obvious to me that this is supported in any of the libraries I looked at (urllib2, httplib, and requests).\nHow can I accomplish this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":147,"Q_Id":15710399,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"You wont get a writeable file object via urllib2 \/ urllib. The return value is a \"file like\" object which supports iteration and reading. If you can read the contents and create your own file object for writing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,post","A_Id":15710412,"CreationDate":"2013-03-29T19:45:00.000","Title":"How can I get a writeable file object for an HTTP POST in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a large local file.  I want to upload a gzipped version of that file into S3 using the boto library.  The file is too large to gzip it efficiently on disk prior to uploading, so it should be gzipped in a streamed way during the upload.\nThe boto library knows a function set_contents_from_file() which expects a file-like object it will read from.\nThe gzip library knows the class GzipFile which can get an object via the parameter named fileobj; it will write to this object when compressing.\nI'd like to combine these two functions, but the one API wants to read by itself, the other API wants to write by itself; neither knows a passive operation (like being written to or being read from).\nDoes anybody have an idea on how to combine these in a working fashion?\nEDIT: I accepted one answer (see below) because it hinted me on where to go, but if you have the same problem, you might find my own answer (also below) more helpful, because I implemented a solution using multipart uploads in it.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":15998,"Q_Id":15754610,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"There really isn't a way to do this because S3 doesn't support true streaming input (i.e. chunked transfer encoding).  You must know the Content-Length prior to upload and the only way to know that is to have performed the gzip operation first.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,gzip,boto","A_Id":15763863,"CreationDate":"2013-04-02T01:22:00.000","Title":"How to gzip while uploading into s3 using boto","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a little download manager in python, and now i want to \"catch\" downloads from Chrome Firefox and Explorer so they will download with it, instead of each built-in download manager of the browser itself.\nI want to know when each of the browsers are starting a file download, so i can prevent the default behavior and use my own manager. All i need to start a download myself is the file url of course. \nI know that in the past there were popular download managers such as \"Get Right\" that did exactly this. I want to do something similar.\nAny ideas how would i go about doing this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":233,"Q_Id":15760825,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Each of the web browsers e.g. Firefox, Chrome, IE, Safari, all have plugin models.  If you are going to truly integrate your manager into the web browsers, you will need to examine their plugin models, and make your download manager work through that.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"internet-explorer,google-chrome,firefox,python-2.7,download","A_Id":28467360,"CreationDate":"2013-04-02T09:40:00.000","Title":"Catch downloads from Chrome\/Firefox\/Explorer with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an email interface client, and I am using IMAP for my requests. I want to be able to show, in real-time, basic email data, for a list view.\nAs in, for example, the GMail list  view. For that, I need to do an IMAP request to obtain the subject of all emails, the date of all emails, etc. This works so far.\nThe problem is, I want to also show the first characters of the body text. If I use the BODYSTRUCTURE call to obtain the index of the text\/HTML part it takes too long (for emails with thousands of characters it might take well over a second per email, while using only the subject\/date\/etc calls takes about 0.02 seconds max.\nI tried using the BODY[INDEX]<0.XYZ> bytes where XYZ is the number of the first bytes we want to obtain, but to my dismay, it takes as long as using the BODY[INDEX] call. Sometimes even more.\nIs there another way to obtain the first text characters, but in a quick manner? If I want to list 300 emails on my interface I cannot afford to spend 1 second per email just to obtain the first text characters.\nI'm using Python with imaplib for this, even though probably not relevant.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1047,"Q_Id":15792128,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you really want to fetch the beginning of the first textual part of a message, you will have to parse the BODYSTRUCTURE. After you obtain the part ID of the desired textual part, use the BODY[number]<0.size> syntax.\nThe suggestion given in the other answer will fail on multipart messages (like if you have a text\/plain and text\/html, which is most common format today.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,imap,imaplib","A_Id":15875488,"CreationDate":"2013-04-03T15:54:00.000","Title":"Obtain partial IMAP text part","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to OOP and am writing a small tool in Python that checks Bitcoin prices using a JSON load from the web Bitcoin() class, it monitors the prices Monitor(), notifies the user when thresholds are met Notify() and uses a console-interface Interface() for now to do so.\nI have created a Bitcoin() class that can read the prices and volumes from the JSON load. The __init__ definition connects to the web using socket. Since every instance of this class would result in a new socket, I would only need\/want one instance of this class running. \n\nIs a class still the best way to approach this?\nWhat is the best way to get other classes and instances to interact with my Bitcoin() instance?\nShould I global a Bitcoin() instance? Pass the instance as an argument to every class that needs it?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":161,"Q_Id":15817484,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"OOP is a tool, not a goal, you can make a decision whether to use it or not. If you use a Python module, you can achieve encapsulation without ever writing \"class\".","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oop","A_Id":15817576,"CreationDate":"2013-04-04T17:10:00.000","Title":"Should I still create a class, if it can only have one instance?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is Javascript the only language that can utilise the DOM API? Is there a DOM wrapper for Python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":541,"Q_Id":15887916,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Internet Explorer has support for client-side VBScript, but nobody really uses it. Javascript is an implementation of ECMAScript, by Brendan Eich at Netscape. It became the de-facto standard.\nHowever, most languages have libraries written that can traverse an html document in the server side. In Python a common one is called Beautiful Soup.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,browser,scripting,client-side","A_Id":15887967,"CreationDate":"2013-04-08T20:03:00.000","Title":"Clientside Scripting Language","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm crawling a bunch of web pages using Python's request library, but occasionally the crawler will stumble upon an absolutely mammoth page, be it a PDF or video or otherwise gargantuan file.  Is there a good way to limit the maximum size of file it will download?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":535,"Q_Id":15896639,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The urlopen object has a method info() which gives all kinds of useful header information, including Content-Length\nOccassionally this is not correctly set but should be in most cases and will help","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,python-requests","A_Id":15896851,"CreationDate":"2013-04-09T08:11:00.000","Title":"Cap download size with Python requests library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I searched a lot for built web service like Google Talk, using Google Application Engine and Python.\nFor that first step is to check the status of online user on the Gmail. I found many code of it on python using XMPP library but it work only on python not using Google Application Engine.\nThere is also suggestion of using XMPP python API but for sending message we have to provide JID like app-id@appspot.com and message send.We can not send message from one email Id to another Email Id directly.\nNow I want to perform Oauth authentication in python for gtalk at domain level can anyone tell me how to do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":323,"Q_Id":15898775,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you are confused. Python runs ON appengine. Also theres a working java xmpp example provided.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"google-app-engine,python-2.7,google-talk","A_Id":15903171,"CreationDate":"2013-04-09T09:51:00.000","Title":"Gtalk Service On Google App Engine Using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I searched a lot for built web service like Google Talk, using Google Application Engine and Python.\nFor that first step is to check the status of online user on the Gmail. I found many code of it on python using XMPP library but it work only on python not using Google Application Engine.\nThere is also suggestion of using XMPP python API but for sending message we have to provide JID like app-id@appspot.com and message send.We can not send message from one email Id to another Email Id directly.\nNow I want to perform Oauth authentication in python for gtalk at domain level can anyone tell me how to do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":323,"Q_Id":15898775,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can only send messages from your app.  There are two options:  your_app_id@appspot.com or anything@your_app_id.appspotchat.com.\nIf you wanted to behave like an arbitrary xmpp client, you'll have to use a third party xmpp library running over HTTP and handle the authentication with the user's XMPP server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"google-app-engine,python-2.7,google-talk","A_Id":15904726,"CreationDate":"2013-04-09T09:51:00.000","Title":"Gtalk Service On Google App Engine Using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm aware that I can manually code in a proxy with user\/password, but is it possible to get Python to just pull the proxy settings AND authentication from IE?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":90,"Q_Id":15903189,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For simple authentication (basic, digest), yes.  Simply make sure your system's proxy settings (e.g, in IE) are in the format:\njoe:password@proxy.example.com:3128\nIf your proxy is using some other more complicated form of authentication (e.g., ntlm, kerberos), this is not so easy.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy","A_Id":15903624,"CreationDate":"2013-04-09T13:24:00.000","Title":"Can I get Python to use an authenticated Proxy without userinput?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a little script that copies files from bucket on one S3 account to the bucket in another S3 account.\nIn this script I use bucket.copy_key() function to copy key from one bucket in another bucket.\nI tested it, it works fine, but the question is: do I get charged for copying files between S3 to S3 in same region? \nWhat I'm worry about that may be I missed something in boto source code, and I hope it's not store the file on my machine, than send it to another S3. \nAlso (sorry, if its to much questions in one topic) if I upload and run this script from EC2 instance will I get charge for bandwidth?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":322,"Q_Id":15956099,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If you are using the copy_key method in boto then you are doing server-side copying.  There is a very small per-request charge for COPY operations just as there are for all S3 operations but if you are copying between two buckets in the same region, there is no network transfer charges.  This is true whether you run the copy operations on your local machine or on an EC2 instance.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto,data-transfer","A_Id":15957021,"CreationDate":"2013-04-11T18:24:00.000","Title":"Will I get charge for transfering files between S3 accounts using boto's bucket.copy_key() function?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a simple Twitter bot in Python and was wondering if anybody could answer and explain the question for me.\nI'm able to make Tweets, but I haven't had the bot retweet anyone yet. I'm afraid of tweeting a user's tweet multiple times. I plan to have my bot just run based on Windows Scheduled Tasks, so when the script is run (for example) the 3rd time, how do I get it so the script\/bot doesn't retweet a tweet again? \nTo clarify my question:\nSay that someone tweeted at 5:59pm \"#computer\". Now my twitter bot is supposed to retweet anything containing #computer. Say that when the bot runs at 6:03pm it finds that tweet and retweets it. But then when the bot runs again at 6:09pm it retweets that same tweet again. How do I make sure that it doesn't retweet duplicates?\nShould I create a separate text file and add in the IDs of the tweets and read through them every time the bot runs? I haven't been able to find any answers regarding this and don't know an efficient way of checking.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2022,"Q_Id":15958980,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Twitter is set such that you can't retweet the same thing more than once. So if your bot gets such a tweet, it will be redirected to an Error 403 page by the API. You can test this policy by reducing the time between each run by the script to about a minute; this will generate the Error 403 link as the current feed of tweets remains unchanged.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":30488072,"CreationDate":"2013-04-11T21:14:00.000","Title":"How do I make sure a twitter bot doesn't retweet the same tweet multiple times?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a simple Twitter bot in Python and was wondering if anybody could answer and explain the question for me.\nI'm able to make Tweets, but I haven't had the bot retweet anyone yet. I'm afraid of tweeting a user's tweet multiple times. I plan to have my bot just run based on Windows Scheduled Tasks, so when the script is run (for example) the 3rd time, how do I get it so the script\/bot doesn't retweet a tweet again? \nTo clarify my question:\nSay that someone tweeted at 5:59pm \"#computer\". Now my twitter bot is supposed to retweet anything containing #computer. Say that when the bot runs at 6:03pm it finds that tweet and retweets it. But then when the bot runs again at 6:09pm it retweets that same tweet again. How do I make sure that it doesn't retweet duplicates?\nShould I create a separate text file and add in the IDs of the tweets and read through them every time the bot runs? I haven't been able to find any answers regarding this and don't know an efficient way of checking.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2022,"Q_Id":15958980,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should store somewhere the timestamp of the latest tweet processed, that way you won't go throught the same tweets twice, hence not retweeting a tweet twice.\nThis should also make tweet processing faster (because you only process each tweet once).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":15959518,"CreationDate":"2013-04-11T21:14:00.000","Title":"How do I make sure a twitter bot doesn't retweet the same tweet multiple times?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to get the current url after a series of navigations in Selenium. I know there's a command called getLocation for ruby, but I can't find the syntax for Python.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":291478,"Q_Id":15985339,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Another way to do it would be to inspect the url bar in chrome to find the id of the element, have your WebDriver click that element, and then send the keys you use to copy and paste using the keys common function from selenium, and then printing it out or storing it as a variable, etc.","Q_Score":227,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":55485019,"CreationDate":"2013-04-13T07:20:00.000","Title":"How do I get current URL in Selenium Webdriver 2 Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've a client (currently in C#, a python version in progress) which gets computer data such as CPU %, disk space etc. and sends it to a server. I don't know how to manage if my client looses connection with the server. I have to continue collecting information but where to stock them? Just a buffer? Is using a log file a better solution?\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":57,"Q_Id":16001064,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'd create a log file on the HDD and put in the last recorded data and time. Then just read it out when needed again.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c#,python,buffer","A_Id":16002014,"CreationDate":"2013-04-14T15:58:00.000","Title":"How to store datas while connection is lost?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"is there a way to trace all the calls made by a web page when loading it? Say for example I went in a video watching site, I would like to trace all the GET calls recursively until I find an mp4\/flv file. I know a way to do that would be to follow the URLs recursively, but this solution is not always suitable and quite limitative( say there's a few thousand links, or the links are in a file which can't be read). Is there a way to do this? Ideally, the implementation could be in python, but PHP as well as C is fine too","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":16114358,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Chrome provides a built-in tool for seeing the network connections. Press Ctrl+Shift+J to open the JavaScript Console. Then open the Network tab to see all of the GET\/POST calls.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,html,networking","A_Id":16115090,"CreationDate":"2013-04-19T22:23:00.000","Title":"Tracing GET\/POST calls","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I had putty on one server and run a python script available on that server. That script keep on throwing output on terminal. Later on, my internet connection went off but even then i was expecting my script to complete it job as script is on running on that server. But when internet connection resumed, I found that script has not done its job.\nSo is this expected ? If yes, then what to do to make sure that script runs on server even though internet connection goes off in-between?\nThanks in advance !!!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":289,"Q_Id":16117044,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"On the server, you can install tmux or screen. These programs run the program in the background and enable you to open a 'window', If I use tmux:\nOpen tmux: tmux\nDetach (run in background): press Ctrl-b d\nreattach (open a 'window'): tmux attach","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,shell,python-2.7,putty","A_Id":16117169,"CreationDate":"2013-04-20T05:37:00.000","Title":"to keep the script running even after internet connection goes off","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to use python with Java in a project in which graphs (the kind with nodes and edges) plays a large role. I want to visualize those graphs in a simple GUI and update its node labels\/edge weights\/whatever every second or so. I also want to load graphs from files in graphml form.\nNetworkx is advised by many people, but doesn't seem to work with Jython, is that correct? If not, I get a \nSyntaxError: 'import *' not allowed with 'from .' \nerror from inside the Networkx egg. Even if it's works, I would need Numpy and matplotlib to work and I'm not sure those work with Jython.\nSo firstly, could you help me with solving these NetworkX issues. Secondly, are there alternatives to Networkx that you could recommend for my purposes?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1298,"Q_Id":16159985,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Jython is python language spec inside of the JVM much like JRuby.\nNetworkX source code is C or fortran (don't remember which).\nNumpy\/Scipy are C based (great packages for scientific computing).\nMatplotlib is c (for display of the graphs).\nNetworkX will help create graphs, matplotlib will help display them but both may not work in Jython.\nIf you need c based resources try jpype; its older (python 2.7) but will allow some functionality between c and java using JNI (java native interface).\nWhat I have done is create graphs in python then switch over to Gephi to visualize and display the graphs.  Gephi is java based and a up and coming free tool.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,graph,jython,networkx","A_Id":16269881,"CreationDate":"2013-04-23T02:39:00.000","Title":"Jython graph library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm missing something with protobuffers. Here is some questions that I have that I'm having difficulties answering. \n\nIs a .proto file enough to have get all the data out of? In the address book example that is on the site they seem to write the data out to a file and consume it out of a file (separate than the .proto file itself). I understand that the proto serializes the object structure and I know that it can serialize a message however I'm having a hard time finding where to put the data and retrieve within one contained .proto file itself. \nIf question above is answered as I think it would my assumption is that one team can create the proto file and serialize the data with with java and another team can simply take the file and use python to deserialze it is that correct assumption?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":165,"Q_Id":16161992,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Is a .proto file enough to have get all the data out of? \n\nThe proto file is used to define the structure of the message. Each field is given a tag number. As long as you have the right proto file, the data can be de-serialized correctly. Yes the proto file will suffice.\n\none team can create the proto file and serialize the data with with\n  java and another team can simply take the file and use python to\n  deserialze it is that correct assumption?\n\nOne team can create the structure needed to define the data being sent \/ received and others can use that definition to communicate. As long as both teams use the same .proto file and the tag numbers are assigned correctly, you should have no trouble doing what you're asking.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,python,protocol-buffers","A_Id":16162045,"CreationDate":"2013-04-23T05:57:00.000","Title":"Please help me understand protocol buffers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm missing something with protobuffers. Here is some questions that I have that I'm having difficulties answering. \n\nIs a .proto file enough to have get all the data out of? In the address book example that is on the site they seem to write the data out to a file and consume it out of a file (separate than the .proto file itself). I understand that the proto serializes the object structure and I know that it can serialize a message however I'm having a hard time finding where to put the data and retrieve within one contained .proto file itself. \nIf question above is answered as I think it would my assumption is that one team can create the proto file and serialize the data with with java and another team can simply take the file and use python to deserialze it is that correct assumption?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":165,"Q_Id":16161992,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Think of it this way\nClient side java code\n- proto encoder\n- - bytes\n======= network =======\n- - bytes\n- proto decoder\nServer side java code\nInstead of the network, the bytes may be written to a file by one side and read from it by the other. Whichever. \nIn order for proto encoder and proto decoder to do their job, they need to understand the format of the bytes coming in. proto file describes that format.\nIt's somewhat analogous to sending an image over the network: both sides need to know it's a png file. If one sends png and the other tries to decode jpg, things won't work. The same way as jpg vs png describe the image format, proto files describe the data format.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,python,protocol-buffers","A_Id":16162532,"CreationDate":"2013-04-23T05:57:00.000","Title":"Please help me understand protocol buffers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a scrip (using Python) that submits to a form on www.example.com\/form\/info.php \ncurrently my script will:\n- open Firefox\n- enter name, age, address\n- press submit\nwhat I want to do is have a web form (with name, age, address) on LAMP and when the user press submit it adds those options to the selenium script (to be put into www.example.coom\/form\/info.php) and submits it directly in the browser. Is this possible?\nUPDATE:\nI know this is possible using mechanize, because i have tested it out, but it doesnt so well with javascript which is why i am using selenium.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":114,"Q_Id":16219178,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The script has to run first and create the browser session. Currently AFAIK there is no way to take webdriver control of a browser that is already open.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,selenium","A_Id":16219793,"CreationDate":"2013-04-25T15:43:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to run selenium script from web browser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wrote a web crawler to crawl product infomation from www.amazon.com by using urllib2,but it seems that amazon limit the connection for each IP to 1. \nWhen I start more than one thread to crawl simultaneously, it raises HTTP Error 503: Service Temporarily Unavailable.\nI want to start more threads to crawl fast,so how can I fix this error?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":201,"Q_Id":16264992,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should probably switch to use the Amazon API for product queries.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,network-programming","A_Id":16265073,"CreationDate":"2013-04-28T16:26:00.000","Title":"how to crawl web pages fast when the number of connection is limited","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a web crawler to crawl product infomation from www.amazon.com by using urllib2,but it seems that amazon limit the connection for each IP to 1. \nWhen I start more than one thread to crawl simultaneously, it raises HTTP Error 503: Service Temporarily Unavailable.\nI want to start more threads to crawl fast,so how can I fix this error?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":201,"Q_Id":16264992,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Short version: you can't, and it would be a bad idea to even try.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,network-programming","A_Id":16265020,"CreationDate":"2013-04-28T16:26:00.000","Title":"how to crawl web pages fast when the number of connection is limited","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an endpoint that must send an image in the response.\nThe original image is a file in the server that I open with python (open().read()) and save it in the NDB as BlobProperty (ndb.BlobProperty()).\nMy protoRPC message is a BytesField.\nIf I go in the apis-explorer the picture comes with the correct value, but it doesn't work in my JS Client.\nI've been trying to just read the file, encode and decode base64 but the JS is still not recognizing it.\nDoes anyone have an idea how to solve it? How can I send the base64 image via Endpoints?\nThank you!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":406,"Q_Id":16273227,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The way it finally worked was just open the file with the (open().read()) and save it in the NDB.\nThe response message was a BytesField just sending the string of the open().read(), without any encoding.\nThe console in my browser was not reading the value of the field in the answer, but it works normal in my app.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"google-app-engine,python-2.7,base64,google-cloud-endpoints,protorpc","A_Id":16276321,"CreationDate":"2013-04-29T07:22:00.000","Title":"Send image as base64 via Google Endpoints","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using the Python library HSAudioTag, and I'm trying to read the track number in my files, however, without fail, the file returns 0 as the track number, even if it's much higher. Does anybody have any idea how to fix this?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":87,"Q_Id":16288787,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The solution was to go into the code, and change the following lines to: Line 118: self.track = u'' Lines 149-152: self.track = int(self._fields.get(TRACK, u'')) + 1","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":21212477,"CreationDate":"2013-04-29T21:45:00.000","Title":"Python HSAudioTag for WMA files always returns 0?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is a node where I ssh into and start a script remotely by Robot Framework (SSHLibrary.Start Command or Execute Command). This remote script starts a telnet connection to another node which is hidden from outside. This telnet call seems to be a blocking event to Robot. I use RIDE for test execution and it simply stops working. I can send stop signals inefficiently. Is it possible to spawn telnet within ssh?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2735,"Q_Id":16298022,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"We haven't exactly used the method with telnet but with another ssh session or other shells that we cannot access otherwise...\nOpen an ssh connection to the first machine. \nOn this connection, use SSHLibrary keywords like Set Prompt, Write and Read or Read Until Prompt to manually open a telnet connection to the next machine.\nWrite and Read Keywords can be used a bit like the expect and spawn...","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,testing,ssh,telnet,robotframework","A_Id":16315259,"CreationDate":"2013-04-30T10:47:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to use telnet within an ssh connection in Robot Framework?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Everything is in the title!\nIs there a way to define the download directory for selenium-chromedriver used with python?\nIn spite of many research, I haven't found something conclusive...\nAs a newbie, I've seen many things about \"the desired_capabilities\" or \"the options\" for Chromedriver but nothing has resolved my problem... (and I still don't know if it will!)\nTo explain a little bit more my issue:\nI have a lot of url to scan (200 000) and for each url a file to download.\nI have to create a table with the url, the information i scrapped on it, AND the name of the file I've just downloaded for each webpage. \nWith the volume I have to treat, I've created threads that open multiple instance of chromedriver to speed up the treatment. \nThe problem is that every downloaded file arrives in the same default directory and I'm no more able to link a file to an url...\nSo, the idea is to create a download directory for every thread to manage them one by one.\nIf someone have the answer to my question in the title OR a workaround to identify the file downloaded and link it with the current url, I will be grateful!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9773,"Q_Id":16328801,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I have faced recently the same issue. Tried a lot of solutions found in the Internet, no one helped. So finally I came to this:\n\nLaunch chrome with empty user-data-dir (in \/tmp folder) to let chrome initialize it\nQuit chrome\nModify Default\/Preferences in newly created user-data-dir, add those fields to the root object (just an example):\n\"download\": {\n      \"default_directory\": \"\/tmp\/tmpX7EADC.downloads\",\n      \"directory_upgrade\": true\n   }\nLaunch chrome again with the same user-data-dir\n\nNow it works just fine.\nAnother tip: If you don't know file name of file that is going to be downloaded, create snapshot (list of files) of downloads directory, then download the file and find its name by comparin snapshot and current list of files in the downloads directory.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":17212203,"CreationDate":"2013-05-02T01:03:00.000","Title":"Define download directory for chromedriver selenium with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that pings 12 pages on someExampleSite.com every 3 minutes. It's been working for a couple months but today I started receiving 404 errors for 6 of the pages every time it runs. \nSo I tried going to those urls on the pc that the script is running on and they load fine in Chrome and Safari. I've also tried changing the user agent string the script is using and that also didn't change anything. Also I tried removing the ['If-Modified-Since'] header which also didn't change anything. \nWhy would the server be sending my script a 404 for these 6 pages but on that same computer I can load them in Chrome and Safari just fine? (I made sure to do a hard refresh in Chrome and Safari and they still loaded)\nI'm using urllib2 to make the request.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52,"Q_Id":16341001,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So I figured out what the problem was. \nThe website is returning an erroneous response code for these 6 pages. Even though it's returning a 404, it's also returning the web page. Chrome and Safari seem to ignore the response code and display the page anyways, my script aborts on the 404.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,macos","A_Id":16342227,"CreationDate":"2013-05-02T14:42:00.000","Title":"Troubleshooting 404 received by python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a number of clients who need to connect to a server and maintain the connection for some time (around 4 hours). I don't want to specify a different connection port for each client (as there are potentially many of them) I would like them just to be able to connect to the server on a specific predetermined port e.g., 10800 and have the server accept and maintain the connection but still be able to receive other connections from new clients. Is there a way to do this in Python or do I need to re-think the architecture.\nEXTRA CREDIT: A Python snippet of the server code doing this would be amazing!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1496,"Q_Id":16351298,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use select.select() to detect events on multiple sockets, like incoming connections, incoming data, outgoing buffer capacity and connection errors. You can use this on multiple listening sockets and on established connections from a single thread. Using a websearch, you can surely find example code.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,tcp,client-server","A_Id":16352065,"CreationDate":"2013-05-03T03:50:00.000","Title":"How do I receive and manage multiple TCP connections on the same port?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a number of clients who need to connect to a server and maintain the connection for some time (around 4 hours). I don't want to specify a different connection port for each client (as there are potentially many of them) I would like them just to be able to connect to the server on a specific predetermined port e.g., 10800 and have the server accept and maintain the connection but still be able to receive other connections from new clients. Is there a way to do this in Python or do I need to re-think the architecture.\nEXTRA CREDIT: A Python snippet of the server code doing this would be amazing!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1496,"Q_Id":16351298,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't want to specify a different connection port for each client (as there are potentially many of them)\n\nYou don't need that.\n\nI would like them just to be able to connect to the server on a specific predetermined port e.g., 10800 and have the server accept and maintain the connection but still be able to receive other connections from new clients\n\nThat's how TCP already works.\nJust create a socket listening to port 10800 and accept connections from it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,tcp,client-server","A_Id":16354390,"CreationDate":"2013-05-03T03:50:00.000","Title":"How do I receive and manage multiple TCP connections on the same port?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm parsing a xml file in which I get basic expressions (like id*10+2). What I am trying to do is to evaluate the expression to actually get the value. To do so, I use the eval() method which works very well.\nThe only thing is the numbers are in fact hexadecimal numbers. The eval() method could work well if every hex number was prefixed with '0x', but I could not find a way to do it, neither could I find a similar question here. How would it be done in a clean way ?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1913,"Q_Id":16354980,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Be careful with eval! Do not ever use it in untrusted inputs.\nIf it's just simple arithmetic, I'd use a custom parser (there are tons of examples out in the wild)... And using parser generators (flex\/bison, antlr, etc.) is a skill that is useful and easily forgotten, so it could be a good chance to refresh or learn it.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,parsing","A_Id":16356153,"CreationDate":"2013-05-03T08:53:00.000","Title":"Appending '0x' before the hex numbers in a string","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Currently I'm writing software for web automation using selenium and autoit. \nI've found a strange issue, that for some pages when printing to pdf with firefox I get unsearchable pdfs. I've tried ff 3.5, 4.0, 20, 22, 23 - all have the same issue.\nYou can reproduce it by printing any linkedin profile - you'll get unsearchable pdf.\nDid anyone encounter the same behaviour? How can I bypass it (using python, selenium)?\nI've tried chrome driver, but it's increadibly slow.\nI'm running windows 7 x64 ultimate\nIt does not deppend on printer used - I have tried a lot of different versions.\nBy searchable I mean that I should be able to search text in it like in most pdf files.\nUpdate - I still don't understand why it happens. I've tried printing the same web page from IE 9 - it gives exactly the same print dialog as firefox and uses the same pdf printer driver. Nevertheless, it produces searchable pdfs. Guess the problem is related to the way firefox prints documents.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":338,"Q_Id":16359326,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Firefox does not control the way your content is being printed to the PDF. Your PDF Printer Driver is responsible for creating the PDF file as a Bitmap snapshot of your page, instead of composing it from the elements in your page. The reason that you find a different behavior in Chrome compared to Firefox, is that Chrome has a built in \"Save as PDF\" which is different from your installed PDF drivers. So it really comes down to what PDF Printer Driver you are using.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,firefox,pdf,selenium,automation","A_Id":16444728,"CreationDate":"2013-05-03T12:48:00.000","Title":"Firefox produces unsearchable pdfs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is part of a project I am working on for work.\nI want to automate a Sharepoint site, specifically to pull data out of a database that I and my coworkers only have front-end access to.\nI FINALLY managed to get mechanize (in python) to accomplish this using Python-NTLM, and by patching part of it's source code to fix a reoccurring error.\nNow, I am at what I would hope is my final roadblock: Part of the form I need to submit seems to be output of a JavaScript function :| and lo and behold... Mechanize does not support javascript. I don't want to emulate the javascript functionality myself in python because I would ideally like a reusable solution...\nSo, does anyone know how I could evaluate the javascript on the local html I download from sharepoint? I just want to run the javascript somehow (to complete the loading of the page), but without a browser.\nI have already looked into selenium, but it's pretty slow for the amount of work I need to get done... I am currently looking into PyV8 to try and evaluate the javascript myself... but surely there must be an app or library (or anything) that can do this??","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1441,"Q_Id":16375251,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Well, in the end I came down to the following possible solutions:\n\nRun Chrome headless and collect the html output (thanks to koenp for the link!)\nRun PhantomJS, a headless browser with a javascript api\nRun HTMLUnit; same thing but for Java\nUse Ghost.py, a python-based headless browser (that I haven't seen suggested anyyyywhere for some reason!)\nWrite a DOM-based javascript interpreter based on Pyv8 (Google v8 javascript engine) and add this to my current \"half-solution\" with mechanize.\n\nFor now, I have decided to use either use Ghost.py or my own modification of the PySide\/PyQT Webkit (how ghost works) to evaluate the javascript, as apparently they can run quite fast if you optimize them to not download images and disable the GUI.\nHopefully others will find this list useful!","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,screen-scraping,eval","A_Id":16385053,"CreationDate":"2013-05-04T14:16:00.000","Title":"Evaluate javascript on a local html file (without browser)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In the client side is possible close the socket with connection.close(), but its possible close it from the server side?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":115,"Q_Id":16390603,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Since the socket exists on the client you would have to send a close command from the server to the client","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,channel-api","A_Id":16394921,"CreationDate":"2013-05-06T00:42:00.000","Title":"Close GAE channel from server side Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to log in a forum using Python\/URLLib2. But I can't seem to succeed. I think it might be because there are several form objects in the login page, and I submit the incorrect one (the same code worked for a different forum, with a single form).\nIs there a way to specify which form to submit in URLLib2?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":16392113,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"9000 said: \"I'd try to sniff\/track a real exchange between browser and the site; both Chrome and FF have tools for that. I'd also consider using mechanize instead of raw urrlib2\"\nThis is the answer - mechanize is really easy to use and supports multiple forms.\nThanks!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web","A_Id":16397349,"CreationDate":"2013-05-06T04:46:00.000","Title":"python urllib2 - login and specify a form in page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working with socket, asynchronous event-driven programming. I would like to send a message, once I receive a response, send another message. But I may be doing something besides listening. That is, I want to get interrupted when socket.recv() actually receives a message. \nQuestion 1: How can I let layer 3 interrupt layer 4? i.e. How can I handle the event of a non-null returning socket.recv() without actually dedicating \"program time\" to actually wait for a specific time to listen to incoming messages?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":110,"Q_Id":16392909,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In asynchronous programming you don't interrupt an operation triggered by a message. All operations should be done in a short and fast fashion so you can process lots of messages per second. This way every operation is atomic and you don't suffer any race conditions so easily.\nIf you are in need to do more complex processing in parallel you could hand those problems over to a helper thread. Libraries like twisted are prepared for such use cases.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-2.7,event-handling","A_Id":16399317,"CreationDate":"2013-05-06T06:09:00.000","Title":"Python: Interrupting sender with incoming messages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Python to gather some information, construct a very simple html page, save it locally and display the page in my browser using webbrowser.open('file:\/\/\/c:\/testfile.html'). I check for new information every minute. If the information changes, I rewrite the local html file and would like to reload the displayed page.\nThe problem is that webbrowser.open opens a new tab in my browser every time I run it.  How do I refresh the page rather than reopen it?  I tried new=0, new=1 and new=2, but all do the same thing. Using controller() doesn't work any better.\nI suppose I could add something like < META HTTP-EQUIV=\"refresh\" CONTENT=\"60\" > to the < head > section of the html page to trigger a refresh every minute whether or not the content changed, but would prefer finding a better way.\nExact time interval is not important.\nPython 2.7.2, chrome 26.0.1410.64 m, Windows 7 64.","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":66470,"Q_Id":16399355,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The LivePage extension for Chrome. You can write to a file, then LivePage will monitor it for you. You can also optionally refresh on imported content like CSS. Chrome will require that you grant permissions on local file:\/\/ urls.\n(I'm unaffiliated with the project.)","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,html,refresh","A_Id":52434003,"CreationDate":"2013-05-06T13:01:00.000","Title":"Refresh a local web page using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to get a Python script working, that is using xml.dom (not xml.dom.minidom).\nI'm working on a new install of Python 2.7 for Windows, and xml.dom doesn't have a DOMImplementation or a DocumentType.\nIs there some additional module I need to install?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":452,"Q_Id":16406102,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Sorry to bother everybody.\nOn further examination, it turns out that the code I was trying to get working simply doesn't work. In essence, it was an attempt to write a SOAP client using Python's xml.dom and httplib modules - and it was simply done wrong.\nI'm scrapping his code, and writing a proper SOAP client.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7","A_Id":16408496,"CreationDate":"2013-05-06T19:48:00.000","Title":"from xml.dom import DOMImplementation, DocumentType","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to run Selenium's Firefox webdriver and am getting the error below. I can see that the response does not have a sessionId - the offending line is self.session_id = response['sessionId'] - but I don't know why. I've run this in the following ways and get the same error: \n\nCygwin, running nosetests \nCygwin directly\nWindows, running nosetests\nWindows directly\n\n\n    ----------------------------------------------------------------------\n    Traceback (most recent call last):\n      File \"C:\\dev\\tools\\cygwin\\home\\207013288\\dev\\projects\\scorpion\\test\\unit\\test_\n    approve_workflows.py\", line 27, in test_login\n        'password', userid='207013288', test=True)\n      File \"C:\\dev\\tools\\cygwin\\home\\207013288\\dev\\projects\\scorpion\\src\\workflows.p\n    y\", line 20, in login\n        browser = webdriver.Firefox()\n      File \"C:\\dev\\sdks\\Python33\\lib\\site-packages\\selenium-2.32.0-py3.3.egg\\seleniu\n    m\\webdriver\\firefox\\webdriver.py\", line 62, in __init__\n        desired_capabilities=capabilities)\n      File \"C:\\dev\\sdks\\Python33\\lib\\site-packages\\selenium-2.32.0-py3.3.egg\\seleniu\n    m\\webdriver\\remote\\webdriver.py\", line 72, in __init__\n        self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)\n      File \"C:\\dev\\sdks\\Python33\\lib\\site-packages\\selenium-2.32.0-py3.3.egg\\seleniu\n    m\\webdriver\\remote\\webdriver.py\", line 116, in start_session\n        self.session_id = response['sessionId']\n    nose.proxy.KeyError: 'sessionId'\n    -------------------- >> begin captured logging << --------------------\n    selenium.webdriver.remote.remote_connection: DEBUG: POST http:\/\/127.0.0.1:63801\/\n    hub\/session {\"sessionId\": null, \"desiredCapabilities\": {\"version\": \"\", \"browserN\n    ame\": \"firefox\", \"platform\": \"ANY\", \"javascriptEnabled\": true}}\n    --------------------- >> end captured logging << ---------------------\n\nI haven't used Selenium before and I'm not sure where to go from here.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6072,"Q_Id":16448772,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"MAC OSX SOLUTION\nI'm using Python 2.7 and FireFox 48.0.2 and Chrome Versie 57.0.2987.98 (64-bit).\nThe error *self.session_id = response['sessionId']* for me was solved by going to System preferences -> Network -> Advanced in the Wifi Tab. -> Proxy's -> Turning \"Automatic Proxydetection\" on. \nAfter changing this, the error no longer occurred.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,windows,firefox,selenium,cygwin","A_Id":42851688,"CreationDate":"2013-05-08T19:32:00.000","Title":"Why doesn't Selenium's response have a sessionId?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am not sure if this question belongs here as it may be a little to broad. If so, I apologize. Anyway, I am planning to start a project in python and I am trying to figure out how best to implement it, or if it is even possible in any practical way. The system will consist of several \"nodes\" that are essentially python scripts that translate other protocols for talking to different kinds of hardware related to i\/o, relays to control stuff, inputs to measure things, rfid-readers etc, to a common protocol for my system. I am no programming or network expert, but this part I can handle, I have a module from an old alarm system that uses rs-485 that I can sucessfully control and read. I want to get the nodes talking to eachother over the network so I can distribute them to different locations (on the same subnet for now). The obvious way would be to use a server that they all connect to so they can be polled and get orders to flip outputs or do something else. This should not be too hard using twisted or something like it. \nThe problem with this is that if this server for some reason stops working, everything else does too. I guess what I would like is some kind of serverless communication, that has no single point of failure besides the network itself. Message brokers all seem to require some kind of server, and I can not really find anything else that seems suitable for this. All nodes must know the status of all other nodes as I will need to be able to make functions based on the status of things connected to other nodes, such as, do not open this door if that door is already open. Maybe this could be done by multicast or broadcast, but that seems a bit insecure and just not right. One way I thought of could be to somehow appoint one of the nodes to accept connections from the other nodes and act as a message router and arrange for some kind of backup so that if this node crashes or goes away, another predetermined node takes over and the other nodes connect to it instead. This seems complicated and I am not sure this is any better than just using a message broker.\nAs I said, I am not sure this is an appropriate question here but if anyone could give me a hint to how this could be done or if there is something that does something similar to this that I can study. If I am beeing stupid, please let me know that too :)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":438,"Q_Id":16452913,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are messaging systems that don't require a central message broker. You might start by looking at ZeroMQ.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":16453432,"CreationDate":"2013-05-09T01:29:00.000","Title":"Serverless communication between network nodes in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In Python I have been playing around with server sockets that listen for messages, and client socket connections that send the data to the server.\nAm i correct in thinking that the server\/client python programs that utilize the socket module span layers 5 (session),6(presentation) and 7(application)? I think of the python code that utilizes sockets as presenting data, managing sessions and creating sockets using transport protocols such as tcp or udp.\nIs my understanding\/thinking correct?\nThank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1025,"Q_Id":16490795,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Yes, that's correct.  \nNote that the OSI model is not commonly used in practice.  More typically, you see the Internet Reference model, which compresses the OSI layers 5, 6, and 7 into a single layer called the Application Layer.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,osi","A_Id":16491016,"CreationDate":"2013-05-10T21:02:00.000","Title":"Python program sending data via sockets, what OSI layers?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently using Selenium to run instances of Chrome to test web pages. Each time my script runs, a clean instance of Chrome starts up (clean of extensions, bookmarks, browsing history, etc). I was wondering if it's possible to run my script with Chrome extensions. I've tried searching for a Python example, but nothing came up when I googled this.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52452,"Q_Id":16511384,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I also needed to add an extention to chrome while using selenium. What I did was first open the browser using selenium then add extention to the browser in the normal way like you would do in google chrome.","Q_Score":24,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":61971091,"CreationDate":"2013-05-12T19:49:00.000","Title":"Using Extensions with Selenium (Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Okay, please don't kill me for asking this. \nI'm currently developing a 2D online multiplayer platformer shooter. Yeah, it's that cool. I have most of the game written with a couple of bugs and unoptimized, but I'm stuck when it comes to networking. I used PyGame, and so I tried using a bunch of Python libraries for networking. You name it, I think that I've looked at all the primary ones. \nHere are some\nPyEnet - thought it had internal congestion control, ugh\nMasterMind - not asynchronous \nPodSixNet - is this even UDP?\nLegume - currently stuck with the server giving me an exception, waiting for a response at the mailing list. Looks absolutely gorgeous otherwise.\nCan't remember all the other ones I tried.\nAnyways, what I need is UDP (trust me, I need UDP) and another reliable protocol for chat, masterserver, new player info, and all packets I can't afford to lose. I read somewhere that TCP and UDP used simultaneously wasn't a good idea, so I tried finding reliable UDP implementations in Python, therefore all my wandering about with these obscure libraries. Along the way I've learned to fool around with sockets myself, so I have two clear paths.\n1) When people asked if UDP and TCP together were a bad idea, maybe they meant that they would use the same port for both protocols. How bad is it if I use two different ports? The TCP part will be idle most of the time, anyways, maybe 0-20 packets per 10 sec for a busy server.\n2) Write my own reliable UDP. Ugh, it's what I was hiding from. If all fails, I guess I'll need to do that.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1137,"Q_Id":16513269,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"In short, yes. I use Python\/Scapy to test network equipments all the time. I am assuming you will be using Threads for the two separate communication channels. If your CPU can handle it there is no reason why you cannot do this, and of course the amount of traffic generated by network games are usually not enough to significantly utilize modern day CPUs.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,udp","A_Id":16514349,"CreationDate":"2013-05-13T00:06:00.000","Title":"Python networking with UDP for action games","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to use the library requests to make two HTTP-requests within a session.\nHowever I don't know whether the IP adresses will be the same for both HTTP-requests (within that session).\nCan you tell me whether it will use the same IP (important for me) or whether Tor will use two different Exit-nodes?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":180,"Q_Id":16519231,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If I remember, Tor changes routes after some pre-specified number of minutes. I'm tempted to say that the time period is 10 minutes, but I'm not entirely certain. Either way, so long as those two requests are made within that time-frame they'll have the same IP address.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,python-2.6,python-requests,tor","A_Id":16529177,"CreationDate":"2013-05-13T09:53:00.000","Title":"Make 2 HTTP-requests in a session through Tor with the same exit-node","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there an API call for opening, reading and writing to text files on an Android device using SL4A and Python?\nIf not, what options are available for persistent storage? \ne.g. database, preferences, dropbox, google drive.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1062,"Q_Id":16522493,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Ok, so I was silly to look for a droid command to write files.\nThe standard Python open, write, read, close commands work fine.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"android,python,sl4a","A_Id":16633755,"CreationDate":"2013-05-13T12:49:00.000","Title":"Writing to file with SL4A Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working on a Python project, currently using Django, which does quite a bit of NLP work in a form post process. I'm using the NLTK package, and profiling my code and experimenting I've realised that the majority of the time the code takes is performing the import process of NLTK and various other packages. My question is, is there a way I can have this server start up, do these imports and then just wait for requests, passing them to a function that uses the already imported packages? This would be much faster and less wasteful than performing such imports on every request. If anybody has any ideas to avoid importing large packages on every request, it'd be great if you could help me out!\nThanks,\nCallum","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":216,"Q_Id":16532314,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Django, under most deployment mechanism, does not import modules for every request. Even the development server only reloads code when it changes. I don't know how you're verifying that all the imports are re-run each time, but that certainly shouldn't be happening.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,import,request,nlp","A_Id":16538939,"CreationDate":"2013-05-13T22:39:00.000","Title":"Python - Can a web server avoid imporing for every request?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to check if a certain tweet is a reply to the tweet that I sent. Here is how I think I can do it:\nStep1: Post a tweet and store id of posted tweet\nStep2: Listen to my handle and collect all the tweets that have my handle in it\nStep3: Use tweet.in_reply_to_status_id to see if tweet is reply to the stored id\nIn this logic, I am not sure how to get the status id of the tweet that I am posting in step 1. Is there a way I can get it? If not, is there another way in which I can solve this problem?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1649,"Q_Id":16574746,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What one could do, is get the last nth tweet from a user, and then get the tweet.id of the relevant tweet. This can be done doing:\nlatestTweets = api.user_timeline(screen_name = 'user', count = n, include_rts = False)\nI, however, doubt that it is the most efficient way.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":16589445,"CreationDate":"2013-05-15T20:51:00.000","Title":"How to get id of the tweet posted in tweepy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So i've been looking around trying to figure out how i could extract some specific data such as just the text, and push that data into a program that organizes the data. \nSo if you took homedepot.com for example and wanted to extract from each item listed under \"2x4 wood\" and from each item you are needing to grab the name, the description, and the specifications and import that data into a piece of software that contains this data? \nSo I guess that would be something like an automated data entry? \nFrom what I've researched I'd need to write a crawler program that is designed to search a specific term and then crawl each and every page that the result returns and grab the data that I need. \nHowever I have a bit of a problem: I don't really know any programming\/scripting and am unsure where to start. I found something called Scrapy which is based off of Python. Is this what I want to use for the crawler? \nThe next issue I have is the fact that I have no clue on how to now import the data gathered into the software? Any tips on where I should look to find this answer?\nI want to use this idea that I have to help me learn how to script.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":225,"Q_Id":16578545,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well you should probably start by learning the language in general it would make it alot easier to do\nbut for the Web stuff you can use something called urllib and urllib2 these can open up the browser to get the data without actually opening the window \nalso there are a few automated web browsers like selenium which actually opens the window \nthere are many others you can look through on the internet \nbut that's only the web browser automation then you have to actually obtain the information and data you want for this you need something like scrapy like you said or beautifulsoup these go through the source code and pick out the information you want\nsince i don't exactly know what you want its kind of hard to explain but i hope this gives you somewhere to start \nbut like i said you should probably learn basic python and that would help alot \nI hope this helps!!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-crawler","A_Id":16578621,"CreationDate":"2013-05-16T03:30:00.000","Title":"Need to extract data from website and push to a program","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wanted to use urllib2 for python 3, but I don't think it's available in such name.\nI use urllib.request, is there another way to use urllib2?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4670,"Q_Id":16634773,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The urllib2 module has been split across several modules in Python 3.0 \n      named urllib.request and urllib.error. The 2to3 tool will automatically \n      adapt imports when converting your sources to 3","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web","A_Id":16634850,"CreationDate":"2013-05-19T12:44:00.000","Title":"Using urllib2 for Python3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Unfortunately I am newbie with beautifulsoup and urllib so I  might not even ask correctly what I need..\nThere is a website www.example.com\nI need to extract some data from this website which displays a random message.\nThe problem is the message is displayed after the user presses a button, otherwise it shows a general message like \"press the button to see the message\".\nAfter searching stackoverflow I realised that probably there is NO way to change the variables by calling with my browser the url like this.. www.example.com\/?showRandomMsg='true'\nIn some threads I read that maybe I can do it with bookmarlets..\nIs there anyway to use bookmarklets with beautifulsoup or urllib in order to access the website and make it display a random message?\nThanks in advance! :D","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":169,"Q_Id":16637879,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I came back after a long time just to answer quickly my own question..\nI found many solutions and tutorials on the web and most of them were suggesting using Selenium and xpath but this method was more complex than I needed..\nSo I ended up using Selenium ONLY for emulating the Browser (firefox in my case) and grabbing the html after the page was loaded completely.\nAfter that I was still using beautifoulsoup to parse the html code (whihc now would include the javascript data too).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,beautifulsoup,urllib2","A_Id":23974667,"CreationDate":"2013-05-19T18:12:00.000","Title":"Cannot scrape with beautifulsoup and urllib because of javascript variable","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an application that creates many thousands of graphs in memory per second. I wish to find a way to persist these for subsequent querying. They aren't particularly large (perhaps max ~1k nodes).\nI need to be able to store the entire graph object including node attributes and edge attributes. I then need to be able to search for graphs within specific time windows based on a time attribute in a node.\nIs there a simple way to coerce this data into neo4j ? I've yet to find any examples of this. Though I have found several python libs including an embedded neo4j and a rest client. \nIs the common approach to manually traverse the graph and store it in that manner?\nAre there any better persistence alternatives?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1778,"Q_Id":16639770,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"networkx supports flexible container structures (eg arbitrary combinations of py lists and dicts) in both nodes and edges.\nAre there restrictions on the Neo4j side to persist such flexible data?","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,neo4j,networkx,directed-graph","A_Id":71859666,"CreationDate":"2013-05-19T21:44:00.000","Title":"Python networkx and persistence (perhaps in neo4j)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I\u2019m writing a cherrypy application that needs to redirect to a particular page and I use HTTPRedirect(\u2018mynewurl\u2019, status=303) to achieve this.  This works inasmuch as the browser (Safari) redirects to \u2018mynewurl\u2019 without asking the user.  However, when I attempt to unit test using nosetests with assertInBody(), I get a different result; assertInBody reports that \u2018This resource can be found at mynewurl\u2019 rather than the actual contents of \u2018mynewurl\u2019.  My question is how can I get nosetests to behave in the same way as a Safari, that is, redirecting to a page without displaying an \u2018ask\u2019 message?\nThanks\nKevin","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":190,"Q_Id":16652406,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"With python unit tests, you are basically testing the server. And the correct response from server is the redirect exception and not the redirected page itself. I would recommend you testing this behaviour in two steps:\n\ntest if the first page\/url throws correctly initialized (code, url) HTTPRedirect exception\ntest contents of the second page (on which is being redirected)\n\nBut of course, if you insist, you can resolve the redirect in Try\/Except by yourself by inspecting the exception attributes and calling testing method on target url again.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cherrypy,nose,nosetests","A_Id":16652717,"CreationDate":"2013-05-20T15:01:00.000","Title":"Unit testing Cherrypy HTTPRedirect.","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been into scraping websites data using Python Scrapy although I have a strong experience in PHP cURL. I don't know which is better for scraping data and manipulating the returned values and the speed and the memory usage.\nAnd what is (yield) function in Python Scrapy supposed to do?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1634,"Q_Id":16655681,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Scrapy is a framework. You can define pipelines and systematic ways of crawling a URL; cURL is simply boiler plate code to query a page or download files over a protocol like HTTP. \nIf you are building an extensive scraping system or project, Scrapy is probably a better bet. Otherwise for hacky or one time things, cURL is hard to beat (or if you are constrained to PHP).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,scrapy","A_Id":16659313,"CreationDate":"2013-05-20T18:13:00.000","Title":"PHP cURL vs Python Scrapy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a python script to do some screen scraping of a public website. This is going fine, until I want to interact with an AJAX-implemented tree control. Evidently, there is a large amount of javascript controlling the AJAX requests. It seems that the tree control is a JBoss RichFaces RichTree component.\nHow should I interact with this component programatically? \n\nAre there any tricks I should know about? \nShould I try an implement a subset of the RichFaces AJAX?  \nOr would I be better served wrapping some code around an existing web-browser? If so, is there a python library that can help with this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":601,"Q_Id":16661801,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You need to make the AJAX calls from your client to the server and interpret the data. Interpreting the AJAX data is easier and less error-prone than scraping HTML any way. \nAlthough it can be a bit tricky to figure out the AJAX API if it isn't documented. A network sniffer tool like wireshark can be helpful there, there may also be useful plugins for your browser to do the same nowadays. I haven't needed to do that for years. :-)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ajax,jboss,richfaces,screen-scraping","A_Id":16662103,"CreationDate":"2013-05-21T03:48:00.000","Title":"How can I programmatically interact with a website that uses an AJAX JBoss RichTree component?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"As the title says, can client A connect to client B on different machines, when the server is on the same machine with client B ?\nNote that the client B and server on the machine have different port numbers.\nAnd client B acts like a server i.e. it also listen for clients, but client A must first handshake with the server and then with client B. Is this possible? Thank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":49,"Q_Id":16700381,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The criteria that determine uniqueness (for connectivity) are:\n\nIP Address\nProtocol\nPort\n\nThus, if A and B have different IP addresses, they all use TCP, but B's server has a different port than B's client, then, all other things being equal, they should all be reachable.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,client-server","A_Id":16700468,"CreationDate":"2013-05-22T19:46:00.000","Title":"can peer A connect to peer B if server is on peer B?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there an API which allows me to send a notification to Google Hangout? Or is there even a python module which encapsulates the Hangout API?\nI would like to send system notification (e.g. hard disk failure reports) to a certain hangout account. Any ideas, suggestions?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":9293,"Q_Id":16712834,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Hangouts does not currently have a public API.\nThat said, messages delivered to the Google Talk XMPP server (talk.google.com:5222) are still being delivered to users via Hangouts. This support is only extended to one-on-one conversations, so the notification can't be delivered to a group of users. The messages will need to be supplied through an authenticated Google account in order to be delivered.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,notifications,google-plus,hangout","A_Id":16721015,"CreationDate":"2013-05-23T11:32:00.000","Title":"send google hangout notification using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to work with Python 2.7 in eclipse on my Mac, I don't belive that I have ever messed with the source files, but when I try to import urllib, urllib2 or random it tells me that it can't find them. I used the eclipse autoconfig-ed 2.7 interpreter so I have no idea what happened to the modules. How can I find it so that I can include it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":130,"Q_Id":16719307,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Please check that Eclipse has the right PYTHONPATH environmental variables.  Open a python interactive interpreter in a shell and try importing the same urllib, urllib2 and random modules.  If that works, then Eclipse might be configured wrong.  If you can't access those modules, then you should consider fixing your PYTHONPATH.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7","A_Id":16719393,"CreationDate":"2013-05-23T16:32:00.000","Title":"Python2.7 Modules Missing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using bottle to write a very simple backend API that will allow me to check up on an ongoing process remotely. I'm the only person who will ever use this service\u2014or rather, I would very much like to be the only person to use this service. It's a very simple RESTish API that will accept GET requests on a few endpoints.\nI've never really done any development for the web, and I wanted to do something as simple as is reasonable. Even this is probably an undue level of caution. Anyway, my very-very-basic idea was to use https on the server, and to authenticate with basically a hard-coded passkey. It would be stored in plaintext on the server and the client, but if anyone has access to either of those then I have a different problem.\nIs there anything glaringly wrong about this approach?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":385,"Q_Id":16723782,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are using password authentication you need to store the password in the server so you can validate the password you send from the client is Ok.\nIn your particular case you will be using basic authentication, as you want the simplest. Basic authentication over HTTP\/HTTPS encodes the password with base64 but that's not a protection measure. Base64 is a two way encoding, you can encode and decode a chunk of data and you need no secret to do it. The purpose of Base64 encoding is codify any kind of data, even binary data, as a string.\nWhen you enter the password and send it over HTTPS, the HTTPS tunel avoids anyone from seeing your password.\nOther problem comes if someone gets access to your server and reads the password \"copy\" that you are using to check if the entered password was valid. The best way to protect is hashing it. A hash is a one way codification system. This means anyone can hash a password, but you can not unhash a chunk of data to discover the password. The only way to break a hashed password is by brute force. I'll recommend using MD5 or SHA hashes. \nSo to make it simple. The client uses http\/https basic authentication, so you'll encode your  password in base64. Pass it through a header, not the URL. The server will contain a hased copy of the password either on databse or wherever you want.  The backend code will recibe the http request, get the passowrd, base64 decode it and then hash it. Once hashed, you will check if its equal to the copy stored in the server.\nThis is it. Hope it helps!","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,rest,ssl,bottle","A_Id":16724489,"CreationDate":"2013-05-23T20:59:00.000","Title":"very, very simple web authentication for personal use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I 've develooped a basic custom browser with CEF (Chromium Embedded Framework) Python . This browser is meant to run into an interactive kiosk with windows 8. It has a multi-touch screen for all user interactions.\nIf I run Google Chrome on the machine, the multi-touch gestures (scroll and virtual keyboard) are supported.\nUnfortunately my CEF browser doesn't have detect any multi-touch event. How can I fix it? ANy pointer is welcomed.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":652,"Q_Id":16737962,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The problem was fixed by using CEF3 rather than CEF1","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,windows-8,multi-touch,chromium-embedded","A_Id":16913113,"CreationDate":"2013-05-24T14:58:00.000","Title":"How to add multitouch support for ChromeEmbeddedFramework browser on windows 8?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using the python unit testing library (unittest) with selenium webdriver. I am trying to find an element by it's name. About half of the time, the tests throw a NoSuchElementException and the other time it does not throw the exception. \nI was wondering if it had to do with the selenium webdriver not waiting long enough for the page to load.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9188,"Q_Id":16739319,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to have a waitUntil (your element loads). If you are sure that your element will eventually appear on the page, this will ensure that what ever validations will only occur after your expected element is loaded.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":34998411,"CreationDate":"2013-05-24T16:11:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver - NoSuchElementExceptions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is a strange API I need to work with. \nI want to make a HTTP call to the API and the API will return success but I need to wait for request from this API before I respond to the client. \nWhat is the best way to accomplish that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":104,"Q_Id":16749084,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is it an option to make your API REST-ful?\nAn example flow: Have the client POST to a url to create a new resource and GET\/HEAD for the state of that resource, that way you don't need to block your client while you do any blocking stuff.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tornado","A_Id":16749274,"CreationDate":"2013-05-25T11:30:00.000","Title":"Listen for http request in the body of RequestHandler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I frequently use lxml module in Python to scrape data from some web sites, and I'm comfortable with the module generally. However, when I try to scrape, at times I encounter lxml.etree.XMLSyntaxError: AttValue: \" or ' expected error on etree.fromstring() call, but don't usually. I can't clarify how often I see that error, but I think one out of thousands or even tens of thousands times, I encounter the error. When I run the exactly same script immediately after the error occurred and the script stopped, I don't see the error and the script runs well as expected. Why does it spit out an ocasional error? Is there any way to deal with the issue? I have the similar problem when I instantiate urllib2.urlopen() function, but since I haven't seen the error from urllib2 recently, I can't write the exact error message coming from it right now.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1316,"Q_Id":16765257,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I also had the problem that lxml's iterparse() would occasionally throw an AttValue: ' expected in a very unpredictable pattern. I knew that the XML I'm sending in is valid and rerunning the same script would often make it work (or fail at an entirely different point).\nIn the end, I managed to create a test case that I could rerun and it would immediately either complete or raise an AttValue error in a seemingly random outcome. Here's what I did wrong:\nMy input to iterparse() was a file-like object I wrote myself (I'm processing an HTTP response stream from requests, but it has to be ungzipped first). When writing the read() method, I cheated and ignored the size argument. Instead, I would just unzip a chunk of compressed bytes of a fixed size and return whatever byte sequence this decompressed to\u2014often much more than the 32k lxml requests!\nI suspect that this caused buffer overflows somewhere inside lxml, which led to the above issues. As soon as I stopped returning more bytes than lxml requested, these random errors would go away.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,urllib2,lxml,elementtree","A_Id":24978950,"CreationDate":"2013-05-27T01:23:00.000","Title":"Why does lxml spit out an error at times (but not usual) in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My question I guess is: Is this possible without shelling out to command line and without 3rd party Python packages? I can't seem to find any native Python commands to manipulate or configure a wireless network connection. I know there are already built-in 'netsh wlan' commands in Windows 7, but would rather this all be in python. I am also confused by the logistics of this operation. With the netsh stuff, you still are required to have a wireless profile xml file specified in the command. My current image doesn't have any wireless profiles and I do not really understand the purpose of that if you are connecting to a brand new network. Why is this not automatically generated when you connect?\n\nA little bit about the network\nNetwork type: Infrastructure\nAuthentication: WPA2-Enterprise\nEncryption: CCMP\n\nThe ultimate goal is to have a script that my users can just launch, put in their credentials, and never see the multiple Windows dialogues while doing so. I'm not asking for someone to write this for me. That's what I'm suppose to do. I just need to know if anyone has successfully done something like this in strictly Python or point me in the right direction. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1246,"Q_Id":16794850,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No.  Python standard library doesn't ship with any functionality to control platform-specific functionality like wireless adapters.  You have to invoke the tools shipped with the platform, find some 3rd party libraries that control this functionality, or write your own such libraries.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,security,networking,windows-7,wifi","A_Id":16797510,"CreationDate":"2013-05-28T14:38:00.000","Title":"Simple Python program to connect to a secure wifi network with user input credentials","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Has anyone found a method for executing their .py files from the Robot Framework like you can for JS? \nRobotFramework: \n\nExecutes the given JavaScript code.\ncode may contain multiple statements and the return value of last\n  statement is returned by this keyword.\ncode may be divided into multiple cells in the test data. In that\n  case, the parts are catenated together without adding spaces.\nIf code is an absolute path to an existing file, the JavaScript to\n  execute will be read from that file. Forward slashes work as a path\n  separator on all operating systems. The functionality to read the code\n  from a file was added in SeleniumLibrary 2.5.\nNote that, by default, the code will be executed in the context of the\n  Selenium object itself, so this will refer to the Selenium object. Use\n  window to refer to the window of your application, e.g.\n  window.document.getElementById('foo').\nExample: Execute JavaScript   window.my_js_function('arg1', 'arg2')\n  Execute JavaScript    ${CURDIR}\/js_to_execute.js\n\nIt's bs that I can't run my .py files this way...","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":635,"Q_Id":16826304,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The Execute Javascript extension isn't a part of RobotFramework, it's something added by the Selenium integration, it would therefore follow that you can't use Selenium to execute a .py file.\nThat said, RobotFramework is written in Python and can obviously be extended with a Python script.\nCan you clear up what you're actually trying to achieve here though?\nMy concern is that if you're using a .py file in your test state to validate your code, isn't that introducing an uncertainty that means that what you're testing is not the same as the code that gets executed when you release your project?\nA bit more detail would help a lot here!","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,robotframework","A_Id":16847883,"CreationDate":"2013-05-30T00:59:00.000","Title":"Can Not execute Python .py file using RobotFramework like Javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to parse a SOAP Response (similar to XML) in Python? I have browsed through most of Stackoverflow solutions and they usually use minidom or ET functions parse() or parseString().\u00a0parse() takes a filename as input, while parseString() takes a string as input. However SOAP response type is HTTPResponse and hence I am always getting type mismatch error while using parse() or parseString(), so not sure how to parse the SOAP response in Python. I have also tried converting the HTTPResponse to string (failed), or using XML function (failed), or using response.read() function (failed).\nI have checked that the SOAP response is correct with valid XML. I am using SUDS to call the SOAP service.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1989,"Q_Id":16838198,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Ok the solution was just to cast it to a string using\n\nstr(response)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,soap,httpresponse,minidom","A_Id":16850655,"CreationDate":"2013-05-30T13:58:00.000","Title":"Parse SOAP Response in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently involved in a project where we performed some computer vision object recognition and classification using python. It is necessary to use photos taken from an Android phone (photos should be automatically sent from android to python). I actually don't know how should I connect both applications (android and python) together. I thought of using TCP Server, but I am new to socket programming and don't know how and where to start.\nAny one can help?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":780,"Q_Id":16867749,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"poof's answer is a good overview, but here are some notes on the various options:\nOption 1: Have your Android get the picture and do a HTTP POST to a Python application running a framework such as Django.  It should be 1 line of code on Android, and only a few lines of code on Python (around your existing code).\nThe upside is that the low-level \"Glue\" is written for you, and it scales easily. The downside is that HTTP has some overhead.\nOption 2: Have your Android talk a custom TCP protocol to a custom TCP application.\nThis is more work, so you should avoid it unless you need it. It will be more efficient and have lower latency, especially if you're sending multiple pictures. The response can also be much smaller without HTTP headers.\nIn either option, you don't have to send a JPEG, you could send any custom format you want (there is a trade-off between compression on Android and size of file).\n\nI thought of using TCP Server, but I am new to socket programming and don't know how and where to start.\n\nStart where everyone else started - by reading a lot and playing a lot. You can find plenty of introductions to Socket programming in Python on the web. Go thru the tutorials, and start modifying them to see how they work.  Read up on TCP\/IP itself -- there are a lot of dark corners (Nagel, fragmentation, slow start) that can affect how you write the app when you get to a low level.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python,sockets,tcp","A_Id":16868676,"CreationDate":"2013-06-01T00:15:00.000","Title":"Tcp\/IP socket programming in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have created a python script that uses selenium to automate an online task. The script works perfect on my local machine (windows 7) and gives the output i am looking for. I am now trying to get it up and running from PHP on my hostmonster shared server which is running linux and having no luck. \nI have installed this version of selenium on both my win7 comp and the server:  pypi.python.org\/pypi\/selenium\nPython version: 2.7.5\nThe script i wrote gets the following error at \"import selenium\":ImportError: No module named selenium\nWhen i log into the server through ssh shell, i can type in \"import selenium\" and receive no errors. I can also type in \"from selenium import webdriver\" in the ssh shell and receive no errors.\nAny help\/guidance would be greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":238,"Q_Id":16881335,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"when i enter\nimport sys\nand then\nprint sys.path\ninto ssh shell I receive the following:\n['', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages\/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages\/mechanize-0.2.5-py2.7.egg', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages\/html2text-3.200.3-py2.7.egg', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages\/pip-1.3.1-py2.7.egg', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python27.zip', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7\/plat-linux2', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7\/lib-tk', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7\/lib-old', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7\/lib-dynload', '\/home2\/klickste\/python\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages']","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,selenium,hostmonster","A_Id":16975487,"CreationDate":"2013-06-02T09:08:00.000","Title":"Import selenium error on hostmonster shared linux server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have created a python script that uses selenium to automate an online task. The script works perfect on my local machine (windows 7) and gives the output i am looking for. I am now trying to get it up and running from PHP on my hostmonster shared server which is running linux and having no luck. \nI have installed this version of selenium on both my win7 comp and the server:  pypi.python.org\/pypi\/selenium\nPython version: 2.7.5\nThe script i wrote gets the following error at \"import selenium\":ImportError: No module named selenium\nWhen i log into the server through ssh shell, i can type in \"import selenium\" and receive no errors. I can also type in \"from selenium import webdriver\" in the ssh shell and receive no errors.\nAny help\/guidance would be greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":238,"Q_Id":16881335,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I have resolved the issue. I used the following command to install selenium outside of the python folder.\neasy_install --prefix=$HOME\/.local\/ selenium\nI also added these lines at the bottom of my .bashrc file located in my home directory\nexport PYTHONPATH=$HOME\/.local\/lib\/python\/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH\nexport PYTHONPATH=$HOME\/.local\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH\nexport PATH=$HOME\/.local\/bin:$PATH","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,selenium,hostmonster","A_Id":16991512,"CreationDate":"2013-06-02T09:08:00.000","Title":"Import selenium error on hostmonster shared linux server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a back end that will handle requests from web apps and mobile device apps.\nI am trying to decide if an TCP server is appropriate for this vs. Regular http GET and POST requests.\nUse case 1:\n1. Client on mobile device executes a search on the device for the word \"red\".\n\nWord sent to server (unclear wether JSON or TCP somehow) \nThe word red goes to the server and the server pulls all rows from a mysql db that have red as their color (this could be ~5000 results).\nAlternate step 2 (maybe TCP should make more sense here):  there is a hashmap built with the word red as the key and the value a pointer to an array of all the objects with the word red (I think this will be a faster look up time).\nData is sent to the phone (either JSON or some other way, not sure). I am unclear on this step.\nThe phone parses, etc...\n\nThere is a possibility that I may want to keep the array alive on the server until the user finishes the query (since they could continue to filter down results).\nBased on this example, what is the architecture I should be looking at?\nAny different way is highly appreciated.\nThank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":110,"Q_Id":16889768,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In your case I would use the HTTP because:\n\nYour service is stateless.\nIf you use TCP you will have problem scaling up your service (since every request will be directed to the server that establish the TCP connection ), this relate to that your service is stateless. In HTTP you just add more servers behind load balane\nFor TCP you will need to state some port which can be block due to firewall and ect' - you can use port 80\/8080 but I don't think this is good practice \nif you service were more like suggestion that change as the use typein his word you may want to use TCP\/HTTP Socket\nTCP is used for more long term connection - like Security system that report the state of the system every X seconds - which is not the case","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,ftp","A_Id":16889799,"CreationDate":"2013-06-03T03:51:00.000","Title":"Should I build a TCP server or use simple http messages for a back-end?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have some webpages where I'm collecting data over time.  I don't care about the content itself, just whether the page has changed.\nCurrently, I use Python's requests.get to fetch a page, hash the page (md5), and store that hash value to compare in the future.\nIs there a computationally cheaper or smaller-storage strategy for this?  Things work now; I just wanted to check if there's a better\/cheaper way. :)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":89,"Q_Id":16890209,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can keep track of the date of the last version you got and use the If-Modified-Since header in your request. However, some resources ignore that header. (In general it's difficult to handle it for dynamically-generated content.) In that case you'll have to fall back to less efficient method.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,hash,web-scraping","A_Id":16890397,"CreationDate":"2013-06-03T04:54:00.000","Title":"Efficient way to check whether a page changed (while storing as little info as possible)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have some webpages where I'm collecting data over time.  I don't care about the content itself, just whether the page has changed.\nCurrently, I use Python's requests.get to fetch a page, hash the page (md5), and store that hash value to compare in the future.\nIs there a computationally cheaper or smaller-storage strategy for this?  Things work now; I just wanted to check if there's a better\/cheaper way. :)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":89,"Q_Id":16890209,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A hash would be the most trustable source of change detection. I would use CRC32. It's only 32 bits as opposed to 128bits for md5. Also, even in browser Javascript it can be very fast. I have personal experience in improving the speed for a JS implementation of CRC32 for very large datasets.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,hash,web-scraping","A_Id":16890487,"CreationDate":"2013-06-03T04:54:00.000","Title":"Efficient way to check whether a page changed (while storing as little info as possible)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use the dropbox sdk for python. I installed a virtual enviroment and used pip install to install dropbox-sdk. When I try to run the example code (see below) I get a importerror client cannot be found, but if I try to do it from the interactive intreperter it works. So what am I doing wrong. APP key and secret key and acces_type ommitted.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":216,"Q_Id":16901130,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Update: I found the problem, i called my own file dropbox.py and in that file imported dropbox. I accidently imported my own file. Renamed my file and now it works.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,sdk,dropbox,importerror","A_Id":17679874,"CreationDate":"2013-06-03T16:07:00.000","Title":"Dropbox python sdk import error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a script that downloads a lot of fairly large (20MB+) files. I would like to be able to check if the copy I have locally is identical to the remote version. I realize I can just use a combination of date modified and length, but is there something even more accurate I can use (that is also available via paramiko) that I can use to ensure this? Ideally some sort of checksum?\nI should add that the remote system is Windows and I have SFTP access only, no shell access.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":614,"Q_Id":16901650,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I came with a similar scenario. the solution I currently take is to compare the remote file's size by using item.st_size for item in sftp.listdir_attr(remote_dir)  with the local file's size by using os.path.getsize(local_file). when the two files are around 1MB or smaller,this solution is fine. However, a weird thing might happen:  when the files are around 10MB or larger, the two size might differ slightly,e.g., one is 10000 Byte, another is 10003 Byte.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sftp,checksum,paramiko","A_Id":68450855,"CreationDate":"2013-06-03T16:41:00.000","Title":"Python + Paramiko - Checking whether two files are identical without downloading","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to build a fast web crawler, and as a result, I need an efficient way to locate all the links on a page. What is the performance comparison between a fast XML\/HTML parser like lxml and using regex matching?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1263,"Q_Id":16929149,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"You can use pyquery, a library for python that bring you functions from jquery.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,regex,html-parsing,web-crawler,lxml","A_Id":16933336,"CreationDate":"2013-06-04T23:31:00.000","Title":"Finding links fast: regex vs. lxml","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using latest dropzone.js, version 3.2.0. I downloaded the folder and have all files needed. Using latest Chrome.\nWhen i drop a file, dropzone sends it to the server, and i successfully save it, but nothing visual happens on the front end. \nI guess i'm missing something trivial. How to make dropzone show upload progress animation?\nAnother issue i have is that dropzone doesnt hide the div.fallback that contains fallback form.\nI thought those features supposed to work automatically.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1443,"Q_Id":16946659,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This sounds as if you didn't include the CSS files that come along with Dropzone.\nOr you didn't add the dropzone or dropzone-previews class to your form.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,dropzone.js","A_Id":17276082,"CreationDate":"2013-06-05T17:53:00.000","Title":"Dropzonejs - Doesn't show progress bar \/ complete status and doesnt hide fallback form","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If this is a stupid question, please don't mind me. But I spent some time trying to find the answer but I couldn't get anything solid. Maybe this is a hardware question, but I figured I'd try here first. \nDoes Serial Communication only work one to one? The reason this came up is because I had an arduino board listening for communication on its serial port. I had a python script feed bytes to the port as well. However, whenever I opened up the arduino's serial monitor, the connection with the python script failed. The serial monitor also connects to the serial port for communication for its little text input field.\nSo what's the deal? Does serial communication only work between a single client and a single server? Is there a way to get multiple clients writing to the server? I appreciate your suggestions.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1057,"Q_Id":16949369,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Edit:\nI forgot about RS-485, which 'jdr5ca' was smart enough to recommend.  My explanation below is restricted to RS-232, the more \"garden variety\" serial port.  As 'jdr5ca' points out, RS-485 is a much better alternative for the described problem.\nOriginal:\nTo expand on zmo's answer a bit, it is possible to share serial at the hardware level, and it has been done before, but it is rarely done in practice.\nLikewise, at the software driver level, it is again theoretically possible to share, but you run into similar problems as the hardware level, i.e. how to \"share\" the link to prevent collisions, etc.\nA \"typical\" setup would be two serial (hardware) devices attached to each other 1:1.  Each would run a single software process that would manage sending\/receiving data on the link.  \nIf it is desired to share the serial link amongst multiple processes (on either side), the software process that manages the link would also need to manage passing the received data to each reading process (keeping track of which data each process had read) and also arbitrate which sending process gets access to the link during \"writes\".\nIf there are multiple read\/write processes on each end of the link, the handshaking\/coordination of all this gets deep as some sort of meta-signaling arrangement may be needed to coordinate the comms between the process on each end.\nEither a real mess or a fun challenge, depending on your needs and how you view such things.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,serial-port,arduino,pyserial","A_Id":16951886,"CreationDate":"2013-06-05T20:35:00.000","Title":"Serial Communication one to one","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to scrape more than 64 results from google with python without getting my IP address instantly blocked?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":241,"Q_Id":16955325,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"64 result is the limit? Sounds weird to me!\nEven with browser, I can navigate till the 100th page with no problem.\nI'm very curious about how did you reach this limit.\nAnyway: classical possible solutions are:\n\nproxying ( IE: tor )\ndelaying requests \nrandomly switch user agent","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":16955453,"CreationDate":"2013-06-06T06:40:00.000","Title":"Scraping Google Results with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to scrape more than 64 results from google with python without getting my IP address instantly blocked?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":241,"Q_Id":16955325,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I use tsocks and ssh-tunnels to machines with other ip addresses to achieve this.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":16955450,"CreationDate":"2013-06-06T06:40:00.000","Title":"Scraping Google Results with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a >100,000 urls (different domains) in a list that I want to download and save in a database for further processing and tinkering.\nWould it be wise to use scrapy instead of python's multiprocessing \/ multithreading? If yes, how do I write a standalone script to do the same?\nAlso, feel free to suggest other awesome approaches that come to your mind.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1273,"Q_Id":16957276,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Scrapy is still an option.\n\nSpeed\/performance\/efficiency\n\nScrapy is written with Twisted, a popular event-driven networking\n  framework for Python. Thus, it\u2019s implemented using a non-blocking (aka\n  asynchronous) code for concurrency.\n\nDatabase pipelining\nYou mentioned that you want your data to be pipelined into the database - as you may know Scrapy has Item Pipelines feature:\n\nAfter an item has been scraped by a spider, it is sent to the Item\n  Pipeline which process it through several components that are executed\n  sequentially.\n\nSo, each page can be written to the database immediately after it has been downloaded.\nCode organization\nScrapy offers you a nice and clear project structure, there you have settings, spiders, items, pipelines etc separated logically. Even that makes your code clearer and easier to support and understand.\nTime to code\nScrapy does a lot of work for you behind the scenes. This makes you focus on the actual code and logic itself and not to think about the \"metal\" part: creating processes, threads etc.\n\nBut, at the same time, Scrapy might be an overhead. Remember that Scrapy was designed (and great at) to crawl, scrape the data from the web page. If you want just to download a bunch of pages without looking into them - then yes, grequests is a good alternative.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,multithreading,multiprocessing,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":16961651,"CreationDate":"2013-06-06T08:32:00.000","Title":"What is the best way to download  number of pages from a list of urls?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is this now possible using Google Drive API or should I just send a multiple requests to accomplish this task?\nBy the way I'm using Python 2.7","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":259,"Q_Id":16967509,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can batch your multiple deletes into a single HTTP request.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-drive-api","A_Id":20088100,"CreationDate":"2013-06-06T16:35:00.000","Title":"How to do a multiple folder removal in Google Drive API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using dropbox for one of my application where a user can connect their dropbox folders.\nUsage is such that a user can create links among the files of a folder and many more. But the problem is the moment when I stored the file information in my application, the file media information is stored with a key expires. So obviously I wont be able to use the link next time once the expiry time is met.\nOne way is to generate the media information every time the user is selecting a thumbnail from my application, as I already have metadata of the file.\nBut is there any other way (i.e by using python client or API) that I can make a folder public when a user selects it to connect with my application.\nAny help would be really appreciated.\nThanks in advance for your precious time.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":130,"Q_Id":16978169,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think the right thing to do is to generate a media link each time you need it.\nIs there a reason you don't like that solution?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,dropbox,dropbox-api","A_Id":16988885,"CreationDate":"2013-06-07T07:03:00.000","Title":"Can I make a dropbox folder public by using python client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to avoid running into \"Max number of clients reached\" errors with interfacing with a 3rd party Redis host from my Heroku app by limiting the number of connections held in the pool to an arbitrary amount of my choosing.\nIs that possible?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1957,"Q_Id":16994514,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think maybe you should keep your redis instance in the global, let all requests share the same redis instance, this should not cause too many connections anymore. The redis instance will have its own connection pool, you can limit your connection nums by set max_connections parameter to redis.ConnectionPool. If max_connections is set, then this object raises redis.ConnectionError when the pool's limit is reached.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,heroku,redis","A_Id":20607006,"CreationDate":"2013-06-07T23:48:00.000","Title":"limit number of connections to redis in py-redis","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to implement a UDP traceroute solution in Python 2.6, but I'm having trouble understanding why I need root privileges to perform the same-ish action as the traceroute utility that comes with my operating system.\nThe environment that this code will run in will very doubtfully have root privileges, so is it more likely that I will have to forego a python implementation and write something to parse the output of the OS traceroute in UDP mode? Or is there something I'm missing about opening a socket configured like self.rx = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.IPPROTO_UDP). It seems that socket.SOCK_RAW is inaccessible without root privileges which is effectively preventing me from consuming the data I need to implement this in python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1380,"Q_Id":17027970,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The conclusion I've come to is that I'm restricted to parsing the output of the traceroute using subprocess. traceroute is able to overcome the root-requirement by using setuid for portions of the code effectively allowing that portion of the code to run as root. Since I cannot establish those rights without root privileges I'm forced to rely on the existence of traceroute since that is the more probable of the two situations.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,permissions,udp,traceroute","A_Id":17045881,"CreationDate":"2013-06-10T15:54:00.000","Title":"Implementing UDP traceroute in Python without root","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a chat application that consists of a Django web backend with a Node.js\/socket.io powered chat server. There will be instances when changes made via the web interface (e.g. banning a user) need to be pushed immediately to the chat server. I can think of the following options:\n\nUse a Python-based socket.io client to interface directly with the server (what are some good Python clients?)\nUse redis or a message queue to do pub\/sub of events (seems like overkill)\nimplement a simple TCP wire protocol on a secondary localhost-only port (this could be done using the built-in Node and Python TCP libraries)\n\nWhat would be the best option?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":361,"Q_Id":17039873,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Expose a Restful API on the chat server.  Then your Django web application can easily make API calls to modify state in the chat server.\nDoing anything else is more complicated and most likely unnecessary.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,node.js,socket.io","A_Id":17039955,"CreationDate":"2013-06-11T08:44:00.000","Title":"Communicating with a Node.js server application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to create a server in Python 2.7.3 which sends data to all client connections whenever one client connection sends data to the server.  For instance, if client c3 sent \"Hello, world!\" to my server, I would like to then have my server send \"Hello, world!\" to client connections c1 and c2.  By client connections, I mean the communications sockets returned by socket.accept().  Note that I have tried using the asyncore and twisted modules, but AFAIK they do not support this.  Does anybody know any way to accomplish this?\nEDIT: I have seen Twisted, but I would much rather use the socket module.  Is there a way (possibly multithreading, possibly using select) that I can do this using the socket module?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108,"Q_Id":17087905,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can absolutely do this using Twisted Python.  You just accept the connections and set up your own handling logic (of course the library does not including built-in support for your particular communication pattern exactly, but you can't expect that).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp","A_Id":17088117,"CreationDate":"2013-06-13T13:09:00.000","Title":"How would I handle multiple sockets and send data between them in Python 2.7.3?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Selenium with Python to test a web application. The app has a Flash component that I'd like to test. The only references I've seen to using Selenium with Flash refer to Flash-Selenium which hasn't been updated in several years. Is testing Flash with Selenium even possible?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3667,"Q_Id":17094940,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As long as you have access to the flash source code it is possible (although it requires some work).  To do that you have to expose the flash actions you want to test using selenium.  This requires that you make the methods available in Flash to execute via Javascript.  Once you can do that, you should be able to automate the process with using selenium's ability to execute javascript.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,flash,selenium","A_Id":17096754,"CreationDate":"2013-06-13T19:00:00.000","Title":"Selenium\/Python\/Flash - How?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a website that extracts information from other websites and print them into my website, I am on research step, so I would like to hear some opinions and what's the best solution to this project?\nI have heard that Python using parser can do this I just want to know what's the path I should take and which language should I use?.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":314,"Q_Id":17099364,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Python with BeautifulSoup and Urllib2 will probably serve you well. Of course, it is questionable as to whether or not you should be scraping data from other websites and you might find yourself in a constant struggle if those websites change layouts.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,database,parsing,web-scraping","A_Id":17099503,"CreationDate":"2013-06-14T00:30:00.000","Title":"How can I get data from other websites?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a website that extracts information from other websites and print them into my website, I am on research step, so I would like to hear some opinions and what's the best solution to this project?\nI have heard that Python using parser can do this I just want to know what's the path I should take and which language should I use?.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":314,"Q_Id":17099364,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can write some web spiders to gather some data from other website.By using urllib2 or requests can help you download the html from the website.Beautiful or PyQuery can help you parse the html and get the data you want.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,database,parsing,web-scraping","A_Id":17100130,"CreationDate":"2013-06-14T00:30:00.000","Title":"How can I get data from other websites?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm designing a Python SSL server that needs to be able to handle up to a few thousand connections per minute. If a client doesn't send any data in a given period of time, the server should close their connection in order to free up resources.\nSince I need to check if each connection has expired, would it be more efficient to make the sockets non-blocking and check all the sockets for data in a loop while simultaneously checking if they've timed out, or would it be better to use select() to get sockets that have data and maintain some kind of priority queue ordered by the time data was received on a socket to handle connection timeout?\nAlternatively, is there a better method of doing this I haven't thought of, or are there existing libraries I could use that have the features I need?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":235,"Q_Id":17100293,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'd use a priority queue to keep track of who's been dormant.\nNotice, however, that you don't actually need a full-fledged priority queue if you only want to time out connections that have been inactive for a certain fixed amount of time.  You can use a linked list instead:\n\nThe linked list stores all of the sockets in sorted order by the last time activity was seen.\nWhen a socket receives data, you update a per-socket \"data last seen at\" member and move its list entry to the back of the list.\nPass select() the time until the head of the list expires.\nAt the end of an iteration of your select() loop, you pop off all of the expired list nodes (they're in sorted order) and close the connections.\n\nIt's important, if you want sockets to expire at the right time, to use a monotonic clock.  The list might lose its sorted order if the clock happens to go backward at some point.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,performance,sockets,loops,select","A_Id":17100500,"CreationDate":"2013-06-14T02:38:00.000","Title":"Connections with timeout: better to set sockets to non-blocking and loop through them or use select() and maintain a priority queue?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python and XMLBuilder, a module I downloaded off the internet (pypi). It returns an object, that works like a string (I can do print(x)) but when I use file.write(x) it crashes and throws an error in the XMLBuilder module. \nI am just wondering how I can convert the object it returns into a string? \nI have confirmed that I am writing to the file correctly.\nI have already tried for example x = y although, as I thought, it just creates a pointer, and also x=x+\" \" put I still get an error. It also returns an string like object with \"\\n\".\nAny help on the matter would be greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":165,"Q_Id":17136085,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm not quite sure what your question is, but print automatically calls str on all of it's arguments ...  So if you want the same output as print to be put into your file, then myfile.write(str(whatever)) will put the same text in myfile that print (x) would have put into the file (minus a trailing newline that print puts in there).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,string,types,type-conversion","A_Id":17136094,"CreationDate":"2013-06-16T17:51:00.000","Title":"Converting a string-like object into a string in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing my first Yum plugin, which I hope to use to display some info about the packages to be downloaded on an update or an install. I have successfully gotten the plugin to run and have it all set up properly. My problem is getting a list of packages that will be downloaded before the user accepts or cancels the transaction.\nThere is a method available in a certain conduit, the one provided to predownload_hook(conduit) and postdownload_hook(conduit), that can be called with conduit.getDownloadPackages() to do exactly what I want. However, both of these hooks are called after the user accepts or declines the transaction. According to the yum Python API docs, getDownloadPackages() is not available anywhere else.\nI have asked about this in #yum on Freenode a couple of times but haven't gotten an answer. A solution or any help is greatly appreciated. Have a good one.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":498,"Q_Id":17139217,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You want to use the postresolve_hook(), and walk the transaction list. To see a fairly simple copy and paste example look at the changelog plugin (displays the rpm changelog for everything to be installed\/upgraded in the transaction).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,yum","A_Id":17140290,"CreationDate":"2013-06-17T01:07:00.000","Title":"How can I use the yum Python module to get a list of packages that will be downloaded before accepting the transaction?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I serve arbitrary paths zope.browserrsource does for @@ and ++resource++ URIs in Zope?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":47,"Q_Id":17151693,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are two adapters needed for this. One adapts the ZODB context one wishes to use and zope.publisher.interfaces.IRequest, while providing zope.traversing.interfaces.ITraversable (view). The second adapts the previous objects instantiated view and zope.publisher.interfaces.browser.IBrowserRequest, while providing zope.publisher.interfaces.IPublishTraverse (traverser). I subclassed BrowserView for both adapters.\nInside the traverser, the publishTraverse method will be called successively for each URL part that is being traversed and returns a view for that URL part.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,zope","A_Id":17305631,"CreationDate":"2013-06-17T15:50:00.000","Title":"How can I serve arbitrary request paths?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'd like to write a script (preferably in python, but other languages is not a problem), that can parse what you type into a google search. Suppose I search 'cats', then I'd like to be able to parse the string cats and, for example, append it to a .txt file on my computer. \nSo if my searches were 'cats', 'dogs', 'cows' then I could have a .txt file like so,\ncats\ndogs\ncows\nAnyone know any APIs that can parse the search bar and return the string inputted? Or some object that I can cast into a string? \nEDIT: I don't want to make a chrome extension or anything, but preferably a python (or bash or ruby) script I can run in terminal that can do this. \nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":205,"Q_Id":17156844,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A few options you might consider, with their advantages and disadvantages:\n\nURL: \n\nadvantage: as Chris mentioned, accessing the URL and manually changing it is an option. It should be easy to write a script for this, and I can send you my perl script if you want\ndisadvantage: I am not sure if you can do it. I made a perl script for that before, but it didn't work because Google states that you can't use its services outside the Google interface. You might face the same problem\n\nGoogle's search API:\n\nadvantage: popular choice. Good documentation. It should be a safe choice\ndisadvantage: Google's restrictions.\n\nResearch other search engines:\n\nadvantage: they might not have the same restrictions as Google. You might find some search engines that let you play around more and have more freedom in general.\ndisadvantage: you're not going to get results that are as good as Google's","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-chrome","A_Id":24497812,"CreationDate":"2013-06-17T21:03:00.000","Title":"Parse what you google search","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am very much new to selenium WebDriver and I am trying to automate a page which has a button named \"Delete Log File\". Using FireBug I got to know that, the HTML is described as \n\nand also the css selector is defined as \"#DeleteLogButton\" using firepath\nhence I used \nbrowser.find_element_by_css_selector(\"#DeleteLogButton\").click() in webdriver to click on that button but its now working and also, I tried, \nbrowser.find_element_by_id(\"DeleteLogButton\").click() to click on that button. Even this did not find the solution for my problem...\nPlease help me out in resolving the issue.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":157,"Q_Id":17183068,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Most of the times im using By.xpath and it works specially if you use contains in your xpath. For example : \/\/*[contains(text(),'ABC')]\nThis will look for all the elements that contains string 'ABC'\nIn your case you can replace ABC with Delete Log File","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":17183255,"CreationDate":"2013-06-19T04:49:00.000","Title":"Unable to locate the element while using selenium-webdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Here is the situation:\nWe use Flask for a website application development.Also on the website sever, we host a RESTful service. And we use Flask-login for as the authentication tool, for BOTH the web application access and the RESTful service (access the Restful service from browsers).\nLater, we find that we need to, also, access the RESTful from client calls (python), so NO session and cookies etc. This gives us a headache regarding the current authentication of the RESTful service. \nOn the web, there exist whole bunch of ways to secure the RESTful service from client calls. But it seems no easy way for them to live together with our current Flask-login tool, such that we do not need to change our web application a lot.\nSo here are the question:\nIs there a easy way(framework) so the RESTful services can support multiple authentication methods(protocols) at the same time. Is this even a good practice?\nMany thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":527,"Q_Id":17219512,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So, you've officially bumped into one of the most difficult questions in modern web development (in my humble opinion): web authentication.\nHere's the theory behind it (I'll answer your question in a moment).\nWhen you're building complicated apps with more than a few users, particularly if you're building apps that have both a website AND an API service, you're always going to bump into authentication issues no matter what you're doing.\nThe ideal way to solve these problems is to have an independent auth service on your network. Some sort of internal API that EXCLUSIVELY handles user creation, editing, and deletion. There are a number of benefits to doing this:\n\nYou have a single authentication source that all of your application components can use: your website can use it to log people in behind the scenes, your API service can use it to authenticate API requests, etc.\nYou have a single service which can smartly managing user caching -- it's pretty dangerous to implement user caching all over the place (which is what typically happens when you're dealing with multiple authentication methods: you might cache users for the API service, but fail to cache them with the website, stuff like this causes problems).\nYou have a single service which can be scaled INDEPENDENTLY of your other components. Think about it this way: what piece of application data is accessed more than any other? In most applications, it's the user data. For every request user data will be needed, and this puts a strain on your database \/ cache \/ whatever you're doing. Having a single service which manages users makes it a lot nicer for you to scale this part of the application stack easily.\n\nOverall, authentication is really hard.\nFor the past two years I've been the CTO at OpenCNAM, and we had the same issue (a website and API service). For us to handle authentication properly, we ended up building an internal authentication service like described above, then using Flask-Login to handle authenticating users via the website, and a custom method to authenticate users via the API (just an HTTP call to our auth service).\nThis worked really well for us, and allowed us to scale from thousands of requests to billions (by isolating each component in our stack, and focusing on user auth as a separate service).\nNow, I wouldn't recommend this for apps that are very simple, or apps that don't have many users, because it's more hassle than it's worth.\nIf you're looking for a third party solution, Stormpath looks pretty promising (just google it).\nAnyhow, hope that helps! Good luck.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,authentication,client,restful-authentication","A_Id":21565425,"CreationDate":"2013-06-20T16:59:00.000","Title":"Flask login together with client authentication methods for RESTful service","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Selenium with PhantomJS as the webdriver in order to render webpages using Python.\nThe pages are on my local drive.\nI need to save a screenshot of the webpages.\nRight now, the pages all render completely black.\nThe code works perfect on non-local webpages.\nIs there a way to specify that the page is local?\nI tried this:\ndriver.get(\"file:\/\/...\nbut it did not work.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":630,"Q_Id":17242929,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I feel silly now.\nI needed another forward slash\ndriver.get(\"file:\/\/\/","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"selenium,python-3.x,local,phantomjs,webpage-screenshot","A_Id":17243970,"CreationDate":"2013-06-21T19:29:00.000","Title":"Screenshot local page with Selenium and PhantomJS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How would I scrape a domain to find all web pages and content?\nFor example: www.example.com, www.example.com\/index.html, www.example.com\/about\/index.html and so on..\nI would like to do this in Python and preferable with Beautiful Soup if possible..","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1831,"Q_Id":17265027,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can't. Pages not only can pages be dynamically generated based on backend database data and search queries or other input that your program supplies to the website, but there is a nearly infinite list of possible pages, and the only way to know which ones exist is to test and see.\nThe closest you can get is to scrape a website based on hyperlinks between pages in the page content itself.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,http,dns","A_Id":17265028,"CreationDate":"2013-06-19T20:39:00.000","Title":"How can I find (and scrape) all web pages on a given domain using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm having a pretty unique problem. I'm using the python module urllib2 in order to get http responses from a local terminal. At first, urllib2 would only work with non-local addresses (i.e. google.com, etc.) and not local webservers. I eventually deduced that urllib2 was not respecting the no_proxy environment variable. If I manually erased the other proxy env variables in the code (i.e. set http_proxy to ''), then it seemed to fix it for my CentOS 6 box. \nHowever, I have a second machine running Fedora 12 that needs to run the same python script, and I cannot for the life of me get urllib2 to connect to the local terminal. If I set http_proxy to '' then I can't access anything at all - not google, not the local terminal. However, I have a third machine running Fedora 12 and the fix that I found for CentOS 6 works with that one. \nThis leads me to my question. Is there an easy way to tell the difference between Fedora 12 Box#1 (which doesn't work) and Fedora 12 Box#2 which does? Maybe there's a list of linux config files that could conceivably affect the functionality of urllib2? I know \/etc\/environment can affect it with proxy-related environment variables and I know the routing tables could affect it. What else am I missing?\nNote:\n- Pinging the terminal with both boxes works. Urllib2 can only fetch http responses from the CentOS box and Fedora 12 Box#2, currently. \nInfo:\nI've tested this with\nPython 2.6.2\nPython 2.6.6\nPython 2.7.5\non all three boxes. Same results each time.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":17279906,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Permanent network settings are stored in various files in \/etc\/networking and \/etc\/network-scripts. You could use diff to compare what's in those files between the system. However, that's just the network stuff (static v.s. dynamic, routes, gateways, iptables firewalls, blah blah blah). If there's no differences there, you'll have to start expanding the scope of your search.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,http,proxy,urllib2","A_Id":17279971,"CreationDate":"2013-06-24T16:02:00.000","Title":"Is there an easy way to tell the difference in network settings between two systems running Fedora 12?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been charged with migrating a large amount of simple web pages into wikiMedia articles. I've been researching the API and PyWikiBot but it seems that all it allows you to do is edit and retrieve what is already there. Can these tools be used to create a brand new article with content, a title and links to itself etc?\nIf not, can anyone suggest a way to make large scale automated entries to the MediaWiki?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":94,"Q_Id":17280297,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can create a new article simply by editing a page that doesn't exist yet.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,bots,mediawiki-api","A_Id":17282177,"CreationDate":"2013-06-24T16:24:00.000","Title":"MediaWiki API: can it be used to create new articles programatically?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'd like to scrape contact info from about 1000-2000 different restaurant websites. Almost all of them have contact information either on the homepage or on some kind of \"contact\" page, but no two websites are exactly alike (i.e., there's no common pattern to exploit). How can I reliably scrape email\/phone # info from sites like these without specifically pointing the Python script to a particular element on the page (i.e., the script needs to be structure agnostic, since each site has a unique HTML structure, they don't all have, e.g., their contact info in a \"contact\" div).\nI know there's no way to write a program that will be 100% effective, I'd just like to maximize my hit rate.\nAny guidance on this\u2014where to start, what to read\u2014would be much appreciated.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2766,"Q_Id":17366528,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In most countries the telephone number follows one of a very few well defined patterns that can be matched with a simple regexp - likewise email addresses have an internationally recognised format - simply scrape the homepage, contacts or contact us page and then parse with regular expressions - you should easily achieve better than 90% accuracy.\nAlternatively of course you simply submit the restaurant name and town to the local equivalent of the Yellow Pages web site.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup,screen-scraping","A_Id":17366729,"CreationDate":"2013-06-28T14:03:00.000","Title":"Scraping Contact Information from Several Unique Sites with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Intro:\nI have a Python application using a Cassandra 1.2.4 cluster with a replication factor of 3, all reads and writes are done with a consistency level of 2. To access the cluster I use the CQL library. The Cassandra cluster is running on rackspace's virtual servers.\nThe problem:\nFrom time to time one of the nodes can become slower than usual, in this case I want to be able to detect this situation and prevent making requests to the slow node and if possible to stop using it at all (this should theoretically be possible since the RF is 3 and the CL is 2 for every single request). So far the solution I came up with involves timing the requests to each of the nodes and preventing future connections to the slow node. But still this doesn't solves all the problem because even connecting to another node a particular query may end up being served by the slow node after the coordinator node routes the query.\nThe questions:\nWhat's the best way of detecting the slow node from a Python application?\nIs there a way to stop using one of the Cassandra nodes from Python in this scenario without human intervention?\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":968,"Q_Id":17415024,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Your manual solution of timing the requests is enough, if nodes that are slow to respond are also ones that are slow to process the query.\nInternally Cassandra will avoid slow nodes if it can by using the dynamic snitch.  This orders nodes by recent latency statistics and will avoid reading from the slowest nodes if the consistency level allows.  NB writes go to all available nodes, but you don't have to wait for them to all respond if your consistency level allows.\nThere may be some client support for what you want in a python client - Astyanax in Java uses something very like the dynamic snitch in the client to avoid sending requests to slow nodes.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,cassandra,cql","A_Id":17419541,"CreationDate":"2013-07-01T23:04:00.000","Title":"How to prevent traffic to\/from a slow Cassandra node using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm creating a desktop application that is interfaced with using a mobile app or mobile communications ( twitter, txt )\nI already have the mechanisms in place to share media ( youtube, instagram, )\nwith the desktop app from a mobile device.\nBut, I would like to add a websocket chatbox to the desktop interface. So, that users can add msgs using a webview or websocket client within the mobile app.\nBUT\nHow do I combine websockets with pyqt?\nI've found very few examples online... just looking for some insight on this problem.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1153,"Q_Id":17416893,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"A way to do this is to use a QWebView, insert that into your App and then load a HTML5 page in the WebView and use that to communicate with the server.\nThis way you can probably even reuse the code for the mobile client as the code for the desktop chat interface.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,user-interface,websocket,pyqt","A_Id":17417077,"CreationDate":"2013-07-02T03:20:00.000","Title":"PyQt and WebSockets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi I have been working on openerp-7 (win-7)  custom module creation . I have been loading openerp server through localhost:8069 . But today the application failed to start and its generating error \" Oops! Google Chrome could not connect to localhost:8069 \" . What should I do now to fix this issue?\nPlz help\nHopes for suggestion","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1240,"Q_Id":17419724,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Verify that the OpenERP service is running on your computer. You can verify this by clicking on the Taskbar -> task manager -> Services.\nLook for the OpenERP service and start it if it is not running. \nA problem might have made it fail to start. There might be errors with your custom module. \nI tell you developing custom modules on Window is more tedious than on Linux because you can run the server in terminal mode and view output logged directly on the console","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,eclipse,openerp","A_Id":17486874,"CreationDate":"2013-07-02T07:21:00.000","Title":"openerp not loading on localhost","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to \"establish\" a TCP connection to a server with a fake sender IP address by using Python 2.6 on Windows 7.\nIs this possible without a proxy\/Tor?\nI understand that I won't get a response, I'm only interested in sending an HTTP GET request to mimic a DDOS attack on my web server.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4544,"Q_Id":17434390,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you can send TCP SYN packets to the server to initiate a handshake with the server to start a connection, but as you are using fake IPs the SYN-ACK packets sent from the server will be sent somewhere else and so you won't be able to acknowledge the server and finally start the connection.\nyou better read more about the tcp handshake and the SYN cookies","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,tcp-ip","A_Id":47622960,"CreationDate":"2013-07-02T19:40:00.000","Title":"TCP connection with a fake source IP address","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm scraping content from a website using Python. First I used BeautifulSoup and Mechanize on Python but I saw that the website had a button that created content via JavaScript so I decided to use Selenium.\nGiven that I can find elements and get their content using Selenium with methods like driver.find_element_by_xpath, what reason is there to use BeautifulSoup when I could just use Selenium for everything?\nAnd in this particular case, I need to use Selenium to click on the JavaScript button so is it better to use Selenium to parse as well or should I use both Selenium and Beautiful Soup?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":40675,"Q_Id":17436014,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I would recommend using Selenium for things such as interacting with web pages whether it is in a full blown browser, or a browser in headless mode, such as headless Chrome. I would also like to say that beautiful soup is better for observing and writing statements that rely on if an element is found or WHAT is found, and then using selenium ot execute interactive tasks with the page if the user desires.","Q_Score":55,"Tags":"javascript,python,selenium,beautifulsoup","A_Id":55484972,"CreationDate":"2013-07-02T21:19:00.000","Title":"Selenium versus BeautifulSoup for web scraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I installed OpenERP V 7 on my local machine. I made \u200b\u200bmodification in the CSS. I also remove some menu, change the labels of some windows and change the position of some menus (one after the other in the order decided by the customer).\nThe work required is over and runs well on the premises. Now I'm looking for a way to move my work on the server while keeping the changes. Knowing that I worked directly through the interface of OpenERP.\nSomeone has an idea?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2217,"Q_Id":17469330,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is not a generally accepted way of doing customization in openerp. Ususally, you should make a custom module that implements your customization when installed on the OpenERP server installation.\nAre you using Windows or Linux? The concept here is to move all of the server addons files to the upsite server, including a dump of the database which can be restored on the upsite server.\nHere's how. \nFirst click the Manage databases at the login screen,\nDo a backup database and save the generated dump file.\nInstall openerp o nthe upsite server (*major versions must match).\nCopy the server addons folder, and upload to the upsite server's addon directory.\nRestart openerp service.\nThen restore the dump file from your backup location.\nThis is basically how you can mirror a \"customized\" openerp installation across servers.\nHope this helps.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,postgresql,openerp","A_Id":17473961,"CreationDate":"2013-07-04T11:38:00.000","Title":"after working in local server, how to move OpenERP on a remote server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Sorry about the awkward title. \nI am building a Python API. Part of it involves sending and receiving data to an Amazon SQS to communicate with some stuff on an EC2 instance. I don't want to distribute the API with my amazon keys in it though. \nWhat is the correct way around an issue like this? Do I have to write a separate layer that sits in front of SQS with my own authentication or is there a way to add permissions to amazon keys such that uses could just send and receive messages to SQS but couldn't create additional queues or access any other web services?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":106,"Q_Id":17507395,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends on your identity requirements. If it's ok for your clients to have AWS accounts, you can give their accounts permission to send messages to your queue. If you want your own identity, then yes, you would need to build a service layer infront of AWS to broker API requests","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-sqs","A_Id":17906399,"CreationDate":"2013-07-06T21:39:00.000","Title":"What is the correct way to expose an AWS in an API without giving out your keys?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to give user a temporary link to download files from Amazon S3 bucket in python.\nI am using generate_url method which generates the url for a specified time peiod.\nMy concern is when this link is created,anyone including the desired user can hit this url in that time period and get the files.How can I prevent other people from getting access to the files ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1631,"Q_Id":17546608,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Make sure that the expiration time of the link is set to a very short time.  Then make sure that you are communicating with the user via SSL, and that the link provided is SSL.  When using an SSL connection, both the data from the page and the URL are encrypted, and no one 'sniffing' the data should be able to see anything.\nThe only other way to put a real lock down on a file like that would be to then aggressively check the log files generated by the S3 bucket, and check the link for abuse.  The problem however is that the traffic for your link may take several hours to make it into logs, but dependant on how long you want these links to last that time delay may be acceptable.  Then assuming you find abuse, such as several different IP addresses hitting the link, you can stop the hits by renaming the file on S3.\nThe ultimate is for your server to grab the data off S3 and spoon feed it to the customer.  Then it is impossible for anyone to get the file unless you authenticate them and they remain in the session.  The big downer of course is that you are taxing your server, and are defeating half the reason S3 is cool, namely you don't have to serve the file, S3 does.  But if your server is on Amazon EC2, there is no cost in pulling from S3, only the download to the customer would be charged.  Additionally EC2 instances can access and download data from S3 at local network levels of speed, and like I said its free.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3","A_Id":17759017,"CreationDate":"2013-07-09T11:04:00.000","Title":"How to generate a secure temporary url to download file from Amazon S3?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm not exactly sure how to phrase my question but I'll give it my best shot.\nIf I load up a webpage, in the HTML it executes a JavaScript file.  And if I view the page source I can see the source of that JavaScript (though it's not very well formatted and hard to understand).\nIs there a way to run the JavaScript from e.g. Python code, without going through the browser?  i.e if I wanted to access a particular function in that JavaScript, is there a clean way to call just that from a Python script, and read the results?\nFor example... a webpage displays a number that I want access to.  It's not in the page source because it's a result from a JavaScript call.  Is there a way to call that JavaScript from Python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":119,"Q_Id":17578253,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Although your question isn't very clear. I'm guessing that you are trying to access the javascript console. \nIn Google Chrome: \n\nPress F12\nGo to the 'console' tab \n\nIn Mozilla Firefox with Firebug installed:\n\nOpen Firebug\nGo to the 'console' tab\n\nFrom the console you can execute javascript query's (calling functions, accessing variables etc.).\nI hope this answered your question properly.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,html","A_Id":17578385,"CreationDate":"2013-07-10T18:29:00.000","Title":"Can I scrape data from web pages when the data comes from JavaScript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"whats the smartest way to to Try again when I get socket time out exception\nTry:\n          opener=urllib.FancyURLopener(proxies)\n          res=opener.open(req)\nexcept Exception as details:\n          self.writeLog(details)\nlets for the above code I get a time out error from the socket, I wanna change the proxy and try again how do I do that (my function can not be done recursive) should I use something like while error is not socket time out keep doing this ? or should do a while True and in the except part change the proxy? \nwhats the smartest way?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":153,"Q_Id":17599706,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Write a separate function that handles the connect and if the connect fails this function throws an exception. Then in your main code you can use a try-catch and a while loop to try to connect multiple times.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":17599907,"CreationDate":"2013-07-11T17:25:00.000","Title":"python try if socket times out, try again","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Briefly idea, My web crawler have 2 main jobs. Collector and Crawler, The collector will collecting all of the url items for each sites and storing non duplicated url. The crawler will grab the urls from storage, extract needed data and store its back. \n\n2 Machines\n\nBot machine -> 8 core, Physical Linux OS (No VM on this machine)\nStorage machine -> mySql with clustering (VM for clustering), 2 databases (url and data); url database on port 1 and data port 2\n\n\nObjective: Crawled 100 sites and try to decrease the bottle neck situation\n\nFirst case: Collector *request(urllib) all sites , collect the url\n  items for each sites and * insert if it's non duplicated url to\n  Storage machine on port 1. Crawler *get the url from storage port 1 ,\n  *request site and extract needed data and *store it's back on port 2\n\nThis cause the connection bottle neck for both request web sites and mySql connection\n\nSecond case: Instead of inserting across the machine, Collector store\n  the url on my own mini database file system.There is no *read a huge\n  file(use os command technic) just *write (append) and *remove header\n  of the file.\n\nThis cause the connection request web sites and I\/O (read,write) bottle neck (may be)\nBoth case also have the CPU bound cause of collecting and crawling 100 sites\nAs I heard for I\/O bound use multithreading, CPU bound use multiprocessing\nHow about both ? scrappy ? any idea or suggestion ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":763,"Q_Id":17601124,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Look into grequests, it doesn't do actual muti-threading or multiprocessing, but it scales much better than both.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,performance,multiprocessing,web-crawler","A_Id":17601331,"CreationDate":"2013-07-11T18:51:00.000","Title":"Python web crawler multithreading and multiprocessing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If I issue multiple socket.connect() in different threads - would a single socket.connect() make the current thread to wait for an ACK response, or meanwhile another thread would be able to issue a socket.connect()?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":118,"Q_Id":17617535,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"These two options \"current thread waits for an ACK\" and \"another thread would be able to connect\" are not mutually exclusive. Both are true. That's the whole point of threads that one can continue while the other is blocked.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"multithreading,python-2.6,asyncsocket","A_Id":17619173,"CreationDate":"2013-07-12T14:39:00.000","Title":"socket.connect() blocks other threads?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to append a meta data to each message when publishing to the queue. The question is which method is more efficient?  \n\nAdd custom fields to every message body\nAdd custom headers to every message\n\nJust in case:\n\nPublisher is on AWS m1.small\nMessages rate is less than 500 msgs\/s\nRabbit library: pika (python)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":377,"Q_Id":17623431,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Efficiency in terms of speed, there is probably no answer to your question, since there are efficient parsing methods available to extract the meta data from your messages after they leave RabbitMQ.\nBut in case of using the meta data to filter your messages, it would be more efficient to do that in RabbitMQ, since you can do that filtering inside of RabbitMQ by using header exchange.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rabbitmq,pika","A_Id":17647896,"CreationDate":"2013-07-12T20:22:00.000","Title":"What is more efficient: add fields to the message or create a custom header? RabbitMQ","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Was wondering if anyone knew how if it was possible to enable programmatic billing for Amazon AWS through the API?  I have not found anything on this and I even went broader and looked for billing preferences or account settings through API and still had not luck.  I assume the API does not have this functionality but I figured I would ask.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":356,"Q_Id":17627389,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Currently, there is no API for doing this.  You have to log into your billing preference page and set it up there.  I agree that an API would be a great feature to add.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto","A_Id":17630560,"CreationDate":"2013-07-13T05:51:00.000","Title":"Enable programmatic billing for Amazon AWS through API (python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to use windmill or selenium to simulate a browser that visits a website, scrapes the content and after analyzing the content goes on with some action depending of the analysis.\nAs an example. The browser visits a website, where we can find, say 50 links. While the browser is still running, a python script for example can analyze the found links and decides on what link the browser should click.\nMy big question is with how many http Requests this can be done using windmill or selenium. I mean do these two programs can simulate visiting a website in a browser and scrape the content with just one http request, or would they use another internal request to the website for getting the links, while the browser is still running?\nThx alot!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":728,"Q_Id":17639299,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Selenium uses the browser but number of HTTP request is not one. There will be multiple HTTP request to the server for JS, CSS and Images (if any) mentioned in the HTML document. \nIf you want to scrape the page with single HTTP request, you need to use scrapers which only gets what is present in the HTML source. If you are using Python, check out BeautifulSoup.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,httprequest,windmill","A_Id":17642669,"CreationDate":"2013-07-14T12:16:00.000","Title":"Browser Simulation and Scraping with windmill or selenium, how many http requests?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Turns out that Flask sets request.data to an empty string if the content type of the request is application\/x-www-form-urlencoded. Since I'm using a JSON body request, I just want to parse the json or force Flask to parse it and return request.json.\nThis is needed because changing the AJAX content type forces an HTTP OPTION request, which complicates the back-end.\nHow do I make Flask return the raw data in the request object?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23453,"Q_Id":17640687,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"Use request.get_data() to get the POST data.  This works independent of whether the data has content type application\/x-www-form-urlencoded or application\/octet-stream.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,ajax,post,flask","A_Id":46003806,"CreationDate":"2013-07-14T15:15:00.000","Title":"Flask - How do I read the raw body in a POST request when the content type is \"application\/x-www-form-urlencoded\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to take image frames from a webcam server using selenium python module.\nThe frames webcam is show on the selenium browser ( using http:\/\/ .....html webpage) .\nThe source code of the page show me it's done using some java script.\nI try to use:\ncapture_network_traffic() and captureNetworkTraffic\nNot working , also I don't think is a good way to do that.\nAlso I don't want to use capture_screenshot functions , this take all canvas of the browser.\nAny idea ?\nThank you. Regards.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":439,"Q_Id":17641441,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First, what you'll need to do is navigate to the webpage with Selenium.\nThen, analyse the web page source HTML which the Javascript will have rendered by you navigating to the page, to get the image URL. You can do this with Selenium or with an HTML parser.\nThen you can easily download the image using wget or some other URL grabber.\nYou might not even need Selenium to accomplish this if when you get the page, the image is already there. If that is the case you can just use the URL grabber to get the page directly.\nLet me know if you want more details or if you have any questions.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":17718816,"CreationDate":"2013-07-14T16:47:00.000","Title":"get image frames webcam from server with selenium python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a working Scrapy scraper that does a login before proceeding to parse and retrieve data but I want to open source it with exposing my username\/password. Where should I factor these out to?\nI was thinking of either storing them in ENV and then accessing them via os.environ, putting them in a settings.local.py file that is imported into settings.py, or just having a configuration file that is read by settings.py.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":96,"Q_Id":17644019,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The \"standard\" is to use the environment. Depending on what environment you're running in you may not always be guaranteed a filesystem, however env vars are usually present in most application environments.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":17644278,"CreationDate":"2013-07-14T21:35:00.000","Title":"Where should I keep the authentication settings when using Scrapy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Recently, I've been attempting to figure out how I can find out what an unlabeled POST is, and send to it using Python.\nThe issue of the matter is I'm attempting to make a chat bot entirely in Python in order to increase my knowledge of the language.  For said bot, I'm attempting to use a chat-box that runs entirely on jQuery.  The issue with this is it has no knowledgeable POST or GET statements associated with the chat-box submissions.\nHow can I figure out what the POST and GET statements being sent when a message is submitted, and somehow use that to my advantage to send custom POST or GET statements for a chat-bot?\nAny help is appreciated, thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":60,"Q_Id":17646259,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need a server in order to be able to receive any GET and POST requests, one of the easier ways to get that is to set up a Django project, ready in minutes and then add custom views to handle the request you want properly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,post,get,chat","A_Id":17646320,"CreationDate":"2013-07-15T03:16:00.000","Title":"Python Send to and figure out POST","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been learning about Python socket, http request\/reponse handling these days, I'm still very novice to server programming, I have a question regarding to the fundamental idea behind chatting website.\nIn chatting website, like Omegle or Facebook's chat, how do 2 guys talk to each other? Do sockets on their own computers directly connect to each other, OR... guy A send a message to the web server, and server send this message to guy B, and vice versa?\nBecause in the first scenario, both users can retrieve each other's IP, and in the second scenario, since you are connecting to a server, you can not.. right?\nThanks a lot to clear this confusion for me, I'm very new and I really appreciate any help from you guys!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":187,"Q_Id":17646806,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Most chats will use a push notification system.  It will keep track of people within a chat, and as it receives a new message to the chat, it will push it to all the people currently in it.  This protects the users from seeing each other.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,node.js,websocket,chat","A_Id":17646861,"CreationDate":"2013-07-15T04:31:00.000","Title":"the idea behind chat website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been learning about Python socket, http request\/reponse handling these days, I'm still very novice to server programming, I have a question regarding to the fundamental idea behind chatting website.\nIn chatting website, like Omegle or Facebook's chat, how do 2 guys talk to each other? Do sockets on their own computers directly connect to each other, OR... guy A send a message to the web server, and server send this message to guy B, and vice versa?\nBecause in the first scenario, both users can retrieve each other's IP, and in the second scenario, since you are connecting to a server, you can not.. right?\nThanks a lot to clear this confusion for me, I'm very new and I really appreciate any help from you guys!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":187,"Q_Id":17646806,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Usually they both connect to the server.\nThere are a few reasons to do it this way. For example, imagine you want your users to see the last 10 messages of a conversation. Who's going to store this info? One client? Both? What happens if they use more than one PC\/device? What happens if one of them is offline? Well, you will have to send the messages to the server, this way the server will have the conversation history stored, always available.\nAnother reason, imagine that one user is offline. If the user is offline you can't do anything to contact him. You can't connect. So you will have to send messages to the server, and the server will notify the user once online.\nSo you are probably going to need a connection to the server (storing common info, providing offline messages, keeping track of active users...). \n\nThere is also another reason, if you want two users to connect directly, you need one of them to start a server listening on a (public IP):port, and let the other connect against that ip:port. Well, this is a problem. If you use the clients->server model you don't have to worry about that, because you can open a port in the server easily, for all, without routers and NAT in between.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,node.js,websocket,chat","A_Id":17649514,"CreationDate":"2013-07-15T04:31:00.000","Title":"the idea behind chat website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"All the files I upload to the tree.io tickets, projects, etc cannot be downloaded, \nI am getting a 404 error. \nI am running tree.io in a cantos 6 box.\nany ideas to get this working please ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":109,"Q_Id":17653546,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"after sometime found a solution for this.\n\ni had to define the MEDIA_ROOT as an absolute URL in the settings.py\nwhen i went to static\/media there was no folder called attachments, i had to make one and give it the correct permissions for python can write to that folder. \n\nthis worked for me.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,django,apache,treeio-django","A_Id":17730860,"CreationDate":"2013-07-15T11:47:00.000","Title":"cant download files uploaded tree.io","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on a  web application, in which clicking on some link another popup windows appears. The pop windows is not an alert but its a form with various fields to be entered by user and click \"Next\". \nHow can I handle\/automate this popup windows using selenium.\nSummary :-\n\nClick on the hyperlink (url) - \"CLICK HERE\"\nA user registration form appears as a pop up\nA data is to be filled by user \nClick Next\/Submit button.\nAnother next redirected to another page\/form 'User Personal Information Page'\nPersonal information is to be filled by user\nClick \"Next\/Submit\"\nPopup disappeared.\nNow further processing on original\/Base page.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84462,"Q_Id":17676036,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"If its a new window or an iframe you should use the driver.switch_to_frame(webelement) or driver.switch_to_window(window_name). This should then allow you to interact with the elements within the popup.\nAfter you've finished, you should then driver.switch_to_default_content() to return to the main webpage.","Q_Score":31,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":17676233,"CreationDate":"2013-07-16T12:02:00.000","Title":"Python webdriver to handle pop up browser windows which is not an alert","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to get Python to send the EOF signal (Ctrl+D) via Popen(). Unfortunately, I can't find any kind of reference for Popen() signals on *nix-like systems. Does anyone here know how to send an EOF signal like this? Also, is there any reference of acceptable signals to be sent?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3348,"Q_Id":17678620,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"EOF isn't really a signal that you can raise, it's a per-channel exceptional condition. (Pressing Ctrl+D to signal end of interactive input is actually a function of the terminal driver. When you press this key combination at the beginning of a new line, the terminal driver tells the OS kernel that there's no further input available on the input stream.)\nGenerally, the correct way to signal EOF on a pipe is to close the write channel. Assuming that you created the Popen object with stdin=PIPE, it looks like you should be able to do this.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-2.7,posix,popen,eof","A_Id":17712430,"CreationDate":"2013-07-16T14:00:00.000","Title":"Trying to send an EOF signal (Ctrl+D) signal using Python via Popen()","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In Python, is there a way to detect whether a given network interface is up?\nIn my script, the user specifies a network interface, but I would like to make sure that the interface is up and has been assigned an IP address, before doing anything else.\nI'm on Linux and I am root.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":30551,"Q_Id":17679887,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can see the content of the file in \/sys\/class\/net\/<interface>\/operstate. If the content is not down then the interface is up.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,networking,ip,dhcp,network-interface","A_Id":46349123,"CreationDate":"2013-07-16T14:50:00.000","Title":"Python: check whether a network interface is up","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In Python, is there a way to detect whether a given network interface is up?\nIn my script, the user specifies a network interface, but I would like to make sure that the interface is up and has been assigned an IP address, before doing anything else.\nI'm on Linux and I am root.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":30551,"Q_Id":17679887,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"The interface can be configured with an IP address and not be up so the accepted answer is wrong. You actually need to check \/sys\/class\/net\/<interface>\/flags. If the content is in the variable flags, flags & 0x1 is whether the interface is up or not. \nDepending on the application, the \/sys\/class\/net\/<interface>\/operstate might be what you really want, but technically the interface could be up and the operstate down, e.g. when no cable is connected.\nAll of this is Linux-specific of course.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,networking,ip,dhcp,network-interface","A_Id":46932803,"CreationDate":"2013-07-16T14:50:00.000","Title":"Python: check whether a network interface is up","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So, I have an application in Python, but I want to know if the computer (which is running the application) is on, from another remote computer.\nIs there any way to do this? I was thinking to use UDP packets, to send some sort of keep-alive, using a counter. Ex. every 5 mins the client sends an UDP 'keep-alive' packet to the server. Thanks in advance!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":20956,"Q_Id":17682818,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"yes thats the way to go. kind of like sending heartbeat ping. Since its UDP and since its just a header message you can reduce the frequency to say 10 seconds. This should not cause any measurable system perf degradation since its just 2 systems we are talking about.\nI feel here, UDP is might be better compared to TCP. Its lightweight, does not consume a lot of system resources and is theoretically faster. Downside would be there could be packet loss. You can circumvent that by putting in some logic like when 10 packets (spaced 10 seconds apart) are not received consecutively  then declare the other system unreachable.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,udp,heartbeat","A_Id":17682961,"CreationDate":"2013-07-16T17:06:00.000","Title":"Python - Detect if remote computer is on","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to create an application that will do the following:\n\nAccept request via messaging system ( Done )\nProcess request and determine what script and what type of instance is required for the job ( Done )\nLaunch an EC2 instance \nUpload custom script's (probably from github or may be S3 bucket)\nLaunch a script with a given argument.\n\nThe question is what is the most efficient way to do steps 3,4,5? Don't understand me wrong, right now I'm doing the same thing with script that does all of this \n\nlaunch instance, \nuse user_data to download necessary dependencies\nthan SSH into instance and launch a script\n\nMy question is really: is that the only option how to handle this type of work? or may be there is an easy way to do this?\nI was looking at OpsWork, and I'm not sure if this is the right thing for me. I know I can do steps 3 and 4 with it, but how about the rest? :\n\nLaunch a script with a given argument\nTriger an OpsWork to launch an instance when request is came in\n\nBy the way I'm using Python, boto to communicate with AWS services.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":17686939,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use knife-bootstrap. This can be one way to do it. You can use AWS SDK to do most of it\n\nLaunch an instance\nAdd a public IP (if its not in VPC)\nWait for instance to come back online \nuse knife bootstrap to supply script, setup chef-client, update system\nThen use chef cookbook to setup your machine","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon,chef-infra,boto,aws-opsworks","A_Id":17691484,"CreationDate":"2013-07-16T21:04:00.000","Title":"Do I need to SSH into EC2 instance in order to start custom script with arguments, or there are some service that I don't know","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to import premailer in my project, but it keeps failing at the etree import. I installed the 2.7 binary for lxml. The lxml module imports fine, and it's showing the correct path to the library folder if I log the lxml module, but I can't import etree from it. There's an etree.pyd in the lxml folder but python can't seem to see\\read it.\nI'm on windows7 64bit.\nDoes anyone know what's going wrong here?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17785,"Q_Id":17688959,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Install premailer using\npip install premailer","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,lxml","A_Id":62369096,"CreationDate":"2013-07-17T00:02:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named lxml.etree","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to import premailer in my project, but it keeps failing at the etree import. I installed the 2.7 binary for lxml. The lxml module imports fine, and it's showing the correct path to the library folder if I log the lxml module, but I can't import etree from it. There's an etree.pyd in the lxml folder but python can't seem to see\\read it.\nI'm on windows7 64bit.\nDoes anyone know what's going wrong here?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17785,"Q_Id":17688959,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Try to using etree without import it  like (lxml.etree() ) I think it function no module\nor install it if it a module","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,lxml","A_Id":17689004,"CreationDate":"2013-07-17T00:02:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named lxml.etree","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to import premailer in my project, but it keeps failing at the etree import. I installed the 2.7 binary for lxml. The lxml module imports fine, and it's showing the correct path to the library folder if I log the lxml module, but I can't import etree from it. There's an etree.pyd in the lxml folder but python can't seem to see\\read it.\nI'm on windows7 64bit.\nDoes anyone know what's going wrong here?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17785,"Q_Id":17688959,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try:\nfrom lxml import etree\nor \nimport lxml.etree <= This worked for me instead of lxml.etree()","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,lxml","A_Id":17689259,"CreationDate":"2013-07-17T00:02:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named lxml.etree","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm being trying to \n\nLog into a server using SHH (with Paramiko)\nUse that connection like a proxy and route network traffic through it and out to the internet. So say I could set it as my proxy in Urllib2, Mechanize, Firefox, etc.).\n\nIs the second part possible or will I have to have some sort of proxy server running on the server to get this to work?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1036,"Q_Id":17689822,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could implement a SOCKS proxy in the paramiko client that routes connections across the SSH tunnel via paramiko's open_channel method.  Unfortunately, I don't know of any out-of-the-box solution that does this, so you'd have to roll your own.  Alternatively, run a SOCKS server on the server, and just forward that single port via paramiko.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssh,proxy,paramiko,tunnel","A_Id":17690326,"CreationDate":"2013-07-17T01:51:00.000","Title":"Python Proxy Through SSH","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Currently I am using Web Application(LAMP stack) with REST API to communicate with clients(Python Desktop Application).\nClients can register with server and send states to server through REST API.\nNow I need to push notifications to selected clients from web application(server).\nMy question is how can I send push notifications from server(php) and read it from clients(python).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1317,"Q_Id":17719300,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"So basically you can query your server from client in some interval (interval ~ 0 == realtime) and ask, if it has some news.\nNormally apache can't deal with long waiting connection, because of its thread\/fork request processing model.\nYou can try switch to nginx, because it is using socket multiplexing (select\/epoll\/kqueue), so it can deal with many concurrent long waiting connections).\nOr you can think about node.js and replace your php app with it, which is absolutely done for this purposes.\nNice solution is too some web framework\/language + redis pub\/sub functionality + node.js. You can normal requests your web application, but have too open connection to node.js server and node.js server will notice your client when needed. If you want to tell  node.js about informing some clients, you can do it from your web app through redis pub\/sub.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,rest","A_Id":17719764,"CreationDate":"2013-07-18T09:16:00.000","Title":"Push Notifications server to selected clients","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am quite new to Python and recently I wanted to send some files using Python. I quickly found out about sockets. But I searched for ready-made solution, because I thought client-server communication is such a common use, there must exist some kind of library (or maybe it's just because of my Java background and I got used to it:D). All answers about sending files I found mentioned sockets and that 'you have to write a protocol yourself'.\nSo here's my question: is there any library, ready protocol for client-server communication in Python (preferably 2.7)?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":170,"Q_Id":17747053,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you use sockets, you can use ssh and then do scp (secured copies).  If you are moving files back and forth, that would probably be the easiest way.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,io,client-server,communication","A_Id":17747132,"CreationDate":"2013-07-19T13:15:00.000","Title":"Sending files in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi I have created an openerp module using Python (eclipse) . I want to add a feature in my form so that admin will be able to create his own fields whenever and whatever he wants . I needed some guidance of how this will be done . As I am new to openerp , any help will be good to me . Thanks\nHopes for advice","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":228,"Q_Id":17780235,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I can't think of any easy way of doing this.  When OpenERP connects to a database it sets up a registry containing all models and all the fields and as part of this, loads the fields into the database, performs database refactoring etc.  The idea is that it is simple to inherit existing models and add your fields that way but it does require coding.\nI have done something similar where:\n\nI predefined some fields on your model (field1, intfield1, charfield1 etc.).\nProvide a model\/form so the admin can say use intfield1 and give it a label of 'My Value'\nOverride fields_view_get on your model and change the XML to include your field with the correct label.\n\nBut this is tricky to get right.  You will want to spend some time learning the elementtree module to do the XML manipulation in the fields_view_get.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,eclipse,openerp","A_Id":17897177,"CreationDate":"2013-07-22T05:02:00.000","Title":"how to make dynamic field creation capability in openerp module?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want To Read my Internet router traffic light(Power + adsl ) light to simulate the real time Lights as my modem is located far from my room and my dsl lights keeps disconnecting frequently , So it becomes a pain to check it status every time lights go out...\nHow Can I Do this in python (I have Read about pyserial But not getting a way to do it ..)?\nThanx","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":400,"Q_Id":17815798,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A very common way of monitoring router status is by using snmp.\nAs a summary, for a small home router, it involves at least the following steps:\n\nEnable snmp in your router (this usually is only setup \"snmp\ncommunities\", they are the passwords for reading and writing). If\nyour router allows it, I recommend to you to add an IP filter as\nwell for filtering from what IP addresses snmp queries are allowed.\nRead SNMP OIDs (for instance, interface status list, interface usage\nstats, etc), you can use snmpwalk for testing.\nOnce you can read standard values with snmpwalk you can load your\nrouter MIB file into your local MIB files repo (that enables you to\nread specific attributes from your router manufacturer).\nSetup your monitoring software (nagios is a very popular one). As\nyou said you will use python, I believe you can use pysnmp.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,router,modem","A_Id":17822488,"CreationDate":"2013-07-23T16:27:00.000","Title":"Read traffic light from Router to simulate lights on python\/shell script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im using python tornado as web server and I have a backend server and a frontend server. I want to create browser-frontend-backend  connection. Can anyone help me how to do this? I know how to create websocket connection between frontend and browser but I have no idea how to connect my frontend server to backend server to stream realtime data parsed by my backend server.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1390,"Q_Id":17824526,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"WebSocket was designed for low-latency bidirectional browser<->service communication. It's placed on top of TCP\/IP and brings along some overhead. It was designed to solve all the problems that you simply do not have when it's about front-end<->back-end communication, because there we're talking about a defined environment which is under your control. Hence, I would recommend going back to the basics and do simple TCP\/IP communication between your front-end and back-end.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,websocket,tornado","A_Id":17835810,"CreationDate":"2013-07-24T03:07:00.000","Title":"Websocket connection between two servers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using bottle for a POC restful service project. would someone kindly let me know what is the best way to decide if the caller wants me to send the response in JSON, XML, or HTML? I have seen some examples of this using request.mimetypes.best_match, but that needs me to import flask. is there a way to do this in bottle itself?\nThanks a lot,\nReza","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":377,"Q_Id":17830806,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The Request Mime-type(or content-type) is the type of the content being sent to the server - it does not mean this is the same type that should be returned by the server.\nThe client should know what the server Response type is going to be, and not otherwise - the server should not \"guess\" what response the client wants.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,format,return,bottle","A_Id":17832612,"CreationDate":"2013-07-24T10:02:00.000","Title":"python bottle deciding on return mimetype","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using GAE remote api to access the data store of my app. The authentication to GAE is made using remote_api_stub.ConfigureRemoteApi with an authentication function that returns a user name and a password.\nIs there a way for authenticating using an access_token, for example OAuth or OAuth 2.0?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":907,"Q_Id":17857138,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can't use OAuth2 to connect to your app with remote_api_stub\/shell. This option is not provided.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,oauth-2.0,google-oauth","A_Id":20981524,"CreationDate":"2013-07-25T11:45:00.000","Title":"Google App Engine Remote API + OAuth","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a webpage showing some data. I have a python script that continuously updates the data(fetches the data from database, and writes it to the html page).It takes about 5 minutes for the script to fetch the data. I have the html page set to refresh every 60 seconds using the meta tag. However, I want to change this and have the page refresh as soon as the python script updates it, so basically I need to add some code to my python script that refreshes the html page as soon as it's done writing to it.\nIs this possible ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3417,"Q_Id":17867471,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Without diving into complex modern things like WebSockets, there's no way for the server to 'push' a notice to a web browser.  What you can do, however, it make the client check for updates in a way that is not visible to the user.\nIt will involve writing Javascript & writing an extra file.  When writing your main webpage, add, inside Javascript, a timestamp (Unix timestamp will be easiest here).  You also write that same timestamp to a file on the web server (let's call it updatetime.txt).  Using an AJAX request on the page, you pull in updatetime.txt & see if the number in the file is bigger than the number stored when you generate the document, refresh the page if you see an updated time.  You can alter how 'instantly' the changes get noticed but controlling how quickly you poll.\nI won't go into too much detail on writing the code but I'd probably just use $.ajax() from JQuery (even though it's sort of overkill for one function) to make the calls.  The trick to putting something on a time in JS is setinterval.  You should be able to find plenty of documentation on using both of them already written.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,html,refresh","A_Id":17868479,"CreationDate":"2013-07-25T19:50:00.000","Title":"Refresh Webpage using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running a simulation and transmitting data through XML-RPC to a remote client. I'm using a thread to run the XML-RPC part.\nBut for some reason, the program runs really slow until I a make a request from any of clients that connect. And after I run the very first request, the program then runs fine.\nI have a class that inherits from Threading, and that I use in order to start the XML-RPC stuff\nI cannot really show you the code, but do you have any suggestions as to why this is happening? \nThanks, and I hope my question is clear enough","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":171,"Q_Id":17869727,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In Python, due to the GIL, threads doesn't really execute in parallel. If the RPC part is waiting in an active way (loop poling for connection instead of waiting), you most probably will have the behavior you are describing. However, without seeing any code, this is just wild guess.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,performance,request,xml-rpc","A_Id":17869783,"CreationDate":"2013-07-25T22:15:00.000","Title":"XML-RPC Python Slow before first request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Both middleware can process Request and Response. But what is the difference?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3140,"Q_Id":17872753,"Users Score":21,"Answer":"While they have almost identical interfaces, they serve different purposes:\n\nDownloader middlewares modify requests and responses or generate requests in response to responses. They don't directly interact with spiders. Some examples are middlewares that implement cookies, caching, proxies, redirects, setting user-agent headers, etc. They just add functionality to the downloader system.\nSpider middlewares modify things that pass in and out of spiders, like requests, items, exceptions, and start_requests. They do share some basic functionality with downloader middlewares, but they can't generate requests in response to responses. They stand between the spiders and the downloader. One example is filtering out responses with bad HTTP status codes.\n\nSome middlewares can function as either a downloader middleware or a spider middleware, but they're often trivial and will be forced into one category or the other once you add more complex functionality.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":17872865,"CreationDate":"2013-07-26T04:10:00.000","Title":"What is the difference between Scrapy's spider middleware and downloader middleware?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to test with selenium webdriver. My version of selenium is 2.33 and the browser is Firefox. The scripting language is python\nNow when I call the method find_element_by_xpath(blabla) If the widget does not exist. The program just gets stuck there with no exception shown. It's just stuck. By the way I have tried find_element_by_id, find_element_by_name, find_elements and changed Firefox to 3.5, 14.0, 21.0, 22.0. The problem always shows up.\nAnybody ever got this problem?\nI just want an exception not just getting stuck. Help...","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1799,"Q_Id":17919503,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use WebDriverWait function if you are sure that the element is on your document. You should define WebDriverWait at the beginning with from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait and if you didn't define before from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By, then use WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, \"blabla\")))\nThat's all we need to do. I hope this will help you.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":18606843,"CreationDate":"2013-07-29T08:42:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver stuck when find_element method called with a non-existed widget","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I had a test script with Selenium RC. Now I don't know what could happen during the test but I want the browser to be shut down if the program is killed accidentally. BTW, the script is running in a sub-process.\nNow I tried method __del__ but it doesn't work and I don't see if there's any exceptions. So I have no idea where to put try --- except or with --- in.\nIf I run the script in main-process it works fine. Any help?\nVersion of Selenium is 2.33. Browser is Firefox 21.0","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":17920065,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"make the del method return boolean.\nTrue on success, false otherwise.\nIf it returns false, close the driver in main.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":17929109,"CreationDate":"2013-07-29T09:13:00.000","Title":"How can I close the browser when program is killed accidentally in selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have a server, written using tornado, which sends asynchronous messages to a client over websockets.  In this case, a javascript app running in Chrome on a Mac.  When the client is forcibly disconnected, in this case by putting the client to sleep, the server still thinks it is sending messages to the client.  Additionally, when the client awakens from sleep, the messages are delivered in a burst.\nWhat is the mechanism by which these messages are queued\/buffered?  Who is responsible?  Why are they still delivered?  Who is reconnecting the socket?  My intuition is that even though websockets are not request\/response like HTTP, they should still require ACK packets since they are built on TCP.  Is this being done on purpose to make the protocol more robust to temporary drops in the mobile age?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1868,"Q_Id":17934427,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Browsers may handle websocket client messages in a separate thread, which is not blocked by sleep.\nEven if a thread of your custom application is not active, when you force it to sleep (like sleep(100)), TCP connection is not closed in this case.  The socket handle is still managed by OS kernel and the TCP server still sends the messages until it reaches the TCP client's receive window overflow. And even after this an application on server side can still submit new messages successfully, which are buffered on TCP level on server side until TCP outgoing buffer is overflown. When outgoing buffer is full, an application should get error code on send request, like \"no more space\". I have not tried myself, but it should behave like this.\nTry to close the client (terminate the process), you will see totally different picture - the server will notice disconnect.\nBoth cases, disconnect and overflow, are difficult to handle on server side for highly reliable scenarios. Disconnect case can be converted to overflow case (websocket server can buffer messages up to some limit on user space while client is being reconnected). However, there is no easy way to handle reliably overflow of transmit buffer limit. I see only one solution - propagate overflow error back to originator of the event, which raised the message, which has been discarded due to overflow.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,websocket,tornado","A_Id":18775244,"CreationDate":"2013-07-29T21:22:00.000","Title":"WebSocket messages get queued when client disconnected","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to make a simple script in python that will scan a tweet for a link and then visit that link. \nI'm having trouble determining which direction to go from here. From what I've researched it seems that I can Use Selenium or Mechanize? Which can be used for browser automation. Would using these be considered web scraping?\nOr\nI can learn one of the twitter apis , the Requests library, and pyjamas(converts python code to javascript) so I can make a simple script and load it into google chrome's\/firefox extensions. \nWhich would be the better option to take?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1466,"Q_Id":17937010,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I am not expect in web scraping. But I had some experience with both Mechanize and Selenium. I think in your case, either Mechanize or Selenium will suit your needs well, but also spend some time look into these Python libraries Beautiful Soup, urllib and urlib2.\nFrom my humble opinion, I will recommend you use Mechanize over Selenium in your case. Because, Selenium is not as light weighted compare to Mechanize. Selenium is used for emulating a real web browser, so you can actually perform 'click action'. \nThere are some draw back from Mechanize. You will find Mechanize give you a hard time when you try to click a type button input. Also Mechanize doesn't understand java-scripts, so many times I have to mimic what java-scripts are doing in my own python code.\nLast advise, if you somehow decided to pick Selenium over Mechanize in future. Use a headless browser like PhantomJS, rather than Chrome or Firefox to reduce Selenium's computation time. Hope this helps and good luck.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver,browser-automation,pyjamas","A_Id":17937214,"CreationDate":"2013-07-30T01:39:00.000","Title":"Can anyone clarify some options for Python Web automation","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Sometimes I am not sure when do I have to use one or another. I usually parse all sort of things with Python, but I would like to focus this question on HTML parsing.\nPersonally I find DOM manipulation really useful when having to parse more than two regular elements (i.e. title and body of a list of news, for example).\nHowever, I found myself in situations where it is not clear for me to build a regex or try to get the desired value simply manipulating strings. A particular fictional example: I have to get the total number of photos of an album, and the only way to get this is parsing the number of photos using this way:\n\n(1 of 190)\n\nSo I have to get the '190' from the whole HTML document. I could write a regex for that, although regex for parsing HTML is not exactly the best, or that is what I always understood. On the other hand, using DOM seems overwhelming for me as it is just a simple element. String manipulation seems to be the best way, but I am not really sure if I should proceed like that in such a similar case.\nCan you tell me how would you parse these kind of single elements from a HTML document using Python (or any other language)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":525,"Q_Id":18048512,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"People shy away from doing regexes to search HTML because it isn't the right tool for the job when parsing tags. But everything should be considered on a case-by-case basis. You aren't searching for tags, you are searching for a well-defined string in a document. It seems to me the simplest solution is just a regex or some sort of XPath expression -- simple parsing requires simple tools.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,regex,parsing,html-parsing","A_Id":18048532,"CreationDate":"2013-08-04T23:09:00.000","Title":"Should I use regex or just DOM\/string manipulation?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm building an authentication server in python and was wondering about how I could secure a connection totally between two peers totally? I cannot see how in any way a malicious user wouldn't be able to copy packets and simply analyze them if he understands what comes in which order.\nAdmitting a client server schema. Client asks for an Account. Even though SRP, packets can be copied and sent later on to allow login.\nThen now, if I add public - private key encryption, how do I send the public key to each other without passing them in an un-encrypted channel?\nSorry if my questions remains noobish or looks like I haven't minded about the question but I really have a hard time figuring out how I can build up an authentication process without having several security holes.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1317,"Q_Id":18065256,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"What you are asking about is part of what's commonly called \"key management.\"  If you google the term, you'll find lots of interesting reading.  You may well discover that there are other parts of key management that your solution needs to address, like revocation and rotation.\nIn the particular part of key management that you're looking at, you need to figure out how to have two nodes trust each other.  This means that you have to identify a separate thing that you trust on which to base the nodes' trust.  There are two common approaches:\n\nTrusting a third party.  This is the model that we use for most websites we visit.  When our computers  are created, the trusted third party creates the device to already know about and trust certain entities, like Verisign.  When we contact a web site over HTTPS, the browser automatically checks if Verisign (or another trusted third party certificate authority) agrees that this is the website that it claims to be.  The magic of Public Key Cryptography and how this works is a whole separate topic, which I recommend you investigate (just google for it :) ).\nSeparate, secure channel.  In this model, we use a separate channel, like an administrator who transfers the secret from one node to the other.  The admin can do this in any manner s\/he wishes, such as encrypted data carried carried via USB stick over sneakernet, or the data can be transferred across a separate SFTP server that s\/he has already bootstrapped and can verify that it's secure (such as with his\/her own internal certificate authority).  Some variations of this are sharing a PGP key on a business card (if you trust that the person giving you the business card is the person with whom you want to communicate), or calling the key-owner over the phone and verbally confirming that the hash of the data you received is the same as the hash of the data they sent.\n\nThere are on-line key exchange protocols - you can look them up, probably even on Wikipedia, using the phrase \"key exchange\", but you need to be careful that they actually guarantee the things you need to determine - like how does the protocol authenticate the other side of the communication channel.  For example, Diffie Hellman guarantees that you have exchanged a key without ever exchanging the actual contents of the key, but you don't know with whom you are communicating - it's an anonymous key exchange model.\nYou also mention that you're worried about message replay.  Modern secure communication protocols like SSH and TLS protect against this.  Any good protocol will have received analysis about its security properties, which are often well described on Wikipedia.\nOh, and you should not create your own protocol.  There are many tomes about how to write secure protocols, analyses of existing protocols and there security properties (or lack thereof).  Unless you're planning to become an expert in the topic (which will take many years and thousands of pages of reading), you should take the path of least resistance and just use a well known, well exercised, well respected protocol that does the work you need.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,security","A_Id":18065965,"CreationDate":"2013-08-05T18:34:00.000","Title":"How could i totally secure a connection between two nodes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have several S3 buckets containing a total of 40 TB of data across 761 million objects.  I undertook a project to copy these objects to EBS storage.  To my knowledge, all buckets were created in us-east-1.  I know for certain that all of the EC2 instances used for the export to EBS were within us-east-1.\nThe problem is that the AWS bill for last month included a pretty hefty charge for inter-regional data transfer.  I'd like to know how this is possible?\nThe transfer used a pretty simple Python script with Boto to connect to S3 and download the contents of each object.  I suspect that the fact that the bucket names were composed of uppercase letters might have been a contributing factor (I had to specify OrdinaryCallingFormat()), but I don't know this for sure.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":878,"Q_Id":18113426,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The problem ended up being an internal billing error at AWS and was not related to either S3 or Boto.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":18366790,"CreationDate":"2013-08-07T20:42:00.000","Title":"Boto randomly connecting to different regions for S3 transfers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a NodeJS-socketIO server that has clients listening from JS, PHP & Python. It works like a charm when the communication happens over plain HTTP\/WS channel. \nNow, when i try to secure this communication, the websocket transport is not working anymore. It falls back to xhr-polling(long polling) transport. Xhr-polling still works for JS client but not on python which purely depends on socket transport.\nThings i tried:\n\nOn node, Using https(with commercial certificates) instead of http - Works good for serving pages via Node but not for socketIO\nProxy via HAProxy (1.15-dev19). From HTTPS(HAProxy) to HTTP(Node). Couldn't get Websocket transport working and it falls back to xhr-polling on JS. Python gets 502 on handshake.\nProxy via STunnel (for HTTPS) -> HAProxy(Websocket Proxy) -> Node(SocketIO) - This doesnt work either. Python client still gets 502 on handshake.\nProxy via Stunnel(HTTPS) -> Node(SocketIO) - This doesnt work too. Not sure if STunnel support websocket proxy\nnode-http-proxy : Throws 500(An error has occurred: {\"code\":\"ECONNRESET\"}) on websocket and falls back to xhr-polling\n\nIm sure its a common use case and there is a solution exist. Would really appreciate any help. \nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1394,"Q_Id":18122835,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"My case seems to be a rare one. I built this whole environment on a EC2 instance based on Amazon Linux. As almost all the yum packages are not up to date, i had to install pretty much every yum packages from source. By doing so i could have missed configuration unchanged\/added. Or HAProxy required lib could have been not the latest. \nIn any case, i tried building the environment again on ubuntu 12.04 based EC2 instance. HAProxy worked like a charm with a bit of configuration tweaks. I can now connect my SocketIO server from JS, Python & PHP over SSL without any problem. I could also create a Secured TCP Amazon ELB that listens on 443 and proxy it to non-standard port (8xxx).\nLet me know if anyone else encounters a similar problem, I will be happy to help!","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,node.js,ssl,websocket,socket.io","A_Id":18315811,"CreationDate":"2013-08-08T09:47:00.000","Title":"NodeJS - SocketIO over SSL with websocket transport","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im using requests to routinely download a webpage and check it for updates, but recently ive been getting these errors : \n\nHTTPConnectionPool(host='somehost', port=someport): Max retries\n  exceeded with url: someurl (Caused by : [Errno\n  10060] A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not\n  properly respond after a period of time, or established connection\n  failed because connected host has failed to respond)\n\nNow this script has been running for weeks with this issue never coming up. Could it be that the site administrator has started blocking my proxy's IP?\nI should add that its not against the TOS of the site to scrape it. \nCan anyone help me figure out whats the reason for this?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6095,"Q_Id":18125212,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The remote connection timed out.\nThe host you are trying to connect to is not answering; it is not refusing connections, it is just not responding at all to connection attempts.\nPerhaps the host is overloaded or down? It could also be caused by the site blocking your IP address by dropping the packets (a firewall DROP rule instead of a REJECT rule).\nYou can try to connect to the site from a different IP address; if those connections work fine, but not from the original address, there is a higher likelihood that you are deliberately being blocked.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,python-requests","A_Id":18125252,"CreationDate":"2013-08-08T11:47:00.000","Title":"socket Errno 10060","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web application which acts as an interface to an offsite server which runs a very long task.  The user enters information and hits submit and then chrome waits for the response, and loads a new webpage when it receives it.  However depending on the network, input of the user, the task can take a pretty long time and occasionally chrome loads a \"no data received page\" before the data is returned (though the task is still running).\nIs there a way to put either a temporary page while my task is thinking or simply force chrome to continue waiting?  Thanks in advance","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13355,"Q_Id":18127128,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Let's assume:\n\nThis is not a server issue, so we don't have to go fiddle with Apache, nginx, etc. timeout settings. \nThe delay is minutes, not hours or days, just to make the scenario manageable.\nYou control the web page on which the user hits submit, and from which user interaction is managed.\n\nIf those obtain, I'd suggest not using a standard HTML form submission, but rather have the submit button kick off a JavaScript function to oversee processing. It would put up a \"please be patient...this could take a little while\" style message, then use jQuery.ajax, say, to call the long-time-taking server with a long timeout value. jQuery timeouts are measured in milliseconds, so 60000 = 60 seconds. If it's longer than that, increase your specified timeout accordingly. I have seen reports that not all clients will allow super-extra-long timeouts (e.g. Safari on iOS apparently has a 60-second limitation).  But in general, this will give you a platform from which to manage the interactions (with your user, with the slow server) rather than being at the mercy of simple web form submission.\nThere are a few edge cases here to consider. The web server timeouts may indeed need to be adjusted upward (Apache defaults to 300 seconds aka 5 minutes, and nginx less, IIRC). Your client timeouts (on iOS, say) may have maximums too low for the delays you're seeing. Etc. Those cases would require either adjusting at the server, or adopting a different interaction strategy. But an AJAX-managed interaction is where I would start.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,web-applications,flask","A_Id":18130320,"CreationDate":"2013-08-08T13:20:00.000","Title":"Time out issues with chrome and flask","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I get the number of milliseconds since epoch?\nNote that I want the actual milliseconds, not seconds multiplied by 1000. I am comparing times for stuff that takes less than a second and need millisecond accuracy. (I have looked at lots of answers and they all seem to have a *1000)\nI am comparing a time that I get in a POST request to the end time on the server. I just need the two times to be in the same format, whatever that is. I figured unix time would work since Javascript has a function to get that","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":72159,"Q_Id":18169099,"Users Score":30,"Answer":"time.time() * 1000 will give you millisecond accuracy if possible.","Q_Score":36,"Tags":"python,benchmarking","A_Id":18169127,"CreationDate":"2013-08-11T05:37:00.000","Title":"Comparing times with sub-second accuracy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What would be a node.js templating library that is similar to Jinja2 in Python?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14114,"Q_Id":18175466,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The ejs is the npm module which you are looking for.\n\nThis is the name written in my package.json file --> \"ejs\": \"^3.1.3\"\n\nEJS is a simple templating language that lets you generate HTML markup with plain JavaScript.(Credits: Ejs website)","Q_Score":22,"Tags":"python,node.js,jinja2,language-comparisons","A_Id":63772013,"CreationDate":"2013-08-11T18:49:00.000","Title":"Templating library in node.js similar to Jinja2 in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on a project which would animate points on a plain by certain methods. I intend to compute the movements of the points in python on server-side and to do the visualization on client-side by a javascript library (raphaeljs.com).\nFirst I thought of the following: Running the process(python) and saving the states of the points into an xml file, than load that from javascript and visualize. Now I realized that maybe it would run for infinity thus I would need a realtime data exchange between the visualization part and the computing part.\nHow would you do that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":288,"Q_Id":18212995,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First of all, I would suggest JSON rather than XML to be used for exchange format, it is much easier to parse JSON at the javascript side.\nThen, speaking about the architecture of your app, I think that it is better to write a server web application in Python to generate JSON content on the fly than to modify and serve static files (at least that is how such things are done usually).\nSo, that gives us three components of your system:\n\nA client app (javascript).\nA web application (it does not matter what framework or library you prefer: django, gevent, even Twisted will work fine, as well as some others). What it should do is, firstly, giving the state of the points to the client app when it requests, and, secondly, accepting updates of the points' state from the next app and storing them in a database (or in global variables: that strongly depends on how you run it, a single process gevent app may use variables, when an app running withing a multi-process web server should use a database).\nAn app performing calculations that periodically publishes the points' state by sending it to the web app, probably as JSON body in a POST request. This one most likely should be a separate app due to the typical environment of the web applications: usually it is a problem to perform background processes in a web app, and, anyway, the way this can be done strongly depends on the environment you run your app in.\n\nOf course, this architecture is based on \"server publishes data, clients ask for data\" model. That model is simple and easy to implement, and the main problem with it is that the animation may not be as smooth as one may want. Also you are not able to notify clients immediately if some changes require urgent update of client's interface. However, smoothness and immediate client notifications are usually hard to implement when a javascript client runs within a browser.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,plot,visualization,data-visualization","A_Id":18213493,"CreationDate":"2013-08-13T15:19:00.000","Title":"connect server-side computing with client-side visualization","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a series of local gif files. I was wondering how I would be able to open this series of local gifs using the webbrowser module. I am, by the way, running on Mac OS X Snow Leapord. Whenever I try to use the webbrowser.open('file:gif_name') snippet, my computer throws the error 0:30: execution error: Bad name for file. some object (-37). Any help would be greatly appreciated!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":231,"Q_Id":18222808,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use this line: webbrowser.open('file:\/\/'+os.getcwd()+'\/gif_name.gif') and change the default app to view pictures to Chrome.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,browser,gif","A_Id":18229495,"CreationDate":"2013-08-14T03:39:00.000","Title":"Opening Series of Gifs in Chrome Using webbrowser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently acquired a Go Pro Hero 3. Its working fine but when i attempt to stream live video\/audio it gitches every now and then.\nInitially i just used vlc to open the m3u8 file, however when that was glitchy i downloaded the android app and attempted to stream over that.\nIt was a little better on the app.\nI used wireshark and i think the cause of it is its simply not transferring\/buffering fast enough. Tried just to get everything with wget in loop, it got through 3 loops before it either: caught up (possible but i dont think so ... though i may double check that) or fell behind and hence timed out\/hung.\nThere is also delay in the image, but i can live with that.\nI have tried lowering the resolution\/frame rate but im not sure if it is actually doing anything as i can't tell any difference. I think it may be just the settings for recording on the go pro. Either way, it didn't work.\nEssentially i am looking for any possible methods for removing this 'glitchiness'\nMy current plan is to attempt writing something in python to get the files over UDP (no TCP overhead).\nIll just add a few more details\/symptoms:\nThe Go Pro is using the Apple m3u8 streaming format.\nAt anyone time there are 16 .ts files in the folder. (26 Kb each)\nThese get overwritten in a loop (circular buffer)\nWhen i stream on vlc:\nApprox 1s delay - streams fine for ~0.5s, stops for a little less than that, then repeats.\nWhat i think is happening is the file its trying to transfer gets overwritten which causes it to timeout.\nOver the android App:\nLess delay and shorter 'timeouts' but still there\nI want to write a python script to try get a continuous image. The files are small enough that they should fit in a single UDP packet (i think ... 65Kb ish right?)\nIs there anything i could change in terms of wifi setting on my laptop to improve it too?\nIe some how dedicate it to that?\nThanks,\nStephen","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9059,"Q_Id":18227789,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I've been working on creating a GoPro API recently for Node.js and found the device very glitchy too. Its much more stable after installing the latest gopro firmware (3.0.0).\nAs for streaming, I couldnt get around the wifi latency and went for a record and copy approach.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,video-streaming,wifi,gopro","A_Id":20150294,"CreationDate":"2013-08-14T09:22:00.000","Title":"Go Pro Hero 3 - Streaming video over wifi","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am sending coordinates of points to a visualizational client-side script via TCP over the internet. I wonder which option I should use:\n\nconcat the coordinates into a large string and send them together, or\nsend them one by one\n\nI don't know which one the faster is. I have some other questions too:\n\nWhich one should I use?\nIs there a maximum size of packet of TCP? (python: maximum size of string for client.send(string))\nAs it is a visualization project should I use UDP instead of TCP?\nCould you please tell me a bit about lost packet? When do they occur? How to deal with them?\n\nSorry for the many questions, but I really struggle with this issue...","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2040,"Q_Id":18269786,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"When you send a string, that might be sent in multiple TCP packets. If you send multiple strings, they might all be sent in one TCP packet. You are not exposed to the packets, TCP sockets are just a constant stream of data. Do not expect that every call to recv() is paired with a single call to send(), because that isn't true. You might send \"abcd\" and \"efg\", and might read in \"a\", \"bcde\", and \"fg\" from recv().\nIt is probably best to send data as soon as you get it, so that the networking stack has as much information about what you're sending, as soon as possible. It will decide exactly what to do. You can send as big a string as you like, and if necessary, it will be broken up to send over the wire. All automatically.\nSince in TCP you don't deal with packets, things like lost packets also aren't your concern. That's all handled automatically -- either the data gets through eventually, or the connection closes.\nAs for UDP - you probably don't want UDP. :)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,udp,package","A_Id":18271774,"CreationDate":"2013-08-16T09:11:00.000","Title":"send one big packet of many small over TCP\/UDP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently started working on a project using just vim as my text editor with a virtualenv setup. I installed a few API's on this virtualenv from GitHub. Eventually, the project got a little bigger than vim could handle so I had to move the project to an IDE. \n    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 I chose Aptana Studio 3. When I started up Aptana, I pointed the project directory to the virtualenv folder that I had created to house my project. I then pointed the interpreter at the Python executable in App\/bin (created from virtualenv)\/python2.7. When I started reworking the code to make sure I had everything mapped correctly, I was able to import the API's that I had installed just fine. CherryPy came through with no problems, but I've been having an issue with importing a module that I believe is part of the stdlib--urlparse. At first, I thought it was that my python interpreter was 2.7.1 rather than 2.7.5 (I found the documentation in the 2.7.5 section with no option to review 2.7.1), but my terminal is using 2.7.1 and is able to import the module without any errors (I'm using OSX, Mountain Lion). I am also able to import the module when I activate the virtualenv and run my python interpreter. But when I plug \"from urlparse import parse_qsl\" into Aptana, I'm getting an error: \"Unresolved_import: parse_qsl\". \n \u00a0 \u00a0 Should I have pointed this at a different interpreter and, if so, will I need to reinstall the API modules I had been working with in the new interpreter?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":183,"Q_Id":18301534,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Update: I finally ended up restarting the project. It turns out that not all of the standard Python tools are selected when you select the virtualenv interpreter. After I selected all of the python tools from the list (just after choosing the interpreter), I was able to get access to the entire standard library.\n\u00a0 \u00a0 Do NOT just import the modules into your project. Many of the stdlib modules are interdependent and the import function will only import a module into your main project directory, not a libary!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,aptana3,python-import,pythonpath,urlparse","A_Id":18302731,"CreationDate":"2013-08-18T16:58:00.000","Title":"Aptana Python stdlib issue with virtualenv","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a Python tool for wide distribution (as .exe\/.app) that will email reports to the user.  Currently (in testing), I'm using smtplib to build the message and send it via GMail, which requires a login() call.  However, I'm concerned as to the security of this - I know that Python binaries aren't terribly secure, and I'd rather not have the password stored as plaintext in the executable.\nI'm not terribly familiar with email systems, so I don't know if there's something that could securely be used by the .exe.  I suppose I could set up a mail server without authentication, but I'm concerned that it'll end up as a spam node.  Is there a setup that will allow me to send mail from a distributed Python .exe\/.app without opening it to potential attacks?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":241,"Q_Id":18317455,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"One possible solution is to create a web backend mantained by you which accepts a POST call and sends the passed message only to authorized addresses.\nThis way you can also mantain the list of email addresses on your server.\nLook at it like an online error alerter.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,smtp","A_Id":18317530,"CreationDate":"2013-08-19T15:23:00.000","Title":"Securely Send Email from Python Executable","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am getting this dump occasionally from OpenERP, but it seems harmless. The code serves HTTP; is this dump what happens when a connection is dropped?\n\nException happened during processing of request from ('10.100.2.71', 42799)\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/SocketServer.py\", line 582, in process_request_thread\n    self.finish_request(request, client_address)\n  File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/SocketServer.py\", line 323, in finish_request\n    self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)\n  File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/SocketServer.py\", line 640, in __init__\n    self.finish()\n  File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/SocketServer.py\", line 693, in finish\n    self.wfile.flush()\n  File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/socket.py\", line 303, in flush\n    self._sock.sendall(view[write_offset:write_offset+buffer_size])\nerror: [Errno 32] Broken pipe","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":354,"Q_Id":18322667,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This just means that the underlying TCP connection was abruptly dropped. In this case it means that you are trying to write data to a socket that has already been closed on the other side (by the client). It is harmless, it means that while your server was sending an HTTP response to the client (browser) she stopped the request (closed the browser for example).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,openerp","A_Id":18322809,"CreationDate":"2013-08-19T20:36:00.000","Title":"dump from OpenERP Python is harmless?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a Python script which will be run on many different servers. A vital part of the script relies on the paramiko module, but it's likely that the servers do not have the paramiko package installed already. Everything needs to automated, so all the user has to do is run the script and everything will be completed for them. They shouldn't need to manually install anything.\nI've seen that people recommend using Active Python \/ PyPM, but again, that requires an installation.\nIs there a way to download and install Paramiko (and any package) from a Python script?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5173,"Q_Id":18362568,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Wrap your Python program in a shell script that checks that paramiko is installed and if it isn't installs it before running your program.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,paramiko","A_Id":18363186,"CreationDate":"2013-08-21T16:11:00.000","Title":"How to download\/install paramiko on any sever from Python script?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to know how I can get content of a certain element by a dynamic id\/name in embeded python codes in web2py view page?\nBasically I want something like:\n{{for task in tasks:}}\n...\n{{=TEXTAREA(task['remark'], _name='remark'+str(task['id']), _id='remark'+str(task['id']), _rows=2)}}\n{{=A('OK', _class='button', _href=URL('update_remark', vars=dict(task_id=task['id'], new_remark=['remark'+str(task['id'])])))}}\nWhat I want the ['remark'+str(task['id'])] do is to get the content automatically but obviously it won't work, I'm wondering how I can achieve this? Is there any API that can help?\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":18386023,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I used a Form to achieve this. Working quite well.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,web2py","A_Id":18414025,"CreationDate":"2013-08-22T16:24:00.000","Title":"How to get content of element in embeded python codes in web2py view","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If you have a service that uses a specific port, and you have multiple computers on the same ip addess, how is this handled? Should the service specify to which computer on the ip address the information should be send? What if both computers on the same ip use the same service, but request different information?\nAlso, if a client is on a dynamic ip, how should the service detect that the ip has been changed, but the client (and the session) is the same? Should clients identify themselves for every request (much like cookies over http)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2393,"Q_Id":18429298,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You have many questions, I'll try to respond to them one by one.\n\nIf you have a service that uses a specific port, and you have multiple computers on the same ip addess, how is this handled?\n\nSomeone mentioned that multiple computers cannot have the same IP address.  In the original IP model, this is true, though today such address sharing (through NAT) is common.  But even in the original model, your question makes sense if you reformulate it slightly:\n\"If you have a service that uses a specific port, and you have multiple clients on the same ip address, how is this handled?\"\nThere can be multiple client processes on the same host (thus sharing the same IP address) trying to contact the same server (using the same destination address+port combination).  This was natural at the time IP was developed, as most machines powerful enough to connect to the network were multi-user machines.  That's why TCP (and UDP) have port numbers on both sides (source and destination, or client and server).  Client processes typically don't specify the source port when contacting a server, but an \"ephemeral\" source port is allocated to the socket by the host operating system for the lifetime of the socket (connection).  So this is how the server distinguishes between clients from the same address: by their source ports.\nNAT maps different hosts (with different \"internal\" IP addresses) to the same \"external\" IP addresses, but it also allocates unique source ports to outgoing packets.  So the server sees this just like the original case (multiple client processes from the same \"host\"\/IP address).  The NAT then \"demultiplexes\" the server's responses to the different internal hosts.\n\nShould the service specify to which computer on the ip address the information should be send?  What if both computers on the same ip use the same service, but request different information?\n\nThe server does this by sending responses to the same address+port combination that the different clients used as source address\/port.  This is mostly handled automatically by the socket API.  As described above, the two clients will get separate connections, and the server hopefully handles these as separate \"sessions\" and doesn't confuse requests between these sessions.\n\nAlso, if a client is on a dynamic ip, how should the service detect that the ip has been changed, but the client (and the session) is the same? Should clients identify themselves for every request (much like cookies over http)?\n\nNow, this is a whole can of worms.  If a service wants to \"survive\" client IP address changes, then it will have to use some other identifier.  HTTP (session) cookies are a good example.  TCP connections are broken by address changes - this is normal, as such changes weren't envisioned as part of normal operation when TCP\/IP was designed.  There have been attempts at making TCP\/IP more robust against such changes, such as Mobile IP, MPTCP, and possibly SCTP, but none of these have really entered the mainstream yet.  Basing your protocol on HTTP(S) and using session cookies may be your best bet.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,socketserver","A_Id":18432587,"CreationDate":"2013-08-25T13:05:00.000","Title":"Multiple clients from same IP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If you have a service that uses a specific port, and you have multiple computers on the same ip addess, how is this handled? Should the service specify to which computer on the ip address the information should be send? What if both computers on the same ip use the same service, but request different information?\nAlso, if a client is on a dynamic ip, how should the service detect that the ip has been changed, but the client (and the session) is the same? Should clients identify themselves for every request (much like cookies over http)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2393,"Q_Id":18429298,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't think I fully understand what you've said. There is no way that multiple computers will be on the same IP, this is not how the internet works.. There are protocols which hadels such things.\nDid you mean that you're a server and multiple computers try connect to you?\nIf so, you listen in a port and when you get a connection you open a new thread for the service of that computer and the main loop still listening","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,socketserver","A_Id":18429538,"CreationDate":"2013-08-25T13:05:00.000","Title":"Multiple clients from same IP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been working on developing a module in OpenERP 7.0. I have been using Python and the Eclipse IDE for development. I wanted to know the difference between self.browse() and self.pool.get() in OpenERP development.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":11039,"Q_Id":18437202,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"self.pool.get is used to get the Singleton instance of the orm model from the registry pool for the database in use. self.browse is a method of the orm model to return a browse record. \nAs a rough analogy, think of self.pool.get as getting a database cursor and self.browse as a sql select of a records by Id.  Note if you pass a browse an integer you get a single browse record, if you pass a list of ids you get a list of browse records.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,odoo","A_Id":18457696,"CreationDate":"2013-08-26T05:27:00.000","Title":"What's the difference between self.browse() and self.pool.get() in OpenERP development?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i have to basically make a program that take a user-input web address and parses html to find links . then stores all the links in another HTML file in a certain format. i only have access to builtin python modules (python 3) . im able to get the HTML code from the link using urllib.request and put that into a string. how would i actually go about extracting links from this string and putting them into a string array? also would it be possible to identify links (such as an image link \/ mp3 link) so i can put them into different arrays (then i could catagorize them when im creating the output file)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":718,"Q_Id":18455991,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"try to use HTML.Parser library or re library\nthey will help you to do that \nand i think you can use regex to do it \n\nr'http[s]?:\/\/[^\\s<>\"]+|www.[^\\s<>\"]+","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,python-3.x,html-parsing","A_Id":18456494,"CreationDate":"2013-08-27T02:27:00.000","Title":"Extracting links from HTML in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to check if some xml in a django app has certain elements\/nodes and if not just to skip that code block. I'm checking for the elements existance using hasattr(), which should return false if the element doesn't exist: \nif hasattr(product.ItemAttributes, 'ListPrice')  \\ and hasattr(product.Offers.Offer.OfferListing, 'PercentageSaved') \\\n                            and hasattr(product.LargeImage, 'URL'):\nExcept in my case it's throwing an attribute error:\nAttributeError at \/update_products\/\nno such child: {http:\/\/webservices.amazon.com\/AWSECommerceService\/2011-08-01}LargeImage\nI don't understand why it's throwing an error instead of just returning false and letting me skip the code block?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":361,"Q_Id":18474222,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The error is complaining about LargeImage. That's being caused by this expression: product.LargeImage. You might want to check for that first, or even better, put this in a try\/except block.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":18474264,"CreationDate":"2013-08-27T19:50:00.000","Title":"hasattr() throws AttributeError","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a programming newbie, and I recently installed Python + Django, and successfully created a very small web app. Everything works fine, but I am puzzled about 4 digits that appear after HTTP status codes in Eclipse's console following any request I make to my server.\nExample: [27\/Aug\/2013 22:53:32] \"GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\" 200 1305\nWhat does 1305 represent here and in every other request?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":45,"Q_Id":18475321,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It's the size of the response, in bytes.\nNote that this has nothing to do with Eclipse, it's just the way Django's runserver formats its output.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,eclipse,http,pydev","A_Id":18476086,"CreationDate":"2013-08-27T20:56:00.000","Title":"Digits in Eclipse's console after HTTP status codes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"All_shortest_paths is not working in version 1.6 and i would like to update it to version 1.7. Is there a simple update command i can use?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3283,"Q_Id":18495789,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Just type \npip install networkx --upgrade\nThis would get you the latest release of Networkx ( 1.10 as of now).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networkx","A_Id":32207696,"CreationDate":"2013-08-28T18:41:00.000","Title":"How do i update the networkx from version 1.6 to 1.7?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a default installation of Elasticsearch which I am trying to query from a third party server. However, it seems that by default this is blocked. \nIs anyone please able to tell me how I can configure Elasticsearch so that I can query it from a different server?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15468,"Q_Id":18499338,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is no restriction by default, ElasticSearch expose a standard HTTP API on the port 9200.\nFrom your third party server, are you able to: curl http:\/\/es_hostname:9200\/?","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,security,lucene,debian,elasticsearch","A_Id":18514779,"CreationDate":"2013-08-28T22:29:00.000","Title":"Allowing remote access to Elasticsearch","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a default installation of Elasticsearch which I am trying to query from a third party server. However, it seems that by default this is blocked. \nIs anyone please able to tell me how I can configure Elasticsearch so that I can query it from a different server?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15468,"Q_Id":18499338,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"In config\/elasticsearch.yml, put network.host: 0.0.0.0.\nAnd also add Inbound Rule in firewall for your ElasticSearch port(9200 ByDefault).\nIt worked in ElasticSearch version 2.3.0","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,security,lucene,debian,elasticsearch","A_Id":37047491,"CreationDate":"2013-08-28T22:29:00.000","Title":"Allowing remote access to Elasticsearch","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This is likely too general a question but, googlin' around for hours, I haven't found anything. \nI have a web application based on zope\/plone\/python where zope\/plone is used, among other things, as a soap and xml-rpc web server.\nHowever sometimes (when response is \"big\") my xml-rpc response is truncated(*) as if the xml-rpc protocol could not handle more than \"x\" characters (or bytes).\nIs anyone aware of this?\nBonus question:\nIf you were in my shoes, what would you look for during \"investigation\"?\n\nI've also added \"python\" tag because zope\/plone components are written in this language and, maybe, there are some pythoners that could help me.\n(*) Received to caller (that is onto another network, for example) truncated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2236,"Q_Id":18532363,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Be aware that control characters in response content could block the parsing of the xml and, for example, just cut data. At least this is what happened to me.\nMaybe I'm a little bit late, anyway I spent so much time today on this issue that I would like to share what I've finally found.\nAt the beginning I've tried to check if there is some limits somewhere: in xml-rpc server php code, in my apache http server, in the python xml-rpc client (base on incution xml-rpc library)... but found nothing.\nThan I begun searching for hidden control characters in the response content and finally found a record separator ASCII character. Deleted and all worked well.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,plone,xml-rpc,zope","A_Id":27062942,"CreationDate":"2013-08-30T11:56:00.000","Title":"Does xml-rpc have some kind of \"response length limit\"?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to match both formats like: user:pass@112.213.123.12:3847 and 111.23.123.78:2938, how do you do that(match valid proxy only)? \nAnd by the way, is there such module(validate proxy formats) in python already?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3078,"Q_Id":18546053,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The solution I'm currently using to accept http \/ https only, username:password optionally and host as an IP or domain name is the following:\n\n^(?:https?:\\\/\\\/)(?:(\\w+)(?::(\\w*))@)?([a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]{0,1}\\.([a-zA-Z]{1,6}|[a-zA-Z0-9-]{1,30}\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,3})|((?:\\d{1,3})(?:\\.\\d{1,3}){3}))(?::(\\d{1,5}))$\n\nI hope it helps","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,regex","A_Id":61012316,"CreationDate":"2013-08-31T08:14:00.000","Title":"How to perfectly match a proxy with regex?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Ok so what I'd like to do is have a game written in python and for all the multiplayer to be handled socket.io just because these are two things I'm fairly familiar with and I wanna keep possibilities for a web version or web app for the game open\nSo what I'm wondering is, how exactly do I do this and would it be better to embed a javascript parser on the client side or contact node.js from python directly","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":347,"Q_Id":18555139,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Assuming your Python objects are simple enough (not instances of classes, say), just send a JSON representation (json.dumps()) of them to the socket.io side. I am assuming you can parse JSON on the client side if needed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,node.js,socket.io","A_Id":18555399,"CreationDate":"2013-09-01T04:10:00.000","Title":"Sending python objects to node.js via socket.io","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am pretty new to python and sometimes things that seems pretty easy become lot complicated than expected\nI am currently using a bytes buffer to read from a socket:\ndata = self.socket.recv(size)\nand then process part of that buffer and need remove it\nThe thing is that I've been looking for a way to do that and didn't find a clue in the whole evening, I am pretty sure that I am not getting any fair results because of the words involved, or maybe it's not possible\nI tried with \"del\" but got an error saying that it's not supported\nAm I doing it the wrong way? Maybe someone could lead me the right way? :)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23868,"Q_Id":18563018,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I think I found the proper way, just looking from another perspective:\nself.data = self.data[Index:]\njust copying what I need to itself again","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,python-3.x","A_Id":18563064,"CreationDate":"2013-09-01T21:14:00.000","Title":"How to remove a range of bytes from a bytes object in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web socket server running on an Ubuntu 12.04 EC2 Instance. My web socket server is written in Python, I am using Autobahn WebSockets.\nI have a JavaScript client that uses WebRTC to capture webcam frames and send them to the web socket server.\nMy webserver (where the JavaScript is hosted) is not deployed on EC2. The python web socket server only do video frame processing and is running over TCP and port 9000.\nMy Problem:\nThe JS client can connect to the web socket and the server receives and processes the webcam frames. However, after 5 or 6 minutes the client stops sending the frames and displaying the following message:\n\nWebSocket connection to 'ws:\/\/x.x.x.x:9000\/' failed: Failed to send\n  WebSocket frame.\n\nWhen I print the error data I got \"undefined\".\nOf course, this never happens when I run the server on my local testing environment.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1419,"Q_Id":18647154,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This could be caused by to a Chrome Extension.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,websocket","A_Id":20952263,"CreationDate":"2013-09-05T22:46:00.000","Title":"JavaScript client failed to send WebSocket frame to WebSocket server on Amazon EC2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a class that implements the asyncore module, it serves as a client that connects to HOST_A. The problem is I need to pass the data received from HOST_A to a HOST_B. So i'm wondering if asyncore can create two socket connections to HOST_A and HOST_B.Is this possible?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":283,"Q_Id":18655290,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can make one connection per socket at the same time only. But this doesn't mean that you can't do what you want to, however you'll need 2 sockets for 2 connections.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,asyncore","A_Id":18655376,"CreationDate":"2013-09-06T10:12:00.000","Title":"Can python asyncore module handle\/connect more than one socket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can ipython notebook be used when not connected to the internet?\nMy installation doesn't open a web browser tab if not online.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.6640367703,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24898,"Q_Id":18704175,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Yes, it should work without needing an internet connection. If a browser tab doesn't open automatically, open a browser and go to the URL it gives you in the terminal where you started the notebook (by default, this is http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8888\/ ). It uses the 'loopback' network interface, which stays within your own computer.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"ipython,offline","A_Id":18708798,"CreationDate":"2013-09-09T17:59:00.000","Title":"Using ipython notebook offline","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to figure out how to set a cookie just before a redirect from Cherrypy. My situation is this:  \n\nwhen a user logs in, I would like to set a cookie with the users username for use in\nclient-side code (specifically, inserting the users name into each\npage to show who is currently logged in).\n\nThe way my login system works is that after a successful login, the user is redirected to whatever page they were trying to access before logging in, or the default page. Technically they are redirected to a different domain, since the login page is secure while the rest of the site is not, but it is all on the same site\/hostname. Redirection is accomplished by raising a cherrypy.HTTPRedirect(). I would like to set the cookie either just before or just after the redirect, but when I tried setting cherrypy.response.cookie[<tag>]=<value> before the redirect, it does nothing. At the moment I have resorted to setting the cookie in every index page of my site, in the hopes that that will cover most of the redirect options, but I don't like this solution. Is there a better option, and if so what?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":816,"Q_Id":18746272,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"To answer my own question: It would appear that if I add cherrypy.response.cookie[<tag>]['path'] = '\/' after setting the cookie value, it works as desired.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,redirect,cookies,cherrypy","A_Id":18746486,"CreationDate":"2013-09-11T16:13:00.000","Title":"Python\/Cherrypy: set cookie on redirect","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"At my office we had PDFs designed using Adobe LiveCycle Designer that allows you to import xml data into the form to populate it. I would like to know if I could automate the process of importing the xml data into the form using python. \nIdeally I would like it if I didn't have to re-create the form using python since the form itself is quite complex. I've looked up several different modules and they all seem to be able to read pdfs or create them from scratch, but not populate them. \nIs there a python module out there that would have that kind of functionality?\nEdit: I should mention that I don't have access to LiveCycle.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":935,"Q_Id":18792536,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Perhaps what you are looking for is whether Adobe LiveCycle Designer support command-line arguments to do that. You could then automate this with python by issuing the command-line, hum, commands.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,xml,pdf","A_Id":18794296,"CreationDate":"2013-09-13T18:03:00.000","Title":"Import XML data into a PDF form using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"After trying to find some help on the internet related to flash testing through selenium, all I find is FlexUISelenium package available for Selenium RC. I DO NOT find any such package available for Selenium Webdriver. \nI am working with python and selenium webdriver and I do not see any packages available to automate flash applications. Is there any such package available at all for webdriver? If not, how do I start automating a flash application in webdriver?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2568,"Q_Id":18799033,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use flashselenium or sikuli for flash object testing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,flash,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":18804048,"CreationDate":"2013-09-14T06:29:00.000","Title":"How to perform flash object testing in selenium webdriver with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am scraping a web page with Scrapy. I wrote my spider and it works just fine, it scrapes a list of Items on a page (let's call it this the Main page). \nIn the Main page every Item I consider has a link that leads to the detail Item page (let's call it this way) where detailed information about every item is found. \nNow I want to scrape the details pages too, but the spider would be different, there are different information to be found in different places. Is it possible to tell scrapy to look for links in a particular place and then scrape those pages linked with another spider I am going to define?\nI hope my explanation was clear enough. Thanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":185,"Q_Id":18823407,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Identify the pattern first, then write the scraper for each pattern and then depending upon the link you are tracing use the relevant scraper function.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":18831329,"CreationDate":"2013-09-16T08:22:00.000","Title":"Scrape follow link with different scraper","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to be able to read messages from a specific user in skype using skype4py then send an automated response based upon the message back to the skype chat window. That way a user could message me and get an automated response saying that I'm currently busy or whatever. I really just need to know how to read and send skype chat using skype4py in python. Thanks for your time.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2426,"Q_Id":18836983,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I do not want to give you all the answer so that you can improve your coding skills but I will give you some clues:\n1)Use boolean values for being activated and deactivated\n2)Set a command that activates and deactivates\n3) set a value that if reaceived or sent chat and true\/false then reply.\nGave you a lot of clues! Good look!.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,skype4py","A_Id":20256552,"CreationDate":"2013-09-16T20:44:00.000","Title":"Using python and skype4py to receive and send chat","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i just want to know that in python socket programming, when to use socket_PF_PACKET and when to use socket.AF_INET, what are difference between both of them?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":8603,"Q_Id":18838451,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Use AF_INET if you want to communicate using Internet protocols: TCP or UDP.  This is by far the most common choice, and almost certainly what you want.\nUse PF_PACKET if you want to send and receive messages at the most basic level, below the Internet protocol layer, for example because you are implementing the protocol yourself.  Your process must run as root (or with a special capability) to use PF_PACKET.  This is a very advanced option.  If you have to ask this question, you want AF_INET, not PF_PACKET.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-2.7,python-3.x","A_Id":18838540,"CreationDate":"2013-09-16T22:36:00.000","Title":"difference between socket.PF_PACKET and socket.AF_INET in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is the following possible in python using the mechanize module ?\n\nHaving 2 threads in a program, both accessing the same web server, but one of them is actually logged into the server with a user\/pass, while the other thread is just browsing the same web server without logging in.\n\nI see that if I login to a webserver (say X) using mozilla, and then I open chrome I am not logged in automatically and I have to login again in chrome. I want to have the same behaviour in a python multithreaded program, where one thread is logged in and the other is not.\nWhat would be a suitable way to do this ?\nThanks for any tips !","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":71,"Q_Id":18879888,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Simply use two different instances of mechanize.Browser. As both use their own chain of handlers, they don't share cookies, logins, etc... It doesn't really matter if you use them from different threads or not, they're completely isolated in any case.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,web-services,web,mechanize","A_Id":18880269,"CreationDate":"2013-09-18T18:41:00.000","Title":"A multi-threaded python program with a strange requirement :)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I use selenium, python webdriver to run my test application. I also have some selenium html tests that I would like to add to my application. This html tests are changing  quite ofen so I can not just convert those tests to python webdriver and add it to my app. I think I need somehow run those tests without changes from my python webdriver app. How can I do it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":141,"Q_Id":18888367,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use pySelenese module for python - it parses html test and let you run it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":18890907,"CreationDate":"2013-09-19T07:12:00.000","Title":"Execute selenium html tests from webdriver tests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Changed Selenium IDE source code format by following these steps:\nOptions>>Formats>>Python2\/UT\/RC>>Ok\n Format>>Python2\/UT\/RC\n Recorded code in IDE stop\nNow playback button is not enabled. Try to export code to Python2\/UT\/RC to Eclipse(Python) enabled but there also it is not working, when trying to execute it is opening a box with \"Ant\" and close.\nPlease help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":179,"Q_Id":18921546,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just you need to revert the steps to work.\nOptions>Formats>HTML\nIt should work.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver,selenium-rc,selenium-ide","A_Id":18952607,"CreationDate":"2013-09-20T16:27:00.000","Title":"Selenium IDE playback is not working","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to calculate round trip time for the communication between client and server in tcp connections.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1348,"Q_Id":18930996,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Assuming you have control over both client and server, send a message to the server with a time-stamp on it and have the server merely return the timestamp back to the client.  When the client receives this back, it compares the current timestamp to the one in the payload and voila, the difference is the time it took for a round-trip.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7","A_Id":18931016,"CreationDate":"2013-09-21T09:22:00.000","Title":"Tcp round trip time calculation using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to fetch user profile photo on an MS Exchange network using Python?  \nCurrently users signup with their company domain, and I'd like to fetch their profile photo automatically.  Maybe something similar to gravatar, but for Microsoft networks?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":452,"Q_Id":18962170,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The data is actually stored in the Active Directory. I don't remember the AD attribute off the top of my head, but on the MAPI level, the property can be retrieved from the PR_EMS_AB_THUMBNAIL_PHOTO (PidTagThumbnailPhone) property.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,outlook,exchange-server,gravatar,avatar","A_Id":18970588,"CreationDate":"2013-09-23T14:39:00.000","Title":"Fetch Microsoft Exchange \/ Outlook profile photo using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to generate a signature in Node.js.  Here is a python example:\nsignature = hmac.new(SECRET, msg=message, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).hexdigest().upper()\nI have this:\nsignature = crypto.createHmac('sha256', SECRET).update(message).digest('hex').toUpperCase()\nWhat am I doing wrong?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1076,"Q_Id":18993675,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Checked the node manuals as well. It looks correct to me. What about the ; in the end of the chain?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,node.js,hmac,digest","A_Id":18993775,"CreationDate":"2013-09-24T23:15:00.000","Title":"Nodejs equivalent of Python HMAC signature?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to automatically install the xmlsec1 requirement of PySAML2 using pip?\nThe current project requires many packages and all are installed using pip and a requirements.txt file. I am now starting a SAML SSO implementation and need to install PySAML2. However, all the docs state that xmlsec1 needs to be installed as a requirement, and the pip install did not install it.\nIs it possible to install xmlsec1 using pip? I see that PIL and pycrypto can successfully install external libs, so I am wondering as to why xmlsec1 cannot be installed using pip as part of PySAML2 dependencies.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3036,"Q_Id":19011091,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Someone would need to create a pypi package containing a xmlsec1 binary.\nSuch package doesn't exist yet because it's:\n\nquite unnatural - xmlsec1 is C application, not a python lib\nhard - it has to be cross platform which is more hassle in C apps than in Python\npython bindings should be written around xmlsec1 for a package to be at least somewhat relevant to pypi.\n\nIt shouldn't be impossible, and I'd love to be able to type \"pip install xmlsec1\" and see it doing all hard work. Unfortunately so far noone bothered implementing it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,saml,saml-2.0","A_Id":19993471,"CreationDate":"2013-09-25T17:06:00.000","Title":"Installing pysaml2 with pip - the xmlsec1 requirement","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm running Python 2.6.5 on ec2 and I've replaced the old ftplib with the newer one from Python2.7 that allows importing of FTP_TLS. Yet the following hangs up on me:\nfrom ftplib import FTP_TLS\nftp = FTP_TLS('host', 'username', 'password')\nftp.retrlines('LIST') (Times out after 15-20 min)\n\nI'm able to run these three lines successfully in a matter of seconds on my local machine, but it fails on ec2. Any idea as to why this is?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":659,"Q_Id":19011517,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're still having trouble could you try ruling out Amazon firewall problems. (I'm assuming you're not using a host based firewall.)\nIf your EC2 instance is in a VPC then in the AWS Management Console could you:\n\nensure you have an internet gateway\nensure that the subnet your EC2 instance is in has a default route (0.0.0.0\/0) configured pointing at the internet gateway\nin the Security Group for both inbound and outbound allow All Traffic from all sources (0.0.0.0\/0)\nin the Network ACLs for both inbound and outbound allow All Traffic from all sources (0.0.0.0\/0)\n\nIf your EC2 instance is NOT in a VPC then in the AWS Management Console could you:\n\nin the Security Group for inbound allow All Traffic from all sources (0.0.0.0\/0)\n\nOnly do this in a test environment! (obviously)\nThis will open your EC2 instance up to all traffic from the internet. Hopefully you'll find that your FTPS is now working. Then you can gradually reapply the security rules until you find out the cause of the problem. If it's still not working then the AWS firewall is not the cause of the problem (or you have more than one problem).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,ftp,amazon-ec2,ftplib","A_Id":19076508,"CreationDate":"2013-09-25T17:33:00.000","Title":"EC2 fails to connect via FTPS, but works locally","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a multiplayer game, so once the server started i want to broadcast server name continuously so that client can know that there are some server is running. I don't want to give IP address and port number to connect to server. can someone help me to broadcast server name.\n\nits an app not an web app.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6087,"Q_Id":19032609,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the location of your server is constant, why wouldn't you just define the server ip address in your code and have your script connect to it? The user would never have to see the ip address of your server.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-2.7,socketserver,python-sockets","A_Id":19033825,"CreationDate":"2013-09-26T15:38:00.000","Title":"Broadcasting socket server in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Consider following problem:\nI have a gtk \/ tk app which displays content from a website in a List(Store). I want to do the following things in order:\n\ndisplay the window & start downloading\nshow a progress bar\non completion of the downloads add the data into the list(Store)\n\nThis is the condition: the user has to be able to interact with the app while it is downloading. That means that the program is in the window's mainloop during the entire download.\nWhat does not work:\n\nurllib.urlopen() waits for the entire download to complete\nPopen() does not allow the communication I want between the two threads\n\nHow to notify the program that the download has complete is the biggest question\nSince I am event driven anyway because of Tk\/Gtk I might as well use signals\nMy preferred way of solving this would be registering an additional signal \"dl_done\" and sending that signal to gtk when the download has finished. Is that even possible?\nAny suggestions are apreciated!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":97,"Q_Id":19079107,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"A simple solution is:\n\nto share a Queue object between the Gtk thread and the download thread\nwhen a download is complete, you put the data in the queue (eg. a tuple with the\ndownload URL and the downloaded contents) from the download thread\nin the Gtk thread, you set up a glib timer checking periodically if something\nnew is in the queue (say, every 100 milliseconds for example) thanks to the \"get_nowait\"\nmethod of the Queue object.\n\nYou can have multiple download threads, if needed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":19079260,"CreationDate":"2013-09-29T14:20:00.000","Title":"Multithreading url requests in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to implement a data driven test approach using Selenium (Python) but I've run into an issue selecting dynamic values from multiple combo boxes. I'm currently aware of one option, using method driver.execute_script(\"JAVASCRIPT TO GET COMBO BOX OPTION\") but hard coding the values defeats the purpose of automated data driven testing. Is there any other solution?\nP.S Please let me know if there is any additional info needed.\nThanks,\nEric","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":252,"Q_Id":19096111,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think this should $(\"#id\").val() give you the value i guess","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,data-driven-tests","A_Id":19096169,"CreationDate":"2013-09-30T13:56:00.000","Title":"Selecting combo box values","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"the idea is that, say a developer has a set of tests to run against locahost:8000 and he has hardcoded that in his tests. \nWhen we setup a proxy in a browser, the browser handles the proxy so that users only care about typing localhost:8000 instead of localhost:proxy_port. Browser actually sends request and receives response from the proxy port.\nCan we simulate such so that the tests don't have to change to localhost:proxy_port (and the proxy server knows to route to port 8000). instead, the developer can continue to run as localhost:8000 in his tests, but when he's running his tests, the request automatically goes through the proxy server.\nPS: Also without changing the port of the server. Since the assumption is that the port 8000 is running as application server and changing it to another port can break other things! So saying \"change proxy server port to 8000 and my webapp server to 80001\" doesn't solve the whole problem.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":486,"Q_Id":19108182,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Set the HTTP_PROXY environment variable (and export it), and Python will honour that (as far as the standard library is used).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,testing,proxy","A_Id":19108770,"CreationDate":"2013-10-01T04:45:00.000","Title":"Can we simulate a browser proxy mechanism in a Python script?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am building a gevent application in which I use gevent.http.HTTPServer. The application must support CORS, and properly handle HTTP OPTIONS requests. However, when OPTIONS arrives, HTTPServer automatically sends out a 501 Not Implemented, without even dispatching anything to my connection greenlet.\nWhat is the way to work around this? I would not want to introduce an extra framework\/web server via WSGI just to be able to support HTTP OPTIONS.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":374,"Q_Id":19114113,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Practically the only option in this situation is to switch to using WSGI. I ended up switching to pywsgi.WSGIServer, and the problem solved itself.\nIt's important to understand that switching to WSGI in reality introduces very little (if any) overhead, giving you so many benefits that the practical pros far outweigh the hypothetical cons.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,cors,gevent","A_Id":21741160,"CreationDate":"2013-10-01T10:40:00.000","Title":"CORS with gevent","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"One of the values in a JSON file I'm parsing is Wroc\\u00c5\\u0082aw. How can I turn this string into a unicode object that yields \"Wroc\u0142aw\" (which is the correct decoding in this case)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":10963,"Q_Id":19161501,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It looks your JSON hasn't the right encoding because neither \\u00c5 nor \\u0082aw yields the characters you're expecting in any encoding. \nBut you'd maybe try to encode this value in UTF8 or UTF16","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,json,unicode","A_Id":19161687,"CreationDate":"2013-10-03T14:10:00.000","Title":"Reading JSON: what encoding is \"\\u00c5\\u0082\"? How do I get it to a unicode object?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to make a Web Crawling do requests and bring the responses complete and quickly, if possible.\nI come from the Java language. I used two \"frameworks\" and neither fully satisfied my intent.\nThe Jsoup had the request\/response fast but wore incomplete data when the page had a lot of information. The Apache HttpClient was exactly the opposite of this, reliable data but very slow.\nI've looked over some of Python modules and I'm testing Scrapy. In my searches, I was unable to conclude whether it is the fastest and brings the data consistently, or is there some other better, even more verbose or difficult.\nSecond, Python is a good language for this purpose?\nThank you in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":724,"Q_Id":19171483,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"+1 votes for Scrapy. For the past several weeks I have been writing crawlers of massive car forums, and Scrapy is absolutely incredible, fast, and reliable.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":19171556,"CreationDate":"2013-10-04T00:58:00.000","Title":"Python Crawling - Requests faster","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have background in Java and I am new to Python. I want to make sure I understand correctly Python terminology before I go ahead.\nMy understanding of a module is: a script which can be imported by many scripts, to make reading easier. Just like in java you have a class, and that class can be imported by many other classes.\nMy understanding of a library is: A library contains many modules which are separated by its use. \nMy question is: Are libraries like packages, where you have a package e.g. called food, then: \n\n\nchocolate.py \nsweets.py\nbiscuts.py\n\n\nare contained in the food package? \nOr do libraries use packages, so if we had another package drink:\n\nmilk.py \njuice.py\n\ncontained in the package. The library contains two packages? \nAlso, an application programming interface (API) usually contains a set of libraries is this at the top of the hierarchy: \n\nAPI \nLibrary\nPackage\nModule\nScript\n\nSo an API will consist off all from 2-5?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108126,"Q_Id":19198166,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I will try to answer this without using terms the earliest of beginners would use,and explain why or how they used differently, along with the most \"official\" and\/or most understood or uniform use of the terms. \nIt can be confusing, and I confused myself thinking to hard, so don't think to much about it. Anyways context matters, greatly.\nLibrary- Most often will refer to the general library or another collection created with a similar format and use. The General Library is the sum of 'standard', popular and widely used Modules, witch can be thought of as single file tools, for now or short cuts making things possible or faster. The general library is an option most people enable when installing Python. Because it has this name \"Python General Library\" it is used often with similar structure, and ideas. Witch is simply to have a bunch of Modules, maybe even packages grouped together, usually in a list. The list is usually to download them. Generally it is just related files, with similar interests. That is the easiest way to describe it.\nModule- A Module refers to a file. The file has script 'in it' and the name of the file is the name of the module, Python files end with .py. All the file contains is code that ran together makes something happen, by using functions, strings ect.\nMain modules you probably see most often are popular because they are special modules that can get info from other files\/modules.\nIt is confusing because the name of the file and module are equal and just drop the .py. Really it's just code you can use as a shortcut written by somebody to make something easier or possible.\nPackage- This is a termis used to generally sometimes, although context makes a difference. The most common use from my experience is multiple modules (or files) that are grouped together. Why they are grouped together can be for a few reasons, that is when context matters.\nThese are ways I have noticed the term package(s) used. They are a group of Downloaded, created and\/or stored modules. Which can all be true, or only 1, but really it is just a file that references other files, that need to be in the correct structure or format, and that entire sum is the package itself, installed or may have been included in the python general library. A package can contain modules(.py files) because they depend on each other and sometimes may not work correctly, or at all. There is always a common goal of every part (module\/file) of a package, and the total sum of all of the parts is the package itself.\nMost often in Python Packages are Modules, because the package name is the name of the module that is used to connect all the pieces. So you can input a package because it is a module, also allows it to call upon other modules, that are not packages because they only perform a certain function, or task don't involve other files. Packages have a goal, and each module works together to achieve that final goal.\nMost confusion come from a simple file file name or prefix to a file, used as the module name then again the package name. \nRemember Modules and Packages can be installed. Library is usually a generic term for listing, or formatting a group of modules and packages. Much like Pythons general library. A hierarchy would not work, APIs do not belong really, and if you did they could be anywhere and every ware involving Script, Module, and Packages, the worl library being such a general word, easily applied to many things, also makes API able to sit above or below that. Some Modules can be based off of other code, and that is the only time I think it would relate to a pure Python related discussion.","Q_Score":119,"Tags":"python,module,package","A_Id":56387348,"CreationDate":"2013-10-05T13:08:00.000","Title":"Whats the difference between a module and a library in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to access historical google page rankings or alexa rankings over time to add some weightings on a search engine I am making for fun. This would be a separate function that I would call in Python (ideally) and pass in the paramaters of the URL and how long I wanted to get the average over, measured in days and then I could just use that information to weight my results!\nI think it could be fun to work on, but I also feel that this may be easy to do with some trick of the APIs some guru might be able to show me and save me a few sleepless weeks! Can anyone help?\nThanks a lot !","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3663,"Q_Id":19215815,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Alexa (via AWS) charges to use their API to access Alexa rankings. The charge per query is micro so you can get hundreds of thousands of ranks relatively cheaply. I used to run a few search directories that indexed Alexa rankings over time, so I have experience with this. The point is, you're being evil by scraping vast amounts of data when you can pay for the legitimate service.\nRegarding PageRank... Google do not provide a way to access this data. The sites that offer to show your PageRank use a trick to get the PageRank via the Google Toolbar. So again, this is not legitimate, and I wouldn't count on it for long-term data mining, especially not in bulk quantities.\nBesides, PageRank counts for very little these days, since Google now relies on about 200 other factors to rank search results, as opposed to just measuring sites' link authority.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-api,google-search-api,pagerank,alexa","A_Id":19393738,"CreationDate":"2013-10-07T01:17:00.000","Title":"Possible to get alexa information or google page rankings over time?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What are some methods to make relative urls absolute in scraped content so that the scraped html appears like the original and css are not broken?\nI found out <base> tag may help. But how can I find out what the original base of the URL is?\nI don't care about interactions with the links, but do want them to appear correct.\nAssume a site 'example.com\/blog\/new\/i.html' i scrape that has 2 resources\n\n< link src=\"\/style\/style.css\" > \n< link src=\"newstyle.css\" >. \n\nNow if i set base as 'example.com\/blog\/new\/i.html' wont the first one break","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":358,"Q_Id":19231985,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Keep track of the url of each page you scraped. One way would be to save it with the full URL as a filename. Then, you can resolve relative urls as per the HTML spec.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,html","A_Id":19233083,"CreationDate":"2013-10-07T18:29:00.000","Title":"How best to handle relative urls in scraped content?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"As we login stackoverflow,there's a session created between the browser and server which only expired after we manually close the browser or clean cookies.  But howto doing this by a programming way on CLIENT SYSTEM during all browser behavior acts normally ? Like nothing happened and just need another login action.\nOk! just curiosity :)\nI don't know if this could possibly be done .\nAny tips would be appropriated.  Danke!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":19262267,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No. The server has no idea when a browser closes. Because the connection between the browser and the server is stateless, when a user closes a tab or shuts down the whole application, the server is unaware of it.  It doesn't even destroy the session when you \"manually close the browser or clean cookies\". The Session does not expire until it times out. \nSessions can be destroyed programatically (I suspect, I don't use Python), for example, when a user clicks the \"Log Out\" button you should be destroying their session programatically, but if they just close the tab... you can't.\nUsing session cookies and having relatively short session timeouts in what you should be doing. Session cookies will be orphaned by the browser when the user closes a tab or the app, so even if they open it right back up, they will need to reauthenticate. And having a short session timeout means that their sessions will not be sitting idle, taking up memory, and waiting to be hijacked on your server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,security,session,cookies,browser","A_Id":19262430,"CreationDate":"2013-10-09T02:55:00.000","Title":"is there A chance to destroy a session via scripts(like python) before the IE\/Chome exit? Not using browser options","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a web app in Python\/web.py where you go to the url \/unfriend to unfriend someone. This link is spread out across multiple pages. After being unfriended, I would like the user to be redirected to the page they came from. Can I rely on HTTP_REFERER to implement this behavior? I don't want to have to add a parameter to the url.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":280,"Q_Id":19330905,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"thefourtheye is right that you can't rely on REFERER.\nBut that doesn't mean you can't use it.\nAs a security measure (e.g., to prevent deep linking), it's laughably useless.\nBut for convenience features, there's nothing wrong with it. Assume, say, a third of your users won't supply it. Is your navigation good enough without it? Is the benefit in making things a little nicer for 2 in 3 users worth it? Sometimes the answer is yes.\nKeep in mind that some proxies or user agents will intentionally send you garbage. If the REFERER is the same as the current page, or is not part of your app at all, don't use it.\nAlso, ask yourself whether what you really want here is a redirect to REFERER, or JS window.history.back(). The former is a poor substitute for the latter if that's what you're intending it for (although it can occasionally be useful as a fallback for people who can't run JS).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web.py,http-referer","A_Id":19331922,"CreationDate":"2013-10-12T05:29:00.000","Title":"Is it wise to rely on HTTP_REFERER in a web app?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Function seeother() and redirect() in web.py is no use. I try to use\nweb.header('Location', 'www.google.com')\nweb.header('status', '301')\nor\nweb.HTTPError('301', {'Location': 'www.google.com'})\nbut still redirect to:\nhttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:80\/www.google.com\nwhich is not what we want:\nhttp:\/\/google.com\nHow to redirect correctly?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":384,"Q_Id":19360323,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"which is not what we want:\n  http:\/\/google.com\n\nSo why do you then redirect to www.google.com instead of http:\/\/google.com?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,web,web.py","A_Id":19360420,"CreationDate":"2013-10-14T12:31:00.000","Title":"In web.py, How to 301 redirect to another domain?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am parsing an HTML webpage with Python and Beautiful Soup (I am open to other solutions, though). I am wondering if it is possible to parse the file based on a line of HTML, i.e., get the td tag from line3. Is this possible?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":378,"Q_Id":19393524,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"consider this example: http:\/\/www.pythonforbeginners.com\/python-on-the-web\/web-scraping-with-beautifulsoup\/ there is line-by-line processing and matching of href(you need td)\nadditionaly consider: soup.find_all(\"td\", limit=3)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,parsing,beautifulsoup","A_Id":19393621,"CreationDate":"2013-10-16T00:50:00.000","Title":"Parse HTML by line","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is for users in Google Apps for Business or Education.\nUsing the Reports API in the Admin SDK I can see when the admin changed another user's password, but I cannot find an API that will tell me when a user has changed their password.  I have changed mine twice in the past couple days and it does not come up in Reports API any where.  Thanks for the help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1254,"Q_Id":19434458,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You cannot, that's the answer.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"google-api,google-apps,google-api-python-client,google-admin-sdk,google-apps-for-education","A_Id":19525414,"CreationDate":"2013-10-17T18:29:00.000","Title":"How do I find the time the user changed their password using the Google APIs?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In python I can get some rudimentary documentation for any object using help(<object>). But to be able to search the documentation, I have to go online. This isn't really helpful if I'm somewhere where the internet isn't accessible.\nIn R, there is a handy double question mark feature (??<topic>) that allows me to search through the documentation of all installed libraries for any function that includes <topic> in its name or documentation string. Is there anything similar for python? Perhaps even just for loaded objects?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0444152037,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17711,"Q_Id":19441031,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Windows Idle - F1 from shell window or editing window gets you a windows help file of all the docs.  I think it's better than the online version - it's easier to find stuff.","Q_Score":40,"Tags":"python,offline","A_Id":19441388,"CreationDate":"2013-10-18T03:20:00.000","Title":"Search python docs offline?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In python I can get some rudimentary documentation for any object using help(<object>). But to be able to search the documentation, I have to go online. This isn't really helpful if I'm somewhere where the internet isn't accessible.\nIn R, there is a handy double question mark feature (??<topic>) that allows me to search through the documentation of all installed libraries for any function that includes <topic> in its name or documentation string. Is there anything similar for python? Perhaps even just for loaded objects?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17711,"Q_Id":19441031,"Users Score":29,"Answer":"pydoc comes with python and can do searches but only in the synopsis lines of available modules. Quoting pydoc --help:\n\npydoc -k \n    Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules.\n\nNote that into pydoc you can perform searches using \"\/\".","Q_Score":40,"Tags":"python,offline","A_Id":20266169,"CreationDate":"2013-10-18T03:20:00.000","Title":"Search python docs offline?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In python I can get some rudimentary documentation for any object using help(<object>). But to be able to search the documentation, I have to go online. This isn't really helpful if I'm somewhere where the internet isn't accessible.\nIn R, there is a handy double question mark feature (??<topic>) that allows me to search through the documentation of all installed libraries for any function that includes <topic> in its name or documentation string. Is there anything similar for python? Perhaps even just for loaded objects?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0444152037,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":17711,"Q_Id":19441031,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Although there are certainly better documentations built into your computer than help() like windows idle, another option for some of the more common topics would just be to save some of the online documentation to your computer. For the modules you use a lot and want to access offline, you could just download a text file version of the official online python documentation, which is the best place to get documentation. (file > save page as > select .txt file format)","Q_Score":40,"Tags":"python,offline","A_Id":20134465,"CreationDate":"2013-10-18T03:20:00.000","Title":"Search python docs offline?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking to create some kind of a gateway that sits between a server and a client.\nThe so called gateway is supposed to filter some packets sent by the client and forward 99% of them.\nHere are my questions:\n\nClient opens a new socket to the gateway, i open a socket to the server from the gateway and store it in a list for further use. However, in one situation, all the connections will come from the same IP, thus leaving me with limited options on choosing the socket that should forward the packet to the server. How can i differentiate between opened sockets?\nFrom previous situations, i'm expecting about 500 clients sending a packet every second. Performance wise, should i use a multithread model, or stick with a single thread application?\nStill a performance question :I have to choose between C# and Python. Which one should give better performance?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1277,"Q_Id":19470798,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Socket addresses are a host and port, not just a host. And different connections from the same host will always have different ports. (I'm assuming TCP, not UDP, here.)\nOr, even more simply, you can just compare the file descriptors (or, in Python, the socket objects themselves) instead of their peer addresses.\nMeanwhile, for performance, on most platforms, 500 is nearing the limits of what you can do with threads, but not yet over the limits, so you could do it that way. But I think you'll be better off with a single-threaded reactor or a proactor with a small thread pool. Especially if you can use a preexisting framework like twisted or gevents to do the hard part for you. \nAs for the language, for just forwarding or filtering packets, the performance of your socket multiplexing will be all that matters, so there's no problem using Python. Pick a framework you like from either language, and use that language.\nSome last side comments: you do realize that TCP packets aren't going to match up with messages in your higher level protocol(s), right? Also, this whole thing would probably be a lot easier to do, and more efficient, with a Linux or BSD box set up as a router so you don't have to write anything but the filters.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"c#,python,sockets","A_Id":19470856,"CreationDate":"2013-10-19T20:28:00.000","Title":"Sockets packet forwarding","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a program to login to a website and do some automatic stuff (by making HTTP requests).\nMost of these automatic stuff requires the program\/session is in logged-in state (if the cookie expires, the program\/session can not be considered in logged-in state), so I am implementing a isLoggedIn function to test it.\nMy current approach to get a page only available after login, but this requires a HTTP request and the transfer of a web page, so it is not very fast, what are other possible solutions?\nAny lead will be appreciated!\nThank you very much!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":47,"Q_Id":19472177,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As you mentioned yourself, the logged-in state is most of the time determined by validity of specific cookie. You can check if the cookie is still valid by comparing it's expiry time with the current time. Alternatively you can make HEAD request which allows you to get cookies (and other headers) without the need to download page body. However you have to check if the site handles HEAD requests for this to work.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,session,login,urllib2","A_Id":19481620,"CreationDate":"2013-10-19T23:16:00.000","Title":"What is the fastest way to test whether logged in or not when use python to login to a website?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to parse the HTML of a page with infinite scrolling.  I want to load all of the content so that I can parse it all.  I'm using Python.  Any hints?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1165,"Q_Id":19512250,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Those pages update their html with AJAX. Usually you just need to find the new AJAX requests send by browser, guess the meaning of the AJAX url parameters and fetch the data from the API.\nAPI servers may validate the user agent, referer, cookie, oauth_token ... of the AJAX request, keep an eye on them.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,infinite-scroll","A_Id":19512436,"CreationDate":"2013-10-22T08:01:00.000","Title":"Parse HTML Infinite Scroll","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Specifically I'm interested in using a DynamoDB table object from multiple threads (puts, gets, updates, etc). If that's not safe, then is there a safe way (i.e., maybe one table object per thread)? Any other gotchas or tips about working with threads in boto appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3394,"Q_Id":19523680,"Users Score":14,"Answer":"The boto library uses httplib which has never been, and to my knowledge still is not, thread-safe.  The workaround is to make sure each thread creates its own connection to DynamoDB and you should be good.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,thread-safety,boto,amazon-dynamodb","A_Id":19542645,"CreationDate":"2013-10-22T16:43:00.000","Title":"Is boto library thread-safe?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to download files using python 3. I use webbrowser.open_new(url) to open file locations. some files are downloaded automatically by chrome's downloader, and some are just opened in a chorme window. How can I choose between the options?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":86,"Q_Id":19528277,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The Web server on which the file is hosted sends a header that suggests to the browser how it might handle the file, and the user's preferences hold some sway as well. You likely won't be able to override it easily.\nYou can avoid this by not using a Web browser from Python. urllib2 or better yet, the third-party requests module is a much easier way to talk to the Web.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,python-3.x","A_Id":19528475,"CreationDate":"2013-10-22T21:01:00.000","Title":"using google chrome's downloader - python 3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently updated from OS X 10.8 to OS X 10.9. It looks like the upgrade removed the previous version of Python and all the libraries that were installed. I am trying to re-install Scrapy on OS X 10.9 but I keep getting an error using both pip and easy_install.\nHere is the error message I am encountering.\n\n\/private\/tmp\/pip_build_root\/lxml\/src\/lxml\/includes\/etree_defs.h:9:10: fatal error: 'libxml\/xmlversion.h' file not found\n\n#include \"libxml\/xmlversion.h\"\n\n         ^\n\n1 error generated.\n\nerror: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1 \n\nDoes anyone know to resolve this or have a work around?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1390,"Q_Id":19545847,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Some questions from osx 10.9. try xcode-select --install","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,macos,scrapy","A_Id":20172902,"CreationDate":"2013-10-23T15:22:00.000","Title":"Using Scrapy with OS X 10.9","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a cherrypy server on a machine, and i want to get the client identifier from the request. Now i can get the client IP by cherrypy.request.remote.ip, but if the client user use a proxy then the IP address will be the proxy address that i don't want, so is there any way for getting the host name of the client machine or some other ways to distiguish the client identifier","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5019,"Q_Id":19556223,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is a HTTP protocol problem and has nothing to do with python or cherrypy.\nHTTP clients don't send their hostname along with requests.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":19556266,"CreationDate":"2013-10-24T03:11:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to get client host name by cherrypy server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a cherrypy server on a machine, and i want to get the client identifier from the request. Now i can get the client IP by cherrypy.request.remote.ip, but if the client user use a proxy then the IP address will be the proxy address that i don't want, so is there any way for getting the host name of the client machine or some other ways to distiguish the client identifier","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5019,"Q_Id":19556223,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Original client IP is usually passed along by proxy with X-Forwarded-For header. You can either study the header or use tools.proxy setting to automatically rewrite cherrypy.request.remote.ip. See cherrypy.lib.cptools.proxy for details.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":19593632,"CreationDate":"2013-10-24T03:11:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to get client host name by cherrypy server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My server has 3 ip addresses, 127.0.0.1, 192.168.0.100 and an internet ip address. I'm going to run a service written by python on this server, but I don't want it to expose on internet.\nI'm using BaseHTTPRequestHandler class to implement this service, so how to bind only 127.0.0.1 and 192.168.0.100 but not the other one?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":758,"Q_Id":19556467,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you have two choices.\n1) Listen to all interfaces, but override BaseHTTPRequestHandler.init to check the client address and drop the connection if it comes from an undesired interface\n2) Create multiple sockets, one per address you want to listen on.  SocketServer.serve_forever() is blocking, so you will either need to use one thread per address or switch to a more sophisticated framework like twisted.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,basehttprequesthandler","A_Id":19556787,"CreationDate":"2013-10-24T03:38:00.000","Title":"how to bind multiple specified ip address on BaseHTTPRequestHandler of python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My server has 3 ip addresses, 127.0.0.1, 192.168.0.100 and an internet ip address. I'm going to run a service written by python on this server, but I don't want it to expose on internet.\nI'm using BaseHTTPRequestHandler class to implement this service, so how to bind only 127.0.0.1 and 192.168.0.100 but not the other one?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":758,"Q_Id":19556467,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Generally, routers have an option where you can allow servers to be visible or not visible. If on the router you set you server to not be visible, then your server will not be accessible through the internet.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,basehttprequesthandler","A_Id":19556500,"CreationDate":"2013-10-24T03:38:00.000","Title":"how to bind multiple specified ip address on BaseHTTPRequestHandler of python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to generate a 32 bit random int but depending of some arguments. The idea is generate a unique ID for each message to send through a own P2P network. To generate it, I would like as arguments: my IP and the time stamp. My question is, how can I generate this 32 bit random int from these arguments?\nThanks again!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3076,"Q_Id":19588634,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"here's a list of options with their associated problems:\n\nuse a random number.  you will get a collision (non-unique value) in about half the bits (this is the \"birthday collision\").  so for 32 bits you get a collision after 2*16 messages.  if you are sending less than 65,000 messages this is not a problem, but 65,000 is not such a big number.\nuse a sequential counter from some service.  this is what twitter's snowflake does (see another answer here).  the trouble is supplying these across the net.  typically with distributed systems you give each agent a set of numbers (so A might get 0-9, B get's 10-19, etc) and they use those numbers then request a new block.  that reduces network traffic and load on the service providing numbers.  but this is complex.\ngenerate a hash from some values that will be unique.  this sounds useful but is really no better than (1), because your hashes are going to collide (i explain why below).  so you can hash IP address and timestamp, but all you're doing is generating 32 bit random numbers, in effect (the difference is that you can reproduce these values, but it doesn't seem like you need that functionality anyway), and so again you'll have a collisions after 65,000 messages or so, which is not much.\nbe smarter about generating ids to guarantee uniqueness.  the problem in (3) is that you are hashing more than 32 bits, so you are compressing information and getting overlaps.  instead, you could explicitly manage the bits to avoid collisions.  for example, number each client for 16 bits (allows up to 65,000 clients) and then have each client user a 16 bit counter (allows up to 65,000 messages per client which is a big improvement on (3)).  those won't collide because each is guaranteed unique, but you have a lot of limits in your system and things are starting to get complex (need to number clients and store counter state per client).\nuse a bigger field.  if you used 64 bit ids then you could just use random numbers because collisions would be once every 2**32 messages, which is practically never (1 in 4,000,000,000).  or you could join ip address (32 bits) with a 32 bit timestamp (but be careful - that probably means no more than 1 message per second from a client).  the only drawback is slightly larger bandwidth, but in most cases ids are much smaller than payloads.\n\npersonally, i would use a larger field and random numbers - it's simple and works (although good random numbers are an issue in, say, embedded systems).\nfinally, if you need the value to be \"really\" random (because, for example, ids are used to decide priority and you want things to be fair) then you can take one of the solutions above  with deterministic values and re-arrange the bits to be pseudo-random.  for example, reversing the bits in a counter may well be good enough (compare lsb first).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,random,header","A_Id":19589554,"CreationDate":"2013-10-25T11:30:00.000","Title":"Python - Generate a 32 bit random int with arguments","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I run python scripts on my macbook air that process data from external API's and often take several hours or occasionally even days.\nHowever, sometimes I need to suspend my laptop in the middle of running a script so I can go to work or go home or similar. \nHow can I simply pause\/resume these scripts in the middle of their for loops? \nIs there something very simple that I can add at the script level that just listens for a particular key stroke to stop\/start? Or something I can do at the *nix process management level? \nI'm well aware of Pickle but I'd rather not deal with the hassle of serializing\/unserializing my data--since all I'm doing is hibernating the mac, I'm hoping if the script gets paused and then I hibernate, that OS X will handle saving the RAM to disk and then restoring back to RAM when I reopen the computer. At that point, I can hit a simple keystroke to continue the python script.\nSince I'm switching between different wifi networks, not sure if the different IPs will cause problems when my script tries to access the internet to reach the 3rd party APIs.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7855,"Q_Id":19601598,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"This was originally a comment, but it seems to be what OP wants, so I'm reposting it as an answer\nI would use ctrl+z to suspend your live, running process. This will leave you with a PID, which you can later resume with a call to fg: fg <job-number>.\nThis shouldn't have any implications with changed network settings (like IP, etc), at least as far as python is concerned. I can't speak to whether the API will freak out, though","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"macos,python-2.7,resume","A_Id":19601896,"CreationDate":"2013-10-26T00:50:00.000","Title":"How do I pause\/resume a Python script?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need help defining an architecture for a tool that will scrape more than 1000 big websites daily for new updates.\nI'm planning to use Scrapy for this project:\n\nGiving that Scrapy needs a project for each website, how can I handle scraping 1000+ websites and storing it's data with Scrapy in just one project? I tried adding a project generator, but is this a good idea?\nHow can I tell if a website was updated with new content so I can scrape it again?\n\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3232,"Q_Id":19618735,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I will be interested to see what other answers come up for this. I have done some web crawling \/ scrapping with code that I have written myself using urllib to get the html then just searching the html for what I need, but not tried scrapy yet. \nI guess to see if there are differences you may just need to compare the previous and new html pages, but you would need to either work out what changes to ignore e.g. dates etc, or what specific changes you are looking for, unless there is an easier way to do this using scrapy. \nOn the storage front you could either store the html data just in a file system or look into just writting it to a database as strings. Just a local database like SQLite should work fine for this, but there are many other options.\nFinally, I would also advise you to check out the terms on the sites you are planning to scrape and also check for guidance in the robots.txt if included within the html as some sites give guidance on how frequently they are happy for web crawlers to use them etc.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":19618864,"CreationDate":"2013-10-27T13:44:00.000","Title":"Crawl and monitor +1000 websites","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to make a website that shows the comparison between amazon and e-bay product price.\nWhich of these will work better and why? I am somewhat familiar with BeautifulSoup but not so much with Scrapy crawler.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84428,"Q_Id":19687421,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Beautifulsoup is web scraping small library. it does your job but sometime it does not satisfy your needs.i mean if you scrape  websites in large amount of data  so here in this case beautifulsoup fails.\nIn this case  you should use Scrapy which is  a complete  scraping framework  which will do you job.\nAlso scrapy has support for databases(all kind of databases) so it is a huge\nof scrapy over other web  scraping libraries.","Q_Score":150,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":66479925,"CreationDate":"2013-10-30T15:43:00.000","Title":"Difference between BeautifulSoup and Scrapy crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to make a website that shows the comparison between amazon and e-bay product price.\nWhich of these will work better and why? I am somewhat familiar with BeautifulSoup but not so much with Scrapy crawler.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84428,"Q_Id":19687421,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The differences are many and selection of any tool\/technology depends on individual needs.\nFew major differences are:\n\nBeautifulSoup is comparatively is easy to learn than Scrapy. \nThe extensions, support, community is larger for Scrapy than for BeautifulSoup.\nScrapy should be considered as a Spider while BeautifulSoup is a Parser.","Q_Score":150,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":54838886,"CreationDate":"2013-10-30T15:43:00.000","Title":"Difference between BeautifulSoup and Scrapy crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to make a website that shows the comparison between amazon and e-bay product price.\nWhich of these will work better and why? I am somewhat familiar with BeautifulSoup but not so much with Scrapy crawler.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84428,"Q_Id":19687421,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Using scrapy you can save tons of code and start with structured programming, If you dont like any of the scapy's pre-written methods then BeautifulSoup can be used in the place of scrapy method.\nBig project takes both advantages.","Q_Score":150,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":49187707,"CreationDate":"2013-10-30T15:43:00.000","Title":"Difference between BeautifulSoup and Scrapy crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to make a website that shows the comparison between amazon and e-bay product price.\nWhich of these will work better and why? I am somewhat familiar with BeautifulSoup but not so much with Scrapy crawler.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84428,"Q_Id":19687421,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Both are using to parse data.\nScrapy:\n\nScrapy is a fast high-level web crawling and web scraping framework,\nused to crawl websites and extract structured data from their pages.\nBut it has some limitations when data comes from java script or\nloading dynamicaly, we can over come it by using packages like splash, \nselenium etc.\n\nBeautifulSoup:\n\nBeautiful Soup is a Python library for pulling data out of HTML and\nXML files.\nwe can use this package for getting data from java script or \ndynamically loading pages.\n\nScrapy with BeautifulSoup is one of the best combo we can work with for scraping static and dynamic contents","Q_Score":150,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":46601960,"CreationDate":"2013-10-30T15:43:00.000","Title":"Difference between BeautifulSoup and Scrapy crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to make a website that shows the comparison between amazon and e-bay product price.\nWhich of these will work better and why? I am somewhat familiar with BeautifulSoup but not so much with Scrapy crawler.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":6,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84428,"Q_Id":19687421,"Users Score":21,"Answer":"I think both are good... im doing a project right now that use both. First i scrap all the pages using scrapy and save that on a mongodb collection using their pipelines, also downloading the images that exists on the page.\nAfter that i use BeautifulSoup4 to make a pos-processing where i must change attributes values and get some special tags.\nIf you don't know which pages products you want, a good tool will be scrapy since you can use their crawlers to run all amazon\/ebay website looking for the products without making a explicit for loop.\nTake a look at the scrapy documentation, it's very simple to use.","Q_Score":150,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":19687572,"CreationDate":"2013-10-30T15:43:00.000","Title":"Difference between BeautifulSoup and Scrapy crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to make a website that shows the comparison between amazon and e-bay product price.\nWhich of these will work better and why? I am somewhat familiar with BeautifulSoup but not so much with Scrapy crawler.","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.0444152037,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84428,"Q_Id":19687421,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The way I do it is to use the eBay\/Amazon API's rather than scrapy, and then parse the results using BeautifulSoup.\nThe APIs gives you an official way of getting the same data that you would have got from scrapy crawler, with no need to worry about hiding your identity, mess about with proxies,etc.","Q_Score":150,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":24040613,"CreationDate":"2013-10-30T15:43:00.000","Title":"Difference between BeautifulSoup and Scrapy crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using python and httplib to implement a really simple file uploader for my file sharing server. Files are chunked and uploaded one chunk at a time if they are larger than 1MB. The network connection between my client and server is quite good (100mbps, <3ms latency).\nWhen chunk size is small (below 128kB or so), everything works fine (>200kB\/s). But when I increase the chunk size to 256kB or above, it takes about 10 times more time to complete a chunk comparing to 128kB chunking (<20kB\/s). To make the thing even stranger, this only happens in my win32 machine (win8 x86, running 32b python) but not in my amd64 one (win8 amd64, running 64b python).\nAfter some profilings, I've narrowed down my search to request() and getresponse() functions of httplib.HttpConnection, as these are the cause of blocking.\nMy first guess is something about socket buffering. But changing SO_SNDBUF and TCP_NODELAY options does not help much. I've also checked my server side, but everything's normal.\nI really hope someone can help me out here. Changing the http library (to pycurl) is the last thing I want to do. Thanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":210,"Q_Id":19724784,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Turns out it's a VM related problem. I was running my Python code on a VM, but when I copy the same code to a physical machinse running the same Windows edition, the problem disappears.\nAs I'm totally unfamiliar with VM mechanisms, it would be great if someone can explain why such a problem exists in VM.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,performance,winapi,httplib","A_Id":21978052,"CreationDate":"2013-11-01T10:18:00.000","Title":"Slow http upload using httplib of python2.7 at win32","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"how can I simulate the action of dragging and dropping a file from the filesystem to an element that has a ondrag event trigger?\nAs for the normale \"file\" input, I was able to set the value of the input with jQuery. Can't I create a javascript File object or use any similar hack?\nThanks\nThanks","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1516,"Q_Id":19771234,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Selenium only works with your web browser. If you are opening something other than a web browser such as file browser you cannot interact with it. Drag and drops work with items within a web browser but not from program such as Windows Explorer or a Linux file explorer to a web browser. Create and element in your browser with jQuery and drag and drop it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"jquery,python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":19771618,"CreationDate":"2013-11-04T15:35:00.000","Title":"Selenium python: simulate file drag","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm developing a python script and I need to find the fastest way for getting a JSON from remote server. Currently I'm using requests module, but still requesting JSON is the slowest part of the script. So, what is the fastest way for python HTTP GET request?\nThanks for any answer.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2147,"Q_Id":19793448,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Write a C module that does everything. Or fire up a profiler to find out in which part of the code the time is spent exactly and then fix that.\nJust as guideline: Python should be faster than the network, so the HTTP request code probably isn't your problem. My guess is that you do something wrong but since you don't provide us with any information (like the code you wrote), we can't help you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,get,httprequest","A_Id":19793524,"CreationDate":"2013-11-05T16:08:00.000","Title":"Fastest way for python HTTP GET request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Intro\nI have a cluster to monitor using Zabbix 2.0, everything works fine and I have all the data I need on Zabbix, but the way zabbix displays the data is not optimal for our use case. At the same time I have a python app running with a web front end I can use to create a more refined way of displaying Zabbix's data. What I want to do is to turn Zabbix's latest data tab into a grid view with a host in every row and the items as columns (like a spreadsheet).\nThe problem\nApparently Zabbix's API is still a work in progress and the interface sometimes changes, which should not be a problem if some basic functionality is working. What I need to do is to be able to fetch the list of hosts not only IDs but the host's info as well. And for each host I need to be able to fetch some items, again not only the items ID but the entire data too. So far I've tried using two Python libraries to do it: zabbix_api and PyZabbix, no luck so far since both libraries fetch only IDs and not the data I need for hosts and items.\nThe question\nIs there a library\/way of doing this that actually works or is this API in a too early stage yet?\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1002,"Q_Id":19795589,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I use zabbix_api to do navigate through zabbix catalogs, get hosts, get host, get host's items, etc. Though I didn't try to get the data with python, I don't see why it shouldn't work. I do get data from PHP using PhpZabbixApi. Any specific problems you've run into?","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,zabbix","A_Id":19806257,"CreationDate":"2013-11-05T17:57:00.000","Title":"using zabbix API to create a grid view from python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been using selenium in python to drive phantomjs. The problem is that it is quite slow. \nI'm beginning to think that it is selenium that is slow, not the core phantomjs functionality of emulating a browser, Javascript and all. \nIs there a more direct way to drive phantom that is faster?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1072,"Q_Id":19820306,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"set load images equals to false , which will definitely help you to increase the speed of phantomJS.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,phantomjs","A_Id":45224165,"CreationDate":"2013-11-06T18:50:00.000","Title":"phantomjs vs selenium performance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Im using SauceLabs and I need the sessionId to get the Job Id there and use it to set pass\/fail status during execution of the test. How can I get the session Id using python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14421,"Q_Id":19944745,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"\"driver.session_id\" will get you the session-id of current session.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":58951194,"CreationDate":"2013-11-13T03:31:00.000","Title":"How to get session id on Selenium webdriver using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im using SauceLabs and I need the sessionId to get the Job Id there and use it to set pass\/fail status during execution of the test. How can I get the session Id using python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14421,"Q_Id":19944745,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This worked for me:\nBuiltIn().get_library_instance('SeleniumLibrary').driver.session_id","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":60012259,"CreationDate":"2013-11-13T03:31:00.000","Title":"How to get session id on Selenium webdriver using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using twiiter streaming api and twython module with python 2.7 windows 7 os. I want to click a button and streaming of tweets should start. and on clicking the streaming should stop.I am using python for backend and HTML on front end.I am communicating to python via php using passthru function.when i am giving an ajax call to php on clicking of button then all the tweets is displayed at a time. I want streaming.Can anyone help?Thanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":225,"Q_Id":19946192,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am using twython and using long polling technique for displaying the streams.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,ajax,twitter,streaming","A_Id":22292555,"CreationDate":"2013-11-13T05:41:00.000","Title":"Streaming Tweets Via Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python script which reads all tweets about a specific sporting event and enters them into a database. While I was running it this weekend every time a big event occurred in the game the script would stop and I would get an error. It said it was with the code but I don't believe that is the case. I found this on Twitter's api site:\n\"Falling behind\nClients which are unable to process messages fast enough will be disconnected. A way to track whether your client is falling behind is to compare the timestamp of the Tweets you receive with the current time. If the difference between the timestamps increases over time, then the client is not processing Tweets as fast as they are being delivered. Another way to receive notifications that a client is falling behind is to pass the stall_warnings parameter when establishing the streaming connection.\"\nand I was wondering if this is whats happening to me and what would be the best way to implement a solution.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":599,"Q_Id":19960086,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"As straming API creates a permanent connection, Falling behind technically means that tweets are put in this connection faster than consumed by your client. \nSolution is straightforward, you have to process tweets faster, that is optimize your landscape. There must be a bottleneck\/bottlenecks, identify them and handle properly. For example, it might be database latency, when your db can not process sufficient inserts per second, IO latency, when data cant be stored to disk as fast as needed; code inefficiency; high CPU load; network bandwidth bound etc. \nNo silver bullet for all cases, but some obvious steps include: \n\nstoring received from Twitter data as is, and do post-processing in windows of lower load;\ndeploy of a cluster with several tweets consumers (processors) and data sharding; \nusage of faster disks\/some raid configuration can speed-up IO;\ntweet query optimisation, making sure to request and process least amount of tweets possible;\ncode optimisation; \nmigration to a datacenter with higher bandwith;","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":19960645,"CreationDate":"2013-11-13T17:11:00.000","Title":"Tweepy streaming API falling behind","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've developed a small write-only REST api with Flask Restful that accepts PUT request from a handful of clients that can potentially have changing IP addresses. My clients are embedded Chromium clients running an AngularJS front-end; they authenticate with my API with a simple magic key -- it's sufficient for my very limited scale. \nI'm testing deploying my API now and I notice that the Angular clients are attempting to send an OPTIONS http methods to my Flask service. My API meanwhile is replying with a 404 (since I didn't write an OPTIONS handler yet, only a PUT handler). It seems that when sending cross-domain requests that are not POST or GET, Angular will send a pre-flight OPTIONS method at the server to make sure the cross-domain request is accepted before it sends the actual request. Is that right?\nAnyway, how do I allow all cross-domain PUT requests to Flask Restful API? I've used cross-domaion decorators with a (non-restful) Flask instance before, but do I need to write an OPTIONS handler as well into my API?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1106561105,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":58328,"Q_Id":19962699,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Just an update to this comment. Flask CORS is the way to go, but the flask.ext.cors is deprecated.\nuse:\n\nfrom flask_cors import CORS","Q_Score":47,"Tags":"python,angularjs,flask,cors,flask-restful","A_Id":47288580,"CreationDate":"2013-11-13T19:31:00.000","Title":"Flask RESTful cross-domain issue with Angular: PUT, OPTIONS methods","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've developed a small write-only REST api with Flask Restful that accepts PUT request from a handful of clients that can potentially have changing IP addresses. My clients are embedded Chromium clients running an AngularJS front-end; they authenticate with my API with a simple magic key -- it's sufficient for my very limited scale. \nI'm testing deploying my API now and I notice that the Angular clients are attempting to send an OPTIONS http methods to my Flask service. My API meanwhile is replying with a 404 (since I didn't write an OPTIONS handler yet, only a PUT handler). It seems that when sending cross-domain requests that are not POST or GET, Angular will send a pre-flight OPTIONS method at the server to make sure the cross-domain request is accepted before it sends the actual request. Is that right?\nAnyway, how do I allow all cross-domain PUT requests to Flask Restful API? I've used cross-domaion decorators with a (non-restful) Flask instance before, but do I need to write an OPTIONS handler as well into my API?","AnswerCount":9,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":58328,"Q_Id":19962699,"Users Score":36,"Answer":"You can use the after_request hook:\n\n@app.after_request\ndef after_request(response):\n    response.headers.add('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')\n    response.headers.add('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'Content-Type,Authorization')\n    response.headers.add('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'GET,PUT,POST,DELETE')\n    return response","Q_Score":47,"Tags":"python,angularjs,flask,cors,flask-restful","A_Id":28923164,"CreationDate":"2013-11-13T19:31:00.000","Title":"Flask RESTful cross-domain issue with Angular: PUT, OPTIONS methods","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python.py file that I would like to by able to run on any computer that has python installed.\nHowever, the program uses several packages that I installed through pip (BeautifulSoup and Selenium).\nIs there a way to make a single python file that will automatically incorporate everything it needs from these packages into the .py file?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":45,"Q_Id":19962995,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no nice solution to do this. It would be the best to use existing mechanisms -- as dependencies defined in setup.py.\nIf you really need to do this, you could execute the corresponding scripts using subprocess.call():\n\nCheck whether pip is available. If not, terminate the program.\nCheck whether virtualenv is available. If yes, create and activate a new environment.\nCall pip to install the required packages.\n\nIf virtualenv is not installed, this will require root privileges.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,beautifulsoup","A_Id":19963148,"CreationDate":"2013-11-13T19:48:00.000","Title":"Make python file that isn't reliant on installed packages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently designing an application that will require data transmission. I am currently working on the client software that will build the data packages that will be sent via the network level service. \nWhat data type should I use for network transmission? I am currently pondering whether I should use a physical data file (.dat) which can be easily manipulated (created\/read\/etc.) via  Python or use only internal data. From a management and organizational standpoint, I think file based data may be the easiest to manipulate and handle on a networking level. \nIf I were head more towards a internal (Python) data handling method, what should my starting point be? Should I look at dictionaries? The over-arching goal is to keep data size minimal. Using file-based data, I believe I would only be looking at just a few bytes for actual transmission. The native platform is going to be Windows, but I would also like to look at my options for a mobile standpoint (Android\/iOS).\nThe purpose of the program is data entry. User entry will be recorded, packaged, encrypted and sent (via a WAN) to a server where it will be stored in a database for query at a later time.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":20004082,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are best practices, definitely.\nAs a first advice, you should definitely decouple the implementation from the representation used when you send\/receive data via the network. Don't use Python dicts. Use a widely accepted serialization format like JSON, ASN.1 or protocol buffers. Make sure you have a clear idea what you need to send over the network and what the requirements are (latency, throughput, CPU time for encoding\/decoding, etc) and choose something that fits them.\nSecond, use a de facto or de jure standard for communicating over the network. Be it REST, AMQP or anything else - it's impossible to tell which one would be the best fit since your question is too broad. But make sure you're not implementing your own in-house adhoc application layer protocol - you would just make your life and your colleagues life so much harder down the road.\nI'd suggest you think a bit more what you want to do, and post more specific questions later on.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,application-design","A_Id":20030106,"CreationDate":"2013-11-15T15:05:00.000","Title":"Data Handling For Network Transmission","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the cause of a Stack usage error from libxml2\/libxslt\/lxml?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":183,"Q_Id":20005436,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It seems that you're using lxml extension functions. In this case, the \"Stack usage error\" (XPATH_STACK_ERROR internally) happens when a value is popped off the XPath stack and the stack is empty. The typical scenario is an extension function called with fewer parameters than expected.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,lxml,libxml2,libxslt","A_Id":20007236,"CreationDate":"2013-11-15T16:10:00.000","Title":"libxml: \"Stack usage error\" - further information?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm building up a nice application in python from the bottom up that allows encrypted communication between peers. This application able users to dynamically install new plugins and therefore new protocols.\nHow is used '\\0' among common socket operations ? Is it a good separator or should I use something else ?\nI would like to be able to manage my own socket code which prevents me from using libs that abstract those bytes constructions.\nBy the way I'm using Python 3 so all data sent or received is encoded. I'm using utf-8 by default.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":56,"Q_Id":20020409,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The NUL-Byte (b'\\0') has been and still is commonly used in binary protocols as separator or when transferring numbers (e.g.: 1 as a 32 bit integer is b'\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00'). Its usage can therefor be considered completely safe with socket implementations on all platforms.\nWhen encoding and decoding strings in Python 3 however, I'd recommend you insert those NUL-Bytes after encoding your string to bytes and stripping them (on the receiver side) before decoding your strings to Unicode.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":20026013,"CreationDate":"2013-11-16T15:49:00.000","Title":"Usage of '\\0' in various protocols or How can i find a good separator?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am now using Django frame work to build a website which has the ability to control a remote embedded system (simply with functions like \"Turn ON\/OFF\"). What i can image now is to use Socket Programming with Python (because Django is pure Python). As i have learnt, i only know how to send and receive messages with sockets between the client machine and server. \nCan any one tell me \n1. What else is needed to learn for this remote control function? \n2. Or is there any better ways (better frameworks) to implement this?\n3. Dose Django have built in methods for Socket Programming? (If not, is it possible to implement it with self-defined app)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":469,"Q_Id":20039657,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You basically have one major thing to decide:\n\nIs your embedded machine going to open up a port that allows any\nthing that knows it's IP and port details to control it and your web\npage write to that IP\/Port OR\nIs your embedded device going to poll the web app to find out which\nstate it should be in.\n\nThe first option will normally respond faster but your embedded machine will be more vulnerable to outside interference, you will need to be able to run active code on your web server, which a lot of servers do not allow, etc.\nThe second will only respond to state changes at an average of half the polling rate but will probably be simpler to program and manage.  Plus your server is not also acting as a client.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,sockets,web,remote-server","A_Id":20039992,"CreationDate":"2013-11-18T03:36:00.000","Title":"Remote control of an embedded system from Website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'd like to check the status, e.g. How many files left to upload. of a Dropbox account using the API in python. Is this possible?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":845,"Q_Id":20060354,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can't do it directly, but you can do it indirectly (sort of). What I do is place a dummy file in my Dropbox and have it sync to the server. At the very beginning of my script I delete the file locally and then wait for it to reappear. Once it has reappeared I have a good idea that Dropbox is connected and synced. It's not perfect because more files might be waiting to be synced, but that's the best I could come up with.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,dropbox-api","A_Id":43394177,"CreationDate":"2013-11-18T23:44:00.000","Title":"How do I check the sync status of a Dropbox account using the API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to check the status, e.g. How many files left to upload. of a Dropbox account using the API in python. Is this possible?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":845,"Q_Id":20060354,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The Dropbox API is a way to add Dropbox integration to your application (that is, to allow your application to sync its files via Dropbox, or to explicitly upload\/download files outside of the sync process), not a way to control or monitor the Dropbox desktop application (or the way other applications sync, or anything else).\nSo no, it's not possible.\nThe only way to do this is to write code for each platform to control the Dropbox app, e.g., via UI scripting on the Mac or intercepting WM messages on Windows. (Or, alternatively, it might be possible to write your own replacement sync tool and use that instead of the standard desktop app, in which case you can obviously monitor what you're doing.)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,dropbox-api","A_Id":20060938,"CreationDate":"2013-11-18T23:44:00.000","Title":"How do I check the sync status of a Dropbox account using the API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have generated a custom library  for python using Swig and i want to use that library somewhere else (with out the source files) , Should i copy the .so file to that place ? or is there any other way.\nUsing Swig it has generated one so file(say _example.so) now if i want to use that library in that particular folder i need to do import example but if i am trying the same in any other folder it is throwing error saying 'Import Error: no module named example'.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":68,"Q_Id":20068092,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Normally you should have generated _example.so and example.py. You need to distribute both. If you are concerned about exposing the sources - do not worry, example.py contains only assets translating python code to calls to the shared library.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,swig","A_Id":20068971,"CreationDate":"2013-11-19T09:45:00.000","Title":"How to use cutom python library?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to send data over to my server via HTTP GET requests, every 1-2 seconds.\nShould I create a new connection every time, or should i keep the connection open and keep sending requests over the same connection? If I employ the latter method would httplib keep the connection alive, what happens if the connection is broken?\nI am not very familiar with http and networking protocols.\nEDIT: I am working on gps tracking system for my university project, I need to regularly upload the coordinates to a database via php script.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":551,"Q_Id":20160026,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The thing to remember about an HTTP connection is it's still, at a lower level, a socket connection over TCP. They can be prone to issues with leaving a connection open, even if you're constantly streaming data from the source.\nWhile some pretty serious efforts have been made in this area (socket.io, websockets, HTTP long polling, etc), your best and simplest bet is to just make new requests every couple of seconds.\nHowever, there are specific use cases for using things like websockets, so perhaps you can explain what you're doing a little better, then maybe we can say for sure.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,connection,httplib","A_Id":20160481,"CreationDate":"2013-11-23T07:57:00.000","Title":"Python httplib [Multiple requests] - How long can i keep the connection open?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing a server using python but the server can communicate with only one client at a time . Even if the server establish connection with more than one clients, it can't make conversation with all clients at the same time. \nOne client should wait until the started conversation end, which may last for several minutes. This problem would create Tremendous delay up on the client which hasn't started conversation. \nSo, how could I let my python server to communicate with more than one clients at the same time ? \nThank you in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":180,"Q_Id":20172765,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You may use Tornado. It is asynchronic multithreading web-server framework.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,network-programming,client-server","A_Id":20173028,"CreationDate":"2013-11-24T08:55:00.000","Title":"how can I make a server communicate with more than 1 client at the same time?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"As the question explain, I would like to saturate my bandwidth. For download I had an idea:\n\nDownload a random file (5MB for example) in loop for n time using wget or urllib2.\nDelete the file each completed download, with the same loop.\n\n(For wget using a Bash script \/ For urllib2 using a Python script)\nBut, I have two questions: \n\nHow do I saturate the download bandwidth without files downloading?\nHow do I saturate the upload bandwidth? (I have no idea in this)\n\nI mean a total saturation, but if I want a partial saturating?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1937,"Q_Id":20289809,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Just running a few wget's should easily saturate your download bandwidth.\nFor upload, you might set up a web server on your computer (carefully poking a hole through your firewall for it), and then connect to a web proxy (there are a few of these that'll anonymise your data) and back to your web server.  Then connect to your web server through the proxy and download (or upload!) a bunch of stuff.\nIt may be more effective to do these things one at a time, rather than both at the same time, as they may interfere with each other a bit.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bash,upload,download,bandwidth","A_Id":20290664,"CreationDate":"2013-11-29T16:18:00.000","Title":"How do I saturate my upload and download available bandwidth?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm making a multilayer, text-based game in python sockets. The game is two player with a server which the clients connect to. I'm not sure whether to store player information (name, health, etc) on the server or on the client? What are the advantages of both? I was thinking about storing the information on the client and sending the player object to the server when ever it changes, though this probably isn't very efficient. Any help would be appreciated!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":162,"Q_Id":20303411,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think you shouldn't even consider storing data like health client-side. Doing that will allow super-easy hacks to be made and the fact that the game is written in Python makes this a lot easier.\nSo I think you should keep these data in the server-side and use it from there.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,multiplayer","A_Id":20303470,"CreationDate":"2013-11-30T17:34:00.000","Title":"Should I store player information on server or client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using twitter python library to fetch some tweets from a public stream. The library fetches tweets in json format and converts them to python structures. What I'm trying to do is to directly get the json string and write it to a file. Inside the twitter library it first reads a network socket and applies .decode('utf8') to the buffer. Then, it wraps the info in a python structure and returns it. I can use jsonEncoder to encode it back to the json string and save it to a file. But there is a problem with character encoding I guess. When I try to print the json string it prints fine in the console. But when I try to write it into a file, some characters appear such as  \\u0627\\u0644\\u0644\\u06be\\u064f\nI tried to open the saved file using different encodings and nothing has changed. It suppose to be in utf8 encoding and when I try to display it, those special characters should be replaced with actual characters they represent. Am I missing something here? How can I achieve this?\nmore info:\nI'm using python 2.7\nI open the file like this:\n\njson_file = open('test.json', 'w')\n\nI also tried this:\n\njson_file = codecs.open( 'test.json', 'w', 'utf-8' )\n\nnothing has changed. I blindly tried, .encode('utf8'), .decode('utf8') on the json string and the result is the same. I tried different text editors to view the written text, I used cat command to see the text in the console and those characters which start with \\u still appear.\nUpdate:\nI solved the problem. jsonEncoder has an option ensure_ascii\n\nIf ensure_ascii is True (the default), all non-ASCII characters in the\n  output are escaped with \\uXXXX sequences, and the results are str\n  instances consisting of ASCII characters only.\n\nI made it False and the problem has gone away.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":984,"Q_Id":20306249,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well, since you won't post your solution as an answer, I will. This question should not be left showing no answer.\njsonEncoder has an option ensure_ascii.\nIf ensure_ascii is True (the default), all non-ASCII characters in the output are escaped with \\uXXXX sequences, and the results are str instances consisting of ASCII characters only.\nMake it False and the problem will go away.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,json,unicode,utf-8","A_Id":20464991,"CreationDate":"2013-11-30T22:13:00.000","Title":"Python unicode file writing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using twitter python library to fetch some tweets from a public stream. The library fetches tweets in json format and converts them to python structures. What I'm trying to do is to directly get the json string and write it to a file. Inside the twitter library it first reads a network socket and applies .decode('utf8') to the buffer. Then, it wraps the info in a python structure and returns it. I can use jsonEncoder to encode it back to the json string and save it to a file. But there is a problem with character encoding I guess. When I try to print the json string it prints fine in the console. But when I try to write it into a file, some characters appear such as  \\u0627\\u0644\\u0644\\u06be\\u064f\nI tried to open the saved file using different encodings and nothing has changed. It suppose to be in utf8 encoding and when I try to display it, those special characters should be replaced with actual characters they represent. Am I missing something here? How can I achieve this?\nmore info:\nI'm using python 2.7\nI open the file like this:\n\njson_file = open('test.json', 'w')\n\nI also tried this:\n\njson_file = codecs.open( 'test.json', 'w', 'utf-8' )\n\nnothing has changed. I blindly tried, .encode('utf8'), .decode('utf8') on the json string and the result is the same. I tried different text editors to view the written text, I used cat command to see the text in the console and those characters which start with \\u still appear.\nUpdate:\nI solved the problem. jsonEncoder has an option ensure_ascii\n\nIf ensure_ascii is True (the default), all non-ASCII characters in the\n  output are escaped with \\uXXXX sequences, and the results are str\n  instances consisting of ASCII characters only.\n\nI made it False and the problem has gone away.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":984,"Q_Id":20306249,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"jsonEncoder has an option ensure_ascii\n\nIf ensure_ascii is True (the default), all non-ASCII characters in the\n  output are escaped with \\uXXXX sequences, and the results are str\n  instances consisting of ASCII characters only.\n\nMake it False and the problem will go away.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,json,unicode,utf-8","A_Id":20528987,"CreationDate":"2013-11-30T22:13:00.000","Title":"Python unicode file writing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have two web hosts. One with a standard shared hosting provider, and the other: AWS Free Tier. I would like for these two servers to be able to communicate with one another. Basically, I would like the shared server to send some information to the AWS server, causing the AWS server to run certain scripts.\nI am familiar with python, so am wondering if there is some python library I can use to quickly cook up a script that would listen to a certain port (on AWS). Also, security is in issue: I want AWS to only listen to requests from a certain IP. Is this possible? What python libraries could I use for something like this?\nI am fairly new to web programming and wasn't able to google the solution to this. Thanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":43,"Q_Id":20314048,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Since you are already using aws, for something like this you couldconsider using AWS SQS to add a queue between the two hosts and communicate thru it instead of directly. \nUsing SQS, it would be easy to write a script to add messages to the SQS queue when something needs to be run on the other host, and equally easy for the second host to poll the queue looking for messages.\nAdding a queue between the two hosts decouples them, and adds a bit of fault tolerance (i.e. one of the hosts could go off line for a bit without the messages being lost), and possibly gives you the ability to scale up if you need to a bit easier (for example, if you ever needed multiple instances at aws processing jobs from the other host you could just add them and tell them to also poll the same queue, as opposed to building in a 1-1 'always on' dependency between the two.\nLots of different ways to skin this cat, so maybe the approach above is overkill in your case, but thought I'd throw it out there as something to consider.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web,amazon-web-services,server-communication","A_Id":20316557,"CreationDate":"2013-12-01T15:55:00.000","Title":"What options are there to allow one server to send information to another server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to find a way to extract the depth of a website using python.\nDepth of a subwebsite is equal to the number of clicks required from the main website (e.g. www.ualberta.ca) in order for a user to get to the subwebsite (e.g. www.ualberta.ca\/beartracks). so for instance if it takes one additional click to get to a subwebsite from the main domain, the depth of the subwebsite would be 1.\nis there anyway for me to measure this using python? thank you!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":470,"Q_Id":20317477,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It sounds like you want to write a spider to do breadth-first search from the first url until you find a link to the second url.\nI suggest you look at the Scrapy package; it makes it very easy to do.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,html,css,web-scraping,web-analytics","A_Id":20317674,"CreationDate":"2013-12-01T21:29:00.000","Title":"measuring a depth of a website using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to develop a small automated tool in python that can check Forms inputs of a web application for XSS vulnerability. I hope to do this using python mechanize library so that I can automate form filling and submit and get the response from the python code. Though mechanize is also works as a browser, is there a way to detect a browser alert message for an input containing a script. Or else is there any other library for python such that I can perform this functionality. Any sample code will be a great favor.\nPS : I am trying to develop this so that I can find them in an application we are developing and include them in a report and NOT for Hacking purpose.  \nThank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":244,"Q_Id":20347235,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Answering my own question. Browser giving an alert message simply means that our the node is injected into DOM. By simply looking for the string that I injected in the response body, I could determine whether the given input is reflected through the browser without proper sanitization.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mechanize,mechanize-python","A_Id":22406798,"CreationDate":"2013-12-03T09:24:00.000","Title":"Identify Browser alert messges in Mechanize - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to run a python code on a Linux server, and my code involves running Selenium.\nsoon after I started running the code, the following error popped up:\nThe browser appears to have exited before we could connect. The output was: Error: cannot open display:\nI installed firefox and selenium, but for some reason the error is keep popping up\nhow can I solve this issue?\nthank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":64,"Q_Id":20363655,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm guessing you need a $DISPLAY variable, and xauth or xhost.\nSelenium depends on a browser, and your browser on Linux depends on X11.  $DISPLAY tells X11 where to find the X server (the thing that renders the graphics - usually this is on the computer you're sitting in front of), and xauth or xhost tells the remote host how to authenticate to the X server.\nIf you're using putty to connect to the Linux host (or other X11-less ssh client), you'll probably need to install an X server on the machine you're sitting in front of, and then use Cygwin ssh -Y to forward xauth creds to the remote host.\nAnother option that works pretty well for many people is to use VNC.  This allows you to reboot the machine you're sitting in front of, without interrupting your Selenium tests.  There are many interoperable VNC client\/servers.\nYou can easily test your X11 communication by just running \"xterm &\" or \"xdpyinfo\".  If this displays a command window on the machine you're sitting in front of, X11's set up.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":20363967,"CreationDate":"2013-12-03T23:14:00.000","Title":"running a python code that includes selenium module gives an error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running a code that has selenium component, which requires phantomJS.\nI am getting the following error message:\n Unable to start phantomjs with ghostdriver.' ; Screenshot: available\nIn my code, I specified my phantomJS path(the bin path), but such measure didn't work.\nI have placed the phantomJS-osx folder at the same location as my folder for selenium - would it be the cause of my problem? \nthanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2389,"Q_Id":20366522,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Not sure what version of Ghostdriver you are on, but I got that error on 1.9.7 until I upgraded to selenium 2.40","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,phantomjs","A_Id":26636714,"CreationDate":"2013-12-04T03:56:00.000","Title":"Unable to start phantomjs with ghostdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running a code that has selenium component, which requires phantomJS.\nI am getting the following error message:\n Unable to start phantomjs with ghostdriver.' ; Screenshot: available\nIn my code, I specified my phantomJS path(the bin path), but such measure didn't work.\nI have placed the phantomJS-osx folder at the same location as my folder for selenium - would it be the cause of my problem? \nthanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2389,"Q_Id":20366522,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"This is a bug. Please use selenium 2.37.2","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,phantomjs","A_Id":20742773,"CreationDate":"2013-12-04T03:56:00.000","Title":"Unable to start phantomjs with ghostdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I do a simple web application written in Python using cherrypy and Mako. So, my question is also simple. \nI have one page with URL http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/page_first. Also there is an image that available on URL http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/page_first\/my_image.png. And I want to locate my_image.png on the page_first. \nI added a tag <img src=\"my_image.png\"\/>, but it is not shown. I looked at web developer tools->Network and saw that request URL for image was http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/my_image.png, instead of http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/page_first\/my_image.png.\nWhy does it happen?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":195,"Q_Id":20421001,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Try <img src=\"\/page_first\/my_image.png\"\/>","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":20422180,"CreationDate":"2013-12-06T09:59:00.000","Title":"Using relative URL's","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I do a simple web application written in Python using cherrypy and Mako. So, my question is also simple. \nI have one page with URL http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/page_first. Also there is an image that available on URL http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/page_first\/my_image.png. And I want to locate my_image.png on the page_first. \nI added a tag <img src=\"my_image.png\"\/>, but it is not shown. I looked at web developer tools->Network and saw that request URL for image was http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/my_image.png, instead of http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/page_first\/my_image.png.\nWhy does it happen?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":195,"Q_Id":20421001,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The page address needs to be http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/page_first\/ (with trailing slash).\nADDED:\nYou don't seem to understand relative URLs, so let me explain. When you reference an image like this <img src=\"my_image.png\"\/>, the image URL in the tag doesn't have any host\/path info, so path is taken from the address of the HTML page that refers to the image. Since path is everything up to the last slash, in your case it is http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/. So the full image URL that the browser will request becomes http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/my_image.png.\nYou want it to be http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/page_first\/my_image.png, so the path part of the HTML page must be \/a\/page_first\/.\nNote that the browser will not assume page_first is \"a directory\" just because it doesn't have an \"extension\", and will not add the trailing slash automatically. When you access a server publishing static dirs and files and specify a directory name for the path and omit the trailing slash (e. g. http:\/\/www.example.com\/some\/path\/here), the server is able to determine that you actually request a directory, and it adds the slash (and usually also a default\/index file name) for you. It's not generally the case with dynamic web sites where URLs are programmed.\nSo basically you need to explicitly include the trailing slash in your page path: dispatcher.connect('page','\/a\/:number_of_page\/', controller=self, action='page_method') and always refer to it with the trailing slash (http:\/\/1.2.3.4\/a\/page_first\/), otherwise the route will not be matched.\nAs a side note, usually you put the images and other static files into a dedicated dir and serve them either with CherryPy's static dir tool, or, if it's a high load site, with a dedicated server.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":20422773,"CreationDate":"2013-12-06T09:59:00.000","Title":"Using relative URL's","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The title says it all, I want to programmatically get the version of Selenium I have installed on my Python environment.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2449186624,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":48042,"Q_Id":20428732,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"You can try:\n\npip list\nconda list\n\nor for example on MAC:\n\nbrew list\n\nAnd then check if and what version is in your installed package list.\nFor conda you might have different environments. Change it by conda activate myenv where myenv is the name of your second or more test environments.","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":59528985,"CreationDate":"2013-12-06T16:22:00.000","Title":"How do I retrieve the version of Selenium currently installed, from Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The title says it all, I want to programmatically get the version of Selenium I have installed on my Python environment.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1488850336,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":48042,"Q_Id":20428732,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Try using pip show selenium, that worked for me","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":66284498,"CreationDate":"2013-12-06T16:22:00.000","Title":"How do I retrieve the version of Selenium currently installed, from Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to download a thousand csv files size: 20KB - 350KB. Here is my code so far:\nIm using urllib.request.urlretrieve. And with it i download thousand files with size of all of them together: 250MB, for over an hour.\nSo my question is:\nHow can I download thousand csv files faster then one hour? \nThank you!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5698,"Q_Id":20441270,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You are probably not going to be able to top that speed without either a) a faster internet connection both for you and the provider or b) getting the provider to provide a zip or tar.gz format of the files that you need.  \nThe other possibility would be to use a cloud service such as Amazon to get the files to your cloud location, zip or compress them there and then download the zip file to your local machine.  As the cloud service is on the internet backbone it should have faster service than you.  The downside is you may end up having to pay for this depending on the service you use.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,csv,python-3.x,urllib","A_Id":20441410,"CreationDate":"2013-12-07T12:17:00.000","Title":"Fastest way to download thousand files using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to download a thousand csv files size: 20KB - 350KB. Here is my code so far:\nIm using urllib.request.urlretrieve. And with it i download thousand files with size of all of them together: 250MB, for over an hour.\nSo my question is:\nHow can I download thousand csv files faster then one hour? \nThank you!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5698,"Q_Id":20441270,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The issue is very unlikely to be bandwidth (connection speed) because any network connection can maintain that bandwidth. The issue is latency - the time it takes to establish a connection and set up your transfers. I know nothing about Python, but would suggest you split your list and run the queries in parallel if possible, on multiple threads or processes - since the issue is almost certainly neither CPU, nor bandwidth-bound. So, I am saying fire off multiple requests in parallel so a bunch of setups can all be proceeding at the same time and the time each takes is masked behind another.\nBy the way, if your thousand files amount to 5MB, then they are around 5kB each, rather than the 20kB to 350kB you say.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,csv,python-3.x,urllib","A_Id":20441497,"CreationDate":"2013-12-07T12:17:00.000","Title":"Fastest way to download thousand files using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For example, if I have my minecraft server running on port 25565, I want to have a python script close the port so that all connections will be dropped and no further connections will be made without having to shutdown the service. \nI have tried binding a new socket to the same port number and then closing the socket, but it does not have any effect on the server.\nI am working in Python 3.3.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":148,"Q_Id":20447826,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use a firewall for example?\nOn linux there is the iptables. It's easy to use and powerful.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-3.x,port","A_Id":20447877,"CreationDate":"2013-12-07T23:08:00.000","Title":"How do I force close a port being used by an independent service?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there an easy way to get the number of followers an account has without having to loop through cursors? I'm looking for a simple function call which will return to me just the number of followers the use with a given Twitter ID has. \nJust looking for the physical number not access to anything else","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":907,"Q_Id":20465269,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"What I ended up doing was .show_user(user_id=twitter_id) which returns (among other things) the followers count via ['followers_count']","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,twython","A_Id":20511726,"CreationDate":"2013-12-09T07:23:00.000","Title":"Twython get followers count","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing an application in Python that involves socket programming. I have understood that it's better to use the non-blocking sockets, and thus write an event-driven server. I am not sure as to why and how I should prefer one of these two methods that I want to use: select() and poll() for checking activity in any of the sockets. Could anyone help me out if there's anything in either of these methods that makes it a better choice that the other?\nI mean, why would I choose one over the other?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":805,"Q_Id":20466573,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Note that select with a timeout of 0 is basically the same as a poll but the biggest problem for cross system programming is that the support for both select and poll is mixed and inconsistent - personally I tend to opt for a blocking listener in a separate thread that once a complete frame, message, etc., has been received raises an event with the data attached - this seems to work well cross systems.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,select,network-programming","A_Id":20466700,"CreationDate":"2013-12-09T08:51:00.000","Title":"How can I choose between select.select() and select.poll() methods in the select module in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"as we know, python has two built-in url lib:   \n\nurllib \nurllib2\n\nand a third-party lib:   \n\nurllib3\n\nif my requirement is only to request a API by GET method, assume it return a JSON string.\nwhich lib I should use? do they have some duplicated functions?\nif the urllib can implement my require, but after if my requirements get more and more complicated, the urllib can not fit my function, I should import another lib at that time, but I really want to import only one lib, because I think import all of them can make me confused, I think the method between them are totally different.   \nso now I am confused which lib I should use, I prefer urllib3, I think it can fit my requirement all time, how do you think?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":22979,"Q_Id":20467107,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Personally I avoid to use third-party library when possible, so I can reduce the dependencies' list and improve portability.\nurllib and urllib2 are not mutually exclusive and are often mixed in the same project.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urllib,urllib3","A_Id":20467364,"CreationDate":"2013-12-09T09:23:00.000","Title":"Which urllib I should choose?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"as we know, python has two built-in url lib:   \n\nurllib \nurllib2\n\nand a third-party lib:   \n\nurllib3\n\nif my requirement is only to request a API by GET method, assume it return a JSON string.\nwhich lib I should use? do they have some duplicated functions?\nif the urllib can implement my require, but after if my requirements get more and more complicated, the urllib can not fit my function, I should import another lib at that time, but I really want to import only one lib, because I think import all of them can make me confused, I think the method between them are totally different.   \nso now I am confused which lib I should use, I prefer urllib3, I think it can fit my requirement all time, how do you think?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":22979,"Q_Id":20467107,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"As Alexander says in the comments, use requests. That's all you need.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,urllib2,urllib,urllib3","A_Id":20467287,"CreationDate":"2013-12-09T09:23:00.000","Title":"Which urllib I should choose?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm having problem with  data type in python.\nI run system.methodSignature('SearchInfo'), it returns [['array', 'struct']].\nWhat should I put as the argument in SearchInfo()? \nAnd what is struct data type in xml-rpc?\nPlease help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":617,"Q_Id":20490415,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Found out the way for <struct> data type for xmlrpc.\n data type is like a dict type. \nFor my case, it's actually SearchInfo({'id' : 12345}). \nGood luck to whoever needing this information (:","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,xml-rpc","A_Id":20534267,"CreationDate":"2013-12-10T09:20:00.000","Title":"Python XML-RPC  data type","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"As the title says, I'm looking for information about the best library to send HTTP requests in Python really fast.\nDo you know which one is the fastest and\/or consume less CPU time\/memory ?\n\nurllib2\nhttplib2\nrequests\n\nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1475,"Q_Id":20595525,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Sending HTTP request is pretty simple, I don't think it could be a block issue for most  real world applications.\nIf you really want to send request very fast, you can consider to use multi processes, not waste your time on choosing a faster library(Which likely to be helpless).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":20595734,"CreationDate":"2013-12-15T14:20:00.000","Title":"Best performance HTTP library in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"As the title says, I'm looking for information about the best library to send HTTP requests in Python really fast.\nDo you know which one is the fastest and\/or consume less CPU time\/memory ?\n\nurllib2\nhttplib2\nrequests\n\nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1475,"Q_Id":20595525,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"urllib2 might be better for performance, but requests is much simpler to use.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":20595601,"CreationDate":"2013-12-15T14:20:00.000","Title":"Best performance HTTP library in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm building a web app with google app engine and python. I've read that html5 geolocation is much more precise than IP geolocation, but is that precise enough to pinpoint buildings? Or is building my own map with customized coordinates a better option?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":213,"Q_Id":20619533,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"How precise HTML5 geolocation is depends entirely on what the user's browser supports.\nOn a phone, it may have access to the phone's idea of the user's location (based on GPS plus cell and WiFi triangulation); on a desktop machine, there's little to go on besides IPs, so it can't do any better than you could do yourself. \nBut either way, the user may have disabled or limited it (or it may be disabled or limited by default for him). Or may be using a browser that doesn't support HTML5 locations. Or may be using an add-on that fuzzes or flat-out lies about location.\nSo:\n\nis that precise enough to pinpoint buildings?\n\nIt can be.\n\nOr is building my own map with customized coordinates a better option?\n\nHow would that help? If you don't know the coordinates the user is at, you have nothing to look up on the map.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,google-app-engine,geolocation,gps","A_Id":20619667,"CreationDate":"2013-12-16T19:44:00.000","Title":"I want to locate the specific building the user is in. Should I use html5 geolocation or build my own custom map?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Some characters, such as ordinal 22 or 8, don't display in html (using chrome, for example when copy-and-pasting them into this 'Ask question' editor; I am assuming utf-8). How do I determine which characters are valid html, and of the valid, which are rendered?\nA table\/reference would be helpful (I couldn't find one by google-ing), but preferably I need a set of rules or a solution that can be implemented in python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":120,"Q_Id":20628825,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What is a valid character in HTML depends on your definition for \u201cHTML\u201d and \u201cvalid\u201d. Different HTML versions have different rules for formally valid characters, and they may have characters that are valid but not recommended. Moreover, there are general policies such as favoring Normalization Form C; though not part of HTML specifications, such policies are often regarded as relevant to HTML, too.\nWhat is rendered (and how) depends on the browser, the style sheets of the HTML document, and available fonts in the user\u2019s computer. Moreover, not all characters are rendered as such. For example, in normal HTML content, any contiguous sequence of whitespace characters is treated as equivalent to a single space character.\nSo the answer is really \u201cIt depends.\u201d Consider asking a much more targeted practical question to get a more targeted answer.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":20629430,"CreationDate":"2013-12-17T07:58:00.000","Title":"How to I determine whether a character is valid-for\/rendered-in html?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an object which loads all the data from DB Object_X.\nThis object has a few methods defined.  I pass some parameter and based on parameter I call one of the functions in Object_X, it uses pre-populated data in object and parameter to get some result.\nI have created a web service which invokes any method defined in Object_X and returns a result.\nMy problem is that for every request I am loading all the data from db again and again which is time consuming. Is there a way that I can load the data one time when I start a server and uses the same object for each subsequent request?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":56,"Q_Id":20673260,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Assuming your application is served by a long running process (as opposed to something like plain CGI), AND your database is never updated, you always have the option to instantiate your Object_X at the module's top-level (making it a global), so it will only be created once per process. Now it means that you'll have some overhead on process start, and that you'll have to restart all your processes everytime your db is updated.\nThe real question IMHO is why do you want to load all your db right from the start ? If that's for \"optimization\" then there might be better tools and strategies (faster db, caches etc).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,web.py","A_Id":20676165,"CreationDate":"2013-12-19T04:07:00.000","Title":"Prevent creating of expensive object on each request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am just curious as I notice when the sphero is blinking while it is idling waiting for a connection, it is much brighter than when I set the colour using the setRGB functionality. Am I missing something to adjust the brightness as well. I can't seem to find anything in the documentation.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":354,"Q_Id":20692146,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"User3120784, in certain cases when you are using Sphero with the leveling system enabled, this can be seen. I personally just had an issue where the ball would do the brightness discrepancy that you are describing here, and the solution was to just check and then uncheck \"Level up\" in the advanced settings in the Sphero app.\nTo address your question in your comment, the difference is that when the Sphero is idling, it is being controlled solely by firmware, whereas the setRGB of the API is using application level code, and telling the firmware to set a brightness, which it may or may not do depending on the \"Level up\" setting that I mentioned earlier.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sphero-api","A_Id":21339422,"CreationDate":"2013-12-19T21:35:00.000","Title":"How to control LED max brightness using Sphero API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Instead of \"rss\", I want to add a global variable to it. So that I don't have to change it again and again.\nsel.select('\/\/a[contains(@href, \"rss\")]\/@href').extract() to something like this:\nsel.select('\/\/a[contains(@href, url_type)]\/@href').extract()","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":145,"Q_Id":20721145,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use str.format to insert variable value into xpath expression:\nsel.select('\/\/a[contains(@href, \"{0}\")]\/@href'.format(url_type)).extract()","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":20721196,"CreationDate":"2013-12-21T16:35:00.000","Title":"Add variable in HtmlXPathSelector select function","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I play on chess.com and I'd like to download a history of my games.  Unfortunately, they don't make it easy: I can access 100 pages of 50 games one at a time, click \"Select All\" and \"Download\" and then they e-mail it to me.\nIs there a way to write a script, in python or another language, that helps me automate any part of the process?  Something that simulates clicking a link?  Is Capybara useful for things like this outside of unit testing?  Selenium?\nI don't have much experience with web development yet.  Thanks for your help!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":406,"Q_Id":20749102,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You may want to check out CasperJS.  I use Python to fire CasperJS scripts to do web scraping and return data to Python to parse further or store to a database etc... \nPython itself has BeautifulSoup and Mechanize but the combination is not great with Ajax based sites.  \nPython and CasperJS is perfect.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,automation,web-scraping,capybara","A_Id":20749267,"CreationDate":"2013-12-23T18:25:00.000","Title":"Automating web tasks?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"As far as I understand the basics of the client-server model, generally only client may initiate requests; server responds to them. Now I've run into a system where the server sends asynchronous messages back to the client via the same persistent TCP connection whenever it wants. So, a couple of questions:\n\nIs it a right thing to do at all? It seems to really overcomplicate implementation of a client.\nAre there any nice patterns\/methodologies I could use to implement a client for such a system in Python? Changing the server is not an option.\n\nObviously, the client has to watch both the local request queue (i.e. requests to be sent to the server), and the incoming messages from the server. Launching two threads (Rx and Tx) per connection does not feel right to me. Using select() is a major PITA here. Do I miss something?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":530,"Q_Id":20774949,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I believe what you are trying to achieve is a bit similar to jsonp. While sending to the client, send through a callback method which you know of, that is existing in client.\nlike if you are sending \"some data xyz\", send it like server.send(\"callback('some data xyz')\");. This suggestion is for javascript because it executes the returned code as if it were called through that method., and I believe you can port this theory to python with some difficulty. But I am not sure, though.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,tcp,client-server","A_Id":20775026,"CreationDate":"2013-12-25T16:53:00.000","Title":"Is it OK to send asynchronous notifications from server to client via the same TCP connection?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"As far as I understand the basics of the client-server model, generally only client may initiate requests; server responds to them. Now I've run into a system where the server sends asynchronous messages back to the client via the same persistent TCP connection whenever it wants. So, a couple of questions:\n\nIs it a right thing to do at all? It seems to really overcomplicate implementation of a client.\nAre there any nice patterns\/methodologies I could use to implement a client for such a system in Python? Changing the server is not an option.\n\nObviously, the client has to watch both the local request queue (i.e. requests to be sent to the server), and the incoming messages from the server. Launching two threads (Rx and Tx) per connection does not feel right to me. Using select() is a major PITA here. Do I miss something?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":530,"Q_Id":20774949,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes this is very normal and Server can also send the messages to client after connection is made like in case of telnet server when you initiate a connection it sends you a message for the capability exchange and after that it asks you about your username & password.\nYou could very well use select() or if I were in your shoes I would have spawned a separate thread to receive the asynchronous messages from the server & would have left the main thread free to do further processing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,tcp,client-server","A_Id":20775573,"CreationDate":"2013-12-25T16:53:00.000","Title":"Is it OK to send asynchronous notifications from server to client via the same TCP connection?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote an auth module for FreeRADIUS with Python.\nI want to manage a NAS with it.\nIs there way except generating a client.conf file and restarting?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":961,"Q_Id":20779360,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Not directly no. You can use sqlite if you want an easily modifiable local data store for clients definitions.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,radius,freeradius","A_Id":20792780,"CreationDate":"2013-12-26T04:58:00.000","Title":"Can I define RADIUS clients with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I have run into the issue of getting data from Google Finance. They have an html access system that you can use to access webpages that give stock data in simple text format (ideal for minimizing parsing). However, if you access this service too frequently, Google locks you out and you need to enter a captcha. I currently have a list of about 50 stocks and I want to update my price data every 15 seconds, but I soon get locked out (after about 3-4 minutes).\nDoes anyone have any solutions to this\/understand the nature of how often is the max I could ping Google for this information?\nNot sure why a feature like this would be on a service designed to give data like this... but similar alternative services with realtime data would also be accepted.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":447,"Q_Id":20831821,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yahoo YQL works fairly well, but throws numerous HTTP 500 errors that need to be handled, they are all benign. TradeKing is an option, however, the oauth2 package is required and that is very difficult to install properly","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,captcha,bots,google-finance","A_Id":20929338,"CreationDate":"2013-12-30T00:43:00.000","Title":"Google Finance Lock Out - Robot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"There is a Python interpreter in naclports (to run as Google Chrome Native Client App).\nAre there any examples for bundling the interpreter with a custom Python application and how to integrate this application with a HTML page?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":779,"Q_Id":20854222,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The interpreter is currently the only python example in naclports.   However, it should be possible to link libpython into any nacl binary, and use it just as you would embed python in any other C\/C++ application.   A couple of caveats: you must initialize nacl_io before making any python calls, and as you should not make python calls on the main (PPAPI) thread.\nIn terms of interacting with the HTML page, as with all NaCl applications this must be done by sending messages back and forth between native and javascript code using PostMessage().  There is no way to directly access the HTML or JavaScript from native code.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-nativeclient","A_Id":20912809,"CreationDate":"2013-12-31T08:24:00.000","Title":"Practical use of Python as Chrome Native Client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a need for my client(s) to send data to my app engine application that should go something like this:\n\nClient --> Server (This is the data that I have)  \nServer --> Client (Based on what you've just given me, this is what I'm going to need)\nClient --> Server (Here's the data that you need)\n\nI don't have much experience working with REST interfaces, but it seems that GET and POST are not entirely appropriate here. I'm assuming that the client needs to establish some kind of persistent connection with the server so they can both have a proper \"conversation\". My understanding is that sockets are reserved for paid apps, and I'd like to keep this on the free tier. However, I'm not sure of how to go about this. Is it the Channel API I should be using? I'm a bit confused by the documentation.\nThe app engine app is Python, as is the client. The solution that I'm leaning towards right now is that the client does a POST to the server (here's what I have), and subsequently does a GET (tell me what you need) and lastly does a POST (here's the data you wanted). But it seems messy.\nCan anyone point me in the right direction please?\nEDIT:\nI didn't realize that you could get the POST response with Pythons urllib using the 'read' function of the object returned by urlopen. That makes things a lot nicer, but if anyone has any other suggestions I'd be glad to hear them.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":20872804,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"What you suggest is the right way. 1&2 is a single post. Then you post again to the server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,http,rest,client-server","A_Id":20874529,"CreationDate":"2014-01-01T20:16:00.000","Title":"Establishing connection between client and Google App Engine server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"There are 10 processes sharing a socket in my application.\nThey all wait for it to become readable using select.\nBut I notice in the application log that only 2 of these 10 processes any time the socket become readable.\nWhat could be the reason?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":92,"Q_Id":20878718,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I suspect what's happening is that the first process is waking up, returning from select(), and calling accept() before the subsequent context switch to the other processes can occur.\nI'm not sure what select() actually blocks on or how it wakes up. I suspect when it does wake up from it's waiting on, it re-checks the queue to see if data is still available. If not, it goes back to waiting.\nI'll double-down on my hypothesis as well. The fact that 2 processes are waking up is indicative of the fact that you have a dual-core processor. If you had a quad-core, you might see up to 4 processes wake up simultaneously.\nOne simple way to prove this theory: Put a 2 second sleep() call just prior to calling accept(). I suspect you'll see all 10 processes waking up and logging an attempt to call accept.\nIf your goal is to have N processes (or threads) servicing incoming connections, your approach is probably still good.  You could probably switch from doing a select() call on a non-blocking socket, to just using a blocking socket that calls accept() directly.  When an incoming connection comes in, one of the processes will return from accept() with a valid client socket handle.  The others will still remain blocked.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,select","A_Id":20883107,"CreationDate":"2014-01-02T08:02:00.000","Title":"Why is only 2 of 10 selecting process notified when a socket become readable?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to execute my python code on the side even though there might be security problem \nHow can I write with importing modules and all?\n    I have tried using of pyjs to convert the below code to JS\nimport socket\nprint socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2][0]\nbut I am not find how to do the same.\nPlease help me how to how can convert this to JS and how to write other the python scripts and how to  import modules in HTML.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":152,"Q_Id":20900530,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are more than just security problems. It's just not possible. You can't use the Python socket library inside the client browser. You can convert Python code to JS (probably badly) but you can't use a C based library that is probably not present on the client. You can access the browser only. You cannot reliably get the hostname of the client PC. Maybe ask another question talking about what you are trying to achieve and someone might be able to help","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,html,python-2.7,pyjamas","A_Id":20901453,"CreationDate":"2014-01-03T09:36:00.000","Title":"How to Write Python Script in html","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working on a webscraping project, and I am running into problems with cloudflare scrapeshield. Does anyone know how to get around it? I'm using selenium webdriver, which is getting redirected to some lightspeed page by scrapeshield. Built with python on top of firefox. Browsing normally does not cause it to redirect. Is there something that webdriver does differently from a regular browser?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4617,"Q_Id":20931426,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"See, what scrapeshield does is checking if you are using a real browser, it's essentially checking your browser for certain bugs in them. Let's say that Chrome can't process an IFrame if there is a 303 error in the line at the same time, certain web browser react differently to different tests, so webdriver must not react to these causing the system to say \"We got an intruder, change the page!\". I might be correct, not 100% sure though... \nMore Info on source:\nI found most of this information on a Defcon talk about web sniffers and preventing them from getting the proper vulnerability information on the server, he made a web browser identifier in PHP too.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,selenium,web-scraping,cloudflare","A_Id":23142928,"CreationDate":"2014-01-05T08:04:00.000","Title":"Bypassing Cloudflare Scrapeshield","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am currently using selenium webdriver to parse through facebook user friends page and extract all ids from the AJAX script. But I need to scroll down to get all the friends. How can I scroll down in Selenium. I am using python.","AnswerCount":21,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0190453158,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":415578,"Q_Id":20986631,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"insert this line driver.execute_script(\"window.scrollBy(0,925)\", \"\")","Q_Score":209,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,automated-tests","A_Id":65731313,"CreationDate":"2014-01-08T03:44:00.000","Title":"How can I scroll a web page using selenium webdriver in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am quite surprised I couldn't find anything on this in my Google searching.\nI'm using TwistedWeb to make a simple JSON HTTP API.  I'd like to customize the 404 page so it returns something in JSON rather than the default HTML.  How might I do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":396,"Q_Id":20987496,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is no API in Twisted Web like something.set404(someResource).  A NOT FOUND response is generated as the default when resource traversal reaches a point where the next child does not exist - as indicated by the next IResource.getChildWithDefault call.  Depending on how your application is structured, this means you may want to have your own base class implementing IResource which creates your custom NOT FOUND resource for all of its subclasses (or, better, make a wrapper since composition is better than inheritance).\nIf you read the implementation of twisted.web.resource.Resource.getChild you'll see where the default NOT FOUND behavior comes from and maybe get an idea of how to create your own similar behavior with different content.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,twisted,twisted.web","A_Id":20999393,"CreationDate":"2014-01-08T05:12:00.000","Title":"TwistedWeb: Custom 404 Not Found pages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm new to working with html pages on python. \nI'm trying to run the BBC site offline from my PC, and I wrote a python code for that.\nI've already made functions that download all html pages on the site, by going through the links found on homepage (with regex).\nI have all links on a local directory, but they are all called sub0,sub1,sub2.\nHow can I edit the homepage so it would direct all links to the html pages on my directory instead of the pages online?\nagain, the pages aren't called in their original name-\nso replacing the domain with a local directory won't work.\nI need a way to go through all links on main page and change their whole path.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":162,"Q_Id":21000038,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think the best way to do this would be to create some sort of mapping file. The file would map the original URL on the BBC site => the path to the file on your machine. You could generate this file very easily during the process when you are scraping the links from the homepage. Then, when you want to crawl this site offline you can simply iterate over this document and visit the local file paths. Alternatively you could crawl over the original homepage and do a search for the links in the mapping file and find out what file they lead to.\nThere are some clear downsides to this approach, the most obvious being that changing the directory structure\/filenames of the downloaded pages will break your crawl...","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,regex,web-crawler","A_Id":21000334,"CreationDate":"2014-01-08T15:39:00.000","Title":"Trying to download html pages to create a very simple web crawler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"As the title suggests, I am using the s3cmd tool to upload\/download files on Amazon.\nHowever I have to use Windows Server and bring in some sort of progress reporting. \nThe problem is that on windows, s3cmd gives me the following error:\nERROR: Option --progress is not yet supported on MS Windows platform. Assuming -\n-no-progress.\nNow, I need this --progress option.\nAre there any workarounds for that? Or maybe some other tool?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":701,"Q_Id":21017853,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"OK, I have found a decent workaround to that:\nJust navigate to C:\\Python27\\Scripts\\s3cmd and comment out lines 1837-1845.\nThis way we can essentially skip a windows check and print progress on the cmd.\nHowever, since it works normally, I have no clue why the authors put it there in the first place.\nCheers.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,windows,progress-bar,progress,s3cmd","A_Id":21165278,"CreationDate":"2014-01-09T10:38:00.000","Title":"s3cmd tool on Windows server with progress support","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to urlencode\/urldecode a string in Python? I want to emphasize that I want a single string, not a dict. I know of the function that does that to a dict. I could easily construct out of it a function that does that for a string, but I'd rather not have to construct my own function. Does Python have this functionality built-in?\n(Answers for both Python 2.7 and 3.3 would be appreciated.)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4761,"Q_Id":21041787,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"urllib.unquote will do the trick","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,urlencode","A_Id":21041834,"CreationDate":"2014-01-10T10:24:00.000","Title":"URL-encoding and -decoding a string in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've written a Spider which has one start_url. The parse method of my spider scraps some data and returns a list of FormRequests. \nThe problem comes with the response of that post request. It redirects me to another site with some irrelevant GET Parameters. The only parameter which seems to matter is a SESSION_ID posted along in the header. Unfortunately Scrapys behavior is to execute my requests, one after another and queues the redirect response at the end of the queue. If all returned FormRequests are executed, scrapy starts to execute all redirects, which all return the same site. \nHow can I circumvent this behavior, so that a FormRequest is executed, and the redirect returned in the requests response is executed befor any new FormRequest? Maybe there is another way, like forcing the site somehow to get a new SESSION_ID cookie for each FormRequest. I'm open to any idea that could probably solve the problem.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":302,"Q_Id":21064467,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I found my own solution to this promlem. Instead of building a list of requests and return them at once, I build a chain of them and passed the next one inside the requests meta_data. \nInside the callback I pass either the next request, storing the parsed item in a spider member, or the parsed list of items if there is no next request to execute.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"redirect,python-2.7,scrapy,http-post","A_Id":21065555,"CreationDate":"2014-01-11T16:01:00.000","Title":"Handle Redirects one by one with scrapy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Software like CCProxy in windows allows you to setup a cascading proxy.\nIn squid we can do the same by mentioning a cache_peer directive?\nHow does this work at application and TCP\/IP layer ? Does it form a socket connection to the upstream proxy server ? Any details or RFCs in relation to this?\nPS - I want to implement it in Python for some testing purposes.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1271,"Q_Id":21106004,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Cascading proxy is just the proxy connecting to an upstream proxy. It speaks the same HTTP proxy requests to the upstream proxy as  a browser does, e.g. using full urls (method:\/\/host[:port]\/path..) in the requests instead of just \/path and using CONNECT for https tunneling instead of directly connecting with SSL.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,proxy,network-programming,squid","A_Id":21121694,"CreationDate":"2014-01-14T04:17:00.000","Title":"How does a cascading http proxy server works?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been trying to figure out a way to send commands to a chrome extension via python. My goal is to automate browser functions such as opening a new tab or reloading a page remotely, but on the same computer. What would be the best\/simplest way to do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":675,"Q_Id":21153521,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try with a tool selenium, you only need add a driver for your web browser.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-chrome","A_Id":51508462,"CreationDate":"2014-01-16T04:48:00.000","Title":"How can I send commands to Chrome extension via a local python application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a problem when I try to get (https:\/\/XXXXX.jpg)\nI'm using this format: (https:\/\/.*.jpg) However it doesn't find what I want.\nIt returns, for example, (https:\/\/XXXXX.jpg <## Heading ##div> bla bla bla <\/div> bla bla https:\/\/XYZ .jpg)\nStartswith https, endswith jpg.\nWhat should I do?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":843,"Q_Id":21160593,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Split on the whole string, then use a loop to iterate the splitted items, each time comparing with startswith(\"http\" and endswith(\".jpg\")","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,regex,python-2.7,jpeg","A_Id":21161910,"CreationDate":"2014-01-16T11:32:00.000","Title":"Regex for finding jpg","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We're using Selenium's Python bindings at work. Occasionally I forget to put the call to WebDriver.quit() in a finally clause, or the tear down for a test. Something bad happens, an exception is thrown, and the session is abandoned and stuck as \"in use\" on the grid.\nHow can I quit those sessions and return them to being available for use without restarting the grid server?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":288,"Q_Id":21168690,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can restart the node instead of the server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-grid2","A_Id":21194979,"CreationDate":"2014-01-16T17:26:00.000","Title":"how do I quit a web driver session after the code has finished executing?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How about using CSS selector in Selenium Python if I am not getting id or name or class of that HTML element ? How about preferring CSS in comparison to XPath?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.761594156,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":712,"Q_Id":21172756,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"No idea what you are trying to ask here. I can only take a guess.\n\nHow about using css selector in Selenium Python if I am not getting id\n  or name or class of that html element ?\n\nIf you are testing a complex web application, you have to learn CSS Selector and\/or XPath. Yes, other locating methods are somewhat limited.\n\nHow about preferring CSS in comparison to xpath?\n\nGenerally speaking, CSS Selectors are always in favor of XPath, because\n\nCSS Selectors are more elegant, more readable\nCSS Selectors are faster\nXPath engines are different in each browser\nIE does not have a native xpath engine\n\nHowever, there are situations XPath is the only way to go. For example\n\nFind element by its text\nFind element from its descendants (if there are no other better methods)\nFew other rare situations","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium,xpath,selenium-webdriver,css-selectors","A_Id":21173350,"CreationDate":"2014-01-16T20:59:00.000","Title":"CSS selector and XPath in Selenium Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does selenium automatic follow redirects? Because it seems that the webdriver isn't loading the page I requested.\nAnd when it does automatic follow the redirects is there any possibility to prevent this?\nceddy","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3114,"Q_Id":21173816,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, Selenium drives the browser like a regular user would, which means redirects are followed when requested by the web application via either a 30X HTTP status or when triggered by javascript.\nI suggest you consider a legitimate bug in the application if you consider it problematic when it happens to users.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":21173887,"CreationDate":"2014-01-16T22:01:00.000","Title":"Selenium prevent redirect","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python program that takes pictures and I am wondering how I would write a program that sends those pictures to a particular URL. \nIf it matters, I am running this on a Raspberry Pi.\n(Please excuse my simplicity, I am very new to all this)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2487,"Q_Id":21200565,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The requests library is most supported and advanced way to do this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,curl","A_Id":21940288,"CreationDate":"2014-01-18T05:46:00.000","Title":"Curl Equivalent in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a small program with Python, and I would like to have a GUI for some configuration stuff. Now I have started with a BaseHTTPServer, and I am implementing a BaseHTTPRequestHandler to handle GET and POST requests. But I am wondering what would be best practice for the following problem.\nI have two separate requests that result in very similar responses. That is, the two pages that I return have a lot of html in common. I could create a template html page that I retrieve when either of these requests is done and fill in the missing pieces according to the specific request. But I feel like there should be a way where I could directly retrieve two separate html pages, for the two requests, but still have one template page so that I don't have to copy this.\nI would like to know how I could best handle this, e.g. something scalable. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":205,"Q_Id":21206568,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This has nothing to do with BaseHTTPRequestHandler as its purpose is to serve HTML, how you generate the HTML is another topic.\nYou should use a templating tool, there are a lot available for Python, I would suggest using Mako or Jinja2. then, on your code, just get the real HTML using the template and use it on your handler response.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,webserver","A_Id":21260040,"CreationDate":"2014-01-18T16:14:00.000","Title":"Use template html page with BaseHttpRequestHandler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing a script in python, and part of it needs to connect to a remote computer using rdp. Is there a script or an api that I could use to create this function? Also, if there is not, is there a way to package a rdp application along side python and then use a python script to run it? Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks in advance, Nate","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5376,"Q_Id":21210283,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you need an interactive window, use the subprocess module to start your rdesktop.exe (or whatever).\nIf you need to run some command automatically, you're probably better off forgetting about RDP and using ssh (with passwordless, passphraseless authentication via RSA or similar), psexec (note that some antivirus programs may dislike psexec, not because it's bad, but because it's infrequently been used by malware for bad purposes) or WinRM (this is what you use in PowerShell; it's like ssh or psexec, except it serializes objects on the sender, transmits, and deserializes back to an object on the recipient).\nGiven a choice among the 3, I'd choose ssh.  Cygwin ssh works fine, but there are several other implementations available for Windows.\nHTH","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rdp","A_Id":21210586,"CreationDate":"2014-01-18T21:45:00.000","Title":"RDP script in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I got much anonymous questions that attack my friendship.\nIs there a way to get the IP-Adresss of these Questions with a Python script?\nI have little more than normal Python knowledge, so you mustn't show me complete Code, just 1-5 lines or just explain something.\nI hope you'll help me!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1205,"Q_Id":21236742,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If the IPs are not logged by ask.fm, there is not much you can do about it. And if it's logged, you probably don't need any script to extract it, as it should be presented somewhere along with the questions or separately in some list.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ip","A_Id":21237260,"CreationDate":"2014-01-20T14:40:00.000","Title":"Python Ask.fm IP of Anonymous Questions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I got much anonymous questions that attack my friendship.\nIs there a way to get the IP-Adresss of these Questions with a Python script?\nI have little more than normal Python knowledge, so you mustn't show me complete Code, just 1-5 lines or just explain something.\nI hope you'll help me!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1205,"Q_Id":21236742,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In addition to @Michael's answer, even if you might be able to get the IP you won't be able to do much. Most of people also use dynamic IP addresses.\nYou may want to contact ask.fm to get more informations, it's very hard they will give you them though.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ip","A_Id":21237392,"CreationDate":"2014-01-20T14:40:00.000","Title":"Python Ask.fm IP of Anonymous Questions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I had read about an app called citycounds.fm, which is no longer active, where they made city-based playlists.  Unfortunately, I can't seem to find any way to search for tracks by city in the soundcloud api documentation.\nAny one know if this is possible?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":934,"Q_Id":21245341,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can't filter tracks by city. The city is actually stored with the user.  So you would have to search for the tracks you want, then perform an additional step to check if the user for each of the tracks is from the city you want.   \nI wanted to do something similar, but too many users do not have their city saved in their profile so the results are very limited.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,soundcloud","A_Id":21263821,"CreationDate":"2014-01-20T22:19:00.000","Title":"Is there any way to search for tracks by city in the SoundCloud API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on some applets and whenever I'm trying to open the applets on IE using my python script, It stops for a manual input to enable the activex.\nI tried doing it from the IE settings. but, I require a command line to do it by which I can integrate it in my python script only.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":923,"Q_Id":21250136,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I found one solution to this.\nWe can make the below modification to the registry and achieve running of applets automatically without pop-ups\nC:\\Windows\\system32>reg add \"HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Internet Explorer\\Main\\Feat\nureControl\\FEATURE_LOCALMACHINE_LOCKDOWN\" \/v iexplore.exe \/t REG_DWORD \/d 0 \/f","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,internet-explorer,activex","A_Id":21260619,"CreationDate":"2014-01-21T05:49:00.000","Title":"How can I enable activex controls on IE for auto loading of applets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How would I go about turning off SSL when sending data to Google cloud storage?  I'm using their apiclient module.\nThe data that I'm putting to the cloud is already encrypted.  I'm also trying to put data from AWS to GCS in 512k sized blocks.  I'm seeing about 600ms+ in putting just one block.  I was thinking if I don't have to set up a secure connection then I can cut down that PUT time a little.\nThe code is server side code that lives on AWS and for some god awful reason my company wants to have two (S3 and GCS) as production storage regions.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1475,"Q_Id":21270951,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Try to PUT in larger blocks, since latency is probably the gating factor.  You can edit the DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE in apiclient\/http.py as a workaround.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,google-cloud-storage","A_Id":21271776,"CreationDate":"2014-01-21T23:07:00.000","Title":"Turn off SSL to Google cloud storage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How would I go about turning off SSL when sending data to Google cloud storage?  I'm using their apiclient module.\nThe data that I'm putting to the cloud is already encrypted.  I'm also trying to put data from AWS to GCS in 512k sized blocks.  I'm seeing about 600ms+ in putting just one block.  I was thinking if I don't have to set up a secure connection then I can cut down that PUT time a little.\nThe code is server side code that lives on AWS and for some god awful reason my company wants to have two (S3 and GCS) as production storage regions.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1475,"Q_Id":21270951,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You should keep SSL. When using OAuth2 (as GCS does), any request may include an http header (access_token) that you don't want third parties to see. Otherwise, hijacking your account would be extremely easy.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,google-cloud-storage","A_Id":21678526,"CreationDate":"2014-01-21T23:07:00.000","Title":"Turn off SSL to Google cloud storage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How would I go about turning off SSL when sending data to Google cloud storage?  I'm using their apiclient module.\nThe data that I'm putting to the cloud is already encrypted.  I'm also trying to put data from AWS to GCS in 512k sized blocks.  I'm seeing about 600ms+ in putting just one block.  I was thinking if I don't have to set up a secure connection then I can cut down that PUT time a little.\nThe code is server side code that lives on AWS and for some god awful reason my company wants to have two (S3 and GCS) as production storage regions.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1475,"Q_Id":21270951,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"apiclient uses the Google Cloud Storage JSON API, which requires HTTPS.\nCan you say a bit about why you would like to disable SSL?\nThanks.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,google-cloud-storage","A_Id":21271640,"CreationDate":"2014-01-21T23:07:00.000","Title":"Turn off SSL to Google cloud storage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Python SocketServer to implement a socket server.\nHow can I find out if client used example.com to connect to me, or used x.x.x.x?\nActually, I need something like virtual hosts in Apache.\nGoogling didn't come up with any notable result.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":188,"Q_Id":21307904,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"virtual hosts in Apache works because it is specified in the HTTP RFC to send the host header. Unless your client similarly sends the name it used to connect, there is really no way to find this out. DNS lookup happens separately and resolves a host name to an IP. The IP is then used to connect. \u2013  Kinjal Dixit","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":27230282,"CreationDate":"2014-01-23T12:16:00.000","Title":"Find host name used to connect to my socket server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python 2.7 and i need secure url with ssl protocol(HTTPS).Can we do this in python 2.7\nwhen i trying to import ssl i m getting the following error\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"\", line 1, in \n  File \"\/usr\/lib64\/python2.7\/ssl.py\", line 60, in \n    import _ssl             # if we can't import it, let the error propagate\nImportError: \/usr\/lib64\/python2.7\/lib-dynload\/_ssl.so: symbol SSLeay_version, version OPENSSL_1.0.1 not defined in file libcrypto.so.10 with link time reference.\nPlease help me if anybody know...Thanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2484,"Q_Id":21335434,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I got Answer \nI have re-installed openssl\nThis is the code i used in terminal\nsudo yum install openssl-devel","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,ssl,https","A_Id":21338087,"CreationDate":"2014-01-24T14:42:00.000","Title":"How to use ssl in python 2.7","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing a multiplayer Android game with push notifications by using Google GCM.\nMy web server has a REST API. Most of the requests sent to this API send a request to Google GCM server to send a notification to the opponent.\nThe thing is on average, a call to my API is ~140 ms long, and ~100 ms is due to the http request sent to Google server.\nWhat can I do to speed up this? I was thinking (I have full control of my server, my stack is Bottle\/gunicorn\/nginx) of creating an independent process with a database that will try to send a queue of GCM requests, but maybe there's a much simpler way to do that directly in bottle or in pure python.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1501,"Q_Id":21349462,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The problem is that your clients are waiting for your server to send the GCM push notifications. There is no logic to this behavior.\nYou need to change your server-side code to process your API requests, close the connection to your client, and only then send the push notifications.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python,web,google-cloud-messaging,bottle","A_Id":21350980,"CreationDate":"2014-01-25T10:39:00.000","Title":"Avoiding a 100ms http request to slow down the REST API where it's called from","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm developing a multiplayer Android game with push notifications by using Google GCM.\nMy web server has a REST API. Most of the requests sent to this API send a request to Google GCM server to send a notification to the opponent.\nThe thing is on average, a call to my API is ~140 ms long, and ~100 ms is due to the http request sent to Google server.\nWhat can I do to speed up this? I was thinking (I have full control of my server, my stack is Bottle\/gunicorn\/nginx) of creating an independent process with a database that will try to send a queue of GCM requests, but maybe there's a much simpler way to do that directly in bottle or in pure python.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1501,"Q_Id":21349462,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The best thing you can do is making all networking asynchronous, if you don't do this yet.\nThe issue is that there will always be users with a slow internet connection and there isn't a generic approach to bring them fast internet :\/.\nOther than that, ideas are to\n\nsend only few small packets  or one huge in favor of many small packets (that's faster)\nuse UDP over TCP, UDP being connectionless and naturally faster","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python,web,google-cloud-messaging,bottle","A_Id":21349485,"CreationDate":"2014-01-25T10:39:00.000","Title":"Avoiding a 100ms http request to slow down the REST API where it's called from","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking for a good package that can be used to implement a OpenId Connect Provider. I've found one called pyoidc but the documentation around it is not great at all. Can anyone suggest a different package or does any one have an example implementation of pyoidc?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3016,"Q_Id":21376619,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There are examples in the distribution. Just added another RP example (rp3) which I think should be easier to understand. Also started to add documentation.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,oauth-2.0,openid,openid-connect","A_Id":23262902,"CreationDate":"2014-01-27T09:00:00.000","Title":"OpenId Connect Provider Python 3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have not found a satisfactory answer\/tutorial for this, but I'm sure it must be out there. My goal is to access Google Drive programmatically using my credentials. A secondary and lower-priority goal is to do this properly and that means using OAuth rather than ClientLogin.\nThus: How do you authenticate with the Google Drive API using your own credentials for your own Google Drive (without creating an application on the Google Developers Console)?\nAll of the documentation assumes an application, but what I'm writing is merely helper scripts in Python 2.7 for my own benefit.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":359,"Q_Id":21390913,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"\"How do you authenticate with the Google Drive API using your own credentials for your own Google Drive (without creating an application on the Google Developers Console)?\"\nYou can't. The premise of OAuth is that the user is granting access to the application, and so the application must be registered. In Google's case, that's the API\/Cloud Console. \nIn your case, there is no need to register each application that uses your helper scripts. Just create an app called helper_scripts, embed the client Id in your script source, and then reuse those scripts in as many applications as you like.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-drive-api,google-oauth","A_Id":21409448,"CreationDate":"2014-01-27T20:24:00.000","Title":"How to authenticate as myself for Google Drive API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm just starting exploring IAM Roles. So far I launched an instance, created an IAM Role. Everything seems to work as expected. Currently I'm using boto (Python sdk). \nWhat I don't understand :\n\nDoes the boto takes care of credential rotation? (For example, imagine I have an instance that should be up for a long time, and it constantly have to upload keys to s3 bucket. In case if credentials are expired, do I need to 'catch' an exception and reconnect? or boto will silently do this for me?)\nIs it possible to manually trigger IAM to change credentials on the Role? (I want to do this, because I want to test above example. Or if there is there an alternative to this testcase? )","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":265,"Q_Id":21408290,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The boto library does handle credential rotation.  Or, rather, AWS rotates the credentials and boto automatically picks up the new credentials.  Currently, boto does this by checking the expiration timestamp of the temporary credentials.  If the expiration is within 5 minutes of the current time, it will query the metadata service on the instance for the IAM role credentials.  The service is responsible for rotating the credentials.\nI'm not aware of a way to force the service to rotate the credentials but you could probably force boto to look for updated credentials by manually adjusting the expiration timestamp of the current credentials.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto,amazon-iam","A_Id":21409299,"CreationDate":"2014-01-28T14:27:00.000","Title":"How to manually change IAM Roles credentials?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking to set up an HTTP server which takes in some input and then the application needs to send multiple HTTP requests at the same time (to another server). What is the best approach for this?\nIf I use the Twisted framework, do I still need to use threading?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2932,"Q_Id":21423798,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Either Threading or Twisted can do this.\nie. If you use twisted, you won't need to use Threading.\nKeep in mind that some servers have a limit on the number of connections they will allow from a single IP address.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,multithreading,thread-safety,twisted","A_Id":21423872,"CreationDate":"2014-01-29T06:36:00.000","Title":"Python: Multiple HTTP requests at the same time","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There are multiple mobile apps.\nI want people using one app to login with their same login credentials into all other apps.\nWhat is the best approach to implement this?\nI'm thinking to create a separate authorization server that will issue tokens\/secrets on registering and logins. It will have a validation API that will be used by mobile app servers to validate requests.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":386,"Q_Id":21426024,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The authentification method in every application connects to the same webservice for autentification.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,authorization,server-side","A_Id":21426172,"CreationDate":"2014-01-29T08:44:00.000","Title":"One login for multiple products","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"There are multiple mobile apps.\nI want people using one app to login with their same login credentials into all other apps.\nWhat is the best approach to implement this?\nI'm thinking to create a separate authorization server that will issue tokens\/secrets on registering and logins. It will have a validation API that will be used by mobile app servers to validate requests.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":386,"Q_Id":21426024,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"First check if OAuth could be adapted to using this, that would save you a lot of work. Of course all the services and apps would have to talk to some backend network server to sync tokens issued to apps.\nHalf-secure\/maybe-abusable solution: have symmetric cipher encrypted cookie that webpages (and apps?) hold and use it for authorization with different network services (which again have to verify cookie for authorization with authorization service that knows the passphrase used to encrypt the cookie)\n\nI've used approach #2 on internal systems but I am not sure if it is advisable to use it in in the wild - this may pose some security risks.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,authorization,server-side","A_Id":21427549,"CreationDate":"2014-01-29T08:44:00.000","Title":"One login for multiple products","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am planning on doing a bit of home automation. I decided on going with the RPi, because it is cheap, and can connect to the internet wirelessly via a USB dongle. I was planning on controlling the system through a PHP webpage hosted on my webserver. I was wondering if I could make it so that when I click a button on the PHP site, it somehow sends a signal to the raspberry pi and makes it activate a GPIO pin. I realize that it would be easier to host the webpage on the actual Pi itself, but I plan to have multiple Pis and would like to be able to control all of them with one webpage. \nThanks In advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":525,"Q_Id":21442470,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use a websocket (e.g., on Node.js) to open a channel of communication between the Raspberry Pi and the Web page. Run a socket server on the Web server and run clients on your Rasberry Pis. Then create a simple messaging protocol for commands that the Web server will send over the websocket and that the Raspberry Pis will listen for over the socket. They can even communicate when the task is done that it's been done successfully.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,raspberry-pi,home-automation","A_Id":31495240,"CreationDate":"2014-01-29T20:57:00.000","Title":"Python, PHP: Controlling RPi GPIO from website on a separate server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am planning on doing a bit of home automation. I decided on going with the RPi, because it is cheap, and can connect to the internet wirelessly via a USB dongle. I was planning on controlling the system through a PHP webpage hosted on my webserver. I was wondering if I could make it so that when I click a button on the PHP site, it somehow sends a signal to the raspberry pi and makes it activate a GPIO pin. I realize that it would be easier to host the webpage on the actual Pi itself, but I plan to have multiple Pis and would like to be able to control all of them with one webpage. \nThanks In advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":525,"Q_Id":21442470,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't think it would be as easy as 'sending a signal' to your Pi. What you could do, however, is set up a MySQL database on the server with your control signals input to the database and have the Pi poll it every so often to check the values.\nFor actually controlling, you would simply use UPDATE statements to set the values. There may be some lag involved, but this depends on your polling rate and network speed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,raspberry-pi,home-automation","A_Id":21864500,"CreationDate":"2014-01-29T20:57:00.000","Title":"Python, PHP: Controlling RPi GPIO from website on a separate server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to access my python programs through IP address for making it to do something in server. Creating Apache Server for only one python script is not good solution.\nIn server it works like: python script.py --arg\nNow I need something like http:\/\/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xxxx\/script.py --arg or something else. Main idea is to send argument to program remotely without ssh.\nPS. Main problem with framework and python simple HTTP server was block in firewall.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":205,"Q_Id":21509104,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"With Flask you can do that in about ten lines of code.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,webserver","A_Id":21509226,"CreationDate":"2014-02-02T09:43:00.000","Title":"Best way to create simple web server for python files","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am learning endpoints and saw that other Google APIs have this \"fields\" query attribute.\nAlso it appears in the api explorer.  \nI would like to get a partial response for my api also, but when using the fields selector from the api explorer it is simply ignored by the server.\nDo I need to implement something in the server side?\nHaven't found anything in the docs.\nAny help is welcome.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":418,"Q_Id":21516287,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"From what I gather, Google has enabled partial response for their APIs, but has not yet explained how to enable it for custom APIs.\nI'm assuming if they do let us know, it might entail annotations, and possibly overriding a method or two.\nI've been looking also, to no avail.\nI've been looking into this just due to a related question, where I'd like to know how to force the JSON object in the response from my google Endpoint API, to include even the members of the class that are null valued.\nI was trying to see if anything would be returned if I used a partial response with a field indicated that was null.. would the response have the property at least, or would it still not even exist as a property.\nAnyway, this lead me into the same research, and I do not believe we can enable partial responses in our own APIs yet.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"google-app-engine,python-2.7,google-cloud-endpoints","A_Id":23165174,"CreationDate":"2014-02-02T21:10:00.000","Title":"How do you return a Partial response in app engine python endpoints?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using buildbot version 0.8.5 and need to send an HTTP post request from it as a step. After searching for it on internet, I found that the latest version 0.8.8 has a step called HTTPStep for doing so. Is there any similar step in the older version?\nI know it can be done using batch file or python program using urllib2. but is there any other way to do it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":268,"Q_Id":21520459,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Just my thoughts..As far as I know it is better to use a python script from a build step. Simple and easy to control. The logic being:\n\nthe entire buildbot is inside one http connection\/session and sending another http request somewhere might have issues with the connection\/session.\nfrom the buildbot httpstep description, you need to install additional python packages which might be not be so convenient to do on multiple slaves\/masters.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,httprequest,buildbot","A_Id":22557265,"CreationDate":"2014-02-03T05:39:00.000","Title":"Sending http post request in buildbot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working to automate retrieving the Order data from the Google Wallet Merchant Center. This data is on the Orders screen and the export is through a button right above the data. \nGoogle has said this data is not available to export to a Google Cloud bucket like payments are and this data is not available through a Google API. \nI'm wondering if anyone has been successful in automating retrieval of this data using an unofficial method such as scraping the site or a separate gem or library? I have done tons of searching and have not seen any solutions.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":433,"Q_Id":21611503,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"analyticsPierce, \nI've asked the same question and have not received any answers.  \nHere was my question, maybe we can work out a solution somehow.  I've just about given up.  \n\"HttpWebRequest with Username\/Password\"  on StackOverflow.   \nTrey","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ruby,android-pay","A_Id":21741357,"CreationDate":"2014-02-06T18:53:00.000","Title":"How to automate Google Wallet order export data?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am successful to record all the links of the website but missed some of the links which can only be visible with the form posting (for example login). \nWhat i did is recorded all the links without login. And took the form values. Then i posted the data and recorded the new links, but here i missed the other forms and links which are not in that posted links.\nPlease suggest any efficient algorithm so that i could grab all the links by posting form datas.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":77,"Q_Id":21612246,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The links in a set of web pages can be seen as a tree graph and hence you could use various tree traversal algorithms like depth first and breadth first search to find all links. The links and related form data can be saved in a queue or stack depending on what traversal algorithm you are using.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,algorithm,web,hyperlink,traversal","A_Id":31978451,"CreationDate":"2014-02-06T19:32:00.000","Title":"Algorithm for traversing website including forms","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a HTML\/Javascript file with google's web speech api and I'm doing testing using selenium, however everytime I enter the site the browser requests permission to use my microphone and I have to click on 'ALLOW'.\nHow do I make selenium click on ALLOW automatically ?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":21421,"Q_Id":21628904,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"@ExperimentsWithCode\nThank you for your answer again, I have spent almost the whole day today trying to figure out how to do this and I've also tried your suggestion where you add that flag --disable-user-media-security to chrome, unfortunately it didn't work for me. \nHowever I thought of a really simple solution: \nTo automatically click on Allow all I have to do is press TAB key three times and then press enter. And so I have written the program to do that automatically and it WORKS !!! \nThe first TAB pressed when my html page opens directs me to my input box, the second to the address bar and the third on the ALLOW button, then the Enter button is pressed. \nThe python program uses selenium as well as PyWin32 bindings. \n\nThank you for taking your time and trying to help me it is much appreciated.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"google-chrome,python-2.7,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":21686531,"CreationDate":"2014-02-07T13:23:00.000","Title":"Accept permission request in chrome using selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Im working on a little project that running rabbitmq with python, I need a way to access the management api and pull stats, jobs, etc.  I have tried using pyRabbit, but doen't appear to be working unsure why, hoping better programmers might know?  Below I was just following the basic tutorial and readme to perform the very basic task.  My server is up, I'm able to connect outside of python and pyrabbit fine.  I have installed off the dependencies with no luck, at least I think.   Also open to other suggestions for just getting queue size, queues, active clients etc outside of pyRabbit.\n'Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]\nCopyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.\nC:\\Users\\user>python\nPython 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2012, 23:31:26) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32\nType \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\nimport nose\nimport httplib2\nimport mock\nfrom pyrabbit.api import Client\nimport pyrabbit\ncl = Client('my.ip.com:15672', 'guest', 'guest')\ncl.is_alive()\nNo JSON object could be decoded - (Not found.) ()\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"\", line 1, in \nFile \"C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\pyrabbit\\api.py\", line 48, in wrapper if self.has_admin_rights:\nFile \"C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\pyrabbit\\api.py\", line 175, in has_admin_right whoami = self.get_whoami()\nFile \"C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\pyrabbit\\api.py\", line 161, in get_whoami whoami = self.http.do_call(path, 'GET')\nFile \"C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\pyrabbit\\http.py\", line 112, in do_call raise HTTPError(content, resp.status, resp.reason, path, body)\npyrabbit.http.HTTPError: 404 - Object Not Found (None) (whoami) (None)'","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":781,"Q_Id":21639733,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I was never able to solve this.  But, this forced me to learn what json is, I used simplejson along with httplib2 and it worked like a charm...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,rabbitmq","A_Id":21939627,"CreationDate":"2014-02-07T23:38:00.000","Title":"Unable to get pyrabbit to run","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi everyone i'm working on a social network project . I'm using Pythons Common Gateway Interface to write everything ,handle database , ajax . So i have a question , i heard that Web Server Gateway Interface is better than Common Gateway Interface and can handle more users and higher traffic but now i have already finished my website more than half of the project . What should i do now ? i don't have much time to going back either.Is Python Common Gateway Interface that bad for large scale project ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":227,"Q_Id":21656058,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Go ahead with your work.. It will be fine if you are using Common Gateway Interface but you should have a look at network traffic.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,cgi,mod-wsgi,wsgi","A_Id":21656118,"CreationDate":"2014-02-09T06:17:00.000","Title":"Python cgi or wsgi","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a bunch of websites, I want to find all the IP addresses that they communicate with while we browse them. For example once we browse Yahoo.com, it contacts several destinations until it is getting loaded.\nIs there any library in the C++ or Python that can help me?\nOne way that I'm thinking about is to get the HTML file of the website and look for the format \"src = http:\/\/\", but it is not quite correct.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":80,"Q_Id":21689654,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can do that with http, urllib or urllib2.\nYou have to look for \"src=\" (images, flash etc.) and for \"href=\" (hyperlinks).\nWhy do you think it's not correct?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,c++,ip,web-crawler,fetch","A_Id":21689802,"CreationDate":"2014-02-10T22:56:00.000","Title":"How to get all IP addresses fetched","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to make a HTTP Request to a JSON API like https:\/\/api.github.com using tornado.httpclient and I found that it always responses with FORBIDDEN 403. \nSimplifying, I make a request using the CLI with:\n\n$ python -m tornado.httpclient https:\/\/api.github.com\n\ngetting a tornado.httpclient.HTTPError: HTTP 403: Forbidden.\nIn other hand, if I try to request this URL via browser or a simple $ curl https:\/\/api.github.com, the response is 200 OK and the proper JSON file.\nWhat is causing this? Should I set some specific Headers on the tornado.httpclient request? What's the difference with a curl request?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":756,"Q_Id":21703829,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I faced similar issue & problem was with configurable-http-proxy so I killed its process & restarted jupyterhub\nps aux | grep configurable-http-proxy\nif there are any pid's from above command, kill them with\nkill -9 <PID>\nand restart ``","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,tornado","A_Id":47112953,"CreationDate":"2014-02-11T13:55:00.000","Title":"Simple not-authorized request to a Github API using Tornado httpclient returns Forbidden","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Currently I have written a python script that extracts data from flickr site, and dump as a python class object and YAML file. \nI was planning to turn this into a website: \n\nand a simple html front page that can send a request to the backend, triggers the python scripts running on the backend \nthe response will be parsed and render as a table on the html page. \n\nAs i am very new to python, I am not sure how to plan my project. is there any suggestions for building this application? any framework or technologies i should use? For example, i guess i should use ajax in the front end, how about the backend? \nThanks in advance for your suggestions!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1253,"Q_Id":21704977,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you should use Django framework for your app. You can integrate your scripts into Django views. And you can also use the loaddata system in order to insert your yaml data into the database","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ajax","A_Id":21705056,"CreationDate":"2014-02-11T14:44:00.000","Title":"Python backend and html\/ajax front end, need suggestions for my application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking to implement (or use a library if one already exists) the Max Flow algorithm on a graph with directed and undirected edges, and visualize it. I am leaning toward JavaScript. I am aware that d3.js and arbor.js allow interactive graph visualization, but is there a recommended way to visualize the actual flow from node to node? This is to demonstrate some concepts in theoretical computer science.\nThe ideal graph would be able to show edge capacities, edge costs (different from capacities), and node names, and edges can be one-way (directed) or two-way (bidirectional, arrows pointing to both nodes, or just no arrows at all. This is not two separate directed edges).\nAny advice regarding a graph visualization tool - one where you can see the flow going from edge to edge - would be appreciated.\nNote: I am not opposed to using Python or some other language if someone is aware of a nice framework\/library that allows this kind of visualization.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":733,"Q_Id":21717013,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"d3 may be the solution to what you're trying to do, but it's good to keep in mind what it is and what it is not.\nWhat it is: a very effective tool at creating data-based graphics. What it is not: a graphing library. That being said, you CAN use it for graphs. Most of the graphs that I do in javascript are built on d3, but when doing so, expect to do write a lot of to code for setting up your plots. You can create a flow graph that will show you what you want, but d3 doesn't contain a canned flow graph that you can drop your data into.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,graph,visualization,network-flow","A_Id":21729708,"CreationDate":"2014-02-12T01:48:00.000","Title":"Max flow visualization with JavaScript api - use d3.js, or something similar?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm running a set of tornado instances that handles many requests from a small set of keep-alive connections. When I take down the server for maintenance I want to gracefully close the keep-alive requests so I can take the server down.  Is there a way to tell clients \"Hey this socket is closing\" with Tornado?  I looked around and self.finish() just flushes the connection.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1783,"Q_Id":21720346,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"finish() doesn't apply here because a connection in the \"keep-alive\" state is not associated with a RequestHandler.  In general there's nothing you can (or need to) do with a keep-alive connection except close it, since the browser isn't listening for a response.  \nWebsockets are another story - in that case you may want to close the connections yourself before shutting down (but don't have to - your clients should be robust against the connection just going away).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,tornado","A_Id":21735934,"CreationDate":"2014-02-12T06:29:00.000","Title":"Close all (keep-alive) socket connections in tornado?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a dilemma.\nI need to read very large XML files from all kinds of sources, so the files are often invalid XML or malformed XML. I still must be able to read the files and extract some info from them. I do need to get tag information, so I need XML parser.\nIs it possible to use Beautiful Soup to read the data as a stream instead of the whole file into memory?\nI tried to use ElementTree, but I cannot because it chokes on any malformed XML.\nIf Python is not the best language to use for this project please add your recommendations.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1799,"Q_Id":21740376,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Beautiful Soup has no streaming API that I know of. You have, however, alternatives.\nThe classic approach for parsing large XML streams is using an event-oriented parser, namely SAX. In python, xml.sax.xmlreader. It will not choke with malformed XML. You can avoid erroneous portions of the file and extract information from the rest.\nSAX, however, is low-level and a bit rough around the edges. In the context of python, it feels terrible.\nThe xml.etree.cElementTree implementation, on the other hand, has a much nicer interface, is  pretty fast, and can handle streaming through the iterparse() method.\nElementTree is superior, if you can find a way to manage the errors.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":21740512,"CreationDate":"2014-02-12T21:44:00.000","Title":"Need to read XML files as a stream using BeautifulSoup in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to target specific CSS elements on a page, but the problem is that they have varying selector names.  For instance, input#dp156435476435.textinput.wihtinnextyear.datepicker.hasDatepicker.error.  I need to target the CSS because i am specifcally looking for the .error at the end of the element, and that is only in the CSS (testing error validation for fields on a website.  I know if I was targeting class\/name\/href\/id\/etc, I could use xpath, but I'm not aware of a partial CSS selector in selenium webdriver.  Any help would be appreciated, thanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2815,"Q_Id":21765396,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"css=span.error -- Error\ncss=span.warning -- Warning\ncss=span.critical -- Critical Error\nSimple above are the CSS Selectors we can use.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":22903875,"CreationDate":"2014-02-13T21:00:00.000","Title":"Selenium webdriver, Python - target partial CSS selector?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wish to scrape news articles of the local newspaper. The archive is behind a paywall and I have a paid account, how would I go about automating the input of my credentials?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6129,"Q_Id":21807914,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can't access page behind paywall directly because that page may require some authentication data like session or cookies. So you have to first create these data and store it so that when you pass request to secure pages you pass require data as part of request and also have authentication session data. \nTo get authentication data you should scrape login page first. Get the session info,cookies of login page and pass login input as a request (get or post based on form action type) to action page. Once you will be logged in store authentication data and use this to scrape pages behind paywall.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":21807979,"CreationDate":"2014-02-16T06:02:00.000","Title":"How to scrape a website behind a paywall","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to run IPython notebook but its not execute any output,it gives error like that,Error:A WebSocket connection to could not be established. You will NOT be able to run code. Check your network connection or notebook server configuration,so what can i do for that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":521,"Q_Id":21823306,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"This error means that your ipython notebook server is not running. If you are running Ubuntu or OSX, you need to go to the command-line, cd into the directory where your notebook file is, and run ipython notebook. This will start the local notebook webserver and you can then run code inside your notebooks. The error you are getting probably means that you accidentally killed the local webserver that lets the notebooks run.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python-3.x,ipython-notebook","A_Id":21826880,"CreationDate":"2014-02-17T07:39:00.000","Title":"How to execute the ipython notebook","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have a REST API as part of which we provide the client with several APIs to draw analytic reports. Some very large queries can take 5 to 10 minutes to complete and can return responses in the 50mb to 150mb range. \nAt the moment, the client is just expected to wait for the response. We are not sure if this is really the best practice or if such complex\/large queries & responses should be dealt with in another manner. Any advice on current best practices would be appreciated please?\nNote: The API will be called by automated processes building large reports, so we are not sure if standard pagination is efficient or desirable.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":277,"Q_Id":21824677,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you need to process a long running task, from client point of view it is always better to process it asynchronously as follows. \nA client sends a POST request, the server creates a new resource (or can start immediate background processing) and returns HTTP 202 Accepted with a representation of the task (e.g. status, start time, expected end time and the like) along with the task URL in Content-Location header so that the client can track it.\nThe client can send a GET request to the specified URL to get the status. Server can return following responses.\nNot done yet\nServer returns HTTP 200 OK along with the task resource so that client can check status.\nDone\nServer returns HTTP 303 See Other and a Location header with the URL of a resource that shows the task results.\nError\nServer returns HTTP 200 OK with the task resource describing the error","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rest,bigdata","A_Id":21829930,"CreationDate":"2014-02-17T09:01:00.000","Title":"API Responses with large result sets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In igraph, what's the least cpu-expensive way to find:\n\nthe two most remote vertices (in term of shortest distances form one another) of a graph. Unlike the farthest.points() function, which chooses the first found pair of vertices with the longest shortest distance if more than one pair exists, I'd like to randomly select this pair.\nsame thing with the closest vertices of a graph.\n\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":99,"Q_Id":21836929,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"For the first question, you can find all shortest paths, and then choose between the pairs making up the longest distances.\nI don't really understand the second question. If you are searching for unweighted paths, then every pair of vertices at both ends of an edge have the minimum distance (1). That is, if you don't consider paths to the vertices themselves, these have length zero, by definition.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,igraph,shortest-path","A_Id":21840597,"CreationDate":"2014-02-17T18:47:00.000","Title":"least cpu-expensive way to find the two most (and least) remote vertices of a graph [igraph]","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using robot framework to test a GUI application , I need to select a span element which is a list box , but I have multiple span elements with same class ID in the same page  , So how can I select each span element(list box) ???\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":313,"Q_Id":21846978,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Could you please provide a part of your code you use to get the span element and a part of your GUI application where you are trying to get the element from (HTML, or smth.)?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,automated-tests,robotframework","A_Id":22005969,"CreationDate":"2014-02-18T07:32:00.000","Title":"How to select a span element which is a list box ,when multiple span elements with same class ID are present in the same page?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using robot framework to test a GUI application , I need to select a span element which is a list box , but I have multiple span elements with same class ID in the same page  , So how can I select each span element(list box) ???\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":313,"Q_Id":21846978,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Selenium provides various ways to locate elements in the page. If you can't use id, consider using CSS or Xpath.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,automated-tests,robotframework","A_Id":22013855,"CreationDate":"2014-02-18T07:32:00.000","Title":"How to select a span element which is a list box ,when multiple span elements with same class ID are present in the same page?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an HTTP API using Flask and in one particular operation clients use it to retrieve information obtained from a 3rd party API. The retrieval is done with a celery task. Usually, my approach would be to accept the client request for that information and return a 303 See Other response with an URI that can be polled for the response as the background job is finished.\nHowever, some clients require the operation to be done in a single request. They don't want to poll or follow redirects, which means I have to run the background job synchronously, hold on to the connection until it's finished, and return the result in the same response. I'm aware of Flask streaming, but how to do such long-pooling with Flask?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2430,"Q_Id":21868709,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Tornado would do the trick.\nFlask is not designed for asynchronization. A Flask instance processes one request at a time in one thread. Therefore, when you hold the connection, it will not proceed to next request.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,flask","A_Id":25578832,"CreationDate":"2014-02-19T00:47:00.000","Title":"Flask request waiting for asynchronous background job","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to figure out how to parse a website that doesn't have documentation available to explain the query string. I am wondering if there is a way to get all possible valid values for different fields in a query string using Python.\nFor example, let's say I have the current URL that I wish to parse:\nhttp:\/\/www.website.com\/stat?field1=a&field2=b\nIs there a way to find all of the possible values for field1 that return information? Let's say that field1 of the qs can take either values \"a\" or \"z\" and I do not know it can take value \"z\". Is there a way to figure out that \"z\" is the only other value that is possible in that field without any prior knowledge?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":299,"Q_Id":21871636,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends on the website itself. If it has other values of field1 or field2, you can only know that by looking into the code or documentation(if available). That's the only accurate way of knowing it. Otherwise, you can try brute forcing (trying all possible alphanumeric values Ever), but that doesn't guaranty anything. In that case you'll need a way to know which values are valid and which are not. Hardly efficient.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,parsing,query-string","A_Id":21872039,"CreationDate":"2014-02-19T05:13:00.000","Title":"Find all possible query string values with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to write a simple python C\/S exec code model, which will send all codes written in client to execute in server. \nSimply, you can think that I'm using exec(code, globals()) to run remote code.\nAnd I meet a problem about namespace :\nIf I import something in a connection, another connection can also use this module.\nFor example, we have two connections: A and B.\nI import os in connection A, then connection B can use os module also.\nQuestion : And what I want is that each connection have its own execute environment, say 'globals'.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":23,"Q_Id":21871784,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Currently, I'm using a stupid and violent solution.\nI create dict for each connection,  and exec code in dict accordingly.\nexec code in connection_dict[connection].\nAny smart solution ? Such as python CAPI ? Thanks again!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,namespaces","A_Id":21871871,"CreationDate":"2014-02-19T05:24:00.000","Title":"How to set local namespace for specified connection?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I searched the net but couldn't get anything that works.\nI am trying to write a python script which will trigger a timer if a particular url is opened in the current browser.\nHow do i obtain the url from the browser.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":477,"Q_Id":21872515,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You cannot do it platform independent way.\nYou need to use pywin32 for Windows platform (or any other suitable module which provides access to platform API, for example pywm) to access window (you can get it by window name). After that you should analyse all child to get to window which represents URL string. Finally you can get text of this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,url","A_Id":21872656,"CreationDate":"2014-02-19T06:12:00.000","Title":"Python: Getting current URL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm not sure if the language I'm using makes a difference or not, but for the record it's python (2.7.3).\nI recently tried to add functionality to a project I forked on GitHub. Specifically, I changed the underlying http request library from httplib2 to requests, so that I could easily add proxies to requests. The resultant function calls changed slightly (more variables passed and in a slightly different order), and the mock unit test calls failed as a result. What's the best approach to resolving this? Is it OK to just jump in and rewrite the unit test so that they pass with the new function calls? Intuitively, that would seem to be undermining the purpose of unit tests somewhat.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":29,"Q_Id":21878696,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The purpose of a unit test is to verify the implementation of a requirement. As any other piece of software, you have to distinguish what the unit test does, how it tests the requirement (roughly speaking its design), and how it is implemented. Unless the requirement itself is changed, the design of the unit test should not be changed. However, it may happen that a change from another requirement impacts its implementation (because of side effect, interface change, etc.). Then according to your process, you may let the new implementation be reviewed to make sure that the change doesn't impact the nature of the test and that the original requirement is still fulfilled.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,unit-testing","A_Id":21879161,"CreationDate":"2014-02-19T11:07:00.000","Title":"Changing unit tests based on added functionality","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have 200,000 URLs that I need to scrape from a website. This website has a very strict scraping policy and you will get blocked if the scraping frequency is 10+ \/min. So I need to control my pace. And I am thinking about start a few AWS instances (say 3) to run in parallel. \nIn this way, the estimated time to collect all the data will be:\n200,000 URL \/ (10 URL\/min) = 20,000 min   (one instance only)\n4.6 days (three instances) \nwhich is a legit amount of time to get my work done. \nHowever, I am thinking about building a framework using boto. That I have a paragraph of code and a queue of input (a list of URLs) in this case. Meanwhile I also don't want to do any damage to their website so I only want to scrape during the night and weekend. So I am thinking about all of this should be controlled on one box. \nAnd the code should look similar like this:\nclass worker (job, queue)\n    url = queue.pop()\n    aws = new AWSInstance() \n    result aws.scrape(url)\n    return result\nworker1 = new worker()\nworker2 = new worker()\nworker3 = new worker()\nworker1.start()\nworker2.start()\nworker3.start()\nThe code above is totally pseudo and my idea is to pass the work to AWS. \nQuestion:\n(1) How to use boto to pass the variable\/argument to another AWS instance and start a script to work on those variable and .. use boto to retrieve the result back to the master box. \n(2) What is the best way to schedule a job only on specific time period inside Python code. \nSay only work on 6:00pm to 6:00 am everyday... I don't think the Linux crontab will fit my need in this situation. \nSorry about that if my question is more verbally descriptive and philosophical.. Even if you can offer me any hint or throw away some package\/library name that meet my need. I will be gratefully appreciated!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":262,"Q_Id":21892302,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Question: (1) How to use boto to pass the variable\/argument to another\n  AWS instance and start a script to work on those variable\n\nUse shared datasource, such as DynamoDB or messaging framework such as SQS\n\nand .. use boto to retrieve the result back to the master box.\n\nAgain, shared datasource, or messaging.  \n\n(2) What is the best way to schedule a job only on specific time\n  period inside Python code. Say only work on 6:00pm to 6:00 am\n  everyday... I don't think the Linux crontab will fit my need in this\n  situation.\n\nI think crontab fits well here.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,cron,queue,boto","A_Id":21899718,"CreationDate":"2014-02-19T20:58:00.000","Title":"BOTO distribute scraping tasks among AWS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have flask running on my Macbook (10.9.1 if it makes a difference). I have no problem accessing what I have hosted there over my local network, but I'm trying to see if I can access it publicly. For example load a webpage on my iPhone over it's 3G connection. It doesn't appear to be as simple as \/index.\nWith my limited knowledge, my public IP seems to be the one for our internet connection, moreso my own laptop. Is that what is causing the issue?\nAppreciate any help!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":115,"Q_Id":21905560,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to set your router to forward the relevant port to your laptop.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,flask","A_Id":21905637,"CreationDate":"2014-02-20T10:54:00.000","Title":"Connect to flask over public connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm learning to use sockets in python and something weird is happening. \nI call socket.connect in a try block, and typically it either completes and I have a new socket connection, or it raises the exception.  Sometimes, however, it just hangs.\nI don't understand why sometimes it returns (even without connecting!) and other times it just hangs.  What makes it hang?\nI am using blocking sockets (non-blocking don't seem to work for connect...), so I've added a timeout, but I'd prefer connect to finish without needing to timeout.\nPerhaps, when it doesn't hang, it receives a response that tells it the requested ip\/port is not available, and when it does hang there is just no response from the other end?\nI'm on OSX10.8 using python2.7","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2733,"Q_Id":21921509,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Firewall may be the explanation behind this unexpected response. Rather than supposing the remote firewall accepts connection, using timeout is the best option. Since, making a connection is a swift process and within a network, it won't take longer time. So, give a proper timeout so that you can tell that the host is either down or dropping packets.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":22111178,"CreationDate":"2014-02-20T22:56:00.000","Title":"Python socket.connect hangs sometimes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm learning to use sockets in python and something weird is happening. \nI call socket.connect in a try block, and typically it either completes and I have a new socket connection, or it raises the exception.  Sometimes, however, it just hangs.\nI don't understand why sometimes it returns (even without connecting!) and other times it just hangs.  What makes it hang?\nI am using blocking sockets (non-blocking don't seem to work for connect...), so I've added a timeout, but I'd prefer connect to finish without needing to timeout.\nPerhaps, when it doesn't hang, it receives a response that tells it the requested ip\/port is not available, and when it does hang there is just no response from the other end?\nI'm on OSX10.8 using python2.7","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2733,"Q_Id":21921509,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"When connect() hangs it is usually because you connect to an address that is behind a firewall and the firewall just drops your packets with no response. It keeps trying to connect for around 2 minutes on Linux and then times out and return an error.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":21921616,"CreationDate":"2014-02-20T22:56:00.000","Title":"Python socket.connect hangs sometimes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I went through the instructions on for the Google Glass Python Quick Start. I deployed the app and the app supposedly finished deploying successfully. I then went to the main URL for the app and attempted to open the page. The page asked me which Google Account I wanted to use to access the app, and I chose one. It went through some type of redirect and then came back to my app and tried to open up the openauth2callback page at which time nothing else happened. It just stopped on the openauth2callback page and sat there whitescreened. \nI assume that the app is supposed to look like the sample app that was posted where I should see timeline cards and be able to send messages, but I don't see any of that. \nI checked my oauth callbacks and they look exactly like the quick start instructions said to make them. What am I missing?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":48,"Q_Id":21988618,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A couple of things that are standard debugging practices, and you may want to update the original question to clarify:\n\nDid OAuth actually fail? What information do you have that it failed? Can you verify from web server logs that the callback URL was hit and that it contained non-error return values?\nCan you check your web server and app server logs to see if there are any error messages or exceptions logged?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-glass","A_Id":22016838,"CreationDate":"2014-02-24T13:02:00.000","Title":"OAuth fails after deploying google glass application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I just decided to start working on a mobile application for fun, but it will require a back-end.  So I created an EC2 instance on Amazon Web Services, with an Amazon Linux AMI installed.  \nI also have set up an database instance as well, and inserted some dummy data in there.\nNow, the next step I want to take is to write an RESTful web service that will run on my server that will interface with my database (which is independent from my server)\nFirst question, would this be considered an API?\nSecond, I am doing research to implement this web service in Python, in your opinion are there better choices?\nThird, if I make a website, would\/should it also be able to use this RESTful web service to query data from the database?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":81,"Q_Id":22000918,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"A bit broad really especially the Python part. \n\nYes this can be considered a API. Think of SOAP and REST services as\nan API available via the network.\nThis question is opinion based and not suited for discussion here. A\nguideline is that if it works for you it is good.\nYes you should use the REST services for the website otherwise you\nwill duplicate work.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-services,api,rest,amazon-web-services","A_Id":22004122,"CreationDate":"2014-02-24T22:55:00.000","Title":"A Few questions on writing a RESTful web service","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a javascript placed on third party site and this js makes API calls to my server. JS is publicly available and third party cannot save credentials in JS. \nI want to authenticate API calls before sharing JSON and also want to rate limit. Any one has ideas on how can i authenticate API?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":117,"Q_Id":22013532,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It all depends on what you're authenticating.\nIf you're authenticating each user that uses your API, you have to do something like the following:\n\nYour site has to somehow drop a cookie in that user's browser, \nYour API needs to support CORS (we use easyXDM.js),\nsomehow upon logging in to their site, their site needs to send the user to your site to have a token passed that authenticates the user against your API (or vice versa, depending on the relationship). \n\nIf you're just authenticating that a certain site is authorized to use your API, you can issue that site an API key.  You check for that API key whenever your API is called.\nThe problem with this approach is that JavaScript is visible to the end user. Anyone who really wants to use your API could simply use the same API key. \nIt's not really authentication without some sort of server to server call. At best, you're simply offering a very weak line of defense against the most obvious of attacks.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,api","A_Id":25426295,"CreationDate":"2014-02-25T11:59:00.000","Title":"how to do authentication of rest api from javascript, if javascript is on third party site?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Why does TCP socket.recvfrom() not return the sender address as it does with UDP?\nWhen does TCP socket.recv()  an empty string?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2605,"Q_Id":22017835,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Why does TCP socket.recvfrom() not return the sender address as it does with UDP?\n\nBecause once a TCP connection is established that address does not change. That is the address that was passed to connect or received from accept calls. You can also find out the peer's address (if you lost it somehow) with getpeername.\n\nWhen does TCP socket.recv() an empty string?\n\nWhen the peer has closed the connection and no more data will be coming in. You can still send data though because TCP connections can be half-closed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tcp,udp,recv,recvfrom","A_Id":22018452,"CreationDate":"2014-02-25T14:55:00.000","Title":"recv() and recvfrom() methods for TCP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When you click on some of the links on this particular page the GET request gets initiated by javascript. In this case it's a file so when you click it webdriver.Firefox makes a dialog window appear that asks you whether you want to download the file or not. \nIs it possible to capture the GET request directly and save it to disk or otherwise automate the dialog window?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":583,"Q_Id":22022938,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If it's an OS dialog, no, you can't manipulate it with Selenium, you'd need a library that provides you hooks directly in to the OS.  To capture the request, you would either need to use a proxy to capture the traffic and again another interface to interact with the proxy to inspect the request, or you might be able to inject some JS through Selenium that modifies the behavior of the button to return the link to you instead of navigating the browser to it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":22023178,"CreationDate":"2014-02-25T18:25:00.000","Title":"How to capture GET requests in Selenium initiated via JavaScript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a program which gathers basic CNAME information for given domains.\nI'm currently using Google's DNS server as the one I'm questioning, but afraid that if I'll send couple of millions DNS lookups this will get me blocked (Don't worry, it's by no means any type of DDOS or anything in that area).\nI'm wondering 2 things.\n1. is it possible to use dnspython package to send requests through proxy servers?\nthis way I can distribute my requests through several proxies.\n\n2. I couldn't find a reference for a similar thing, but is it possible that I'll get blocked for so many DNS lookups?\nThanks,\nMeny","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1227,"Q_Id":22074156,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If Google blocked that number of requests from a given IP address, one has to assume that sending such a number of requests is against their usage policy (and no doubt a form of 'unfair usage'). So hiding your source IP behind proxies is hardly ethical.\nYou could adopt a more ethical approach by:\n\nDistributing your requests across a number of public DNS servers (search for 'public DNS servers', there 8 or 9 providers and at least 2 servers per providers), thus reducing the number of request per server.\nSpread your requests across a reasonable period of time to limit the effect of queries may have on the various providers' DNS servers. Or simply limit your query rate to something reasonable.\nIf your requests cover a number of different domains, perform your own recursive resolution so that the bulk of your requests are targeted against the authoritative servers and not public recursive servers. This way, you would resolve the authoritative servers for a domain against the public servers (i.e. NS queries) but resolve CNAME queries against the authoritative server themselves, thus further spreading load.\n\nAnd there is no such thing as a DNS proxy (other than a DNS server which accepts recursive queries for which it is not authoritative).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy,dns,dnspython","A_Id":22074588,"CreationDate":"2014-02-27T16:15:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to use dnspython through proxy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using the NetworkX library for Python in my application that does some graph processing. One task is to call the all_simple_paths() function of NetworkX to give me all non-looping paths in the graph (up to a certain max. length of paths). This is working well.\nUsing this list of all simple paths in the graph the task is now to find a number of n paths out of this list, where each of these n paths should be as different from all other n paths as possible. Or in other words: any two paths from the resulting n paths should have as few common nodes as possible. Or in even other words: each path in the resulting n paths should be as unique as possible.\nCan you guys think of any (non brute force) algorithm to achieve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":905,"Q_Id":22096525,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends a lot on your particular needs. There are a few options. Two built-in, and one that requires a bit more work, but might be faster.\nIf what you really want is to find two non-intersecting paths, then you can use a filtered graph - after finding one path, induce a subgraph with the intermediate nodes removed, and find the shortest path in that graph.\nIf you can't guarantee that the paths won't be non-intersecting, then you are back to brute-force. Since paths don't include cycles, and they are simple lists, finding the number of intersecting nodes is as simple as generating sets from the two paths and finding the length of their difference, which is pretty fast. Check all pairs and find the one with the fewest intersection.\nWhich of the above two is faster depends on your particular graph - is it sparse or dense? How many nodes are there? etc. \nSince all_simple_paths is a generator, you can actually focus that algorithm somewhat. i.e. if you graph the first two paths, and they are completely non-intersecting, then you \nalready have your minimal case and don't need to look at any more. There may be a lot of paths, but you can bound with an upper limit of how many to look at, or a threshold that is allowable (i.e. instead of absolutely 0, if these only have 1 in common, it's good enough, return it), or some other combination that uses both how many paths I've looked at and the current maximum to bound the calculation time.\nIf calculation time is really critical to your algorithm, also consider switching to igraph... networkx is MUCH easier to deal with, and usually performance is 'good enough', but for large brute force algorithms like this, igraph will probably be at least an order of magnitude faster.\nOne last possibility is to avoid using all_simple_paths at all, and use the bfs tree instead. I am not sure if all_simple_paths is BFS, it probably is, but that might give you a better selection of initial paths to look at with the second algorithm, not sure. E.G. if you know that your source node has multiple successors, you may get decent results by just forcing your starting two paths to start with two different successors instead of just from the initial node. Note that this can also bite you too - this greedy algorithm can lead you astray as well, unless your graph is already a good fit for it (which you may already know, or may not).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,algorithm,graph","A_Id":22098160,"CreationDate":"2014-02-28T13:28:00.000","Title":"How to find n most different paths in a graph?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using the NetworkX library for Python in my application that does some graph processing. One task is to call the all_simple_paths() function of NetworkX to give me all non-looping paths in the graph (up to a certain max. length of paths). This is working well.\nUsing this list of all simple paths in the graph the task is now to find a number of n paths out of this list, where each of these n paths should be as different from all other n paths as possible. Or in other words: any two paths from the resulting n paths should have as few common nodes as possible. Or in even other words: each path in the resulting n paths should be as unique as possible.\nCan you guys think of any (non brute force) algorithm to achieve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":905,"Q_Id":22096525,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could create a similarity or distance between two paths based on the number of edges that they share. Then apply a clustering algorithm to find n clusters, and pick one representative from each cluster, perhaps in a greedily fashion to minimise (in the case of similarities) edge weights between representatives.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,algorithm,graph","A_Id":22098044,"CreationDate":"2014-02-28T13:28:00.000","Title":"How to find n most different paths in a graph?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was trying to log into a website that is loaded fuly dinamically using dojo.js scripts. On my tests I am using:\n\nSelenium 2.40\nPhantomjs 1.9.7 (downloaded via npm)\nUbuntu 12.04\n\nWhen I try my script with: driver = webdriver.Firefox()\nEverything works fine, Firefox logins through login page \/login.do, gets through authentication page and arrives at the landing page and everything works perfectly.\nBut I have to make this code for an Ubuntu Server so I can't use a GUI, when I change to: driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()\nI arrived again at \/login.do ( print driver.current_url)\nI have tried to use WebDriverWait and nothing happens.\nDoes PhantomJS for python an issue with dynamically loading pages? If not,\ncan I use another tool or better yet, someone knows a book or tutorial to understand XHR Requests and doing this job with requests and urllib2?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":633,"Q_Id":22102352,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I just discovered that my problem was with a elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) line. Phantomjs seems to be very fast so I had to put a time.sleep of 2 seconds before that line, and now the script works fine. What happened is that Enter button for login wasn't clicked properly. Of course time.sleep(2) isn't the best way to solve it, I will change the ENTER statement into a click with xpath.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,phantomjs","A_Id":22103574,"CreationDate":"2014-02-28T17:51:00.000","Title":"Selenium phantomjs (python) not redirecting to welcome page after login, page is load dynamically using dojo","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to set the ethernet port pins directly to send High \/ Low signals to light up four LEDs. Is there any way I can simply connect LEDs to the ethernet cable?\nWhat would be the best approach, if using ethernet is not a good option, to light up four LED lights and switch them on\/off using a PC.\nI am planning to create a command-line tool in Python. So far I have gone through a lot of articles about PySerial, LibUSB etc. and have been suggested to use USB to UART converter modules, or USB to RS-232 converters.\nActually I don't want any interfaces except the PC port and the LEDs as far as possible.\nPlease suggest!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":250,"Q_Id":22111408,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, it is not possible. There is no sane way to affect the PHY in PC software.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,usb,ethernet,libusb","A_Id":22111428,"CreationDate":"2014-03-01T07:18:00.000","Title":"Toggle pins of ethernet port to high \/ low state?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was trying to download some files from a sever but it came back with an error page saying only links from internal server is allowed. I was able to download the file with any browser by clicking the link and I have verified the link I captured in Python was correct.\nIs there any way this can be done by using python? I tried urllib, urllib2 and requests, but none works. I could use selenium but the solution is not elegent","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":56,"Q_Id":22121165,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"When you use your browser, it sends a header known as a User-Agent that identifies it. You need to 'spoof' the user agent from your python script to make it think a human is browsing the website. Set the User-Agent header to that of a common browser, this makes it difficult for the server to detect that you are using a script.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":22121194,"CreationDate":"2014-03-01T22:21:00.000","Title":"Download files that only allow access from internal server with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i have read other Stackoverflow threads on this. Those are older posts, i would like to get the latest update. \nIs it possible to send multiple commands over single channel in Paramiko ? or is it still not possible ?\nIf so, is there any other library which can do the same.\nExample scenario, automating the Cisco router confi. : User need to first enter \"Config t\" before entering the other other commands. Its currently not possible in paramiko.\nTHanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4222,"Q_Id":22141637,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if you are planning to use the exec_command() method provided within the paramiko API , you would be limited to send only a single command at a time , as soon as the command has been executed the channel is closed.\nThe below excerpt from Paramiko API docs .\n\nexec_command(self, command) source code  Execute a command on the\n  server. If the server allows it, the channel will then be directly\n  connected to the stdin, stdout, and stderr of the command being\n  executed.\nWhen the command finishes executing, the channel will be closed and\n  can't be reused. You must open a new channel if you wish to execute\n  another command.\n\nbut since transport is also a form of socket , you can send commands without using the exec_command() method, using barebone socket programming. \nIncase you have a defined set of commands then both pexpect and exscript can be used , where you read a set of commands form a file and send them across the channel.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,paramiko","A_Id":22160534,"CreationDate":"2014-03-03T08:11:00.000","Title":"Paramiko - python SSH - multiple command under a single channel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I created a Python script to use Rackspace's API (Pyrax) to handle some image processing. It works perfect locally, but when I upload it to Iron.io worker, it builds but does not import. \nI am using a Windows 8 pc, but my boss runs OS X and uploading the exact worker package, it works fine. So I'm thinking it's something with Windows 8 but I don't know how to check\/fix.\nI do apologize in advance if I ramble or do not explain things clearly enough but any help would be greatly appreciated. \nMy worker file looks like this:\nruntime \"python\"\nexec \"rackspace.py\"\npip \"pyrax\"\nfull_remote_build true\nThen I simply import pyrax in my python file.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":116,"Q_Id":22148917,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's difficult to know for sure what's happening without being able to see a traceback. Do you get anything like that which could be used to help figure out what's going on?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,pip,rackspace,iron.io,pyrax","A_Id":22153710,"CreationDate":"2014-03-03T14:10:00.000","Title":"pip \"pyrax\" dependency with iron worker","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I created a Python script to use Rackspace's API (Pyrax) to handle some image processing. It works perfect locally, but when I upload it to Iron.io worker, it builds but does not import. \nI am using a Windows 8 pc, but my boss runs OS X and uploading the exact worker package, it works fine. So I'm thinking it's something with Windows 8 but I don't know how to check\/fix.\nI do apologize in advance if I ramble or do not explain things clearly enough but any help would be greatly appreciated. \nMy worker file looks like this:\nruntime \"python\"\nexec \"rackspace.py\"\npip \"pyrax\"\nfull_remote_build true\nThen I simply import pyrax in my python file.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":116,"Q_Id":22148917,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I figured out that it was a bad Ruby install. No idea why, but reinstalling it worked.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,pip,rackspace,iron.io,pyrax","A_Id":22153804,"CreationDate":"2014-03-03T14:10:00.000","Title":"pip \"pyrax\" dependency with iron worker","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking into the new paypal REST api.\nI want the ability to be able to pay another paypal account, transfer money from my acount to their acount. All the documentation I have seen so far is about charging users.\nIs paying someone with the REST api possible? Similar to the function of the mass pay api or adaptive payments api.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":105,"Q_Id":22159824,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"At this moment, paying another user via API is not possible via REST APIs, so mass pay\/Adaptive payments would be the current existing solution. It is likely that this ability will be part of REST in a future release.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,paypal","A_Id":22611605,"CreationDate":"2014-03-03T23:32:00.000","Title":"Paypal REST Api for Paying another paypal account","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on creating a web spider in python. Do i have to worry about permissions from any sites for scanning there content? If so, how do i get those? Thanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":43,"Q_Id":22165086,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"robots.txt file does have limits.\nIts better to inform the owner of the site if you are crawling too often and read reserved rights at the bottom of the site. It is a good idea to provide a link, to the source of your content.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":22165257,"CreationDate":"2014-03-04T07:01:00.000","Title":"Permission to get the source code using spider","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can we traverse back to parent in xpath?\nI am crawling IMDB, to obtain genre of films, I am using\nelem =  hxs.xpath('\/\/*[@id=\"titleStoryLine\"]\/div\/h4[text()=\"Genres:\"]')\n\nNow,the genres are listed as anchor links, which are siblings to this tag. how can this be achieved?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":405,"Q_Id":22177872,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This will select the parent element of the XPath expression you gave:\n\/\/*[@id=\"titleStoryLine\"]\/div\/h4[text()=\"Genres:\"]\/..","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,lxml,lxml.html","A_Id":22177986,"CreationDate":"2014-03-04T16:45:00.000","Title":"Traversing back to parent with lxml.html.xpath","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing an application that would asynchronously trigger some events. The test looks like this: set everything up, sleep for sometime, check that event has triggered.\nHowever because of that waiting the test takes quite a time to run - I'm waiting for about 10 seconds on every test. I feel that my tests are slow - there are other places where I can speed them up, but this sleeping seems the most obvious place to speed it up.\nWhat would be the correct way to eliminate that sleep? Is there some way to cheat datetime or something like that?\nThe application is a tornado-based web app and async events are triggered with IOLoop, so I don't have a way to directly trigger it myself.\nEdit: more details.\nThe test is a kind of integration test, where I am willing to mock the 3rd party code, but don't want to directly trigger my own code.\nThe test is to verify that a certain message is sent using websocket and is processed correctly in the browser. Message is sent after a certain timeout which is started at the moment the client connects to the websocket handler. The timeout value is taken as a difference between datetime.now() at the moment of connection and a value in database. The value is artificially set to be datetime.now() - 5 seconds before using selenium to request the page. Since loading the page requires some time and could be a bit random on different machines I don't think reducing the 5 seconds time gap would be wise. Loading the page after timeout will produce a different result (no websocket message should be sent).\nSo the problem is to somehow force tornado's IOLoop to send the message at any moment after the websocket is connected - if that happened in 0.5 seconds after setting the database value, 4.5 seconds left to wait and I want to try and eliminate that delay.\nTwo obvious places to mock are IOLoop itself and datetime.now(). the question is now which one I should monkey-patch and how.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":481,"Q_Id":22180528,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I you want to mock sleep then you must not use it directly in your application's code. I would create a class method like System.sleep() and use this in your application.  System.sleep() can be mocked then.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,tdd,tornado","A_Id":22180586,"CreationDate":"2014-03-04T18:57:00.000","Title":"Mocking \"sleep\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"iPython was working fine until a few hours ago when I had to do a hard shutdown because I was not able to interrupt my kernel. Now opening any notebook gives me the following error:\n\n\"WebSocket connection to could not be established. You will NOT be able to run code. Check your network connection or notebook server configuration.\"\n\nI have the latest version of Chrome and I am only trying to access local notebooks.\nThe Javascript console gives me this:\n\nStarting WebSockets: [link not allowed by StackOverflow]\/737c7279-7fab-467c-9e0f-cba16233e4b5 kernel.js:143\n\nWebSocket connection failed:  [link not allowed by StackOverflow]\/737c7279-7fab-467c-9e0f-cba16233e4b5 notificationarea.js:129\nResource interpreted as Image but transferred with MIME type image\/x-png: \"[link not allowed by StackOverflow]\/static\/components\/jquery-ui\/themes\/smoothness\/images\/ui-bg_glass_75_dadada_1x400.png\".\n(anonymous function)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":832,"Q_Id":22186057,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try reinstalling your iPython server or creating a new profile for the server","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"websocket,ipython,ipython-notebook","A_Id":26615734,"CreationDate":"2014-03-05T00:24:00.000","Title":"iPython notebook Websocket connection cannot be established","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a task to monitor disk usage and notify a few users when it runs out of space. I wrote python script that checks disk usage. Unfortunately I can't use email notification from the script because company policy does not allow it.\nMy question: Are there any other options that would allow me to notify selected users in my network about particular event i.e. full disk space? I mean some kind of message that will pop-up on the screen or etc.\nPlease keep in mind that I practically don't have any administrative privileges in the network.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":129,"Q_Id":22239230,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well ... I figured out that in my organization Microsoft Exchange will not allow email started from script except those originated from server.\nI handled to start email from server and now I'm all set.\nThanks for suggestions.\nTicket could be closed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,notify","A_Id":27495023,"CreationDate":"2014-03-07T00:41:00.000","Title":"How to notify users in network","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my recent project, I need to use the UDP protocol to transmit data.\nIf I send data by using size = s.sendto(data, (<addr>, <port>)), will the UDP protocol ensure that the data is packed into one UDP packet?\nIf so, will size == len(data) always be True?\nIs there anything that I misunderstood?\nMore precisely, will 'sendto()' split my data into several smaller chunks and then pack each chunk into UDP packet to transimit?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2494,"Q_Id":22292615,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The length of UDP packet is limited. If your data is too large, the return value can't equal the length.There are also some situations, such as not enough send buffer, network fault. The size only means the bytes that have been sent to send buffer.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,udp,sendto","A_Id":22292817,"CreationDate":"2014-03-10T05:23:00.000","Title":"Python - Is sendto()'s return value useless?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This is the second time today this has happened..\nI tried to import requests earlier and I got an Import Error: no module named requests\nSame thing for serial\nI googled the crap out of this and nothing I've found works. Any ideas as to what's going on? I'm trying to use pyserial to take input from an arduino","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2633,"Q_Id":22295895,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"are you looking for urllib.requests? if you are using python 2.7 when you ask for requests you import urllib and you don't actually use request, but its methods are available to the urllib handle, so for instance: \nurllib.urlopen(\"http:\/\/google.com\")\nwill work in python 2.7.x, where\nurllib.request.urlopen(\"http:\/\/google.com\")\nwill work in python3.x.x","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,serial-port,pyserial","A_Id":24922412,"CreationDate":"2014-03-10T09:05:00.000","Title":"Python no module named serial \/ no module named requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to write a client for a protocol where the server sends length-prefixed data. The data requires nontrivial decoding and processing, and at any moment the client only needs the latest available data: if there is more data available, it's desirable to flush the old entries and use only the newest one. This is to avoid situations where the client spends so much time processing data that it starts getting more and more behind the server.\nI can easily implement reading the length-prefixed data with twisted.protocols.basic.IntNStringReceiver, but how would I check if there is more data available? What I would perhaps like to do is call select on the socket with a zero timeout to see if reading from the socket would block, and if not I'd just skip all decoding and processing. The socket is of course not available in the Protocol.dataReceived method call. Another idea would be to store the data somewhere and start a delay, and if the method is called again before the delay fires, overwrite the data. This imposes a constant delay even in the usual case where there is no more data available. Is there some way to do this that would fit well the Twisted programming model?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":71,"Q_Id":22331935,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There aren't any peek-ahead APIs in Twisted that will let you know if there is data waiting in a buffer somewhere that's about to be delivered.\nI think your second idea is just fine - as long as you notice that you can pick an arbitrarily small constant delay.  For example, you could pick 0 seconds.  In practice this introduces a slightly longer delay (unless you have a really fast computer ;) but it's still small enough that you probably won't notice it.\nIt's possibly also worth knowing that Twisted reactors try to interleave processing of time-based events with processing of file descriptor-based events.  If you didn't know this then you might suspect that using reactor.callLater(0, f) would call f before any more I\/O happens.  While there's no guarantee of exactly how events are ordered, all of the reactors that ship with Twisted just go back and forth: process all I\/O events, process all time events, repeat.\nAnd if you pick only a slightly larger value, perhaps 1\/10th of 1 millisecond, then you can pretty much be sure that if dataReceived isn't called again before the timer expires there isn't any more locally received data that is about to be delivered to your application.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twisted","A_Id":22333848,"CreationDate":"2014-03-11T17:17:00.000","Title":"Skipping stale data in a Twisted protocol handler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to JavaScript.\n\nThe problem goes as follows: I have 10 div in my html file. I  am using links to go from one to another. Now, I want to test a condition which if satisfied (I am using python for this), should redirect me to another div within the same html. But I want that to be automatic. For eg, I am in <div id=\"table1\"> and inside it I am checking a condition. If that is true, I should be redirected automatically to <div id=\"table3\">.Can anyone please help me find the way out?On google,when I am trying to search for it, it is giving me results where I have to click a button for redirection (which will invoke a JS function). But I don't want that. I want it to happen automatically. So, please tell. \n\n<div id=\"table5\">\n    <div  style=\"position:fixed;right:40px;top:65px;\">\n        <a name=\"t10\" href=\"#t10\" onclick='show(10);'><button>  GO TO MAIN PAGE  <\/button><\/a>\n    <\/div>\n    % if not obj.i:\n        <h2>REDIRECT ME TO id=\"table3\"<\/h2>\n    % else:\n        <table border=1 cellpadding=7>\n            <tr>\n                <th>Row No. in Sheet<\/th>\n                <th>Parameters<\/th>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n                <th colspan=2>Total : ${value}<\/th>\n            <\/tr>\n        <\/table>\n    % endif\n<\/div>","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":68,"Q_Id":22348501,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am not going to search the code for you. But most sites tell you you need an onclick event because that is needed to open a link. And example.com#idOfDiv, is the kind of link you would open. Howerver, there is another possibility.\nFind some javascript code to decide the position of an element in x and y coordinats. After you got it, make JS Scroll ;).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,html","A_Id":22348762,"CreationDate":"2014-03-12T10:25:00.000","Title":"Get redirected to a div automatically without user's intervention","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a protobuf string representation for some object (__str___() def). Is it possible easily create that object from that string? Or the only possible way is the self written parser?\nDefault serialization\\deserialization is not applicable since the object state modification should be performed outside of the programming scope. And the whole flow is following:\n\nget ser representation from network;\ndeser this representation to the object;\nget the string representation for the object;\npass this representation to somebody who wants change some fields\n(values changed in the string representation). here will be created\na separate file with the str representation for all received objects\n(there will be lots of objects);\nconvert NEW string to the Py object;\nSer object;\nPass ser message over network.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":717,"Q_Id":22355594,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It will depend on how you represent the object as str(). If the object is machine parseable, you will have the best luck. If you use json, yaml or xml, you can use built in serialization libraries, otherwise you'll need to roll your own.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,protocol-buffers","A_Id":22355757,"CreationDate":"2014-03-12T15:04:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to create an object from the protobuf str representation in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to be able to scan a network of servers and match IP addresses to hostnames. \nI saw a lot of questions about this (with a lot of down votes), but none are exactly what I'm looking for.\nSo I've tried python's socket library socket.gethostbyaddr(ip). But this only returns results if I have a DNS setup or the IP-to-host mapping is in my hosts file.\nI want to be able to ask a machine for their hostname, rather than querying DNS.\nHow can a query a Linux machine for their hostname? \nPreferably using python or bash, but other ways are good too.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":22358516,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can remotely execute the command hostname command on these machines to acquire the Hostname","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,bash","A_Id":22358568,"CreationDate":"2014-03-12T16:54:00.000","Title":"Query machine for hostname","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to make my own crypto currency. I don't want to just recompile the Bitcoin source code and the rename it. I'd like to do it from scratch just to learn more about it. I'm thinking of using Python as the language for the implementation but I heard that in terms of performance Python isn't the best. My question is, would a network written in Python be able to perform well under the possibility of millions of peers (I know it's not going to happen but I'd like to make my network scalable.)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":744,"Q_Id":22360093,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Depends which part is in Python. The network is, by definition, I\/O bound. It's unlikely that using Python rather than C\/C++\/etc. will cause a noticeable performance drop for the client itself. Your choice of cryptographic algorithm will also have a large impact on performance (how quick it is to verify transactions, etc.). \nNow, as for 'mining' the currency, it would be silly to do that with Python since that's very much a CPU-bound task. In fact, using a GPU which allows for massive parallelism on trivially parallel problems is a much better idea (CUDA or OpenCL work great here).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,p2p,bitcoin,peer","A_Id":22360849,"CreationDate":"2014-03-12T18:02:00.000","Title":"Python Peer to Peer Network","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to make my own crypto currency. I don't want to just recompile the Bitcoin source code and the rename it. I'd like to do it from scratch just to learn more about it. I'm thinking of using Python as the language for the implementation but I heard that in terms of performance Python isn't the best. My question is, would a network written in Python be able to perform well under the possibility of millions of peers (I know it's not going to happen but I'd like to make my network scalable.)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":744,"Q_Id":22360093,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Nothing beats good ol' C for performance. However, if you plan on parallelising everything for multi-CPU support I would give Haskell a try. It is inherently parallel, so you won't have to put in extra effort for optimizations.\nYou can also do something similar in C with OpenMP and Cilk using pragmas.\nGood Luck!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,p2p,bitcoin,peer","A_Id":22360906,"CreationDate":"2014-03-12T18:02:00.000","Title":"Python Peer to Peer Network","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So for sake of understanding, we're going to assume both machines are on ipv4 and behind NAT networks. I'd like to be able to open a socket on both machines and have the machines connect through those sockets (or a similar system). I know nat punchthrough is required for this, but I'm not sure how nat punchtrough applies (can a socket that was once connecting now be accepting?) Anyone who has worked with nat punchthrough in python I would really appreciate the help.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3618,"Q_Id":22396635,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It sounds like you need to set up port forwarding -- essentially tell your router to forward calls it receives on a specific port to a service that sits behind it.\nThat's usually done through your router's admin interface.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking","A_Id":22396729,"CreationDate":"2014-03-14T05:10:00.000","Title":"Python P2P Networking (NAT Punchtrough)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm going to have to code a program in python that retrieves results after filling a web form (which in turn calls different javascript functions), and those results appear in a different frame of the website. I considered using the Selenium web engine, but I was wondering if anyone has any better idea?\nThank you\nDaniel","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":22407628,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yea. Reverse engineer the javascript using the chrome\/firefox console, see what request it makes and mimic them in python using urllib2 or the requests library.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,forms,web","A_Id":22408435,"CreationDate":"2014-03-14T14:20:00.000","Title":"How do I fill a form in a web site that calls javascript code and retrieve the results from a different frame using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've generated an HTML file that sits on my local disk, and which I can access through my browser. The HTML file is basically a list of links to external websites. The HTML file is generated from a local text file, which is itself a list of links to the remote sites.\nWhen I click on one of the links in the HTML document, as well the browser loading the relevant site (in a new tab), I want to remove the site from the list of sites in the local text file.\nI've looked at Javascript, Flask (Python), and CherryPy (Python), but I'm not sure these are valid solutions.\nCould someone advise on where I should look next? I'd prefer to do this with Python somehow - because it's what I'm familar with - but I'm open to anything.\nNote that I'm running on a Linux box.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":994,"Q_Id":22413513,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is many ways to do this \nHere is the easiest 3\n\nUse JavaScript \n\n2 install wampserver or similar and use php o modify the file\n3 don't use te browser to delete and instead use a bat file to open the browser and remove the link from the text file","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,flask","A_Id":22413574,"CreationDate":"2014-03-14T18:57:00.000","Title":"How to manipulate a local text file from an HTML page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm currently running an html and jsp file locally and hosting it by running this command through the terminal: python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8888 &.\nThis has been going smoothly, but I recently ran into an issue where I have to include library files (d3, jQuery, ajax, etc.)\nI've included the following command in my html file <script src=\"..\/libs\/d3.v3.min.js\"> \nbut noticed that it was pulling up a 404 error.  I've tried to remedy it with a change in script to : <script src=\"http:\/\/d3js.org\/d3.v3.min.js\">.\nBut I actually feel that it doesn't go to the root of the problem.  Why am I unable to include the files I have in my lib?  \nEdited wording to question thanks for the heads up Amber:  The lib file is located one directory up from the html file.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":22426005,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The SimpleHTTPServer module will only serve things that are within the directory you're telling it to serve and folders beneath that directory, for security reasons. (Otherwise a visitor could ask it for e.g. ..\/..\/..\/..\/etc\/passwd or similar.)\nIf you want to serve scripts and other assets, you'll need to put them in a subfolder of the directory you're running SimpleHTTPServer in.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,d3.js,local","A_Id":22430282,"CreationDate":"2014-03-15T15:48:00.000","Title":"How to include libraries through the python local server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using scapy to send data over ICMP. I need to send image and other files over ICMP using scapy. I am able to send simple strings in ICMP. How could I send image and other files ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2190,"Q_Id":22436119,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you've discovered why the inventors of the Internet developed TCP. There's a limit on the payload size in an ICMP packet. Most networks have a 1500-byte total limit on the size of Ethernet packets, so with a 20-byte IP header and an 8-byte ICMP header, your maximum payload size in a single packet will be 1472 octets. That's not enough for many image files.\nYou need a way of breaking up your image data stream into chunks of about that size, sending them in multiple ICMP packets, and reassembling them into a data stream on the receiver.\nConsidering that there's no guarantee ICMP packets are received in order, and indeed no guarantee that they'll all be received in order, you will need to put some kind of sequence number into the the individual packets, so you can reassembly them in order. You also may need some timeout logic so your receiving machine can figure out that a packet was lost and so the image will never be completed.\nRTP and TCP are two protocols layered on IP that do that. They are documented in precise detail, and you can learn from those documents how to do what you're trying to do and some of the pitfalls and performance implications.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scapy,icmp,tunneling","A_Id":22436235,"CreationDate":"2014-03-16T11:17:00.000","Title":"How to send an image in ICMP data field using ICMP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on something that sends data from one program over UDP to another program at a known IP and port.  The program at the known IP and port receives the message from the originating IP but thanks to the NAT the port is obscured (to something like 30129).  The program at the known IP and port wants to send an acknowledgement and\/or info to the querying program.  It can send it back to the original IP and the obscured port #.  But how will the querying program know what port to monitor to get it back on? Or, is there a way (this is Python) to say \"send this out over port 3200 to known IP (1.2.3.4) on port 7000?  That way the known IP\/port can respond to port 30129, but it'll get redirected to 3200, which the querying program knows to monitor.  Any help appreciated.  And no, TCP is not an option.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":369,"Q_Id":22487388,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The simple answer is you don't care what the \"real\" (ie: pre-natted) port is. Just reply to the nat query and allow the nat to handling delivering the result. If you ABSOLUTELY have to know the source UDP port, include the information in your UDP packet -- but I strongly recommend against this.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp,port,nat","A_Id":22487519,"CreationDate":"2014-03-18T18:00:00.000","Title":"How to determine outgoing port in Python through NAT","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on something that sends data from one program over UDP to another program at a known IP and port.  The program at the known IP and port receives the message from the originating IP but thanks to the NAT the port is obscured (to something like 30129).  The program at the known IP and port wants to send an acknowledgement and\/or info to the querying program.  It can send it back to the original IP and the obscured port #.  But how will the querying program know what port to monitor to get it back on? Or, is there a way (this is Python) to say \"send this out over port 3200 to known IP (1.2.3.4) on port 7000?  That way the known IP\/port can respond to port 30129, but it'll get redirected to 3200, which the querying program knows to monitor.  Any help appreciated.  And no, TCP is not an option.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":369,"Q_Id":22487388,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Okay, I figured it out - the trick is to use the same sock object to receive that you used to send.  At least in initial experiments, that seems to do the trick.  Thanks for your help.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp,port,nat","A_Id":22488054,"CreationDate":"2014-03-18T18:00:00.000","Title":"How to determine outgoing port in Python through NAT","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a script which will upload files from a unix server to an HTTP location.\nI want to use only these modules - cookielib, urllib2, urllib, mimetypes, mimetools, traceback","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":62,"Q_Id":22490452,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would like to make question more clear\nhere http location mentioned is a common share folder link which can use by number of people by accessing through username\/passwd. \nfor ex: my target location has:\nI have http:\/commonfolder.mydomain.com\/somelocation\/345333 location \nI have username = someuid ,password = xxxxx\nmy source location has:\nI have a my.txt file contains some data\nI want to run shell or python script which will tranfer the file to target location mentioned above. so that many people can start using latest info I am uploading timely.\n-shijo","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":22567478,"CreationDate":"2014-03-18T20:35:00.000","Title":"How to upload files to an HTTP location using a python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing python two scripts using scapy one executed on server side and the other on client side. On client side, the script sends UDP packets to a closed port on server. The aim of my scripts, is to test if client will accept invalid ICMP packets received from server. On server side, I am going to sniff for incoming traffic and respond every UDP packet with an ICMP port unreachable, and everytime I will modify a field in ICMP packet (false value) to test if the packet is received. My question is: when I modify the Raw field (payload) ,is it normal that client will accept this ICMP packet ? I mean there is no control done on Raw field. I hope my question is clear. Thank you very much.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":609,"Q_Id":22502741,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well, at least for the ID and sequence fields, these can be any 16-bit numbered combination and the kernel will accept the packet and forward it to all registered ICMP socket handlers. \nBut if the checksum field is incorrect, the receiving kernel will not pass the header up to the handlers (it will however to link layer sniffers). Also, from what I tested, if you change the type\/code flags to incorrect combinations of known numbers, or numbers undefined by the protocol, the receiving kernel does not pass that to handlers (but it is still seen by link layer sniffers).\nNote I didn't use scapy, just straight python\/socket code, and my system is Linux.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,udp,scapy,icmp","A_Id":22513923,"CreationDate":"2014-03-19T10:22:00.000","Title":"Invalid field Raw in an ICMP destination unreachable (port unreachable) packet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using pexpect in python to receive continuous audio data from an audio input for my home automation project. Is there a way to pause the pexpect from using my audio device? Or can I use the audio device in two separate programs\/scripts?\nWhat I want to do is: Use speech recognition (julius) to listen for keywords. For more complex commands I want to use Google's Speech to Text API because of a higher accuracy. Both things work perfectly fine separately. \nWhat my problem is: Once the keyword is found, audio data needs to be recorded and send to the Google API. However, I have only one audio device and this is already used by the speech recognition with julius. I cannot .close and .spawn the speech recognition, because it takes a long time to load. Is there any chance the pexpect can be paused? Or do you guys know any other workaround?\nBests,\nMGG","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":248,"Q_Id":22516007,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A workaround for my problem was the following:\nusing dsnoop for ALSA audio settings in .asoundrc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,audio,pexpect,julius-speech","A_Id":22633327,"CreationDate":"2014-03-19T19:16:00.000","Title":"python pause pexpect.spawn and its used devices","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have this web application with LDAP backend, to read and modify some LDAP attributes.\nWeb application use the SSO (Single Sign-on) to authenticate user.\nHow can I bind to LDAP, if I only get a user name as an attribute from SSO, withouth asking for password again, because it will make SSO useless?\nI use SimpleSAMLphp as identity provider, and python driven web application for LDAP management.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":153,"Q_Id":22517604,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Rather than using the user's credentials to bind to LDAP, get an application account at LDAP that has read permissions for the attributes you need on the users within the directory. Then, when you get the username via SSO, you just query LDAP using your application's ID.\nMake sure you make your application ID's password super strong - 64 chars with a yearly change should be good. Better yet, do certificate-based authn.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,ldap,single-sign-on,saml","A_Id":22533335,"CreationDate":"2014-03-19T20:39:00.000","Title":"Bind to LDAP after SSO?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on an appliance using an old version of python (2.5.2).\nI'm working on a script which needs to read a webpage, but I can't access the normal libraries\n - urllib, urllib2 and requests are not available.\nHow did people collect this in the olden days? \nI could do a wget\/curl from the shell, but I'd prefer to stick to python if possible. I also need to be able to go through a proxy which may force me into system calls.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":22535539,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you really want to do it old-school entirely within Python but without urllib, then you'll have to use socket and implement a tiny subset of HTTP 1.0 to fetch the page. Jumping through the hoops to get through a proxy will be really painful though.\nUse wget or curl and save yourself a few days of debugging.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,python-2.5","A_Id":22536352,"CreationDate":"2014-03-20T14:09:00.000","Title":"collect web page source with python 2.5.2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The scenario is\nI have multiple local computers running a python application. These are on separate networks waiting for data to be sent to them from a web server. These computers are on networks without a static IP and generally behind firewall and proxy.\nOn the other hand I have web server which gets updates from the user through a form and send the update to the correct local computer.\nQuestion\nWhat options do I have to enable this. Currently I am sending csv files over ftp to achieve this but this is not real time. \nThe application is built on python and using django for the web part.\nAppreciate your help","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":63,"Q_Id":22602390,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Sounds like you need a message queue.\nYou would run a separate broker server which is sent tasks by your web app. This could be on the same machine. On your two local machines you would run queue workers which connect to the broker to receive tasks (so no inbound connection required), then notify the broker in real time when they are complete. \nExamples are RabbitMQ and Oracle Tuxedo. What you choose will depend on your platform & software.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,data-binding,architecture","A_Id":22629711,"CreationDate":"2014-03-24T06:24:00.000","Title":"Sync data with Local Computer Architecture","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have followed the wiki and set up everything necessary, but all the images are broken right now. I used the aptitude package manager to install. \nHere are my configuration files:\n\/etc\/default\/thumbor\n\n# set this to 0 to disable thumbor, remove or set anything else to enable it\n# you can temporarily override this with\n# sudo service thumbor start force=1\nenabled=1\n\n# Location of the configuration file\nconffile=\/etc\/thumbor.conf\n\n# Location of the keyfile which contains the signing secret used in URLs\n#keyfile=\/etc\/thumbor.key\n\n# IP address to bind to. Defaults to all IP addresses\n# ip=127.0.0.1\n\n# TCP port to bind to. Defaults to port 8888.\n# multiple instances of thumbor can be started by putting several ports coma separeted\n# Ex:\n# port=8888,8889,8890\n# or\nport=8888 #Default\n\n\/etc\/thumbor.conf\n\n#!\/usr\/bin\/python\n# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n\n# thumbor imaging service\n# https:\/\/github.com\/globocom\/thumbor\/wiki\n\n# Licensed under the MIT license:\n# http:\/\/www.opensource.org\/licenses\/mit-license\n# Copyright (c) 2011 globo.com timehome@corp.globo.com\n\n# the domains that can have their images resized\n# use an empty list for allow all sources\n#ALLOWED_SOURCES = ['mydomain.com']\nALLOWED_SOURCES = ['admin.mj.dev', 'mj.dev', 'api.mj.dev', 's3.amazonaws.com']\n\n# the max width of the resized image\n# use 0 for no max width\n# if the original image is larger than MAX_WIDTH x MAX_HEIGHT,\n# it is proportionally resized to MAX_WIDTH x MAX_HEIGHT\n# MAX_WIDTH = 800\n\n# the max height of the resized image\n# use 0 for no max height\n# if the original image is larger than MAX_WIDTH x MAX_HEIGHT,\n# it is proportionally resized to MAX_WIDTH x MAX_HEIGHT\n# MAX_HEIGHT = 600\n\n# the quality of the generated image\n# this option can vary widely between\n# imaging engines and works only on jpeg images\nQUALITY = 85\n\n# enable this options to specify client-side cache in seconds\nMAX_AGE = 24 * 60 * 60\n\n# client-side caching time for temporary images (using queued detectors or after detection errors)\nMAX_AGE_TEMP_IMAGE = 0\n\n# the way images are to be loaded\nLOADER = 'thumbor.loaders.http_loader'\n\n# maximum size of the source image in Kbytes.\n# use 0 for no limit.\n# this is a very important measure to disencourage very\n# large source images.\n# THIS ONLY WORKS WITH http_loader.\nMAX_SOURCE_SIZE = 0\n\n# if you set UPLOAD_ENABLED to True,\n# a route \/upload will be enabled for your thumbor process\n# You can then do a put to this URL to store the photo\n# using the specified Storage\nUPLOAD_ENABLED = False\nUPLOAD_PHOTO_STORAGE = 'thumbor.storages.file_storage'\nUPLOAD_PUT_ALLOWED = False\nUPLOAD_DELETE_ALLOWED = False\n\n# how to store the loaded images so we don't have to load\n# them again with the loader\n#STORAGE = 'thumbor.storages.redis_storage'\n#STORAGE = 'thumbor.storages.no_storage'\nSTORAGE = 'thumbor.storages.file_storage'\n#STORAGE = 'thumbor.storages.mixed_storage'\n# root path of the file storage\nFILE_STORAGE_ROOT_PATH = '\/var\/lib\/thumbor\/storage'\n\n# If you want to cache results, use this options to specify how to cache it\n# Set Expiration seconds to ZERO if you want them not to expire.\n#RESULT_STORAGE = 'thumbor.result_storages.file_storage'\n#RESULT_STORAGE_EXPIRATION_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 24 # one day\n#RESULT_STORAGE_FILE_STORAGE_ROOT_PATH = '\/tmp\/thumbor\/result_storage'\n\nRESULT_STORAGE_STORES_UNSAFE=False\n\n# stores the crypto key in each image in the storage\n# this is VERY useful to allow changing the security key\nSTORES_CRYPTO_KEY_FOR_EACH_IMAGE = True\n\n#REDIS_STORAGE_SERVER_HOST = 'localhost'\n#REDIS_STORAGE_SERVER_PORT = 6379\n#REDIS_STORAGE_SERVER_DB = 0\n#REDIS_STORAGE_SERVER_PASSWORD = None\n\n# imaging engine to use to process images\n#ENGINE = 'thumbor.engines.graphicsmagick'\n#ENGINE = 'thumbor.engines.pil'\nENGINE = 'thumbor.engines.opencv'\n\n# detectors to use to find Focal Points in the image\n# more about detectors can be found in thumbor's docs\n# at https:\/\/github.com\/globocom\/thumbor\/wiki\nDETECTORS = [\n    'thumbor.detectors.face_detector',\n    'thumbor.detectors.feature_detector',\n]\n\n# Redis parameters for queued detectors\n# REDIS_QUEUE_SERVER_HOST = 'localhost'\n# REDIS_QUEUE_SERVER_PORT = 6379\n# REDIS_QUEUE_SERVER_DB = 0\n# REDIS_QUEUE_SERVER_PASSWORD = None\n\n# if you use face detection this is the file that\n# OpenCV will use to find faces. The default should be\n# fine, so change this at your own peril.\n# if you set a relative path it will be relative to\n# the thumbor\/detectors\/face_detector folder\n#FACE_DETECTOR_CASCADE_FILE = 'haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml'\n\n# this is the security key used to encrypt\/decrypt urls.\n# make sure this is unique and not well-known\n# This can be any string of up to 16 characters\nSECURITY_KEY = \"thumbor@musejam@)!$\"\n\n# if you enable this, the unencryted URL will be available\n# to users.\n# IT IS VERY ADVISED TO SET THIS TO False TO STOP OVERLOADING\n# OF THE SERVER FROM MALICIOUS USERS\nALLOW_UNSAFE_URL = False\n# Mixed storage classes. Change them to the fullname of the\n# storage you desire for each operation.\n#MIXED_STORAGE_FILE_STORAGE = 'thumbor.storages.file_storage'\n#MIXED_STORAGE_CRYPTO_STORAGE = 'thumbor.storages.no_storage'\n#MIXED_STORAGE_DETECTOR_STORAGE = 'thumbor.storages.no_storage'\n\nFILTERS = [\n    'thumbor.filters.brightness',\n    'thumbor.filters.contrast',\n    'thumbor.filters.rgb',\n    'thumbor.filters.round_corner',\n    'thumbor.filters.quality',\n    'thumbor.filters.noise',\n    'thumbor.filters.watermark',\n    'thumbor.filters.equalize',\n    'thumbor.filters.fill',\n    'thumbor.filters.sharpen',\n    'thumbor.filters.strip_icc',\n    'thumbor.filters.frame',\n\n    # can only be applied if there are already points for the image being served\n    # this means that either you are using the local face detector or the image\n    # has already went through remote detection\n    # 'thumbor.filters.redeye',\n\n\nURLs for images that I try to load look like this:\nhttp:\/\/localhost:8888\/Q9boJke8j2p2Qtv53Hbz_g1nMZo=\/250x250\/smart\/http:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/our-company\/0ea7eeb2979215f35112d2e5753a1ee5.jpg\nI have also setup a key in \/etc\/thumbor.key, please let me know if that's necessary to post here.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3567,"Q_Id":22609742,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You are missing a closing bracket in the filters option in your thumbor.conf.\nDid you miss it posting here or actually in the thumbor.conf file?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ubuntu-12.04,thumbnails,thumbor","A_Id":23401532,"CreationDate":"2014-03-24T12:43:00.000","Title":"Thumbor installation not working","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to switch between interfaces in Python program?\nI will have eth0 and wlan0 connection, both are different routers.\nI'm using boto to upload images to AWS server. And I need to upload using router with fast upload speed and for other downloads I need to use another interface which is connected to a router with fast download speed.\nIf this is possible how I can do it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":409,"Q_Id":22636894,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Its possible by using route add command in linux","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,router","A_Id":22789614,"CreationDate":"2014-03-25T14:01:00.000","Title":"Use different interfaces (eth0 and wlan0) for sending and receiving in Python program","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an ftp server that contains all of my tar files, those tar files are as big as 500MB+, and they are too many and all I needed to do is to get a single file from a TAR that contains multiple files which becomes 500MB+.\nMy initial idea is to download each tar files and get the single file I needed, but that seems to be inefficient.\nI'm using Python as Programming language.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":981,"Q_Id":22650764,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This answer is not specific to python, because the problem is not specific to python: In theory you could read the part of the Tar-file where your data are. With FTP (and also with pythons ftplib) this is possible by doing first a REST command to specify the start position in the file, then RETR to start the download of the data and after you got the amount of data you need you can close the data connection. \nBut, Tar is a file format without a central index, e.g. each file in Tar is prefixed with a small header with information about name, size and other. So to get a specific file you must read the first header, check if it is the matching file and if it is not you skip the size of the unwanted file and try with the next one. With lots of smaller files in Tar this will be less effective than downloading the complete file (or at least downloading up to the relevant part - you might parse the file while downloading) because all these new data connections for each read cause lots f overhead. But if you have large files in the Tar this might work.\nBut, you are completely out of luck if it is not a TAR (*.tar), but a TGZ (*.tgz or *.tar.gz) file. These are compressed Tar-files and to get any part of the file you would need to decompress everything you have before. So in this case there is no way around downloading the file or at least downloading everything up to the relevant part.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ftp,tar,tarfile","A_Id":22652307,"CreationDate":"2014-03-26T03:10:00.000","Title":"Python: Get single file in a TAR from FTP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to telnet to a server and from there telnet to another server in python?\nSince there is a controller which I telnet into using a username and password, and from the controller command line I need to login as root to run linux command. How would I do that using python? \nI use the telentlib to login into router controller but from the router controller I need to log in again to get into shell. Is this possible using python?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1456,"Q_Id":22668907,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have you looked into using expect (there should be a python binding); basically, what I think you want to do is:\n\nFrom your python script, use telnetlib to connect to server A (pass in username\/password).\nWithin this \"socket\", send the remaining commands, e.g. \"telnet serverB\" and use expect (or some other mechanism) to check that you get back the expected \"User:\" prompt; if so, send user and then password and then whatever commands, and otherwise handle errors.\n\nThis should be very much doable and is fairly common with older stuff that doesn't support a cleaner API.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,telnet","A_Id":22669160,"CreationDate":"2014-03-26T17:37:00.000","Title":"Telnet from telnet session in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to telnet to a server and from there telnet to another server in python?\nSince there is a controller which I telnet into using a username and password, and from the controller command line I need to login as root to run linux command. How would I do that using python? \nI use the telentlib to login into router controller but from the router controller I need to log in again to get into shell. Is this possible using python?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1456,"Q_Id":22668907,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Just checked it with the hardware I have in hand & telnetlib. Saw no problem.\nWhen you are connected to the first device just send all the necessary commands using telnet.write('cmd'). It may be sudo su\\n, telnet 192.168.0.2\\n or whatever else. Telnetlib keeps in mind only its own telnet connection, all secondary connections are handled by the corresponding controllers.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,telnet","A_Id":22669249,"CreationDate":"2014-03-26T17:37:00.000","Title":"Telnet from telnet session in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"we have a problem with sending in most efficient way about 1000 (or even more) 2MB's chunks via network. We want to avoid pure sockets (if it won't be possible we will use them). For now we've tested:\n\nList item rabbitmq client -> server: about 39sec\/GB on localhost (very slow)\nrequests client -> flask server : still about 40sec\/GB on localhost\nflask on tornado with creating threads for each IO write opperation and still 40 sec\/GB of SSD flash drive\nraw tornado still 40 sec\/GB\n\nWe are running out of ideas. Best solution for us is to use lightweight solution, maybe http.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":965,"Q_Id":22697210,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If all the files are available at the start. I would zip them first to a single file. It is not about the compression but the number of files.\nThere are certain IO operations (open\/close and network start\/end) that will happen 100 times for each file which you can easily avoid. Compression will help too.\nNow sockets or HTTP, it wont matter much if you have single file (or technically a stream).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,upload,flask,rabbitmq,tornado","A_Id":43458666,"CreationDate":"2014-03-27T19:21:00.000","Title":"What's the fastest way to send 1000 2MB's files using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have the following line of code: xml = BytesIO(\"<A><B>some text<\/B><\/A>\") for the file named test.xml.\nBut I would like to have something like xml = \"\/home\/user1\/test.xml\"\nHow can I use the file location instread of having to put the file content?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":265,"Q_Id":22703236,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Exactly like you have.  lxml.etree.parse() accepts a string filename and will read the file for you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,lxml","A_Id":22703299,"CreationDate":"2014-03-28T02:43:00.000","Title":"XML file as input","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using the community module to extract communities from a networkx graph. For the community module, the order in which the nodes are processed makes a difference. I tried to set the seed of random to get consistent results but that is not working. Any idea on how to do this?\nthanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":165,"Q_Id":22719863,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had to change the seed inside every class I used.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networkx","A_Id":24051792,"CreationDate":"2014-03-28T17:48:00.000","Title":"Fix the seed for the community module in Python that uses networkx module","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a web crawler in Python using MongoDB to store a queue with all URLs to crawl. I will have several independent workers that will crawl URLs. Whenever a worker completes crawling a URL, it will make a request in the MongoDB collection \"queue\" to get a new URL to crawl. \nMy issue is that since there will be multiple crawlers, how can I ensure that two crawlers won't query the database at the same time and get the same URL to crawl?\nThanks a lot for your help","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":510,"Q_Id":22737982,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Since reads in MongoDB are concurrent I completely understand what your saying. Yes, it is possible for two workers to pick the same row, amend it and then re-save it overwriting each other (not to mention wasted resources on crawling).\nI believe you must accept that one way or another you will lose performance, that is an unfortunate part of ensuring consistency.\nYou could use findAndModify to pick exclusively, since findAndModify has isolation it can ensure that you only pick a URL that has not been picked before. The problem is that findAndModify, due to being isolated, to slow down the rate of your crawling.\nAnother way could be to do an optimistic lock whereby you write a lock to the database rows picked very quickly after picking them, this will mean that there is some wastage when it comes to crawling duplicate URLs but it does mean you will get the maximum performance and concurrency out of your workers.\nWhich one you go for requires you to test and discover which best suites you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mongodb,queue,mongodb-query,worker","A_Id":22738408,"CreationDate":"2014-03-29T22:55:00.000","Title":"Multiple workers getting information from a single MongoDB queue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to scrap a website where targeted items are populated using document.write method. How can I get full browser html rendered version of the website in the Scrapy?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":428,"Q_Id":22757755,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can't do this, as scrapy will not execute the JavaScript code.\nWhat you can do:\n\nRely on a headless browser like Selenium, which will execute the JavaScript. Afterwards, use XPath (or simple DOM access) like before to query the web page after executing the page.\nUnderstand where the contents come from, and load and parse the source directly instead. Chrome Dev Tools \/ Firebug might help you with that, have a look at the \"Network\" panel that shows fetched data.\nEspecially look for JSON, sometimes also XML.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":22757917,"CreationDate":"2014-03-31T09:14:00.000","Title":"Scrapy: scraping website where targeted items are populated using document.write","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm creating a unittest- and Selenium-based test suite for a web application.  It is reachable by several hostnames, e.g. implying different languages;  but of course I want to be able to test e.g. my development instances as well without changing the code (and without fiddling with the hosts file which doesn't work for me anymore, because of network security considerations, I suppose).\nThus, I'd like to be able to specify the hostname by commandline arguments.\nThe test runner does argument parsing itself, e.g. for chosing the tests to execute.\nWhat is the recommended method to handle this situation?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":94,"Q_Id":22805650,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The solution I came up with finally is:\n\nHave a module for the tests which fixes the global data, including the hostname, and provides my TestCase class (I added an assertLoadsOk method to simply check for the HTTP status code).\nThis module does commandline processing as well:\n\nIt checks for its own options\nand removes them from the argument vector (sys.argv).\nWhen finding an \"unknown\" option, stop processing the options, and leave the rest to the testrunner.\n\nThe commandline processing happens on import, before initializing my TestCase class.\n\nIt works well for me ...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"selenium,python-unittest","A_Id":22939972,"CreationDate":"2014-04-02T08:30:00.000","Title":"How to pass an argument (e.g. the hostname) to the testrunner","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to take input from the webpage, parse the data submitted using python or tcl and start the script execution based on the inputs given. \nPlease suggest me a solution, how it can be done. \nI am not sure whether some web server need to be started for this.\nThanks in Advance. \nRegards,\nSurya","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":514,"Q_Id":22807281,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Surya, \nyou should have a look at the ncgi and htmlparse packages in tcllib to extract the information you need. \nJoachim","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,tcl","A_Id":22811026,"CreationDate":"2014-04-02T09:35:00.000","Title":"Read input from the webpage, parse the data submitted using python or tcl and start the script execution based on the inputs given","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to create a bot for an online game. The values for the game are stored in Javascript variables, which I can access. However, running my bot code in Javascript freezes the browser, since my code is the only thing that executes. \nI'm trying to code my bot in Python, then, since it can run synchronously with the browser. How can I pass the Javascript variables to a client-side Python program?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":672,"Q_Id":22903625,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm trying to code my bot in Python, then, since it can run synchronously with the browser. How can I pass the JavaScript variables to a client-side Python program?... \nYou can pass the JavaScript variables only with query string.\nI create the server in CherryPy (CherryPy is an object-oriented web application framework using the Python ) and the client function with file HTML.\nRepeat: The data can be passed only by query string because the Server works statically and the Client works dynamically.\nThis is a stupid sentence but so function a general Client\/Server.\nThe server receive a call or message one times and offers the service and response.\nI also can wrong....This is a my opinion.\nExists Mako Templates where you can include the pages HTML (helpful for build the structure of the site) or pass variable from Server to Client.\nI not know nothing programs or languages that you can pass the JavaScript variable to Server (and I try with Mako Templates but not function).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,parameter-passing","A_Id":22907980,"CreationDate":"2014-04-07T04:29:00.000","Title":"Reading Javascript Variable in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I created a simple threaded python server, and I have two parameters for format, one is JSON (return string data) and the other is zip.  When a user selects the format=zip as one of the input parameters, I need the server to return a zip file back to the user.  How should I return a file to a user on a do_GET() for my server?  Do I just return the URL where the file can be downloaded or can I send the file back to the user directly?  If option two is possible, how do I do this?\nThank you","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":257,"Q_Id":22910772,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The issue was that I hadn't closed the zipfile object before I tried to return it.  It appeared there was a lock on the file.\nTo return a zip file from a simple http python server using GET, you need to do the following:\n\nSet the header to 'application\/zip'\nself.send_header(\"Content-type:\", \"application\/zip\")\nCreate the zip file using zipfile module\nUsing the file path (ex: c:\/temp\/zipfile.zip) open the file using 'rb' method to read the binary information\nopenObj = open( < path > , 'rb')\nreturn the object back to the browser\nopenObj.close()\n del openObj\n self.wfile.write(openObj.read())\nThat's about it. Thank you all for your help.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,rest,python-2.7,simplehttpserver","A_Id":22915936,"CreationDate":"2014-04-07T11:14:00.000","Title":"Issue with Python Server Returning File On GET","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to send this string on Python SQS:\n\"Talh\u00e3o\", with no quotes.\nHow do I do that?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":22939822,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"install the newest version of boto (2.27 or more, lower versions have an issue with unicode strings)\nsend it as unicode, and you will succeed","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto,amazon-sqs","A_Id":23070269,"CreationDate":"2014-04-08T14:18:00.000","Title":"Amazon SQS Python\/boto: how do I send messages with accented characters?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to send data packets from an active Python script to a webpage currently running JavaScript?\nThe specific usage I'm looking for is to give the ability for the webpage, using JavaScript, to tell the Python script information about the current state of the webpage, then for the Python script to interpret that data and then send data back to the webpage, which the JavaScript then uses to decide which function to execute.\nThis is for a video game bot (legally), so it would need to happen in real time. I'm fairly proficient in Python and web requests, but I'm just getting into JavaScript, so hopefully a solution for this wouldn't be too complex in terms of Javascript.\nEDIT: One way I was thinking to accomplish this would be to have Javascript write to a file that the Python script could also read and write to, but a quick google search says that JavaScript is very limited in terms of file I\/O. Would there be a way to accomplish this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":645,"Q_Id":22950275,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For security reasons, javascript in a browser is usually restricted to only communicate with the site it was loaded from.\nGiven that, that's an AJAX call, a very standard thing to do.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":22950323,"CreationDate":"2014-04-08T23:41:00.000","Title":"Using Python to communicate with JavaScript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've written a script that pulls data from my school's website and I'm having some trouble with execution time. \nThere are over 20 campuses, each with data for three semesters. The script looks up those school names, then the semesters available for each school, then the subjects\/departments that are offering classes each semester. Then the script  searches for the classes per department and then I do things with that data. \nI timed the execution of the script on just one campus, and it ran for over three minutes. When I ran it for all 24 campuses it took over an hour. I'm using the \"requests\" library, which runs each HTTP request in synchronously. I'm using the \"requests\" library, primarily because it handles sessions nicely.\nI'm looking for ways to bring down the time the script takes to run, by making the various requests for each semester run in parallel. I suspect that if I run three semesters asynchronously, then each school should take a minute, instead of three. Then, I can run all schools in parallel and achieve the same minute for all of the data. A minute is a lot less than an hour and a quarter!\n\nAm I wrong in my guess that multithreading\/processing will bring down the execution time so drastically? What Python libraries should I be using for threads or processes? \nOnce I've got each school being processed on a  thread, how do I consolidate the data from all the schools into one place? I know that it's considered poor practice for threads to alter global state, but what's the alternative here?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":67,"Q_Id":23014432,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In python you want multiprocessing over multithreading. Threads don't do well in Python beacause of the GIL.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,performance,multiprocessing","A_Id":23014920,"CreationDate":"2014-04-11T13:46:00.000","Title":"Performance Improvements with Processes or Threads","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to pass formdata in a scrapy shell? \nI am trying to scrape data from an authenticated session, and it would be nice to check xpaths and so on through a scrapy shell.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":407,"Q_Id":23023294,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"one workaround is to first login using scrapy (using FormRequest) and then invoke inspect_response(response) in the parse method","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":23269542,"CreationDate":"2014-04-11T21:59:00.000","Title":"Pass username\/password (Formdata) in a scrapy shell","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am new to selenium.\nI found selenium would not use my local firefox browser. Seems it create a fresh one with no plugin.\nBut I want do something with plugin on, such as: modify request headers, aotuproxy. I only found setting headers example in java.  Though proxy can be set by using webdriver.FirefoxProfile().set_preference('network.proxy.http',....,  it is not so sweet to fit my aim.\nSo I think it would be very nice to make selenium use my firefox. But I can not figure it out.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":97,"Q_Id":23027988,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Selenium cannot connect to an existing browser. It can only launch new instances.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium","A_Id":23028084,"CreationDate":"2014-04-12T08:19:00.000","Title":"How can I make Selenium use my firefox (not create a fresh one)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know the httpserver module in tornado is implemented based on the tcpserver module, so I can  write a socket server based on tornado. But how can I write a server that is both a socket server and a web server?\nFor example, if I want to implement a chat app. A user can either login through a browser or a client program. The browser user can send msg to the client user through the back-end server. So the back-end server is a web and socket server.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1209,"Q_Id":23028941,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can start multiple servers that share an IOLoop within the same process. Your HTTPServer could listen on one port, and the TCPServer could listen on another.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,web,tornado","A_Id":23031157,"CreationDate":"2014-04-12T10:07:00.000","Title":"How to use tornado as both a socket server and web server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to pull traffic information from a particular youtube video (demographics for example, age of users, country, gender, etc.), say using the python gdata module or the youtube API? I have been looking around the module's documentation, but so far nothing.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":182,"Q_Id":23037748,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There used to be a large selection of things in the past, but they are all gone now. So do not think it is possible any more.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,youtube-api,gdata","A_Id":23088868,"CreationDate":"2014-04-13T00:25:00.000","Title":"YouTube API retrieve demographic information about a video","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have to copy a part of one document to another, but I don't want to modify the document I copy from.\nIf I use .extract() it removes the element from the tree. If I just append selected element like document2.append(document1.tag) it still removes the element from document1.\nAs I use real files I can just not save document1 after modification, but is there any way to do this without corrupting a document?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10039,"Q_Id":23057631,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"It may not be the fastest solution, but it is short and seems to work...\nclonedtag = BeautifulSoup(str(sourcetag)).body.contents[0]\nBeautifulSoup creates an extra <html><body>...<\/body><\/html> around the cloned tag (in order to make the \"soup\" a sane html document). .body.contents[0] removes those wrapping tags.\nThis idea was derived Peter Woods comment above and Clemens Klein-Robbenhaar's comment below.","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":27881018,"CreationDate":"2014-04-14T10:21:00.000","Title":"clone element with beautifulsoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How do i send xml file to http request(to web url) in python 2.7 or 3.3 or 3.4 and what are the packages that need to be installed in ubuntu..","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":168,"Q_Id":23075224,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"import requests url = \"192.168.6.x:8089\/test\/request?\"; files =\"\"\"  \"\"\" r = requests.post(url, str(files)) print (r.text) print(r.elapsed)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":23190634,"CreationDate":"2014-04-15T05:21:00.000","Title":"How do i send xml file to http request in python and what are the packages that need to be installed in ubuntu","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to access data from google-analytics. I am following the guide and is able to gauthorize my user and get the code from oauth. \nWhen I try to access data from GA I only get 403 Insufficient Permission back. Do I somehow have to connect my project in Google API console to my analytics project? How would I do this? Or is there some other reason why I get 403 Insufficient Permission back?\nI am doing this in Python with Django and I have Analytics API turned on i my API console!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5740,"Q_Id":23128964,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You  should use View ID Not account ID, the 'View ID', you can go:\nAdmin -> Select Site -> Under \"View\" -> View Settings , if it doesn't works\nyou can go: Admin->Profiles->Profile Settings","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,django,python-2.7,google-analytics-api,http-status-code-403","A_Id":29837598,"CreationDate":"2014-04-17T09:07:00.000","Title":"Google Analytics reports API - Insufficient Permission 403","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to access data from google-analytics. I am following the guide and is able to gauthorize my user and get the code from oauth. \nWhen I try to access data from GA I only get 403 Insufficient Permission back. Do I somehow have to connect my project in Google API console to my analytics project? How would I do this? Or is there some other reason why I get 403 Insufficient Permission back?\nI am doing this in Python with Django and I have Analytics API turned on i my API console!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5740,"Q_Id":23128964,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"Had the same problem, but now is solved.\nUse View ID Not account ID, the 'View ID', can be found in the Admin->Profiles->Profile Settings tab\nUPDATE\nnow, if you have more a account , you must go:   Admin -> Select account -> under View-> click on View Settings","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,django,python-2.7,google-analytics-api,http-status-code-403","A_Id":24274077,"CreationDate":"2014-04-17T09:07:00.000","Title":"Google Analytics reports API - Insufficient Permission 403","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Python 3.4 on a Linux PC. I have written a program to access ftp page using ftplib module and download a file from it on my pc. \nI want to know the total network data transfer (including both sent and received) that happened in this process? \nHow should I go about it?\nAny leads will be helpful.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":47,"Q_Id":23130855,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use wireshark, you have to setup a filter for ftp (filter like: port ftp). Then\nstart sniffing the transfer traffic. When the transfer is done you can see the\ncaptured packets in the main window. You have to right click on the first ftp packet\nand then select \"Follow TCP stream\". Then you should be able to view all your transfered\nbytes and such. This works also with tcpdump and such but it is commandline only. \nKind regards,\nDirk","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,ftplib","A_Id":23132117,"CreationDate":"2014-04-17T10:36:00.000","Title":"Get data transfered in Python Modules","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using asynchronous socket API in C#. In the client side, I need a buffer to store the binary data read from the server. And other client logic will check the buffer, unpack the head to see the length, if the length is less than that indicated by the header, continue. And next time we check the buffer again. For the network logic, I need to maintain this buffer, and I want to know what data type should I use.\nIn python we use a string as a buffer, but I don't think this is gonna work in C#. Inefficient, Encoding problem (I need to parse the binary data my own, not necessarily to a string), Frequently changed. What about stringbuilder? Any other suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":116,"Q_Id":23146345,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I would use byte[]. It will get the job done.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c#,python,sockets,io","A_Id":23146561,"CreationDate":"2014-04-18T02:06:00.000","Title":"What data type is good for a IO buffer in C#","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to implement a secure google cloud endpoint in python for multi-clients (js \/ ios \/ android)\nI want my users to be able to log by three ways loginForm \/ Google \/ Facebook.\nI read a lot of docummentation about that but I didn't realy understood how I have to handle connection flow and session (or something else) to keep my users logged.\nI'm also looking for a way to debug my endpoint by displaying objects like Request for exemple.\nIf someone know a good tutorial talking about that, it will be verry helpfull.\nthank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":23154120,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For request details, add 'HttpServletRequest' (java) to your API function parameter.\nFor Google authentication, add 'User' (java) to your API function parameter and integrate with Google login on client.\nFor twitter integration, use Google app-engine OpenID.\nFor facebook\/loginForm, its all on you to develop a custom auth.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,facebook,google-app-engine,authentication,google-cloud-endpoints","A_Id":23223929,"CreationDate":"2014-04-18T12:26:00.000","Title":"google endpoint custom auth python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to have all the text visible from a website, after the HTML is rendered. I'm working in Python with Scrapy framework.\nWith xpath('\/\/body\/\/text()') I'm able to get it, but with the HTML tags, and I only want the text. Any solution for this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":27552,"Q_Id":23156780,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The xpath('\/\/body\/\/text()') doesn't always drive dipper into the nodes in your last used tag(in your case body.) If you type xpath('\/\/body\/node()\/text()').extract() you will see the nodes which are in you html body. You can try xpath('\/\/body\/descendant::text()').","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,html,xpath,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":50809934,"CreationDate":"2014-04-18T15:03:00.000","Title":"How can I get all the plain text from a website with Scrapy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running python 2.7 + bottle on cygwin and I wanted to access a sample webpage from chrome.\nI am unable to access the website running on http:\/\/localhost:8080\/hello but when I do a curl within cygwin I am able to access it.\nError Message when accessing through Chrome\nConnection refused\nDescription: Connection refused\nPlease let me know how I can access my local bottle website running inside Cygwin from windows  browser.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1043,"Q_Id":23191241,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Since you get a connection refused error, the best I can think of is that this is a browser issue. Try editing the LAN settings on your Chrome browser to bypass proxy server for local address.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,cygwin,bottle","A_Id":23191551,"CreationDate":"2014-04-21T05:16:00.000","Title":"Accessing localhost from windows browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I make an HTTPS request using the aiohttp library with asyncio and Python 3.4 in Windows 7, the request fails with a NotImplementedError in the _make_ssl_transport function in base_events.py as shown in the traceback.\nOn Windows, I use the ProactorEventLoop. I think you have to use that one to get asyncio to work. I tried the same request in a Debian 7 VM with a compiled version of Python 3.4, and the same request works. I don't use the ProactorEventLoop in Debian, just the default though.\nAny ideas or workarounds? Or, should I give up with aiohttp HTTPS on Windows for now? I am not able to use Linux for this project, needs to be on Windows.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1453,"Q_Id":23203874,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As jfs and OP observe,\n\nProactorEventLoop is incompatible with SSL, and\nThe default loop supports SSL on Windows. By extension aiohttp should also work with https on Windows.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,windows,python-3.x,python-asyncio","A_Id":48090576,"CreationDate":"2014-04-21T18:54:00.000","Title":"Does the aiohttp Python library in Windows support HTTPS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to create a single connection object to be used for different aws services ?\nEach time a connection is made its a new api call so i believe it would save some time if a connection once created can be reused.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":120,"Q_Id":23210636,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Although it might be possible to use a single connection for multiple services, that's not how boto is written and as the comment above states, I doubt very much that it would improve your performance.  I would recommend that you create a single connection per service and keep reusing that connection.  Boto caches connections and will also handle any reconnection that might be required if you don't use the connection for a while or encounter some error.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto","A_Id":23243516,"CreationDate":"2014-04-22T04:52:00.000","Title":"Single boto connection object for different aws services","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to send the commands using python socket.\nI have to send 'ctrl+a' key stroke, first.\nTypically, I connect using telnet and type 'ctrl+a' then type the enter.\nIn terminal 'ctrl+a' looked as '^A'.\nSo I tried to send using python send function like below.\ns.send('^A')\nBut it didn't work.\nIt looked as '^A' on the terminal but it doesn't feel like the text.\nI need to send real 'ctrl+a' message.\nHow can I do that?\nPlease advice.\nThank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.6640367703,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1291,"Q_Id":23211180,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"s.send('\\x01') (Python2); s.send(b'\\x01') (Python3).\nCtrl+A is control character with numeric value 1.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":23211267,"CreationDate":"2014-04-22T05:35:00.000","Title":"send ctrl+a message on python socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a couple of gigantic XML files (10GB-40GB) that have a very simple structure: just a single root node containing multiple row nodes. I'm trying to parse them using SAX in Python, but the extra processing I have to do for each row means that the 40GB file takes an entire day to complete. To speed things up, I'd like to use all my cores simultaneously. Unfortunately, it seems that the SAX parser can't deal with \"malformed\" chunks of XML, which is what you get when you seek to an arbitrary line in the file and try parsing from there. Since the SAX parser can accept a stream, I think I need to divide my XML file into eight different streams, each containing [number of rows]\/8 rows and padded with fake opening and closing tags. How would I go about doing this? Or \u2014 is there a better solution that I might be missing? Thank you!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1062,"Q_Id":23214773,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can't easily split the SAX parsing into multiple threads, and you don't need to: if you just run the parse without any other processing, it should run in 20 minutes or so. Focus on the processing you do to the data in your ContentHandler.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,parsing,concurrency,sax","A_Id":23223638,"CreationDate":"2014-04-22T08:50:00.000","Title":"Concurrent SAX processing of large, simple XML files?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running selenium webdriver (firefox) using python on a headless server.  I am using pyvirtualdisplay to start and stop the Xvnc display to grab the image of the sites I am visiting.  This is working great except flash content is not loading on the pages (I can tell because I am taking screenshots of the pages and I just see empty space where flash content should be on the screenshots).\nWhen I run the same program on my local unix machine, the flash content loads just fine.  I have installed flash on my server, and have libflashplayer.so in \/usr\/lib\/mozilla\/plugins.  The only difference seems to be that I am using the Xvnc display on the server (unless plash wasn't installed properly?  but I believe it was since I used to get a message asking me to install flash when I viewed a site that had flash content but since installing flash I dont get that message anymore).\nDoes anyone have any ideas or experience with this- is there a trick to getting flash to load using a firefox webdriver on a headless server?  Thanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":574,"Q_Id":23227680,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It turns out, I needed to use selenium to scroll down the page to load all the content.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,flash","A_Id":23436481,"CreationDate":"2014-04-22T18:41:00.000","Title":"Flash content not loading using headless selenium on server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"When I logon to my company's computer with the AD username\/password, I find that my Outlook will launch successfully. That means the AD authentication has passed.\nIn my opinion, outlook retrieves the AD user information, then sends it to an LDAP server to verify.\nBut I don't know how it retrieves the information, or by some other methods?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":104,"Q_Id":23262767,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You are right, there is an ongoing communication between your workstation and the Active Directory server, which can use LDAP protocol.\nSince I don't know what you tried so far, I suggest that you look into the python module python-ldap. I have used it in the past to connect, query and modify information on Active-Directory servers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ldap","A_Id":23263099,"CreationDate":"2014-04-24T07:41:00.000","Title":"How does auto-login Outlook successfully when in AD environment?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing up some Selenium tests for my site, and I'd like to test the date\/timepickers I have, primarily to make sure that the code I put in to prevent users from putting in dates out of order works. \nHowever, I've realized that the tests I have won't work the way I want them to if it's close to midnight, as the times I'm passing in will wrap to the next day, and be earlier than the current time rather than later, or vice versa.\nIs it possible to run these tests as if it were a specific date\/time?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":304,"Q_Id":23271792,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want to keep the date\/time constant for the purpose of your tests, you can just hardcode the date\/time and passing it to the methods you want to test. If \"hardcoding a date\" doesn't feel right you could hardcode the specific sequence of actions that a browser might go through, to pick a particular date that happens to be static.\nAfter all, you are testing whether your method correctly determines whether a date is before or after another date; how the input is provided is not relevant.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,date,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":23276624,"CreationDate":"2014-04-24T14:26:00.000","Title":"Selenium tests using static date","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How do I determine which type of account a person has when using the permissions api? I need to make a different decision if they have a pro account versus a standard business account. Thanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":124,"Q_Id":23306296,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm not aware of any way to see that via the API.  That's typically something you'd leave up to the end-user to know when they're signing up.  Ask them if they have Pro or not, and based on that, setup your permissions request accordingly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,paypal","A_Id":23308018,"CreationDate":"2014-04-26T03:29:00.000","Title":"PayPal Classic APIs determine account type","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to write my own proxy extensions. Both, burp suite as well as mitmproxy allows us to write extensions. \nTill now, I am successful with intercepting the request and response headers, and write it to my own output file.\nThe problem is, I get frequent requests and responses at anonymous time and at the same time, the output is getting written in the file. \nHow should I identify that which response belongs to which particular request ?? \nIf we see in burp suite, when we click on particulat URL in target, we see two different tabs- \"Request\" and \"Response\". How is burp suite identifying this ? \nSimilar is the case with mitmproxy. \nI am new to proxy extensions, so any help would be great. \n----EDIT----\nIf any additional information is required then pls let me know.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":175,"Q_Id":23306361,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In mitmproxy 0.10, a flow object is passed to the response handler function. You can access both flow.request and flow.response.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy","A_Id":23442148,"CreationDate":"2014-04-26T03:40:00.000","Title":"how to identify http response belongs to which particular request through python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to analyse a social network (basically, friends of a facebook user) with python. My main goal is to detect the social circles of the network. So far i tried to use networkx, but I couldn't understand how it can detect communities. Is there a way, with netowrkx or with another package, to solve this problem? thank you!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":474,"Q_Id":23317710,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Recommend to use igraph which has many community detection algorithms.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook,social-networking,networkx","A_Id":23737732,"CreationDate":"2014-04-26T23:41:00.000","Title":"Detecting communities on a social network with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a directory of images that I'd like to transfer to Google drive via a python script. \nWhat's a good way to upload (recursively) a directory of images to Google drive while preserving the original directory structure? Would there be any benefit to making this multithreaded? And if so, how would that work?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":738,"Q_Id":23324690,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would do this in two passes. Start by scanning the folder hierarchy, and then recreate the folders on drive. Update your in-memory folder model with the Drive folder ids. Then scan your files, uploading each one with appropriate parent id.\nOnly make it multithreaded if each thread will have a unique client id. Otherwise you will end up triggering the rate limit bug in Drive. If you have a large number of files, buy the boxed set of Game Of Thrones.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-drive-api","A_Id":23331227,"CreationDate":"2014-04-27T14:35:00.000","Title":"Best way to upload a directory of images to Google drive in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to calculate a digest (checksum) from the request body (e.g. raw POST data) that is being sent via QNetworkRequest and include a digest signature in the request header.\nHow could I do this before sending the request (so the signature can be included in the header) ?\nThis is trivial when I'm using a byte array as the request body, but what if I have a QHttpMultiPart object ?\nBasically something like QHttpMultiPart.toString().","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":531,"Q_Id":23366161,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As of now, the only way seems to be to assemble the MIME multi-part body oneself, produce a digest of it and pass that byte data to QNetworkAccessManager sending method.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,qt,pyqt,pyqt4","A_Id":23383069,"CreationDate":"2014-04-29T13:31:00.000","Title":"How to access request body of QNetworkRequest with QHttpMultiPart?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to start the conversation in blocking mode and later switch to non-blocking.\nIs that a stupid idea?\nThe python docs are kind of ambiguous about it, there it says:\n\n... You do this [setblocking(0)] after creating the socket, but before using it. (Actually, if you\u2019re nuts, you can switch back and forth.)\n\nI read this as 'please don't do that', so I was wondering if there are reasons as to why it is discouraged.\nIs there some kind of undefined behavior, what problems could I run into?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":243,"Q_Id":23383615,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes you can do this, but mostly people do multiple blocking sockets with threads or multiple non-blocking sockets with event loops. But it should be no problem in switching in-between, as long as you don't switch between buffered and unbuffered I\/O.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":23384465,"CreationDate":"2014-04-30T08:47:00.000","Title":"switching between blocking and nonblocking on a python socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to start the conversation in blocking mode and later switch to non-blocking.\nIs that a stupid idea?\nThe python docs are kind of ambiguous about it, there it says:\n\n... You do this [setblocking(0)] after creating the socket, but before using it. (Actually, if you\u2019re nuts, you can switch back and forth.)\n\nI read this as 'please don't do that', so I was wondering if there are reasons as to why it is discouraged.\nIs there some kind of undefined behavior, what problems could I run into?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":243,"Q_Id":23383615,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"blocking and nonblocking socket are different programming model.\nswitching between them will make your program too complicated.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":23384627,"CreationDate":"2014-04-30T08:47:00.000","Title":"switching between blocking and nonblocking on a python socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Selenium (python bindings, with Django) for automated web app testing.  My page has a form with a button, and the button has a .click() handler that captures the click (i.e. the form is not immediately submitted).  The handler runs function2(), and when function2() is done, it submits the form. \nIn my test with Selenium, I fill in the form, then click the Submit button.  I want to verify that the form is eventually submitted (resulting in a POST request).  The form POSTs and then redirects with GET to the same url, so I can't check for a new url.  I think I need to check that the POST request occurs.  How do I check for successful form submission?\nAlternatively I could check at the database level to see that some new object is created, but that would make for a bad \"unit\" test.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2251,"Q_Id":23397090,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I guess it depends on how deep down the rabbit hole you want to go. \nIf you're building a test for the functional side from the user's perspective, and your GET action results in changes on the webpage, then trigger the submit with selenium, then wait for the changes to propagate to the webpage (like waiting for one\/more elements to change value or waiting for an element to appear)\nIf you want to build an unit test, then all you should be testing is the ability to Submit the data, not also the ability of the javascript code to do a POST request, then a GET then display the data.\nIf you want to build an integration test, then you will need to check that each individual action in the sequence you described is performed correctly in whatever scenario you deem appropriate and then check that the total result of those actions is as expected. The tricky part will be chaining all those checks together.\nIf you want to build an end to end test, then you need to check for all of the above, plus changes to any permanent storage locations that the code you test changes (like databases or in-memory structures) plus whatever stress\/security\/usability\/performance checks your software needs to pass in your specific context.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,django,forms,selenium","A_Id":45631061,"CreationDate":"2014-04-30T20:04:00.000","Title":"How to detect POST after form submit in Selenium python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Drag and drop feature is not working in test framework. It is working for last 6 months and all of a sudden this feature alone of Selenium is not working.\nPreviously my selenium version 2.33 and upgraded to latest 2.41.0. Still it is not working\nAll other actions say double click, filling text box etc are working fine.\nI am not getting any error from selenium that drag and drop is failing but the object is not seen in the target.\nI increased implicit time, and also inserted explicit sleep but it is not working.\nfirefox version is 16.\nDid anyone faced similar issue?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":291,"Q_Id":23422259,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is drag and drop working manually when you open page in firefox? It may happen page has changed.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,firefox,drag-and-drop,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":23422482,"CreationDate":"2014-05-02T06:40:00.000","Title":"Python Selenium Webdriver: Drag and drop failing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using scrapy to scrape reviews about books from a site. Till now i have made a crawler and scraped comments of a single book by giving its url as starting url by myself and i even had to give tags of comments about that book by myself after finding it from page's source code. Ant it worked. But the problem is that  till now the work i've done manually i want it to be done automatically. i.e. I want some way that crawler should  be able to find book's page in the website and scrape its comments. I am extracting comments from goodreads and it doesn't provide a uniform method for url's or even tags are also different for different books. Plus i don't want to use Api. I want to do all work by myself. Any help would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":514,"Q_Id":23423582,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"HtmlAgilityPack helped me in parsing and reading Xpath for the reviews. It worked :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":37941838,"CreationDate":"2014-05-02T08:11:00.000","Title":"Comments scraping without using Api","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to get CherryPy to respond to a url that includes a period, such as http:\/\/some\/base\/path\/oldscript.py ? I have a number of old CGI scripts that were called like that, and I'm trying to roll them into a nice pretty CherryPy web app - but I don't want to break all the bookmarks and the like that still point to the CGI scripts. Ideally the same method would respond to the url regardless of if it has a .py or not.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":450,"Q_Id":23436414,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Turns out using an _ in the method definition works as a dot\/period. This does mean I have to have two function definitions if I want to be able to call it either with or without the .py, but since I can easily call the one function from the other, this is a minor quibble.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,url,cherrypy","A_Id":23436508,"CreationDate":"2014-05-02T20:28:00.000","Title":"cherrypy: respond to url that includes a dot?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way beyond catching exceptions(HTTPError,URLError), to check if access to a url is permitted.\nI have to constantly(every 30 secs) ping a url (using urllib2.open)(which might or might not be valid).\nAnd throwing and catching exceptions each time seems excessive. I couldn't find anything in the documentation.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":121,"Q_Id":23437084,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There's nothing wrong with using try\/except.  That's the way to do such things in python.\n\nit's easier to ask forgiveness than permission","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":23437205,"CreationDate":"2014-05-02T21:16:00.000","Title":"Python: Checking if you can connect to a given url (urllib2)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a ZMQ server listening on port 12345 TCP. When another server connects on that port locally or via VM it works fine, but if I try from a remote server that has to go through port forwarding on my Fios firewall it just bombs. The packets are showing up in Wireshark but ZMQ just ignores them. Is there anyway to get past this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":144,"Q_Id":23453650,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You shouldn't be able to bind more than once to the same port number, either from the same process or another.\nZMQ should give a failure when you issue bind with a port number already in use.  Are you checking return codes?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,zeromq","A_Id":23468773,"CreationDate":"2014-05-04T07:16:00.000","Title":"Incoming ZeroMQ traffic dropped by server due to NAT?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have built a program for summarization that utilizes a parser to parse from multiple websites at a time. I extract only <p> in each article. \nThis throws out a lot of random content that is unrelated to the article. I've seen several people who can parse any article perfectly. How can i do it? I am using Beautiful Soup","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":917,"Q_Id":23454496,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your solution is really going to be specific to each website page you want to scrape, so, without knowing the websites of interest, the only thing I could really suggest would be to inspect the page source of each page you want to scrape and look if the article is contained in some html element with a specific attribute (either a unique class, id, or even summary attribute) and then use beautiful soup to get the inner html text from that element","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,parsing,html-parsing,beautifulsoup","A_Id":23464291,"CreationDate":"2014-05-04T09:13:00.000","Title":"Parsing multiple News articles","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working on a game that allows you to add other users as your friend. The game is in Flash AS2 and the server is Python. \nI'm currently hoping to make it so the game sends an HTTP request to an API server that will then verify everything, such as if they're already friends, if they can be friends, etc, and then if everything's okay, I'd then insert the request into a request able. Anyway, if the user is currently online, I would like to send the user a notification through the server. \nThe only way I could see this happening is if I opened up a socket connection through the add friend script and then sent a special packet letting the server know that it needs to send the notification. Right now that seems like it would take a while to do and not so efficient if a lot of users used it daily.\nHow would I best approach this and is there any other efficient ways?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":23507196,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've decided it would be better if I still do the HTTP request, but depending on what the request returned, I could have the client send a packet to the server telling it to give the specific user a notification.\nFor example, if I tried adding user ID #323095643, I send the HTTP request and everything turns out okay and I get an OK response, the flash client sends a packet to the server basically saying \"Hey, give user ID #323095643 a notification saying '_ wants you to be their friend'\" and it sends it to that user.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,sockets","A_Id":23507273,"CreationDate":"2014-05-07T01:25:00.000","Title":"Communicating to Socket Server From External Script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to make my spider start every three hours.\nI have a scrapy confinguration file located in c:\/scrapyd folder.\nI changed the poll_interval to 100\nthe spider works, but it didn't repeat each 100 seconds.\nhow to do that please?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":215,"Q_Id":23526579,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Maybe you should do a cron job that executes every three hours and performs a curl call to Scrapyd to schedule the job.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scrapy,scrapyd","A_Id":24659705,"CreationDate":"2014-05-07T19:25:00.000","Title":"scrapyd pool_intervel to scheduler a spider","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I had built a python udp hole puncher using raw socket and I wonder whether is there a service, or an option to use an external server, on the web(like dedicated server) that will host and run this program.\nopenshift was something i considered but it  did not work because it uses apache is a proxy and therefore its impossible to use raw sockets for connection.\nI prefer a free solution\nthanks a lot","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":287,"Q_Id":23548149,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"That will not work on OpenShift, we only offer two kinds of external ports for use, http\/https and ws\/wss","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp,ip,openshift","A_Id":23548201,"CreationDate":"2014-05-08T17:03:00.000","Title":"Server host for python raw sockets use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically I need a tool (preferably for linux) for getting some data from webpage, opening some others, filling form on them, closing windows and clicking on some buttons.\nWhat would be the tool for doing this in whole? Some scripting language like Perl or Python can do it for me?\nThis is maybe difficult so give me the way that is most user friendly. :-)\nI am not familiar with Perl or Python, but I am strong in my will to make it work because it is important to me. Notify that I can't do anything on the server, so everything that needs to be done is from clientside\/web browser.\n\nopen webpage\non that page click on the link to open webpage in new window\non new page click on two radio buttons and submit\nclose that window and return to previous\nextract part of the text from  tag that follows text \"IP Address: \" to the end of the line and save it to the variable\nextract part of the text from  tag that follows text \"Timestamp: \" to the end of the line and save it to the variable\nextract part of the text from  tag that follows text \"File Name: \" to the end of the line and save it to the variable (these three are similar to make)\nopen URL in the new window\nfill in the form with the data that is extracted from the previous page and submit\nif there is \"answer\"(result is table) from the form do \"procedure1\"(copy entire table with result and concat its cells, close window and return to previous, again click some buttons\/links on that page etc.....)\nif there is \"no answer\"(empty table) from the form do \"precedure2\"(opening new window, filling form with data in variables, clicking some buttons and closing that window) than proceed to \"procedure1\"\n\nThank you all for helping me.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":135,"Q_Id":23590683,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Short answer: In Python, you can use mechanize together with BeautifulSoup to achieve what you want. Try it and figure out from the docs of these packages how to use them, then come back here with specific questions when things don't work.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,perl","A_Id":23590735,"CreationDate":"2014-05-11T08:48:00.000","Title":"Some scriping language for my task?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to use Python Selenium to click a button on a webpage, but Selenium is giving exception \"Element is not currently visible and so may not be interacted with\".\nThe DOM structure is quite simple:\n<body style=\"overflow: hidden;\">\n...\n    <div aria-hidden=\"false\" style=\"display: block; ...\">\n        ...\n        <button id=\"button-aaa\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"...\">\n        ...\n    <\/div>\n...\n<\/body>\nI have searched Google and Stackoverflow. Some users say Selenium cannot click a web element which is under a parent node with overflow: hidden. But surprisingly, I found that Selenium is able to click some other buttons which are also under a parent node with overflow: hidden.\nAnyway, I have tried to use driver.execute_script to change the <body> style to overflow: none, but Selenium is still unable to click this button.\nI have also tried to change the button's aria-hidden=\"true\" to aria-hidden=\"false\", but Selenium still failed to click.\nI have also tried to add \"display: block;\" to the button's style, and tried all different combination of style changes, but Selenium still failed to click.\nI have used this commands to check the button: buttonelement.is_displayed(). It always returns False no matter what style I change in the DOM. The button is clearly visually visible in the Firefox browser, and it is clickable and functioning. By using the Chrome console, I am able to select the button using ID.\nMay I know how can I check what is causing a web element to be invisible to Python Selenium?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1022,"Q_Id":23613260,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Overflow takes only one of five values (overflow: auto | hidden | scroll | visible | inherit). Use visible","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,css,selenium","A_Id":23649576,"CreationDate":"2014-05-12T15:37:00.000","Title":"How to check what is causing a web element to be invisible to Python Selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a project that needs to parse a very big XML file (about 10GB). Because process time is really long (about days), It's possible that my code exit in the middle of the process; so I want to save my code's status once in a while and then be able to restart it from last save point.\nIs there a way to start (restart) a SAX parser not from the beginning of a XML file?\nP.S: I'm programming using Python, but solutions for Java and C++ are also acceptable.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":162,"Q_Id":23627989,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Not really sure if this answers your question, but I would take a different approach. 10GB is not THAT much data, so you could implement a two-phase parsing.\nPhase 1 would be to split the file in smaller chunks based on some tag, so you end up with more smaller files. For example if your first file is A.xml, you split it to A_0.xml, A_1.xml etc. \nPhase 2 would do the real heavy lifting on each chuck, so you invoke it on A_0.xml, then after that on A_1.xml etc. You could then restart on a chunk after your code has exitted.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,c++,xml,sax","A_Id":23628074,"CreationDate":"2014-05-13T09:51:00.000","Title":"restart SAX parser from the middle of the document","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a REST API and now I want to create a web site that will use this API as only and primary datasource. The system is distributed: REST API is on one group of machines and the site will be on the other(s).\nI'm expecting to have quite a lot of load, so I'd like to make requests as efficient, as possible.\nDo I need some async HTTP requests library or any HTTP client library will work?\nAPI is done using Flask, web site will be also built using Flask and Jinja as template engine.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3037,"Q_Id":23657718,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Start simple and use the way, which seems to be easy to use for you. Consider optimization to be done later on only if needed.\nUse of async libraries would come into play as helpful if you would have thousands of request a second. Much sooner you are likely to have performance problems related to database (if you use it), which is not to be resolved by async magic.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rest","A_Id":23657898,"CreationDate":"2014-05-14T14:35:00.000","Title":"Consume REST API from Python: do I need an async library?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In mechanize we click links either by using follow_link or click_link. Is there a similar kind of thing in beautiful soup to click a link on a web page?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52594,"Q_Id":23679480,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"print(soup.find('h1',class_='pdp_product_title'))\ndoes not give any result\n<div class=\"pr2-sm css-1ou6bb2\"><h2 class=\"headline-5-small pb1-sm d-sm-ib css-1ppcdci\" data-test=\"product-sub-title\">Women's Shoe<\/h2><h1 id=\"pdp_product_title\" class=\"headline-2 css-zis9ta\" data-test=\"product-title\">Nike Air Force 1 Shadow<\/h1><\/div>","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup","A_Id":65200203,"CreationDate":"2014-05-15T13:19:00.000","Title":"Clicking link using beautifulsoup in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a project where the goal is to have a user double click on an xml file, which is sent to my python script to work with. What is the best way to do accomplish something like this? Can this even be done programmatically or is this some kind of system preference I have to modify? How can my program retrieve the file that was double clicked on (at least the name).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":301,"Q_Id":23687183,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This problem is a bit underspecified.\nSay, you're on some Windows: You could assign the correct python invocation as default open action to the .xml file type, but this would then apply to all .xml files. And you might need elevated access rights to perform the change.\nOn Linux, you'd have to deal with various ways of desktop environments ... and then I'd open an issue because it does not work with xfe running under awesome on my box here.\nIn short: Solve this problem by avoiding it.\nCan you make do with \"drag this file onto the application icon\"?\nCan you make the .xml files appear in a dedicated place and have a background task check for new ones?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":23687339,"CreationDate":"2014-05-15T19:37:00.000","Title":"Execute Python when double clicking a file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I did a research before posting this and the solutions I found didn't work, more precisely:\n-Connecting to my laptop's IPv4 192.168.XXX.XXX - didn't work\n-Conecting to 10.0.2.2 (plus the port) - didn't work\nI need to test an API i built using Django Rest framework so I can get the json it returns, but i cant access through an Android app i'm building (I'm testing with a real device, not an emulator). Internet permissions are set on Manifest and i can access remote websites normally. Just can't reach my laptop's localhost(they are in the same network)\nI'm pretty new to Android and Python and Django as well (used to built Django's Rest Framework API).\nEDIT: I use localhost:8000\/snippets.json or smth like this to connect on my laptop.\nPS: I read something about XAMP server... do I need it in this case?\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2908,"Q_Id":23716724,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I tried the above, but failed to work in my case. Then with running\npython manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 I also had to add my IP to ALLOWED_HOSTS in settings.py, which solved this issue.\neg.\nAdd your ip to allowed hosts in settings.py\n ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['192.168.XXX.XXX']\nThen run the server\npython manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"android,python,django,localhost,django-rest-framework","A_Id":47569447,"CreationDate":"2014-05-17T22:31:00.000","Title":"Can't access my laptop's localhost through an Android app","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'd like to know if is it possible to browse all links in a site (including the parent links and sublinks) using python selenium (example: yahoo.com), \n\n fetch all links in the homepage, \n  open each one of them \n  open all the links in the sublinks to three four levels.\n\nI'm using selenium on python.\nThanks \nAla'a","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":446,"Q_Id":23717539,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Sure it is possible, but you have to instruct selenium to enter these links one by one as you are working within one browser.\nIn case, the pages are not having the links rendered by JavaScript in the browser, it would be much more efficient to fetch these pages by direct http request and process it this way. In this case I would recommend using requests. However, even with requests it is up to your code to locate all urls in the page and follow up with fetching those pages.\nThere might be also other Python packages, which are specialized on this kind of task, but here I cannot serve with real experience.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":23717600,"CreationDate":"2014-05-18T00:48:00.000","Title":"Browse links recursively using selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a socket based \"python cmd like\" server module which can support cli interactive functions such as autocompletion or command history, by doing that a simple \"telnet\" or \"nc\" client side may able to connect to server to read\/set something on server side.\nafter searching, there are a lot of modules can do \"cmd\" part such like python standard module \"cmd\" or \"ipython\" or even vty simulator, however, I cannot find a module can actually bind to socket directly to detect keystrokes such as \"tab\" key or \"control+c\" client side. Most of them just able to process line(s) read, which not suitable for autocompletion with tab press or command history with up\/down press. \nI think this question can be simplify to:\nIs that possible to read socket keystroke input non-blocking, then process this key input value somehow server side - for example ASCII code + 1, then echo back to socket to show in client side?\nThank you for your help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1014,"Q_Id":23718920,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What you want is not possible. As you say, you want to write a socket based cmd like server. The server will open a socket and listen for data from the client. Now it is possible to read socket input character by character (which is not the same as non-blocking BTW), but that will not help you. \nIt is up to the client program to decide how and when to send the data. So if the client side program decides to \"eat\" tab and control characters, then you will simply not see them. So if you want to process keystrokes one by one, you will also need a client application.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,interactive,keystroke","A_Id":23719308,"CreationDate":"2014-05-18T05:42:00.000","Title":"How to handle keystroke in python socket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This is my first StackOverflow post so please bear with me.\nWhat I'm trying to accomplish is a simple program written in python which will change all of a certain html tag's content (ex. all <h1> or all <p> tags) to something else. This should be done on an existing web page which is currently open in a web browser. \nIn other words, I want to be able to automate the inspect element function in a browser which will then let me change elements however I wish. I know these changes will just be on my side, but that will serve my larger purpose.\nI looked at Beautiful Soup and couldn't find anything in the documentation which will let me change the website as seen in a browser. If someone could point me in the right direction, I would be greatly appreciative!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2023,"Q_Id":23790052,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What you are talking about seems to be much more of the job of a browser extension. Javascript will be much more appropriate, as @brbcoding said. Beautiful Soup is for scraping web pages, not for modifying them on the client side in a browser. To be honest, I don't think you can use Python for that.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":23790111,"CreationDate":"2014-05-21T17:25:00.000","Title":"Change website text with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to parse a website which contains a list of people and their information, The problem is that the website using ajax loads new and new information as I scroll down the website.\nI need information of ALL the people. \nurllib.open(..).read() does not take care of the scroll down. Can you please suggest me a way to parse all the data.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":62,"Q_Id":23831048,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use \"Network\" panel of chrome's devTool to figure out what is the path that the ajax requests to. \nThen use python script to fetch the content with the path.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"jquery,python,ajax","A_Id":23831288,"CreationDate":"2014-05-23T13:50:00.000","Title":"python program to read a ajax website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using PyBrain in a project over Windows 7 and I've had not problem with this library until I had to write the trained network to a XML file. \nI tried this \"from pybrain.tools.xml.networkwriter import NetworkWriter\" but I got an importation error. \nCan anyone tell me if there's a requirement to get this job done? \nI tried installing the library called \"lxml\", because I have it installed on my linux pc, but it doesn't seem to work along side with pybrain.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":120,"Q_Id":23878984,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"PyBrain declares in it's setup.py only one required package scipy.\nScipy is a bit complex stuff and it is best installed from binaries (at least on Windows). So if you manage installing scipy, you shall make PyBrain running.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,pybrain","A_Id":23879122,"CreationDate":"2014-05-26T23:32:00.000","Title":"Which XML library is used for PyBrain?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing an app to retrieve and store files to dropbox using oauth2 protocol. Is there any way to use dropbox core api to send invites to share a folder in Python ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":139,"Q_Id":23894089,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No, the Dropbox API currently doesn't expose any way to send shared folder invites. But a shared folder API is being worked on.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oauth-2.0,dropbox-api","A_Id":23894424,"CreationDate":"2014-05-27T16:06:00.000","Title":"Is there any way to use dropbox core api to send invites to share a folder in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to teach myself a concept by writing a script.  Basically, I'm trying to write a Python script that, given a few keywords, will crawl web pages until it finds the data I need.  For example, say I want to find a list of venemous snakes that live in the US.  I might run my script with the keywords list,venemous,snakes,US, and I want to be able to trust with at least 80% certainty that it will return a list of snakes in the US.\nI already know how to implement the web spider part, I just want to learn how I can determine a web page's relevancy without knowing a single thing about the page's structure.  I have researched web scraping techniques but they all seem to assume knowledge of the page's html tag structure.  Is there a certain algorithm out there that would allow me to pull data from the page and determine its relevancy?\nAny pointers would be greatly appreciated.  I am using Python with urllib and BeautifulSoup.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3298,"Q_Id":23921986,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You're basically asking \"how do I write a search engine.\"  This is... not trivial.\nThe right way to do this is to just use Google's (or Bing's, or Yahoo!'s, or...) search API and show the top n results.  But if you're just working on a personal project to teach yourself some concepts (not sure which ones those would be exactly though), then here are a few suggestions:\n\nsearch the text content of the appropriate tags (<p>, <div>, and so forth) for relevant keywords (duh)\nuse the relevant keywords to check for the presence of tags that might contain what you're looking for.  For example, if you're looking for a list of things, then a page containing <ul> or <ol> or even <table> might be a good candidate\nbuild a synonym dictionary and search each page for synonyms of your keywords too.  Limiting yourself to \"US\" might mean an artificially low ranking for a page containing just \"America\"\nkeep a list of words which are not in your set of keywords and give a higher ranking to pages which contain the most of them.  These pages are (arguably) more likely to contain the answer you're looking for\n\ngood luck (you'll need it)!","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup,web-crawler","A_Id":23922228,"CreationDate":"2014-05-28T21:13:00.000","Title":"Web scraping without knowledge of page structure","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've created a test that click on an element X.\nThis element is only revealed after you click on another button,\nand those elements are connected with ng-hide.\nWhen i try to run my code the click on X element doesn't work.\nHowever, in debug mode or after adding 1 second sleep, it does.  \nI'm using selenium framework in python, with a remote webdriver with ImplicitlyWait of 10 sec.\nDoes someone knows the reason for this behavior?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2065,"Q_Id":23998359,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As said by @Siking, this is clearly a timing issue.\nThe fact is that Selenium is very fast and faster than loading of element.\nSometimes, Selenium requires a pause or a sleep to ensure that an element is present.\nI also recommend -especially for asynchronous requests- using waitForElementPresent to wait until ajax method is finished.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,angularjs,testing,selenium","A_Id":24002478,"CreationDate":"2014-06-02T15:42:00.000","Title":"Selenium click on elements works only in debug mode","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to transfer data via pyzmq through two computers connected by an ethernet cable. I have already set up a script that runs on the same computer correctly, but I need to find the tcp address of the other computer in order to communicate. They both run Ubuntu 14.04. One of them should be a server processing requests while the other sends requests. How do I transfer data over tcp through ethernet? I simply need a way to find the address.\nEDIT: (Clarification) I am running a behavioural study. I have a program called OpenSesame which runs in python and takes python scripts. I need a participant to be able to sit at a computer and be able to ask another person questions (specifically for help in a task). I need a server (using pyzmq preferably) to be connected by ethernet and communicate with that computer. It wrote a script. It works on the same computer, but not over ethernet. I need to find the address","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":223,"Q_Id":24019331,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Maybe you could periodically send datagram message containing peer's ip address (or some other useful information) to broadcast address, to allow other peers to discover it. And after peer's address is dicovered you can estabish connection via ZeroMQ or other kind... connection. :)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-programming,zeromq,ethernet,pyzmq","A_Id":24155570,"CreationDate":"2014-06-03T15:40:00.000","Title":"How can I find the tcp address for another computer to transfer over ethernet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My script logs in to my account, navigates the links it needs to, but I need to download an image. This seems to be easy enough to do using urlretrive. The problem is that the src attribute for the image contains a link which points it to the page which initiates a download prompt, and so my only foreseeable option is to right click and select 'save as'. I'm using mechanize and from what I can tell Mechanize doesn't have this functionality. My question is should I switch to something like Selenium?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":194,"Q_Id":24027928,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would try to watch Chrome's network tab, and try to imitate the final request to get the image. If it turned out to be too difficult, then I would use selenium as you suggested.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,web-scraping,mechanize","A_Id":24027994,"CreationDate":"2014-06-04T02:12:00.000","Title":"Using Mechanize for python, need to be able to right click","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have tried splinter for browser automation. Used firefox webdriver in splinter. But the problem is high CPU usage when the firefox loads and sometimes its hangs the gui. Please suggest me an option. I'm in a Linux box(Ubuntu) and building an app using pygtk.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":260,"Q_Id":24030051,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Selinum with phantomjs should be a good replacement of splinter.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,pygtk,browser-automation","A_Id":24030111,"CreationDate":"2014-06-04T05:57:00.000","Title":"Is there any inbuilt browser for web automation using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am having a problem on handling the pop up windows in robot framework. \nThe process I want to automate is :\nWhen the button is clicked, the popup window appears. When the link from that popup window is clicked, the popup window is closed automatically and go back to the main page. \nWhile the popup window appears, the main page is disabled, and it can be enabled only when the link from the pop up window is clicked.\nThe problem I have here is that I cannot go back to the main page after clicking the link from the popup window. I got the following error.\n20140604 16:04:24.160 :  FAIL : NoSuchWindowException: Message: u'Unable to get browser'\nI hope you guys can help me solve this problem.\nThank you!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1622,"Q_Id":24032359,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I have seen this issue and found that there is a recovery period where Selenium does not work correctly for a short time after closing a window. Try using a fixed delay or poll with Wait Until Keyword Succeeds combined with a keyword from Selenium2Library.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium,selenium-webdriver,robotframework,automated-tests","A_Id":24085441,"CreationDate":"2014-06-04T08:20:00.000","Title":"Going back to the main page after closing the pop up window","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Hy!\nI use google-mail-oauth2-tools but I have a problem:\nWhen I write the verification code the program dead.\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"oauth2.py\", line 346, in <module>\n    main(sys.argv)\n  File \"oauth2.py\", line 315, in main\n    print 'Refresh Token: %s' % response['refresh_token']\nKeyError: 'refresh_token\n\nWhy?\n\nThank you!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":467,"Q_Id":24054363,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You get this keyerror because there is no refresh_token in the response. If you didn't ask for offline access in your request, there will be no refresh token in the response, only an access token, bearer and token expiry.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oauth-2.0,keyerror","A_Id":24058208,"CreationDate":"2014-06-05T07:38:00.000","Title":"google-mail-oauth2-tools KeyError :-\/","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is XML data passed in POST request as a simple string and not inside some name=value pair,\nwith HTTP header (optionally) set to 'Content-Type: text\/xml'.\nHow can I get this data in Python (by its own ways or by tools of Django)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2986,"Q_Id":24061320,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I'm not quite sure what you're asking. Do you just want to know how to access the POST data? You can get that via request.body, which will contain your XML as a string. You can then use your favourite Python XML parser on it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,django,post","A_Id":24061391,"CreationDate":"2014-06-05T13:18:00.000","Title":"How can I get XML data in Python\/Django passed in POST request?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I downloaded the freebase data dump and I want to use it to get information about a query just like how I do it using the web API. How exactly do I do it? I tried using a simple zgrep but the result was a mess and takes too much time. Any graceful way to do it (preferably something that plays nicely with python)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":964,"Q_Id":24069711,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The Freebase dump is in RDF format.  The easiest way to query it is to dump it (or a subset of it) into an RDF store.  It'll be quicker to query, but you'll need to pay the database load time up front first.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,rdf,freebase","A_Id":25625683,"CreationDate":"2014-06-05T20:31:00.000","Title":"How to search freebase data dump","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How do you have two programs communicate when there is a firewall in the way. I would like something sort of like socket, but that doesn't work through firewalls. It is okay if you have to use a 3rd party resource. I am doing this in python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":24110915,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There are 2 possible ways:\n1) UPnP \/ NATPMP \/ PCP - These are protocols implemented by some(most?) routers\n   more likely local networks to allow applications behind a firewall interact\n   in this case you send packets (from both clients) to their respective routers\n   using the protocol mentioned above asking for a port opening, then communicate \n   regulary using sockets.\n2) In some cases NAT traversal is possible - read about STUN servers and the ICE \n   protocol. - This is most common for UDP communication, though sometimes TCP \n   traffic can be also traversed in the network this way - most common tech is\n   UDP hole punching\n3) If none of these apply (say, symmetric NAT on a huge scale network) the only way\n   would be a TURN approach when you relay all data through your publicly accesible\n   server.\nP2P and NAT traversal are common in SIP,Voip and torrents, hence, free libraries\nlike VUZE (torrent open source lib) can be a good place to start digging... :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking","A_Id":24110983,"CreationDate":"2014-06-08T21:16:00.000","Title":"Have programs communicate when there is a firewall?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to create a BASH script, ideally using SED to find and replace value lists in href URL link constructs with HTML sit files, looking-up in a map (old to new values), that have a given URL construct. There are around 25K site files to look through, and the map has around 6,000 entries that I have to search through.\nAll old and new values have 6 digits.\nThe URL construct is:\nOne value:\nHREF=\".*jsp\\?.*N=[0-9]{1,}.*\"\nList of values:\nHREF=\".*\\.jsp\\?.*N=[0-9]{1,}+N=[0-9]{1,}+N=[0-9]{1,}...*\"\nThe list of values are delimited by + PLUS symbol, and the list can be 1 to n values in length.\nI want to ignore a construct such as this:\nHREF=\".*\\.jsp\\?.*N=0.*\"\nIE the list is only N=0\nEffectively I'm only interested in URL's that include one or more values that are in the file map, that are not prepended with CHANGED -- IE the list requires updating.\nPLEASE NOTE: in the above construct examples: .* means any character that isn't a digit; I'm just interested in any 6 digit values in the list of values after N=; so I've trying to isolate the N= list from the rest of the URL construct, and it should be noted that this N= list can appear anywhere within this URL construct.\nInitially, I want to create a script that will create a report of all links that fulfills the above criteria and that have a 6 digital OLD value that's in the map file, with its file path, to get an understanding of links impacted. EG:\n\nFilename    link\nfilea.jsp   \/jsp\/search\/results.jsp?N=204200+731&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Ntk=gensearch&Ntt=\nfilea.jsp   \/jsp\/search\/BROWSE.jsp?Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&N=213890+217867+731&\nfileb.jsp   \/jsp\/search\/results.jsp?N=0+450+207827+213767&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Ntk=gensearch&Ntt=\n\nLastly, I'd like to find and replace all 6 digit numbers, within the URL construct lists, as outlined above, as efficiently as possible (I'd like it to be reasonably fast as there could be around 25K files, with 6K values to look up, with potentially multiple values in the list).\n**PLEASE NOTE:** There is an additional issue I have, when finding and replacing, is that an old value could have been assigned a new value, that's already been used, that may also have to be replaced.\nE.G. If the map file is as below:\n\nMAP-FILE.txt\nOLD     NEW\n214865  218494\n214866  217854\n214867  214868\n214868  218633\n...     ...\n\nand there is a HREF link such as:\n\/jsp\/search\/results.jsp?Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Ntk=gensearch&N=0+450+214867+214868\n214867 changes to 214868 - this would need to be prepended to flag that this value has been changed, and should not be replaced, otherwise what was 214867 would become 218633 as all 214868 would be changed to 218633. Hope this makes sense - I would then need to run through file and remove all 6 digit numbers that had been marked with the prepended flag, such that link would become:\n\/jsp\/search\/results.jsp?Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Ntk=gensearch&N=0+450+214868CHANGED+218633CHANGED\nUnless there's a better way to manage these infile changes.\nCould someone please help me on this, I'm note an expert with these kind of changes - so help would be massively appreciated.\nMany thanks in advance,\nAlex","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":24126783,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I will write the outline for the code in some kind of pseudocode. And I don't remember Python well to quickly write the code in Python.\nFirst find what type it is (if contains N=0 then type 3, if contains \"+\" then type 2, else type 1) and get a list of strings containing \"N=...\" by exploding (name of PHP function) by \"+\" sign.\nThe first loop is on links. The second loop is for each N= number. The third loop looks in map file and finds the replacing value. Load the data of the map file to a variable before all the loops. File reading is the slowest operation you have in programming.\nYou replace the value in the third loop, then implode (PHP function) the list of new strings to a new link when returning to a first loop.\nProbably you have several files with the links then you need another loop for the files.\nWhen dealing with repeated codes you nees a while loop until spare number found. And you need to save the numbers that are already used in a list.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,regex,bash,sed","A_Id":24127504,"CreationDate":"2014-06-09T18:44:00.000","Title":"How to find and replace 6 digit numbers within HREF links from map of values across site files, ideally using SED\/Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Trying to set the timeout for requests in uWSGI, I'm not sure of the correct setting.  There seem to be multiple timeout options (socket, interface, etc.) and it's not readily evident which setting to configure or where to set it.\nThe behavior I'm looking for is to extend the time a request to the resource layer of a REST application can take.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51844,"Q_Id":24127601,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"it worked for me by comment\n#master = true\nand put this,\nlazy-apps = true\nin uwsgi.ini file","Q_Score":52,"Tags":"python,uwsgi","A_Id":67135000,"CreationDate":"2014-06-09T19:35:00.000","Title":"uWSGI request timeout in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Trying to set the timeout for requests in uWSGI, I'm not sure of the correct setting.  There seem to be multiple timeout options (socket, interface, etc.) and it's not readily evident which setting to configure or where to set it.\nThe behavior I'm looking for is to extend the time a request to the resource layer of a REST application can take.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51844,"Q_Id":24127601,"Users Score":22,"Answer":"Setting http-timeout worked for me. I have http = :8080, so I assume if you use file system socket, you have to use socket-timeout.","Q_Score":52,"Tags":"python,uwsgi","A_Id":28458462,"CreationDate":"2014-06-09T19:35:00.000","Title":"uWSGI request timeout in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to calculate the performance testing through selenium with python?\nIf it is possible, how should I do it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":304,"Q_Id":24135896,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Selenium is not the right tool to use for performance testing. \njmeter is a great tool for this. You would be able to see the response for each request.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver,selenium-firefoxdriver","A_Id":25492157,"CreationDate":"2014-06-10T08:06:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to calculate the performance testing through selenium with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'll explain you better my problem. \nI've code a simple python server who listening for web client connection. \nThe server is running but i must add a function and i don't know how resolve this..\nI must set up a timer, if the client don't connect every N seconds, I've to log it.\nI already looked for set up a timeout but in the lib socket, the timeout doesn't do what i want ...\nI tried to set up a timer with timestamps and compare values, but the socket.listen() method don't stop operation until a client connects. And i wanna stop the listen() method if the time is exceeded.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":458,"Q_Id":24218114,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"How about using a token that is switched when the client connects? Put it in a while loop and if the token is ever the same non-switched value twice in a row kill the loop and stop listen().","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,timer","A_Id":24218375,"CreationDate":"2014-06-14T08:34:00.000","Title":"Python set up a timer for client connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The scenario: I have a Networkx network with around 120.000 edges which I need to query each time a user requests a page or clicks something on the page, so a lot of calls.\nI could load and parse the network each call, but that would be a waste of time as that would take around 4 seconds each time (excluding the querying).\nI was hoping I could store this network object (which is static) somewhere globally and just query it when needed, but I can't find an easy way to do so.  Putting all the edges in a DB is not an option as it doesn't eliminate the time needed for parsing.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":118,"Q_Id":24231504,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You could simply install it as a global variable. Call the function that loads it in a module-level context and import that module when you need it (or use a singleton pattern that loads it on first access, but it's basically the same thing).\nYou should never use a global variable in a webapp if you expect to alter the contents on the fly, but for static content there's nothing wrong with them.\nJust be aware that if you put the import inside a function, then that import will run for the first time when that function is run, which means that the first time someone accesses a specific server after reboot they'll have to wait for the data to load.  If you instead put the import in a module-level context so that it's loaded on app start, then your app will take four seconds (or whatever) longer to start in the first place.  You'll have to pick one of those two performance hits -- the latter is probably kinder to users.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,django,python-2.7,networkx","A_Id":24231580,"CreationDate":"2014-06-15T16:05:00.000","Title":"Django large variable storage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I trying to run a hello world app on my device environment using ga and Python, however even not doing any explicit url request, the urllib2 is having some problems with my proxy server. \nI tried adding the localhost to the list of exclusion and it didn't work. If I disable the proxy on machine it works perfectly. \nHow can I make it work without disabling the proxy  for all programs?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":27,"Q_Id":24243891,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are running your app from the terminal, using dev_appserver.py try using the --skip_sdk_update_check switch, it may be the SDK update check that is failing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,python-2.7","A_Id":24250751,"CreationDate":"2014-06-16T12:35:00.000","Title":"Need to ignore proxy without disabling it on control panel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to run a python script in which I am opening a webpage and clicking on some element. But the script is running very slow and giving random exceptions . \nMostly it halts at line\ndriver = webdriver.Firefox()\nMessage -\n\nselenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'Can\\'t load the profile. Profile ?Dir: \/tmp\/tmp4liaEq Firefox output: Xlib:  extension \"RANDR\" missing on display \":1733\".\\n1403086712970\\taddons.xpi\\tDEBUG\\tstartup\\n1403086713204\\taddons.xpi\\tDEBUG\\tcheckForChanges\\n1403086713568\\taddons.xpi\\tDEBUG\\tNo changes found\\n'\n\nSometimes - \ndriver.find_element_by_xpath(\"\/\/a[@id='some_id']\")\nReturning error that the element is not visible so can't be clicked.\nThe same script runs smoothly on my system that has 4GB RAM.\n(EC2 system specs ~ 600mb memory)\nI tried looking into the system and \"top\" command returned -\n604332k total,   577412k used,    26920k free,     6616k buffers\nI have installed firefox and also xvfb since i am running the firefox headlessly","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1073,"Q_Id":24282955,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I was facing the same problem. \nRunning the scripts as root solved the problem.\nAlso making an user running the test a sudoer worked.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2","A_Id":26747525,"CreationDate":"2014-06-18T10:16:00.000","Title":"Unable to run python selenium webdriver scripts over Amazon EC2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am scraping a webpage. The webpage consists of 50 entries. After 50 entries it gives a \nLoad more reults button. I need to automatically select it. How can I do it. For scraping I am using Python, Lxml.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2379,"Q_Id":24304640,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Even JavaScript is using http requests to get the data, so one method would be to investigate, what requests are providing the data when user asks to \"Load more results\" and emulate these requests.\nThis is not traditional scraping, which is based on plain or rendered html content and detecting further links, but can be working solution.\nNext actions:\n\nvisit the page in Google Chrome or Firefox\npress F12 to start up Developer tools or Firebug\nswitch to \"Network\" tab\nclick \"Load more results\"\ncheck, what http requests have served data for loading more results and what data they return.\ntry to emulate these requests from Python\n\nNote, that the data do not necessarily come in HTML or XML form, but could be in JSON. But Python provide enough tools to process this format too.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,lxml","A_Id":24305212,"CreationDate":"2014-06-19T10:42:00.000","Title":"How to select \"Load more results\" button when scraping using Python & lxml","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am scraping a webpage. The webpage consists of 50 entries. After 50 entries it gives a \nLoad more reults button. I need to automatically select it. How can I do it. For scraping I am using Python, Lxml.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2379,"Q_Id":24304640,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can't do that. The functionality is provided by javascript, which lxml will not execute.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,lxml","A_Id":24304877,"CreationDate":"2014-06-19T10:42:00.000","Title":"How to select \"Load more results\" button when scraping using Python & lxml","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'd like to write a program that parses an online .docx file to build an XML document. I know (or at least I think I know) that browsers need a plug-in to view .docx in browser, but I'm not that familiar with plug-ins or how the work. After looking at a .docx file in Notepad++, it seems clear to me that I won't be able to parse the binary data. Is there a way to simulate the opening of the .docx file for my purposes (EDIT: that is, without downloading and saving the file to my hard drive) within the the abilities of any languages or libraries? \nMy question is more about the opening of the file without downloading than about the actual parsing of it, as I've looked into the Apache POI API for parsing the document in Java.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":839,"Q_Id":24310407,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Let me try to make this clear.\nIf you are viewing it, then you have downloaded it. You are \"downloading\" this webpage in order for your browser to render it. You're \"downloading\" a link to a document which tells you that there is a document. You cannot view the document unless you download it.\nYes, you have to download it.\nDownloading a file is just getting it from the remote server.\nOf course, you don't have to write it to your hard drive. You can download it and store it in memory, and then deal with it from memory.\nOnce you open a connection, you get an InputStream object to read bytes. You can pass that into the Apache POI libraries to read the file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,xml,regex,docx","A_Id":24310461,"CreationDate":"2014-06-19T15:27:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to read in and parse a .docx file that is linked to on a website without downloading the file (in Java, Python, or another language)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I been using python to create an web app and it has been doing well so far. Now I would like to encrypt the transmission of the data between client and server using https. The communication is generally just post form and web pages, no money transactions are involve.  Is there anything I need to change to the python code except setting the server up with certificate and configurate it to use https? I see a lot of information regarding ssl for python and I not sure if I need those modules and python setup to make https work. \nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":45,"Q_Id":24311929,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Typically, the ssl part for Python web app is managed by some frontend web server like nginx, apache or so.\nThis does not require any modification of your code (assuming, you are not expecting user to authenticate by ssl certificate on client side, what is quite exotic, but possible scenario).\nIf you want to run pure Python solution, I would recommend using cherrypy, which is able providing rather reliable and performant web server part (it will be very likely slower then served behind nginx or apache).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ssl","A_Id":24312062,"CreationDate":"2014-06-19T16:39:00.000","Title":"Is there any thing needed for https python web page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I programmatically convert urllib2.Request object into the equivalent curl command?\nMy Python script constructs several urllib2.Request objects, with different headers and postdata. For debugging purposes, I'd like to replay each request with curl. This seems tricky, as we must consider Bash escaping and urllib2's default headers. Is there a simple way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":309,"Q_Id":24336306,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Simple way would be to run wireshark to capture the desired requests and then replay them with a packet replay tool like TCPreplay. If you do want to modify parts in curl for debugging wireshark will show you all the headers urllib2 is setting so you can set them the same in curl.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,curl,urllib2,urllib","A_Id":24336466,"CreationDate":"2014-06-20T22:01:00.000","Title":"Translate a general urllib2.Request to curl command","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using Python, I would like to pull data from NetSuite, along with adding\/updating data in NetSuite. For example, I would like to create sales orders and add line items via Python.\nI'm aware that they have a WSDL that I could potentially use. (And I was hoping that they would also have an API, but apparently not...) Does anyone have examples working with this WSDL in Python? Are there better ways to integrate with NetSuite?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6680,"Q_Id":24413025,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Netsuite has provided toolkits for Java, .Net and PHP to access their webservices. For other languages either there are third party toolkits or you have to send Raw SOAP requests.\nFor my Python based projects I'm using Raw SOAP requests method. I suggest that first you get familiar with Netsuite Web services using any of the available toolkits and then for Python use this knowledge to generate raw SOAP requests. SOAPUI can also be of great help.\nHave you explored restlets they are a generally good alternate for webservices.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,wsdl,netsuite","A_Id":24416478,"CreationDate":"2014-06-25T15:38:00.000","Title":"Accessing NetSuite data with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on an online multiplayer game. I already developed the login servers and database for any persistent storage; both are written in Python and will be hosted with Google's App Engine. (For now.)\nI'm relatively comfortable with two languages - Java and Python. I'd like to write the actual gameplay server in one of those languages, and I'd like for the latency of the client to gameplay-server connection to be as low as possible, so I assume that the majority of gameplay data (e.g. fine player movements) will need to be sent via UDP connections. I'm unfamiliar with UDP connections so I really don't know where to begin designing the server.\nHow should the server be threaded? One thread per client connection that retains session info, and then a separate thread(s) to control autonomous world changes (NPCs moving, etc.)?\nHow should relatively large packets be transmitted? (e.g. ~25 nearby players and all of their gameplay data, usernames, etc.) TCP or UDP?\nLastly - is it safe for the gameplay server to interface with the login server via HTTP requests, how do I verify (from the login server's perspective) the gameplay server's identity - simple password, encryption?\nDidn't want to ask this kind of question because I know they're usually flagged as unproductive - which language would be better for me (as someone inexperienced with socketing) to write a sufficiently efficient server - assume equal experience with both?\nLastly - if this is relevant - I have not begun development on the client - not sure what my goals for the game itself are yet, I just want the servers to be scalable (up to ~150 players, beyond that I expect and understand that major rewrite will probably be necessary) and able to support a fair amount of players and open-world style content. (no server-taxing physics or anything like that necessary)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1168,"Q_Id":24417793,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"\"I assume that the majority of gameplay data (e.g. fine player\n  movements) will need to be sent via UDP connections. I'm unfamiliar\n  with UDP connections so I really don't know where to begin designing\n  the server.\"\n\nUDP can be lower latency, but sometimes, it is far more important that packets aren't dropped in a game.  If it makes any difference to you, World of Warcraft uses TCP.  If you chose to use UDP, you would have to implement something to handle dropped packets.  Otherwise, what happens if a player uses an important ability (Such as a spell interrupt or a heal) and the packet gets dropped?  You COULD use both UDP and TCP to communicate different things, but that adds a lot of complexity.  WoW uses only a single port for all gameplay traffic, plus a UDP port for the in-game voice chat that nobody actually uses.\n\n\"How should the server be threaded? One thread per client connection that retains session info, and then a separate thread(s) to control autonomous world changes (NPCs moving, etc.)?\"\n\nOne thread per client connection can end up with a lot of threads, but would be a necessity if you use synchronous sockets.  I'm not really sure of the best answer for this.\n\n\"How should relatively large packets be transmitted? (e.g. ~25 nearby players and all of their gameplay data, usernames, etc.) TCP or UDP?\"\n\nThis is what makes MMORPG servers so CPU and bandwidth intense.  Every action has to be relayed to potentially dozens of players, possibly hundreds if it scales that much.  This is more of a scaling issue than a TCP vs UDP issue.  To be honest, I wouldn't worry much about it unless your game catches on and it actually becomes an issue.\n\n\"Lastly - is it safe for the gameplay server to interface with the login server via HTTP requests, how do I verify (from the login server's perspective) the gameplay server's identity - simple password, encryption?\"\n\nYou could easily use SSL.\n\n\"Lastly - if this is relevant - I have not begun development on the client - not sure what my goals for the game itself are yet, I just want the servers to be scalable (up to ~150 players, beyond that I expect and understand that major rewrite will probably be necessary) and able to support a fair amount of players and open-world style content. (no server-taxing physics or anything like that necessary)\"\n\nI wouldn't use Python for your server.  It is horrendously slow and won't scale well.  It's fine for web servers and applications where latency isn't too much of an issue, but for a real-time game server handling 100+ players, I'd imagine it would fall apart.  Java will work, but even THAT will run into scaling issues before a natively coded server does.  I'd use Java to rapidly prototype the game and get it working, then consider a rewrite in C\/C++ to speed it up later.\nAlso, something to consider regarding Python...if you haven't read about the Global Interpreter Lock, I'd make sure to do that.  Because of the GIL, Python can be very ineffective at multithreading unless you're making calls to native libraries.  You can get around it with multiprocessing, but then you have to deal with the overhead of communication between processes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,multithreading,sockets,udp","A_Id":24419007,"CreationDate":"2014-06-25T20:18:00.000","Title":"Structuring a server for an online multiplayer game","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an application written in Python and C++.  I use SWIG to wrap the C++ parts.  I'm interested in porting this application to work with Chrome native client (NaCl and\/or PNaCl).  I see that Python 2.7 is listed on the naclports page, so presumably it won't be a problem to run the Python code.  But does it support C extensions?  Will it be able to load my SWIG wrapper when running under native client?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":199,"Q_Id":24418748,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, the python port (BTW there is 2.7 as well as 3.3) in naclports supports C extensions. There are several in naclports already (see ports\/python_modules).\nI don't know if any of them use swig by I don't think that would be a problem.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,swig,google-nativeclient","A_Id":24420392,"CreationDate":"2014-06-25T21:18:00.000","Title":"Use Python extensions with Chrome native client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I execute my Selenium tests on FF16, Selenium 2.33, Python on Linux. I have created separate firefox profiles corresponding to my devices.\nI observed a directory 'webdriver-py-profilecopy' is created in tmp directory. And I see that this directory is deleted after completion of tests. But sometimes these directories are not cleared. The size of this directory is around 28mb. I want to change the tmp directory location.\nIs there a way to change temp file location?\nIn  Java webdriver provides a way to define our own temp directory. Is there a way to do it in Python webdriver\nTemporaryFilesystem.setTemporaryDirectory","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1294,"Q_Id":24424745,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I used tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix='foo',prefix='bar',dir=myTemp) and it worked.\nThanks","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":24430044,"CreationDate":"2014-06-26T07:29:00.000","Title":"Change temporary file location in python webdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to download an \"onion\" site , I was trying to use Httrack and Internet Download Manager, unfortunately with no success.\nHow can I download a Tor \"onion\" website in depth of 1\/2?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4525,"Q_Id":24427882,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Httrack does not work with Tor, but you can download TorCap2, start Tor, set proxy to 127.0.0.1:9150 (or other port, check it with netstat), enter program location and parameters. I use wget and it's working great.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,download,tor","A_Id":30506125,"CreationDate":"2014-06-26T10:16:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to download a Tor onion website?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to be able to edit existing XML config files via Python while preserving the formatting of the file and the comments in them so that its still human readable.\nI will be updating existing XML elements and changing values as well as adding new XML elements to the file.\nAvailable XML parsers such as ElementTree and lxml are great ways to edit XML files but you loose the original formatting(when adding new elements to the file) and comments that were in the file.\nUsing Regular expressions seems to be an option but I know that this is not recommended with XML.\nSo I'm looking for something along the lines of a Pythonic XML file editor. What is the best way to go about this? Thanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1103,"Q_Id":24453842,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I recommend you to parse the XML document using a SAX parser, this gives you great flexibility to make your changes and to write back the document as it was.\nTake a look at the xml.sax modules (see Python's documentation).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":24454049,"CreationDate":"2014-06-27T14:06:00.000","Title":"What is the best option for editing XML files in Python that preserve the original formatting of the file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to automate emails using python. Unfortunately, the network administrators at my work have blocked SMTP relay, so I cannot use that approach to send the emails (they are addressed externally).\nI am therefore using win32com to automatically send these emails via outlook. This is working fine except for one thing. I want to choose the \"FROM\" field within my python code, but I simply cannot figure out how to do this.\nAny insight would be greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2282,"Q_Id":24454538,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"If you configured a separate POP3\/SMTP account, set the MailItem.SendUsingAccount property to an account from the Namespace.Accounts collection.\nIf you are sending on behalf of an Exchange user, set the MailItem.SentOnBehalfOfName property","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,outlook,win32com","A_Id":24454678,"CreationDate":"2014-06-27T14:39:00.000","Title":"Choosing \"From\" field using python win32com outlook","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to copy a file from my aws ec2 instance to S3 bucket folder, but i am getting error\nHere is the command sample\naws s3 cp \/home\/abc\/icon.jpg s3:\/\/mybucket\/myfolder\nThis the error i am getting\nupload failed: .\/icon.jpg to s3:\/\/mybucket\/myfolder\/icon.jpg HTTPSConnectionPool(host='s3-us-west-1b.amazonaws.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: \/mybucket\/myfolder\/icon.jpg (Caused by : [Errno -2] Name or service not known)\nI have already configured the config file for aws cli command line\nPlease suggest the solution to this problem","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":11516,"Q_Id":24487444,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"One possible issue could be that proxy might not have been set in your instance service role. Configure the env to point to your proxy servers via HTTP_PROXY \/ HTTPS_PROXY (Since the above error displays 443, it should be HTTPS_PROXY).","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,aws-cli","A_Id":42559759,"CreationDate":"2014-06-30T09:56:00.000","Title":"HTTPSConnectionPool(host='s3-us-west-1b.amazonaws.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"We have following scenario:\n\nOur service shows the bill amount to the user in INR (Indian Rupees). For example Rs 1000\nWe want to receive full payment in INR in our bank account. That is, we should get full Rs 1000 in our account.\nUser selects his preferred currency as one of the following: USD, GBP, CAD etc based on the credit card he is carrying.\nAll the extra charges like Paypal fee + currency conversion charges should be deducted from the user's credit card.\n\nHow can this be done via REST API? We are using Python REST SDK.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":59,"Q_Id":24496445,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The merchant is generally responsible for paying transaction fees and conversion fees. As far as I know there is no way to programmatically force the cardholder to pay them.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,paypal","A_Id":24497485,"CreationDate":"2014-06-30T18:18:00.000","Title":"User's preferred currency is different from the product amount currency","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a client\/server application in Python, where client and server share a lot of code.\nHow should the folder structure look like? \nMy idea is to have three folders with the code files in it\n\nserver\n\nserver.py\netc.\n\nclient\n\nclient.py\netc.\n\ncommon\n\ncommon.py\netc.\n\n\nBut how can I import from common.py in server.py when server.py has to be executable (can't be a package)? \nCurrently we have all files in the same folder but since the project got more complex this isn't manageable anymore.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":249,"Q_Id":24500190,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"One solution is to have the executable scripts all at the top folder like this:\n\nserver\n\nserver specific code\n\nclient\n\nclient specific code\n\ncommon\n\ncommon code\n\nserver.py (executable script that imports from server and common)\nclient.py (executable script that imports from client and common)\n\nWhen deploying the server I just copy server.py, the server and the common folder. Similar for the client.\nIt's not the ideal solution and I'd be thankful if someone comes up with a better one but that is how I use it now.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,client-server","A_Id":24532689,"CreationDate":"2014-06-30T23:01:00.000","Title":"Layout for Client\/Server project with common code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an Echoprint local webserver (uses tokyotyrant, python, solr) set up on a Linux virtual machine.\nI can access it through the browser or curl in the virtual machine using http\/\/localhost:8080 and in the non-virtual machine (couldn't find out how to say it better) I use the IP on the virtual machine also with the 8080 port.\nHowever, when I try to access it through my android on the same wifi I get a connection refused error.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":184,"Q_Id":24557707,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Both \"localhost\" and \"127.0.0.1\" are local loopback interfaces only: they only make sense within the same machine. From your Android device, assuming it's on the same wifi network as your machine, you'll need to use the actual IP address of your main machine: you can either find that from the network settings of that machine, or from your router's web interface.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"android,python,solr,webserver,tokyo-tyrant","A_Id":24558290,"CreationDate":"2014-07-03T15:25:00.000","Title":"Difficulty accessing local webserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an Echoprint local webserver (uses tokyotyrant, python, solr) set up on a Linux virtual machine.\nI can access it through the browser or curl in the virtual machine using http\/\/localhost:8080 and in the non-virtual machine (couldn't find out how to say it better) I use the IP on the virtual machine also with the 8080 port.\nHowever, when I try to access it through my android on the same wifi I get a connection refused error.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":184,"Q_Id":24557707,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In case someone has the same problem, I solved it. \nThe connection has to be by cable and on the VMware Player settings the network connection has to be bridged, also you must click \"Configure adapters\" and uncheck the \"VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter\".","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"android,python,solr,webserver,tokyo-tyrant","A_Id":24635024,"CreationDate":"2014-07-03T15:25:00.000","Title":"Difficulty accessing local webserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an Echoprint local webserver (uses tokyotyrant, python, solr) set up on a Linux virtual machine.\nI can access it through the browser or curl in the virtual machine using http\/\/localhost:8080 and in the non-virtual machine (couldn't find out how to say it better) I use the IP on the virtual machine also with the 8080 port.\nHowever, when I try to access it through my android on the same wifi I get a connection refused error.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":184,"Q_Id":24557707,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is the server bound to localhost or 0.0.0.0?\nMaybe your host resolves that ip to some kind of a localhost as well, due to bridging.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"android,python,solr,webserver,tokyo-tyrant","A_Id":24557803,"CreationDate":"2014-07-03T15:25:00.000","Title":"Difficulty accessing local webserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm analyzing tweets and need to find which state (in the USA) the user was in from their GPS coordinates.  I will not have an internet connection available so I can't use an online service such as the Google Maps API to reverse geocode.  \nDoes anyone have any suggestions? I am writing the script in python so if anyone knows of a python library that I can use that would be great.  Or if anyone can point me to a research paper or efficient algorithm I can implement to accomplish this that would also be very helpful.  I have found some data that represents the state boundaries in GPS coordinates but I can't think of an efficient way to determine which state the user's coordinates are in.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2493,"Q_Id":24604661,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Use a point-in-polygon algorithm to determine if the coordinate is inside of a state (represented by a polygon with GAP coordinates as points). Practically speaking, it doesn't seem like you would be able to improve much upon simply checking each state one at a time, though some optimizations can be made if it's too slow.\nHowever, parts of Alaska are on both sides of the 180th meridian which cases problems. One solution would be to offset the coordinates a bit by adding 30 degrees modulus 180 to the longitude for each GPS coordinate (user coordinates and state coordinates). This has the effect of moving the 180th meridian about 30 degrees west and should be enough to ensure that the entire US on one side of the 180th meridian.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,algorithm,gps,reverse-geocoding","A_Id":24612105,"CreationDate":"2014-07-07T06:59:00.000","Title":"Determine the US state from GPS coordinates without using online service","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am doing allot of network developing and I am starting a new research.\nI need to send a packet which will then cause another SYN packet to be sent.\nThis is how I want it to look:\nI send syn -->  --> sends another SYN before SYN\/ACK packet.\nHow can I cause?\nI am using Scapy + Python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":270,"Q_Id":24610812,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know if I understand you correctly. Is there any difference between your two SYN packets? If so, just create two SYN as you want and then send them together. If not, send same packets twice using scapy.send(pkt, 2).I don't remember the specific parameters, but I'm sure scapy.send can send as many packets and fast as you like.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tcp,scapy","A_Id":24612638,"CreationDate":"2014-07-07T12:38:00.000","Title":"How do I create a double SYN packet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can build Facebook login with Python Social Auth. But in order to access full content of the site I want users to be authorised first. Would it be possible to get guidelines how such solution should be build?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":145,"Q_Id":24617063,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can still use the @login_required decorator","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,python-social-auth","A_Id":24626165,"CreationDate":"2014-07-07T18:13:00.000","Title":"User authorization in Python Social Auth","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can i get twitter information (number of followers, following, etc.) about a set of twitter handles using the Twitter API?\ni have already used Python-Twitter library but this only gives me information about my own twitter account, but i need the same for other twitter users (i have a list).\nCan you please guide me in the right direction? or refer to some good blogs\/articles","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":58,"Q_Id":24653225,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want the latest tweets from specific users, Twitter offers the Streaming API.\nThe Streaming API is the real-time sample of the Twitter Firehose. This API is for those developers with data intensive needs. If you're looking to build a data mining product or are interested in analytics research, the Streaming API is most suited for such things.\nIf you're trying to access old information, the REST API with its severe request limits is the only way to go.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,twitter","A_Id":24654111,"CreationDate":"2014-07-09T12:05:00.000","Title":"Twitter API access using Python (newbie:Help Needed)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to detect if the browser made a request via AJAX (AngularJS) so that I can return a JSON array, or if I have to render the template. How can I do this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5005,"Q_Id":24687736,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There isn't any way to be certain whether a request is made by ajax.\nWhat I found that worked for me, was to simply include a get parameter for xhr requests and simply omit the parameter on non-xhr requests.\nFor example:\n\nXHR Request: example.com\/search?q=Boots&api=1\nOther Requests: example.com\/search?q=Boots","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,ajax,angularjs,flask","A_Id":56367083,"CreationDate":"2014-07-10T23:06:00.000","Title":"How can I identify requests made via AJAX in Python's Flask?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using boto to upload and download files to S3 & Glacier. \nHow can I ratelimit\/throttle the uploading and downloading speeds?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1618,"Q_Id":24702818,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The simplest would be to use traffic shaping tools under linux, like tc.  These tools let you control bandwidth and even simulate network packet loss or even long distance communication issues.   Easy to write a python script to control the port behavior via a shell.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,boto","A_Id":41159662,"CreationDate":"2014-07-11T16:53:00.000","Title":"How to throttle S3 & Glacier upload\/download speeds with boto?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to implement a Python script to act as my OAuth2 endpoint, since I'm trying to write a Soundcloud app. Part of the authentication process involves visiting a Soundcloud page where you can sign in and grant access to the given Soundcloud application.\nI'd like to be able to open that webpage in a browser using Python 3, which you can do with the webbrowser object. You can see on the documentation that launching a text-based browser blocks execution; I want to block execution whilst the webpage is open in a GUI-based browser.\nDoes anyone know whether this is possible?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":225,"Q_Id":24706850,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This might be impossible to do portably. For example, if Firefox is already running on Linux, the second invocation of firefox http:\/\/url will find out that an instance using the same profile, will send a message to the other process to open that URL in a tab, then exits immediately.\n\nHowever, you could accomplish the same thing by sending the authentication tokens to a server, and simultaneously polling the server for credentials in the python script.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,flask,soundcloud","A_Id":24741514,"CreationDate":"2014-07-11T21:29:00.000","Title":"How can I make Python's 'webbrowser' block execution?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So, do they? That is the question. I'm not seeing any increase in my coverage reports with my integration tests done with selenium.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":826,"Q_Id":24766819,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Well, they increase coverage if they execute code which is not executed by your other tests. However, that won't show up in your reports unless you figure out a way to capture which lines are executed during selenium testing, and add that into the data about coverage.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,selenium,integration-testing,code-coverage","A_Id":24768403,"CreationDate":"2014-07-15T19:41:00.000","Title":"Do selenium tests in django applications increase coverage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've searched thoroughly and still can't find the answer to this question. I finally figured out how to prefill a form in an iframe using splinter, but it only works in firefox on my computer, while not working in another browser, let alone a mobile device. I've tried importing webdriver from selenium, etc. Still, nothing.\nSo far, the webbrowser works both on the pc and my android device to easily pull up a website; unfortunately, I can't get it to prefill forms in iframes. \nCan anybody help???\nThank you!!!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":128,"Q_Id":24846309,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can provide it as the argument when you instantiate the splinter browser object.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python,iframe,selenium,splinter","A_Id":30110730,"CreationDate":"2014-07-20T00:45:00.000","Title":"How can I force splinter to use a default browser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have two servers: Golang and Python (2.7). The Python (Bottle) server has a computation intensive task to perform and exposes a RESTful URI to start the execution of the process. That is, the Go server sends: \nHTTP GET to myserver.com\/data\nThe python server performs the computation and needs to inform the Go server of the completion of the processing. There are two ways in which I see this can be designed:\n\nGo sends a callback URL\/data to Python and python responds by hitting that URL. E.g:\nHTTP GET | myserver.com\/data | Data{callbackURI:goserver.com\/process\/results, Type: POST, response:\"processComplete\"}\nHave a WebSocket based response be sent back from Python to Go.\n\nWhat would be a more suitable design? Are there pros\/cons of doing one over the other? Other than error conditions (server crashed etc.,) the only thing that the Python server needs to actually \"inform\" the client is about completing the computation. That's the only response.\nThe team working on the Go server is not very well versed with having a Go client based on websockets\/ajax (nor do I. But I've never written a single line of Go :) #1 seems to be easier but am not aware of whether it is an accepted design approach or is it just a hack? What's the recommended way to proceed in this regard?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1211,"Q_Id":24873787,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It depends on how often these signal are being sent. If it's many times per second, keeping a websocket open might make more sense. Otherwise, use option #1 since it will have less overhead and be more loosely coupled.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rest,go,websocket","A_Id":24876825,"CreationDate":"2014-07-21T20:08:00.000","Title":"HTTP Callback URL vs. WebSocket for ansynchronous response?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to establish one session at the starting of the suite. That session should be stay for longer time for multiple test cases.That session should end at the last.\nThat session should be implement in Selenium Web driver by using Unittest frame works in python language.\nplease can anyone suggest any methods or how to implement it.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":739,"Q_Id":24890579,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The simplest way to achieve this is not to use the Setup() and TearDown() methods, or more specifically not to create a new instance of the WebDriver object at that start or each test case, and not to use the Quit() method at the end of each test case. \nIn your first test case create a new instance of the WebDriver object and use this object for all of your test cases. At the end of your last test case use the Quit() method to close the browser.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,session,selenium,webdriver,python-unittest","A_Id":24891062,"CreationDate":"2014-07-22T14:47:00.000","Title":"how to establish a session thourghout the selenium webdriver suite by using python in firefox","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I used to create web app in the same computer, but if the server and the client is not in the same computer, how can we access to the web page ?\nI mean, for example I have an html form and a button \"ok\" :\nIf the server and the client are in the same computer, in action = \" \" we put localhost\/file.py , but if the server and the client are not in the same computer how to do this ? Because the client can't to have localhost in his webbrower (url).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":136,"Q_Id":24890739,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The \"action\" part of a form is an url, and If you don't specify the scheme:\/\/host:port part of the URL, the client will resolve it has the current page one. IOW: just put the path part of your script's URL and you'll be fine. FWIW hardcoding the scheme:\/\/host:port of your URLs is an antipattern, as you just found out.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,url,client-server,client,webclient","A_Id":24893137,"CreationDate":"2014-07-22T14:54:00.000","Title":"make a Client-Server application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I used to create web app in the same computer, but if the server and the client is not in the same computer, how can we access to the web page ?\nI mean, for example I have an html form and a button \"ok\" :\nIf the server and the client are in the same computer, in action = \" \" we put localhost\/file.py , but if the server and the client are not in the same computer how to do this ? Because the client can't to have localhost in his webbrower (url).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":136,"Q_Id":24890739,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your script is supposed to be run as a CGI script by a web-server, which sets environment variables like REMOTE_ADDR, REQUEST_METHOD ...\nYou are running the script by yourself, and this environment variable are not available. \nThat's why you get the KeyError.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,url,client-server,client,webclient","A_Id":24907187,"CreationDate":"2014-07-22T14:54:00.000","Title":"make a Client-Server application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For example when I have ids lookup and want to search one by by one to see if the document already exists or not. One of two things happen:\n\nFirst -> first search request returns the correct doc and all the calls after that returns the same doc as first one even though I was searching for different Ids\nSecond -> first search request returns the correct doc and all the calls after that returns empty hits array even though I was searching for different Ids. The search metadata does tell me that \"total\" was one for this request but no actual hits are returned.\n\nI have been facing this weird behaviour with ElasticSearch.py and using raw http requests as well. \nCould it be firewall that is causing some sort of weird caching behaviour? \nIs there anyway to force the results?\nAny ideas are welcome at this point.\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":112,"Q_Id":24956390,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It was the firewall caching that was causing the havoc! Once the caching was disabled for certain endpoints, the issue resolved itself. Painful!","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,elasticsearch,firewall,python-3.4","A_Id":25247538,"CreationDate":"2014-07-25T13:02:00.000","Title":"ElasticSearch doesn't return hits when making consecutive calls - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to get the data from inspect element using Python. I'm able to download the source code using BeautifulSoup but now I need the text from inspect element of a webpage. I'd truly appreciate if you could advise me how to do it. \nEdit:\nBy inspect element I mean, in google chrome, right click gives us an option called inspect element which has code related to each element of that particular page. I'd like to extract that code\/ just its text strings.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34323,"Q_Id":25027339,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"BeautifulSoup could be used to parse the html document, and extract anything you want. It's not designed for downloading. You could find the elements you want by it's class and id.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,html,extract","A_Id":25027442,"CreationDate":"2014-07-30T01:11:00.000","Title":"How to get data from inspect element of a webpage using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm developing a client-server game in python and I want to know more about port forwarding.\nWhat I'm doing for instance is going to my router (192.168.0.1) and configure it to allow request for my real IP-adress to be redirected to my local adress 192.168.0.X. It works really well. But I'm wondering if I can do it by coding something automatically  ?\nI think skype works like a kind of p2p and I can see in my router that skype is automatically port forwarded to my pc adress. Can I do it in Python too?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9022,"Q_Id":25069005,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"So your application needs to do TCP\/UDP networking if I understand correctly. That means that at least one of the connecting clients needs a properly open port, and if both of them is behind NAT (a router) and have no configured open ports, your clients cannot connect.\nThere are several possible solutions for this, but not all are reliable: UPnP, as suggested here, can open ports on demand but isn't supported (or enabled) on all routers (and it is a security threat), and P2P solutions are complex and still require open ports on some clients.\nThe only reliable solution is to have a dedicated server that all clients can connect to that will negotiate the connections, and possibly proxy between them.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,port,forwarding","A_Id":25069162,"CreationDate":"2014-07-31T21:11:00.000","Title":"Python port forwarding","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is a webpage which when loaded uses a random placement of forms \/ controls \/ google ads.  However, the set is closed--from my tests there are at least three possible variations, with two very common and the third very rare.  \nI would like to be able to classify this webpage according to each variation.  I tried analyzing the html source of each variation, but the html of all the variations is exactly the same, according to both Python string equals and the Python difflib.  There doesn't seem to be any information specifying where to put the google ads or the controls.  \nFor an example, consider a picture with two boxes, a red one (call it box A) and a blue one (call it box B).  The boxes themselves never change position, but what takes their position does.\nNow consider two possible variations, one of which is chosen everytime the webpage is loaded \/ opened.  \nVariation 1: Suppose 50% of the time, the google ad is positioned at box A (the red one) and the website control is thus placed at box B (the blue one).  \nVariation 2: Suppose also 50% of the time, the google ad is positioned at box B (the blue one) and the website control is thus placed at box A (the red one).  \nSo if I load the webpage, how can I classify it based on its variation?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":34,"Q_Id":25090619,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the HTML is definitely the same every time, the variations are probably being done on the client side using javascript.\nThe answer depends on what you mean by \"classify.\" If you just want to know, on any given load of the page, where the widgets are, you will probably have to use something like Selenium that actually opens the page in a browser and runs javascript, rather than just fetching the HTML source. Then you will need to use Selenium to eval some javascript that detects the widget locations. There is a selenium module for python that is fairly straightforward to use. Consider hooking it up to PhantomJS so you don't have to have a browser window up.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,ads,adsense","A_Id":25090652,"CreationDate":"2014-08-02T00:57:00.000","Title":"Classify different versions of the same webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My RDS is in a VPC, so it has a private IP address. I can connect my RDS database instance from my local computer with pgAdmin using SSH tunneling via EC2 Elastic IP. \nNow I want to connect to the database instance in my code in python. How can I do that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":667,"Q_Id":25112648,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Point your python code to the same address and port you're using for the tunnelling.\nIf you're not sure check the pgAdmin destination in the configuration and just copy it.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"postgresql,python-2.7,amazon-web-services,psycopg2,amazon-vpc","A_Id":25115502,"CreationDate":"2014-08-04T06:08:00.000","Title":"AWS - Connect to RDS via EC2 tunnel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When using recv() method, sometimes we can't receive as much data as we want, just like using send(). But we can use sendall() to solve the problem of sending data, how about receiving data? Why there is no such recvall() method?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16283,"Q_Id":25120761,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"send has extra information that recv doesn't: how much data there is to send. If you have 100 bytes of data to send, sendall can objectively determine if fewer than 100 bytes were sent by the first call to send, and continually send data until all 100 bytes are sent.\nWhen you try to read 1024 bytes, but only get 512 back, you have no way of knowing if that is because the other 512 bytes are delayed and you should try to read more, or if there were only 512 bytes to read in the first place. You can never say for a fact that there will be more data to read, rendering recvall meaningless. The most you can do is decide how long you are willing to wait (timeout) and how many times you are willing to retry before giving up.\nYou might wonder why there is an apparent difference between reading from a file and reading from a socket. With a file, you have extra information from the file system about how much data is in the file, so you reliably distinguish between EOF and some other that may have prevented you from reading the available data. There is no such source of metadata for sockets.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-2.7","A_Id":25121548,"CreationDate":"2014-08-04T14:13:00.000","Title":"why does python socket library not include recvall() method like sendall()?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When using recv() method, sometimes we can't receive as much data as we want, just like using send(). But we can use sendall() to solve the problem of sending data, how about receiving data? Why there is no such recvall() method?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":16283,"Q_Id":25120761,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Because recvall is fundamentally confusing: your assumption was that it would read exactly-N bytes, but I would have thought it would completely exhaust the stream, based on the name.\nAn operation that completely exhausts the stream is a dangerous API for a bunch of reasons, and the ambiguity in naming makes this a pretty unproductive API.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-2.7","A_Id":25121894,"CreationDate":"2014-08-04T14:13:00.000","Title":"why does python socket library not include recvall() method like sendall()?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to be able to use the multiprocessing library in python to continuously stream from multiple live web apis with python-request (Using the Stream option). Would this be possible on a dual-core Linux system or am I better off running them as single programs in multiple screen sessions?\nWould I also want to use a pool of workers?\nThank you for the help, let me know if the question is unclear.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":25126843,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Figure out what your bottleneck is going to be before designing a solution;\nThe first thing to look at is probably network bandwith. If one stream can saturate your network, downloading more than one toghether won't be faster.\nThe second thing is disk write throughput. Can your disk and OS handle all these concurrent writes?\nIf you want to do transcoding, you might also run into computational limits.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multiprocessing,python-requests","A_Id":25128782,"CreationDate":"2014-08-04T20:16:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to process X amount of streaming API streams with multiprocessing?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to write a server for a chat program. I want the server to have a tcp connection with every chat user. Is there way for the server to have multiple tcp connections at the same time without creating a socket for every connection? And if yes, how?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1292,"Q_Id":25171044,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No. Unlike UDP sockets, TCP sockets work are connection-oriented. Whatever data is written into a socket, \"magically\" appears to come out of the socket at the other end as a stream of data. For that, both sockets maintain a virtual connection, a state. Among other things, the state defines both endpoints of the conntection - IP and port numbers of both sockets. So a single TCP socket can only talk to a single TCP socket at the other end.\nUDP sockets on the other hand operate on a per-packet basis (connectionless), allowing you to send a receive packets to\/from any destination using the same socket. However, UDP does not guarantee reliability and in-order delivery. \nBtw, your question has nothing to do with python. All sockets (except raw sockets) are operating system sockets that work in the same way in all languages.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-3.x,tcp","A_Id":25171183,"CreationDate":"2014-08-06T22:05:00.000","Title":"Multiple TCP connections in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want my search tool to have a similar behaviour to Google Search when all of the elements entered by the user are excluded (eg.: user input is -obama). In those cases, Google returns an empty result. In my current code, my program just makes an empty Solr query, which causes error in Solr.\nI know that you can enter *:* to get all the results, but what should I fill in my Solr query so that Solr will return an empty search result?\nEDIT:\nJust to make it clearer, the thing is that when I have something like -obama, I want Solr to return an empty search result. If you google -obama, that's what you get, but if you put -obama on Solr, it seems that the result is everything (all the documents), except for the ones that have \"obama\"","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":660,"Q_Id":25193192,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You shouldn't query solr when there is no term being looked for (and I seriously doubt google looks over it's searchable indexes when a search term is empty). This logic should be built into whatever mechanism you use to parse the user supplied query terms before constructing the solr query. Lets say the user's input is represented as a simple string where each word is treated as a unique query term. You would want to split the string on spaces into an array of strings, map over the array and remove strings prefixed by \"-\", and then construct the query terms from what remains in the array. If flattening the array yields an empty string, return an empty array instead of querying solr at all.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,solr,lucene,solr-query-syntax","A_Id":25193866,"CreationDate":"2014-08-07T22:18:00.000","Title":"How do I make Solr return an empty result?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've setup an XML-RPC server\/client communication under Windows. What I've noticed is that if exchanged data volume become huge, there's a difference in starting the server listening on \"localhost\" vs. \"127.0.0.1\". If \"127.0.0.1\" is set, the communication speed is faster than using \"localhost\". Could somebody explain why? I thought it could be a matter on naming resolving, but....locally too?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5148,"Q_Id":25199405,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"Every domain name gets resolved. There is no exception to this rule, including with regards to a local site.\nWhen you make a request to localhost, localhost's IP gets resolved by the host file every time it gets requested. In Windows, the host file controls this. But if you make a request to 127.0.0.1, the IP address is already resolved, so any request goes directly to this IP.","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,windows,ip,xml-rpc","A_Id":25221564,"CreationDate":"2014-08-08T08:47:00.000","Title":"\"localhost\" vs \"127.0.0.1\" performance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for libraries that can help in displaying a progress message so a user knows how far along the task is. I found Celery, and I was wondering if it is possible to use Celery to display a progress message that updates on the page during the load. For example: \"Loaded x amount of data\" and enumerate x.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":61,"Q_Id":25212475,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Celery is meant to do background jobs. That means it cannot directly interact to update your web page. To achieve something like what you described, you would need to store the progress data externally (like say into a database) and then query this data source in the webpage via AJAX. Yeah, it is a bit complicated.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,celery","A_Id":25213065,"CreationDate":"2014-08-08T21:24:00.000","Title":"Using celery to update a progress message?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to run a simple Python TCP server on my EC2, listening on port 6666.  I've created an inbound TCP firewall rule to open port 6666, and there are no restrictions on outgoing ports.\nI cannot connect to my instance from the outside world however, testing with telnet or netcat can never make the connection.  Things do work if I make a connection from localhost however.\nAny ideas as to what could be wrong?\n\n\n\n    #!\/usr\/bin\/env python\n\n    import socket\n\n\n    TCP_IP = '127.0.0.1'\n    TCP_PORT = 6666\n    BUFFER_SIZE = 20  # Normally 1024, but we want fast response\n\n    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n    s.bind((TCP_IP, TCP_PORT))\n    s.listen(1)\n\n    conn, addr = s.accept()\n    print 'Connection address:', addr\n    while 1:\n        data = conn.recv(BUFFER_SIZE)\n        if not data: break\n        print \"received data:\", data\n        conn.send(data)  # echo\n    conn.close()","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3240,"Q_Id":25234336,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"Your TCP_IP is only listening locally because you set your listening IP to 127.0.0.1.\nSet TCP_IP = \"0.0.0.0\" and it will listen on \"all\" interfaces including your externally-facing IP.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,tcp,amazon-ec2,firewall","A_Id":25234530,"CreationDate":"2014-08-11T00:30:00.000","Title":"Simple Python TCP server not working on Amazon EC2 instance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using Boto, you can create an S3 bucket and configure a lifecycle for it; say expire keys after 5 days. I would like to not have a default lifecycle for my bucket, but instead set a lifecycle depending on the path within the bucket. For instance, having path \/a\/ keys expire in 5 days, and path \/b\/ keys to never expire.\nIs there a way to do this using Boto? Or is expiration tied to buckets and there is no alternative?\nThank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":25245710,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"After some research in the boto docs, it looks like using the prefix parameter in the lifecycle add_rule method allows you to do this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":25245827,"CreationDate":"2014-08-11T14:28:00.000","Title":"Setting a lifecycle for a path within a bucket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am doing a data extraction project where i am required to build a  web scraping program written using python using selenium and phantomjs headless webkit as browser for scaping public information like friendlist in facebook.The program is starting fairly fast but after a day of running it is getting slower and slower and I cannot figure out why ?? Can anyone give me an idea why it is getting slower ? I am running on a local machine which pretty good specs of 4gb ram and quad core processor . Does FB provide any API to find friends of friends ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":204,"Q_Id":25255414,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"We faced the same issue. We resolved this by closing browser automatically after particular time interval. Clear temporary cache and open new browser instance and continue the process.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python-2.7,facebook-graph-api,selenium-webdriver,phantomjs,facebook-sdk-3.0","A_Id":25302804,"CreationDate":"2014-08-12T02:49:00.000","Title":"Web Crawler gets slower with time","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to create a multiplayer game for iPhone(cocos2d), which is almost finished, but the multiplayer part is left. I have searched the web for two days now, and can\u00b4t find any thing that answers my question.\nI have created a search room(tcp socket on port 2000) that matches players that searches for a quick match to play. After two players has been matched, that server disconnects them from the search room to leave space for incoming searchers(clients\/players)\nNow I\u00b4m wondering how to create the play room(where two players interact and play)?\nI was thinking I could create a new tcp\/udp socket on a new port and let the matched(matched in the search room) players connect to that socket and then have a perfect isolated room for the two to interact with each another.\nOr do I need a new server (machine\/hardware) and than create a new socket on that one and let the peered players connect to it.\nOr maybe there is another way of doing this.\nOBS. I am not going to have the game running on the server to deal with cheaters for now. Because this will be to much load for the server cpu on my setup.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":902,"Q_Id":25261552,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I was thinking I could create a new tcp\/udp socket on a new port and let the matched(matched in the search room) players connect to that socket and then have a perfect isolated room for the two to interact with each another.\n\nYes, you can do that. And there shouldn't be anything hard about it at all. You just bind a socket on the first available port, pass that port to the two players, and wait for them to connect. If you're worried about hackers swooping in by, e.g., portscanning for new ports opening up, there are ways to deal with that, but given that you're not attempting any cheap protection I doubt it's an issue.\n\nOr do I need a new server (machine\/hardware) and than create a new socket on that one and let the peered players connect to it.\n\nWhy would you need that? What could it do for you? Sure, it could take some load off the first server, but there are plenty of ways you could load-balance if that's the issue; doing it asymmetrically like this tends to lead to one server at 100% while the other one's at 5%\u2026\n\nOr maybe there is another way of doing this.\n\nOne obvious way is to not do anything. Just let them keeping talking to the same port they're already talking to, just attach a different handler (or a different state in the client state machine, or whatever; you haven't given us any clue how you're implementing your server). I don't know what you think you're getting out of \"perfect isolation\". But even if you want it to be a different process, you can just migrate the two client sockets over to the other process; there's no reason to make them connect to a new port.\nAnother way to do it is to get the server out of the way entirely\u2014STUN or hole-punch them together and let them P2P the game protocol.\nAnything in between those two extremes doesn't seem worth doing, unless you have some constraints you haven't explained.\n\nOBS. I am not going to have the game running on the server to deal with cheaters for now. Because this will be to much load for the server cpu on my setup.\n\nI'm guessing that if putting even minimal game logic on the server for cheat protection is too expensive, spinning off a separate process for every pair of clients may also be too expensive. Another reason not to do it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,udp,multiplayer","A_Id":25261988,"CreationDate":"2014-08-12T10:04:00.000","Title":"Multi multiplayer server sockets in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I may be being ignorant here, but I have been researching for the past 30 minutes and have not found how to do this. I was uploading a bunch of files to my server, and then, prior to them all finishing, I edited one of those files. How can I update the file on the server to the file on my local computer? \nBonus points if you tell me how I can link the file on my local computer to auto update on the server when I connect (if possible of course)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2518,"Q_Id":25265148,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have you considered Dropbox or SVN ?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssh","A_Id":25265180,"CreationDate":"2014-08-12T13:08:00.000","Title":"update file on ssh and link to local computer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I may be being ignorant here, but I have been researching for the past 30 minutes and have not found how to do this. I was uploading a bunch of files to my server, and then, prior to them all finishing, I edited one of those files. How can I update the file on the server to the file on my local computer? \nBonus points if you tell me how I can link the file on my local computer to auto update on the server when I connect (if possible of course)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2518,"Q_Id":25265148,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know your local computer OS, but if it is Linux or OSX, you can consider LFTP. This is an FTP client which supports SFTP:\/\/. This client has the \"mirror\" functionality. With a single command you can mirror your local files against a server. \nNote: what you need is a reverse mirror. in LFTP this is mirror -r","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssh","A_Id":25265274,"CreationDate":"2014-08-12T13:08:00.000","Title":"update file on ssh and link to local computer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a web crawler, but I have a problem with function which recursively calls links.\nLet's suppose I have a page: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stirling_numbers_of_the_second_kind.\nI am looking for all links, and then open each link recursively, downloading again all links etc.\nThe problem is, that some links, although have different urls, drive to the same page, for example:\nhttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stirling_numbers_of_the_second_kind#mw-navigation\ngives the same page as the previous link.\nAnd I have an infinite loop. \nIs any possibility to check if two links drive to the same page without comparing the all content of this pages?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52,"Q_Id":25275654,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can store the hash of the content of pages previously seen and check if the page has already been seen before continuing.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,url,web-crawler,urllib2","A_Id":25275720,"CreationDate":"2014-08-12T23:19:00.000","Title":"Predict if sites returns the same content","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a bit of a problem with the ftplib from python. It seems that it uses, per default, two connections (one for sending commands, one for datatransfer?). However my ftpserver only accepts one connection at any given time. Since the only file that needs to be transfered is only about 1 MB large, the reasoning of being able to abort inflight commands does not apply here.\nPreviously the same job was done by the windows commandline ftp client. So I could just call this client from python, but I would really prefer a complete python solution.\nIs there a way to tell ftplib, that it should limit itself to a single connection? In filezilla I'm able to \"limit the maximum number of simultanious connections\", ideally I would like to reproduce this functionality.\nThanks for your help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":691,"Q_Id":25302979,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It seems that it uses, per default, two connections (one for sending commands, one for datatransfer?).\n\nThat's how ftp works. You have a control connection (usually port 21) for commands and a data connection for data transfer, file listing etc and a dynamic port.\n\nHowever my ftpserver only accepts one connection at any given time.\n\nftpserver might have a limit for multiple control connections, but it must still accept data connections. Could you please show from tcpdump, wireshark, logfiles etc why you think multiple connections are the problem?\n\nIn filezilla I'm able to \"limit the maximum number of simultanious connections\"\n\nThis is for the number of control connections only. Does it work with filezilla? Because I doubt that ftplib opens multiple control connections.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ftp,ftplib","A_Id":25303266,"CreationDate":"2014-08-14T08:04:00.000","Title":"python ftpclient limit connections","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written an application in Python 2.7 and I'm using UDP sockets to implement networking capabilities. Though my application is not a game, I would consider it a game for networking purposes because the screen is redrawn 60 times per second.\nI do not need extreme precision, so I don't need to send a ton of packets per second, but the way I have implemented networking causes fellow users to look \"choppy\" if there aren't a fair amount of packets sent per second.\nAfter some research and fiddling, I've decided to send one packet every 50 milliseconds. This makes the other users look fairly \"smooth\" for a while, but after about a minute they get more and more choppy, eventually to the point of no updates happening.\nHow am I supposed to implement networking like the networking done in video games? It seems like I am fundamentally missing something.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":769,"Q_Id":25334643,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It looks to me that the network is getting congested, transmitting old packets that got into the routers' queues and dropping the new packets.\nProgramming UDP is something of a black art \u2014 it requires reacting to network congestion when needed, and slowing down your sending rate.  A simple solution would be to have the receiver send a periodic summary of received packets (say, once per RTT), and reduce your sending rate when you're seeing too many losses.  Ideally, you'd combine that with a precise RTT estimator and reduce your sending rate preemptively when the RTT suddenly increases.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,udp,frame-rate","A_Id":26517593,"CreationDate":"2014-08-15T21:43:00.000","Title":"How often should UDP packets be sent?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the following code to click a button on a page but the XPath keeps changing so the code keeps breaking:\nmydriver.find_element_by_xpath(\"html\/body\/div[2]\/div[3]\/div[1]\/div\/div[2]\/div[2]\/div[4]\/div\/form[2]\/span\/span\/input\").click()\nIs there a better way I should be doing this? Here is the code for the button I am trying to click:\n<input class=\"a-button-input\" type=\"submit\" title=\"Button 2\" name=\"submit.button2-click.x\" value=\"Button 2 Click\"\/>","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":531,"Q_Id":25355287,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'd use findelement(by.name(\" submit.button2-click.x\")).click() or use find element(by.cssSelector(\"selector \")).click()","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":25355323,"CreationDate":"2014-08-18T01:36:00.000","Title":"Python - Issues with selenium button click using XPath","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I made a local GUI which requires the users to enter their usernames and passwords. Once they click submit, I want to have a pop out window which directs them to a website with their personal information through POST, which requires a request. I know that there is webbroswer.open() to open a website, but it doesn't take any requests, how would I be able to do what I want it to do? I am using django 1.6 and python 2.7","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2534,"Q_Id":25368199,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Solution #1)\nskip all this and see Rjzheng's link below -- it's much simpler.\nSolution #2) \nSince webbrowser.open() doesn't take POST args:\n1) write a javascript page which accepts args via GET, then does an Ajax POST\n2) have webbbrowser.open() open URL from step #1\nNot glamorous, but it'll work :)\nBe careful with security, you don't want to expose someone's password in the GET URL!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,post,browser","A_Id":25370027,"CreationDate":"2014-08-18T16:48:00.000","Title":"How to use webbrowser.open() with request in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am looking for a recipe for writing and reading the raw data generated by a requests transaction from files rather than a socket. By \"raw data\" I mean the bytes just before they are written to or read from the underlying socket. I've tried:\n\nUsing \"hooks\". This seems to be mostly deprecated as the only remaining hook is \"response\".\nmount()ing a custom Adapter. Some aggressive duck-typing here provides access to the underlying httplib.HTTPConnection objects, but the call stack down there is complicated and quite brittle.\n\nThe final solution does not need to be general-purpose as I am only interested in vanilla HTTP functionality. I won't be streaming or using the edgier parts of the protocol.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":107,"Q_Id":25396421,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Spawn a thread (import threading).  Run an HTTP server in there.  You can generate a unique port on demand by socket.socket().bind(0).  In the HTTP server, just write the incoming data to a file (perhaps named by timestamp and incoming port number).  Then send your requests there.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,python-requests","A_Id":25396973,"CreationDate":"2014-08-20T03:48:00.000","Title":"Perofrming a python-requests Request\/Reponse transaction using files rather than a socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I decided to use social media benefits on my page and currently I'm implementing Google+ Sign-In. \nOne of the pages on my website should be accessible for logged in users only (adding stuff to the page). I am logging user to website via JavaScript.\nI'm aware that javascript is executed on client-side but I am curious is it possible to restrict access to the certain page using only javascript.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":25412094,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You cannot perform reliable access control using only client-side javascript.\nThis is because since the javascript is executed on the user's browser, the user will be able to bypass any access control rule you've set there.\nYou must perform your access control on server-side, in your case in Python code.\nGenerally, people also perform some kind of access control check on the client side, not to prevent access, but for example to hide\/disable buttons that the user cannot use.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,google-app-engine,google-plus,google-signin","A_Id":25419890,"CreationDate":"2014-08-20T18:39:00.000","Title":"Google+ Sign-In - Page accessible for logged in users only","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How to structure GET 'review link' request from Vimeo API?\nNew to python and assume others might benefit from my ignorance. \nI'm simply trying to upload via the new vimeo api and return a 'review link'. \nAre there current examples of the vimeo-api in python? I've read the documentation and can upload perfectly fine. However, when it comes to the http GET I can't seem to figure it out. Im using python2.7.5 and have tried requests library. Im ready to give up and just go back to PHP because its documented so much better. \nAny python programmers out there familiar?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":435,"Q_Id":25464255,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"EDIT:  Since this was written the vimeo.py library was rebuilt.  This is now as simple as taking the API URI and requesting  vc.get('\/videos\/105113459') and looking for the review link in the response.\nThe original:\nIf you know the API URL you want to retrieve this for, you can convert it into a vimeo.py call by replacing the slashes with dots.  The issue with this is that in Python attributes (things separated by the dots), are syntax errors.\nWith our original rule, if you wanted to see \/videos\/105113459 in the python library you would do vc.videos.105113459() (if you had vc = vimeo.VimeoClient(<your token and app data>)).\nTo resolve this you can instead use python's getattr() built-in function to retrieve this.  In the end you use getattr(vc.videos, '105113459')() and it will return the result of GET \/videos\/105113459.\nI know it's a bit complicated, but rest assured there are improvements that we're working on to eliminate this common workaround.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,vimeo,vimeo-api","A_Id":25668644,"CreationDate":"2014-08-23T16:56:00.000","Title":"How to structure get 'review link' request from Vimeo API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Wasn't able to find anything in the docs\/SO relating to my question.\nSo basically I'm crawling a website with 8 or so subdomains\nThey are all using Akamai\/CDN.\nMy question is if I can find Ips of a few different Akamai data centres can, I somehow explicitly say this subdomain should use this ip for the host name etc.. So basically override the auto dns resolving...\nAs this would allow greater efficiency and I would imagine less likely to be throttled as I'd be distributing the crawling.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":953,"Q_Id":25521837,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can just set your DNS names manually in your hosts file. On windows this can be found at C:\\Windows\\System32\\Drivers\\etc\\hosts and on Linux in \/etc\/hosts","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":25521907,"CreationDate":"2014-08-27T07:59:00.000","Title":"Scrapy - use multiple IP Addresses for a host","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I used pip to install all python packages, and the path is:\n PYTHONPATH=\"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages\"\nI found all the packages I tried to install were installed under this path, but when I tried to import them, it always said module not found.\nMacBook-Air:~ User$ pip install tweepy\nRequirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): tweepy in \/usr\/local\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages\nimport tweepy\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"\", line 1, in \nImportError: No module named tweepy\nI tried with tweepy, httplib2, oauth and some others, none of these can work.\nCan anyone tell how can I solve this problem?\nThanks!!!!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":770,"Q_Id":25535192,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Feel like comment has too many things..\nSo as @Zahir Jacobs said, this problem is because pip is installing all packages in different path. After I moved all the packages to $which python path, I can import these modules now.\nBut the following question is, if I still want to use pip installation in the future, I have to move it by manually again. is there anyway to change the path for pip? \nI tried to move pip package, but it returned:\nMacBook-Air:~ User$ pip install tweepy\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"\/usr\/local\/bin\/pip\", line 5, in \n    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point\nImportError: No module named pkg_resources","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,module,pip","A_Id":25537762,"CreationDate":"2014-08-27T19:11:00.000","Title":"Python2.7 package installed in right path but not found","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm wondering what the advantages\/disadvantages of one over the other are?\nI'm running against Selenium Server on a headless remote instance with Xvfb acting as the display.\nBoth methods work fine and the resulting screen capture file (if I convert the base64 one and save it as an image file) are identical file size and look identical.\nSo why would I want to use\/not use one over the other?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3273,"Q_Id":25565737,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"With the get_screenshot_as_file, the screenshot get saves into a binary file, while with get_screenshot_as_base64 this will return you base64 encoded version of that screenshot.\nSo, why would anyone use the base64 version? The whole idea behind base64 is that it allows you to create ASCII representation of binary data, which will increase the data size but will also allow you to actually work with it. For example if you've tried to send over a stream of binary data to a socket, without encoding it then unless server was prepared to handle binary data, the result is hard to predict.\nAs a result of that the data transferred may be malformed, cut the transfer early and cause many other results that are almost impossible to predict. For example if you were to run a very simple socket server that just prints out everything as it receives to std::out, receiving a binary file would most likely corrupt your console terminal (you can try it on your very own Linux box). \nOf course if the server is designed to receive and handle binary data then this will not be an issue, but most often the server-end will interpret user input as string which makes using base64 a wise choice.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,screenshot,xvfb","A_Id":25566080,"CreationDate":"2014-08-29T09:46:00.000","Title":"Selenium get_screenshot_as_file vs get_screenshot_as_base64?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been tasked with creating a cookie audit tool that crawls the entire website and gathers data on all cookies on the page and categorizes them according to whether they follow user data or not. I'm new to Python but I think this will be a great project for me, would beautifulsoup be a suitable tool for the job? We have tons of sites and are currently migrating to Drupal so it would have to be able to scan Polopoly CMS and Drupal.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4870,"Q_Id":25565774,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I don't think you need BeautifulSoup for this. You could do this with urllib2 for connection and cookielib for operations on cookies.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,drupal,cookies,web-crawler","A_Id":25565899,"CreationDate":"2014-08-29T09:48:00.000","Title":"BeautifulSoup crawling cookies","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How to obtain the public ip address of the current EC2 instance  in python ?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7397,"Q_Id":25589259,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"If you are already using boto you can also use the boto.utils.get_instance_metadata function.  This makes the call to the metadata server, gathers all of the metadata and returns it as a Python dictionary.  It also handles retries.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,boto","A_Id":25592181,"CreationDate":"2014-08-31T05:41:00.000","Title":"How to get the public ip of current ec2 instance in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically I need a way to check my internet connectivity in a sense. I've been having trouble with my net dropping out randomly and know it's not my end. But the ISP wants a little more proof. Basically I need something that can check latency and if its connecting at all on roughly an hourly basis and recording this information to a text file that I can view (and read back to them when I call them up next.) I was originally thinking of using python but my python is dodgy at best. But if another way is easier (either using a different scripting language or some program) I'm happy to use that as well.\nEDIT: I'm not sure if that was clear so I'll summarize. It needs to ping, then record the response and the time it was pinged in a text document in a readable way. It must ping roughly every hour.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":166,"Q_Id":25599932,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could just redirect constant ping results to a txt file. from command prompt (as admin)  ping (address) -t >log.txt","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,scripting","A_Id":25599980,"CreationDate":"2014-09-01T06:24:00.000","Title":"In need of a way to ping a specific IP address and record the time of each ping aswell as the result","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically I need a way to check my internet connectivity in a sense. I've been having trouble with my net dropping out randomly and know it's not my end. But the ISP wants a little more proof. Basically I need something that can check latency and if its connecting at all on roughly an hourly basis and recording this information to a text file that I can view (and read back to them when I call them up next.) I was originally thinking of using python but my python is dodgy at best. But if another way is easier (either using a different scripting language or some program) I'm happy to use that as well.\nEDIT: I'm not sure if that was clear so I'll summarize. It needs to ping, then record the response and the time it was pinged in a text document in a readable way. It must ping roughly every hour.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":166,"Q_Id":25599932,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you mean associate time with the pings - you could write it as a batch file where you called the time (with a \/T so it doesn't ask for input) and does a ping (don't add the -t there so it runs just the standard 4) and then loops.  Or you could consider running a tracert (in a loop) which would give a longer but more meaningful output as to whether the failure might be happening (Maybe you're getting out past your router but not getitng DNS, that type of thing).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,scripting","A_Id":25600187,"CreationDate":"2014-09-01T06:24:00.000","Title":"In need of a way to ping a specific IP address and record the time of each ping aswell as the result","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Recently, I made a code that connect to work station with different usernames (thanks to a private key) based on paramiko.\nI never had any issues with it, but today, I have that : SSHException: Error reading SSH protocol banner\nThis is strange because it happens randomly on any connections. Is there any way to fix it ?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":118288,"Q_Id":25609153,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well, I was also getting this with one of the juniper devices. The timeout didn't help at all. When I used pyex with this, it created multiple ssh\/netconf sessions with juniper box. Once I changed the \"set system services ssh connection-limit 10\" From 5, it started working.","Q_Score":77,"Tags":"python,paramiko","A_Id":71871218,"CreationDate":"2014-09-01T15:36:00.000","Title":"Paramiko : Error reading SSH protocol banner","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Recently, I made a code that connect to work station with different usernames (thanks to a private key) based on paramiko.\nI never had any issues with it, but today, I have that : SSHException: Error reading SSH protocol banner\nThis is strange because it happens randomly on any connections. Is there any way to fix it ?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0855049882,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":118288,"Q_Id":25609153,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"paramiko seems to raise this error when I pass a non-existent filename to kwargs>key_filename. I'm sure there are other situations where this exception is raised nonsensically.","Q_Score":77,"Tags":"python,paramiko","A_Id":68010453,"CreationDate":"2014-09-01T15:36:00.000","Title":"Paramiko : Error reading SSH protocol banner","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to take a screenshot of a particular given dom element including the area inside scroll region. \nI tried to take a screen shot of entire web page using selenium and crop the image using Python Imaging Library with the dimensions given by selenium. But I couldnt figure out a way to capture the are under scroll region.\nfor example I have a class element container in my page and it is height is dynamic based on the content. I need to take screenshot of it entirely. but the resulting image skips the region inside scrollbar and the cropped image results with just the scroll bar in it\nIs there any way to do this? Solution using selenium is preferable, if it cannot be done with selenium alternate solution will also do.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1055,"Q_Id":25643996,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can scrool with driver.execute_script method and then take a screenshot.\nI scroll some modal windowns this way with jQuery:   \ndriver.execute_script(\"$('.ui-window-wrap:visible').scrollTop(document.body.scrollHeight);\")","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,screenshot,python-imaging-library","A_Id":25644516,"CreationDate":"2014-09-03T12:12:00.000","Title":"Taking screenshot of particular div element including the area inside scroll region using selenium and python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My problem is that I want to create a data base of all of the questions, answers, and most importantly, the tags, from a certain (somewhat small) Stack Exchange. The relationships among tags (e.g. tags more often used together have a strong relation) could reveal a lot about the structure of the community and popularity or interest in certain sub fields.\nSo, what is the easiest way to go through a list of questions (that are positively ranked) and extract the tag information using Python?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":191,"Q_Id":25644432,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Visit the site to find the URL that shows the information you want, then look at the page source to see how it has been formatted.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tags,extract","A_Id":25644601,"CreationDate":"2014-09-03T12:32:00.000","Title":"How to scrape tag information from questions on Stack Exchange","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am needing to use the ENTER key in Safari. Turns out Webdriver does not have the Interactions API in the Safari driver. I saw some code from a question about this with a java solution using Robot, and was wondering if there is a purely Python way to do a similar thing.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":25694785,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Darth,\nMac osascript has libraries for Python. Be sure to 'import os' to gain access to the Mac osascript functionality.\nHere is the command that I am using:\n\n        cmd = \"\"\"\nosascript -e 'tell application \"System Events\" to keystroke return' \n\"\"\"\n        os.system(cmd)\n\nThis does a brute force return. If you're trying to interact with system resources such as a Finder dialog, or something like that, make sure you give it time to appear and go away once you interact with it. You can find out what windows are active (as well as setting Safari or other browsers 'active', if it hasn't come back to front) using Webdriver \/ Python.\nAnother thing that I have to do is to use a return call after clicking on buttons within Safari. Clicks are a little busted, so I will click on something to select it (Webdriver gets that far), then do an osascript 'return' to commit the click.\nI hope this helps.\nBest wishes,\n-Vek\nIf this answer appears on ANY other site than stackoverflow.com, it is without my authorization and should be reported","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,safari,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":26345400,"CreationDate":"2014-09-05T22:24:00.000","Title":"Getting Around Webdriver's Lack of Interactions API in Safari","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any method to return the SOAP Request XML before triggering a call to SOAP method in Suds library?\nThe client.last_sent() returns request XML after triggered the call. But I want to see before triggering the call.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":219,"Q_Id":25697623,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes this is possible and seems to be used in different \"fixer\" implementations to take care of buggy servers. Basically you should write a MessagePlugin and implement the sending method.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,soap,suds","A_Id":27094874,"CreationDate":"2014-09-06T06:45:00.000","Title":"Request XML from SUDS python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an external server that I can SSH into. It runs bots on reddit.\nWhenever I close the terminal window the bot is running in, the process stops, which means the bot stops as well.\nI've tried using \nnohup python mybot.py \nbut it doesn't work - when I close the window and check the processes (ps -e), python does not show up. Are there any alternatives to nohup? Ideally, that print the output to the terminal, instead of an external file.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":45,"Q_Id":25731886,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Have you considered using tmux\/screen? They have lots of features and can help you detach a terminal and re-attach to it at a later date without disrupting the running process.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssh","A_Id":25732718,"CreationDate":"2014-09-08T19:40:00.000","Title":"Keeping a program going on an external server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to build a server which can connect to the chrom browser (The browser need to be a client) in TCP protocol, and get from the browser some URL and check if the file it recieved exist in my computer. This code below is work only I use a regular client that I build, and not a browser client.\nMy question is: How and where do I can send data from the client browser to the server? How do I connect to the browser from the server?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":381,"Q_Id":25747431,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In order to connect the browser to the server (your app ) your url should look like this\n127.0.0.1:12397 . i am just not sure how are you planning to send the GET request , but now the request will be intercepted by your app ONCE SENT.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,client","A_Id":25748541,"CreationDate":"2014-09-09T14:38:00.000","Title":"Using the browser as a client in python sockets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Python to send mass emails. It seems that I send too many and too fast that I am getting SMTPRecipientsRefused(senderrs) errors. \nI used \n\nserver = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)\nserver.starttls()\n\nAny ideas? Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":361,"Q_Id":25778029,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It turns out that I was sending to empty recepients.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,smtp","A_Id":25808100,"CreationDate":"2014-09-11T02:20:00.000","Title":"Getting SMTPRecipientsRefused(senderrs) because of sending too many?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to create a python application that can continuously receive data from a webserver. This python application will be running on multiple personal computers, and whenever new data is available it will receive it. I realize that I can do this either by long polling or web sockets, but the problem is that sometimes data won't be transferred for days and in that case long polling or websockets seem to be inefficient. I won't be needing that long of a connection but whenever data is available I need to be able to push it to the application. I have been reading about webhooks and it seems that if I can have a url to post that data to, I won't need to poll. But I am confused as to how each client would have a callback url because in that case a client would have to act as a server. Are there any libraries that help in getting this done? Any kind of resources that you can point me to would be really helpful!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":191,"Q_Id":25797494,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no way to send data to the client without having some kind of connection, e.g. either websockets or (long) polling done by the client. While it would be possible in theory to open a listener socket on the client and let the web server could connect to and sent the data to this socket, this will not work in reality. The main reason for thi is, that the client is often inside an internal network not reachable from outside, i.e. a typical home setup with multiple computers behind a single IP or a corporate setup with a firewall in between. In this case it is only possible to establish a connection from inside to outside, but not the other way.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,real-time,long-polling,webhooks","A_Id":25800249,"CreationDate":"2014-09-11T21:48:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to implement webhooks on regular clients?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i'm writing a script that puts a large number of xml files into mongodb, thus when i execute the script multiple times the same object is added many times to the same collection.\nI checked out for a way to stop this behavior by checkinng the existance of the object before adding it, but can't find a way.\nhelp!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":491,"Q_Id":25807271,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can index on one or more fields(not _id) of the document\/xml structure. Then make use of find operator to check if a document containing that indexed_field:value is present in the collection. If it returns nothing then you can insert new documents into your collection. This will ensure only new docs are inserted when you re-run the script.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mongodb,pymongo,upsert","A_Id":25807361,"CreationDate":"2014-09-12T11:28:00.000","Title":"add if no duplicate in collection mongodb python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently searching for the best solution + environment for a problem I have. I'm simplifying the problem a bit, but basically: \n\nI have a huge number of small files uploaded to Amazon S3.\nI have a rule system that matches any input across all file content (including file names) and then outputs a verdict classifying each file. NOTE: I cannot combine the input files because I need an output for each input file.\n\nI've reached the conclusion that Amazon EMR with MapReduce is not a good solution for this. I'm looking for a big data solution that is good at processing a large number of input files and performing a rule matching operation on the files, outputting a verdict per file. Probably will have to use ec2.\nEDIT: clarified 2 above","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":148,"Q_Id":25818198,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Problem with Hadoop is when you get a very large number of files that you do not combine with CombineFileInput format, it makes the job less efficient.\nSpark doesnt seem to have a problem with this though, Ive had jobs run without problems with 10s of 1000s of files and output 10s of 1000s of files. Not tried to really push the limits, not sure if there even is one!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-ec2,bigdata,amazon-sqs","A_Id":25824846,"CreationDate":"2014-09-12T23:14:00.000","Title":"What big data solution can I use to process a huge number of input files?","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I created a graph in Networkx by importing edge information in through nx.read_edgelist(). This all works fine and the graph loads. \nThe problem is when I print the neighbors of a node, I get the following for example... \n[u'own', u'record', u'spending', u'companies', u'back', u'shares', u'their', u'amounts', u'are', u'buying']\nThis happens for all calls to the nodes and edges of the graph. It is obviously not changing the names of the nodes seeing as it is outside of the quotations. \nCan someone advise me how to get rid of these 'u's when printing out the graph nodes.\nI am a Python novice and I'm sure it is something very obvious and easy.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":539,"Q_Id":25872043,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You don't need to get rid of them, they don't do anything other than specify the encoding type. This can be helpful sometimes, but I can't think of a time when it isn't helpful.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,graph,networkx","A_Id":25872307,"CreationDate":"2014-09-16T14:54:00.000","Title":"Networkx appends 'u' before node names after reading in from an edge list. How to get rid?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a \/64 IP subnet, I need to subnet that \/64 and I need to get 100 \/126 ip subnets from it. I am trying to use Python netaddr library to do it. Can anyone help?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":520,"Q_Id":25902674,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You do not want to break a \/64 into smaller networks. See RFC 5375, IPv6 Unicast Address Assignment Considerations, \"Using a subnet prefix length other than a \/64 will break many features of IPv6...\"\nRFC 6164, Using 127-Bit IPv6 Prefixes on Inter-Router Links, allows for \/127 point-to-point links, \"Routers MUST support the assignment of \/127 prefixes on point-to-point inter-router links.\"\nAnd, of course you are allowed to us \/128 for loppback addresses.\nAll that said, you should only take a single \/127 or \/128 out of a \/64. Subdividing a \/64 into multiple subnets is unnecessary and just asking for trouble.  We need to change our mindsets from IPv4 scarcity to IPv6 plenty since there is no problems getting as many \/64 blocks as you need; anyone can request and get a \/48 which is 65536 \/64 networks.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,python-3.x,ipv6,subnet","A_Id":25939078,"CreationDate":"2014-09-18T01:11:00.000","Title":"Subnet IPv6 subnet \/64 into \/126 using python netaddr library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my project, I have bridged C++ module with python using plain (windows) sockets with proto buffer as serializing\/ de-serializing mechanism. Below are requirements of this project:-\n1) C++ module will have 2 channels. Through one it will accept request and send appropriate reply to python module. Through other it will send updates which it gets from backend to python side.\n2) Today we are proposing it for 100 users ( i.e request\/reply for 100 users + updates with each messages around 50 bytes ).\nBut I want to make sure it works fine later even with 100 K users. Also, I am planning to use ZMQ with this but I don't know much about its performance \/ latency \/ bottlenecks. \nCan anyone please suggest me if its appropriate choice OR are there better tools available.\nThanks in advance for you advice.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":114,"Q_Id":25904218,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Instead of doing IPC you can simply call Python from C++.  You can do this either using the Python C API, or perhaps easier for some people, Boost.Python.  This is referred to as \"embedding\" Python within your application, and it will allow you to directly invoke functions and pass data around without undue copying between processes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,c++","A_Id":25904243,"CreationDate":"2014-09-18T04:32:00.000","Title":"C++ and python communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an existing chat socket server built on top of twisted's NetstringReceiver class. There exist Android\/iOS clients that work with it fine. Apparently web sockets use a different protocol and so it is unable to connect to my server.\nDoes a different chat server need to be written to support web sockets?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":151,"Q_Id":25921478,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"\u201cYes.\u201d\nIf you'd like a more thorough answer, you'll have to include more information in your question.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,websocket,twisted","A_Id":25923833,"CreationDate":"2014-09-18T20:08:00.000","Title":"do i need to rewrite my twisted chat server if i want to support web sockets?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Say, If I am hosting a website say www.mydomain.com on EC2 instance then apache would be running on port 80. Now If I want to host a RESTful API (say mydomain.com\/MyAPI)  using a python script(web.py module). How can I do that? Wouldn't running a python script cause a port conflict?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":607,"Q_Id":25949382,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"No. \nApache is your doorman.  Your python script are the workers inside the building.  The public comes to the door and talks to the doorman.  The doorman hands everything to the workers inside the building, and when the work is done, hands it back to the appropriate person.\nApache manages the coming and going of individual TCP\/IP messages, and delegates the work that each request needs to do to your script.  If the request asks for the API it hands it to the api script; if the request asks for the website it hands it to the website script.  Your script passes back the response to apache, which handles the job of giving it to the client over port 80.\nAs @Lafada comments: you can have a backdoor\u2014another port\u2014but apache is still the doorman.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-services,api,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2","A_Id":25949451,"CreationDate":"2014-09-20T13:39:00.000","Title":"Amazon AWS EC2 : How to host an API and a website on EC2 instance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can you search Instagram by hashtag and filter it by searching again using its location?\nI checked the Instagram API, but I don't see a solution.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1078,"Q_Id":25957739,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If u can't find ready solution for this in api, try to search by location first.\nAs u receive location search results, you can manually filter them by hashtags.\nThe idea is that every photo has tags and location attributes you can filter by. But everything depends on your specific task here.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,geolocation,instagram,hashtag","A_Id":26262484,"CreationDate":"2014-09-21T09:24:00.000","Title":"Search hashtag in instagram then filter by location","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"One of the Scrapy spiders (version 0.21) I'm running isn't pulling all the items I'm trying to scrape.\nThe stats show that 283 items were pulled, but I'm expecting well above 300 here. I suspect that some of the links on the site are duplicates, as the logs show the first duplicate request, but I'd like to know exactly how many duplicates were filtered so I'd have more conclusive proof. Preferably in the form of an additional stat at the end of the crawl.\nI know that the latest version of Scrapy already does this, but I'm kinda stuck with 0.21 at the moment and I can't see any way to replicate that functionality with what I've got. There doesn't seem to be a signal emitted when a duplicate url is filtered, and DUPEFILTER_DEBUG doesn't seem to work either. \nAny ideas on how I can get what I need?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108,"Q_Id":25965606,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can maintain a list of urls that u have crawled , whenever you came across a url that is already in the list you can log it and increment a counter.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":25967819,"CreationDate":"2014-09-22T01:33:00.000","Title":"Display the number of duplicate requests filtered in the post-crawler stats","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering if in an xml file I could launch a python file and based on what python returns run different parts of the xml code.\nSomething like\nIN THE XML FILE:\n\nrun the python file\nif the file retuns A, run the A code of this XML file\nelse run the B code of this XML file\n\nthanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":633,"Q_Id":26076796,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"An XML file can't run a python script since XML is a descriptive language used to represent data.\nHowever you can do the opposite, that's to say, use python to read the XML file and do something.\nBy the way when you say \"run the A code of this XML file\", i'm not sure you're doing it right, since XML is not supposed to contain \"active code\".","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":26076987,"CreationDate":"2014-09-27T16:33:00.000","Title":"launch python file from an xml file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have stack overflow data dump file in .xml format,nearly 27GB and I want to convert them in .csv file. Please somebody tell me, tools to convert xml to csv file or python program","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":704,"Q_Id":26081880,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use one of the python xml modules to parse the .xml file.  Unless you have much more that 27GB ram, you will need to do this incrementally, so limit your choices accordingly.  Use the csv module to write the .csv file.\nYour real problem is this. Csv files are lines of fields. They represent a rectangular table.  Xml files, in general, can represent more complex structures: hierarchical databases, and\/or multiple tables.  So your real problem to to understand the data dump format well enough to extract records to write to the .csv file.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,data-dump","A_Id":26089798,"CreationDate":"2014-09-28T05:16:00.000","Title":"How to convert xml file of stack overflow dump to csv file","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"telnet\nserver \u2190\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192 device\n  \u2191\n  | SSH\n  \u2193\nlocalhost (me)\nI have a device that is connected with one server computer and I want to talk to the device by ssh'ing into the server computer and send telnet commands to my device. How do I setup things in Python to make this happen?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2315,"Q_Id":26112179,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use tunneling by setting up a SSH session that tunnels the Telnet traffic:\nSo ssh from localhost to server with the option -L xxx:deviceip:23\n(xxx is a free port on localhost, device is the IP address of \"device\", 23 is the telnet port).\nThen open a telnet session on your localhost to localhost:xxx. SSH will tunnel it to the device and response is sent back to you.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ssh,telnet,forwarding","A_Id":44082308,"CreationDate":"2014-09-30T03:11:00.000","Title":"How to run telnet over ssh in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"telnet\nserver \u2190\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192 device\n  \u2191\n  | SSH\n  \u2193\nlocalhost (me)\nI have a device that is connected with one server computer and I want to talk to the device by ssh'ing into the server computer and send telnet commands to my device. How do I setup things in Python to make this happen?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2315,"Q_Id":26112179,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can use Python's paramiko package to launch a program on the server via ssh.  That program would then in turn receive commands (perhaps via stdin) and return results (via stdout) from the controlling program.  So basically you'll use paramiko.SSHClient to connect to the server and run a second Python program which itself uses e.g. telnetlib to talk to the device.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ssh,telnet,forwarding","A_Id":26112392,"CreationDate":"2014-09-30T03:11:00.000","Title":"How to run telnet over ssh in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to remove null padding from UDP packets sent from a Linux computer. Currently it pads the size of the packet to 60 bytes.\nI am constructing a raw socket using AF_PACKET and SOCK_RAW. I created everything from the ethernet frame header, ip header (in which I specify a packet size of less than 60) and the udp packet itself.\nI send over a local network and the observed packet in wireshark has null padding.\nAny advice on how to overcome this issue?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1669,"Q_Id":26113419,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This is pretty much impossible without playing around with the Linux drivers. This isn't the best answer but it should guide anyone else looking to do this in the right direction.3\nType \nsudo ethtool -d eth0 \nto see if your driver has pad short packets enabled.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp,padding","A_Id":26326206,"CreationDate":"2014-09-30T05:33:00.000","Title":"Removing padding from UDP packets in python (Linux)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to write a simple Python script using Selenium to scrape information from a website but in collaboration with a (standing by) human user who at some point will provide information in the browser. \nHow do I get the following behaviour from the script:\nWait until the human user \n\nenters information (such as login details)\nsubmit the information\n\nthen (and only then) do something with the page loaded after human submission.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":151,"Q_Id":26133396,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Let's pretend, that it isn't a human user, who enters the information and submits it, but it all is done automatically with some delay. How would you handle it then? I guess, that you would wait for a certain element to appear or the page something. The same procedure does work with the human user, only wait times may be a bit longer.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":26134128,"CreationDate":"2014-10-01T02:53:00.000","Title":"Selenium to interact with human user to provide login information","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm wondering if it's possible to combine coverage.xml files into 1 file to see global report in HTML output.\nI've got my unit\/functional tests running as 1 command and integration tests as the second command. That means my coverage for unit\/functional tests are overridden by unit tests.\nThat would be great if I had some solution for that problem, mainly by combining those files into 1 file.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":19392,"Q_Id":26214055,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I had similar case where I had multiple packages and each of them had its tests and they were run using own testrunner. so I could combine all the coverage xml by following these steps.\n\nIndivisually generate the coverage report.\nYou would need to naviagte to each package and generate the report in that package. This would create .coverage file. You can also add [run]parallel=True in your .coveragerc to create coverage file appended with machine name and processid.\n\nAggregate all the reports.\nYou need to copy all the .coverage files to for these packages to a seaparte folder. You might want to run a batch or sh script to copy all the coverage files.\n\nRun combine.\nNow naviagte tp the folder when you have all the report files and then run coverage combine. This will delete all the coverage files and combine it to one .coverage file. Now you can run coverage html and coverage xml.","Q_Score":28,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,code-coverage,coverage.py,python-coverage","A_Id":63373136,"CreationDate":"2014-10-06T10:10:00.000","Title":"combine python coverage files?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to change your twitter password via the python-twitter API or the twitter API in general? I have looked around but can't seem to find this information...","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1863,"Q_Id":26224243,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Fortunately not!  Passwords are very confidential information which only Twitter itself wants to handle.\n\nThink about a third-party developer suggesting to change your Twitter password:\n\nwould you trust them and let them see your new password?\nhow could you make sure they are really going to set your new password and not another one?","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,twitter,python-twitter","A_Id":26224375,"CreationDate":"2014-10-06T20:21:00.000","Title":"Password Change with the Twitter API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to send a string from the windows to the linux vmware on the same machine.\nI did the following:\n- opened a socket on 127.0.0.1 port 50000 on the linux machine and reading the socket in a while loop. My programming language is python 2.7\n- send a command using nc ( netcat ) on 127.0.0.1 port 50000 from the windows machine ( using cygwin ).\nHowever, I dont receive any command on the linux machine although the command sent through windows \/cygwin is successful.\nI am using NAT ( sharing the hosts IP address ) on the VMWARE Machine.\nWhere could be the problem?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2245,"Q_Id":26232798,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When you use NAT, the host machine has no way to directly contact the client machine. All you can do is usign port forwarding to tell vmware that all traffic directed to the designated ports on the host is to be delivered to the client. It is intended to install a server on the client machine that can be accessed from  outside the host machine.\nIf you want to test network operation between the host and the client, you should configure a host-only adapter on the client machine. It is a virtual network between the host and the client(s) machine(s) (more than one client can share same host-only network, of course with different addresses)\nI generally configure 2 network adapters on my client machines :\n\none NAT to give the client machine an access to the open world\non host-only to have a private network between host and clients and allow them to communicate with any protocol on any port\n\nYou can also use a bridged interface on the client. In this mode, the client machine has an address on same network than the external network of the host : it combines both previous modes","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,python-2.7,vmware","A_Id":26802000,"CreationDate":"2014-10-07T09:28:00.000","Title":"Send a string from windows to vmware-ubuntu over socket using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a java web application that needs to make use of a python script. The web application will give the script a file as input and take some text as output. \nI have two options:\n\nWrap the python script with HTTP and call it from the web application as a REST service\nSimply execute command line from the web application\n\nWhich option should I take and why? This script won't be used by any other application.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":663,"Q_Id":26235884,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would personally recommend wrapping the Python code in an HTTP layer and turning it into a REST web service. I don't doubt that many successful applications have been written by calling scripts from the command line, but I think there are a couple things that are really nice when it comes to the freedoms of a web service. It definitely seems like putting the Python app in a web service would be the more 'Service-oriented' way to do it, so it seems reasonable to expect that doing so would give you the typical benefits of SOA.\nThis may or may not apply to your situation, but if none of these considerations apply that seems to point towards this being a 'neither choice will be that bad' situation.\nThe biggest thing I see going for using the web service is scalability. If the command line application can chew up a lot of server resources, it would be good to have it running on a separate server from the web application. That way, other users who aren't using the part of the application that interacts with this Python app won't have their experience reduced when other users do things that cause the Python app to be called. Putting the Python code behind a web service would also make it easier to cluster. If it's a situation where you could get some benefit from caching, it would also be easy to take advantage of the caching mechanisms in HTTP and your proxy servers.\nAnother thing that might be nice is testability. There's a lot of good tools out there for testing the common cases of a web application talking to a web service, whereas thoroughly testing your applications when they're just calling command line applications might be a little more work.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,web-services,architecture","A_Id":28648892,"CreationDate":"2014-10-07T12:21:00.000","Title":"Execute the script in command line or in Rest client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a java web application that needs to make use of a python script. The web application will give the script a file as input and take some text as output. \nI have two options:\n\nWrap the python script with HTTP and call it from the web application as a REST service\nSimply execute command line from the web application\n\nWhich option should I take and why? This script won't be used by any other application.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":663,"Q_Id":26235884,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try both things but try to execute in command line to know the output line by line. \nyou can find any error in the line when that line will execute \nwhile at rest service it will return you an Http response.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,web-services,architecture","A_Id":26236230,"CreationDate":"2014-10-07T12:21:00.000","Title":"Execute the script in command line or in Rest client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to build a Python application that receives highly secure data, decrypts it, and processes & stores in a database. My server may be anywhere in the world so direct connection is not feasible. What is the safest\/smartest way to securely transmit data from one server to another (think government\/bank-level security). I know this is quite vague but part of the reason for that is to not limit the scope of answers received.\nBasically, if you were building an app between two banks (this has nothing to do with banks but just for reference), how would you securely transmit the data? \nSorry, I should also add SFTP probably will not cut it since this python app must fire when it is pinged from the other server with a secure data transmission.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":697,"Q_Id":26269514,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What is the safest\/smartest way to securely transmit data from one server to another (think government\/bank-level security)\n\nIt depends on your threat model, but intrasite VPN is sometimes used to tunnel traffic like this.\nIf you want to move up in the protocol stack, then mutual authentication with the client pinning the server's public key would be a good option.\nIn contrast, I used to perform security architecture work for a US investment bank. They did not use anything - they felt the leased line between data centers provided enough security.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssl,network-programming,network-security","A_Id":26291779,"CreationDate":"2014-10-09T02:50:00.000","Title":"Most secure server to server connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to build a Python application that receives highly secure data, decrypts it, and processes & stores in a database. My server may be anywhere in the world so direct connection is not feasible. What is the safest\/smartest way to securely transmit data from one server to another (think government\/bank-level security). I know this is quite vague but part of the reason for that is to not limit the scope of answers received.\nBasically, if you were building an app between two banks (this has nothing to do with banks but just for reference), how would you securely transmit the data? \nSorry, I should also add SFTP probably will not cut it since this python app must fire when it is pinged from the other server with a secure data transmission.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":697,"Q_Id":26269514,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Transmission and encryption need not happen together. You can get away with just about any delivery method, if you encrypt PROPERLY!\nEncrypting properly means using a large, randomly generated keys, using HMACs (INSIDE! the encryption) and checking for replay attacks. There may also be a denial of service attack, timing attacks and so forth; though these may also apply to any encrypted connection. Check for data coming in out of order, late, more than once. There is also the possibility (again, depending on the situation) that your \"packets\" will leak data (e.g. transaction volumes, etc).\nDO NOT, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, MAKE YOUR OWN ENCRYPTION SCHEME.\nI think that public key encryption would be worthwhile; that way if someone collects copies of the encrypted data, then attacks the sending server, they will not have the keys needed to decrypt the data.\nThere may be standards for your industry (e.g. banking industry), to which you need to conform.\nThere are VERY SERIOUS PITFALLS if you do not implement this sort of thing correctly. If you are running a bank, get a security professional.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssl,network-programming,network-security","A_Id":26269821,"CreationDate":"2014-10-09T02:50:00.000","Title":"Most secure server to server connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to build a Python application that receives highly secure data, decrypts it, and processes & stores in a database. My server may be anywhere in the world so direct connection is not feasible. What is the safest\/smartest way to securely transmit data from one server to another (think government\/bank-level security). I know this is quite vague but part of the reason for that is to not limit the scope of answers received.\nBasically, if you were building an app between two banks (this has nothing to do with banks but just for reference), how would you securely transmit the data? \nSorry, I should also add SFTP probably will not cut it since this python app must fire when it is pinged from the other server with a secure data transmission.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":697,"Q_Id":26269514,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are several details to be considered, and I guess the question is not detailed enough to provide a single straight answer. But yes, I agree, the VPN option is definitely a safe way to do it, provided you can set up a VPN.If not, the SFTP protocol (not FTPS) would be the next best choice, as it is PCI-DSS compliant (secure enough for banking) and HIPAA compliant (secure enough to transfer hospital records) and - unlike FTPS - the SFTP protocol is a subsystem of SSH and it only requires a single open TCP port on the server side (22).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssl,network-programming,network-security","A_Id":26320472,"CreationDate":"2014-10-09T02:50:00.000","Title":"Most secure server to server connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have built python with fips capable openssl, all things seem to be working fine but call to wrap_socketfails with the error \"Invalid SSL protocol variant specified\" when fips mode is enabled. This call succeeds when not in fips mode\nDebugging through the code it was found that the call to SSL_CTX_new(SSLv3_method() in _ssl.c is returning null in fips mode as a result of which the above mentioned error is occurring\nAny idea as to what might be causing this, is it possible that some non fips components are getting called ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":593,"Q_Id":26299460,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I dont think sslv3 is supported in FIPS mode. Try using SSLv23_server_method instead of SSLv3_method","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,openssl,fips","A_Id":26355082,"CreationDate":"2014-10-10T12:28:00.000","Title":"call to ssl.wrap_socket fails with the error Invalid SSL protocol variant specified","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a reliable method of sending data from multiple computers to one central computer that will receive all the data, process and analyse it. All computers will be on the same network.\nI will be sending text from the machines so ideally it will be a file that I need sending, maybe even an XML file so I can parse it into a database easily.\nThe main issue I have is I need to do this in near enough real-time. For example if an event happens on pc1, I need to be able to send that event plus any relevant information back to a central pc so it can be used and viewed almost immediately.\nThe plan is to write a python program that possibly acts as a sort of client that detects the event and sends it off to a server program on the central pc.\nDoes anyone have suggestions on a reliable way to send data from multiple computers to one central computer\/server all on the same network and preferably without going out onto the web.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":252,"Q_Id":26306159,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There are many possible solutions, but my recommendation is to solve this with a database.  I prefer MySQL since it is free and easy to setup.  It is immediate and you can avoid simultaneous update file locking problems because Innodb feature of MySQL automatically handles row locking.  It's actually easier to setup a database than to try to write your own solution using files or other communication mechanisms (unless you already have experience with other techniques).  Multiple computers is also not an issue and security is also built-in.\nJust setup your MySQL server and write a client application to update the data from multiple computer to your server.  Then you can write your server application to process the input and that program can reside on your MySQL server or any other computer.\nPython is an excellent programming language and provides full support through readily available modules for MySQL.  This solution is also scalable, because you can start with basic command line programs... then create desktop user interface with pyqt and later you could add web interfaces if you desire.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,windows,python-3.x","A_Id":26306346,"CreationDate":"2014-10-10T18:53:00.000","Title":"method of sending data from multiple computers too a central location in real-time using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a reliable method of sending data from multiple computers to one central computer that will receive all the data, process and analyse it. All computers will be on the same network.\nI will be sending text from the machines so ideally it will be a file that I need sending, maybe even an XML file so I can parse it into a database easily.\nThe main issue I have is I need to do this in near enough real-time. For example if an event happens on pc1, I need to be able to send that event plus any relevant information back to a central pc so it can be used and viewed almost immediately.\nThe plan is to write a python program that possibly acts as a sort of client that detects the event and sends it off to a server program on the central pc.\nDoes anyone have suggestions on a reliable way to send data from multiple computers to one central computer\/server all on the same network and preferably without going out onto the web.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":252,"Q_Id":26306159,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I assume you are working only on a secure lan, since you do not speak about security, but only low latency. In fact there are many solutions each with its advantages and drawbacks.\n\nSimple messages using UDP. Very low overhead on network, client and server. Drawback : in UDP you can never be sure that a message cannot be lost. Use case : small pieces of information that can be generated at any time with high frequency, and it is not important if one is lost\nMessages over a pre-established TCP connection. High overhead on server, client and network, because each client will establish and maintain a connection to the server, and the server will simultaneouly listen to all its clients. Drawback: need to reopen a connection if it breaks, server will have to multiplex io, you have to implement a protocol to separate messages. Use case : you cannot afford to loose any message, they must be sent as soon as possible and each client must serialize its own messages.\nMessages over TCP, each message will use its own connection. Medium overhead. Drawback : as a new connection is established per message, it may introduce a latency and overhead in high frequency events. Use case : low frequency events, but a single client PC may send simultaneously multiple messages","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,windows,python-3.x","A_Id":26308107,"CreationDate":"2014-10-10T18:53:00.000","Title":"method of sending data from multiple computers too a central location in real-time using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a reliable method of sending data from multiple computers to one central computer that will receive all the data, process and analyse it. All computers will be on the same network.\nI will be sending text from the machines so ideally it will be a file that I need sending, maybe even an XML file so I can parse it into a database easily.\nThe main issue I have is I need to do this in near enough real-time. For example if an event happens on pc1, I need to be able to send that event plus any relevant information back to a central pc so it can be used and viewed almost immediately.\nThe plan is to write a python program that possibly acts as a sort of client that detects the event and sends it off to a server program on the central pc.\nDoes anyone have suggestions on a reliable way to send data from multiple computers to one central computer\/server all on the same network and preferably without going out onto the web.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":252,"Q_Id":26306159,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Netcat over TCP for reliability, low overhead and simplicity.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,windows,python-3.x","A_Id":26306417,"CreationDate":"2014-10-10T18:53:00.000","Title":"method of sending data from multiple computers too a central location in real-time using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm building an installation that will run for several days and needs to get notifications from a GMail inbox in real time. The Gmail API is great for many of the features I need, so I'd like to use it. However, it has no IDLE command like IMAP. \nRight now I've created a GMail API implementation that polls the mailbox every couple of seconds. This works great, but times out after a while (I get \"connection reset by peer\"). So, is it reasonable to turn off the sesson and restart it every half an hour or so to keep it active (like with IDLE)? Is that a terrible, terrible hack that will have google busting down my door in the middle of the night?\nWould the proper solution be to log in with IMAP as well and use IDLE to notify my GMail API module to start up and pull in changes when they occur? Or should I just suck it up and create an IMAP only implementation?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1369,"Q_Id":26307256,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Would definitely recommend against IMAP, note that even with the IMAP IDLE command it isn't real time--it's just polling every few (5?) seconds under the covers and then pushing out to the connection.  (Experiment yourself and see the delay there.)\nQuerying history.list() frequently is quite cheap and should be fine.  If this is for a sizeable number of users you may want to do a little bit of optimization like intelligent backoff for inactive mailboxes (e.g. every time there's no updates backoff by an extra 5s up to some maximum like a minute or two)?\nGoogle will definitely not bust down your door or likely even notice unless you're doing it every second with 1M users.  :)\nReal push notifications for the API is definitely something that's called for.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,imap,long-polling,gmail-api","A_Id":26307963,"CreationDate":"2014-10-10T20:06:00.000","Title":"Long polling with GMail API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have created Python classes by an XML schema file using generateDS2.12a. I am using these classes to create XML files. My module works well with a Python\u00a02.7 environment.\nNow, due to some reason my environment is changed to Python 3.0.0. Now when I try to export the XML object it is throwing me following error:\n\nFunction : export(self, outfile, level, namespace_='', name_='rootTag', namespacedef_='', pretty_print=True)\n\n\nError : s1 = (isinstance(inStr, basestring) and inStr or\nNameError: global name 'basestring' is not defined\n\nIs there a change I need to do to export XML in Python 3.0.0 or a new version of GenerateDS to be used for Python 3.0.0?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":866,"Q_Id":26409544,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could run generateDS to get your Python file then run, e.g.,\n\"2to3 -w your_python_file.py\" to generate a Python\u00a03 version of your generateDS file.\nI'm went through the same process and I had luck with this. It looks to work just fine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,xml,python-generateds","A_Id":26551274,"CreationDate":"2014-10-16T16:36:00.000","Title":"What version of generateDS is to be used for Python 3.0.0?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"A Linkedin friend's full profile is not viewable without login to our Linkedin account. Is it possible to use cookie or any other alternative way without a browser to do that?\nAny tips are welcome!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":686,"Q_Id":26413483,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Thanks @Anzel, but related-profile-views API allows to read past profile view, but not trigger a new view (and therefore notify the user that I visited their profile programmatically). Unless I pop up a new window and load their profile, but then I'll need a browser to do it. Ideally I wanted to achieve it via backend, cURL and cookies, but it it's not as simple as it sounds.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,curl,network-programming,linkedin","A_Id":35821074,"CreationDate":"2014-10-16T20:37:00.000","Title":"How to use Python\/Curl to access LinkedIn and view a friend's full profile?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've created a websocket avatar chat application where a user is given an avatar and they can move around with this avatar and send messages.\nI want to design a login which connects to my database (already has several accounts stored). When a user has logged in with the correct details, I'd like for their username to be shown on a chatlog i.e. \"Damien has logged in\". Of course there'd be several more features I'd be able to finally work on when I implement the login with the application but I'm not sure how I can.\nI'm presuming it will involve adding perhaps a user array list in the room? The websocket server is created in python, client in html5 and javascript.\nAny suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":83,"Q_Id":26438022,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Cookie is available with websocket. Just login and store a session\/cookie for the user as normal. The you will know who it is.\nOr, just send the cookie as the first message after connecting.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,websocket","A_Id":26441656,"CreationDate":"2014-10-18T09:04:00.000","Title":"Creating login for a websocket application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to create a REST server of a python module\/API of a BCI, so that the application can be accessed on my Drupal website. Will I need to create and host the REST server on a python-based website or CMS, so that it can be accessed by my Drupal website, or is the api and rest server uploaded and hosted directly on my web hosting server? If so, what is the simplest python CMS that for creating a REST server for a python module\/API already available?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":141,"Q_Id":26444590,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The beauty of REST is precisely that it doesn't matter where your API is, as long as its accessible from your Drupal server, or from the client if you have a javascript API client.\nIf it's a simple application and you have admin access to your Drupal server, there's nothing preventing you from hosting the Python webservice side-by-side. They may even share the same HTTP Server, like Apache or Nginx, although depending on your demands on each one it might be better to keep them separate.\nIf you're new to Python, the Flask framework is a decent option to write a simple REST-like API interfacing with a Python module.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rest,content-management-system,hosting","A_Id":26446258,"CreationDate":"2014-10-18T21:09:00.000","Title":"Do rest servers need to be hosted on a website or CMS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My situation is : A server send a request to me, the request's contentType is 'text\/xml', and the request content is an xml. First I need to get the request content. But when I use 'web.input()' in 'POST' function, I couldn't get any message, the result just is ''. I know web.py can get form data from a request, so how I can get message from request when the contentType is 'text\/xml' in POST function. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":86,"Q_Id":26479903,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use web.data().","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web.py","A_Id":26498875,"CreationDate":"2014-10-21T06:04:00.000","Title":"web.py how to get message from request when the contentType is 'text\/xml'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I have a list of public IP addresses and I'd like to see if they are a public IP that is associated with our account.  I know that I can simply paste each IP into the search box in the AWS EC2 console.  However I would like to automate this process via a Python program.\nI'm told anything you can do in the console, you can do via CLI\/program, but which function do I use to simply either return a result or not, based on whether it's a public IP that's associated with our account?\nI understand I may have to do two searches, one of instances (which would cover non-EIP public IPs) and one of EIPs (which would cover disassociated EIPs that we still have).  \nBut how?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1555,"Q_Id":26493207,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Here's the method I have come up with:\nTo look up all IPs to see if they are EIPs associated with our AWS account\n\nGet a list of all our EIPs\nGet a list of all instances\nBuild list of all public IPs of instances\nMerge lists\/use same list\nCheck desired IPs against this list.\n\nComments welcome.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,boto","A_Id":26495168,"CreationDate":"2014-10-21T18:00:00.000","Title":"How to tell if my AWS account \"owns\" a given IP address in Python boto","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm having an issue with Ghost.py. The site I am trying to crawl has links for a paginated list that work with javascript, rather than direct hrefs. When I click the links, I can't really wait for selectors because the selectors are the same on each page, so ghost doesn't wait since the selector is already present. I can't assume I know what text will be on the next page, so waiting for text will not work. And waiting for page loaded won't work either. It's almost as though the javascript is not being executed.\nGhost.py seems to have minimal documentation (if you can call the examples on the website documentation) so it is really difficult to work out what I can do, and what tools are available to me. Can anybody with more experience help me out?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":565,"Q_Id":26493370,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I solved my problem. There is an optional parameter to the Ghost class' click() method called expect_loading and when set to true it sets an internal boolean self.loaded = False and then calls wait_for_page_loaded() which then works, I guess because of the loaded boolean.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,ghost.py","A_Id":26505780,"CreationDate":"2014-10-21T18:10:00.000","Title":"Ghost.py links through javascript","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to create a Kerberos ticket in Python if you know the username\/password?\nI have MIT Kerberos in place and I can do this interactively through KINIT but want to do it from Python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":9619,"Q_Id":26534348,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"From what i learned when working with kerberos (although in my work i used C) is that you can hardly replace KINIT. There are two ways you can simulate KINIT behaviour using programming and those are: Calling kinit shell command from python with the appropriate arguments or (as I did) calling one method that pretty much does everything:\nkrb5_get_init_creds_password(k5ctx, &cred, k5princ, password, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);\nSo this is a C primitive but you should find one for python(i assume) that will do the same. Basically this method will receive the kerberos session, a principal(built from the username) and the password. In order to fully replace KINIT behaviour you do need a bit more than this though(start session, build principal, etc). Sorry, since i did not work with python my answer may not be what you want but i hope i shed you some light. Feel free to ask any conceptual question about how kerberized-applications work.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,kerberos,mit-kerberos","A_Id":26548064,"CreationDate":"2014-10-23T17:57:00.000","Title":"How can I get a Kerberos ticket in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a survey that went out to 100 recipients via the built-in email collector. I am trying to design a solution in python that will show only the list of recipients (email addresses) who have not responded (neither \"Completed\" nor \"Partial\"). Is there any way to get this list via the SurveyMonkey API?\nOne possible solution is to store the original list of 100 recipients in my local database, get the list of recipients who have already responded using the get_respondent_list api, and then do a matching to find the people who have not responded. But I would prefer to not approach it this way since it involves storing the original  list of recipients locally.\nThanks for the help!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":165,"Q_Id":26596396,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is currently not a way to do this via the SurveyMonkey API - it sounds like your solution is the best way to do things.  \nI think your best bet is to go with your solution and email api-support@surveymonkey.com and ask them about the feasibility of adding this functionality in future.  It sounds like what you need is a get_collector_details method that returns specific details from a collector, which doesn't currently exist.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,email,automation,surveymonkey","A_Id":26597085,"CreationDate":"2014-10-27T20:37:00.000","Title":"Getting list of all recipients in an email collector for a survey via SurveyMonkey API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a web scraper in Scrapy that I call with scrapy crawl scrape_site and a twitter bot in Twython that I call with python twitter.py. I have all the proper files in a directory called ScrapeSite. When I execute these two commands on the command line while in the directory ScrapeSite they work properly.\nHowever, I would like to move the folder to a server and have a job run the two commands every fifteen minutes. I've looked into doing a cron job to do so, but the cronjobs are located in a different parent directory, and I can only call scrapy in a directory with Scrapy files (e.g. ScrapeSite). Can I make a cron job to run a file in the ScrapeSite directory that in turn can call the two commands at the proper level?\nHow can I programmatically execute command line commands at a different leveled directory at a certain time interval?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":190,"Q_Id":26621636,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use a cron job. This allows you to run a command line command at a time interval. You can combine commands with && and as a result can change directories with the normal bash command cd.\nSo in this case you can call cd \/directory\/folder && scrapy crawl scrape_site && python twitter.py\nTo run this every fifteen minutes make the cron job run like *\/15 * * * *\nSo the full cron job would look like *\/15 * * * * cd \/directory\/folder && scrapy crawl scrape_site && python twitter.py","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,command-line,cron,scrapy,twython","A_Id":26708022,"CreationDate":"2014-10-29T02:00:00.000","Title":"How can I programmatically execute command line commands at a different leveled directory at a certain time interval?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I work on a project in which I need a python web server. This project is hosted on Amazon EC2 (ubuntu). \nI have made two unsuccessful attempts so far:\n\nrun python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080. It works if I launch a browser on the EC2 instance and head to localhost:8080 or <ec2-public-IP>:8080. However I can't access the server from a browser on a remote machine (using <ec2-public-IP>:8080). \ncreate a python class which allows me to specify both the IP address and port to serve files. Same problem as 1.\n\nThere are several questions on SO concerning Python web server on EC2, but none seems to answer my question: what should I do in order to access the python web server remotely ?\nOne more point: I don't want to use a Python web framework (Django or anything else): I'll use the web server to build a kind of REST API, not for serving HTML content.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1858,"Q_Id":26625845,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"you should open the 8080 port and ip limitation in security croups, such as:\nAll TCP    TCP    0 - 65535    0.0.0.0\/0\nthe last item means this server will accept every request from any ip and port, you also","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,webserver","A_Id":26626875,"CreationDate":"2014-10-29T08:37:00.000","Title":"Accessing Python webserver remotely on Amazon EC2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am connecting to a host for the first time using its private key file. Do I need to call load_host_keys function before connecting to the host? Or Can I just skip it? I have the autoAddPolicy for missing host key but how can python know the location of the host key file?\nHence my question, when to use the function load_host_key?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3777,"Q_Id":26626347,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"Load host keys from a local host-key file. Host keys read with this method will be checked after keys loaded via load_system_host_keys, but will be saved back by save_host_keys (so they can be modified). The missing host key policy AutoAddPolicy adds keys to this set and saves them, when connecting to a previously-unknown server.\nThis method can be called multiple times. Each new set of host keys will be merged with the existing set (new replacing old if there are conflicts). When automatically saving, the last hostname is used.\nRead a file of known SSH host keys, in the format used by openssh. This type of file unfortunately doesn't exist on Windows, but on posix, it will usually be stored in os.path.expanduser(\"~\/.ssh\/known_hosts\").","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,ssh,paramiko","A_Id":26708001,"CreationDate":"2014-10-29T09:09:00.000","Title":"When and why to use load_host_keys and load_system_host_keys?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"gevent library documentation suggests to use gevent.monkey.patch_all() function to make standard library modules cooperative. \nAs I understand this method only works for my code (written by me), because I can explicitly monkey-patch standard library before importing standard library modules. \nWhat about third-party libraries (websocket client for example), which import threading, socket modules internally. Is there a way for this libraries to use patched version of threading and socket modules ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":194,"Q_Id":26638048,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Monkey patch at the earliest possible moment in your code (i.e. before any of your third party modules have been imported).\nThen, when the third party modules are imported, they will use the monkey-patched versions of the standard libraries.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,gevent","A_Id":27197021,"CreationDate":"2014-10-29T18:30:00.000","Title":"gevent.patch_all() and third-party libraries","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using web.py to run a server. I need to get a request from a remote server, however, the request sends me a data with Chunked Transfer Coding. \nI can use web.ctx.env['wsgi.input'].read(1000) to get the data. But this is not what I need since I don't know the length of the data (because it is chunked). But if I use web.ctx.env['wsgi.input'].read() the server would crash. \nCan anybody tell me how to get the chunked data in a request?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":599,"Q_Id":26649495,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"web.py runs CherryPy as the web server and it has support for handling requests with chunked transfer coding. Have you misread the documentation?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web.py","A_Id":26651096,"CreationDate":"2014-10-30T09:38:00.000","Title":"Python: how to read 'Chunked Transfer Coding' from a request in web.py server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm developing an app (with Python and Google App Engine) that requires to load some content (basically text) stored in a bucket inside the Google Cloud Storage. Everything works as expected but I'm trying to optimize the application performance. I have two different options: I can parse the content via the urllib library (the content is public) and read it or I can load the content using the cloudstorage library provided by Google. My question is: in terms of performance, which method is better?\nThank you all.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":199,"Q_Id":26652617,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"They will likely be very close. the AppEngine cloud storage library uses the URL fetch service, just like urllib.\nNonetheless, like any performance tuning, I'd suggest measuring on your own.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,parsing,google-cloud-storage,urllib","A_Id":26660144,"CreationDate":"2014-10-30T12:08:00.000","Title":"urllib vs cloud storage (Google App Engine)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am pretty new to TCP networking and would like to use TCP for real time transfer of data.\nEssentially, I need my PC python to send data (single character) to Android application. Data to be send changes in real time, and upon change to data (usually about 0.5 - 1sec apart), it has to send this new data to Android app and will be displayed on the app immediately.\nMy question is \n1) If I am using TCP, is it possible to keep the socket connection open even after sending one data to anticipate the subsequent transfers. Or do I need to close the connection after every single data transfer and set up another socket connection.\n2) What is the latency of a TCP in the event I am performing something like these? \nAny form of advice is greatly appreciated!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":851,"Q_Id":26661358,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Most TCP implementations delay sending small buffers for a short period of time (~.2 seconds) hoping that more data will be presented before adding the expense of sending the TCP segment. You can use the TCP_NODELAY option to (mostly) eliminate that delay. There are several other factors that get in the way, such as where the stack happens to be in an ACK sequence, but its reasonably good way to get prompt delivery. \nLatency depends on many factors including other traffic on the line and whether a given segment is dropped and needs to be retransmitted. I'm not sure what a solid number would be.\nSometimes real time data is \"better never than late\", making UDP datagrams a good option.\nupdate: A TCP connection stays open until you close them with shutdown(), a client or server level socket timeout hits or the underlying stack finally gets bored and closes it. So normally you just connect and send data periodically over time. A common way to deal with a timed out socket is to reconnect if you hit a send error.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python,sockets,tcp,real-time","A_Id":26661653,"CreationDate":"2014-10-30T19:07:00.000","Title":"Use of TCP for real time small packet data over a period of time","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What I want to do is to read a xml file that contains some python code inside.\nAnd then run these code.\nFor example, the xml file contains print 'Hello World'\nI want to use a function such as like \ndef RunXML(xml):\nThis function will read the code from the xml file and execute it. In this case, the function RunXML will print 'Hello World'.\nAppreciate for any help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":222,"Q_Id":26672090,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"To execute python code from python you can use exec function, about reading from xml - you didn't provide any information about xml file structure.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,compiler-construction","A_Id":26672298,"CreationDate":"2014-10-31T10:10:00.000","Title":"How to read a xml file and covert it to python code and run?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using ZeroRPC for a project, where there may be multiple instances running on the same machine. For this reason, I need to abe able to auto-assign unused port numbers. I know how to accomplish this with regular sockets using socket.bind(('', 0)) or with ZeroMQ using the bind_to_random_port method, but I cannot figure out how to do this with ZeroRPC.\nSince ZeroRPC is based on ZeroMQ, it must be possible.\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":346,"Q_Id":26700204,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Having read details about ZeroRPC-python current state, the safest option to solve the task would be to create a central LotterySINGLETON, that would receive <-REQ\/REP-> send a next free port# upon an instance's request.\nThis approach is isolated from ZeroRPC-dev\/mod(s) modifications of use of the otherwise stable ZeroMQ API and gives you the full control over the port#-s pre-configured\/included-in\/excluded-from LotterySINGLETON's draws.\nThe other way aroung would be to try to by-pass the ZeroRPC layer and ask ZeroMQ directly about the next random port, but the ZeroRPC documentation discourages from bypassing their own controls imposed on (otherwise pure) ZeroMQ framework elements ( which is quite a reasonable to be emphasised, as it erodes the ZeroRPC-layer consistency of it's add-on operations & services, so it shall rather be \"obeyed\" than \"challenged\" in trial\/error ... )","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,port,zeromq","A_Id":26716452,"CreationDate":"2014-11-02T14:08:00.000","Title":"ZeroRPC auto-assign free port number","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Tweepy and I don't find any option to add a delay between each request to make sure I'm not getting banned from Twitter APIs. I think 1 request each 5 seconds should be fine. How can I do this using StreamListener?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":397,"Q_Id":26703279,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Solved. You can never get banned from the Streaming API :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":27247595,"CreationDate":"2014-11-02T19:17:00.000","Title":"How to add a delay between each request in Tweepy StreamListener?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Linux environment which having more than 50 servers and which is monitoring by Nagios. Now we are creating new servers using python web based GUI and we need to add them to nagios server manually.  Now we would like to add new servers automatically to nagios. is there any method to add the new servers to nagios automatically? \nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":815,"Q_Id":26708916,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think it's not possible to automatically add client in monitoring system, but you can add it through web browser using Nconf.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,nagios","A_Id":26887365,"CreationDate":"2014-11-03T06:28:00.000","Title":"automatically add clients to nagios server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Linux environment which having more than 50 servers and which is monitoring by Nagios. Now we are creating new servers using python web based GUI and we need to add them to nagios server manually.  Now we would like to add new servers automatically to nagios. is there any method to add the new servers to nagios automatically? \nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":815,"Q_Id":26708916,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Nagios doesn't support this out of the box.  That said, it would be fairly easy to create a Python script to automate the task.  At the least, you'd have to provide it with a list of machine names and IP addresses, then let the script do all the .cfg file updates.  Did this with Perl, taking less than a day to write, it added the host and several basic infra checks.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,nagios","A_Id":26962382,"CreationDate":"2014-11-03T06:28:00.000","Title":"automatically add clients to nagios server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using flask for a very simple app. The response is right but split into multiple tcp packets. It seems that flask put every http header in a tcp packet.\nWhy flask response is split into multiple tcp packets? How do I disable this feature?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":299,"Q_Id":26709879,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Flask is microframework, it is used for developing webapp or related stuff,\nFlask has its own response building way, you can not control response packets from flask.\nWhat you are talking is of different layer, it comes about networking layer.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,flask","A_Id":26717670,"CreationDate":"2014-11-03T07:47:00.000","Title":"How to make flask response in one tcp packet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I want to implement a simple comms protocol where reads & writes are completely asynchronous. That means that client sends some data and then server may or may not respond with an answer. So I can't just call reader.read() because that blocks until at least something is returned. And I may have something more to send in the mean time.\nSo is there a way to check if reader has something to read? \n(please note that I'm talking specifically about the streams version: I'm fully aware that protocols version has separate handlers for reading and writing and does not suffer from this issue)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":719,"Q_Id":26755660,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There is no way to ask reader has incoming data or not.\nI guess to create asyncio.Task for reading data from asyncio stream reader in loop.\nIf you need to write data asynchronously feel free to call StreamWriter.write() from any task that have some outgoing data.\nI strongly dont recommend to use protocols directly -- they are low-level abstraction useful for flow control but for application code is better to use high-level streams.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,python-asyncio","A_Id":26763233,"CreationDate":"2014-11-05T11:06:00.000","Title":"asyncio streams check if reader has data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to setup token based authentication in python. using Django\/DRF. but this is more about http in general i think.\nWhen users put in username\/password I return to them their token via JSON.\nThe client then can post the token in HTTP Header for me to check.\nMy problem is I want the token to persist in the header automatically, just like cookies.\nWhen the server says \"set-cookie\" to browser (Chrome\/FF), the browser will automatically send up the cookie without me actually doing anything.  Is there something I can do with this token?\nI have tried storing it in header: \"Authorization\", but the browser didn't return it.  Is there something like \"Set-Authorization\"?\nthanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.6640367703,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":364,"Q_Id":26792751,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"No, only cookies stored in browser persistently. All other headers are transient by HTTP protocol definition.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,django,http,authentication,cookies","A_Id":26803136,"CreationDate":"2014-11-07T01:50:00.000","Title":"How to get Authentication header to persist","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have created a simple chat program in python that allows many clients to connect to a single server.  I now want to create a two server model, still with many clients, so that the clients will be able to connect to either server.  Then when a client sends a message to server1 it will broadcast to all its connected clients and also send to server2, which will then broadcast to all its (server2's) connected clients.  The part I am stuck on is the server to server communication. I would like to do this on my local LAN on the same subnet; I am not trying to do this across the internet so no need to worry about dns or other protocols.\nNot sure if I need to do multi-threading here or just add to the while loop that maintains connects and sends\/receives the data.\nAny help here would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":379,"Q_Id":26813652,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think that threading is an issue here. You can design a solution with or without it.\nIn short, your servers are not really different from your clients. They connect to other servers and send text\/data to them. The only thing you have to handle specifically is the re-broadcasting of the clients chats.\nThis is particularly tricky and is subject to a lot of problems. You can check out how IRC handles it. You will face multiple problems which might be mitigated if you stay within a LAN. In IRC, all servers are rather equal so bringing a bunch of them down shouldn't affect the whole network (in reality this is different :p). \nWhat if server1 broadcasted message1 with timestamp[5 secs] then receive message2 from server2 with timestamp[2 secs]. For the client messages will appear out of order.\nOne thing you could do is to elect a master server for all other servers. This one will contain the master list and will manage the timestamps. All other servers will send their clients messages to it and will wait for a synchronization of the \"master chat log\", then broadcast the new data to all connected clients. Some messages might appear out of order for the clients if there is a lot of lag, but at least the timestamps will match and will be incremental","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,chat,distributed","A_Id":26814280,"CreationDate":"2014-11-08T04:12:00.000","Title":"Distributed Local Chat Servers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"let me explain the problem:\nI have pyCharm, SublimeText, CodeRunner, and IPython Notebook. I've been exploring each one to see which i like best. Turns out to be PyCharm.\nHere's the problem - CodeRunner recognizes the package for \"Selenium\", and gladly imports the module.\nHowever, when I use pyCharm and iPython notebook, an import error occurs - which befuddles me. Why would it work for one IDE and not the another?\nAlso - i used \"sudo pip install selenium\" in the terminal. What exactly is the root of the problem? I feel like it has something to do with permissions, but am not knowledgeable of how to modify permissions for python packages.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":220,"Q_Id":26832106,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In Pycharm you need to source the directory that contains the package Selenium.\nIn your project browser right-click a directory and select Mark directory as > source\neg:\n\/path\/to\/py\/packages\/Selenium\/\nYou need to source the \"packages\" directory.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,ide,installation,package-managers","A_Id":26832348,"CreationDate":"2014-11-09T19:06:00.000","Title":"Import Error Python Varies by IDE","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've come to the realization where I need to change my design for a file synchronization program I am writing.\nCurrently, my program goes as follows:\n1) client connects to server (and is verified)\n2) if the client is verified, create a thread and begin a loop using the socket the client connected with\n3) if a file on the client or server changes, send the change through that socket (using select for asynchronous communication)\nMy code sucks because I am torn between using one socket for file transfer or using a socket for each file transfer. Either case (in my opinion) will work, but for the first case I would have to create some sort of protocol to determine what bytes go where (some sort of header), and for the second case, I would have to create new sockets on a new thread (that do not need to be verified again), so that files can be sent on each thread without worrying about asynchronous transfer.\nI would prefer to do the second option, so I'm investigating using SocketServer. Would this kind of problem be solved with SocketServer.ThreadingTCPServer and SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn? I'm having trouble thinking about it because I would assume SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn works for newly connected clients, unless I somehow have an \"outer\" socket server which servers \"inner\" socket servers?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":158,"Q_Id":26848683,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"SocketServer will work for you. You create one SocketServer per port you want to listen on. Your choice is whether you have one listener that handles the client\/server connection plus per file connections (you'd need some sort of header to tell the difference) or two listeners that separate client\/server connection and per file connections (you'd still need a header so that you knew which file was coming in).\nAlternately, you could choose something like zeromq that provides a message transport for you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,socketserver","A_Id":26849719,"CreationDate":"2014-11-10T16:44:00.000","Title":"Can I use the Python SocketServer class for this implementation?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We are thinking to move away from Django and separate the backend and frontend.\nThe backend is straight forward as I have done it plenty of times by exposing it as a Python RESTful API.\nWhats new to me is the thin client part.\nTheoretically I could just write HTML and plain javascript to talk to the API. \nIs there a macro-framework that would help me to achieve that? Beside AngularJS, what other thin client frameworks could I utilise without reinventing the wheel?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":146,"Q_Id":26849884,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If I understand what you're trying to do, you might be looking for something like jQuery. It's a subtle JS framework that will make it easier to talk to your Django API, especially using Ajax and JSON.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,rest","A_Id":26850033,"CreationDate":"2014-11-10T17:54:00.000","Title":"How to move from Django to REST-API\/Thin Client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"how to protect request information from 3rd party android apps using server side.\nHello,\nanybody can help, how to identify 3rd party android apps and we protect access from 3rd party","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":39,"Q_Id":26859236,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Assuming you will be using a REST-based setup you might want to look into using ssl certificates and use https for verification and signal protection.\nFor a simpler solution, use a pre-shared-key and put it in the header of the request.\nWith that said your setup will only be as safe as your key management. Encryption and information security is hard.\nGood luck!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python","A_Id":26860181,"CreationDate":"2014-11-11T06:53:00.000","Title":"how to protect request information from 3rd party android apps using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Here's just about the simplest open and close you can do with webdriver and phantom:\n\n    from selenium import webdriver\n    crawler = webdriver.PhantomJS()\n    crawler.set_window_size(1024,768)\n    crawler.get('https:\/\/www.google.com\/')\n    crawler.quit()\n\nOn windows (7), every time I run my code to test something out, new instances of the conhost.exe and phantomjs.exe processes begin and never quit. Am I doing something stupid here? I figured the processes would quit when the crawler.quit() did...","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":809,"Q_Id":26868492,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Go figure. Problem resolved with a reboot.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver,phantomjs","A_Id":29312102,"CreationDate":"2014-11-11T15:34:00.000","Title":"Selenium webdriver + PhantomJS processes not closing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm a newbie on selenium and I wrote a little python script using selenium to test some functionalities on our website.\nBut I notice something strange in my code. I have several functions for example :\n\nLogin to website \nList item\nClick on a link  etc.\n\nBut, each time selenium hits the bottom of a function it closes the browser and I lose my session. This forces me to put all the test in just one function.\nIs there a way to prevent this behavior? I'm using selenium RC not a Webdriver.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6289,"Q_Id":26889799,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I figure it out :) It seems that wen you remove the test_ from the beginning of the function I can setup function wihtout the browser to be closed","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-rc","A_Id":26892369,"CreationDate":"2014-11-12T14:51:00.000","Title":"How to prevent Selenium from closing browser after each function?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a neat little async HTTP library for Python that is a ported (yet slightly more robust) version of the standard library's included HTTP utilities.  I keep coming back to trying to figure out whether it is necessary to even write a Protocol subclass or just implement a StreamReader\/StreamWriter.\nI have done a good amount of reading through the PEPs and what not.  I'm the kind of person who comes here as an absolute last resort because I hate asking unnecessary questions or preventing those who truly need help from receiving it. Thank you in advance for your exceptional advice and wisdom, friends :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":137,"Q_Id":26897876,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"reader\/writer pair should be enough.\nWhile we use own implementation in aiohttp for some, (partially historic) reasons.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,asynchronous,stream,protocols","A_Id":26914159,"CreationDate":"2014-11-12T22:27:00.000","Title":"Are Python's AsyncIO protocols necessary for writing an async HTTP library?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web crawling python script that takes hours to complete, and is infeasible to run in its entirety on my local machine. Is there a convenient way to deploy this to a simple web server? The script basically downloads webpages into text files. How would this be best accomplished?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":26999,"Q_Id":26901882,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"If you have a google e-mail account you have an access to google drive and utilities. Choose for colaboratory (or find it in more... options first). This \"CoLab\" is essentially your python notebook on google drive with full access to your files on your drive, also with access to your GitHub. So, in addition to your local stuff you can edit your GitHub scripts as well.","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,cloud,web-crawler,virtual,server","A_Id":65263186,"CreationDate":"2014-11-13T05:23:00.000","Title":"What is the easiest way to run python scripts in a cloud server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web crawling python script that takes hours to complete, and is infeasible to run in its entirety on my local machine. Is there a convenient way to deploy this to a simple web server? The script basically downloads webpages into text files. How would this be best accomplished?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":26999,"Q_Id":26901882,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In 2021, Replit.com makes it very easy to write and run Python in the cloud.","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"python,cloud,web-crawler,virtual,server","A_Id":67290539,"CreationDate":"2014-11-13T05:23:00.000","Title":"What is the easiest way to run python scripts in a cloud server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing  a project in my university where I need to receive some data from a set of an Arduino, a sensor and a CuHead v1.0 Wifi-shield on the other side of the campus. I need to communicate thru sockets to transfer the data from sensor to the server but I need to ensure that no one will also send data thru this open socket. On the server side, I need to open the socket using Python 3 or 2.7. On the sensor side, the library of CuHead WiFi Shield lacks important functions to create secure connections. It is possible to ensure this level of security only on the server side? What suggestions do you have for me?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34,"Q_Id":26909777,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"use stunnel at both ends, so all traffic at both ends goes to localhost that stunnel encrypts and sends to the other end","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,security,sockets,arduino","A_Id":26910064,"CreationDate":"2014-11-13T13:15:00.000","Title":"How to ensure that no one will access my socket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm able to verify whether or not an element exists and whether or not it is displayed, but can't seem to find a way to see whether it is 'clickable' (Not talking about disabled).\nProblem is that often when filling a webform, the element i want may be overlayed with a div while it loads. The div itself is rather hard to detect as it's id, name and even the css is flexible. Hence i'm trying to detect whether or not a input field can be 'clicked' or 'filled'. When the overlaying div is present, the field cannot be filled by a regular user (As the div would overlay the input field and not allow the user to fill it) but it can be filled by selenium. I want to prevent that and only allow selenium to fill it once the user can also fill it.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":53151,"Q_Id":26943847,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"You can use webElement.isEnabled() and webElement.isDisplayed() methods before performing any operation on the input field...\nI hope this will solve you problem...\nElse, you can also put a loop to check above 2 conditions and if those are true you can specify the input text and again you can find the same element and you can get the text of the webelement and compare that text with the text you entered. If those matches you can come out of the loop.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,html,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":26947299,"CreationDate":"2014-11-15T08:01:00.000","Title":"Check whether element is clickable in selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running a python script on my raspberry pi, via ssh. I use the google oauth library to fetch events from google calendar, but I have problems with the authentication.\nWhen I run the program on my main computer (which has a GUI and a web browser), it works as expected, but not on my Pi. I am running the program with the flag --noauth_local_webserver because of that there exists no web browser on the Pi. Instead I get a link to click on but when I do that, google answers with the redirect_uri_mismatch error. I am running this locally at home, but it works on my main computer so I cannot figure out what is wrong. Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1538,"Q_Id":26952168,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Ok, so I found the answer! \nThe problem is that if the registred application is set to web application in the google developer console settings, this is the error message you will get. To solve this I just changed the type to desktop application instead.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":26955746,"CreationDate":"2014-11-15T23:52:00.000","Title":"Redirect error when using google oauth and the flag --noauth_local_webserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to get different JSON from bitcoin market RESTful API. \nHere is the problem:\nI can only send my single GET request to API one by one, so that I cannot get all the data from all the bitcoin market at the same time.\nIs there a way to use Python thread(each thread send GET request using different client ports) to get multiple data simultaneously?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":704,"Q_Id":26953276,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes.\nUse threading for concurrent network requests.\nIf you do computations on the response you will be bound by the GIL (Global Interpreter Lock) in which case you can start other processes to do the computations on the data using the multiprocessing library.\nRequests lib supports threading and Doug Hellemans \"Python Module of the Week\" blog posts and book are a great place to read and understand the Apis for threading and multiprocessing in python.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,multithreading,api,httprequest,bitcoin","A_Id":27347087,"CreationDate":"2014-11-16T03:01:00.000","Title":"Send Multiple GET Requests to Server:80 port Simultaneously","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I created a label, \"handler_gmail\", in Gmail's web interface via the typical approach.\nWhen I try to set that label for a message via the Gmail API (Python client library), I get the response HttpError 400, returned \"Invalid label: handler_gmail\".\nI am sure the label exists (I've checked multiple times \u2013 no typos).\nI am trying to set it like so:\ngs.users().messages().modify(userId=username, id=m['id'], body={\"addLabelIds\": ['handler_gmail']}).execute()\nI tried adding a \"removeLabelIds\": [] key\/value pair to the dictionary (thinking maybe it was required), but got the same \"Invalid label\" error.\nAny help with this is greatly appreciated! So close to being able to do what I need to with this project!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3215127375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6142,"Q_Id":26963868,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"I was able to list the system and user labels via print(gs.users().labels().list(userId=username).execute())\nThis revealed that the label ID for my label was something else (\"Label_1\" -- the name was \"handler_gmail\"). So I will make a support method that gets me a label ID by name, and add the label to the message (via modify) using the ID.\nThanks!","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,gmail-api","A_Id":26964386,"CreationDate":"2014-11-17T00:46:00.000","Title":"Gmail API: \"Invalid Label\" When Trying to Set Message Label to One That I Created","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to figure out how to have a real time data displayed on a webpage through the use of an android app.\nFor example, users are using android app and are scored (answering questions). My webpage will display the scores in order in real-time.\nIv come to the conclusion to use Redis, but what exactly do i need for this to function? Do i need a web socket where my web page will communicate with. This socket could be python where it accesses the database and then responds with the scores in order? \nIm struggling to find out how exactly this would work as this is new to me. What exactly should i be looking for (terminology etc)? \nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":651,"Q_Id":26985577,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"One approach might be:\n\nset up a database on a server on the internet\nprogram your app to save data to that remote database\nset up a webservice\nprogram the webservice to read data from the database and serve it as an html page\n\nFor extra credit\n\nimplement a REST style API which retrieves and serves data from the database\ncreate an ajax webpage which uses the API to fetch and display data (so you don't have to refresh the page constantly)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"android,python,sockets,redis,real-time","A_Id":26985616,"CreationDate":"2014-11-18T02:28:00.000","Title":"Real-time communication between app and webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Using mechanize, how can I wait for some time after page load (some websites have a timer before links appear, like in download pages), and after the links have been loaded, click on a specific link?\nSince it's an anchor tag and not a submit button, will browser.submit() work(I got errors while doing that)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1315,"Q_Id":26986623,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If it's an anchor tag, then just GET\/POST whatever it is.\nThe timer between links appearing is generally done in javascript - some sites you are attempting to scrape may not be usable without javascript, or requires a token generated in javascript with clientside math.\nDepending on the site, you can either extract the wait time in msec\/sec and time.sleep() for that long, or you'll have to use something that can execute javascript","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,mechanize,mechanize-python","A_Id":26986649,"CreationDate":"2014-11-18T04:31:00.000","Title":"Python mechanize wait and click","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is is possible to actually fake your IP details via mechanize? But if it's not, for what is br.set_proxies() used?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":711,"Q_Id":26987797,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You cant' fake you IP address because IP is third layer and HTTP works on 7th layer.\nSo, it's imposible to send ip with non-your ip.\n(you can set up second interface and IP address using iproute2 and set routing throught that interface, but it's not python\/mechanize level. it's system level)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mechanize-python","A_Id":26988092,"CreationDate":"2014-11-18T06:13:00.000","Title":"Change IP with Python mechanize","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is is possible to actually fake your IP details via mechanize? But if it's not, for what is br.set_proxies() used?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":711,"Q_Id":26987797,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You don't fake your IP details, set_proxy is to configure a HTTP proxy. You still need legitimate access to the IP.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mechanize-python","A_Id":26987818,"CreationDate":"2014-11-18T06:13:00.000","Title":"Change IP with Python mechanize","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I use eval('string') in a python script to execute a piece of java scrit, and I would like to store the string in a xml and then parse use element tree as text string, the problem is in this way, the eval() will return nothing since the parsed string is a string object not a original string which can be reconigized by eval(), anybody knows how to solve this problem? I am a freshman on programming, any suggestions will be highly appriciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":207,"Q_Id":26989736,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You probably shouldn't use eval... But to answer your question on how to store an object to be later executed but eval, you do repr(my_object), this will often return a string, suitable for eval, but this is not always true.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,string,eval","A_Id":26990360,"CreationDate":"2014-11-18T08:28:00.000","Title":"element tree parse xml text string to be called by eval","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to use javascript to retrieve a json object from a python script\nIve tried using various methods of ajax and post but cant get anything working.\nFor now I have tried to set it up like this\nMy Javascript portion:\nI have tried\n\n$.post('.\/cgi-bin\/serverscript.py', { type: 'add'}, function(data) {\n              console.log('POSTed: ' + data);\n  });\n\nand\n\n$.ajax({\n                          type:\"post\",\n                          url:\".\/cgi-bin\/serverscript.py\",\n                          data: {type: \"add\"},\n                          success: function(o){ console.log(o); alert(o);}\n                  });\n\nMy Python \n\nimport json  import cgi import cgitb cgitb.enable()  data = cgi.FieldStorage()\nreq = data.getfirst(\"type\")  print \"Content-type: application\/json\" \n  print  print (json.JSONEncoder().encode({\"status\":\"ok\"}))\n\nI am getting a 500 (internal server error)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":847,"Q_Id":27019558,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have you checked your host's server logs to see if it's giving you any output?\nBefore asking here, a good idea would be to ssh to your host, if you can, and running the program directly, which will most likely print the error in the terminal.\nThis is far too general at the moment, there are so many reasons why a CGI request can fail ( misconfigured environment, libraries not installed, permissions errors )\nGo back and read your servers logs and see if that shines any more light on the issue.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,ajax,json,cgi","A_Id":29558961,"CreationDate":"2014-11-19T14:38:00.000","Title":"Running CGI Python Javascript to retrieve JSON object","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Coding in Python 2.7.\nI have a crawler I setup and it works perfectly fine when driven by FireFox, but breaks when driven by PhantomJS.\nI'm trying to click on an element with href=\"#\"\nThe crux of the issue is that when the FF driver clicks on this element with the # href, it performs the javascript action (in this case revealing a hidden part of a layer), but when PhantomJS does it, it either doesn't perform the click or it does click it but # just reloads the same page (I can't tell which one).\nI've tried everything I can think of, including multiple ActionChains and clicking element by element all the way down to this one with the link. Nothing seems to work.\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":800,"Q_Id":27028599,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"href=\"#\" just refreshes the page when you select the link, for example if it was href=#top\" when you select the link you would be brought to the top of that same page.\nYou are probably doing it correctly, you can use driver.find_element_by_link_text('some text') or  driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('some text'), but clicking on that element is just routing you to that same page.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,phantomjs","A_Id":51226805,"CreationDate":"2014-11-19T22:54:00.000","Title":"Selenium PhantomJS click element with href=\"#\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i am quite new to curl development. I am working on centOS and i want to install pycurl 7.19.5, but i am unable to as i need libcurl 7.21.2 or above.I tried installing an updated curl but it is still pointing to the old libcurl.\ncurl-config --version\nlibcurl 7.24.0\ncurl --version \ncurl 7.24.0 (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu) libcurl\/7.21.1 OpenSSL\/1.0.1e zlib\/1.2.3 c-ares\/1.7.3 libidn\/1.29 Protocols: dict file ftp ftps http https imap imaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtsp smtp smtps telnet tftp  Features: AsynchDNS Debug TrackMemory IDN IPv6 Largefile NTLM SSL libz.\nCan anyone please help me how i can update the libcurl version in curl","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4612,"Q_Id":27041862,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You seem to have two versions installed, curl-config --version shows the newer version (7.24.0) and curl (the tool) is the newer version but when it runs the run-time linker ld.so finds and uses the older version (7.21.1).\nCheck \/etc\/ld.so.conf for which dirs that are check in which order and see if you can remove one of the versions or change order of the search.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,linux,curl,libcurl,centos6","A_Id":27042314,"CreationDate":"2014-11-20T14:21:00.000","Title":"libcurl mismatch in curl and curl-config","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i am planning to make web crawler which can crawl 200+ domain, which of the language will be suitable for it. I am quite familiar with PHP but an amateur at Python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1196,"Q_Id":27054206,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I have built crawlers in both languages. While I personally find it easy to make a crawler in python because of huge number of freely available libraries for html parsing, I would recommend that you go with the language you are most comfortable with. Build a well designed and efficient crawler in a language you know well and you will get even better at that language. There is no feature which can not be implemented in either of the two languages so just make a decision and start working.\nGood luck.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,web-crawler","A_Id":27055726,"CreationDate":"2014-11-21T04:37:00.000","Title":"PHP vs Python For Web Crawler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i am planning to make web crawler which can crawl 200+ domain, which of the language will be suitable for it. I am quite familiar with PHP but an amateur at Python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1196,"Q_Id":27054206,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could just try both. Make one in php and one in python. It'll help you learn the language even if you're experienced. Never say no to opportunities to practice.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,web-crawler","A_Id":27055630,"CreationDate":"2014-11-21T04:37:00.000","Title":"PHP vs Python For Web Crawler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Python server-side and I need to put a Google Maps Marker for every database document.\nIs it possible and how?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":448,"Q_Id":27132481,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are a number of ways to handle this. I would create an API with the locations (lat, long). Then on the client side, use AJAX to consume the API and then use a loop to create new markers, appending each to the DOM. Make sense?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-maps,google-maps-api-3","A_Id":27132863,"CreationDate":"2014-11-25T16:59:00.000","Title":"How to send Google Maps API Marker from Python server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to get socket id of current client? I have seen it is possible to get socket id in node.js. But it seems flask's socket.io extension is a little bit different than node's socketio.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10949,"Q_Id":27177999,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Consider using request.sid which gets its value populated from the FlaskSocketIO library.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,flask,socket.io","A_Id":50516756,"CreationDate":"2014-11-27T20:00:00.000","Title":"getting socket id of a client in flask socket.io","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am doing a project on media (more like a video conferencing).\nThe problem is , although I am able to send text\/string data from one peer to another, I am still not sure about video files.\nUsing gstreamer, I am able to capture video stream from my webcam  and doing the encoding\/coding (H.264) , I am able to write the video stream into actual mp4 contanier directly using a file sink\nNow my problem is, I am not sure on reading the video files as it contains both audio and video streams, convert into transmission stream to transmit it using packets\n(I am able to send a very small jpeg file although).\nI am using socket module and implementing UDP","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":27198697,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you are to send a video(with audio) to a peer in the network, you would better use RTP(Real time Transfer Protocol) which works on top of UDP. RTP provides feature of timestamps and profile which help you syncronize the audio and video sent through two ports.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,video,udp","A_Id":27199731,"CreationDate":"2014-11-29T03:58:00.000","Title":"python - how to have video file(data) into list?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I'm writting an IRC bot in Python. Right now, the first thing I'm trying to get it to do is Log all the important things in every channel it's on (as well as private messages to the bot itself).\nSo far I've gotten it to log the JOIN, PRIVMSG (including CTCP commands) and PART. However I'm having some trouble with the QUIT command. Now I know the QUIT command doesn't include the <channel> parameter because it doesn't need it. However my bot is connected to multiple channels and I need to be able to differentiate which channels the user was connected to when he\/she issued the QUIT command to appropriate log it. Many users won't be connected to every channel the bot is.\nWhat would be the ideal way to go about this? Thanks for your help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":27279922,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It sounds like you want to write the same QUIT log message to multiple per-channel log files, but only specific ones the bot is in?\nTo accomplish something similar, I ended up getting the list of names in a channel when the bot joins, then keeping track of every nick change, join, part, kick, and quit, and adjusting the bot's internal list. That way, on a quit, I could just check the internal list and see what channels they were on.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,bots,irc","A_Id":27316992,"CreationDate":"2014-12-03T19:21:00.000","Title":"Logging where the QUIT command comes from in IRC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I haven't been able to find an answer to this, and I was hoping y'all could help me out. When accessing the API for one of the products we use at work, a date field comes back in two different forms depending on if you request JSON or XML.\nThe first, which I understand, is what XML sends:\n\n2014-12-03T23:59:00\n\nThe second, is what I can't figure out. When requesting JSON, it sends the same date in the following format:\n\n\\\/Date(1417672740000-0600)\\\/\n\nForgive me if this has already been answered, I just haven't been able to find it here or on Google. Hopefully it's something I should already know.\nFYI, I'm using the requests module for Python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":43,"Q_Id":27283326,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Jon Skeet:\n\nLooks like it's the format from DataContractJsonSerializer apart from anything else - millis since the Unix epoch, and offset from UTC","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,python-requests","A_Id":27283764,"CreationDate":"2014-12-03T23:02:00.000","Title":"API Date in a Strange Format","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on an attendance system on Local server which contains the database file in json format and when a request is made to the system via RFID the script looks into the local json file for the RFID and respond accordingly. Now the problem is that for single request it is performing well but as our script(made in Python 3.3) works on multiple threading so when two or more request hits at the same time i get an exception of \"expecting object:line 1 column\" ... like this. So what is the problem in the script or what can be the possible solution for this. Remember there is no online request made during the script working.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":135,"Q_Id":27309902,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"close the reading instances with instance.close() after loading the values with json_object.loads().","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json","A_Id":27310481,"CreationDate":"2014-12-05T06:13:00.000","Title":"Error on reading json file by multiple instances at the same time","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to select all the tables inside a division which has xpath similar to \/\/*[@id=\"mw-content-text\"]\/table[@class=\"wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter\"]. But the selector doesn't returns any value. How can I get through those tags which have spaces in their id\/class ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2468,"Q_Id":27331444,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had the same issue because I was trying to scrape a wikipedia page. The class name for the table shows up as \"wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter\" because of the plugin mentioned in the other answer which adds to the class name after it is used. \nIn order to pick up the table you can just look for the following class instead \"wikitable sortable\". This picks up the code for me.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xpath,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":41831890,"CreationDate":"2014-12-06T11:59:00.000","Title":"How to select tables in scrapy using selectors whose class id have spaces in it?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I create a UDP server in Python that is possible to know when a client has disconnected? The server needs to be fast because I will use in an MMORPG. Never did a UDP server then I have a little trouble.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":291,"Q_Id":27342216,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"UDP is not connection-based.  Since no connection exists when using UDP, there is nothing to disconnect.  Since there is nothing to disconnect, you can't ever know when something disconnects.  It never will because it was never connected in the first place.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,sockets,networking,python-3.x","A_Id":27344058,"CreationDate":"2014-12-07T11:34:00.000","Title":"UDP Server in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've coded a small raw packet syn port scanner to scan a list of ips and find out if they're online. (btw. for Debian in python2.7)\nThe basic intention was to simply check if some websites are reachable and speed up that process by preceding a raw syn request (port 80) but I stumbled upon something.\nJust for fun I started trying to find out how fast I could get with this (fastest as far as i know) check technique and it turns out that despite I'm only sending raw syn packets on one port and listening for responses on that same port (with tcpdump) the connection reliability quite drops starting at about 1500-2000 packets\/sec and shortly thereafter almost the entire networking starts blocking on the box.\nI thought about it and if I compare this value with e.g. torrent seeding\/leeching packets\/sec the scan speed is quiet slow.\nI have a few ideas why this happens but I'm not a professional and I have no clue how to check if I'm right with my assumptions.\nFirstly it could be that the Linux networking has some fancy internal port forwarding stuff running to keep the sending port opened (maybe some sort of feature of iptables?) because the script seems to be able to receive syn-ack even with closed sourceport.\nIf so, is it possible to prevent or bypass that in some fashion?\nAnother guess is that the python library is simply too dumb to do real proper raw packet management but that's unlikely because its using internal Linux functions to do that as far as I know.\n\nDoes anyone have a clue why that network blocking is happening?\nWhere's the difference to torrent connections or anything else like that?\nDo I have to send the packets in another way or anything?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":126,"Q_Id":27351360,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Months ago I found out that this problem is well known as c10k problem.\nIt has to do amongst other things with how the kernel allocates and processes tcp connections internally.\nThe only efficient way to address the issue is to bypass the kernel tcp stack and implement various other low-level things by your own.\nAll good approaches I know are working with low-level async implementations\nThere are some good ways to deal with the problem depending on the scale.\nFor further information i would recommend to search for the c10k problem.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,performance","A_Id":29195455,"CreationDate":"2014-12-08T04:18:00.000","Title":"speed limit of syn scanning ports of multiple targets?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a proxy setup on my machine (Win -7).\nI have written a  python program which tries to open new tab of a browser with given URL, with the help of webbrowser module in python.\nBut webbrowser.open_new_tab(URL) fails when I check the \"Use proxy server for your LAN\" checkbox in Internet Explorer settings (under LAN Settings), but it works perfectly fine when I uncheck this box .\nI don't understand why this is happening. Is there any way by which the webbroser module works with a proxy?\nAm I doing anything wrong here?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1204,"Q_Id":27359258,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Sorry for the noise.\nI just realized that urllib2.urlopen(url) was breaking the things, not webbrowser.open_new_tab(url).\nWe need to use proxyhandlers of urllib2 to get away with this.\n@Lawrence, Thanks for the help","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy,python-webbrowser","A_Id":27373111,"CreationDate":"2014-12-08T13:36:00.000","Title":"Pythons webbrowser.open_new_tab(url) with proxy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Python Beautiful Soup for website Scrapping. My program hits different urls of a website more than thousand times. I don not wish to get banned. As a first step, I would like to introduce IPmasking in my project.\nIs there any possible way to hit different urls of a website from a pool of rotating IPs with the help of Python modules like ipaddress, socket etc?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2628,"Q_Id":27394554,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The problem is your public IP address. What you can do is use a list of proxy's and rotate through them.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup,masking","A_Id":27397328,"CreationDate":"2014-12-10T06:28:00.000","Title":"IP masking with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm building a small RESTful API with bottle in python and am currently experiencing an issue with character encodings when working with the request object.\nHitting up http:\/\/server.com\/api?q=\u00e4\u00f6\u00fc and looking at request.query['q'] on the server gets me \"\u00c3\u00a4\u00c3\u00b6\u00c3\u00bc\", which is obviously not what I'm looking for.\nSame goes for a POST request containing the form-urlencoded key q with the value \u00e4\u00f6\u00fc. request.forms.get('q') contains \"\u00c3\u00a4\u00c3\u00b6\u00c3\u00bc\".\nWhat's going on here? I don't really have the option of decoding these elements with a different encoding or do I? Is there a general option for bottle to store these in unicode?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3378,"Q_Id":27432211,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"in this case, to convert it ,I did like this search_field.encode(\"ISO-8859-1\").decode(\"utf-8\")","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,unicode,bottle","A_Id":61842769,"CreationDate":"2014-12-11T20:56:00.000","Title":"Python bottle requests and unicode","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Lets say I have an application written in python to send a ping or e-mail. How can I change the source IP address of the sent packet to a fake one, using, e.g., Scapy?\nConsider that that the IP address assigned to my eth0 is 192.168.0.100. My e-mail application will send messages using this IP. However, I want to manipulate this packet, as soon as it is ready to be sent, so its source IP is not 192.168.0.100 but 192.168.0.101 instead.\nI'd like to do this without having to implement a MITM.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":31903,"Q_Id":27448905,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You basically want to spoof your ip address.Well I suggest you to read Networking and ip header packets.This can be possible through python but you won't be able to see result as you have spoofed your ip.To be able to do this you will need to predict the sequence numbers.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,ip,packet,scapy","A_Id":28396576,"CreationDate":"2014-12-12T17:26:00.000","Title":"Send packet and change its source IP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to parse some data from a website. However, there's a certain peculiarity:\nThere is a dropdown list (layed out using div and child a tags, made functional with a jQuery script). Upon selecting one of the values, a subsequent text field would change its value.\nI want to retrieve the first dropdown value, and the respective text field, then the next dropdown value and the updated text field, and so forth.\nHow would I go about this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":57,"Q_Id":27468688,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What happens here is, upon selecting a value form the dropdown, an AJAX request is generated and gets the data.\nYou can analyze the request url in your browser. If you use firefox, use firebug and take a look at the Net tab, what requests are generating and what is the url. In google chorme, look in Network tab. If you want to parse the data you have to make a request in that url.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"jquery,python,xpath,lxml","A_Id":27468960,"CreationDate":"2014-12-14T11:07:00.000","Title":"Python\/lxml: Retrieving variable data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to create a simple form of client-server application, using python. So I got started with sockets, and facing some errors I searched a bit and saw that no two sockets can be listening to the same port at the same time. Is that true? And if so, the only way to handle multiple requests towards the server, as regards the sockets, is to have a single socket do the listening and take turns at the incoming requests?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":28,"Q_Id":27469113,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"When you call accept(), it returns a new socket for the connection, the original socket is still listening for new connections.\n                    \u2013\u00a0Barmar","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":42805997,"CreationDate":"2014-12-14T12:07:00.000","Title":"Handling mutliple client connections as a server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script on my raspberry-pi continuously (every 5 seconds) running a loop to control the temperature of a pot with some electronics through GPIO. \nI monitor temperature on a web page by having the python script write the temperature to a text file witch I request from java script and HTTP on a web page.\nI would like to pass a parameter to the python script to make changes to the controlling, like change the target temperature.\nWhat would be the better way to do this? \nI'm working on a solution, where the python script is looking for parameters in a text file and then have a second python script write changes to this file. This second python script would be run by a http request from the web page.\nIs this a way to go? Or am I missing a more direct way to do this.\nThis must be done many time before and described on the web, but I find nothing. Maybe I don't have the right terms to describe the problem.\nAny hints is appreciated.\nBest regards Kresten","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":229,"Q_Id":27474557,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You have to write somewhere your configuration for looping script. So file or database are possible choices but I would say that a formatted file (ini, yaml, \u2026) is the way to go if you have a little number of parameters.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,web,raspberry-pi","A_Id":27474586,"CreationDate":"2014-12-14T21:52:00.000","Title":"Interact with python script running infinitive loop from web","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How to debug a scrapy Request object?\n\nrequestobj= FormRequest.from_response(response, formxpath =form_xpath,callback=self.parse1)\n\nI need to check formdata of requestobj .But I didn't find any documentation for debugging Request object","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":764,"Q_Id":27499546,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Use some traffic monitoring software , i personally use fiddler. it will help you to check the requests sent from python as well as from browsers","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,post,scrapy","A_Id":27499859,"CreationDate":"2014-12-16T07:24:00.000","Title":"scrapy debug Request object","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How to debug a scrapy Request object?\n\nrequestobj= FormRequest.from_response(response, formxpath =form_xpath,callback=self.parse1)\n\nI need to check formdata of requestobj .But I didn't find any documentation for debugging Request object","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":764,"Q_Id":27499546,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"try sending request to:\nhttp:\/\/httpbin.org\/\nor \nhttp:\/\/echo.opera.com\/\nyou will get a response with information your request","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,post,scrapy","A_Id":27615272,"CreationDate":"2014-12-16T07:24:00.000","Title":"scrapy debug Request object","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In cherrypy is there a configuration option so that sessions do not have a \"timeout\", or if they do, expire immediately when the browser is closed? Right now tools.sessions.on is true and tools.sessions.timeout is 60 minutes.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":474,"Q_Id":27517192,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Set tools.sessions.persistent to False","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,cherrypy","A_Id":27565293,"CreationDate":"2014-12-17T01:59:00.000","Title":"Cherrypy session timeout on browser closed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am new to Python programming. While making an application, I ran into this problem. \nI am parsing URL using urllib library of python. I want to convert any relative url into its corresponding absolute url. I get relative and absolute URLs in random fashiion and they may not be from the same domain. Now how do I store the last known absolute url to extract the netloc from it and append it to relative url? Should I save the last known absolute URL in a text file? Or is there any better option to this problem?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":117,"Q_Id":27553319,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Now how do I store the last known absolute url to extract the netloc\n  from it and append it to relative url? Should I save the last known\n  absolute URL in a text file?\n\nWhat do you think is wrong with this? Seems to make sense to me... (depending on context, obviously)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,urllib","A_Id":27556712,"CreationDate":"2014-12-18T18:30:00.000","Title":"URL parsing issue in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a program in python that will automatically download pdf files from a website once a day.\nWhen trying to test I noticed that the files downloaded had the correct extension but they are very small (<1kB) compared to the normal size of about 100kB when downloaded manually.\nCan a website block a program from automatically downloading files?\nIs there anything that can be done about this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":76,"Q_Id":27577032,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Yes. Cloudflare can block bots from downloading files. Blocking is usually done by detecting the user-agent or including javascript in a webpage. I would examine the pdf file in notepad and see what it contains also try adding a user-agent option in your python code.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":27577078,"CreationDate":"2014-12-20T04:49:00.000","Title":"Can a website stop a program from downloading files automatically?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have tried searching the official documentation, but no result. Does Chrome Web Driver needs to be in client's system for a python script using Selenium to run? I basically want to distribute compiled or executable file versions of the application to the end user. How do i include Chrome Web driver with that package?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":179,"Q_Id":27577584,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"chromedriver needs to be installed on the machine that will launch the instance of the Chrome browser.\nIf the machine that launches the Chrome instance is the same machine as where the Python script resides, then the answer to your question is \"yes\". \nIf the machine that launches the Chrome instance is a machine different from the machine that runs your Python script, then the answer to your question is \"no\".","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":27580663,"CreationDate":"2014-12-20T06:13:00.000","Title":"Does Chrome Web Drivers needs to be in Client's System while using Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using amazon dynamodb and accessing it via the python boto query interface. I have a very simple requirement\n\nI want to get 1000 entries. But I don't know the primary keys beforehand. I just want to get 1000 entries. How can I do this? ...I know how to use the query_2 but that requires knowing primary keys beforehand.\nAnd maybe afterwards I want to get another different 1000 and go on like that. You can consider it as sampling without replacement.How can I do this?\n\nAny help is much appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1903,"Q_Id":27584321,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Use Table.scan(max_page_size=1000)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-dynamodb,boto,sample","A_Id":27599549,"CreationDate":"2014-12-20T21:05:00.000","Title":"python dynamodb get 1000 entries","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I've been wondering regarding a spider, if maybe some of my requests might be getting filtered because they are to the url endpoint but with different body arguments (form data). Does the dont_filter=True make sense with FormRequest object?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":134,"Q_Id":27600761,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the request has the dont_filter attribute set, the offsite middleware will allow the request even if its domain is not listed in allowed domains.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":27602635,"CreationDate":"2014-12-22T10:24:00.000","Title":"scrapy: does it make sense to disable filtering on a formrequest?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have created a little screen scraper and everything seems to be working great, the information is being pulled and saved in a db. The only problem I am having is sometimes Python doesn't use the driver.back() so it then trys to get the information on the wrong page and crashes. I have tried adding a time.sleep(5) but sometimes it still isn't working. I am trying to optimise it to take as little time as possible. So making it sleep for 30 seconds doesn't seem to be a good solution.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":58493,"Q_Id":27626783,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try relocating elements each time it goes back to previous page. That will surely work but it is time consuming.","Q_Score":44,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":70415232,"CreationDate":"2014-12-23T19:28:00.000","Title":"Python selenium browser driver.back()","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to build a simple python server that a client can connect to without the client having to know the exact portnumber. Is that even possible? The thought is to choose a random portnumber and using it for clients to connect. \nI know you could use bind(host, 0) to get a random port number and socket.getsockname()[1] within the server to get my portnumber. But how could my client get the portnumber?\nI have tried socket.getnameinfo() but I don't think I understand how that method really works.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":689,"Q_Id":27628753,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In order to do that the server must listen on a certain port(s).\nThis means the client(s) will need to interact on these ports with it.\nSo... no it is impossible to do that on some random unknown port.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-programming,client-server,port,server","A_Id":27628809,"CreationDate":"2014-12-23T22:10:00.000","Title":"How to give a python client a port number from a python server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to build a simple python server that a client can connect to without the client having to know the exact portnumber. Is that even possible? The thought is to choose a random portnumber and using it for clients to connect. \nI know you could use bind(host, 0) to get a random port number and socket.getsockname()[1] within the server to get my portnumber. But how could my client get the portnumber?\nI have tried socket.getnameinfo() but I don't think I understand how that method really works.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":689,"Q_Id":27628753,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Take a look at Zeroconf, it seems to be the path to where you are trying to get to.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-programming,client-server,port,server","A_Id":27630673,"CreationDate":"2014-12-23T22:10:00.000","Title":"How to give a python client a port number from a python server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to build a simple python server that a client can connect to without the client having to know the exact portnumber. Is that even possible? The thought is to choose a random portnumber and using it for clients to connect. \nI know you could use bind(host, 0) to get a random port number and socket.getsockname()[1] within the server to get my portnumber. But how could my client get the portnumber?\nI have tried socket.getnameinfo() but I don't think I understand how that method really works.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":689,"Q_Id":27628753,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to advertise the port number somehow. Although DNS doesn't do that (well, you could probably cook up some resource record on the server object, but that's not really done) there are many network services that do. LDAP like active directory (you need write rights), DNS-SD dns service discovery, universal plug and play, service location protocol, all come to mind. You could even record the port number on some web page somewhere and have the client read it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,network-programming,client-server,port,server","A_Id":27628855,"CreationDate":"2014-12-23T22:10:00.000","Title":"How to give a python client a port number from a python server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have about 600k images url (in a list) and I would like to achieve the following :\n\nDownload all of them \ngenerate a thumbnail of specific dimensions \nupload them to Amazon s3\n\nI have estimated my images average to about 1mb which would be about 600gb of data transfer for downloads. I don't believe my laptop and my Internet connection can take it. \nWhich way should I go? I'd like preferably to have a solution that minimizes the cost. \nI was thinking of a Python script or a JavaScript job, run in parrallel if possible to minimize the time needed \nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":83,"Q_Id":27633641,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'd suggest spinning up one or more EC2 instances and running your thumbnail job there. You'll eliminate almost all lot of the bandwidth costs (free from ec2 instances in the right region to s3), and certainly the transfer speed will be faster within the AWS network.\nFor 600K files to process, you may want to consider loading each of those 'jobs' into an SQS queue, and then have multiple EC2 instances polling the queue for 'work to do' - this will allow you to spin up as many ec2 instances as you want to run in parallel and distribute the work.\nHowever, the work to setup the queue may or may not be worth it depending on how often you need to do this, and how quickly it needs to finish - i.e. if this is a one time thing, and you can wait a week for it to finish, a single instance plugging away may suffice.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,amazon-s3","A_Id":27647682,"CreationDate":"2014-12-24T08:09:00.000","Title":"Bulk download of web images","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an api with publishers + subscribers and I want to stop a publisher from uploading a lot of data if there are no subscribers. In an effort to avoid another RTT I want to parse the HTTP header, see if there are any subscribers and if not return an HTTP error before the publisher finishes sending all of the data. \nIs this possible? If so, how do I achieve it. I do not have post-buffering enabled in uwsgi and the data is being uploaded with a transfer encoding of chunked. Therefore, since uWSGi is giving me a content-length header, it must have buffered the whole thing somewhere previously. How do I get it to stop?\nP.S. uWSGi is being sent the data via nginx. Is there some configuration that I need to set there too perhaps?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":244,"Q_Id":27645172,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The limit here is nginx. It cannot avoid (unless when in websockets mode) buffering the input. You may have more luck with apache or the uWSGI http router (albeit i suppose they are not a viable choice)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,nginx,uwsgi","A_Id":27646090,"CreationDate":"2014-12-25T07:32:00.000","Title":"Can uWSGI return a response before the POST data is uploaded?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying, in Python, using the requests library, to get the HTML for a website that automatically redirects to another one. How do I avoid this and get the HTML for the original site, if possible? I know it exists and has HTML for it because I have accessed it via the Chrome view-source function. Any help appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":27651530,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Basically you don't. If the web server is returning a 302 unless it decides to include the old html(which would be very odd ) you are basically out of luck. \nNow if you hit it with a web browser and it doesn't redirect you, then perhaps it is doing something like user agent sniffing and redirecting based on that. So in that case you would need your code to claim to be that ua.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,python-requests","A_Id":27651589,"CreationDate":"2014-12-25T23:26:00.000","Title":"If a website gives a 302 HTTP response code, can I get the original link's raw HTML still?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use python to scrape a website implemented with infinite scroll. Actually, the web is pinterest. I know how to use selenium webdriver to scrape a web with infinite scroll. However, the webdriver basically imitates the process of visiting the web and is slow, much slower than using BeautifulSoup and urllib for scraping. Do you know any time efficient ways to scrape a web with infinite scroll? Thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3050,"Q_Id":27682975,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The infinite scroll is probably using an Ajax query to retrieve more data as you scroll. Use your browser's dev tools to inspect the request structure and try to hit the same endpoint directly. In this way you can get the data you need, often in json or xml format. \nIn chrome open the dev tools (Ctrl + shift + I  in windows) and switch to the network tab. Then begin to scroll, when more content is loaded you should see new network activity. Specifically a Ajax request, you can filter by \"xhr\". Click on the new network item and you will get detailed info on the request such as headers, the request body, the structure of the response, and the url (endpoint) the request is hitting. Scraping this url is the same as scraping a website except there will be no html to parse through just formatted data.\nSome websites will try to block this type of behavior. If that happens I suggest using phantomjs without selenium. It can be very fast (in comparison to selenium) for mimicking human interaction on websites.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":27683149,"CreationDate":"2014-12-29T03:17:00.000","Title":"Is there any fast ways to scrape a website with infinite scroll?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running test scripts in Robot framework using Google Chrome browser.\nBut when I run scripts consecutively two times, no message log gets generated in message log section in Run tab. This problem is being encountered only while using Chrome.\nCan anyone help me on this as why it is occurring.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":580,"Q_Id":27717059,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have you tried running the test with 'pybot -L TRACE' ?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium-webdriver,robotframework","A_Id":27816296,"CreationDate":"2014-12-31T06:21:00.000","Title":"Using Robot framework with Google Chrome browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am having a bit of trouble understanding API calls and the URLs I'm supposed to use for grabbing data from Imgur. I'm using the following URL to grab JSON data, but I'm receiving old data: http:\/\/imgur.com\/r\/wallpapers\/top\/day.json\nBut if I strip the .json from the end of the URL, I see the top pictures from today. \nAll I want is the JSON data from the top posts of today from Imgur, but keep getting data the refers to Dec 18th, 2014. \nI'm using the call in a Python script. I have a token from Imgur to do the stuff, and reading the API documentation, I see a lot of the examples start with https:\/\/api. instead of http:\/\/imgur.\nWhich one should I use?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":627,"Q_Id":27746182,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Imgur updated their docs, so the new and correct form of the URL I used was:\nr = requests.get(\"https:\/\/api.imgur.com\/3\/gallery\/r\/earthporn\/top\/\")","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,api,imgur","A_Id":28462956,"CreationDate":"2015-01-02T17:37:00.000","Title":"Correct API call to request JSON-formatted data from Imgur?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to open link in new tab using Selenium.\nSo is it possible to perform ctrl+click on element in Selenium to open it in new tab?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":102116,"Q_Id":27775759,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"By importing Keys Class, we can open page in new tab or new window with CONTROL or  SHIFT and ENTER these keys:\ndriver.find_element_by_xpath('\/\/input[@name=\"login\"]').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,Keys.ENTER)\nor \ndriver.find_element_by_xpath('\/\/input[@name=\"login\"]').send_keys(Keys.SHIFT,Keys.ENTER)","Q_Score":26,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,functional-testing","A_Id":55522157,"CreationDate":"2015-01-05T08:27:00.000","Title":"Send keys control + click in Selenium with Python bindings","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a script to create epub from html files, but when I check my epub I have the following error : Mimetype entry missing or not the first in archive\nThe Mimetype is present, but it's not the first file in the epub. Any idea how to put it in first place in any case using Python ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1098,"Q_Id":27799692,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The solution I've found:\n\ndelete the previous mimetype file\nwhen creating the new archive create an new mimetype file before adding anything else : zipFile.writestr(\"mimetype\", \"application\/epub+zip\")\n\nWhy does it work : the mimetype is the same for all epub : \"application\/epub+zip\", no need to use the original file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,zip,epub,epub3","A_Id":28436076,"CreationDate":"2015-01-06T13:28:00.000","Title":"epub3 : how to add the mimetype at first in archive","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python script that sends a mail from Yahoo including an attachment. This script runs on a Freebsd 7.2 client and uses firefox : Mozilla\/5.0 (X11; U; FreeBSD i386; en-US; rv:1.9.0.10) Gecko\/2009072813 Firefox\/3.0.10. The script fails with the error - Element xpath=\/\/input[@value=\"Send\"] not found. Checked the Page source, the x-Path exists. However, it is not visible in the compose page.\nKindly help me sort out this issue.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":673,"Q_Id":27814764,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Check if the button is inside an iframe. If it is then switch to frame and try it again.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,firefox,freebsd,yahoo-mail","A_Id":27815406,"CreationDate":"2015-01-07T07:54:00.000","Title":"Send button in yahoo mail page is not not visible - Firefox, Freebsd 7.2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to add new methods to a standard asyncio transport?\ne.g: Adding a send method to the SSL transport that serializes a protocol buffer, constructs a frame and uses the transports own write method to do a buffered write to the underlying socket.\nThere are plenty of asyncio server\/client examples out there, but I have not been able to find ones that implement their own transport or extends an already existing one.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":253,"Q_Id":27949714,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No. You cannot add a new method or inherit from existing asyncio transport.\nConsider transports as final or sealed, like sockets.\nYou should never want to inherit from socket but make your class that embeds the socket instance inside, right?\nThe same for transport. See asyncio.streams as example of building new API layer on top of transport\/protocol pair.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.4,python-asyncio","A_Id":27988750,"CreationDate":"2015-01-14T18:14:00.000","Title":"Adding methods to an asyncio Transport","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to find a way to test whether a URL is absolute or relative in Python. In the href attribute of an HTML tag, is the lack of a scheme (e.g. http, ftp, etc.) sufficient to mark a URL as relative, or is it possible to have an absolute URL as a href attribute without explicitly specifying the scheme (e.g. 'www.google.com')? I'm getting the scheme by using urlparse.urlparse('some url').scheme.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":173,"Q_Id":27955463,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you don't include the URI scheme (http:\/\/, https:\/\/, \/\/, etc) then the browser will assume it to be a relative URL.\nYou should be aware of scheme-relative URLs like \/\/www.google.com for your script.  In short your should look for a double forward slash \/\/ to figure out whether or not a URL will be treated as relative or not.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,tags,uri,url-scheme","A_Id":27955487,"CreationDate":"2015-01-15T01:29:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to have an absolute href attribute with no scheme?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Let's say I have a billing agreement, which I just executed on the callback from the PayPal site:\n\nresource = BillingAgreement.execute(token)\n\nThe resource returned does not have any payer information (name, email, etc).  I can use the ID to load the full BillingAgreement:\n\nbilling_agreement = BillingAgreement.find(resource.id)\n\nThat returns successfully, but the resulting object also lacks an payer info.\nThis seems like a critical oversight in the REST API's design.  If I just got a user to sign up for a subscription, don't I need to know who they are?  How else will I send them a confirmation email, allow them to cancel later, etc?\nThanks for the help!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":555,"Q_Id":27972459,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Got a reply from PayPal support.  Apparently you can take the same token you pass to BillingAgreement.execute() and pass it to GetExpressCheckoutDetails in their classic API.  I tried it and it works.  It means you have to use both APIs (which we weren't planning to do) and store both API auth info, which is annoying.  Hopefully they'll fix it someday, but if it's been high-priority for two months I'm not holding my breath.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rest,paypal","A_Id":27989541,"CreationDate":"2015-01-15T20:32:00.000","Title":"In the PayPal REST API, how can I get payer information from a newly executed BillingAgreement?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The documentation of recv_exit_status() in paramiko\/channel.py says\n\n\"If no exit status is provided by the server, -1 is returned.\".\n\nIn which situation can it happen that the server (Unix) is providing no exit status?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":233,"Q_Id":27985812,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For example, when the connection was unexpectedly dropped.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,unix,ssh,paramiko,robotframework","A_Id":27986741,"CreationDate":"2015-01-16T14:11:00.000","Title":"When does recv_exit_status() return -1?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Given that every library is a python code itself, I think its logical that instead of using the import command, we can actually copy the whole code of that library and paste it to the top of our main.py.\nI'm working on a remote pc, I cannot install libraries, can I use a library by just doing this?\nForgive me if this a very silly question.\nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":231,"Q_Id":28028695,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Most modules are actually written in C, like Pygame for example. Python itself is based on C. You can't jump to conclusions, but if the library is pure Python, I'd suggest copying the package into your project directory and importing, rather than copying and pasting code snippets.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":28028959,"CreationDate":"2015-01-19T16:00:00.000","Title":"Manually adding libraries","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Client side tool to extract values such as common name serial number and public key from pfx file which is loaded by client, and then sign the public key and send to server..\nI have completed the backend python code which will import modules from OpenSSL.Crypto library.. \nHow to execute the same in client side?.. i.e signing operation should be done in client side, \nIn google i found like Brython, skulpt, pyjams help in this.. But i m confused to start.. Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":146,"Q_Id":28038384,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"So, first things first: it is not usueal to have the same code to run on server side and client side.\nSecond thing: be aware that no authentication (or \"signing\") done on client side can be regarded as safe. At most, the client side can take care of closely coupling the signing with the UI to give the user dynamic feedback - but since whatever requests the client side send to the server can very easily be impersonated by an script, authentication must be performed server side for each request -  for example, a variable saying the current user has authenticated correctly can just be sent as \"True\", regardless of usernames and passwords actually known.\nThird thing: despite all this, since there are these frameworks for using Python or a Python like language client side, it is indeed possible to have some modules in  a code base that are used both client side and server side. Of those, I am most familiar with Brython which has achieved a nice level of Python 3.x compatibility and I indeed have a project sharing code client side and server side.   \nThe re-used code would have to be refactored to abstract any I\/O (like getting user input, or getting values from a database), of couse, since these are fundamentally different things on server side, and client side. Still, some core logic can be in place that is reused both sides. \nHowever third party python modules, like Pycrypto won't work client side (you could probably code a xmlrpc\/jsonrpc like call to use it server side) -\nand although Python's hashlib is not implemented now in Brython, the project has got a momentum that opening a feature request for at least the same codecs that exist in javascript could be fulfilled in a matter of days. \n(bugs\/features requests can be open at github.com\/brython-dev\/brython)\n(PS. I just found out, to my dismay, that currently there is no standard way to compute any hash, not even md5, in Javascript without third party modules - that just emphasize the utilities of frameworks like Brython or coffescript which can bring up a bundle of functionality in a clean way)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,openssl,pycrypto,brython","A_Id":28065519,"CreationDate":"2015-01-20T05:30:00.000","Title":"Python Client side tool( should work in browser) to extract values from a pfx file and sign it","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Socket module has a socket.recv_into method, so it can use user-defined bytebuffer (like bytearray) for zero-copy. But perhaps BaseEventLoop has no method like that. Is there a way to use method like socket.recv_into in asyncio?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1555,"Q_Id":28044269,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You may implement own asyncio transport which utilizes .recv_into() function but yes, for now asyncio has not a way to use .recv_into() out-the-box.\nPersonally I doubt in very big speedup: when you develop with C the zero-copy is extremely important but for high-level languages like Python benefits are much lesser.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,python-asyncio","A_Id":28050981,"CreationDate":"2015-01-20T11:29:00.000","Title":"is there any operation like socket.recv_into in python 3 asyncio?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Socket module has a socket.recv_into method, so it can use user-defined bytebuffer (like bytearray) for zero-copy. But perhaps BaseEventLoop has no method like that. Is there a way to use method like socket.recv_into in asyncio?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1555,"Q_Id":28044269,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The low-level socket operations defined for BaseEventLoop require a socket.socket object to be passed in, e.g. BaseEventLoop.sock_recv(sock, nbytes). So, given that you have a socket.socket, you could call sock.recv_into(). Whether it is a good idea to do that is another question.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,python-asyncio","A_Id":28045430,"CreationDate":"2015-01-20T11:29:00.000","Title":"is there any operation like socket.recv_into in python 3 asyncio?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was looking at how to send a TCP FIN using python socket. \nI tried using the socket.socket.close and it sends out a TCP RST and not a TCP FIN. Can someone please let me know what is the API?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.6640367703,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3320,"Q_Id":28057383,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"From the python doc:\n\nNote\nclose() releases the resource associated with a connection but does\n  not necessarily close the connection immediately. If you want to close\n  the connection in a timely fashion, call shutdown() before close().","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":28057748,"CreationDate":"2015-01-20T23:56:00.000","Title":"how to send a TCP FIN using python sockets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to learn how socket module works and I have a dumb question:\nWhere is socket.send()'s sent data stored before being cleared by socket.recv()?. \nI believe there must be a buffer somewhere in the middle awaiting for socket.recv() calls to pull this data out.\nI just made a test with a server which sent a lot of data at once, and then connected to a client that (intentionally) pulled data very slowly. The final result was that data was sent within a fraction of a second and, on the other side, it was entirely received in small chunks of 10 bytes .recv(10), which took 20 seconds long .\nWhere has this data been stored meanwhile??, what is the default size of this buffer?, how can it be accessed and modified? \nthanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":184,"Q_Id":28057552,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Learn about OSI layers, and different connections such as TCP and UDP. socket.send implements a TCP transmission of data. If you look into the OSI layers, you will find out that the 4th layer (i.e. transport layer) will buffer the data to be transmitted. The default size of the buffer depends on the implementation.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,buffer,recv","A_Id":28057641,"CreationDate":"2015-01-21T00:14:00.000","Title":"Trying to understand buffering in Python socket module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to learn how socket module works and I have a dumb question:\nWhere is socket.send()'s sent data stored before being cleared by socket.recv()?. \nI believe there must be a buffer somewhere in the middle awaiting for socket.recv() calls to pull this data out.\nI just made a test with a server which sent a lot of data at once, and then connected to a client that (intentionally) pulled data very slowly. The final result was that data was sent within a fraction of a second and, on the other side, it was entirely received in small chunks of 10 bytes .recv(10), which took 20 seconds long .\nWhere has this data been stored meanwhile??, what is the default size of this buffer?, how can it be accessed and modified? \nthanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":184,"Q_Id":28057552,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The OS (kernel) buffers the data.\nOn Linux the buffer size parameters may be accessed through the \/proc interface. See man 7 socket for more details (towards the end.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,buffer,recv","A_Id":28057652,"CreationDate":"2015-01-21T00:14:00.000","Title":"Trying to understand buffering in Python socket module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a python server that does a task depending on the input given by the user through a client. Unfortunately, this requires the user to use the terminal.\nI'd like the user to use a browser instead to send the data to the server. How would I go on about this?\nDoes anyone here have suggestions? Perhaps even an example?\nThank you all in advance,","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":231,"Q_Id":28109630,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Answering my question for future reference or other people with similar requests.\nAll of the requirements for this can be found in the standard module BaseHTTPServer","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,browser,client,server","A_Id":28124355,"CreationDate":"2015-01-23T12:10:00.000","Title":"Python - Server and browser-client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my Django app I need to send an HTTP PUT request to a url.\nWhat is the proper syntax for that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":831,"Q_Id":28115111,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Found the answer:\nreq = urllib2.Request(url=your_url, data=your_data)\nreq.get_method = lambda: 'PUT'","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"django,python-2.7","A_Id":28115962,"CreationDate":"2015-01-23T17:10:00.000","Title":"How to send an HTTP PUT request using urllib2 or requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using an API that returns me articles in my language in determined categories. This API limits me in 100 calls for each interval of 60 minutes.\nI don't want to make 100 calls straight away and make my script wait until 60 minutes has passed.\nI could then shoot an API call every 36 seconds, but I also don't want the API calls to be shot evenly.\nWhat is a feasible way to make my script make 100 API calls at random intervals of time, as long as the 100 fits in 60 minutes?\nI thought of making a function that would generate 100 timestamps in this 60 minutes interval, and then at the right time of each timestamp, it would shoot an API call, but I think that'd be overkill, and I'm not sure how I could do that either.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":303,"Q_Id":28124450,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"What you could do is choose a min\/max interval of how long you want to wait. Keep a note of how many requests have been made in the last 60 minutes and if you're still below the quota, download a document and wait for rand(min, max). This is not very fancy and doesn't distribute the wait times across the whole 60 minutes interval, but it's easy to implement.\nAnother way would be to randomly choose 100 numbers between 0 and 60*60. These are the seconds on which you make requests. Sort them and as you progress through the array, each time you wait for next - current seconds. (or even use the scheduler module to simplify it a bit)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7","A_Id":28124506,"CreationDate":"2015-01-24T10:20:00.000","Title":"How can I distribute 100 API calls randomly in a 60 minutes time interval?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Which is the more resource-friendly way to collect SNMP traps from a Cisco router via python:\n\nI could use a manager on a PC running a server, where the Cisco SNMP traps are sent to in case one occurs\nI could use an agent to send a GET\/GETBULK request every x timeframe to check if any new traps have occurred\n\nI am looking for a way to run the script so that it uses the least resources as possible. Not many traps will occur so the communication will be low mostly, but as soon as one does occur, the PC should know immediately.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2151,"Q_Id":28152579,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Approach 1 is better from most perspectives. \n\nIt uses a little memory on the PC due to running a trap collecting daemon, but the footprint should be reasonably small since it only needs to listen for traps and decode them, not do any complex task.\nExisting tools to receive traps include the net-snmp suite which allows you to just configure the daemon (i e you don't have to do any programming if you want to save some time).\n\nApproach 2 has a couple of problems:\n\nNo matter what polling interval you choose, you run the risk of missing an alarm that was only active on the router for a short time.\nConsumes CPU and network resources even if no faults are occurring.\nDepending on the MIB of the router, some types of event may not be stored in any table for later retrieval. For Cisco, I would not expect this problem, but you do need to study the MIB and make sure of this.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,cisco,pysnmp","A_Id":48458525,"CreationDate":"2015-01-26T14:54:00.000","Title":"Collecting SNMP traps with pySNMP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Google Drive's API to download a video from my Drive account. However, I'm using Partial Download, receiving the file by chunks. This is done by a Python script.\nIf I try to play it using html5 , it won't work as I want because it plays until the size the file had before loading the page and then it stops, without waiting for the next chunk or updating to the current filesize.\nIs there a way to play it as if it was streaming?\nIn the near future I also need to stream this way to chromecast and other devices (android, ps4, etc).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":369,"Q_Id":28154828,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What you are looking to do is called progressive download, or pseudo-streaming. It is possible with the mp4 container if the moov atom is before the mdat atom. This is sometimes called faststart","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,video,google-drive-api,html5-video,chromecast","A_Id":28157049,"CreationDate":"2015-01-26T16:53:00.000","Title":"How to play a video being downloaded as if it was a stream?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"After adding a user,\nhow can I reload the Dial-plan XML dynamical using script.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":864,"Q_Id":28170340,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Using the EventSocket or simply a shell script calling fscli -x \"reloadxml\"","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,lua,freeswitch","A_Id":28245548,"CreationDate":"2015-01-27T12:16:00.000","Title":"In freeswitch is there any possibility to reload xml using script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an embedded system connected with an ethernet port to one of my 2 ethernet interfaces, but I have the problem that my python code for the socket connection does not know where to connect to the embedded.\nI mean, sometimes I get the connection and sometimes I just don't (and I have to change the cable to the other interface), because I don't know how the socket functionality is getting the right ethernet port in which it has to connect.\nis there anything I can do on my python code to know the correct ethernet port in which the embedded is connected? (in order to know every time I connect it without changing the cable to another interface)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":172,"Q_Id":28174487,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Unplug one and if it stops working - you found the right one.\nIf it does not stop working it is the other one.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,ethernet","A_Id":28174528,"CreationDate":"2015-01-27T15:50:00.000","Title":"I have 2 ethernet interfaces on the same PC, how to know which interface is connected in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi I want to make a web crawler that checks URL for data, If i make a simple Gui that would make the script easier to look for variables in that data, Would adding code for the gui make my web crawler less efficient ?\nI need the crawler to be as efficient as possible, to be able to process data as fast as possible. Would making a gui for this Python script, hinder the performance of the web crawler ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":150,"Q_Id":28177807,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As long as you clearly separate your GUI logic from your processing logic, it shouldn't. As is the case with all optimization though, the best approach is to make the thing work first, then profile and optimize if it isn't performing fast enough for you.\nI would suggest you first create your web crawler and forget the GUI. Profile and optimize it if you think it's too slow. Build it with the goal of it being an importable library. Once that works from the command line, then create your GUI front-end and bind your web crawling library functions and classes to the buttons and fields in your GUI. That clear separation should ensure that the GUI logic doesn't interfere with the performance of the web crawling. In particular, try to avoid updating the GUI with status information in the middle of the web crawling.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,user-interface,tkinter","A_Id":28177945,"CreationDate":"2015-01-27T18:49:00.000","Title":"If I make a simple gui for my python script, would it affect its efficiency?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have some git commands scripted in python and occasionally git fetch can hang for hours if there is no connectivity. Is there a way to time it out and report a failure instead?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2127,"Q_Id":28180013,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No you can't, you need to timeout the command using a wrapper.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,git,timeout","A_Id":29615466,"CreationDate":"2015-01-27T21:07:00.000","Title":"Can you specify a timeout to git fetch?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to extract mails from gmail using python. I noticed that I can get mails from \"[Gmail]\/All Mail\", \"[Gmail]\/Drafts\",\"[Gmail]\/Spam\" and so on. However, is there any method to retrieve mails that are labeled with \"Primary\", \"Social\", \"Promotions\" etc.? These tags are under the \"categories\" label, and I don't know how to access it.\nBy the way, I am using imaplib in python. Do I need to access the \"categories\" with some pop library?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":596,"Q_Id":28183527,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Unfortunately the categories are not exposed to IMAP.  You can work around that by using filters in Gmail to apply normal user labels.  (Filter on, e.g., category:social.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,gmail","A_Id":28184142,"CreationDate":"2015-01-28T02:18:00.000","Title":"How to extract mail in \"categories\" label in gmail?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to extract mails from gmail using python. I noticed that I can get mails from \"[Gmail]\/All Mail\", \"[Gmail]\/Drafts\",\"[Gmail]\/Spam\" and so on. However, is there any method to retrieve mails that are labeled with \"Primary\", \"Social\", \"Promotions\" etc.? These tags are under the \"categories\" label, and I don't know how to access it.\nBy the way, I am using imaplib in python. Do I need to access the \"categories\" with some pop library?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":596,"Q_Id":28183527,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, categories are not available in IMAP. However, rather than filters, I found that gmail api is more favorable for me to get mail by category.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,gmail","A_Id":28218594,"CreationDate":"2015-01-28T02:18:00.000","Title":"How to extract mail in \"categories\" label in gmail?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In C socket programming at the server-side, after a connection is accepted we can get a handle of the new socket (who is transmitting the data) by \"connfd\" which is the return value of \"accept\". \nNow I'm trying to implement a web server with Python, I have a handler based on BaseHttpRequestHandler, who handles the requests with the do-Get method. \nHow can I get ahold of the socket that is transmitting data now (the socket created after the accept and not the one created after bind)?\nThe reason I need the socket is that I need to read TCP_info from getsockopt with it.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":141,"Q_Id":28205527,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Found it! It is \"self.request\"!! Confusing style of naming.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,http,webserver","A_Id":28205847,"CreationDate":"2015-01-29T01:25:00.000","Title":"where's the equivalent of connfd (created socket in C) in python's BaseHTTPRequestHandler","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am having a simple python script scraping some data from html page and writing out results to a csv file. How can I automate the scraping, i.e. kick it off every five minutes under Windows.\nThanks\nPeter","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":11625,"Q_Id":28215153,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If you are using Windows i would suggest using Windows Task Scheduler, it's quite simple thanks to the UI and from there Trigger your Python code.\nFor a server environment like Linux you could set up a Cron task.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python","A_Id":28215366,"CreationDate":"2015-01-29T12:46:00.000","Title":"Run python script every 5 minutes under Windows","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am sending 20000 messages from a DEALER to a ROUTER using pyzmq.\nWhen I pause 0.0001 seconds between each messages they all arrive but if I send them 10x faster by pausing 0.00001 per message only around half of the messages arrive.\nWhat is causing the problem?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1622,"Q_Id":28246973,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"What is causing the problem?\nA default setup of the ZMQ IO-thread - that is responsible for the mode of operations.\nI would dare to call it a problem, the more if you invest your time and dive deeper into the excellent ZMQ concept and architecture.\nSince early versions of the ZMQ library, there were some important parameters, that help the central masterpiece ( the IO-thread ) keep the grounds both stable and scalable and thus giving you this powerful framework.\nZero SHARING \/ Zero COPY \/ (almost) Zero LATENCY are the maxims that do not come at zero-cost.\nThe ZMQ.Context instance has quite a rich internal parametrisation that can be modified via API methods.\nLet me quote from a marvelous and precious source -- Pieter HINTJENS' book, Code Connected, Volume 1.\n( It is definitely worth spending time and step through the PDF copy. C-language code snippets do not hurt anyone's pythonic state of mind as the key messages are in the text and stories that Pieter has crafted into his 300+ thrilling pages ).\n\nHigh-Water Marks\nWhen you can send messages rapidly from process to process, you soon discover that memory is a precious resource, and one that can be trivially filled up. A few seconds of delay somewhere in a process can turn into a backlog that blows up a server unless you understand the problem and take precautions.\n...\n\u00d8MQ uses the concept of HWM (high-water mark) to define the capacity of its internal pipes. Each connection out of a socket or into a socket has its own pipe, and HWM for sending, and\/or receiving, depending on the socket type. Some sockets (PUB, PUSH) only have send buffers. Some (SUB, PULL, REQ, REP) only have receive buffers. Some (DEALER, ROUTER, PAIR) have both send and receive buffers.\nIn \u00d8MQ v2.x, the HWM was infinite by default. This was easy but also typically fatal for high-volume publishers. In \u00d8MQ v3.x, it\u2019s set to 1,000 by default, which is more sensible. If you\u2019re still using \u00d8MQ v2.x, you should always set a HWM on your sockets, be it 1,000 to match \u00d8MQ v3.x or another figure that takes into account your message sizes and expected subscriber performance.\nWhen your socket reaches its HWM, it will either block or drop data depending on the socket type. PUB and ROUTER sockets will drop data if they reach their HWM, while other socket types will block. Over the inproc transport, the sender and receiver share the same buffers, so the real HWM is the sum of the HWM set by both sides.\nLastly, the HWM-s are not exact; while you may get up to 1,000 messages by default, the real buffer size may be much lower (as little as half), due to the way libzmq implements its queues.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,zeromq,pyzmq","A_Id":28255012,"CreationDate":"2015-01-31T00:52:00.000","Title":"ZMQ DEALER ROUTER loses message at high frequency?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Suppose I have to create a graph with 15 nodes and certain nodes. Instead of feeding the nodes via coding, can the draw the nodes and links using mouse on a figure? Is there any way to do this interactively?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":105,"Q_Id":28260051,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No.\nSorry.  In principle it could be possible to create a GUI which interfaces with networkx (and maybe some people have), but it's not built directly into networkx.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,graph,networkx","A_Id":28291575,"CreationDate":"2015-02-01T06:14:00.000","Title":"Python : Is there a way to interactively draw a graph in NetworkX?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to send a file via post request to server on localhost. I'm using HttpRequester in Firefox (also tried Postman in Chrome and Tasker on Android) to sumbit request.\nThe problem is that request.FILES is always empty. But when I try to print request.body it shows some non-human-readable data which particularly include the data from the file I want to upload (it's a database).  So it makes sense to me that somehow file arrives to the server.\nFrom Django docs:\n\nNote that FILES will only contain data if the request method was POST\n  and the  that posted to the request had\n  enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\". Otherwise, FILES will be a blank\n  dictionary-like object.\n\nThere was an error 'Invalid boundary in multipart: None' when I tried to set Content-type of request to 'multipart\/form-data'. An error disappeared when I added ';boundary=frontier' to Content-type.\nAnother approach was to set enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\".\nTherefore I have several questions:\n\nShould I use exactly multipart\/form-data content-type?\nWhere can I specify enctype? (headers, parameters, etc)\nWhy the file's data contains in request.body but request.FILES is empty?\n\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3002,"Q_Id":28295059,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Should I use exactly multipart\/form-data content-type?\n\n\nDjango supports only multipart\/form-data, so you must use that content-type.\n\n\nWhere can I specify enctype? (headers, parameters, etc)\n\n\nin normal HTML just put enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\" as one of parameters of your form element. In HttpRequester it's more complicated, because I think it lacks support for multipart\/form-data by default. http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/html4\/interact\/forms.html#h-17.13.4.2 is more details about multipart\/form-data, it should be possible to run it in HttpRequester by hand.\n\n\nWhy the file's data contains in request.body but request.FILES is empty?\n\n\nYou've already answered that:\n\n\nNote that FILES will only contain data if the request method was POST and the that posted to the request had enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\". Otherwise, FILES will be a blank dictionary-like object.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,django,forms,post","A_Id":28295685,"CreationDate":"2015-02-03T09:08:00.000","Title":"Empty request.FILES in Django","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Since my scaper is running so slow (one page at a time) so I'm trying to use thread to make it work faster. I have a function scrape(website) that take in a website to scrape, so easily I can create each thread and call start() on each of them.\nNow I want to implement a num_threads variable that is the number of threads that I want to run at the same time. What is the best way to handle those multiple threads?\nFor ex: supposed num_threads = 5 , my goal is to start 5 threads then grab the first 5 website in the list and scrape them, then if thread #3 finishes, it will grab the 6th website from the list to scrape immidiately, not wait until other threads end.\nAny recommendation for how to handle it? Thank you","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1243,"Q_Id":28308285,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends.\nIf your code is spending most of its time waiting for network operations (likely, in a web scraping application), threading is appropriate.  The best way to implement a thread pool is to use concurrent.futures in 3.4.  Failing that, you can create a threading.Queue object and write each thread as an infinite loop that consumes work objects from the queue and processes them.\nIf your code is spending most of its time processing data after you've downloaded it, threading is useless due to the GIL.  concurrent.futures provides support for process concurrency, but again only works in 3.4+.  For older Pythons, use multiprocessing.  It provides a Pool type which simplifies the process of creating a process pool.\nYou should profile your code (using cProfile) to determine which of those two scenarios you are experiencing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":28308422,"CreationDate":"2015-02-03T20:38:00.000","Title":"Python what is the best way to handle multiple threads","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using PhantomJS via Python through Selenium+Ghostdriver.\nI am looking to load several pages simultaneously and to do so, I am looking for an async method to load pages.\nFrom my research, PhantomJS already lives in a separate thread and supports multiple tabs, so I believe the only missing piece of the puzzle is a method to load pages in a non-blocking way.\nAny solution would be welcome, be it a simple Ghostdriver method I overlooked, bypassing Ghostdriver and interfacing directly with PhantomJS or a different headless browser.\nThanks for the help and suggestions.\nYuval","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":691,"Q_Id":28319579,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you want to bypass ghostdriver, then you can directly write your PhantomJS scripts in JavaScript or CoffeeScript. As far as I know there is no way of doing this with the selenium webdriver except with different threads in the language of your choice (python).\nIf you are not happy with it, there is CasperJS which has more freedom in writing scripts than with selenium, but you will only be able to use PhantomJS or SlimerJS.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver,phantomjs,headless-browser,ghostdriver","A_Id":28319699,"CreationDate":"2015-02-04T10:55:00.000","Title":"Opening pages asynchronously in headless browser (PhantomJS)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am currently authenticating via a RESTful http api that generates a token which is then used for subsequent request.\nThe api server is written with python twisted and works great\nthe auth token generation works fine in browsers\nWhen requesting from software written in pyqt\nthe first request hands over a token to the pyqt app\nwhile subsequent request from the pyqt app fails because the remote twisted server believes it is another browser entirely.\njavascript ajax does this too but is solvable by sending xhrFields: {withCredentials: true} along with the request.\nHow do I resolve this in PyQt?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":49,"Q_Id":28324393,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"So i figured out that Qt isn't sending the TWISTED_SESSION cookie back with subsequent requests.\nall i did was send the cookie along with subsequent requests and it worked fine.\ni had to sqitch to python's request to ease things","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,qt,pyqt,twisted,twisted.web","A_Id":28327369,"CreationDate":"2015-02-04T14:56:00.000","Title":"IQtNetwork.QHttp request credential issue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am doing a digital signage project using Raspberry-Pi. The R-Pi will be connected to HDMI display and to internet. There will be one XML file and one self-designed HTML webpage in R-Pi.The XML file will be frequently updated from remote terminal.\nMy idea is to parse the XML file using Python (lxml) and pass this parsed data to my local HTML webpage so that it can display this data in R-Pi's web-browser.The webpage will be frequently reloading to reflect the changed data. \nI was able to parse the XML file using Python (lxml). But what tools should I use to display this parsed contents (mostly strings) in a local HTML webpage ?\nThis question might sound trivial but I am very new to this field and could not find any clear answer anywhere. Also there are methods that use PHP for parsing XML and then pass it to HTML page but as per my other needs I am bound to use Python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4898,"Q_Id":28329977,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think there are 3 steps you need to make it work.\n\nExtracting only the data you want from the given XML file.\nUsing simple template engine to insert the extracted data into a HTML file.\nUse a web server to service the file create above.\n\nStep 1) You are already using lxml which is a good library for doing this so I don't think you need help there.\nStep 2) Now there are many python templating engines out there but for a simple purpose you just need an HTML file that was created in advance with some special markup such as {{0}}, {{1}} or whatever that works for you. This would be your template. Take the data from step 1 and just do find and replace in the template and save the output to a new HTML file.\nStep 3) To make that file accessible using a browser on a different device or a PC you need to service it using a simple HTTP web server. Python provides http.server library or you can use an 3rd party web server and just make sure it can access the file created on step 2.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,html,xml,parsing,raspberry-pi","A_Id":28361971,"CreationDate":"2015-02-04T19:40:00.000","Title":"Parse XML file in python and display it in HTML page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How I can use some 'extra' python module which is not located localy but on a remote server? Somthing like using maven dependencies with Java","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":32,"Q_Id":28379325,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You would be better off to install those modules locally. \nCan you create packages of those modules (either using pip or something similar) then you can distribute them to your local box.\nOf what I know, there is nothing similar.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,python-import,python-module","A_Id":29157556,"CreationDate":"2015-02-07T06:30:00.000","Title":"How to use remote python modules","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I recognize SSL packets when I sniff in scapy?\nI know that SSL packets are going through port 443, can I assume that all the TCP packets that go through port 443 are SSL packets?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6880,"Q_Id":28406798,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can neither assume that all traffic using port 443 is SSL and also that SSL can only be found on port 443. To detect SSL traffic you might try to look at the first bytes, i.e. a data stream starting with \\x16\\x03 followed by [\\x00-\\x03] might be a ClientHello for SSL 3.0 ... TLS 1.2. But of course it might also be some other protocol which just uses the same initial byte sequence.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssl,packet,scapy","A_Id":28407181,"CreationDate":"2015-02-09T09:47:00.000","Title":"Scapy sniffing SSL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a local path like C:\\Users\\some_user\\Desktop\\some_folder\\attachments\\20150210115. I need to generate network path with python like \\\\PC_NAME\\C:\\Users\\some_user\\Desktop\\some_folder\\attachments\\20150210115 or something like this to get this folder from other windows pc. Is it possible to do in python automatically or I need just to hardcode local path replacing pc name and other staff?\nUPDATE\nSorry, I not so familiar with Windows path as I live in Linux. I just need to generate network path for local path and send it to other device.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1113,"Q_Id":28432231,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Having thought about the problem itself: No, it's not possible to do this in any general way, because there's absolutely no reason why C:\\path\\to\\file should correspond to \\\\PCNAME\\C:\\path\\to\\file; that requires that the folder C:\\ has the share name C:, which might be canonical on windows machines, but not fixed. In fact, normal users don't even get to read the full list of shares of a windows computer including their local bindings.\nEDIT: as the others pointed out, there are ways to get your machines network name, but you'll have to build the network path with that manually, and I think your question was about automatically matching a file to it's windows share \"URL\".","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7","A_Id":28432344,"CreationDate":"2015-02-10T12:55:00.000","Title":"How to get network path from local path?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a lot of data files (almost 150) in binary structure created according the .proto scheme of Protocol Buffer. Is there any efficient solution how to merge all the files to just one big binary data file without losing any information?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":720,"Q_Id":28497204,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Thanks to @Likor, I can just combine the binaries using cat proto1.bin proto1.bin > combined_proto.bin then de-serialize the binary to string.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,protocol-buffers","A_Id":71591118,"CreationDate":"2015-02-13T10:15:00.000","Title":"Protocol Buffer - merge binary data files with the same .proto file to the one file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am iterating a list of links for screen scraping.  The pages have JavaScript so I use Selenium.  I have a defined a function to get the source for each page.\n\nShould I instantiate the WebDriver inside that function, which will happen once per loop?\nOr should I instantiate outside the function and pass the WebDriver in?\nOr assign the WebDriver to a variable that will be visible from inside the function, without explicitly passing it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":28514950,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Each instantiation of WebDriver launches a new browser, which is a very costly operation, so option 1 is not what you want to do. \nI would also not do option 3 because it is not good coding practice to depend on global variables when it can easily be avoided. \nThis leaves you option 2: instantiate WebDriver once and pass the instance to your function(s).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":28515299,"CreationDate":"2015-02-14T11:03:00.000","Title":"Where should I instantiate my WebDriver instance when looping?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I started writing some python code that adds events to a spreadsheet in Google Sheets using gdata. Everything went well and it works, but now I wanted to add these same events to a calendar and I can't figure out what I'm supposed to use. \nI see that the calendar API on Google is at V3 and they suggest I install google-api-python-client. Gdata seems to be almost abandoned and I feel like I'm lost in the middle.\nI would just like to be able to use one python API to add data to a calendar and a spreadsheet and if possible keeping things simple as I'm really not very good at this yet. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":303,"Q_Id":28517789,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You'll need to continue to use gdata for sheets until a new version that supports Google API is released.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,gdata,google-api-python-client","A_Id":28519427,"CreationDate":"2015-02-14T16:43:00.000","Title":"Python API for Google Calendar and Spreadsheets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I came across the term \"Opinionated API\" when reading about the ssl.create_default_context() function introduced by Python 3.4, what does it mean? What's the style of such API? Why do we call it an \"opinionated one\"?\nThanks a lot.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2047,"Q_Id":28535671,"Users Score":17,"Answer":"It means that the creator of the API makes some choices for you that are in her opinion the best.\nFor example, a web application framework could choose to work best with (or even bundle or work exclusively with) a selection of lower-level libraries (for stuff like logging, database access, session management) instead of letting you choose (and then have to configure) your own.\nIn the case of ssl.create_default_context some security experts have thought about reasonably secure defaults to configure SSL connections. In particular, it limits the available algorithms to those that are still considered secure, at the expense of complete compatibility with legacy systems, a trade-off that is beneficial in their (and my) opinion. \nEssentially they are saying \"we have a lot of experience in this domain, and we really think you should do things in the following way\".\nI suppose this is a response to \"enterprise\" API that claim to work with every implementation of as many standard interfaces as possible (at the expense of complexity in configuration and combination, requiring costly consultants to set up everything). \nOr a natural extension of \"Convention over Configuration\". \nThings should work very well out-of-the-box, so that you only have to twiddle around with expert settings in special cases (and by then you should know what you are doing), as opposed to even a beginner having to make informed decisions about every aspect of the application (which can end in disaster).","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"api,python-3.x","A_Id":28535731,"CreationDate":"2015-02-16T06:27:00.000","Title":"What does \"Opinionated API\" mean?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Which is the best method for sending a data using sockets:\nMethod 1: Creating a new socket every time when data needs to be sent and closing it when the transfer is complete.\nMethod 2: Using the same socket instead of creating a new socket and maintaining the connection even when waiting for new data.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2330,"Q_Id":28541889,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"That depends. Creating a new socket means two computers have to discover each other, so there is name lookup, TCP\/IP routing and resource allocation involved. Not really cheap but not that expensive either. Unless you send data more than 10 times\/second, you won't notice.\nIf you keep a socket open and don't send data for some time, a firewall between the two computers will eventually decide that this connection is stale and forget about it. The next data packet you send will fail with a timeout.\nSo the main difference between the two methods is whether you can handle the timeout case properly in your code. You will have to handle this every time you write data to the socket. \nIn many cases, the code to write is hidden very deep somewhere and the code doesn't actually know that it's writing to a socket plus you will have more than one place where you write data, so the error handling will leak into your design. That's why most people prefer to create a new socket every time, even if it's somewhat expensive.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking","A_Id":28542041,"CreationDate":"2015-02-16T12:55:00.000","Title":"Which is a larger overhead: Creating a new socket each time or maintaining a single socket for data transfer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Which is the best method for sending a data using sockets:\nMethod 1: Creating a new socket every time when data needs to be sent and closing it when the transfer is complete.\nMethod 2: Using the same socket instead of creating a new socket and maintaining the connection even when waiting for new data.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2330,"Q_Id":28541889,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"It depends on the kind of socket, but in the usual cases it is better to keep the socket unless you have very limited resources.\n\nUDP is connectionless, that is you create the socket and there is no delay because of connection setup when sending a packet. But there are still system calls involved and allocating memory etc, so it is cheap but not free.\nTCP instead needs to establish the connection before you can even start to sending data. How fast this is done depends on the latency, i.e. fast on local machine, slower in local network and even slower on the internet. Also, connection start slowly because the available bandwidth is not known yet.\nWith SSL\/TLS on top of TCP connection setup is even more expensive because it needs more round trips between client and server.\n\nIn summary: If you are using TCP you almost always better keep the socket open and close it only if you lack the necessary resources to keep it open. A good compromise is to close the socket as long as you have enough activity on the socket. This is the approach usually done with HTTP persistent connections.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking","A_Id":28543387,"CreationDate":"2015-02-16T12:55:00.000","Title":"Which is a larger overhead: Creating a new socket each time or maintaining a single socket for data transfer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am exploring Python socket support with Linux network-namespaces, I see there is pyroute2, which handles only network-namespace (netns) creation etc, but does not seem to have any APIs for socket IO (say udp). \nAnd the Python socket library also does not seem to have any methods \nrelated to pick a specific network-namespace .\nAm I missing something, or its not yet implemented?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":291,"Q_Id":28556452,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Recently there was setns() call introduced in pyroute2, that allows you to set the network namespace for the current process. Then you can spawn processes with multiprocessing, set NS for each and use multiprocessing.Pipe to communicate between spawned processes.\nIf anything else is still missing \u2014 ye're welcome to file an issue at github, we'll try to fix it asap.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":28564544,"CreationDate":"2015-02-17T07:05:00.000","Title":"socket IO between netns","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to verify Stickiness policy of load balancer. Hence want to verify that when I make two or three subsequent HTTP requests (wget), then the request is satisfied by the same server every time?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":178,"Q_Id":28559048,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Send a unique header on the backend server, E.G., \"X-Node-ID: 1\" for server #1.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,wget","A_Id":28559080,"CreationDate":"2015-02-17T09:50:00.000","Title":"How to check if the wget command request was served by a particular server when load balancer is in place?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using pythonanywhere.com and trying to run an app that I made for twitter that uses tweepy but it keeps saying connection refused or failed to send request. Is there any way to run a python app online easily that sends requests?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":214,"Q_Id":28600076,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Pythonanywhere requires a premium account for web access.\nYou can create a limited account with one web app at your-username.pythonanywhere.com, restricted Internet access from your apps, low CPU\/bandwidth. It works and it's a great way to get started!\nGet a premium account:\n$5\/month\nRun your Python code in the cloud from one web app and the console\nA Python IDE in your browser with unlimited Python\/bash consoles\nOne web app with free SSL at\nyour-username.pythonanywhere.com\nEnough power to run a typical 50,000 hit\/day website.\n(more info)\n3,000 CPU-seconds per day\n(more info)\n512MB disk space\n\nThat said, I'd just set it up locally if its for personal use and go from there.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tweepy","A_Id":28600163,"CreationDate":"2015-02-19T06:38:00.000","Title":"Trying to use python on a server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using pythonanywhere.com and trying to run an app that I made for twitter that uses tweepy but it keeps saying connection refused or failed to send request. Is there any way to run a python app online easily that sends requests?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":214,"Q_Id":28600076,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You will need a server that has a public IP.\nYou have a few options here:\n\nYou can use a platform-as-a-service provider like Heroku or AWS Elastic Beanstalk.\nYou can get a server online on AWS, install your dependencies and use it instead.\n\nAs long as you keep your usage low, you can stay withing the free quotas for these services.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tweepy","A_Id":28600193,"CreationDate":"2015-02-19T06:38:00.000","Title":"Trying to use python on a server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to get the hostmask for a user, to allow some authentication in my IRCClient bot. However, it seems to be removed from all responses? I've tried 'whois', but it only gives me the username and the channels the user is in, not the hostmask.\nAny hint on how to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":37,"Q_Id":28606809,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Found it, when I override RPL_WHOISUSER, I can get the information after issuing an IRCClient.whois.\n(And yes, did search for it before I posted my question, but had an epiphany right after I posted my question...)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twisted,irc,twisted.internet,twisted.words","A_Id":28607141,"CreationDate":"2015-02-19T12:46:00.000","Title":"How to get a user's hostmask with Twisted IRCClient","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to constantly access a server to get real time data of financial instruments. The price is constantly changing so I need to request new prices every 0.5 seconds. The REST APIs of the brokers let me do this, however, I have noticed there's quite some delay when connecting to the server. I just noticed that they also have websocket API though. According to what I read, they both have some pros\/cons. But for what I want to do and because speed is specially important here, which kind if API would you recommend? Is websocket really faster?\nThank you!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":21513,"Q_Id":28613399,"Users Score":84,"Answer":"The most efficient operation for what you're describing would be to use a webSocket connection between client and server and have the server send updated price information directly to the client over the webSocket ONLY when the price changes by some meaningful amount or when some minimum amount of time has elapsed and the price has changed.  \nThis could be much more efficient than having the client constantly ask for new price changes and the timing of when the new information gets to the client can be more timely.\nSo, if you're interested in how quickly the information on a new price level gets to the client, a webSocket can get it there much more timely because the server can just send the new pricing information directly to the client the very moment it changes on the server.  Whereas using a REST call, the client has to poll on some fixed time interval and will only ever get new data at the point of their polling interval.\nA webSocket can also be faster and easier on your networking infrastructure simply because fewer network operations are involved to simply send a packet over an already open webSocket connection versus creating a new connection for each REST\/Ajax call, sending new data, then closing the connection.  How much of a difference\/improvement this makes in your particular application would be something you'd have to measure to really know.\nBut, webSockets were designed to help with your specific scenario where a client wants to know (as close to real-time as practical) when something changes on the server so I would definitely think that it would be the preferred design pattern for this type of use.\n\nHere's a comparison of the networking operations involved in sending a price change over an already open webSocket vs. making a REST call.\nwebSocket\n\nServer sees that a price has changed and immediately sends a message to each client.\nClient receives the message about new price.\n\nRest\/Ajax\n\nClient sets up a polling interval\nUpon next polling interval trigger, client creates socket connection to server\nServer receives request to open new socket\nWhen connection is made with the server, client sends request for new pricing info to server\nServer receives request for new pricing info and sends reply with new data (if any).\nClient receives new pricing data\nClient closes socket\nServer receives socket close\n\nAs you can see there's a lot more going on in the Rest\/Ajax call from a networking point of view because a new connection has to be established for every new call whereas the webSocket uses an already open call.  In addition, in the webSocket cases, the server just sends the client new data when new data is available - the client doens't have to regularly request it.\nIf the pricing information doesn't change super often, the REST\/Ajax scenario will also frequently have \"do-nothing\" calls where the client requests an update, but there is no new data.  The webSocket case never has that wasteful case since the server just sends new data when it is available.","Q_Score":40,"Tags":"python,rest,websocket,httprequest","A_Id":28618369,"CreationDate":"2015-02-19T17:51:00.000","Title":"websocket vs rest API for real time data?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a csv file in S3 and I'm trying to read the header line to get the size (these files are created by our users so they could be almost any size). Is there a way to do this using boto? I thought maybe I could us a python BufferedReader, but I can't figure out how to open a stream from an S3 key. Any suggestions would be great. Thanks!","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":83468,"Q_Id":28618468,"Users Score":20,"Answer":"I know it's a very old question.\nBut as for now, we can just use s3_conn.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)['Body'].iter_lines()","Q_Score":35,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":58636713,"CreationDate":"2015-02-19T22:42:00.000","Title":"Read a file line by line from S3 using boto?","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm planning to deliver an API as a web-service. When I update my API's (interpreted) code-base, however, I anticipate possibly needing to restart the API service or even just have a period where the code is being overwritten. This introduces the possibility that incoming API requests may be dropped or, even worse, that processes triggered by the API may be interrupted.\nThe flask library for python appears to offer something of a solution; by enabling debug mode it will check the modified flag on all python files and, for each request, it will reload any modules that have changed. It's not the performance penalty that puts me off this approach - it's the idea that it looks slightly jilted.\nSurely there is an elegant, high-availability approach to what must be a common issue?\nEdit: As @piotrek answered below, \"there is no silver bullet\". One briefly visible comment suggested using DNS to switch to a new API server after an update.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":33,"Q_Id":28625474,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"actually there is no silver bullet. you mention two different things. one is availability. it depends on how many nines you want to have in your 9,999... availability. second thing is api change. so:\n\navailability:\nsome technologies allows you to do hot changes\/deloyments. which means pending requests goes the old path, new request goes the new path. if your technology don't support it you can't use it for othe reasons, there are other options\n\nin small scale intranet applications you simply don't care. you stop the world: stop the application, upload new version and start. on application stop many web frameworks stop accepting new connection and wait until all pending requests are finished. if yours don't support it you have 2 options: \n\nignore it (db will rollback current transaction, user will get error)\nimplement it yourself (may be challenging).\n\nand you do your best to shorten the inactivity period. \nif you can't afford to stop everything then you can do:\n\nclustering. restart one service by one. all the time some server is available. that's not always possible because sometimes you have to change your database and not always you can do it on working system or you can't afford to loose any data in case of update failure\nmicroservices. if you split your application into many independent components connected with persistent queues then you turn of only some parts of your system (graceful degradation). for example you can disable component that writes changes to the database but still allow reads. if you have infrastructure to do it quickly then the update may be unnoticed - requests will be put into queues and picked up by new version\n\n\napi change:\nyou version your api. each request says which version it requires. \n\nif you control all your clients \/ small scale \/ decide not to support old versions : you don't care. everyone has to update its client.\nif not, then again microservices may help. you split your public api from internal api. and you keep all your public api services running and announce then some of them are deprecated. you monitor their usage. when you decide that usage of some version is low enough you announce end-of-life and later you shutdown specific version\n\n\nthat's best i've got for the moment","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,high-availability","A_Id":28629932,"CreationDate":"2015-02-20T09:23:00.000","Title":"How do I design an API such that code updates don't cause interruptions?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a Python script that uploads videos to my YouTube channel.\nNow I have more than one YouTube channel under my account and want to upload to the second channel once I'm done with the first. But OAuth 2 at no point asks me which account I want to upload to, and keeps uploading to the first channel that I authorised.\nHow should I fix this ?\nThanks :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":170,"Q_Id":28653507,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You will need an access token for each account. There are various ways you can get them, for example request offline access for each account and store the two refresh tokens. There are other ways too. You'll need to detail the behaviour you want to achieve.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,youtube,oauth-2.0,youtube-api,google-oauth","A_Id":28657784,"CreationDate":"2015-02-22T01:36:00.000","Title":"How to Google OAuth2 to upload videos to 2 different YouTube account with a Python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a server on which I want to build a script to login to page which is using javascript. I want to use python selenium to achieve the same.\nWe have a shared drive which contains all the installed binaries and the same has to be included. So when running a python program I won't be using my #!\/usr\/bin\/python instead efs\/path..\/python, similarly all the packages are to be included in this ways. sys.path.append(\"\/efs\/path...\/selenium-egg-info\"). This works good, but as selenium would need firefox included, I could see mozilla in the path, but where are it's binary, exactly which folder to include inside mozilla.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":100,"Q_Id":28661207,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can think Selenium as launching 'firefox' behind the scenes. You won't see it but it's there and then accordingly opening up the webpage and manipulating things. \nHow do you think it does all that cool stuff without writing explicit url header etc. So for that you need to have a firefox installed with a physical display(monitor) installed. \nYou can fake a pyhsical terminal it's just input\/output but you AFAIK you need to have a firefox installed. Sad news but that's the way it is.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium,mozilla","A_Id":32930931,"CreationDate":"2015-02-22T17:56:00.000","Title":"Selenium include mozilla instance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to get data (json) in my html page, with help of Ajax. I have a Nodejs server serving requests. \nI have to get the json from server, which is python code to process and produce json as output. \n\nSo should i save json in db and access it? (seems complicated just for one single use)\nShould i run python server, to serve the requests with json as result (call it directy from html via ajax)\nShould i serve requests with nodejs alone, by calling python method from nodejs? if so how to call the python method.\nIf calling python requires it to run server ? which one to prefer (zeropc, or some kind of web framework?)\n\nWhich is the best solution? or Which is preferred over other in what scenario and what factors?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":932,"Q_Id":28679250,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In your application, if you have some requirement of processing results of python server requests in your nodejs application, then you need to call the python server requests in nodejs app with request libray and then process the result. Otherwise, you should simply call python server resources through client side ajax requests.\nThanks","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ajax,json,node.js","A_Id":28687176,"CreationDate":"2015-02-23T17:06:00.000","Title":"Nodejs Server, get JSON data from Python in html client with Ajax","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to use BrowserMob to proxy pages with Selenium WebDriver.  When the initial page request is made, many elements of the page fail to load (e.g., css, jquery includes).  If I manually refresh the page everything loads as expected.\nHas anyone else seen this behavior?  Is there a solution?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":90,"Q_Id":28704465,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When you configure the WebDriver in your test code, set the proxy address not as localhost:8080 but as 127.0.0.1:8080. I think that Firefox has some problems resolving the proxy localhost:8080 that it does not have with the explicit form 127.0.0.1:8080.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium-webdriver,browsermob","A_Id":29100263,"CreationDate":"2015-02-24T19:24:00.000","Title":"BrowserMob only partially loading page on initial load; fine afterwards","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The boto config has a num_retries parameter for uploads.\n\nnum_retries\nThe number of times to retry failed requests to an AWS server. If boto\n  receives an error from AWS, it will attempt to recover and retry the\n  request. The default number of retries is 5 but you can change the\n  default with this option.\n\nMy understanding is that this parameter governs how many times to retry on commands like set_content_from_string. According to the documentation, the same command will fail if the md5 checksum does not match upon upload. My question is, will boto also retry upon checksum failure, or does num_retry apply to a separate class of failures?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":329,"Q_Id":28732751,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When boto uploads a file to S3 it calculates the MD5 checksum locally, sends that checksum to S3 as the Content-MD5 header and then checks the value of the ETag header returned by the S3 service against the previously computed MD5 checksum.  If the ETag header does not match the MD5 it raises an S3DataError exception.  This exception is a subclass of ClientError and client errors are not retried by boto.\nIt is also possible for the S3 service to return a BadDigest error if the Content-MD5 header we provide does not match the MD5 checksum computed by the service.  This is a 400 response from S3 and is also considered a client error and would not be retried.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":28745850,"CreationDate":"2015-02-26T01:06:00.000","Title":"Does Boto retry on failed md5 checks?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'd like to give to each of my customers access to their own bucket under my GCS enabled app. \nI also need to make sure that a user's bucket is safe from other users' actions. \nLast but not least, the customer will be a client application, so the whole process needs to be done transparently without asking the user to login.\nIf I apply an ACL on each bucket, granting access only to the user I want, can I create an API key only for that bucket and hand that API key to the client app to perform GCS API calls?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":56,"Q_Id":28753061,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Unfortunately you only have two good options here:\n\nHave a service which authenticates the individial app according to whatever scheme you like (some installation license, a random GUID assigned at creation time, whatever) and vends GCS signed URLs, which the end user could then use for a single operation, like uploading an object or listing a bucket's content. The downside here is that all requests must involve your service. All resources would belong entirely to your application.\nAbandon the \"without asking the user to login\" requirement and require a single Google login at install time.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"google-app-engine,google-cloud-storage,google-app-engine-python","A_Id":28754390,"CreationDate":"2015-02-26T21:26:00.000","Title":"Can I have GCS private isolated buckets with a unique api key per bucket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am planning to have API Automation Framework built on the top pf Python + Request Library\nExpected flow:\n1) Read Request Specification From input file \"csv\/xml\" \n2) Make API Request & get Response & analyse the same\n3) Store Test Results\n4) Communicate the same\nInitial 'smoke test' to be performed with basic cases then the detailed ones.There will be 'n' number of api's with respective cases.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1451,"Q_Id":28765243,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I have done API Automation framework using JAVA - TestNG - HTTP Client.\nIt's a Hybrid framework consist of,\n\nData Driven Model : Reads data from JSON\/ XML file.\nMethod-Driven : I have written POJO for JSON Objects and Arrays reading and writing.\nReport : I will be getting the Report using TestNG customized report format \nDependency Management: I have used Maven.\nThis framework I have Integrated with Jenkins for Continous Integration.\nSCM : I have Used GIT for that.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,api,automation,web-api-testing","A_Id":38866398,"CreationDate":"2015-02-27T12:33:00.000","Title":"API Test Automation Framework Structure","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to fetch few data\/values from  a website. I have used beautifulsoup for this and the fields are blank when I try to fetch them from my Python script, whereas when I am inspecting elements of the webpage I can clearly see the values are available in the table row data.\nWhen i saw the HTML Source I noticed its blank there too.\nI came up with a reason, the website is using Javascript to populate the values in their corresponding fields from its own database. If so then how can i fetch them using Python?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":272,"Q_Id":28765398,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The Python binding for Selenium and phantomjs (if you want to use a headless browser as backend) are the appropriate tools for this job.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,web-scraping,beautifulsoup","A_Id":28852463,"CreationDate":"2015-02-27T12:42:00.000","Title":"How to fetch data from a website using Python that is being populated by Javascript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to fetch few data\/values from  a website. I have used beautifulsoup for this and the fields are blank when I try to fetch them from my Python script, whereas when I am inspecting elements of the webpage I can clearly see the values are available in the table row data.\nWhen i saw the HTML Source I noticed its blank there too.\nI came up with a reason, the website is using Javascript to populate the values in their corresponding fields from its own database. If so then how can i fetch them using Python?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":272,"Q_Id":28765398,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, you can scrape JS data, it just takes a bit more hacking. Anything a browser can do, python can do.\nIf you're using firebug, look at the network tab to see from which particular request your data is coming from. In chrome element inspection, you can find this information in a tab named network, too. Just hit ctrl-F to search the response content of the requests.\nIf you found the right request, the data might be embedded in JS code, in which case you'll have some regex parsing to do. If you're lucky, the format is xml or json, in which case you can just use the associated builtin parser.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,web-scraping,beautifulsoup","A_Id":28850142,"CreationDate":"2015-02-27T12:42:00.000","Title":"How to fetch data from a website using Python that is being populated by Javascript?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What is the best way to create a menuitem (for the Gtk.MenuBar) that should open the default browser with a new tab and loading an URL? \nIs it possible to do that in Glade directly or do I need to create that function in the program code itself? Is there a preferred way in Python 3 to do that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":178,"Q_Id":28775534,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"After a lot of searching for a Glade-only solution, I think that Gtk.Menuitem doesn't have a URL-open option. I now just defined on_menuitem_clicked-function that uses:\nwebbrowser.open_new_tab()\nfrom the standard library.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,gtk,glade","A_Id":28878731,"CreationDate":"2015-02-27T22:37:00.000","Title":"Link to website in Gtk.MenuBar using Glade","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have 46000 xml files that all share a common structure but there are variations and the number of files makes it impossible to figure out a common xml schema for all of them. Is there a tool that may help me to extract a schema from all these files or at least something that may give me a close enough idea of what is mandatory and what is optional?\nPreferably, of course, a schema according to some standard or a DTD.\nAnd, as I work entirely in Linux, a Linux tool or a program that works in Linux is OK. I am quite fluent in C, Java, Javascript, Groovy, Python (2.7 and 3) and a number of other languages.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":76,"Q_Id":28794872,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Looking deeper into the problem and after scanning other posts I found out that inst2xsd is the tool for this kind of tasks.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,xml,linux,groovy","A_Id":28805524,"CreationDate":"2015-03-01T14:49:00.000","Title":"extract an XML schema (or equivalent) from a large set of xml files","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to do some web scraping but I have some problems in joining relative and root urls\nfor example the root url is: http:\/\/www.jmlr.org\/proceedings\/papers\/v2\nand the relative url is: ..\/v2\/meila07a\/meila07a.pdf\nAs I use urljoin in urlparse: the result is odd:\nhttp:\/\/www.jmlr.org\/proceedings\/v2\/meila07a\/meila07a.pdf\nWhich is not a valid link. Can anybody help me with that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":399,"Q_Id":28818559,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Two dots (..) means go back once in the hierarchy, change the second link to .\/v2\/meila07a\/meila07a.pdf and it should be working fine.\nOr you can also change the root one to http:\/\/www.jmlr.org\/proceedings\/papers\/v2\/, thanks to this change it will no longer dispose of v2 at the end because the root was not set to a proper directory.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib,urlparse","A_Id":30655631,"CreationDate":"2015-03-02T20:06:00.000","Title":"joining urls with urljoin in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running some application in multiple network namespace. And I need to create socket connection to the loopback address + a specific port in each of the name space. Note that the \"specific port\" is the same across all network namespaces. Is there a way I can create a socket connection like this in python?\nAppreciate any pointer!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6844,"Q_Id":28846059,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I just came across this post while looking into network namespaces and using python to interact with them. In regards to your question about non-root users running the setns(), or similar functions, I believe that is achievable. In a small script that creates the red and blue namespaces mentioned in this post, you could also set a linux capability inside of the new namespace that would allow non-root users to attach and bind. Directly from the man page, we see this description: call setns(2) (requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the target namespace);\nCapabilities can be added to binaries such as the python2.7 or it can also be added to systemd processes. For example, if you look at the default openvpn-server service file on a centos 7 or RHEL 7 you can see added capabilities so that it can run without root privileges: CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_IPC_LOCK CAP_NET_ADMIN.....\nI know this isn't an answer to the original question, but I do not have enough reputation to reply to comments at the moment. I would suggest looking at capabilities and all of the options provided if you are security conscious and looking to run code as non-root users.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,sockets,namespaces","A_Id":67091745,"CreationDate":"2015-03-04T03:12:00.000","Title":"Can I open sockets in multiple network namespaces from my Python code?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When Querying just for tasks that are marked for today in python: \nclient.tasks.find_all({ 'assignee_status':'upcoming','workspace': 000000000,'assignee':'me' ,'completed_since':'now'}, page_size=100)\nI get a response of all tasks the same as if I would not have included assignee_status\nclient.tasks.find_all({'workspace': 000000000,'assignee':'me' ,'completed_since':'now'}, page_size=100)\nThe workspace space has around 5 task that are marked for today.\nThank you,\nGreg","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":269,"Q_Id":28947894,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You actually can't filter by assignee_status at all - if you pass the parameter it is silently ignored. We could change it so that unrecognized parameters result in errors, which would help make this clearer.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,asana","A_Id":28948207,"CreationDate":"2015-03-09T17:11:00.000","Title":"Asana API querying by assignee_status","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a situation when a msg fails and I would like to replay that msg with the highest priority using python boto package so he will be taken first. If I'm not wrong SQS queue does not support priority queue, so I would like to implement something simple.\nImportant note: when a msg fails I no longer have the message object, I only persist the receipt_handle so I can delete the message(if there was more than x retries) \/ change timeout visibility in order to push him back to queue.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":27088,"Q_Id":28970289,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"By \"when a msg fails\", if you meant \"processing failure\" then you could look into Dead Letter Queue (DLQ) feature that comes with SQS. You can set the receive count threshold to move the failed messages to DLQ. Each DLQ is associated with an SQS.\nIn your case, you could make \"max receive count\" = 1 and you deal with that message seperately","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,boto,priority-queue,amazon-sqs","A_Id":57454595,"CreationDate":"2015-03-10T17:29:00.000","Title":"How to implement a priority queue using SQS(Amazon simple queue service)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a situation when a msg fails and I would like to replay that msg with the highest priority using python boto package so he will be taken first. If I'm not wrong SQS queue does not support priority queue, so I would like to implement something simple.\nImportant note: when a msg fails I no longer have the message object, I only persist the receipt_handle so I can delete the message(if there was more than x retries) \/ change timeout visibility in order to push him back to queue.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":27088,"Q_Id":28970289,"Users Score":20,"Answer":"I don't think there is any way to do this with a single SQS queue.  You have no control over delivery of messages and, therefore, no way to impose a priority on messages.  If you find a way, I would love to hear about it.\nI think you could possibly use two queues (or more generally N queues where N is the number of levels of priority) but even this seems impossible if you don't actually have the message object at the time you determine that it has failed.  You would need the message object so that the data could be written to the high-priority queue.\nI'm not sure this actually qualifies as an answer 8^)","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,boto,priority-queue,amazon-sqs","A_Id":28973859,"CreationDate":"2015-03-10T17:29:00.000","Title":"How to implement a priority queue using SQS(Amazon simple queue service)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing a little script which picks the best machine out of a few dozen to connect to. It gets a users name and password, and then picks the best machine and gets a hostname. Right now all the script does is print the hostname. What I want is for the script to find a good machine, and open an ssh connection to it with the users provided credentials.\nSo my question is how do I get the script to open the connection when it exits, so that when the user runs the script, it ends with an open ssh connection.\nI am using sshpass.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1186,"Q_Id":28971180,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want the python script to exit, I think your best bet would be to continue doing a similar thing to what you're doing; print the credentials in the form of arguments to the ssh command and run python myscript.py | xargs ssh.  As tdelaney pointed out, though, subprocess.call(['ssh', args]) will let you run the ssh shell as a child of your python process, causing python to exit when the connection is closed.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssh","A_Id":28971821,"CreationDate":"2015-03-10T18:17:00.000","Title":"Open SSH connection on exit Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a script that scrapes various things from around the web and stores them in a python list and have a few questions about the best way to get it into a HTML table to display on a web page.\n\nFirst off should my data be in a list? It will at most be a 25 by 9 list.\nI\u2019m assuming I should write the list to a file for the web site to import? Is a text file preferred or something like a CSV, XML file?\nWhats the standard way to import a file into a table? In my quick look around the web I didn\u2019t see an obvious answer (Major web design beginner). Is Javascript this best thing to use? Or can python write out something that can easily be read by HTML?\n\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1914,"Q_Id":28972157,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"store everything in a database eg:  sqlite,mysql,mongodb,redis ...\n\nthen query the db every time you want to display the data.\nthis is good for changing it later from multiple sources.\n\nstore everything in a \"flat file\": sqlite,xml,json,msgpack\n\nagain, open and read the file whenever you want to use the data.\nor read it in completly on startup\nsimple and often fast enough.\n\ngenerate a html file from your list with a template engine eg jinja, save it as html file.\n\ngood for simple hosters\n\n\nThere are some good python webframeworks out there some i used:\n\nFlask, Bottle, Django, Twisted, Tornado\n\nThey all more or less output html.\n\nFeel free to use HTML5\/DHTML\/Java Script.\nYou could use a webframework to create\/use an \"api\" on the backend, which serves json or xml.\nThen your java script callback will display it on your site.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,python-2.7","A_Id":28973712,"CreationDate":"2015-03-10T19:11:00.000","Title":"Best way to import a Python list into an HTML table?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python script that scans for new tweets containing specified #hashtags, then it posts them to my \"python bot's\" twitter account as new tweets.\nI tested it from the python console and let it run for 5 minutes. It managed to pick up 10 tweets matching my criteria. It works flawlessly, but I'm concerned about performance issues and leaving the script running for extended amounts of time.\n\nWhat are the negative effects of leaving this script running on my personal computer for a whole day or more?\nShould I be running this on a digital ocean VPS instead?\nTwitter offers the API for bot creation, but do they care how much a bot tweets? I don't see how this is any different from retweeting.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":399,"Q_Id":28974896,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Twitter probably has limits on their api and will most likely block your api key if they feel that you are spamming. In fact I would bet there is a maximum number of tweets per day depending on the type of developer account.\nFor stability and up time concerns running on a 'personal' computer is not a good idea. You probably want to do other things on your personal comp that may interrupt your bot's service (like install programs\/updates and restart). As far as load on the cpu, well if its only picking up 10 tweets per 5 min that doesn't seem like any kind of load that you need to worry about. To be sure you could run the top command and check out the cpu and memory usage.\nIf you have a server somewhere like at digital ocean then I would run it there just to reduce the interruption the program experiences.\nI ran a similar program using twitters stream api and collected tweets using a personal computer and the interruptions were annoying and I eventually stopped collecting data....","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":28977051,"CreationDate":"2015-03-10T22:00:00.000","Title":"Running python tweepy listener","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Openstack-Swift is using evenlet.green.httplib for BufferedHttpconnections.\nWhen I do performance benchmark of it for write operations, I could observer that write throughput drops even only one replica node is overloaded.\nAs I know write quorum is 2 out of 3 replicas, therefore overloading only one replica cannot affect for the throughput. \nWhen I dig deeper what I observed was, the consequent requests are blocked until the responses are reached for the previous requests. Its mainly because of the BufferedHttpConnection which stops issuing new request until the previous response is read.\nWhy Openstack-swift use such a method?\nIs this the usual behaviour of  evenlet.green.httplib.HttpConnection?\nThis does not make sense in write quorum point of view, because its like waiting for all the responses not a quorum. \nAny ideas, any workaround to stop this behaviour using the same library?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":181,"Q_Id":29008403,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Its not a problem of the library but a limitation due to the Openstack Swift configuration where the \"Workers\"  configuration in all Account\/Container\/Object config of Openstack Swift was set to 1\nRegarding the library\nWhen new connections are made using  evenlet.green.httplib.HttpConnection\nit does not block.\nBut if requests are using the same connection, subsequent requests are blocked until the response is fully read.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,openstack,openstack-swift","A_Id":29079748,"CreationDate":"2015-03-12T11:20:00.000","Title":"Why does Openstack Swift requests are blocked by eventlet.green.httplib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have two applications, one has the web api other and application use it to authenticate it itself.\nHow 2FA implemented in my application is, first get the username and password then authenticate it. After authenticate it I send the username, session key . If I get the correct mobile passcode , username and session key back, application authenticate it second time.\nNow the problem is It works, when I use postman chrome plugin to test the 2FA. However if I use the second application to authenticate it fails.\nWhen I debug through the code I found, it breaks at session variables. I get Key error. I assume that the session is empty when I try to authenticate second time from the application. \nI am confused why it works from Postman plugin but not from the second application.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":88,"Q_Id":29018927,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Fact is that I forget REST is stateless. Can't use session within two web services calls.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,session,authentication,two-factor-authentication","A_Id":29021959,"CreationDate":"2015-03-12T19:45:00.000","Title":"two factor authentication doesn't work when it is access from applicaiton","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to load a CSV file to Amazon S3 with Python. I need to know CSV file's modification time. I'm using ftplib to connect FTP with Python (2.7).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24718,"Q_Id":29026709,"Users Score":-4,"Answer":"When I want to change the file modification time, I use an FTP client on the console.\nLog on to a remote FTP ftp ftp.dic.com\n\ncd commands go to the correct directory\nSITE command to move the extended command mode\nUTIME somefile.txt 20050101123000 20050101123000 20050101123000 UTC \n\nchange the access time, modification time, it's time to create a directory on 2005-01-01 12:30:00 somefile.txt\nComplete example:\n\nsite UTIME somefile.txt 20150331122000 20150331122000 20150331122000 UTC\n\nPlease feel free to sit back and wish you a pleasant journey in time :)","Q_Score":22,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,datetime,ftp,ftplib","A_Id":29468092,"CreationDate":"2015-03-13T07:13:00.000","Title":"How to get FTP file's modify time using Python ftplib","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to check that the given email id is really exists or not in smtp server. Is it possible to check or not.? If it possible please give me suggestion how can we do it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1440,"Q_Id":29073907,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Short of sending an email and having someone respond to it is impossible to verify an email exists.\nYou can verify the SMTP server has a whois address, but thats it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,smtp","A_Id":29073968,"CreationDate":"2015-03-16T09:57:00.000","Title":"How to Check is email exists or not in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am in the middle of my personal website development and I am using python to create a \"Comment section\" which my visitors could leave comments at there in public (which means, everybody can see it, so don't worry about the user name registration things). I already set up the sql database to store those data but only thing I haven't figured out yet was how to get the user input (their comments) from the browser. So, is there any modules in python could do that? (Like, the \"Charfield\" things in django, but unfortunately I don't use django)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":754,"Q_Id":29088344,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For that you would need a web framework like Bottle or Flask. Bottle is a simple WSGI based web framework for Python. \nUsing either of these you may write simple REST based APIs, one for set and other for get. The \"set\" one could accept data from your client side and store it on your database where as your \"get\" api should return the data by reading it from your DB.\nHope it helps.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-development-server","A_Id":37997045,"CreationDate":"2015-03-16T22:50:00.000","Title":"How I can get user input from browser using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working with a script where i need to crawl websites, need to crawl only base_url site. Anyone who has pretty good idea how i can launch scarpy in custom python scripts and get urls link in list?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":343,"Q_Id":29092291,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use a file to pass the urls from scrapy to your python script.\nOr you can print the urls with a mark in your scrapy, and use your python script to catch the stdout of your scrapy.Then parse it to list.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,web-crawler,scrapy","A_Id":29092568,"CreationDate":"2015-03-17T06:01:00.000","Title":"How we can get List of urls after crawling website from scrapy in costom python script?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am getting the following error while running gclient runhooks for building chromium.\n\nrunning '\/usr\/bin\/python src\/tools\/clang\/scripts\/update.py --if-needed' in '\/media\/usrname\/!!ChiLL out!!'\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"src\/tools\/clang\/scripts\/update.py\", line 283, in \n      sys.exit(main())\nFile \"src\/tools\/clang\/scripts\/update.py\", line 269, in main\n      stderr=os.fdopen(os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno())))\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/subprocess.py\", line 522, in call\n      return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()\n  File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/subprocess.py\", line 710, in init\n      errread, errwrite)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/subprocess.py\", line 1327, in _execute_child\n      raise child_exception\nOSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied\n  Error: Command \/usr\/bin\/python src\/tools\/clang\/scripts\/update.py --if-needed returned non-zero exit status 1 in \/media\/usrname\/!!ChiLL out!!\n\nIn order to get permission of the directory \"\/usr\/bin\/python src\/tools\/clang\/scripts\" I tried chown and chmod but it returned the same error.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":769,"Q_Id":29105684,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Actually the directory was not mounted with execution permission. So I remounted the directory with execution permission using\nmount -o exec \/dev\/sda5 \/media\/usrname\n and it worked fine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,build,permissions,chromium","A_Id":29161669,"CreationDate":"2015-03-17T17:22:00.000","Title":"Chromium build gclient runhooks error number 13","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hy. So I installed python 2.7.9 and the twitter follow bot from github. I don't really know what I'm doing wrong but when I try to use a command I get an error. using this from twitter_follow_bot import auto_follow_followers_for_userresults in this\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"<pyshell#2>\", line 1, in <module>\n    from twitter_follow_bot import auto_follow\n  File \"twitter_follow_bot.py\", line 21, in <module>\n    from twitter import Twitter, OAuth, TwitterHTTPError\nImportError: cannot import name Twitter\nAny idea what I did wrong. I never use python before so if you could explain it to me step by step it would be great. Thnaks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":249,"Q_Id":29111388,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In from twitter import Twitter, OAuth, TwitterHTTPError \"Twitter\" does not exists in \"twitter\". Try to re-download or double check if that file is even within \"twitter\".","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,bots,twitter-follow","A_Id":29111422,"CreationDate":"2015-03-17T23:06:00.000","Title":"twitter python script generates error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently started searching for socket programming, and decided to use python for testing. I have the following question: As I read, you can only listen for a limited number of connections in a server-side socket, thus you can only have such a number of connections operating at a time. Is there a way to be able to hold as many sockets open as the system can tolerate? That is e.g. in the case of a chat server (you would not want to only have 5 active users at a time, for example).  \nWhat's the solution to that? Should one create more sockets to achieve that goal? But then, would the number of ports available to the system be the next limitation?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":103,"Q_Id":29149000,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are asking about function 'listen':\n\n'backlog' argument is the maximum length to which the  queue  of pending  connections  for  socket  may  grow.\nIf a connection request arrives when  the  queue  is full,  the client may receive an error with an indication of ECONNREFUSED or, if the underlying protocol supports retransmission, the request may be ignored so that a later reattempt at connection succeeds.\n\nThis does not set any limit on number of socket connections. Only the ones which were not 'accept'-ed yet (e.g. have not become 'connection').\nWhen client tries to connect the backlog grows by 1.\nWhen you call 'accept' the backlog decreases by 1.\nSo if you will call 'accept' periodically you will open a number of connections.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,server-side","A_Id":29149290,"CreationDate":"2015-03-19T15:42:00.000","Title":"Arbitrarily large number of sockets - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a program written in Perl, and I want to execute this program in MATLAB. In this program I am calling an XML file, but on execution, I am getting XML: DOM error as Error using perl (line 80) System error: Can't locate XML\/DOM.pm in @INC, etc. How can I get out of this error?\nProgram is executing in Perl very well...","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":56,"Q_Id":29149900,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Matlab brings it's own perl installation located at fullfile(matlabroot, 'sys\\perl\\win32\\bin\\'). Probably here the additional resources are missing. Navigate to this folder and install the requirements using ppm","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,matlab,xml-parsing","A_Id":29150179,"CreationDate":"2015-03-19T16:22:00.000","Title":"XML DOM ERROR when executing Python program in perl","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What would be the best way of downloading \/ uploading files \/ directory to \/ from remote windows server and local windows machine using python scripting language?\nModules I heard of are paramiko and fabric...\nApart from these any other good option\/choice?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":608,"Q_Id":29204576,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It depends on the protocol you are using, if the file is big, use UDP, if the file is small use TCP, if the file is small use SSH. You don's necessarily need paramiko or fabric to communicate with another computer, since they are for ssh connections. If you know the protocol, then it is easier to communicate.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,paramiko","A_Id":29214110,"CreationDate":"2015-03-23T06:44:00.000","Title":"How to download files from remote windows server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Many search engines track clicked URLs by adding the result's URL to the query string which can take a format like: http:\/\/www.example.com\/result?track=http:\/\/www.stackoverflow.com\/questions\/ask\nIn the above example the result URL is part of the query string but in some cases it takes the form http:\/\/www.example.com\/http:\/\/www.stackoverflow.com\/questions\/ask or URL encoding is used. \nThe approach I tried first is to split searchengineurl.split(\"http:\/\/\"). Some obvious problems with this:\n\nit would return all parts of the query string that follow the result URL and not just the result URL. This would be a problem with an URL like this: http:\/\/www.example.com\/result?track=http:\/\/www.stackoverflow.com\/questions\/ask&showauthor=False&display=None\nit does not distinguish between any additional parts of the search engine tracking URL's query string and the result URL's query string. This would be a problem with an URL like this: http:\/\/www.example.com\/result?track=http:\/\/www.stackoverflow.com\/questions\/ask?showauthor=False&display=None\nit fails if the \"http:\/\/\" is ommitted in the result URL\n\nWhat is the most reliable, general and non-hacky way in Python to extract URLs contained in other URLs?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":99,"Q_Id":29235535,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would try using urlparse.urlparse it will probably get you most of the way there and a little extra work on your end will get what you want.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,parsing,url,urlencode","A_Id":29235977,"CreationDate":"2015-03-24T14:42:00.000","Title":"How to reliably extract URLs contained in URLs with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For the IE webdriver, it opens the IE browsers but it starts to load the local host and then stops (ie\/ It never stated loading ). WHen the browser stops loading it shows the msg 'Initial start page for webdriver server'. The problem is that this does not occur every time I execute the test case making it difficult to identify what could be the cause of the issue. What I have noticed is when this issue occurs, the url will take ~25 secs to load manually on the same machine. When the issue does not occur, the URL will load within 3secs.\nAll security setting are the same (protected Mode enabled across all zone)\nenhance protected mode is disabled\nIE version 11\nthe URL is added as a trusted site.\nAny clue why it does not load the URL sometimes?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2136,"Q_Id":29241353,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use remote driver with desired cap (pageLoadStrategy)\nRelease notes from seleniumhq.org. Note that we have to use version 2.46 for the jar, iedriverserver.exe and python client driver in order to have things work correctly. It is unclear why 2.45 does not work given the release notes below.\nv2.45.0.2\n\nUpdates to JavaScript automation atoms.\nAdded pageLoadStrategy to IE driver. Setting a capability named \npageLoadStrategy when creating a session with the IE driver will now change\nthe wait behavior when navigating to a new page. The valid values are:\n\"normal\" - Waits for document.readyState to be 'complete'. This is the\n            default, and is the same behavior as all previous versions of\n            the IE driver.\n\"eager\"  - Will abort the wait when document.readyState is\n            'interactive' instead of waiting for 'complete'.\n\"none\"   - Will abort the wait immediately, without waiting for any of\n            the page to load.\n\nSetting the capability to an invalid value will result in use of the\n   \"normal\" page load strategy.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,webdriver,internet-explorer-11","A_Id":39231646,"CreationDate":"2015-03-24T19:35:00.000","Title":"IE11 stuck at initial start page for webdriver server only when connection to the URL is slow","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For the IE webdriver, it opens the IE browsers but it starts to load the local host and then stops (ie\/ It never stated loading ). WHen the browser stops loading it shows the msg 'Initial start page for webdriver server'. The problem is that this does not occur every time I execute the test case making it difficult to identify what could be the cause of the issue. What I have noticed is when this issue occurs, the url will take ~25 secs to load manually on the same machine. When the issue does not occur, the URL will load within 3secs.\nAll security setting are the same (protected Mode enabled across all zone)\nenhance protected mode is disabled\nIE version 11\nthe URL is added as a trusted site.\nAny clue why it does not load the URL sometimes?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2136,"Q_Id":29241353,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It hasn't been updated for a while, but recently I had very similar issue - IEDriverServer was eventually opening page under test, but in most cases just stuck on Initial page of WebDriver.\nWhat I found the root cause (in my case) was startup setting of IE. I had Start with tabs from the last session enabled, when changed back to Start with home page driver started to work like a charm, opening page under test in 100% of tries.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,webdriver,internet-explorer-11","A_Id":62954013,"CreationDate":"2015-03-24T19:35:00.000","Title":"IE11 stuck at initial start page for webdriver server only when connection to the URL is slow","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to build a proxy to buffer some packets according to some schedules.\nI have two TCP connections, one from host A to the proxy and the other one from the proxy to host B.\nThe proxy forwards the packets between A and B. The proxy will buffer the packets according to the scheduled instructions. At certain time, it will buffer the packets. After the buffering period is over, it will forward the packets in the buffer and also do its normal forwarding work.\nI am using python. Which module would be the best in this situation? I tried pickle but it is difficult to remove and append elements in the file. Any suggestions? Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":261,"Q_Id":29306962,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I recommend you join the two scripts into one and just use memory.\nIf you can't join the scripts for some reason, create a unix-domain socket to pass the raw, binary data directly from one to the other.  These fifos have limited size so you'll still have to do in-memory buffering on one side or another, probably the B side.\nIf the data is too big for memory, you can write it out to a temporary file and re-read it when it's time to pass it on.  It'll be easiest if the same script both writes and reads the file as then you won't have to guess when to write, advanced to a new file, or deal with separate readers and writers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tcp,proxy,buffer","A_Id":29309592,"CreationDate":"2015-03-27T17:45:00.000","Title":"Build a buffer in file for stream of TCP packets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I Want to create my own safe connection for a VOIP app.\nNow I am looking into key exchange which seems to be much more Tricky than encrypting\/decrypting.\nAre there any better approaches than Diffie-Hellman in practice ?\nI understand the concept of Diffie-Hellman but I think it needs the right values to be safe since with natural numbers it could be easily be guessed. How can I get those values using python, what are they and is it really safe from key guessing?\nPlease help me with some background informations \/ inspiring.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":474,"Q_Id":29315955,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"DH is fine for this purpose, just make to sure to use 2048 bit keys or more.\nHowever for VoIP the standards are TLS with SRTP\/zrtp so it would be better if you would implement these. With DH you loose compatibility and will introduce a lot of complications. Also note that DH is only for key exchange, so you will need something also for the encryption itself. With TLS you could handle all these in one step by using a well know implementation instead to write your own encryption stack from scratch.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,diffie-hellman","A_Id":29883118,"CreationDate":"2015-03-28T10:16:00.000","Title":"Diffie-Hellman Parameters and safety","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Here's the idea -- there's a website that I want to scrape. It updates every 10 minutes, but sometimes get's out of sync. It's important that the information I scrape is just before it updates. Each time I check the site, I can scrape the 'time remaining' until next update.  \nIs there a way to make a cron job that -- after each iteration -- I can specifically set the time to wait before running the the time (t+1) iteration based on some variable from the time (t) iteration? \nI'm not particularly familiar with cron jobs -- my current super rough implementation just uses -sleep-. Not ideal.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":633,"Q_Id":29383893,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could use the 'at' command to set a new job for the next time you need to run it. \nSo if your scraper tells you the next update is in 7 minutes you can set the 'at' command to run 'now + 6 minutes'","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,cron,crontab,cron-task","A_Id":29386729,"CreationDate":"2015-04-01T06:05:00.000","Title":"Variable time between cron jobs (or similar implementation)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a very basic python script which uses boto to query the state of my EC2 instances. When I run it from console, it works fine and I'm happy. The problem is when I want to add some automation and run the script via crond. I notices that the script hangs and waits indefinitely for the connection. I saw that boto has this problem and that some people suggested to add some timeout value to boto config file. I couldn't understand how and where, I added manually \/etc\/boto.cfg file with the suggested timeout value (5) but it didn't help. With strace you can see that this configuration file is never being accessed. Any suggestions how to resolve this issue?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":774,"Q_Id":29395946,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The entire issue appeared to be HTTP_PROXY environment variable. The variable was set in \/etc\/bashrc and all users got it this way but when cron jobs ran (as root) \/etc\/bashrc wasn't read and the variable wasn't set. By adding the variable to the configuration file of crond (via crontab -e) the issue was solved","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,cron,boto","A_Id":29407280,"CreationDate":"2015-04-01T16:23:00.000","Title":"Connection with boto to AWS hangs when running with crond","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is hardly a programming question, so please don't laugh me out of here.  On the Google bigquery Web UI, is there a way to make the \"New Query\" box taller?  I have been getting into fairly length queries and I would like to be able to see them all at once.  Or should I be graduating to a different mechanism (python?) for writing and running queries?  Suggestions appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":91,"Q_Id":29405412,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Try dragging the grey line just under the big red \"Run Query\" button.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,google-bigquery","A_Id":29405486,"CreationDate":"2015-04-02T05:13:00.000","Title":"Google bigquery Web UI: change height of the \"New Query\" box?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My friend and I trying to communicate each other using simple python client - server.\nWhen we were in the same LAN , the communication was great.\nNow , each of us is in his house and we can't connect beacuse of error 10060.\nWe read about the firewall problem , we tried to turn it off - and still not working.\nWhat should we do?\nThank is advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":77,"Q_Id":29454902,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Your problem could be due to port forwarding, to fix this you would need to enable port forwarding on your router. Each router is different, but this is usually done by opening the router's webpage and setting port forwarding to the IP of your computer","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,network-programming,client-server,port","A_Id":29454929,"CreationDate":"2015-04-05T06:50:00.000","Title":"Networking programming - client - server not in the same LAN","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to help my friend to analyze Posts on Social Networks (Facebook, Twitter, Linkdin and etc.) as well as several weblogs and websites.\nWhen it comes to the Storing the Data, I have no experience in huge data. Which one is the best for a bunch of thousand post, tweet and article per day: Database, XML file, plain text? If database, which one?\nP.S.\nThe language that I am going to start programming with is Python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":124,"Q_Id":29457275,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"That depends on the way you want to work with the data. If you have structured data, and want the exchange it between different programs, xml might be a good choice. If you do mass processing, plain text might be a good choice. If you want to filter the data, a database might be a good choice.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mysql,xml,database","A_Id":29457336,"CreationDate":"2015-04-05T12:29:00.000","Title":"Storing Huge Data; Database, XML or Plain text?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am doing my bachelor's thesis where I wrote a program that is distributed over many servers and exchaning messages via IPv6 multicast and unicast. The network usage is relatively high but I think it is not too high when I have 15 servers in my test where there are 2 requests every second that are going like that:\nServer 1 requests information from server 3-15 via multicast. every of 3-15 must respond. if one response is missing after 0.5 sec, the multicast is resent, but only the missing servers must respond (so in most cases this is only one server)\nServer 2 does exactly the same. If there are missing results after 5 retries the missing servers are marked as dead and the change is synced with the other server (1\/2)\nSo there are 2 multicasts every second and 26 unicasts every second. I think this should not be too much?\nServer 1 and 2 are running python web servers which I use to do the request every second on each server (via a web client)\nThe whole szenario is running in a mininet environment which is running in a virtual box ubuntu that has 2 cores (max 2.8ghz) and 1GB RAM. While running the test, i see via htop that the CPUs are at 100% while the RAM is at 50%. So the CPU is the bottleneck here.\nI noticed that after 2-5 minutes (1 minute = 60 * (2+26) messages = 1680 messages) there are too many missing results causing too many sending repetitions while new requests are already coming in, so that the \"management server\" thinks the client servers (3-15) are down and deregisters them. After syncing this with the other management server, all client servers are marked as dead on both management servers which is not true...\nI am wondering if the problem could be my debug outputs? I am printing 3-5 messages for every message that is sent and received. So that are about (let's guess it are 5 messages per sent\/recvd msg) (26 + 2)*5 = 140 lines that are printed on the console.\nI use python 2.6 for the servers.\nSo the question here is: Can the console output slow down the whole system that simple requests take more than 0.5 seconds to complete 5 times in a row? The request processing is simple in my test. No complex calculations or something like that. basically it is something like \"return request_param in [\"bla\", \"blaaaa\", ...] (small list of 5 items)\"\nIf yes, how can I disable the output completely without having to comment out every print statement? Or is there even the possibility to output only lines that contain \"Error\" or \"Warning\"? (not via grep, because when grep becomes active all the prints already have finished... I mean directly in python)\nWhat else could cause my application to be that slow? I know this is a very generic question, but maybe someone already has some experience with mininet and network applications...","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":102,"Q_Id":29461480,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I finally found the real problem. It was not because of the prints (removing them improved performance a bit, but not significantly) but because of a thread that was using a shared lock. This lock was shared over multiple CPU cores causing the whole thing being very slow.\nIt even got slower the more cores I added to the executing VM which was very strange...\nNow the new bottleneck seems to be the APScheduler... I always get messages like \"event missed\" because there is too much load on the scheduler. So that's the next thing to speed up... :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,performance,networking,cpu,mininet","A_Id":29502719,"CreationDate":"2015-04-05T19:44:00.000","Title":"Console output consuming much CPU? (about 140 lines per second)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using a pre put hook to fetch some data from an api before each put. If that api does not respond, or is offline, I want the request to fail. Do I have to write a wrapper around a put() call, or is there some way so that we can still type My_model.put() and just make it fail?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":247,"Q_Id":29470767,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"_pre_put_hook is called immediately before NDB does the actual put... so if an exception is raised inside of _pre_put_hook, then the entire put will fail","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,google-cloud-datastore,app-engine-ndb","A_Id":29473764,"CreationDate":"2015-04-06T11:55:00.000","Title":"Can I cause a put to fail from the _pre_put_hook?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I just bought a new Macbook Pro, but I forgot to write down my own wifi password. I tried contacting my ISPs (or whatever you call them) but no one responded. I don't think I will ever get an answer from them.\nUsing Python 2.7.9, is a program able to hack into my own wifi and retrieve the password?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1948,"Q_Id":29482125,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The password for the wifi will be stored in the keychain => \/Applications\/Utilities\/\nIt will be in either the Login keychain or System keychain, just double click the keychain entry with the wifi name and tick show password, once you have entered your password it should show you the password used to connect to the network.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,passwords,wifi","A_Id":29482182,"CreationDate":"2015-04-07T01:11:00.000","Title":"Recovering Wifi Password Using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I just bought a new Macbook Pro, but I forgot to write down my own wifi password. I tried contacting my ISPs (or whatever you call them) but no one responded. I don't think I will ever get an answer from them.\nUsing Python 2.7.9, is a program able to hack into my own wifi and retrieve the password?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1948,"Q_Id":29482125,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Connect to your router via ethernet. You should then be able to set the wifi password to whatever you want","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,passwords,wifi","A_Id":36777109,"CreationDate":"2015-04-07T01:11:00.000","Title":"Recovering Wifi Password Using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the python package to move the mouse in some specified pattern or just random motions. \nThe first thing I tried is to get the size of the \/\/html element and use that to make the boundaries for mouse movement. However, when I do this the MoveTargetOutOfBoundsException rears its head and displays some \"given\" coordinates (which were not anywhere near the input.\nThe code I used:\n\norigin = driver.find_element_by_xpath('\/\/html')\nbounds = origin.size\nprint bounds\nActionChains(driver).move_to_element(origin).move_by_offset(bounds['width'] - 10, bounds['height'] - 10).perform()\n\nSo I subtract 10 from each boundary to test it and move to that position (apparently the move_to_element_by_offset method is dodgy). \nMoveTargetOutOfBoundsException: Message: Given coordinates (1919, 2766) are outside the document. Error: MoveTargetOutOfBoundsError: The target scroll location (17, 1798) is not on the page.\nStacktrace:\n    at FirefoxDriver.prototype.mouseMoveTo (file:\/\/...\nThe actual given coordinates were (1903-10=1893, 969-10=989).\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1318,"Q_Id":29488957,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The problem in my case was that I was not waiting for the element to load. At least I assume that's what the problem is because if I allow selenium to wait for the element instead and then click on it, it works.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,html,selenium","A_Id":29564991,"CreationDate":"2015-04-07T10:05:00.000","Title":"Selenium moving to absolute positions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using the python package to move the mouse in some specified pattern or just random motions. \nThe first thing I tried is to get the size of the \/\/html element and use that to make the boundaries for mouse movement. However, when I do this the MoveTargetOutOfBoundsException rears its head and displays some \"given\" coordinates (which were not anywhere near the input.\nThe code I used:\n\norigin = driver.find_element_by_xpath('\/\/html')\nbounds = origin.size\nprint bounds\nActionChains(driver).move_to_element(origin).move_by_offset(bounds['width'] - 10, bounds['height'] - 10).perform()\n\nSo I subtract 10 from each boundary to test it and move to that position (apparently the move_to_element_by_offset method is dodgy). \nMoveTargetOutOfBoundsException: Message: Given coordinates (1919, 2766) are outside the document. Error: MoveTargetOutOfBoundsError: The target scroll location (17, 1798) is not on the page.\nStacktrace:\n    at FirefoxDriver.prototype.mouseMoveTo (file:\/\/...\nThe actual given coordinates were (1903-10=1893, 969-10=989).\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1318,"Q_Id":29488957,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Two possible problems:\n1) There could be scroll on the page, so before clicking you should have scroll into element view\n2) Size is given without browser elements respect, and in real world you should substitute about 20 or 30 to have original size (you could test test that values)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,html,selenium","A_Id":29489027,"CreationDate":"2015-04-07T10:05:00.000","Title":"Selenium moving to absolute positions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python script that extracts product data from an ecommerce website. However, one essential piece of information is missing from the page - delivery cost. This is not provided on any of the product pages, and is only available when you add the product to the shopping basket in order to test how much the product costs to deliver. Complexity is also added due to different delivery rules - e.g free delivery on orders over \u00a3100, different delivery prices for different items, or a flat rate of shipping for multiple products.\nIs there a way that I can easily obtain this delivery cost data? Are there any services that anyone knows of through which I can obtain this data more easily, or suggestions on a script that I could use?\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":363,"Q_Id":29539555,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You shouldn't try to fetch information about delivery price from a cart or any other pages, because like you see it depends on cart amount or other conditions on e-commerce site. It means only one right way here is to emulate this rules\/conditions when you try to calculate total price of an order on your side. Do it like this and you'll avoid too many problems with the correct calculations of delivery prices.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,data-extraction","A_Id":29540245,"CreationDate":"2015-04-09T13:14:00.000","Title":"Scraping \/ Data extraction of shipping price not on product page (only available on trolley)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to write a script to access data on a website, such as:\n1) automatically searching a youtuber's profile for a new posting, and printing the title of it to stdout.\n2) automatically posting a new video, question, or comment to a website at a specified time. For a lot of sites, there is a required login, so that is something that would need to be automated as well.\nI would like to able to do all this stuff from the command line.\nWhat set of tools should I use for this? I was intending to use Bash, mostly because I am in the process of learning it, but if there are other options, like Python or Javascript, please let me know.\nIn a more general sense, it would be nice to know how to read and directly interact with a website's JS; I've tried looking at the browser console, but I can't make much sense of it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52,"Q_Id":29541619,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Python or Node (JS) will probably be a lot easier for this task than Bash, primarily because you're going to have to do OAuth to get access to the social network.\nOr, if you're willing to get a bit \"hacky\", you could issue scripts to PhantomJS, and automate the interaction with the sites in question...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,bash,youtube,command-line-interface","A_Id":29541704,"CreationDate":"2015-04-09T14:40:00.000","Title":"How to interact with social websites (auto youtube posting, finding titles of new videos etc.) from the command line","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was able to set up a simple socket server and client connection between two devices, with the ability to send and receive values. My issue is with setting up the remote server to accept two clients from the same device, and differentiate the data being received by them. \nSpecifically, each client will be running a similar code to accept encoder\/decoder values from their respective motor. My main program, attached to the server, needs to use the data from each client separately, in order to carry out the appropriate calculations. How do I differentiate the incoming signals coming from both clients?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":117,"Q_Id":29554475,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"When the communication isn't heavy between clients and server, one way to do this is to have clients do a handshake to server and have the server enumerate clients and send back id's for communication.\nThen the client sends it's id along with any communication it has with server in order for the server to identify it.  At least that is what I did.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":29554763,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T06:07:00.000","Title":"Python server to receive specific data from two clients on same remote device","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to programming and i decided to learn Python first, so;\nI installed Python, latest version 3.4. and I am trying to open Python IDLE(GUI) mode, so when I open I get message \"IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection.\". \nMy firewall is not problem beacuse I put Python throught it. I also tried to reinstall it and it didnt made diffirence. So please if somenone can help! \nThank you on your time :D","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111264,"Q_Id":29567051,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is a fresh install. It works with firewall disabled. As this was a fresh install any answer that deals with AppData does not apply. Nor does any answer dealing with deleting *.py files.\nIf you are using a third party firewall - uninstall it and use Windows firewall. The main offender here is Avast\/AVG. If you really want to you can set such software to \"ask\" you for rule creation, AVG ignores these rules in this case and blocks what it thinks is an external \"Tcp\/Udp\" (sic) public connection.\nUsing Process Explorer from SysInternals reveals the succesful connection between the two processes. AVG cannot seem to deal with \"phone home\" situation originating on the same host. The problem should be more widespread as many debuggers operate in the same way, so there may be some contribution to this problem by the IDLE developers.\nChange your firewall provider.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,user-interface,runtime-error,subprocess,python-idle","A_Id":67039753,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T17:10:00.000","Title":"Python error - IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to programming and i decided to learn Python first, so;\nI installed Python, latest version 3.4. and I am trying to open Python IDLE(GUI) mode, so when I open I get message \"IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection.\". \nMy firewall is not problem beacuse I put Python throught it. I also tried to reinstall it and it didnt made diffirence. So please if somenone can help! \nThank you on your time :D","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111264,"Q_Id":29567051,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just to note my particular issue, this happens for me when my RAM gets full and my CPU gets busy.\nThe problem is because of a network socket timeout on the IPC pipes between the RPC subprocess.\nIt's a poor design (insecure and prone to failure) that's commonly used for IPC instead of process pipes.\nThe fix is to clear out some RAM and CPU usage and wait a minute before trying again.\nAnd for developers, the fix is to stop using sockets for IPC and use proper process pipes.\nYes, it's the same exact socket timeout issue you experience with your browser, though on modern browsers, the page just stops loading instead of displaying a timeout error screen.\n(note this assumes the case of a good WAN connection, with a local timeout)","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,user-interface,runtime-error,subprocess,python-idle","A_Id":56508508,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T17:10:00.000","Title":"Python error - IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to programming and i decided to learn Python first, so;\nI installed Python, latest version 3.4. and I am trying to open Python IDLE(GUI) mode, so when I open I get message \"IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection.\". \nMy firewall is not problem beacuse I put Python throught it. I also tried to reinstall it and it didnt made diffirence. So please if somenone can help! \nThank you on your time :D","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111264,"Q_Id":29567051,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"My problem was that the .py file wasn't on my local machine. It was on a shared directory.\nAfter moving the file to my local machine, I quit getting the error.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,user-interface,runtime-error,subprocess,python-idle","A_Id":56134431,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T17:10:00.000","Title":"Python error - IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to programming and i decided to learn Python first, so;\nI installed Python, latest version 3.4. and I am trying to open Python IDLE(GUI) mode, so when I open I get message \"IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection.\". \nMy firewall is not problem beacuse I put Python throught it. I also tried to reinstall it and it didnt made diffirence. So please if somenone can help! \nThank you on your time :D","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111264,"Q_Id":29567051,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Simple...rename your .py file with some name different from any keyword name like 'random.py' which already exists in python package.\nEg. I named one file as \"random.py\". The same error popped up. I renamed it to \"random_demo.py\". It worked.\nThe different naming discards the problem of ambiguity between an already existing file and a newly created file with same name.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,user-interface,runtime-error,subprocess,python-idle","A_Id":36233988,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T17:10:00.000","Title":"Python error - IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to programming and i decided to learn Python first, so;\nI installed Python, latest version 3.4. and I am trying to open Python IDLE(GUI) mode, so when I open I get message \"IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection.\". \nMy firewall is not problem beacuse I put Python throught it. I also tried to reinstall it and it didnt made diffirence. So please if somenone can help! \nThank you on your time :D","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111264,"Q_Id":29567051,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I fixed it, I needed to run IDLE with admin privileges. (I am using Windows 7 x64). Hope this helps.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,user-interface,runtime-error,subprocess,python-idle","A_Id":33713257,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T17:10:00.000","Title":"Python error - IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to programming and i decided to learn Python first, so;\nI installed Python, latest version 3.4. and I am trying to open Python IDLE(GUI) mode, so when I open I get message \"IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection.\". \nMy firewall is not problem beacuse I put Python throught it. I also tried to reinstall it and it didnt made diffirence. So please if somenone can help! \nThank you on your time :D","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111264,"Q_Id":29567051,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just had the same issue.  So uninstalled and reinstalled which fixed it and took 10 minutes.  The key with Windows machines is delete the old directory (C:\\Python27\\ because windows does seem to actually delete things) and when reinstalling specify a new directory (C:\\Python279\\ or whatever you choose to call it).\nI am using Win 10 with Python 2.7.9.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,user-interface,runtime-error,subprocess,python-idle","A_Id":33092815,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T17:10:00.000","Title":"Python error - IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to programming and i decided to learn Python first, so;\nI installed Python, latest version 3.4. and I am trying to open Python IDLE(GUI) mode, so when I open I get message \"IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection.\". \nMy firewall is not problem beacuse I put Python throught it. I also tried to reinstall it and it didnt made diffirence. So please if somenone can help! \nThank you on your time :D","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111264,"Q_Id":29567051,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had a similar problem with a file called \"test.py\" and Python 2.7.9 - renaming the file to something else solved my issue. After checking, I noticed that there is a file with the same name under the Python27\\Lib folder. \nSeems to be a bug in IDLE.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,user-interface,runtime-error,subprocess,python-idle","A_Id":32435420,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T17:10:00.000","Title":"Python error - IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to programming and i decided to learn Python first, so;\nI installed Python, latest version 3.4. and I am trying to open Python IDLE(GUI) mode, so when I open I get message \"IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection.\". \nMy firewall is not problem beacuse I put Python throught it. I also tried to reinstall it and it didnt made diffirence. So please if somenone can help! \nThank you on your time :D","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":9,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":111264,"Q_Id":29567051,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Go to C:\/Users\/[your user]\/AppData\/Local\/Programs\/Python\/Python35-32 and delete or rename every *.py file in this directory which is named after a certain method, function, module or library. Then run IDLE. Should work.\nHope I could help","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,user-interface,runtime-error,subprocess,python-idle","A_Id":36227282,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T17:10:00.000","Title":"Python error - IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to programming and i decided to learn Python first, so;\nI installed Python, latest version 3.4. and I am trying to open Python IDLE(GUI) mode, so when I open I get message \"IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection.\". \nMy firewall is not problem beacuse I put Python throught it. I also tried to reinstall it and it didnt made diffirence. So please if somenone can help! \nThank you on your time :D","AnswerCount":12,"Available Count":9,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":111264,"Q_Id":29567051,"Users Score":29,"Answer":"Delete all newely created .py files in the directory with Python. for example random.py, end.py - that was my problem that caused the same notification window. Reason in filename conflicts.","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"python,user-interface,runtime-error,subprocess,python-idle","A_Id":32142364,"CreationDate":"2015-04-10T17:10:00.000","Title":"Python error - IDLE's subprocess didn't make connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am busy developing a Python system that uses web-sockets to send\/received data from a serial port.\nFor this to work I need to react to data from the serial port as it is received. Problem is to detect incoming data the serial port needs to queried continuously looking for incoming data. Most likely a continuous loop. From previous experiences(Slow disk access + heavy traffic) using Flask this sounds like it could cause the web-sockets to be blocked. Will this be the case or is there a work around?\nI have looked at how NodeJS interact with serial ports and it seems much nicer. It raises an event when there is incoming data instead of querying it all the time. Is this an option in Python?\nExtra Details: \n\nFor now it will only be run on Linux.(Raspbian)\nFlask was my first selection but I am open to other Python Frameworks.\npyserial for serial connection.(Is the only option I know of)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1800,"Q_Id":29577287,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Simply start a subprocess that listens to the serial socket and raises an event when it has a message.  Have a separate sub-process for each web port that does the same.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,websocket,event-handling,serial-port,blocking","A_Id":29577603,"CreationDate":"2015-04-11T11:21:00.000","Title":"Python: how to host a websocket and interact with a serial port without blocking?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am building a Python Flask webpage that uses websockets to connect to a single serial port(pySerial).\nThe webpage will collect a list of commands to be executed(user input) and send that to the serial port via websockets.\nThe problem I am facing is that as soon as the webpage has been opened multiple times commands can be sent at any time and might get run out of order.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":124,"Q_Id":29596604,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Specify a variable like serial_usage which has an initial value False. When a new client connected to your WebSocket server, check the serial_usage variable. If serial port is not being used at that moment (serial_usage == False), make the connection happen, set serial_usage True. When the client disconnects, set serial_usage variable False. If serial port is being used by another client (serial_usage == True), you can show an error page and prevent the new connection.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,session,websocket,serial-port","A_Id":29596782,"CreationDate":"2015-04-13T01:24:00.000","Title":"How to restrict a webpage to only one user(Browser Tab)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Python 2.7 on Linux. I need to get local IP address (here it is 172.16.x.x). I can get IP address and it's corresponding netmask address but I'm not able to get broadcast IP address for the same IP.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1652,"Q_Id":29669838,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are able to get the IP and the Subnetmask, you could simply calculate the Broadcastadress, by binary ORing the IP adress and the inverted subnetmask. \nBC = ipadress || inv(subnetmask)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,network-programming,ip-address","A_Id":29670007,"CreationDate":"2015-04-16T08:55:00.000","Title":"How to find Broadcast IP address from local IP address?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to GET the metafields for a particular product if I have the product ID? Couldn't find it in the docs.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1518,"Q_Id":29683036,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"product = shopify.Product.find(pr_id)\nmetafields = product.metafields()","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,shopify","A_Id":43496363,"CreationDate":"2015-04-16T18:25:00.000","Title":"Shopify Python API GET Metafields for a Product","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to write python script which performs several tasks:\n\nread commands from console and send to server over tcp\/ip\nreceive server response, process and make output to console. \n\nWhat is the best way to create such a script? Do I have to create separate thread to listen to server response, while interacting with user in main thread? Are there any good examples?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":78,"Q_Id":29694344,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Calling for a best way or code examples is rather off topic, but this is too long to be a comment.\nThere are three general ways to build those terminal emulator like applications :\n\nmultiple processes - the way the good old Unix cu worked with a fork\nmultiple threads - a variant from the above using light way threads instad of processes\nusing select system call with multiplexed io.\n\nGenerally, the 2 first methods are considered more straightforward to code with one thread (or process) processing upward communication while the other processes the downward one. And the third while being trickier to code is generally considered as more efficient\nAs Python supports multithreading, multiprocessing and select call, you can choose any method, with a slight preference for multithreading over multiprocessing because threads are lighter than processes and I cannot see a reason to use processes.\nFollowing in just my opinion\nUnless if you are writing a model for rewriting it later in a lower level language, I assume that performance is not the key issue, and my advice would be to use threads here.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,tcpclient","A_Id":29695958,"CreationDate":"2015-04-17T08:41:00.000","Title":"Whats the best way to implement python TCP client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently working on a HTML presentation, that works well, but I need the presentation to be followed simultaneously with a NAO robot who reads a special  html tag. I somehow need to let him know, which slide I am on, so that he can choose the correct  tag.\nI use Beautiful Soup for scraping the HTML, but it does so from a file and not from a browser. The problem is, there is javascript running behind, assigning various classes to specific slides, that tell the current state of the     presentation. And I need to be able to access those, but in the default state of the presentation they are not present and are added asynchronously throughout the process of the presentation.\nHopefully, my request is clear.\nThank you for your time","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":307,"Q_Id":29733653,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There's wget on the robot, you could use it... (though I'm not sure I understand where is really the problem...)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,web-scraping","A_Id":29791337,"CreationDate":"2015-04-19T17:58:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to get current HTML from browser in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm running Scrapy 0.24.4, and have encountered quite a few sites that shut down the crawl very quickly, typically within 5 requests. The sites return 403 or 503 for every request, and Scrapy gives up. I'm running through a pool of 100 proxies, with the RotateUserAgentMiddleware enabled.\nDoes anybody know how a site could identify Scrapy that quickly, even with the proxies and user agents changing? Scrapy doesn't add anything to the request headers that gives it away, does it?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3256,"Q_Id":29758554,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It appears that the primary problem was not having cookies enabled. Having enabled cookies, I'm having more success now. Thanks.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":30086257,"CreationDate":"2015-04-20T21:15:00.000","Title":"Scrapy crawl blocked with 403\/503","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm running Scrapy 0.24.4, and have encountered quite a few sites that shut down the crawl very quickly, typically within 5 requests. The sites return 403 or 503 for every request, and Scrapy gives up. I'm running through a pool of 100 proxies, with the RotateUserAgentMiddleware enabled.\nDoes anybody know how a site could identify Scrapy that quickly, even with the proxies and user agents changing? Scrapy doesn't add anything to the request headers that gives it away, does it?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3256,"Q_Id":29758554,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I simply set AutoThrottle_ENABLED to True and my script was able to run.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":72128238,"CreationDate":"2015-04-20T21:15:00.000","Title":"Scrapy crawl blocked with 403\/503","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to install selenium library for python on my Ubuntu machine using pip installer.\nI receive the following error:\n\npip install selenium\nException: Traceback (most recent call last):   File\n  \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/pip\/basecommand.py\", line 122, in\n  main\n      status = self.run(options, args)   File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/pip\/commands\/install.py\", line 304,\n  in run\n      requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)   File\n  \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/pip\/req.py\", line 1230, in\n  prepare_files\n      req_to_install.run_egg_info()   File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/pip\/req.py\", line 293, in\n  run_egg_info\n      logger.notify('Running setup.py (path:%s) egg_info for package %s' % (self.setup_py, self.name))   File\n  \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/pip\/req.py\", line 285, in setup_py\n      if six.PY2 and isinstance(setup_py, six.text_type): AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'PY2'\n\nI am currently using Python 2.7.9\n\npython --version\nPython 2.7.9","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":361,"Q_Id":29772530,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Solved upgrading six\n\npip install --upgrade six","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ubuntu,selenium","A_Id":29772531,"CreationDate":"2015-04-21T12:41:00.000","Title":"Can't install python selenium on Ubuntu 14.10\/15.04(pre-release)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to execute a file after it gets downloaded on client side,File is a python script, User dont know how to change permission of a file, How to solve this issue??","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":48,"Q_Id":29778405,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Change file permissions to make it executable: sudo chmod +x file.py","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,apache,file-permissions","A_Id":29778427,"CreationDate":"2015-04-21T16:46:00.000","Title":"File permission gets changed after file gets downloaded on client machine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to execute a file after it gets downloaded on client side,File is a python script, User dont know how to change permission of a file, How to solve this issue??","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":48,"Q_Id":29778405,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Maybe you can try teaching them how to use chmod +x command? Or actualy even more simple it would be to change it using GUI: right click -> properties -> permissions-> pick what is needed","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,apache,file-permissions","A_Id":29778455,"CreationDate":"2015-04-21T16:46:00.000","Title":"File permission gets changed after file gets downloaded on client machine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm wondering if there is a way to use the copy_tree module in Python to copy a directory tree over a network. Has anyone done this or seen something close to this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":90,"Q_Id":29803463,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Do you mean the \"copy_tree\" method in distutils.dir_util module? If so the answer is no, with a caveat. The Code requires a directory name for both the source and destination directories. The caveat is if you can mount the remote drive onto your the local machine then it would be doable.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,directory,sftp,distutils","A_Id":29803781,"CreationDate":"2015-04-22T16:20:00.000","Title":"Python : copy_tree over network?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to invalidate the session using jira-python rest client. How can I achieve this feature, is it built in or needs to be implemented?\nI tried looking at all the APIs available in client.py and there seems to be no way to destroy or invalidate a session.\nAnother question that follow is, do I have to authenticate on every REST call made by the client? Currently that is what I am doing.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1174,"Q_Id":29810878,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just to be clear, one of the reasons why is called REST api is because you do not have to do anything with the session.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rest,python-jira","A_Id":29880808,"CreationDate":"2015-04-22T23:36:00.000","Title":"Destroy session using jira-python REST client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to run a sample BigQuery query using a Python Client that I downloaded from the Google Site (modified with my client secrets, project info, etc.), but am unable to get passed the browser page that is requesting access.  I've tried several browsers including Chrome and Firefox.  I am on a MAC if that matters.\nI've tried both the native google client sample as well as Pandas GBQ API.\nWhen I execute either of the API samples, a page is rendered in the browser basically asking that the client API is requesting permission to \"View and manage your data in Google BigQuery\".\nWhen I click Accept, a new page is rendered with an error that indicates no data was returned from the server.\nI cannot tell if this is an issue with Google or my local network blocking.\nI would like to know what might be going on or how I can troubleshoot this issue so I can authenticate\/authorize and run queries through my python client.\nThanks,\nJ.D.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":442,"Q_Id":29832656,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The issue was environmental.  My browser was not recognizing localhost, so when I manually modified the url to reference the ip, 127.0.0.1, then the authorization succeeded. \nThanks for the responses.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,authentication,authorization,google-bigquery","A_Id":29853676,"CreationDate":"2015-04-23T19:28:00.000","Title":"Unable to Authenticate with Google BigQuery","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been using Scapy to craft packets and test my network, but the programmer inside me is itching to know how to do this without Scapy.\nFor example, how do I craft a DNS Query using sockets (I assume it's sockets that would be used).\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2153,"Q_Id":29852509,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"To open a UDP socket you'd use:\ns = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP\nTo send use:\nquery = craft_dns_query() # you do this part\ns.sendto(query,(socket.inet_aton(\"8.8.8.8\",53))\nTo receive the response use:\nresponse = s.recv(1024)\nYou'll have to refer to documentation on DNS for actually crafting the messages and handling the responses.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,tcp,tcp-ip","A_Id":29898151,"CreationDate":"2015-04-24T16:14:00.000","Title":"Crafting a DNS Query Message in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to parse a large XML file (25 GB) in python, and change some of its elements.\nI tried ElementTree from xml.etree but it takes too much time at the first step (ElementTree.parse).\nI read somewhere that SAX is fast and do not load the entire file into the memory but it just for parsing not modifying.\n'iterparse' should also be just for parsing not modifying.\nIs there any other option which is fast and memory efficient?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1129,"Q_Id":29853949,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"What is important for you here is that you need a streaming parser, which is what sax is. (There is a built in sax implementation in python and lxml provides one.) The problem is that since you are trying to modify the xml file, you will have to rewrite the xml file as you read it.\nAn XML file is a text file, You can't go and change some data in the middle of the text file without rewriting the entire text file (unless the data is the exact same size which is unlikely)\nYou can use SAX to read in each element and register an event to write back each element after it is been read and modified. If your changes are really simple it may be even faster to not even bother with the XML parsing and just match text for what you are looking for.\nIf you are doing any signinficant work with this large of an XML file, then I would say you shouldn't be using an XML file, you should be using a database.\nThe problem you have run into here is the same issue that Cobol programmers on mainframes had when they were working with File based data","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,parsing,sax,elementtree","A_Id":29855367,"CreationDate":"2015-04-24T17:33:00.000","Title":"memory efficient way to change and parse a large XML file in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am implementing a small distributed system (in Python) with nodes behind firewalls. What is the easiest way to pass messages between the nodes under the following restrictions:\n\nI don't want to open any ports or punch holes in the firewall \nAlso, I don't want to export\/forward any internal ports outside my network\nTime delay less than, say 5 minutes, is acceptable, but closer to real time would be nice, if possible.\n1+2 \u2192 I need to use a third party, accessible by all my nodes. From this follows, that I probably also want to use encryption\n\nSolutions considered:\n\nEmail - by setting up separate or a shared free email accounts (e.g. Gmail) which each client connects to using IMAP\/SMTP\nGoogle docs - using a shared online spreadsheet (e.g. Google docs) and some python library for accessing\/changing cells using a polling mechanism\nXMPP using connections to a third party server \nIRC\nRenting a cheap 5$ VPS and setting up a Zero-MQ publish-subscribe node (or any other protocol) forwarded over SSH and having all nodes connect to it\n\nAre there any other public (free) accessible message queues available (or platforms that can be misused as a message queue)?\nI am aware of the solution of setting up my own message broker (RabbitMQ, Mosquito) etc and make it accessible to my nodes somehow (ssh-forwardning to a third host etc). But my questions is primarily about any solution that doesn't require me to do that, i.e. any solutions that utilizes already available\/accessible third party infrastructure. (i.e. are there any public message brokers I can use?)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1745,"Q_Id":29902069,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would recommend RabbitMQ or Redis (RabbitMQ preferred because it is a very mature technology and insanely reliable). ZMQ is an option if you want a single hop messaging system instead of a brokered messaging system such as RabbitMQ but ZMQ is harder to use than RabbitMQ. Depending on how you want to utilize the message passing (is it a task dispatch in which case you can use Celery or if you need a slightly more low-level access in which case use Kombu with librabbitmq transport )","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,message-queue,messaging,distributed,distributed-system","A_Id":29904422,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T17:15:00.000","Title":"Simple way for message passing in distributed system","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Amazon is sunsetting SSLv3 support soon, and I am trying to verify that boto is utilizing TLS. Is there a good way to verify this? Or is there a good test to show TLS utilization?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3258,"Q_Id":29903119,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"At a high-level, the client and the server will negotiate which one to support as part of the SSL\/TLS handshake, the highest supported version of the protocol, both from the client and the server side, wins.  If client supports the latest and greatest which is TLS 1.2 and the server supports it as well, they will decide to use TLS 1.2.  You can sniff the traffic using Wireshark or other similar packet capture tools to determine if the encrypted traffic is using SSLv3 or TLS.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,ssl,amazon-s3,boto,sslv3","A_Id":30356292,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T18:17:00.000","Title":"How to tell if boto is using SSLv3 or TLS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Amazon is sunsetting SSLv3 support soon, and I am trying to verify that boto is utilizing TLS. Is there a good way to verify this? Or is there a good test to show TLS utilization?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3258,"Q_Id":29903119,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"As stated above, you can use a packet sniffer to determine if SSLv3 connections are being made:\n# sudo tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp[((tcp[12]>>4)*4)+9:2]=0x0300'\nReplace 'eth0' with the correct interface. Then test if it's working, by performing a SSLv3 connection with openssl:\n# openssl s_client -connect s3.amazonaws.com:443 -ssl3\nThat activity should be captured by tcpdump, if network interface is correct. Finally, test your app. If it's using SSLv3 it should be visible as well. You can also change the capture filter to see what protocol is being used:\n\nTLSv1 - 0x0301 \nTLSv1.1 - 0x0302 \nTLSv1.2 - 0x0303","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,ssl,amazon-s3,boto,sslv3","A_Id":30388720,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T18:17:00.000","Title":"How to tell if boto is using SSLv3 or TLS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The best way to resolve is, while creating your interpreter select your global python path on your system(\/usr\/local\/bin\/python3.7).\nMake sure that in pycharm shell, python --version appears as 3.7. It shouldn't show 2.7","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":57754599,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0133325433,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"One of the possible reason: If you have more than one python versions installed and let's say you installed beautifulsoup4 using pip3, it will only be available for import when you run it in python3 shell.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":54489766,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Copy bs4 and beautifulsoup4-4.6.0.dist-info from C:\\python\\Lib\\site-packages to your local project directory. It worked for me. Here, python actually looks for the library in local directory rather than the place where the library was installed!","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":53284293,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I experienced a variation of this problem and am posting for others' benefit.\nI named my Python example script bs4.py\nInside this script, whenever trying to import bs4 using the command:\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup, an ImportError was thrown, but confusingly (for me) the import worked perfectly from an interactive shell within the same venv environment.\nAfter renaming the Python script, imports work as expected. The error was caused as Python tries to import itself from the local directory rather than using the system copy of bs4","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":52847210,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For me it was a permissions issue. Directory \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python#.#\/site-packages\/bs4\" was only 'rwx' by root and no other groups\/users.  Please check permissions on that directory.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":72153534,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Make sure the directory from which you are running your script does not contain a filename called bs4.py.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":59960168,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had the same problem. The error was that the file in which I was importing beautifulsoup from bs4 was in another folder. Just replaced the file out of the internal folder and it worked.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":69835809,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no problem with package just need to Copy bs4 and\nbeautifulsoup4-4.6.0.dist-info into your project directory","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":61982622,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I was also facing this type error in the beginning even after install all the modules which were required including pip install bs4 (if you have installed this then no need to install beautifusoup4 | BeautifulSoup4 through pip or anywhere else it comes with bs4 itself)\nSolution : Just go to your python file where it is installed  C:\\python\\Lib\\site-packages\nand then copy bs4 and beautifulsoup4-4.6.0.dist-info folders and paste it to your project folder where you have saved your working project.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":51398896,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For anyone else that might have the same issue as me. I tried all the above, but still didn't work. issue was 1 was using a virtual environment so needed to do pip install in the pycharm terminal instead of a command prompt to install it there. Secondly I had typed import Beautifulsoup with the S not capitalized. changed to BeautifulSoup and it worked.","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":70643924,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":17,"Answer":"The issue was I named the file HTMLParser.py , and that name is already used somewhere in the bs4 module.\nThanks to everyone that helped!","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":29924863,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use BeautifulSoup, and despite using the import statement: \nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nI am getting the error: ImportError: cannot import name BeautifulSoup\nimport bs4 does not give any errors.\nI have also tried import bs4.BeautifulSoup and just importing bs4 and creating a BeautifulSoup object with: bs4.BeautifulSoup()\nAny guidance would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":15,"Available Count":12,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46868,"Q_Id":29907405,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"I found out after numerous attempts to solve the ImportError: cannot import name 'BeautifulSoup4' that the package is actually called BeautifulSoup so the import should be:\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup","Q_Score":18,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup","A_Id":60569945,"CreationDate":"2015-04-27T22:57:00.000","Title":"Cannot import Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to use Django for communication with some kind of server process? For example on my Django website I want to have form where I input connection details (host and port) and after connection I want to send some request or events to other server process (some simple action like slider moving or clicking a button). Can I use python socket programming for this or is there some easier way?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":409,"Q_Id":29915865,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use with django any python packages as with any \"normal\" python program. If you have a module, that communicate with your server, you can use this, if not, you have to write one on your own possibly with socket programming.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":29916039,"CreationDate":"2015-04-28T09:45:00.000","Title":"Socket communication with Django","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to go through tweets of a particular user and get all replies on that tweet. I found that the APIv1.1 of twitter does not directly support it.\nIs there a hack or a workaround on getting the replies for a particular tweet. I am using python Streaming API.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":18865,"Q_Id":29928638,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Here's a work around to fetch replies of a tweet made by \"username\" using the rest  API using tweepy\n1) Find the tweet_id of the tweet for which the replies are required to be fetched\n2) Using the api's search method query the following (q=\"@username\", since_id=tweet_id) and retrieve all tweets since tweet_id\n3) the results matching the in_reply_to_status_id to tweet_id is the replies for the post.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy,tweets,twitter-streaming-api","A_Id":31647823,"CreationDate":"2015-04-28T19:52:00.000","Title":"Getting tweet replies to a particular tweet from a particular user","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Python client behind a NAT and a python server with a public IP address. My job is to send a pcap file (the size of a few MB) from the client to a server, as well as a dictionary with some data. \nIs there any easy way of doing this without resorting to third-party libraries (e.g. twisted, tornado)?\nIf not, what's the easiest alternative?\nI thought I could send the pcap file through http so that it would be easier to read it on the server side, and perhaps I could do the same with the dictionary by first pickling it. Would it be a good solution?\n(I have complete control on the server, where I can install whatever)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":635,"Q_Id":29945960,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you can install software on the server, and the server allows HTTP connections, you can write your own simple HTTP server (Python has libraries for doing that).  If not, the answer would depend on what services are available on the server.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,file,client,server","A_Id":29946100,"CreationDate":"2015-04-29T13:58:00.000","Title":"Python: send file to a server without third-party libraries?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Python3 and mime.multipart to send an attachment. I was able to send attachment successfully. But today, I get an error saying file does not exist, when I can see in WINSCP that it clearly does. Is this a permissions issue? Also when I list the contents of the directory, the file DOES NOT show up. What is going on?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":115,"Q_Id":29946610,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I wasn't closing the stream after writing to the file. So the code couldn't find the file. However when the script finished, the stream would get closed by force and I would see the file in the folder.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,file-upload,email-attachments,mime-message","A_Id":29947447,"CreationDate":"2015-04-29T14:25:00.000","Title":"Python cannot find file to send as email attachment","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to understand how to use websockets correctly and seem to be missing some fundamental part of the puzzle.\nSay I have a website with 3 different pages:\n\nnewsfeed1.html \nnewsfeed2.html \nnewsfeed3.html\n\nWhen a user goes to one of those pages they get a feed specific to the page, ie newsfeed1.html = sport, newsfeed2.html = world news etc.\nThere is a CoreApplication.py that does all the handling of getting data and parsing etc.\nThen there is a WebSocketServer.py, using say Autobahn.\nAll the examples I have looked at, and that is alot, only seem to react to a message from the client (browser) within the WebSocketServer.py, think chat echo examples. So a client browser sends a chat message and it is echoed back or broadcast to all connected client browsers.\nWhat I am trying to figure out is given the following two components:\n\nCoreApplication.py\nWebSocketServer.py\n\nHow to best make CoreApplication.py communicate with WebSocketServer.py for the purpose of sending messages to connected users.\nNormally should CoreApplication.py simply send command messages to the WebSocketServer.py as a client. For example like this:\nCoreApplication.py -> Connects to WebServerSocket.py as a normal client -> sends a Json command message (like broadcast message X to all users || send message Y to specific remote client) -> WebSocketServer.py determines how to process the incoming message dependant on which client is connected to which feed and sends to according remote client browsers.\nOR, should CoreApplication.py connect programatically with WebSocketServer.py? As I cannot seem to find any examples of being able to do this for example with Autobahn or other simple web sockets as once the WebSocketServer is instantiated it seems to run in a loop and does not accept external sendMessage requests?\nSo to sum up the question: What is the best practice? To simply make CoreApplication.py interact with WebSocketServer.py as a client (with special command data) or for CoreApplication.py to use an already running instance of  WebSocketServer.py (both of which are on the same machine) through some more direct method to directly sendMessages without having to make a full websocket connection first to the WebSocketServer.py server?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":704,"Q_Id":29967612,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends on your software design, if you decide the logic from WebSocketServer.px and CoreApplication.py belongs together, merge it. \nIf not, you need some kind of inter process communication (ipc). \nYou can use websockets for this ipc, but i would suggest, you use something simpler. For example, you can you json-rpc over tcp or unix domain to send control messages from CoreApplication.py to WebSocketServer.py","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,websocket","A_Id":29967827,"CreationDate":"2015-04-30T12:19:00.000","Title":"WebSockets best practice for connecting an external application to push data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My python program outputs a set of url links. When I run this on pycharm, I can directly click on the links and that will open them up in the browser. However, when I run the python file by double clicking on the .py file, the links are not clickable. I want the links to be clickable so it takes me to the browser directly. \nPlease support solutions with explanations as I am still learning. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3643,"Q_Id":30026870,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As outlined above, you need to use a terminal that supports clicking of URL's. \nOn linux, most terminals do this. Ex Gnome-terminal, terminator etc.. \nOn Mac, try iterm2.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,hyperlink,pycharm","A_Id":40915552,"CreationDate":"2015-05-04T09:35:00.000","Title":"Clickable links in terminal output","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering what is the difference between using pkt.time and pkt[IP].time since they both give different times for the same packet.\nI was also wondering how to interpret packet time such as 1430123453.564733 \nIf anyone has an idea or knows where I can find such information it would be very helpful.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":501,"Q_Id":30036175,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"pkt.time gives you the epoch time that is included in the FRAME layer of the packet in wireshark. \nJust after the notation pkt[IP].time gives you the time that is included in the IP layer of the packet in wireshark. But the IP layer has no time, so I don't think this command will work.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python-2.7,packet,scapy","A_Id":47197343,"CreationDate":"2015-05-04T17:26:00.000","Title":"Scapy packet time interpretation","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I see this issue on google selenium site but it has not been resolved yet.\nwhen you element.send_key('12345')\nit will return '123'. The 5 is parsed as backspace....\nis there a work around for this?\nUsing latest selenium, chrome, chromedriver, python 2.7, ubuntu 12.04","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4525,"Q_Id":30073603,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As dear @Epiwin mentioned ,it is a horrible bug in TightVNC or combination of chrome driver and it, I've removed it completely and install TigerVNC instead and eventually it worked.\nBTW, I don't know why! but the speed of the remote connection increased after migrate to TigerVNC, and it was another good point for mine.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":66779985,"CreationDate":"2015-05-06T10:07:00.000","Title":"Python: Selenium send_key can't type numbers like 5 or 6","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"To experiment with a recommender, I want a good amount of data consisting of users-bookmarks mapping, optionally with some user info, page tags etc. I am trying to use pydelicious to do that but not able to. Through a book I was referring to, I am trying to run get_popular() but every time it results into a result with description as \"something went wrong\"","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":366,"Q_Id":30104305,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I had the same problem, this works for me..\nBefore installing the package, change this line:\nrss = http_request('url').read()\nto:\nrss = http_request('http:\/\/feeds.delicious.com\/v2\/rss').read()\nIt is located at init.py\nThen you can install the package running python setup.py install","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,dataset,mahout-recommender,delicious-api","A_Id":32162113,"CreationDate":"2015-05-07T14:39:00.000","Title":"How to use pydelicious to get bookmark data with user mapping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"A question about testing proper nesting of XML tags:\nI got a list of tags, extracted from top to bottom from an xml file:\n\nClosing tags are clearly indicated by forward slash\n\/to and \/lastname tags are incorrectly nested. They should be switched. \/lastname should be within to, \/to parent tags.\n\ntag_list = ['note', 'to', 'firstname', '\/firstname', 'lastname', '\/to', '\/lastname', '\/note']\nWhat would be the code or direction to spot that \/lastname tag is outside of its parent which is to, \/to pair?\nCheers.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":30114069,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Make an empty stack.\n\nIterating through the list: \n\nif you find a start tag, push it onto the stack.\nif you find an end tag, compare it to the entry on top of the stack.\n\nif the stack is empty or the top doesn't match, fail.\nif it matches, pop the stack and continue.\n\n\nAt the end of the iteration:\n\nif the stack is empty, declare success.\notherwise fail.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,nested","A_Id":30114393,"CreationDate":"2015-05-08T00:54:00.000","Title":"Detecting incorrect nesting of XML tags in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Say I have a typical web server that serves standard HTML pages to clients, and a websocket server running alongside it used for realtime updates (chat, notifications, etc.).\nMy general workflow is when something occurs on the main server that triggers the need for a realtime message, the main server sends that message to the realtime server (via a message queue) and the realtime server distributes it to any related connection.\nMy concern is, if I want to scale things up a bit, and add another realtime server, it seems my only options are:\n\nHave the main server keep track of which realtime server the client\nis connected to. When that client receives a notification\/chat\nmessage, the main server forwards that message along to only the\nrealtime server the client is connected to. The downside here is\ncode complexity, as the main server has to do some extra book\nkeeping. \nOr instead have the main server simply pass that message\nalong to every realtime server; only the server the client is\nconnected to would actually do anything with it. This would result\nin a number of wasted messages being passed around.\n\nAm I missing another option here? I'm just trying to make sure I don't go too far down one of these paths and realize I'm doing things totally wrong.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":559,"Q_Id":30114325,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the scenario is \na) The main web server raises a message upon an action (let's say a record is inserted)\nb ) He notifies the appropriate real-time server\nyou could decouple these two steps by using an intermediate pub\/sub architecture that forwards the messages to the indended recipient. \nAn implementation would be\n1) You have a redis pub-sub channel where upon a client connecting to a real-time socket, you start listening in that channel\n2) When the main app wants to notify a user via the real-time server, it pushes to the channel a message, the real-time server get's it and forwards it to the intended user.\nThis way, you decouple the realtime notification from the main app and you don't have to keep track of where the user is.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,websocket,real-time,scalability","A_Id":30188812,"CreationDate":"2015-05-08T01:26:00.000","Title":"Scaling a decoupled realtime server alongside a standard webserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Say I have a typical web server that serves standard HTML pages to clients, and a websocket server running alongside it used for realtime updates (chat, notifications, etc.).\nMy general workflow is when something occurs on the main server that triggers the need for a realtime message, the main server sends that message to the realtime server (via a message queue) and the realtime server distributes it to any related connection.\nMy concern is, if I want to scale things up a bit, and add another realtime server, it seems my only options are:\n\nHave the main server keep track of which realtime server the client\nis connected to. When that client receives a notification\/chat\nmessage, the main server forwards that message along to only the\nrealtime server the client is connected to. The downside here is\ncode complexity, as the main server has to do some extra book\nkeeping. \nOr instead have the main server simply pass that message\nalong to every realtime server; only the server the client is\nconnected to would actually do anything with it. This would result\nin a number of wasted messages being passed around.\n\nAm I missing another option here? I'm just trying to make sure I don't go too far down one of these paths and realize I'm doing things totally wrong.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":559,"Q_Id":30114325,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Changed the answer because a reply indicated that the \"main\" and \"realtime\" servers are alraady load-balanced clusters and not individual hosts.\nThe central scalability question seems to be:\n\nMy general workflow is when something occurs on the main server that triggers the need for a realtime message, the main server sends that message to the realtime server (via a message queue) and the realtime server distributes it to any related connection.\n\nEmphasis on the word \"related\". Assume you have 10 \"main\" servers and 50 \"realtime\" servers, and an event occurs on main server #5: which of the websockets would be considered related to this event?\nWorst case is that any event on any \"main\" server would need to propagate to all websockets. That's a O(N^2) complexity, which counts as a severe scalability impairment.\nThis O(N^2) complexity can only be prevented if you can group the related connections in groups that don't grow with the cluster size or total nr. of connections. Grouping requires state memory to store to which group(s) does a connection belong.\nRemember that there's 3 ways to store state:\n\nglobal memory (memcached \/ redis \/ DB, ...)\nsticky routing (load balancer configuration)\nclient memory (cookies, browser local storage, link\/redirect URLs)\n\nWhere option 3 counts as the most scalable one because it omits a central state storage.\nFor passing the messages from \"main\" to the \"realtime\" servers, that traffic should by definition be much smaller than the traffic towards the clients. There's also efficient frameworks to push pub\/sub traffic.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,websocket,real-time,scalability","A_Id":30170295,"CreationDate":"2015-05-08T01:26:00.000","Title":"Scaling a decoupled realtime server alongside a standard webserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I apologize I couldn't find a proper title, let me explain what I'm working on: \nI have a Python IRC bot, and I want to be able to keep track of how long users have been idle in the channel, and allow them to earn things (I have it tied to Skype\/Minecraft\/my website) each x amount of hours they're idle in the channel.\nI already have everything to keep track of each user and have them validated with the site and stuff, but I am not sure how I would keep track of the time they're idle.\nI have it capture on join\/leave\/part messages. How can I get a timer set up when they join, and keep that timer running, along with other times for all of the users who are in that channel, and each hour they've been idle (not all at same time) do something then restart the timer over for them?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":103,"Q_Id":30118631,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Two general ways:\n\nCreate a separate timer for each user when he joins, do something when the timer fires and destroy it when the user leaves.\nHave one timer set to fire, say, every second (or ten seconds) and iterate over all the users when it fires to see how long they have been idle.\n\nA more precise answer would require deeper insight into your architecture, I\u2019m afraid.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,timer","A_Id":30118684,"CreationDate":"2015-05-08T07:52:00.000","Title":"Keep track of items in array with timer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The Grooveshark music streaming service has been shut down without previous notification. I had many playlists that I would like to recover (playlists I made over several years).\nIs there any way I could recover them? A script or something automated would be awesome.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12131,"Q_Id":30124541,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"You can access some information left in your browser by checking the localStorage variable.\n\nGo to grooveshark.com\nOpen dev tools (Right click -> Inspect Element)\nGo to Resources -> LocalStorage -> grooveshark.com\nLook for library variables: recentListens, library and storedQueue\nParse those variables to extract your songs\n\nMight not give your playlists, but can help retrieving some of your collection.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,backup,playlist,recovery,grooveshark","A_Id":30194984,"CreationDate":"2015-05-08T13:00:00.000","Title":"How can I make a script to recover my Grooveshark playlists now that the service has been shut down?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to import the web module of python to create a simple Hello World program on my browser using web.py. \nWhen I run it from the command line I am getting errors about  the web.py package. If I run it from IDLE, it works fine.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":83,"Q_Id":30155400,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Sometimes the problem is in the PYTHONPATH, and the IDE modify the environment variables so when you run it from there you don't have a problem.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,module,web.py","A_Id":53768539,"CreationDate":"2015-05-10T18:54:00.000","Title":"Unable to import python module 'web'?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have OpenStack UI running. I made some changes in the local-setting.py file and restarted the Horizon service using service httpd restart and try to hit OpenStack UI but it returns an error: \"HTTP 400 Bad request\".\nWhen I revert back all changes, restart the service and try again the error is still there.\nPlease help me !!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":808,"Q_Id":30174910,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if you are running on Horizon on Apache then you need to check apache logs to identify issue. Horizon logs will not contains anything if apache was not able to execute WSGI script for Horizon.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,openstack,openstack-horizon","A_Id":30254113,"CreationDate":"2015-05-11T18:21:00.000","Title":"Unabe to Get OpenStack Login prompt","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have OpenStack UI running. I made some changes in the local-setting.py file and restarted the Horizon service using service httpd restart and try to hit OpenStack UI but it returns an error: \"HTTP 400 Bad request\".\nWhen I revert back all changes, restart the service and try again the error is still there.\nPlease help me !!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":808,"Q_Id":30174910,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Total agree with above comments, check your apache or httpd log files.\nMost probably error cause due to improper info.\nadded (for centos)  under below file.\n\/etc\/openstack-dashboard\/local_settings\nALLOWED_HOSTS = ['XX.XX.XX.XX', 'ControllerName', 'localhost']\nHopefully this will resolve issue.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,openstack,openstack-horizon","A_Id":52743233,"CreationDate":"2015-05-11T18:21:00.000","Title":"Unabe to Get OpenStack Login prompt","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using time and datetime modules in server and in client scripts. When I am receiving data that contains date from server - it is wrong and different to client because of wrong timezone and wrong time on server.\nHow to deal with it and what is the best way to deal with it?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":30211422,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You should either convert the time to the time zone of the client, or show the time zone. I e, for a client in Warsaw show\n\"2015-05-14 11:40\" or \"2015-05-14 09:40 GMT\" or similar.\nWhich one you want depends a lot on what data it is you are showing.\nHow to figure out the client timezone is a long topic that probably is covered elsewhere here, and that again depends on the application. You can convert it with Javascript, or have a setting, or make a guess based on countr and IP address, etc. Loads of options.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,date,datetime,time,timezone","A_Id":30234068,"CreationDate":"2015-05-13T09:57:00.000","Title":"Server and client are python scripts, are there a way to synchronize server to client time without changing system dates anywere?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I send an xml file to a Django app server from a command line interface? \nI tried using curl, but the data I get on the Django side becomes a dictionary and doesn't look like xml. In addition to that I need some basic authorization mechanism. I tried curl examples, but to no avail. Maybe I am expecting the wrong thing. Can someone guide me to the right tutorial or examples.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":238,"Q_Id":30215568,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"request.body should contain the XML as string.\n\nI tried using curl, but the data I get on the Django side becomes a\n  dictionary\n\nCan you please share the code blocks to receive\/print the data?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,django,curl","A_Id":30215688,"CreationDate":"2015-05-13T13:00:00.000","Title":"Send a XML file with authorization to a django app","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am new at Server side,\nbut I have gotten a chance to design and implement a server that will cover around 2000~3000 client.\nAnd I am thinking that I will use Python and Websocket, though I don't know this choice is appropriate.\nIn this point, I am curious on how to design the server.\nI think there must be some architecture normally in use depending on capacity that server handles.\nOtherwise, Could I use a Websocket server offered by some python package like Tornado or Django?\nI hope that I can get any information on this.\nAny advice?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":117,"Q_Id":30221772,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"One of solutions could be Pyramid, sockjs, gunicorn, and gevent. Nginx probably better suits to be a frontend than Apache, but of course if you do not have any lengthy processing on the backend, any decent asynchronous Python server with websocket and sockjs support (not sure about socket.io as an alternative) will work for you out of the box.\nLenghty processing should be offloaded to some queue workers anyway, so asynchronous server will fit the bill.\nJust check whether all used datastore\/database adapters are compatible with your server solution be it asynchronous or multi-threading.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,websocket,server,capacity","A_Id":30222997,"CreationDate":"2015-05-13T17:39:00.000","Title":"Server architecture depending on the capacity","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to \"cache\" the requests I make with the python \"requests\" module in a way that even if I go offline the module still returns the webpage as if I was online? How can I achieve something like this? Currently I only found caching libraries that just cache the webpage but you still have to be online...","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":568,"Q_Id":30233406,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"For anyone else searching, the module that does the job is called \"vcrpy\".","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-2.7,caching,python-requests","A_Id":30299626,"CreationDate":"2015-05-14T09:09:00.000","Title":"Caching python web requests for offline use","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm making several requests using threads and I am not interested in the delay required to get the responses.\nThe most important thing for me is the reception of the response.\nI put these values (all the bigger ones return errors): \nc.setopt (pycurl.CONNECTTIMEOUT ,3600000000000000000)\nc.setopt (pycurl.TIMEOUT,3600000000000000000) \nBut I got the same error just after receiving some responses.\nerror: (7, 'Failed to connect to localhost port 4000: Connection timed out')\nPlease can some one help me . \nThank you very much.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":259,"Q_Id":30270075,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Observing the error: 'Failed to connect to localhost port 4000: Connection timed out'). Are you sure the domains\/url you are trying to connect is not including localhost or a domain that resolves to localhost (i.e. 127.0.0.1)? Also port 4000 is not the typical port you will find a web server listening on.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7","A_Id":35987562,"CreationDate":"2015-05-15T23:10:00.000","Title":"Connection timed out (pycurl)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm querying the Mixpanel API pretty consistently, but every so often, the request does not go through and I am given this error:\nurllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known>\nI did some searching and there might be some caching issues, so I tried this in terminal:\ndscacheutil -flushcache\nI tried the above last night and it worked, but now when I am greeted with the same error and I try to flush the cache, I am still given the same error.\nThere haven't been any code changes that would have given me this error.\nAny thoughts why this is happening?\nP.S. Yes, I know urllib2 blows.  I would prefer to be using requests, but the urllib2 calls are in a mixpanel client and I'd prefer not to mess around with it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":126,"Q_Id":30281349,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The problem seemed to be solved by a combination of Ajay's comment:\nTry after installing this pip install pyopenssl ndg-httpsclient pyasn1 if you are using python2\nand the OS X Yosemite version of DNS cache flushing:\nsudo discoveryutil mdnsflushcache","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":30281634,"CreationDate":"2015-05-16T22:19:00.000","Title":"urllib2 request randomly stops working without code changes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was wondering if there is a way to detect, from a python script, if the computer is connected to the internet using a tethered cell phone?\nI have a Python script which runs a bunch of network measurement tests. Ideally, depending on the type of network the client is using (ethernet, wifi, LTE, ...) the tests should change. The challenge is how to get this information from the python client, with out asking the user to provide it. Especially detect tethering.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":605,"Q_Id":30330543,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Normally not - from the computer's prospective the tethered cell phone is simply just another wifi router\/provider.\nYou might be able to detect some of the phone carrier networks from the traceroute info to some known servers (DNS names or even IP address ranges of network nodes - they don't change that often).\nIf you have control over the phone tethering you could also theoretically use the phone's wifi SSID (or even IP address ranges) to identify tethering via individual\/specific phones (not 100% reliable either unless you know that you can't get those parameters from other sources).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,wifi,tethering","A_Id":30333512,"CreationDate":"2015-05-19T15:58:00.000","Title":"Detect if connected to the internet using a tethered phone in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using GoogleScraper for some automated searches in python.\nGoogleScraper keeps search results for search queries in its database named google_scraper.db.e.g. if i have searched site:*.us engineering books and due to internet issue while making json file by GoogleScraper.If the result is missed and json file is not like that what it must be then when i again search that command using GoogleScraper it gives same result while internet is working fine,i mean to say GoogleScraper maintains its database for a query which it has searched and does not search again it, when i search that command whose result is stored in database,it does not give new result but give results from database stored previously","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":192,"Q_Id":30347571,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I solved the issue which keeps searches in GoogleScraper database,we first have to run following command\nGoogleScraper --clean\nThis command cleans all cache and we can search again with new results.\n\nRegards!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bash,web-scraping","A_Id":30433834,"CreationDate":"2015-05-20T10:54:00.000","Title":"GoogleScraper keeps searches in database","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have both Python 2.7 and 3.4 installed on my Ubuntu 14.04 machine.  I want to install the 'requests' module so it is accessible from Py3.4.\nWhen I issued pip install requests on my terminal cmd line I got back:\n\n\"Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): requests in \/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\"\n\nHow can I direct pip to install requests for 3.4 even though it is already in 2.7?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":316112,"Q_Id":30362600,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"i just reinstalled the pip and it works, but I still wanna know why it happened...\ni used the apt-get remove --purge python-pip after I just apt-get install pyhton-pip and it works, but don't ask me why...","Q_Score":51,"Tags":"python-3.x,pip,python-requests","A_Id":53805505,"CreationDate":"2015-05-21T00:29:00.000","Title":"How to install requests module in Python 3.4, instead of 2.7","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have both Python 2.7 and 3.4 installed on my Ubuntu 14.04 machine.  I want to install the 'requests' module so it is accessible from Py3.4.\nWhen I issued pip install requests on my terminal cmd line I got back:\n\n\"Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): requests in \/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\"\n\nHow can I direct pip to install requests for 3.4 even though it is already in 2.7?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":316112,"Q_Id":30362600,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"i was facing same issue in beautiful soup , I solved this issue by this command , your issue will also get rectified . \nYou are unable to install requests in python 3.4 because your python libraries are not updated . \nuse this command \napt-get install python3-requests\nJust run it will ask you to add 222 MB space in your hard disk , just press Y and wait for completing process, after ending up whole process . check your problem will be resolved.","Q_Score":51,"Tags":"python-3.x,pip,python-requests","A_Id":53132450,"CreationDate":"2015-05-21T00:29:00.000","Title":"How to install requests module in Python 3.4, instead of 2.7","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way to find the port firefox url listens to when we open a url.\nplatform - ubuntu or any other linux distro","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":78,"Q_Id":30383356,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Practically speaking, no, for a couple of reasons. \nFirst, multiple connections: when you open, say, http:\/\/www.example.com\/, 99.9% of the time, the first page will have HREFs to other pages, often more than one. Firefox will typically open multiple additional connections to simultaneously pull down those different pages. So there isn't \"a port\" but multiple ports.\nSecond, there's simply no clean way to find out what port firefox is using. Every time firefox opens a connection, it simply creates a socket and connects. The kernel dynamically allocates an unused port for that socket. Firefox may not even aware of the port number itself (it could get that info if it wants, but I can't see why it would be doing so). The result is derivable via lsof(8), but that wouldn't give it to you in real-time. I.e. For most URLs, by the time you ran lsof and decoded the information, it would be stale (the connection would be closed).\nThe port could also (potentially) be gotten by ptrace(2)ing firefox (or letting strace(1) do that). But you would probably drastically affect the performance of firefox by doing so. And decoding the output would be quite complicated.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,firefox,browser","A_Id":30383779,"CreationDate":"2015-05-21T20:05:00.000","Title":"Python script to dynamically find the port to which firefox listens on opening a url?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using libtorrent in Python, but it doesn't recognize magnet link, which looks like magnet:?... with only sha1 hash, it needs to get &dn parameter to parse specific torrent-tracker.\nBy the way, qBitTorrent, which does use the same libtorrent lib can recognize only magnet link.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":310,"Q_Id":30406945,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the magnet link doesn't have any trackers in it, then the client needs to have the DHT active and get peers that way instead.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,libtorrent","A_Id":30408824,"CreationDate":"2015-05-22T22:48:00.000","Title":"I can't receive magnet-link metadata via libtorrent-python, without specifying udp-protocol of tracker","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking into what it would take to add a feature to my site so this is a pretty naive question. \nI'd like to be able to connect buyers and sellers via an email message once the buyer clicks \"buy\". \nI can see how I could do this in java script, querying the user database and sending an email with both parties involved. What I'm wondering is if there's a better way I can do this, playing monkey in the middle so they only receive an email from my site, and the it's automatically forwarded to the other party. That way they don't have to remember to hit reply-all, just reply. Also their email addresses remain anonymous. \nAgain assuming I generate a unique subject line with the transaction ID I could apply some rules here to just automatically forward the email from one party to the other but is there an API or library which can already do this for you?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":74,"Q_Id":30427300,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What you're describing would be handled largely by your backend.  If this were my project, I would choose the following simple route:\nStore the messages the buyers\/sellers send in your own database, then simply send notification emails when messages are sent. Have them reply to each other on your own site, like Facebook and eBay do.\nAn example flow would go like this:\n\n(Gather the user and buyer's email addresses via registration)\nBuyer enters a message and clicks 'Send Message' button on seller's page\nForm is posted (via AJAX or via POST) to a backend script\nYour backend code generates an email message\n\nSets the 'To' field to the seller\n\nYour seller gets an email alert of the potential buyer which shows the buyer's message\nThe Seller then logs on to your site (made easy by a URL in the email) to respond\nThe Seller enters a response message on your site and hits 'Reply'\nBuyer gets an email notification with the message body and a link to your site where they can compose a reply.\n\n...and so on.  So, replies would have to be authored on-site, rather than as an email 'reply.'  \nIf you choose to go this route, there are some simple 3rd party \"transactional email\" providers, which is the phrase you'd use to find them.  I've personally used SendGrid and found them easy to set up and use.  They have a simple plug in for every major framework.  There is also Mandrill, which is newer but gets good reviews as well.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,php,python,email","A_Id":30427829,"CreationDate":"2015-05-24T19:12:00.000","Title":"Email API for connecting in a marketplace?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using Facebook Graph API to get all the posts on my own timeline.\nThere is a problem. Because it was my birthday yesterday and all of the posts were done on my profile by others(my friends), these posts are shown as clubbed into one.\nThis is the response I get in one of the posts when I make an API call at \/v2.1\/me\/feed\n189 friends posted on your timeline for your birthday.\nBut I want to read(get) the posts separately. How can I do that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":67,"Q_Id":30429084,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Facebook aggregates all your friend birthday posts in a single post. Once the posts are aggregated there is no way to retrieve the individual post as they don't longer exist.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":30502981,"CreationDate":"2015-05-24T22:43:00.000","Title":"How to get Facebook posts of same type grouped into one, separately?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Making a very simple tic-tac-toe game in Python using a P2P architecture with sockets. Currently my GUI has button that says 'Create' that will open up and draw a new game board window, create a socket, bind, listen, and accept a connection. The 'Join' button will open and draw a new gameboard and connect to that 'server'. \nI'm trying to have it show a message saying 'Waiting for player...' when you create a game, a cancel button to stop and go back to the main menu, and have it disappear on it's own if a connection has been accepted.\nI tried using tkMessageBox but the script stops until the user clears the message so there's no way for me to listen\/accept until the user presses something. \nWhat other way is there for me to accomplish this?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":339,"Q_Id":30430162,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Sounds like a threading issue. \nI'm unfamiliar with TK graphics, but I'd imagine what you need to do is start the window showing the \"waiting for player\" message. That window then loops waiting for something to happen.\nWhen the message box displays you need to have the \"listening\" done on another thread, which signals back to the main message box when someone's connected using a semaphore or a queue. \nOn your main GUI thread you need to make the loop:\n\ncheck the queue or semaphore for values. If there's a value on there that you expect, close the box. This would need to be non-blocking so that the GUI thread can still check for input from the user.\ncheck for user input. That's probably done using callback functions though.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets,p2p","A_Id":30430588,"CreationDate":"2015-05-25T01:35:00.000","Title":"Python: Show message 'Waiting for player...' while socket listens for connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web.py program acting as a web service, delivering responses according to the files in its directory.\nNow I want to build a network of servers, each running an instance of the program. Additionally, each server has a list of addresses to other servers.\nThe motivation behind this is to allow different servers to store different files, delivering a different part of the (now distributed) service.\nSo far so good, each server looks at its own files, does its thing to create the responses and then concatenates to that all responses he gets from his neighbors in the network.\nThe problem is that this can cause circular requests if two servers have each other on their list (directly or indirectly).\nHow can I prevent this? I was thinking about appending a list of server addresses to each request. A server will add itself to the list when receiving the request. It will only request a response from those neighbors that are not on the list already. Is this a feasible approach?\nIs there something built into http (requests) to collect responses from several servers without creating endless loops?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":155,"Q_Id":30485902,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your approach should work. \nMight be faster to check if the server sees itself on the request list - that means it already processed that request thus all the other servers it has in its list should already be in the response list - no need to check each and every one of them. Or maybe use it as a redundant sanity check? Unless your system allows duplicate requests coming in simultaneously on multiple servers.\nAFAIK HTTP handles only client\/server (i.e. point to point) communications, in a 1:1 request\/response model - no loops.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,webserver,web.py,circular-reference","A_Id":30489207,"CreationDate":"2015-05-27T14:47:00.000","Title":"How can I prevent circular http requests in a network of servers?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to do some debuging on celery task using rdb but despite the fact that I can connect to the socket using telnet it doesn't give me any data, looks like Pdb is broken and doesn't have any data to inspect\nIt starts with this lane\n\nc:\\python27\\lib\\contextlib.py(21)exit()-> def exit(self, type, value, traceback):(Pdb)\n\nMy setup is RabbitMQ and Celery running on localhost together with python virtual env\nAny idea what may be wrong with it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":666,"Q_Id":30486773,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"For anyone who has this problem and finds their way here from google, I can't explain why rdb drops you into the middle of contextlib but I have found that if you execute the r(eturn) command a couple times you'll work your way back into the function you made your rdb.set_trace() call from.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,celery","A_Id":34818641,"CreationDate":"2015-05-27T15:25:00.000","Title":"Remote Debug of Celery using rdb","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How do I convert \"YANG\" data model to \"JSON\"? \nAs there is many many docs available in web, in that they changed in YANG\nsynatx to JSON but how the value for the leaf or leaf list they are getting? from where and how it will get actual data in JSON from YANG?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13938,"Q_Id":30503356,"Users Score":-4,"Answer":"Yang is a modeling language, not a data generation language.\nWhat you are asking for is a simulator that will contain the same or pseudo logic as your application to generate data.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,json,python-2.7,data-modeling,ietf-netmod-yang","A_Id":30657742,"CreationDate":"2015-05-28T10:04:00.000","Title":"how to convert YANG data model to JSON data?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What command should I use in command prompt to install requests module in python 3.4 version ???\n\npip install requests\n\nis not useful to install requests module in python 3.4 version. Because while running the script below error is coming\nImportError : no module named 'requests'","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108064,"Q_Id":30536946,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you hace problems with the python command only need add the route C:\/python34 or the route went you have python installed:\n\nList item\nRight click on \"My computer\"\nClick \"Properties\"\nClick \"Advanced system settings\" in the side panel\nClick \"Environment Variables\"\nClick the \"New\" below system variables\nfind the path variable and edit\nadd this variable ;C:\\Python34 with the semicolon\n\nnow you can run this comand\ncd C:\\Python34\npython -m pip install requests","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"pip,python-3.4","A_Id":48930745,"CreationDate":"2015-05-29T18:48:00.000","Title":"How to install requests module in python 3.4 version on windows?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What command should I use in command prompt to install requests module in python 3.4 version ???\n\npip install requests\n\nis not useful to install requests module in python 3.4 version. Because while running the script below error is coming\nImportError : no module named 'requests'","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":108064,"Q_Id":30536946,"Users Score":58,"Answer":"python -m pip install requests or py -m pip install requests","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"pip,python-3.4","A_Id":30537052,"CreationDate":"2015-05-29T18:48:00.000","Title":"How to install requests module in python 3.4 version on windows?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What command should I use in command prompt to install requests module in python 3.4 version ???\n\npip install requests\n\nis not useful to install requests module in python 3.4 version. Because while running the script below error is coming\nImportError : no module named 'requests'","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108064,"Q_Id":30536946,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"On Windows, I found navigating to my Python folder via CMD worked \ncd C:\\Python36\\\nand then running the commandline:\npython -m pip install requests","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"pip,python-3.4","A_Id":42662073,"CreationDate":"2015-05-29T18:48:00.000","Title":"How to install requests module in python 3.4 version on windows?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What command should I use in command prompt to install requests module in python 3.4 version ???\n\npip install requests\n\nis not useful to install requests module in python 3.4 version. Because while running the script below error is coming\nImportError : no module named 'requests'","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108064,"Q_Id":30536946,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"After installing python which comes with  pip run and exe and input \"pip install requests\"\nIt should do","Q_Score":20,"Tags":"pip,python-3.4","A_Id":64150710,"CreationDate":"2015-05-29T18:48:00.000","Title":"How to install requests module in python 3.4 version on windows?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a best way to invoke a python script on a remote server and poll the status and fetch the output. It is preferable for me to have this implementation also in python. The python script takes a very long time to execute and I want to poll the status intermediately on what all actions are being performed. Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":235,"Q_Id":30565824,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are so many options. 'Polling' is generally a bad idea, as it assumes CPU occupation. \n\nYou could have your script send you status changes.\nYou could have your script write it's actual status into a (remote) file (wither overwriting or appending to a log file) and you can look into that file. This is probably the easiest way. You can monitor the file with tail -f file over the link\nAnd many more - and more complicated - other options.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,polling,remote-server","A_Id":30566324,"CreationDate":"2015-06-01T04:53:00.000","Title":"Invoke a python script on a remote server and poll the status","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have two PCs and I want to monitor the Internet connectivity in both of them and make it available in a page as to whether they're currently online and running. How can I do that?\nI'm thinking of a cron job that gets executed every minute that sends a POST to a file located in a server, which in turn would write the connectivity status \"online\" to a file. In the page where the statuses are displayed, read from both the status files and display whether they're online or not. But this feels like a sloppy idea. What alternative suggestion do you have?\n(The answer doesn't necessarily have to be code; I'm not looking for copy-paste solutions. I just want an idea, a nudge in the right directio,)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":80,"Q_Id":30567284,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would suggest just a GET request (you just need a ping to indicate that the PC is on) sent periodically to maybe a Django server and if you query a page on the Django server, it shows a webpage indicating the status of each.\nIn the Django server have a loop where the time each GET is received is indicated, if the time between the last GET and current time is too large, set a flag to false.\nThat flag will later be visible when the URL is queried, via the views.\nI don't think this would end up sloppy, just a trivial solution where you don't really have to dig too deep to make it work.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,cron,connection,monitor","A_Id":30567385,"CreationDate":"2015-06-01T06:48:00.000","Title":"How to monitor the Internet connectivity on two PCs simultaneously?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am making a class in Python that relates a lot of nodes and edges together. I also have other operations that can take two separate objects and merge them into a single object of the same type, and so on.\nHowever, I need a way to give every node a unique ID for easy lookup. Is there a \"proper way\" to do this, or do I just have to keep an external ID variable that I increment and pass into my class methods every time I add more nodes to any object?\nI also considered generating a random string for each node upon creation, but there is still a risk of collision error (even if this probability is near-zero, it still exists and seems like a design flaw, if not a longwinded overengineered way of going about it anyway).","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1452,"Q_Id":30580929,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Pretty much both of your solutions are what is done in practice.\nYour first solution is to just increment a number will give you uniqueness, as long as you don't overflow (with python bigintegers this isnt really a problem). The disadvantage of this approach is if you start doing concurrency you have to make sure you use locking to prevent data races when increment and reading your external value.\nThe other approach where you generate a random number works well in the concurrency situation. The larger number of bits you use, the less likely it is you will run into a collision. In fact you can pretty much guarantee that you won't have collisions if you use say 128-bits for your id.\nAn approach you can use to further guarantee you don't have collisions, is to make your unique ids something like TIMESTAMP_HASHEDMACHINENAME_PROCESSID\/THREADID_UNIQUEID. Then pretty much can't have collisions unless you generate two of the same UNIQUEID on the same process\/thread within 1 second. MongoDB does something like this where they just increment the UNIQUEID. I am not sure what they do in the case of an overflow (which I assume doesn't happen too often in practice). One solution might be just to wait till the next second before generating more ids.\nThis is probably overkill for what you are trying to do, but it is a somewhat interesting problem indeed.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,class,tree,nodes","A_Id":30581078,"CreationDate":"2015-06-01T18:46:00.000","Title":"Giving unique IDs to all nodes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to write a script which consumes data over the internet and places the data which is pulled every n number of seconds in to a queue\/list, then I will have x number of threads which I will create at the start of the script that will pick up and process data as it is added to the queue. My questions are:\n\nHow can I create such a global variable (list\/queue) in my script that is then accessible to all my threads? \nIn my threads, I plan to check if the queue has data in it, if so then retrieve this data, release the lock and start processing it. Once the thread is finished working on the task, go back to the start and keep checking the queue. If there is no data in the queue, sleep for a specified number of time and then check the queue again.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1389,"Q_Id":30581807,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want your app to be really multithreaded then consider using standalone queue (like activemq or zeromq) and consume it from your scripts running in different os processes because of GIL (with standalone queue it is very easy even to use it in network - plus to scalability).","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":30582034,"CreationDate":"2015-06-01T19:36:00.000","Title":"Having a global queue (or list) that is available to all threads","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm currently trying to right a python script that overnight turns off all of our EC2 instances then in the morning my QA team can go to a webpage and press a button to turn the instances back on.\nI have written my python script that turns the severs off using boto.  I also have a function which when ran turns them back on.\nI have an html doc with buttons on it.\nI'm just struggling to work out how to get these buttons to call the function.  I'm using bottle rather than flask and I have no Java SCript experience.  So I would like t avoid Ajax if possible.  I dont mind if the whole page has to reload after the button is pressed.  After the single press the webpage isnt needed anyway.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":617,"Q_Id":30592411,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"What I have ended up doing to fix this issue is used bottle to make a url which completes the needed function.  Then just made an html button that links to the relevant url.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,boto,bottle","A_Id":30595791,"CreationDate":"2015-06-02T09:36:00.000","Title":"html buttons calling python functions using bottle","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've a python script in the network machine, I can open the network through \n   explorer and have access to the script. Through that script from network,I      want to create some folders\/files and write\/read some files in my localhost.         Is there a way to do this in python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2012,"Q_Id":30611649,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The good part is: you have read access on the script.\nWhat you need is a python installation on your local machine and preferably a drive letter mapping to the script's folder. If not already mapped, this can be scripted with net use <letter>: \\\\<remote host>\\<shared folder>.\nThen it's as easy as cd <letter>:\\<path>\\ ; python <script>.py.\nThen to the output of the script. Apparently it creates files. Can you supply the target folder on the script's command line? In that case just supply a local path.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":30611798,"CreationDate":"2015-06-03T05:39:00.000","Title":"How to run python from a network machine to local host?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have created a service login module by python. I want to limit login.  The login based on failed attempts per IP address might not work well and annoy the users connected to the Internet through a local network since they'll have same external IP address.\nIs there a way to uniquely identify such users?\nThanks a lot!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":103,"Q_Id":30638640,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't think there is a bulletproof solution, if the users are behind NAT.\nTo differentiate those users you would need the private IP address, which you can not get on the IP level. If the users are behind NAT, you can only see the public\/external IP which would be the same for all clients. You could try to \nget the private IP on the application level (client side), but that would be tricky (and also if the private address is obtained via DHCP, it can change between requests)\nThe other solution I can think of is identifying users via cookies. \nSo a HTTP response to each failed login request would contain a cookie which uniquely identifies that client. In that way you can differentiate users with the same IP. You would have to sign the cookie values to preserve their integrity. However, this does not help if the client deletes cookies after each failed request.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,authentication,ip","A_Id":30776062,"CreationDate":"2015-06-04T08:23:00.000","Title":"How to uniquely identify users with the same external IP address?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a proxy traffic server which is an extra hop on a network and is handling large quantity's of traffic.\nI would like to calculate the cost in seconds of how long it takes for the proxy server to handle the incoming request, process them and forward it on.\nI had been playing to write a python script to perform a tcpdump and some how time packets entering into the server until they had left.\nI would probably have to perform tcpdump for a certain period of time and then analysis it to calculate times?\nIs this a good way of achieving what I want or would there be a more elegant solution?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":57,"Q_Id":30647336,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I always found it easier to utilize a switch's 'port mirror' to copy all data in and out of the proxy's switchport to a separate port that connects to a dedicated capture box, which does the tcpdump work for you.\nIf your switch(es) have this capability, it reduces the load on the busy proxy. If they don't, then yes, tcpdump full packets to a file: \"tcpdump -i interface -s 0 -w \/path\/to\/file\".\nYou can then (on a different machine) throw together some code to examine and report on anything you want, or even open it in wireshark for detailed analysis.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,unix,networking,network-programming,server","A_Id":30647917,"CreationDate":"2015-06-04T14:57:00.000","Title":"Timing packets on a traffic server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"can someone point me in the right direction. Just need some documentation. I manually input a proxy, but I think it might be by passing it. I want to test my script to see if its actually going through my proxy with phantom. It looks like I successfully went through it, but still getting a few bug. Is there a way to print out the proxy its using in the command line?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":230,"Q_Id":30761095,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No. Nothing about this is documented and I see no indication of getting this information in the code.\nAs a workaround simply run Wireshark or tcpdump to capture the traffic and look into it to see where the requests go. It should be easy to see whether they go to the server or to the proxy server provided you know their IP addresses (or you can look into the dns query in Wireshark to see which IP address it is).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy,phantomjs","A_Id":30762932,"CreationDate":"2015-06-10T15:41:00.000","Title":"Using phantomjs print proxy it used to access website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on test automation for a hybrid mobile application on Android using Appium(python client library). I haven't been able to figure out any means to automate or create a gesture for using the Phone back button to go back to the previous page of the app. Is there any driver function that can be used? I tried my luck with self.driver.navigate().back() [hoping this would simulate the same behaviour as in Selenium to navigate to the previous URL] but to no avail. Can anyone suggest a way out?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25243,"Q_Id":30801879,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"I guess maybe it depends on what version of the client library are you using because in Java driver.navigate().back() works well.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"android,python,navigation,ui-automation,appium","A_Id":40546232,"CreationDate":"2015-06-12T11:25:00.000","Title":"How to automate the android phone back button using appium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on test automation for a hybrid mobile application on Android using Appium(python client library). I haven't been able to figure out any means to automate or create a gesture for using the Phone back button to go back to the previous page of the app. Is there any driver function that can be used? I tried my luck with self.driver.navigate().back() [hoping this would simulate the same behaviour as in Selenium to navigate to the previous URL] but to no avail. Can anyone suggest a way out?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":4,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25243,"Q_Id":30801879,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"Yes,try the driver.back(), it simulates the system back function.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"android,python,navigation,ui-automation,appium","A_Id":31707929,"CreationDate":"2015-06-12T11:25:00.000","Title":"How to automate the android phone back button using appium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on test automation for a hybrid mobile application on Android using Appium(python client library). I haven't been able to figure out any means to automate or create a gesture for using the Phone back button to go back to the previous page of the app. Is there any driver function that can be used? I tried my luck with self.driver.navigate().back() [hoping this would simulate the same behaviour as in Selenium to navigate to the previous URL] but to no avail. Can anyone suggest a way out?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25243,"Q_Id":30801879,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"driver.sendKeyEvent(AndroidKeyCode.BACK); \ndoes the job in Java","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"android,python,navigation,ui-automation,appium","A_Id":38353103,"CreationDate":"2015-06-12T11:25:00.000","Title":"How to automate the android phone back button using appium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working on test automation for a hybrid mobile application on Android using Appium(python client library). I haven't been able to figure out any means to automate or create a gesture for using the Phone back button to go back to the previous page of the app. Is there any driver function that can be used? I tried my luck with self.driver.navigate().back() [hoping this would simulate the same behaviour as in Selenium to navigate to the previous URL] but to no avail. Can anyone suggest a way out?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.024994793,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25243,"Q_Id":30801879,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For appium-python-client, to go back you should call this method:\ndriver.press_keycode(4)","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"android,python,navigation,ui-automation,appium","A_Id":50558943,"CreationDate":"2015-06-12T11:25:00.000","Title":"How to automate the android phone back button using appium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm creating a code to demonstrate how to consume a REST service in Python, but I don't want my API keys to be visible to people when I push my changes to GitHub. How can I hide such information?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2480,"Q_Id":30821218,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Considering storing this kind of data in a config file that isn't tracked by git.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,git,github","A_Id":30821244,"CreationDate":"2015-06-13T16:55:00.000","Title":"How can I hide sensitive data before commiting to GitHub (or any other Git repo)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've made a server (python, twisted) for my online game. Started with TCP, then later added constant updates with UDP (saw a big speed improvement). But now, I need to connect each UDP socket client with each TCP client. \nI'm doing this by having each client first connect to the TCP server, and getting a unique ID. Then the client sends this ID to the UDP server, connecting it also. I then have a main list of TCP clients (ordered by the unique ID).  \nMy goal is to be able to send messages to the same client over both TCP and UDP.\nWhat is the best way to link a UDP and TCP socket to the same client?\nCan I just take the IP address of a new TCP client, and send them data over UDP to that IP?  Or is it necessary for the client to connect twice, once for TCP and once for UDP (by sending a 'connect' message)?\nFinally, if anyone with knowledge of TCP\/UDP could tell me (i'm new!), will the same client have the same IP address when connecting over UDP vs TCP (from the same machine)? (I need to know this, to secure my server, but I don't want to accidentally block some fair users)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1578,"Q_Id":30875143,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Answering your last question: no. Because:\n\nIf client is behind NAT, and the gateway (with NAT) has more than one IP, every connection can be seen by you as connection from different IP. \nAnother problem is when few different clients that are behind the same NAT will connect with your server, you will have more than one pair of TCP-UDP clients. And it will be impossible to join correct pairs.\n\nYour method seems to be good solution for the problem.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,tcp,udp","A_Id":30875280,"CreationDate":"2015-06-16T18:15:00.000","Title":"UDP and TCP always use same IP for one client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've made a server (python, twisted) for my online game. Started with TCP, then later added constant updates with UDP (saw a big speed improvement). But now, I need to connect each UDP socket client with each TCP client. \nI'm doing this by having each client first connect to the TCP server, and getting a unique ID. Then the client sends this ID to the UDP server, connecting it also. I then have a main list of TCP clients (ordered by the unique ID).  \nMy goal is to be able to send messages to the same client over both TCP and UDP.\nWhat is the best way to link a UDP and TCP socket to the same client?\nCan I just take the IP address of a new TCP client, and send them data over UDP to that IP?  Or is it necessary for the client to connect twice, once for TCP and once for UDP (by sending a 'connect' message)?\nFinally, if anyone with knowledge of TCP\/UDP could tell me (i'm new!), will the same client have the same IP address when connecting over UDP vs TCP (from the same machine)? (I need to know this, to secure my server, but I don't want to accidentally block some fair users)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1578,"Q_Id":30875143,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"1- Can I just take the IP address of a new TCP client, and send them data over UDP to that IP? NO in the general case, but ...\n2- is it necessary for the client to connect twice, once for TCP and once for UDP ? NO, definitively\n3- will the same client have the same IP address when connecting over UDP vs TCP (from the same machine)? YES except in special cases\nYou really need some basic knowledge of the TCP, UDP and IP protocol to go further, and idealy, on the OSI model.\nBasics (but you should read articles on wikipedia to have a deeper understanding) :\n\nTCP and UDP are 2 protocol over IP\nIP is a routable protocol : it can pass through routers\nTCP is a connected protocol : it can pass through gateways or proxies (firewalls and NATs)\nUDP in a not connected protocol : it cannot pass through gateways\na single machine may have more than one network interface (hardware slot) : each will have different IP address\na single interface may have more than one IP address\nin the general case, client machines have only one network interface and one IP address - anyway you can require that a client presents same address to TCP and UDP when connecting to your server\nNetwork Address Translation is when there is a gateway between a local network and the wild internet that always presents its own IP address and keep track of TCP connections to send back packets to the correct client\n\nIn fact the most serious problem is if there is a gateway between the client and your server. While the client and the server are two (virtual) machines for which you have direct keyboard access, no problem, but corporate networks are generally protected by a firewall acting as a NAT, and many domestic ADSL routers also include a firewall and a NAT. In that case just forget UDP. It is possible to instruct a domestic router to pass all UDP traffic to a single local IP, but it is not necessarily an easy job. In addition, that means that if a user of yours has more than one machine at home, he will be allowed to use only one at a time and will have to reconfigure his router to switch to another one !","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,tcp,udp","A_Id":30876002,"CreationDate":"2015-06-16T18:15:00.000","Title":"UDP and TCP always use same IP for one client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've made a server (python, twisted) for my online game. Started with TCP, then later added constant updates with UDP (saw a big speed improvement). But now, I need to connect each UDP socket client with each TCP client. \nI'm doing this by having each client first connect to the TCP server, and getting a unique ID. Then the client sends this ID to the UDP server, connecting it also. I then have a main list of TCP clients (ordered by the unique ID).  \nMy goal is to be able to send messages to the same client over both TCP and UDP.\nWhat is the best way to link a UDP and TCP socket to the same client?\nCan I just take the IP address of a new TCP client, and send them data over UDP to that IP?  Or is it necessary for the client to connect twice, once for TCP and once for UDP (by sending a 'connect' message)?\nFinally, if anyone with knowledge of TCP\/UDP could tell me (i'm new!), will the same client have the same IP address when connecting over UDP vs TCP (from the same machine)? (I need to know this, to secure my server, but I don't want to accidentally block some fair users)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1578,"Q_Id":30875143,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"First of all when you send data with TCP or UDP you have to give the port.\nIf your client connect with TCP and after your server send a response with UDP the packet will be reject by the client.\nWhy? Because you have to register a port for connection and you can not be sure the port is correctly open on the client.\nSo when you begin a connection in TCP the client open a port to send data and receive the response. You have to make the same with UDP. When client begin all communication with server you can be sure all the necessary  port are open.\nDon't forget to send data on the port which the connection was open.\n\nCan I just take the IP address of a new TCP client, and send them data over UDP to that IP? Or is it necessary for the client to connect twice, once for TCP and once for UDP (by sending a 'connect' message)?\n\nWhy you don't want create 2 connections?\nYou have to use UDP for movement for example. because if you create an FPS you can send the player's position every 50ms so it's really important to use UDP.\nIt's not just a question of better connection. If you want to have a really good connection between client and server you need to use Async connection and use STREAM. But if you use stream you'r TCP socket do not signal the end of a socket but you have a better transmition. So you have to write something to show the packet end (for example <EOF>).\nBut you have a problem with this. Every socket you receive you have to analyze the data and split over the <EOF>. It can take a lot a processor.\nWith UDP the packet always have a end signal. But you need to implement a security check.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,tcp,udp","A_Id":32045545,"CreationDate":"2015-06-16T18:15:00.000","Title":"UDP and TCP always use same IP for one client?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was trying to implement a multiuser chat (group chat) with socket on python. \nIt basically works like this: Each messages that a user send is received by the server and the server sends it back to the rest of the users.\nThe problem is that if the server close the program, it crashes for everyone else. \nSo, how can you handle the departure of the server, should you change the server somehow, or there is other way around it?\nThank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":560,"Q_Id":30880392,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"could you make your server log for heartbeats? and also post heartbeats to the clients on the socket?\nif so, have a monitor check for the server heartbeats and restart the server application if the heartbeats exceed the threshold value. \nalso, check for heartbeats on the client and reestablish connection when you did not hear a heartbeat.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":30880515,"CreationDate":"2015-06-17T00:25:00.000","Title":"Creating Multi-user chat with sockets on python, how to handle the departure of the server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using PyQt4 to enter credentials into a domain login page and pull data from several additional pages in the domain. Everything works exactly as expected when supplying login or search credentials from within the code. When I open up raw_input to allow the user to enter information, it causes hang-ups trying to download one of the web-pages. I can't provide information on the page itself because it is on a corporate network, but it doesn't make sense that simply using raw_input would cause problems with QWebpage loads. \nThe QNetworkManager throws 1 of the expected 3 or 4 .finished signals and the QWebpage frame never throws the .loadfinished signal so it just hangs.\n(I've tried to flushing stdin as well as seek(0) which gives me a bad file descriptor error). Has anyone run into such a problem before?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":285,"Q_Id":30926097,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"raw_input uses synchronous\/blocking IO without giving Qt a chance to continue processing events in the background. Qt isn't really prepared for it's processing to be halted in this way. In theory it should just resume when raw_input is finished. But maybe in the meantime a timeout occurred or something like that. You really should use signal\/event based input when using Qt. \nIf GUI interaction is ok you should try QInputDialog::getText because it looks like a blocking call from the outside but internally lets Qt to continue processing background jobs.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,pyqt4,stdin,raw-input,qwebpage","A_Id":30926485,"CreationDate":"2015-06-18T21:27:00.000","Title":"Using raw_input causes problems with PyQt page loading","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My next project requires me to develop both a mobile and a website application. To avoid duplicating code, I'm thinking about creating an API that both of these applications would use. \nMy questions regarding this are:\n\nIs this approach sensible? \nAre there any frameworks to help me with this? \nHow would I handle authentication?\nDoes this have an affect on scalability?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":288,"Q_Id":30928370,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Actually I doesn't make great sense. From my experience I know that mobile apps and web pages even if use the same backend very often require completely different set of data, and - (I know premature optimization is the root of all evil) - number of calls should be minimized for mobile applications to make them running smoothly. I'd separate mobile API from classic REST API, even with prefixes, e.g. \/api\/m\/ and \/api\/.\nThere're really many frameworks in a number of technologies. E.g. spring, django-rest-framework, express.js. Whatever you like.\nToken authentication will be the best choice. For both web and mobile. For REST in general.\nIt shouldn't be a matter for you now.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,rest,authentication","A_Id":30932400,"CreationDate":"2015-06-19T01:12:00.000","Title":"Creating a centric REST API for a mobile and website application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm having problem on json output of scrapy. Crawler works good, cli output works without a problem. XML item exporter works without a problem and output is saved with correct encoding, text is not escaped.\n\nTried using pipelines and saving the items directly from there.\nUsing Feed Exporters and jsonencoder from json library\n\nThese won't work as my data includes sub branches.\nUnicode text in json output file is escaped like this:\n\"\\u00d6\\u011fretmen S\\u00fcleyman Yurtta\\u015f Cad.\"\nBut for xml output file it is correctly written:\n\"\u00d6\u011fretmen S\u00fcleyman Yurtta\u015f Cad.\"\nEven changed the scrapy source code to include ensure_ascii=False for ScrapyJSONEncoder, but no use.\nSo, is there any way to enforce scrapyjsonencoder to not escape while writing to file.\nEdit1: \nBtw, using Python 2.7.6 as scrapy does not support Python3.x\nThis is as standart scrapy crawler. A spider file, settings file and an items file. First the page list is crawled starting from base url then the content is scraped from those pages. Data pulled from the page is assigned to  variables defined in items.py of the scrapy project, encoded in utf-8. There's no problem with that, as everything works good on XML output. \nscrapy crawl --nolog --output=output.json -t json spidername\nXml output works without a problem with this command:\nscrapy crawl --nolog --output=output.xml -t xml spidername\nI have tried editing scrapy\/contrib\/exporter\/init.py and scrapy\/utils\/serialize.py to insert ensure_ascii=False parameter to json.JSONencoder.\nEdit2:\nTried debugging again.There's no problem up to  Python2.7\/json\/encoder.py code. Data is intact and not escaped. After that, it gets hard to debug as the scrapy works async and there are lots of callbacks.\nEdit3:\nA bit of dirty hack, but after editing Python2.7.6\/lib\/json\/encoder.py and changing ensure_ascii parameter to False, the problem seems to be solved.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2012,"Q_Id":30948736,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As I don't have your code to test, Can you try to use codecs\nTry:\n\n    import codecs\n    f = codecs.open('yourfilename', 'your_mode', 'utf-8')\n    f.write('whatever you want to write')\n    f.close()","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,json,unicode,utf-8,scrapy","A_Id":30964853,"CreationDate":"2015-06-19T23:34:00.000","Title":"Unicode on Scrapy Json output","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am doing some research of spam detection on Twitter where my program is dynamic enough which can built a tree of datastructure of metadata of user and his tweets just taking a parameter as Screen_name or Twitter id but collecting legitimate user name and spammer name is a manual task. (If there is any other  way please suggest me.)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":31005233,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use of Stream API could help you. You can collect the real time information there and using some clustering algorithms and data mining techniques can solve it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":31005344,"CreationDate":"2015-06-23T14:13:00.000","Title":"Is there any way to get current legitimate user list from Twitter in 5000 to 10000","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to python. I want to read JSON data from URL and if there is any change in JSON data on server, I want to update in my JSON file which is on client. How can I do that through python?\nActually i am ploting graph on django using JSON data which is on another server. That JSON data is updated frequently. So here i want to update my charts based on updated json data. For that i has to listen to URL link for change. So how can i do that.....i know with select() system call i can but need some another way","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":190,"Q_Id":31024852,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There's no way to \"listen\" for changes other than repeatedly requesting that URL to check if something has changed; i.e. classic \"pull updates\". To get actual live notifications of changes, that other server needs to offer a way to push such a notification to you. If it's just hosting the file and is not offering any active notifications of any sort, then repeatedly asking is the best you can do. Try not to kill the server when doing so.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":31025251,"CreationDate":"2015-06-24T11:04:00.000","Title":"Asynchronous way to listen web service for data change","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im using tweepy to search for a keyword in all tweets in the last 5 minutes. But I couldn't find a way to do this. I saw the since_id and max_id arguments, but they only work if I know the tweet_id before 5 minutes.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3078,"Q_Id":31028239,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no specific GETfeature that would allow that.\nWhat you'll need to do is create a search for that keyword and Get search\/tweets and use the since_id and max_id like you have and look at time_created_at from the JSON and filter yet again using that. \nThe problem with the previous step is that you're limited to 180 tweets \/15 minutes. Another solution is to use the streaming API since it'll give you recent information most are within 5 minutes and you'll be able to filter by keywords as well.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,json,tweepy","A_Id":31028615,"CreationDate":"2015-06-24T13:40:00.000","Title":"Using tweepy: how to retrieve all tweets within past 5 minutes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to do a unit test on a html page which is returned as a byte string in an HttpResponse object... e.g. \"find_elements_by_tag_name\".  Is the solution simply to xml.dom.minidom.parseString the bytes of response.content?  \nI couldn't find any examples of people doing this online or in Django manuals or tutorials, which makes me wonder if there's a reason for not doing it this way?  If it's bad practice and there's a better way to do this please can you say why and what?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":627,"Q_Id":31035318,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes that's a way to parse HTML into a DOM tree. If other people don't do that, they might have other requirements. \nIn general your idea is not bad, it might require more CPU time then other testing method (for example regular expressions. But if it fits your needs for testing, just do it. Performance it rarely a problem at testing time.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,httpresponse","A_Id":31035689,"CreationDate":"2015-06-24T19:27:00.000","Title":"Django get a DOM object from an HttpResponse","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I prepare some test suites for an e-commerce web site, so i use Selenium2Library which requires a running browser on a display. I am able to run these test on my local machine but i had to run them on remote server which does not have an actual display. I tried to use xvfb to create a virtual display but it did not worked, tried all solutions on some answers here but nothing changed.\nSo i saw pyvirtualdisplay library of Python but it seems like helpful with tests written in Python. I'd like to know that if I am able to run test suites that i wrote in robotframework (which are .txt formatted and could be runnned via pybot) via Python so i can use pyvirtualdisplay?\nSorry about my English, thanks for your answers...","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2600,"Q_Id":31045708,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes there is with Xvfb installed.\nIn very short:\n\/usr\/bin\/Xvfb :0 -screen 0 1024x768x24&\nexport DISPLAY=:0\nrobot your_selenium_test","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,robotframework,xvfb","A_Id":36692169,"CreationDate":"2015-06-25T08:59:00.000","Title":"Is there anyway to run robot framework tests without a display?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I just started using tweepy library to connect with streaming api of twitter. I encountered both on_status() and on_data() methods of the StreamListener class. What is the difference? Total noob here!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7894,"Q_Id":31054656,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"If you're only concerned with tweets, use on_status(). This will give you what you needed without the added information and doing so will not hinder your limit.\nIf you want detailed information use on_data(). --That's rarely the case unless you're doing heavy analysis.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":31058208,"CreationDate":"2015-06-25T15:30:00.000","Title":"What is the difference between on_data and on_status in the tweepy library?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an iOS app that is send a POST request to my server and then it runs a function and returns some data back to the app.\nMy question is if my app has lets say 100 people using it at the same time and make the POST request in quick succession, is this going to case an error? \nI am on a shared server if that matters.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1192,"Q_Id":31066456,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No it should not cause an error, you are requesting the server with an HTTP method(POST) which serves every request from a new user as a new request because HTTP is a stateless protocol it doesn't save user states(unless you are managing user sessions explicitly)\nSo if 100 users are requesting at the same time, they are different, each request is different and same will be the response(different) for each user.\nAnd as others said, its completely dependent on the server how it handles the request.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"php,python,ios,server,backend","A_Id":31067192,"CreationDate":"2015-06-26T06:33:00.000","Title":"Send multiple POST requests a once","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a Java application that needs to run the proprietary software PowerWorld on the server and then return output to the client side Web Start window. Is this possible? How do I go about doing this?\nI am using Apache Tomcat to run the server. My Java code uses Runtime.exec() to run a Python script that runs PowerWorld. I made sure that the python script, powerworld file and java app are all in the same directory and reference each other using relative file paths","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":94,"Q_Id":31112366,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Java WebStart will install a desktop application into the cache of the client. That will run on the client not on the server, however you can easily create a webapplication as a service, i.e. on Tomcat. The webapp will be able to receive client requests, i.e. via RMI, RESTfull service or webservice, call the proprietary programm and return the results.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,tomcat,java-web-start","A_Id":31113115,"CreationDate":"2015-06-29T09:37:00.000","Title":"Can Java Web Start be used to run server-side programs?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to create an api that various clients can connect to it like Web, Mobile platforms etc. My problem is that sometimes things are different with each client. For example i use different method for authentication for Web and Mobile platforms and my question is: \n\nI have to create different files for each type of client or use if\n  else statements to detect client type and do proper functions in the\n  same class?\n\nI want to create clean and standard API. I know this can have a lots of answers and its a broad question, But i just have a clue in this.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":71,"Q_Id":31129801,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is definitely not 'the one and only' way to create an API.\nHowever, checking the type of client is definitely not the way to go, as it would mean checking headers, which can be forged when sending the request.\nFor authentication, if you want to use different methods, your best bet is probably to have different authentication strategies, and try them one after the other. If the first fail, you run the next, etc.\nA common way to implement this is to add an authentication middleware, which tries each available strategy to authenticate the client, and stops the request if it could not.\nThis does mean that even if you want your strategy A to work only for the browser, it could also be used to login from a mobile app, but there is no way to prevent this, and anyway it should not lead to any security issue either. If it does, the issue is probably somewhere else.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,php,python,node.js,api","A_Id":31129923,"CreationDate":"2015-06-30T04:50:00.000","Title":"Creating clean and standard API with different type of clients","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to catch a packet my computer is sending, modify it and send it. I can't use sniff, because it gives me a copy of the packet. The packet itself is sent.\nI want to stop the sending of the packet, change it and then send it forward - MitM attack.\nHow can I do it using scapy?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1594,"Q_Id":31137204,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"What you need sounds more like a proxy. What kind of protocol you try to inject into? If it was HTTP it would be easy - take any HTTP proxy and mitm away.\nOr you can use something like socksify, but I am not aware of anything working on Windows. Or you need something that works as a network driver.\nYou cannot easily achieve this with scapy if packets originate from YOUR computer. Example with scapy-arp-mitm is performing mitm on other computer communication.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,scapy,man-in-the-middle","A_Id":31139789,"CreationDate":"2015-06-30T11:37:00.000","Title":"Python - Man in the Middle","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I installed Selenium on my system using 'pip install selenium' and it works great on Mac Console. But when I tried using selenium in my project on Pycharm, I got an error that No module named Selenium exists. What am I doing wrong?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5003,"Q_Id":31173867,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Maybe you use python 2.x and 3.x on your computer and you configured in pycharm other then the one you use in console? If it is so then pip could install selenium to python 2.x and in pycharm you are using 3.x or the other way round.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,pycharm","A_Id":31180054,"CreationDate":"2015-07-02T00:39:00.000","Title":"Selenium not working on Pycharm","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I installed Selenium on my system using 'pip install selenium' and it works great on Mac Console. But when I tried using selenium in my project on Pycharm, I got an error that No module named Selenium exists. What am I doing wrong?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5003,"Q_Id":31173867,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"So I found what I was doing wrong. My Mac Terminal and Pycharm were using different Python that I installed on my system, so I changed the path on Pycharm interpreter to the local path where Selenium was installed.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,pycharm","A_Id":31191965,"CreationDate":"2015-07-02T00:39:00.000","Title":"Selenium not working on Pycharm","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to import the \"requests\" library into my Kivy application. How do I go about that? Simply giving import requests is not working out.\nEdit:\nI'm using Kivy on Mac OS X, 10.10.3.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1389,"Q_Id":31182671,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you're using windows with kivy's portable package, I think you can get a shell with kivy's env by running the kivy executable. Assuming so, I think you can run pip install requests in this shell to install it to kivy's environment.\nEdit: I see you've now noted you are using OS X, but something similar may be true. I don't know about this though.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,kivy","A_Id":31183217,"CreationDate":"2015-07-02T10:57:00.000","Title":"Importing libraries in Kivy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Well, the title says it all... It is possible to perform an XmlHttpRequest from Selenium\/Webdriver and then render the output of that requests in a browser instance ? If so, can you enlight me please ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1233,"Q_Id":31212059,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Selenium is really designed to be an external control system for a web browser.  I don't think of it as being the source of test data, itself.  There are other unit-testing frameworks which are designed for this purpose, but I see Selenium's intended purpose to be different.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,automation,webdriver","A_Id":31212344,"CreationDate":"2015-07-03T17:46:00.000","Title":"It's possible to do an XHR call and render the output with Selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am new to Python, so maybe this is a easy question, but I am planning to do an REST API application but I need it to be very fast and allow concurrent queries. Is there a way to do a application Python that allows concurrent execution and each execution responds to an REST API?\nI don't know if threads are a way to go in this case? I know threading is not the same as concurrency, but maybe are a solution for this case.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1626,"Q_Id":31244471,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you use a WSGI compliant framework (or even just plain WSGI as the \"framework\") then concurrency is handled by the wsgi \"container\" (apache + mod_wsgi, nginx+gunicorn, whatever) either as threads, processes or a mix of both. All you have to do is write your code so it does support concurrency (ie : no mutable global state etc).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,rest,concurrency","A_Id":31245355,"CreationDate":"2015-07-06T11:17:00.000","Title":"Python concurrent REST API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to get stock data from Yahoo! Finance. I have it installed (c:\\ pip install yahoo-finance), but the import in the iPython console is not working. This is the error I get: UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x83 in position 4: invalid start byte.\nI am using Python 3.4 and Spyder 2.3.1.\nHas anyone else encountered this?\nUpdate:\nThe unicode error during import is no longer, but now it is replaced with the following when trying to use the yahoo_finance tool...  \nImportError: html5lib not found, please install it\nHowever, html5lib is listed when I run help('modules').","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1702,"Q_Id":31277368,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I had the same error about html5lib with Python 3.4 in PyCharm 4.5.3, even though I installed html5lib. When I restarted PyCharm console (where I run the code), the error disappeared and options loaded correctly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pandas,scrape,yahoo-finance","A_Id":32193407,"CreationDate":"2015-07-07T19:12:00.000","Title":"Import Error related to Yahoo Finance tool \/ html5lib install","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I created a packet sniffer using the pypcap Python library (in Linux). Using the .stats() method of the pypcap library, I see that from time to time few packets get dropped by the Kernel when the network is busy. Is it possible to increase the buffer size for the pypcap object so that less packets get dropped (like it is possible in tcpdump?).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":840,"Q_Id":31289288,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I studied the source code of pypcap and as far as I could see there was no way to set the buffer size from it. \nBecause pypcap is using the libpcap library, I changed the default buffer size in the source code of libpcap and reinstalled it from source. That solved the problem as it seems.\nTcpdump sets the buffer size by calling the set_buffer_size() method of libpcap, but it seems that pypcap cannot do that.\nEdit: The buffer size variable is located in the pcap-linux.c file, and the name is opt.buffer_size. I is 2MB by default (2*1024*1024 in source code)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,packet,sniffer","A_Id":31293136,"CreationDate":"2015-07-08T09:59:00.000","Title":"How to set buffer size in pypcap","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Twisted client\/server application where a client asks multiple servers for additional work to be done using AMP. The first server to respond to the client wins -- the other outstanding client requests should be cancelled.\nDeferred objects support cancel() and a cancellor function may be passed to the Deferred's constructor. However, AMP's sendRemote() api doesn't support passing a cancellor function. Additionally, I'd want the cancellor function to not only stop the local request from processing upon completion but also remove the request from the remote server.\nAMP's BoxDispatcher does have a stopReceivingBoxes method, but that causes all deferreds to error out (not quite what I want).\nIs there a way to cancel AMP requests?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":186,"Q_Id":31304788,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No.  There is no way, presently, to cancel an AMP request.\nYou can't cancel AMP requests because there is no way defined in AMP at the wire-protocol level to send a message to the remote server telling it to stop processing.  This would be an interesting feature-addition for AMP, but if it were to be added, you would not add it by allowing users to pass in their own cancellers; rather, AMP itself would have to create a cancellation function that sent a \"cancel\" command.\nFinally, adding this feature would have to be done very carefully because once a request is sent, there's no guarantee that it would not have been fully processed; chances are usually good that by the time the cancellation request is received and processed by the remote end, the remote end has already finished processing and sent a reply.  So AMP should implement asynchronous cancellation.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twisted,deferred,asynchronous-messaging-protocol","A_Id":31305323,"CreationDate":"2015-07-08T22:15:00.000","Title":"How should a Twisted AMP Deferred be cancelled?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a program that opens an html form in a browser window.  From there, I need to get the data entered in the form and use it in python code.  This has to be done completely locally.  I do not have access to a webserver or I would be using PHP.  I have plenty of experience with Python but not as much experience with JavaScript and no experience with AJAX.  Please help!  If you need any more information to answer the question, just ask. All answers are greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":78,"Q_Id":31307147,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The browsers security model prevents sending data to local processes. Your options are:\n\nWrite a browser extension that calls a python script.\nRun a local webserver. Most Python web development frameworks have a simple one included.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,forms,local","A_Id":31307321,"CreationDate":"2015-07-09T02:35:00.000","Title":"Sending data from JavaScript to Python LOCALLY","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My server time is set as Asia\/India. So when ever I am trying to post an image in S3 bucket I am getting the following error\nRequestTimeTooSkewedThe difference between the request time and the current time is too large.Thu, 09 Jul 2015 17:53:21 GMT2015-07-09T08:23:22Z90000068B8486508D2695Ag6EfiNV8uJi8JY\/Y2JWCIBi7fROEa\/Uw2Yaw3fw3pfAbI+ZtaFZV7PnHhZ6Yxw07\nHow can I change the AWS S3 bucket time as IST?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":8668,"Q_Id":31312292,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"This has nothing to do with timezone of machine or S3 bucket, your machine time is not correct and if machine time is off by more than 15 minutes, AWS will give error because of security. Just check if time is correct on machine.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":31314635,"CreationDate":"2015-07-09T08:37:00.000","Title":"How to change amazon aws S3 time zone setting for a bucket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using jira-python to automate a bunch of tasks in Jira. One thing that I find weird is that jira-python takes a long time to run. It seems like it's loading or something before sending the requests. I'm new to python, so I'm a little confused as to what's actually going on. Before finding jira-python, I was sending requests to the Jira REST API using the requests library, and it was blazing fast (and still is, if I compare the two). Whenever I run the scripts that use jira-python, there's a good 15 second delay while 'loading' the library, and sometimes also a good 10-15 second delay sending each request. \nIs there something I'm missing with python that could be causing this issue? Anyway to keep a python script running as a service so it doesn't need to 'load'  the library each time it's ran?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":923,"Q_Id":31321872,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"@ThePavoIC, you seem to be correct. I notice MASSIVE changes in speed if Jira has been restarted and re-indexed recently. Scripts that would take a couple minutes to run would complete in seconds. Basically, you need to make sure Jira is tuned for performance and keep your indexes up to date.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,jira-rest-api","A_Id":31656989,"CreationDate":"2015-07-09T15:26:00.000","Title":"Jira python runs very slowly, any ideas on why?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an SQS queue that is constantly being populated by a data consumer and I am now trying to create the service that will pull this data from SQS using Python's boto.\nThe way I designed it is that I will have 10-20 threads all trying to read messages from the SQS queue and then doing what they have to do on the data (business logic), before going back to the queue to get the next batch of data once they're done. If there's no data they will just wait until some data is available. \nI have two areas I'm not sure about with this design\n\nIs it a matter of calling receive_message() with a long time_out value and if nothing is returned in the 20 seconds (maximum allowed) then just retry? Or is there a blocking method that returns only once data is available? \nI noticed that once I receive a message, it is not deleted from the queue, do I have to receive a message and then send another request after receiving it to delete it from the queue? seems like a little bit of an overkill.\n\nThanks","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":19484,"Q_Id":31321996,"Users Score":25,"Answer":"The long-polling capability of the receive_message() method is the most efficient way to poll SQS.  If that returns without any messages, I would recommend a short delay before retrying, especially if you have multiple readers.  You may want to even do an incremental delay so that each subsequent empty read waits a bit longer, just so you don't end up getting throttled by AWS.\nAnd yes, you do have to delete the message after you have read or it will reappear in the queue.  This can actually be very useful in the case of a worker reading a message and then failing before it can fully process the message.  In that case, it would be re-queued and read by another worker.  You also want to make sure the invisibility timeout of the messages is set to be long enough the the worker has enough time to process the message before it automatically reappears on the queue.  If necessary, your workers can adjust the timeout as they are processing if it is taking longer than expected.","Q_Score":25,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto,amazon-sqs","A_Id":31322766,"CreationDate":"2015-07-09T15:31:00.000","Title":"Best practice for polling an AWS SQS queue and deleting received messages from queue?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using requests to communicate with remote server over https. At the moment I'm not verifying SSL certificate and I'd like to fix that.\nWithin requests documentation, I've found that:\n\nYou can pass verify the path to a CA_BUNDLE file with certificates of\n  trusted CAs. This list of trusted CAs can also be specified through\n  the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE environment variable.\n\nI don't want to use system's certs, but to generate my own store.\nSo far I'm grabbing server certificate with ssl.get_server_certificate(addr), but I don't know how to create my own store and add it there.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5838,"Q_Id":31369633,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This is actually trivial... CA_BUNDLE can be any file that you append certificates to, so you can simply append the output of ssl.get_server_certificate() to that file and it works.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ssl,https,python-requests,client-certificates","A_Id":31370879,"CreationDate":"2015-07-12T15:49:00.000","Title":"Adding server certificates to CA_BUNDLE in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can someone let me know \n1. How to write selenium webdriver code in python for reading the data from CSV files and input them into fields of application under test and print the results into CSV file after execution.\n2. I have written capture screenshot for every statement to get the screenshots.\nIs there any that we can capture screenshots in a single go, like using any loop statements etc..If yes, then can you post the code\nThanks for your time and response is appreciated....","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":629,"Q_Id":31391729,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Selenium tests in Python are just python code. You can use the CSV module and  a normal loop to carry out these actions on the page, and receive the values from the new DOM. \nYou can use loops just like normal Python to capture the screenshots, but no I'm not going to write the code for ya.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,csv,selenium,screenshot","A_Id":31391856,"CreationDate":"2015-07-13T19:22:00.000","Title":"Selenium webdriver code for reading\/Writing data from CSV in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have set up an Import.io bulk extract that works great with say, 50 URLs. It literally zips through all of them in seconds. However, when I try to do an extract of 40,000 URLs, the extractor starts very fast for the first thousand or so, and then progressively keeps getting slower every incremental URL. By 5,000 it literally is taking about 4-5 seconds per URL.\nOne solution that seems to work is breaking them into chunks of 1,000 URLs at a time and doing a separate bulk extract for each. However, this is very time consuming, and requires splicing back together all of the data at the end.\nHas anyone experienced this, and if so do they have a more elegant solution?\nThanks,\nMike","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":155,"Q_Id":31396712,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"One slightly less elegant solution would be to create a crawler. And before you run it insert the the 10k URLs in the \"where to start crawling\" box.\nUnder advanced options set the crawl depth to zero, that way you will only get the pages you put in the where to start crawling input box.\nThat should do the trick. Plus the cawler has a bunch of other options like wait between pages and concurrent pages etc.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,import.io","A_Id":31427417,"CreationDate":"2015-07-14T02:36:00.000","Title":"Import.io bulk extract slows down when more URLs are in list","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have set up an Import.io bulk extract that works great with say, 50 URLs. It literally zips through all of them in seconds. However, when I try to do an extract of 40,000 URLs, the extractor starts very fast for the first thousand or so, and then progressively keeps getting slower every incremental URL. By 5,000 it literally is taking about 4-5 seconds per URL.\nOne solution that seems to work is breaking them into chunks of 1,000 URLs at a time and doing a separate bulk extract for each. However, this is very time consuming, and requires splicing back together all of the data at the end.\nHas anyone experienced this, and if so do they have a more elegant solution?\nThanks,\nMike","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":155,"Q_Id":31396712,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Mike, would you mind trying again?\nWe have worked on the Bulk Extract, now it should be slightly slower at the beginning, but more constant\nPossibly 40k are still too many, in which case you may try to split, but I did run 5k+ in a single run\nLet me know how it goes!","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,import.io","A_Id":32215417,"CreationDate":"2015-07-14T02:36:00.000","Title":"Import.io bulk extract slows down when more URLs are in list","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"is there any way to constantly \"listen\" to a website and run some code when it updates?\ni'm working on earthquake data, specifically, parsing earthquake data from a site that updates and lists earthquake details in real time.\nso far, my only (and clunky) solution has been to use task scheduler to run every 30 minutes, which of course would have a time difference of 1-29 minutes depending on when the event will happen between the 30 minute downtime between running the code.\ni also thought of using some twitter API, since the site also has an automated twitter account tweeting details every time an earthquake happens, but again this would require constantly \"listening\" to the twitter stream via python as well.\nwould appreciate help, thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":381,"Q_Id":31412919,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"is there any way to constantly \"listen\" to a website and run some code when it updates?\n\nIf the site offers a feed or stream of updates, use it.\nHowever, if you are looking to scrape a page and trigger code on differences, then you need to poll the site like you are doing (clumsily) with TaskScheduler.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,twitter","A_Id":31413075,"CreationDate":"2015-07-14T17:01:00.000","Title":"constantly \"listen\" to website using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In case sentry sends lots of similar messages, is there a way to stop it?\nWe have a lot of clients and the sentry messages are basically all the same so sentry spams me.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1004,"Q_Id":31423456,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're talking about notifications you can disable them per-account or entirely on a project via the integration.\nThat said if all the messages are the same you should look into why they're not grouping. A common case would be you're using a logging integration and there's a variable in the log message itself.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sentry","A_Id":31424387,"CreationDate":"2015-07-15T06:56:00.000","Title":"Stop sentry from sending messages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When creating an AWS security group rule for ICMP using Boto, I received the following error.  I was specifying the port range as 0 to 65535, which is the way to specify all ports for TCP.\n\nICMP code (65535) out of range (InvalidParameterValue)\n\nHow do I address this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.6640367703,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":840,"Q_Id":31464223,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"ICMP does not have ports in the protocol, unlike TCP.  So when making the Boto call, use -1 for the source and destination ports to avoid the above error.  AWS considers -1 to be All.  Using 0 is also valid, however I haven't verified that it allows all traffic.  It should, given that ICMP has no ports in the protocol.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto","A_Id":31464224,"CreationDate":"2015-07-16T20:47:00.000","Title":"Python Boto: ICMP code (65535) out of range (InvalidParameterValue)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Please bear with me as I have been reading and trying to understand HTTP and the different requests available in its protocol but there are still a few loose connections here and there.\nSpecifically, I have been using Apache's HttpClient to send requests, but I'm unsure of a few things. When we make a request to a URI, how can we know before hand how to properly format say a PUT request? You might be trying to transmit data to fill out a form, or send an image, etc. How would you know if the server is capable of receiving that format of request?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":25,"Q_Id":31466493,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you try to PUT without any knowledge of the server this request will \"fail\" (or not - depends on the implementation e.g. it can redirect you to main page). \nFailure is indicated by the server response code along with headers. E.g. 405 Method Not Allowed or 400 bad request etc. Or redirect you to main page: 302 Found\nYou, as a client, must adapt to the server's API.\nMoreover different requests to the same API may give you different specs e.g.\nOne response is gzipped & with ETag & cached, the other one is not.\nOr plain GET \/ will give you HTML and GET \/?format=json will give you JSON.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,http,post,httpclient,python-requests","A_Id":31466587,"CreationDate":"2015-07-17T00:02:00.000","Title":"How to determine how to format an HTTP request to some server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My Oauth2Callback handler is able to access the Google API data I want - I want to know the best way to get this data to my other handler so it can use the data I've acquired.  \nI figure I can add it to the datastore, or also perform redirect with the data.  Is there a \"best way\" of doing this?  For a redirect is there a better way than adding it to query string?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":37,"Q_Id":31496583,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think I found a better way of doing it, I just use the oauth callback to redirect only with no data, and then on the redirect handler I access the API data.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,google-app-engine,oauth-2.0","A_Id":31496649,"CreationDate":"2015-07-18T23:34:00.000","Title":"How do I redirect and pass my Google API data after handling it in my Oauth2callback handler on Google App Engine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing a python script that imports ssl library. I need to create ssl socket. However, I find that I will need to use a modified version of openssl library. The author of the modified version told me that the underlying implementation of ssl module is using the openssl library. The author provided me with a file named ssllib.c. I searched the folder of the openssl library that I installed: openssl-0.9.8k_X64 but I could not find any ssl_lib.c file. Also, the author referring to openssl by openssl-1.0.1e which is another version than mine. \nMy question: How can I compile my python script with a modified version of openssl? Please, consider that I am using Windows x64 system and Python 2.7.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":131,"Q_Id":31530442,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You'll need to install the modified OpenSSL.\nPython merely has bindings, which will then call the functions in the compiled OpenSSL libraries.\nIf the modified OpenSSL library is installed and in your path completely replacing the original OpenSSL library, then Python will \"use\" it.\nThis assumes that the modified library is in fact compatible with the original OpenSSL.\nOn a side-note, using modified cryptographic libraries is a terrible idea from a security perspective.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,ssl,openssl","A_Id":31530967,"CreationDate":"2015-07-21T04:33:00.000","Title":"How can I use a modified openssl library (written in C) in my python code?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I use websocket establish connect 10000 clients to the server. But when some of the clients disconnect the conn, the server could not find this situation and still keep this conn.So when clients conn to server again,a new conn established and the number of conn in the server become such a large num.If i dont restart the server, the conn num will still imcrease...","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":31553081,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your server websockets have callbacks for error as well as close. Are you monitoring both?\nSockets do not have to tell the other end. Naturally because you can close a browser window and the server will never know. When you open them you can set a time-out that will cause the socket to close if it doesn't see activity in that time.\nYou could also 'ping' the connections to force and error\/close if they disconnect.\nLastly you could have a session GUID that both the client and browser know about (cookie or localStorage). If a client reconnects and the GUID shows an active connection on the server you can close that connection before opening a fresh one.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,websocket,apache-kafka","A_Id":31553699,"CreationDate":"2015-07-22T02:55:00.000","Title":"when using Websocket establish connections, sometimes clients free the conn,but the server didnt","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am getting the following exception while trying to install using pip:\nRetrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'ProtocolError('Connection aborted.', error(111, 'Connection refused'))': \/simple\/<package>\/\nWhere does pip install the packages from?\nHow do I proxy or use alternate internal site to get these packages?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":21181,"Q_Id":31559638,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is what worked for me:\n\nunset all_proxy (optional in case none are set)\npip install 'requests[socks]' inside the venv","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,pip,pypi","A_Id":51655921,"CreationDate":"2015-07-22T09:49:00.000","Title":"pip install and custom index url","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically I have a regex rule for following pages\nEach page has 50 links\nWhen i hit a link that is too old (based on a pre-defined date-time)\nI want to tell scrapy to stop following more pages, but NOT stop it entirely, it must continue to scrape the links it has already decided to scrape -> (complete all Request objects created). JUST that it must NOT follow any more links. So the program will eventually grind to a stop (when it's done scraping all the links)\nIs there any way i can do this inside the spider?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":433,"Q_Id":31565422,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Scrapy's CrawlSpider has an internal _follow_links member variable which is not yet documented (experimental as for now)\nsetting self._follow_links = False will tell scrapy to stop following more links. But continue to finish up all the Request objects it has already created","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":31590603,"CreationDate":"2015-07-22T14:03:00.000","Title":"How to tell scrapy crawler to STOP following more links dynamically?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way in Selenium web driver (python, Firefox) to check that the current window is in private mode(private window so the cookies won't be cached) or it is just a normal window?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":452,"Q_Id":31576343,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Selenium actually already runs private mode by default. Every time you start any driver via Selenium it creates a brand new anonymous profile. This of course if you haven't specified an already created profile.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,firefox,selenium","A_Id":31576491,"CreationDate":"2015-07-23T00:40:00.000","Title":"Selenium: Check if the current window is a private window or normal window?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using python 2.7, I need to convert the following curl command to execute in python. \ncurl -b \/tmp\/admin.cookie --cacert \/some\/cert\/location\/serverapache.crt --header \"X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest\" --request POST  \"https:\/\/www.test.com\"\nI am relatively new to Python and are not sure how to use the urllib library or if I should use the requests library.  The curl options are especially tricky for me to convert. Any help will be appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":205,"Q_Id":31582012,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Can you stay under command line ? \nIf yes, try the python lib nammed \"pexpect\". It's pretty useful, and let you run commands like on a terminal, from a python program, and interact with the terminal !","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,curl","A_Id":31584263,"CreationDate":"2015-07-23T08:28:00.000","Title":"curl and curl options to python conversion","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking to backup a subreddit to disk. So far, it doesn't seem to be easily possible with the way that the Reddit API works. My best bet at getting a single JSON tree with all comments (and nested comments) would seem to be storing them inside of a database and doing a pretty ridiculous recursive query to generate the JSON.\nIs there a Reddit API method which will give me a tree containing all comments on a given post in the expected order?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":429,"Q_Id":31600249,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The number of comments you get from the API has a hard limit, for performance reasons; to ensure you're getting all comments, you have to parse through the child nodes and make additional calls as necessary.\nBe aware that the subreddit listing will only include the latest 1000 posts, so if your target subreddit has more than that, you probably won't be able to obtain a full backup anyways.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,json,reddit","A_Id":31689325,"CreationDate":"2015-07-24T00:23:00.000","Title":"Get a JSON tree of all comments of a post?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I opened python code from github.  I assumed it was python2.x and got the above error when I tried to run it.  From the reading I've seen Python 3 has depreciated urllib itself and replaced it with a number of libraries including urllib.request. \nIt looks like the code was written in python 3 (a confirmation from someone who knows would be appreciated.)\nAt this point I don't want to move to Python 3 - I haven't researched what it would do to my existing code.  \nThinking there should be a urllib module for Python 2,  I searched Google (using \"python2 urllib download\") and did not find one. (It might have been hidden in the many answers since urllib includes downloading functionality.) I looked in my Python27\/lib directory and didn't see it there.\nCan I get a version of this module that runs on Python27?  Where and how?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1418931938,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108467,"Q_Id":31601238,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Change\nfrom urllib.request import urlopen \nto\nfrom urllib import urlopen\nI was able to solve this problem by changing like this. For Python2.7 in macOS10.14","Q_Score":22,"Tags":"python,urllib","A_Id":54285222,"CreationDate":"2015-07-24T02:28:00.000","Title":"Python 2.7.10 error \"from urllib.request import urlopen\" no module named request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I opened python code from github.  I assumed it was python2.x and got the above error when I tried to run it.  From the reading I've seen Python 3 has depreciated urllib itself and replaced it with a number of libraries including urllib.request. \nIt looks like the code was written in python 3 (a confirmation from someone who knows would be appreciated.)\nAt this point I don't want to move to Python 3 - I haven't researched what it would do to my existing code.  \nThinking there should be a urllib module for Python 2,  I searched Google (using \"python2 urllib download\") and did not find one. (It might have been hidden in the many answers since urllib includes downloading functionality.) I looked in my Python27\/lib directory and didn't see it there.\nCan I get a version of this module that runs on Python27?  Where and how?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108467,"Q_Id":31601238,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For now, it seems that I could get over that by adding a ? after the URL.","Q_Score":22,"Tags":"python,urllib","A_Id":37034337,"CreationDate":"2015-07-24T02:28:00.000","Title":"Python 2.7.10 error \"from urllib.request import urlopen\" no module named request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I opened python code from github.  I assumed it was python2.x and got the above error when I tried to run it.  From the reading I've seen Python 3 has depreciated urllib itself and replaced it with a number of libraries including urllib.request. \nIt looks like the code was written in python 3 (a confirmation from someone who knows would be appreciated.)\nAt this point I don't want to move to Python 3 - I haven't researched what it would do to my existing code.  \nThinking there should be a urllib module for Python 2,  I searched Google (using \"python2 urllib download\") and did not find one. (It might have been hidden in the many answers since urllib includes downloading functionality.) I looked in my Python27\/lib directory and didn't see it there.\nCan I get a version of this module that runs on Python27?  Where and how?","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108467,"Q_Id":31601238,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Instead of using urllib.request.urlopen()  remove request for python 2.\nurllib.urlopen()  you do not have to request in python 2.x  for what you are trying to do. Hope it works for you. \nThis was tested using python 2.7  I was receiving the same error message  and this resolved it.","Q_Score":22,"Tags":"python,urllib","A_Id":34079450,"CreationDate":"2015-07-24T02:28:00.000","Title":"Python 2.7.10 error \"from urllib.request import urlopen\" no module named request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am debugging a test case. I use Python's OptionParser (from optparse) to do some testing and one of the options is a HTTP request.\nThe input in this specific case for the http request was 269KB in size.\nSo my python program fails with \"Argument list too long\" (I verified that there was no other arguments passed, just the request and one more argument as expected by the option parser. When I throw away some of the request and reduce its size, things work fine. So I have a strong reason to believe the size of the request is causing my problems here.)\nIs it possible for a HTTP request to be that big ?\nIf so how do I fix the OptionParser to handle this input?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":82,"Q_Id":31630636,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Is it possible for a HTTP request to be that big ?\n\nYes it's possible but it's not recommended and you could have compatibility issues depending on your web server configuration. If you need to pass large amounts of data you shouldn't use GET. \n\nIf so how do I fix the OptionParser to handle this input?\n\nIt appears that OptionParser has set its own limit well above what is considered a practical implementation. I think the only way to 'fix' this is to get the Python source code and modify it to meet your requirements. Alternatively write your own parser. \nUPDATE:  I possibly mis-interpreted the question and the comment from Padraic below may well be correct. If you have hit an OS limit for command line argument size then it is not an OptionParser issue but something much more fundamental to your system design that means you may have to rethink your solution. This also possibly explains why you are attempting to use GET in your application (so you can pass it on the command line?)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":31630829,"CreationDate":"2015-07-25T20:09:00.000","Title":"Is a HTTP Get request of size 269KB allowed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am debugging a test case. I use Python's OptionParser (from optparse) to do some testing and one of the options is a HTTP request.\nThe input in this specific case for the http request was 269KB in size.\nSo my python program fails with \"Argument list too long\" (I verified that there was no other arguments passed, just the request and one more argument as expected by the option parser. When I throw away some of the request and reduce its size, things work fine. So I have a strong reason to believe the size of the request is causing my problems here.)\nIs it possible for a HTTP request to be that big ?\nIf so how do I fix the OptionParser to handle this input?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":82,"Q_Id":31630636,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Typical limit is 8KB, but it can vary (like, be even less).","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":31630668,"CreationDate":"2015-07-25T20:09:00.000","Title":"Is a HTTP Get request of size 269KB allowed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am debugging a test case. I use Python's OptionParser (from optparse) to do some testing and one of the options is a HTTP request.\nThe input in this specific case for the http request was 269KB in size.\nSo my python program fails with \"Argument list too long\" (I verified that there was no other arguments passed, just the request and one more argument as expected by the option parser. When I throw away some of the request and reduce its size, things work fine. So I have a strong reason to believe the size of the request is causing my problems here.)\nIs it possible for a HTTP request to be that big ?\nIf so how do I fix the OptionParser to handle this input?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":82,"Q_Id":31630636,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"A GET request, unlike a POST request, contains all its information in the url itself. This means you have an URL of 269KB, which is extremely long. \nAlthough there is no theoretical limit on the size allowed, many servers don't allow urls of over a couple of KB long and should return a 414 response code in that case. A safe limit is 2KB, although most modern software will allow a bit more than that. \nBut still, for 269KB, use POST (or PUT if that is semantically more correct), which can contain larger chunks of data as the content of a request rather than the url.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":31630678,"CreationDate":"2015-07-25T20:09:00.000","Title":"Is a HTTP Get request of size 269KB allowed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have developed an API in flask which is using HttpBasicAuth to authenticate users. API is working absolutely fine in fiddler and returning 401 when we pass wrong credential but when I am using the same on login page I am getting extra pop up from browser. I really don't want to see this extra pop-up which is asking for credential (default behaviour of browser when returning \n\n401\n\nwith \n\nWWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"Authentication Required\"\n\n).\nIt is working fine when deployed locally but not working when hosted on remote server. \nHow can we implement 401 which will not let browser to display popup asking for credentials.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":13044,"Q_Id":31666601,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"This is a common problem when working with REST APIs and browser clients. Unfortunately there is no clean way to prevent the browser from displaying the popup. But there are tricks that you can do:\n\nYou can return a non-401 status code. For example, return 403. Technically it is wrong, but if you have control of the client-side API, you can make it work. The browser will only display the login dialog when it gets a 401.\nAnother maybe a bit cleaner trick is to leave the 401 in the response, but not include the WWW-Authenticate header in your response. This will also stop the login dialog from appearing.\nAnd yet another (that I haven't tried myself, but have seen mentioned elsewhere) is to leave the 401 and the WWW-Authenticate, but change the auth method from Basic to something else that is unknown to the browser (i.e. not Basic and not Digest). For example, make it CustomBasic.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python-2.7,flask,basic-authentication,www-authenticate","A_Id":31666814,"CreationDate":"2015-07-28T02:54:00.000","Title":"How to return 401 authentication from flask API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am working for a company who wants me to test and cover every piece of code I have. \nMy code works properly from browser. There is no error no fault.\nExcept my code works properly on browser and my system is responding properly do I need to do testing? Is it compulsory to do testing?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":33,"Q_Id":31692090,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Whether it\u2019s compulsory depends on organization you work for. If others say it is, then it is. Just check how tests are normally written in the company and follow existing examples.\n(There\u2019re a lot of ways Django-based website can be tested, different companies do it differently.)\nWhy write tests?\n\nRegression testing. You checked that your code is working, does it still work now? You or someone else may change something and break your code at some point. Running test suite makes sure that what was written yesterday still works today; that the bug fixed last week wasn\u2019t accidentally re-introduced; that things don\u2019t regress.\nElegant code structuring. Writing tests for your code forces you to write code in certain way. For example, if you must test a long 140-line function definition, you\u2019ll realize it\u2019s much easier to split it into smaller units and test them separately. Often when a program is easy to test it\u2019s an indicator that it was written well.\nUnderstanding. Writing tests helps you understand what are the requirements for your code. Properly written tests will also help new developers understand what the code does and why. (Sometimes documentation doesn\u2019t cover everything.)\nAutomated tests can test your code under many different conditions quickly, sometimes it\u2019s not humanly possible to test everything by hand each time new feature is added.\nIf there\u2019s the culture of writing tests in the organization, it\u2019s important that everyone follows it without exceptions. Otherwise people would start slacking and skipping tests, which would cause regressions and errors later on.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,testing","A_Id":31694536,"CreationDate":"2015-07-29T05:47:00.000","Title":"is testing compulsory if it works fine on realtime on browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I am trying to download multiple excel links to different file paths depending on the link using Selenium.\nI am able to set up the FirefoxProfile to download all links to a certain single path, but I can't change the path on the fly as I try to download different files into different file paths. Does anyone have a fix for this?\n\nself.fp = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()\nself.ft.set_preferences(\"browser.download.folderList\", 2)\nself.ft.set_preferences(\"browser.download.showWhenStarting\", 2)\nself.ft.set_preferences(\"browser.download.dir\", \"C:\\SOURCE FILES\\BACKHAUL\")\nself.ft.set_preferences(\"browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk\", (\"application\/vnd.ms-excel))\nself.driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile = self.fp)\n\nThis code will set the path I want once. But I want to be able to set it multiple times while running one script.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":667,"Q_Id":31734447,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can define it only while initializing driver. So to do it with a new path you should driver.quit and start it again.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":31735197,"CreationDate":"2015-07-30T21:33:00.000","Title":"Changing FirefoxProfile() preferences more than once using Selenium\/Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to fetch the data using REST Endpoints(returns JSON file) and load the data(JSON) into Cassandra cluster which is sitting on AWS.\nThis is a migration effort, which involves millions of records. No access to source DB. Only access to REST End points.\n\nWhat are the options I have?\nWhat is the programming language to use?(I am thinking of Python or any scripting language)?\nSince I will have to migrate millions of records, I would like to process the jobs concurrently.\nWhat are the challenges?\n\nThanks for the time and help.\n--GK.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":129,"Q_Id":31737396,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Cassandra 2.2.0 give feature to insert and get data as JSON .So you can use that .\nLike for insert json data .\nCREATE TABLE test.example (\n    id int PRIMARY KEY,\n    id2 int,\n    id3 int\n) ;\ncqlsh >  INSERT INTO example JSON '{\"id\":10,\"id2\":10,\"id3\":10}' ;\nFor Select data as Json :\ncqlsh >  SELECT json  * FROM  example;\n [json]\n{\"id\": 10, \"id2\": 10, \"id3\": 10}","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,json,rest,cassandra,data-migration","A_Id":31738908,"CreationDate":"2015-07-31T02:59:00.000","Title":"Data Migration to Cassandra using REST End points","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to run multiple spiders to crawl many different websites. Websites I want to crawl take different time to be scraped (some take about 24h, others 4h, ...). I have multiple workers (less than the number of websites) to launch scrapy and a queue where I put the websites I want to crawl. Once a worker has finished crawling a website, the website goes back to the queue waiting for a worker to be available to launch scrapy, and so on. \nThe problem is that small website will be crawled more times than big ones and I want all websites to be crawled the same number of time.\nI was thinking about using RabbitMQ for queue management and to prioritise some websites.\nBut when I search for RabbitMQ, it is often used with Celery. What I understood about these tools is that Celery will allow to launch some code depending on a schedule and RabbitMQ will use message and queues to define the execution order.\nIn my case, I don't know if using only RabbitMQ without Celery will work. Also, is using RabbitMQ helpful for my problem?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1802,"Q_Id":31834738,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, using RabbitMQ is very helpful for your use case since your crawling agent can utilize a message queue for storing the results while your document processor can then store that in both your database back end (in this reply I'll assume mongodb) and your search engine (and I'll assume elastic search here).\nWhat one gets in this scenario is a very rapid and dynamic search engine and crawler that can be scaled.\nAs for celery+rabbitmq+scrapy portion; celery would be a good way to schedule your scrapy crawlers and distribute your crawler bots across your infrastructure. Celery is just using RabbitMQ as its back end to consolidate and distribute the jobs between each instance. So for your use case to use both celery and scrapy just write the code for your scrapy bot to use its own rabbitmq queue for storing the results then write up a document processor to store the results into your persistent database back end. Then setup celery to schedule the batches of site crawls. Throw in sched module to maintain a bit of sanity in your crawling scheude.\nAlso, review the works done at google for how they resolve the issues for over crawling a site in thier algorithm plus respect sane robots.txt settings and your crawler should be good to go.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,scrapy,rabbitmq,celery","A_Id":31841508,"CreationDate":"2015-08-05T14:01:00.000","Title":"Scrapy - Use RabbitMQ only or Celery + RabbitMQ for scraping multiple websites?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking for solution how to setup domain authorization with aiohttp.\nThere are several ldap librarys, but all of them blocks event loop, plus i don't have clear understanding about user authorization with aiohttp. \nAs i see i need session managment and store isLogdedIn=True in cookie file, check that cookie at every route -> redirect at login handler, and check key in every template? It seems very insecure, session could be stolen.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":549,"Q_Id":31857628,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You may call synchronous LDAP library in thread pool (loop.run_in_executor()). \naiohttp itself doesn't contain abstractions for sessions and authentication but there are aiohttp_session and aiohttp_security libraries. I'm working on these but current status is alpha. You may try it as beta-tester :)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-asyncio","A_Id":31880066,"CreationDate":"2015-08-06T13:51:00.000","Title":"Proper way to setup ldap auth with aiohttp.web","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running a Python script that uses the requests library to get data from a service.\nThe script takes a while to finish and I am currently running it locally on my Windows 7 laptop. If I lock my screen and leave, will the script continue to run (for ~3 hours) without Windows disconnecting from the internet or halting any processes? The power settings are already set up to keep the laptop from sleeping.\nIf it will eventually halt anything, how do I keep this from happening? Thanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":27171,"Q_Id":31866507,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"As long as the computer doesn't get put to sleep, your process should continue to run.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,windows","A_Id":31866538,"CreationDate":"2015-08-06T21:57:00.000","Title":"Keep Python script running after screen lock (Win. 7)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running a Python script that uses the requests library to get data from a service.\nThe script takes a while to finish and I am currently running it locally on my Windows 7 laptop. If I lock my screen and leave, will the script continue to run (for ~3 hours) without Windows disconnecting from the internet or halting any processes? The power settings are already set up to keep the laptop from sleeping.\nIf it will eventually halt anything, how do I keep this from happening? Thanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":27171,"Q_Id":31866507,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Check \"Power Options\" in the Control panel. You don't need to worry about the screen locking or turning off as these wont affect running processes. However, if your system is set to sleep after a set amount of time you may need to change this to Never. Keep in mind there are separate settings depending on whether or not the system is plugged in.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python,windows","A_Id":31866586,"CreationDate":"2015-08-06T21:57:00.000","Title":"Keep Python script running after screen lock (Win. 7)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"And also explain what is osv.osv and sometimes why we include class name at last line in python code like this student(). Why do we need to do that?\nAnd last what is arch field in xml code.\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":282,"Q_Id":31903327,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Python will give you functionalities(i.e. \"Back end\" Not DataBase) and XML will gives you the view(i.e \"Front End\").\nOSV = Object Service. Keeps the definitions of objects and their fields in memory, more or less.\n\"arch\" will give \"View Architecture\" for XML!","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,openerp,odoo","A_Id":31917329,"CreationDate":"2015-08-09T10:39:00.000","Title":"What does python code do and what does xml code do in odoo?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"And also explain what is osv.osv and sometimes why we include class name at last line in python code like this student(). Why do we need to do that?\nAnd last what is arch field in xml code.\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":282,"Q_Id":31903327,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you have experience with MVC, then you can compare odoo python file to a model \/ controller which holds the business logic, for creating masters etc \nand a xml file to a view which is for presenting the data to the UI. \nosv class inside in OSV module in OpenERP server , which contains all the OpenERP properties like you can see _column, _defaults and other many things. \nstudent() - its like a constructor to invoke the object, but its not needed now in latest versions","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,openerp,odoo","A_Id":31939808,"CreationDate":"2015-08-09T10:39:00.000","Title":"What does python code do and what does xml code do in odoo?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If there a data structures likes container\/queue, based on time , I could use it this way: add item(may duplicate) into it one by one, pop out those added time ealier then 60 minutes; count the queue; then I got top 10 most added items, in a dymatice period, said, 60min.\nHow to implement this time based container ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":347,"Q_Id":31907080,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can do something like this:\n\nStart timer 60 minutes\nGet the pages that people visits\nSave pages\nIf timer is not ended do step 2-3 again if timed is ended:\nCount wich one is the most visited\nCount wich one is the second most visited\nEtc","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,algorithm,data-structures,queue","A_Id":31908093,"CreationDate":"2015-08-09T17:43:00.000","Title":"python, data structures, algorithm: how to rank top 10 most visited pages in latest 60 minutes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Ok so I know nothing about programming with python yet but I have wanted to make a bot to post to instagram for a while so thought it would be a good way to 'hit the ground running'. \nI dont have a specific time frame so no rush. \nI don't know any programming languages yet but have wanted to branch out since I use a GUI based web automaiton tool which I see has quite alot of overlap with programming languages such as if statements, variables, loops etc. \nI have been feeling that learning a proper language will be a better investment long term. \nSo since I know nothing about it, but I have my goal in mind can people suggest what where I start in terms of what I should study for the task? Then I can laser focus what I need to learn and work at it piece by piece.\nI want to just upload pictures as one operation and follow\/unfollow as another on instagram. So please illuminate me on how Id go about that. I was told that python is the best all rounder to learn since it does everything in a tidy fashion ie less code and is intuitive. I will want to make other projects in future based on web automation so felt this would be a good one to learn from what I was told by a pro programmer.\nI understand I may have been vague but not sure what to ask yet given my ignorance so please ask away if needed to hone the question\/s.","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":36619,"Q_Id":31938658,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's a bit heavy, but you can use Selenium and do a bot on your browser. You can even make automatic clicks on the window if you don't want to read web codes.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,instagram","A_Id":55689785,"CreationDate":"2015-08-11T09:56:00.000","Title":"Making an instagram posting bot with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Ok so I know nothing about programming with python yet but I have wanted to make a bot to post to instagram for a while so thought it would be a good way to 'hit the ground running'. \nI dont have a specific time frame so no rush. \nI don't know any programming languages yet but have wanted to branch out since I use a GUI based web automaiton tool which I see has quite alot of overlap with programming languages such as if statements, variables, loops etc. \nI have been feeling that learning a proper language will be a better investment long term. \nSo since I know nothing about it, but I have my goal in mind can people suggest what where I start in terms of what I should study for the task? Then I can laser focus what I need to learn and work at it piece by piece.\nI want to just upload pictures as one operation and follow\/unfollow as another on instagram. So please illuminate me on how Id go about that. I was told that python is the best all rounder to learn since it does everything in a tidy fashion ie less code and is intuitive. I will want to make other projects in future based on web automation so felt this would be a good one to learn from what I was told by a pro programmer.\nI understand I may have been vague but not sure what to ask yet given my ignorance so please ask away if needed to hone the question\/s.","AnswerCount":10,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":36619,"Q_Id":31938658,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"You should note that while you can follow and unfollow users and like and unlike media. you CAN NOT post to Instagram using their API.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,instagram","A_Id":31963001,"CreationDate":"2015-08-11T09:56:00.000","Title":"Making an instagram posting bot with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I first use requests.head() to download the header. I do some validation(check the status code, check content-type) if that is good I download the body. However I use requests.get() to that, but using .get() not only downloads the body but also the header which I just downloaded. So I don't need to download the header twice, anyway I can download the body of a get response if the header looks good?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1162,"Q_Id":32003889,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Ask only the header in case of a 404 or 302 is non sense. Either you get the error and the cost is the same as directly asking the body, or you get no error and need a second request for the body.\nSo unless the body is really large I would directly ask for the body with a single request. And if it is large, but tranferred in chunked mode, you can read the header with the first chunk and abort the transfert if it has a wrong content-type.\nHTTP HEAD request do not have common usages, and what you describe does not really looks like one. They are normally only used when you only need the header and will never use the body.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":32004454,"CreationDate":"2015-08-14T06:47:00.000","Title":"Python requests: Anyway to download just the body of a get response?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I first use requests.head() to download the header. I do some validation(check the status code, check content-type) if that is good I download the body. However I use requests.get() to that, but using .get() not only downloads the body but also the header which I just downloaded. So I don't need to download the header twice, anyway I can download the body of a get response if the header looks good?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1162,"Q_Id":32003889,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, there's no way. HTTP has the HEAD request, which only gets the header, but there's no request to get only the body.\nDon't worry too much about efficiency until you need to; the header usually isn't too big anyway. Either use requests.get() in the first place if the body is small, or else do requests.head() followed by requests.get() if you need to.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":32003982,"CreationDate":"2015-08-14T06:47:00.000","Title":"Python requests: Anyway to download just the body of a get response?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I first use requests.head() to download the header. I do some validation(check the status code, check content-type) if that is good I download the body. However I use requests.get() to that, but using .get() not only downloads the body but also the header which I just downloaded. So I don't need to download the header twice, anyway I can download the body of a get response if the header looks good?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1162,"Q_Id":32003889,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can't! This is not the way HTTP works. If you want to use less traffic you are in the right track all you need is to perform the head requests then check if you wanna get the body. If so use get.\nDownloading the HTTP headers twice will not will not cost you (a lot) in performance or traffic and it's necessary.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":32004066,"CreationDate":"2015-08-14T06:47:00.000","Title":"Python requests: Anyway to download just the body of a get response?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to send eof signal, over a socket, to a command running in remote shell?\n\nI've programmed in Python, using sockets, a remote shell application, where I send commands to be executed on another PC.\nEverything works fine (for most commands), except a command like cat > file is causing me problems.\nNormally, I would terminate the command above with CTRL + D (eof signal), but pressing CTRL + D in my client, doesn't send the signal to the remote shell. Therefore I have no means of terminating the command and I'm stuck.\nAnyone have suggestions ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4705,"Q_Id":32023586,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"eof is not a signal but is implemented by the tty driver as a read of length 0 when you type ctrl-d.\nIf your remote is not running in a tty then you cannot generate an eof as you cannot send a packet that reads as of length 0. However if you run a program like script \/dev\/null as the first command in your remote shell, then this will envelop your shell inside a pseudo-tty, and you will be able to send a real ctrl-d character (hex 0x04) and the pty will convert this to eof and end a cat, for example. Send a stty -a to the remote to check that eol is enabled in your pty.\n\nstty -a on my terminal says lnext = ^V (literal-next char) so I can type ctrl-vctrl-d to input a real hex 0x04 char.\nI chose script as I know it effectively interposes a pseudo-tty in the communication, and does nothing to the data stream. This is not its original purpose (see its man page), but that doesn't matter.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"linux,sockets,python-3.x,signals","A_Id":32023977,"CreationDate":"2015-08-15T09:56:00.000","Title":"How to send `eof` signal, over a socket, to a command running in remote shell?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"from the requests documentation :\n\nRemove a Value From a Dict Parameter\nSometimes you\u2019ll want to omit session-level keys from a dict parameter. To do this, you simply set that key\u2019s value to None in the method-level parameter. It will automatically be omitted.\n\nI need the data with key's value as None to take the Json value null instead of being removed.\nIs it possible ?\nedit : This seems to happen with my request data keys. While they are not session-level the behaviour of removing is still the same.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4509,"Q_Id":32097768,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"There is no session-level JSON parameter, so the merging rules don't apply.\nIn other words, the json keyword argument to the session.request() method is passed through unchanged, None values in that structure do not result in keys being removed.\nThe same applies to data, there is no session-level version of that parameter, no merging takes place. If data is set to a dictionary, any keys whose value is set to None are ignored. Set the value to '' if you need those keys included with an empty value.\nThe rule does apply when merging headers, params, hooks and proxies.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":32097869,"CreationDate":"2015-08-19T14:03:00.000","Title":"python requests module - set key to null","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am hosting a http server on Python using BaseHTTPServer module.\nI want to understand why it's required to specify the IP on which you are hosting the http server, like 127.0.0.1\/192.168.0.1 or whatever. [might be a general http server concept, and not specific to Python]\nWhy can't it be like anybody who knows the IP of the machine could connect to the http server?\nI face problems in case when my http server is connected to two networks at the same time, and I want to serve the http server on both the networks. And often my IP changes on-the-fly when I switch from hotspot mode on the http server machine, to connecting to another wifi router.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1443,"Q_Id":32110965,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Try running it on 0.0.0.0, this accepts connections from all interfaces. Explicitly specifying the IP is a good practice in general (load balancing, caching servers, security, internal netwrok-only micro services, etc), but judging by your story this is not a production server, but some internal LAN application.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,httpserver,basehttpserver","A_Id":32111853,"CreationDate":"2015-08-20T06:27:00.000","Title":"Why host http server needs to specify the IP on which it is hosting?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am hosting a http server on Python using BaseHTTPServer module.\nI want to understand why it's required to specify the IP on which you are hosting the http server, like 127.0.0.1\/192.168.0.1 or whatever. [might be a general http server concept, and not specific to Python]\nWhy can't it be like anybody who knows the IP of the machine could connect to the http server?\nI face problems in case when my http server is connected to two networks at the same time, and I want to serve the http server on both the networks. And often my IP changes on-the-fly when I switch from hotspot mode on the http server machine, to connecting to another wifi router.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1443,"Q_Id":32110965,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You must specify the IP address of the server, mainly because the underlying system calls for listening on a socket requires it. At a lower level you declare what pair (IP address, port) you want to use, listen on it and accept incoming connexions.\nAnother reason is that professional grade server often have multiple network interfaces and multiple IP addresses, and some services only need to listen on some interface addresses.\nHopefully, there are special addresses:\n\nlocalhost or 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address, only accessible from local machine. It is currently used for tests of local services\n0.0.0.0 (any) is a special address used to declare that you want to listen to all the local interfaces. I think that it is what you want here.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,httpserver,basehttpserver","A_Id":32112117,"CreationDate":"2015-08-20T06:27:00.000","Title":"Why host http server needs to specify the IP on which it is hosting?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have the following html extract\n0.94\nI am trying to read the href value ie 0.94.I tried the following :\nanswer = browser.find_element_by_class_name(\"res\")\nprint answer\noutput = answer.get_attribute('data-href')\nprint output\nThe Result is as follows:\n\nNone\nI tried various other methods, using find_element_by_xpath etc,but not able to get the desired value ie. 0.94 (as in this example).\nHow can I get this value in the shortest way? Thanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":206,"Q_Id":32113290,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use getText method if you want to to print 0.94","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium","A_Id":32117309,"CreationDate":"2015-08-20T08:30:00.000","Title":"getting href-data using selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am new to socket programming and recently picked up Python for it. I have a few questions in mind which I can't seems to find a definite answer for.\nI am looking into sending data over UDP and have written a simple python script to do just that. Works fine sending small objects (Small pickled objects to be exact) across but how should I handle objects that are too large to be fitted in one UDP packet? \nI've thought of first sizing up the object in bytes. Nothing will be done if the object is small enough to be fitted in a UDP packet, but if the object is too huge, the object will then be split up evenly (if possible) into many smaller chunks so that it can be fitted into multiple UDP packets and be sent across to the client. Once the client receive the chunks, the client will reassemble the multiple UDP packets into the original state.\nI immediately hit my first brick wall when trying to implement the mentioned above. \nFrom my research done, it doesn't seems like there is any 'effective' way in getting the byte size of an object. This means I am unable to determine if an object is too large to fit in a UDP packet.\nWhat happen if I insist on sending an large object across to the client? Will it get fragmented automatically and be reassembled on the client side or will the packet be dropped by the client?\nWhat is the right way to handle large object over UDP? Keeping in mind that the large object could be a file that is 1GB in size or a byte object that is 25MB in size.\nThanks in advance.\nSide Notes:\n\nI do understand that UDP packets may not always come in order and\ntherefore I have already implemented countermeasure for it which is\nto tag a sequence number to the UDP packets sent out to the client.\nI do understand that there is no assurance that the client will receive all of the UDP packets. I am not concerned about packet loss for now.\nI do understand that TCP is the right candidate for what I am trying to do but I am focusing on understanding UDP and on how to handle situations where acknowledgement of packets from client is not possible for now.\nI do understand the usage of pickle is insecure. Will look into it at later stage.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5845,"Q_Id":32125774,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"A UDP packet can be as large as approximately 64k. So if you want to send a file that is larger than that you can fragment yourself into packets of 64k. That is the theoretical maximum. My advice is to use fragments of smaller chunks of 500 bytes.\nIP is responsible for fragmentation and reassembly of the packets if you do use 64k packets. Smaller packets of 500 bytes are not likely to be fragmented because the mtu is usually around 1500 bytes. If you use larger packets that are fragmented, IP is going to drop them if one of those fragments is lost.\nYou are right that using TCP is probably better to use for something like this or even an existing protocol like TFTP. It implements a per packet acking mechanism and sequence numbers just like you did.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,udp","A_Id":32126306,"CreationDate":"2015-08-20T18:32:00.000","Title":"Python: Sending large object over UDP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Py.test to implement integration testing for uploading photos into Picasa. However, the authentication method from oauth2client.flow_from_clientsecrets (that should open a web-browser to authentication URL), simply stopped.\nI am not sure about why it occur though, is it because from py.test we can't create\/span new process? This is because oauth2client.flow_from_clientsecrets will call webbrowser.open that in turn will call subprocess.Popen","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":567,"Q_Id":32153084,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"@Bruno Oliveira is right. I try to use a clean py.test to test flickr\/picasa auth, and it's able to open a web-browser. The problem may lies in other custom library that being developed.\nThanks!\nPS: I will report it here if I found why webbrowser.open won't work","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"pytest,python-multithreading","A_Id":32164189,"CreationDate":"2015-08-22T06:25:00.000","Title":"How to solve thread blocking in Py.test?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a script to download a pdf automatically.\nFirstly, I open the url manually, it will redirect to a login website.\nand I type my username and password, and click \"submit\".\nThen download will start directly.\nDuring this procedure, I check the firebug, I find there is no post while I click \"submit\".\nI'm not familiar with this behavior, that means the pdf(300K) is saved before I submit?\nIf there is no post, then I must use some tool like selenium to simulate this \"click\"?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":44,"Q_Id":32154052,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is there no request at all, or a GET request? I suspect there is a GET request. In that case, did you turn Persist on in Firebug's Net tab? Possibly the POST request was hidden after redirects.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,urllib2","A_Id":32155740,"CreationDate":"2015-08-22T08:30:00.000","Title":"No post request after submitting a form when I want to download a PDF","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible if I have a list of url parse them in python and take this server calls key\/values without need to open any browser manually and save them to a local file?\nThe only library I found for csv is pandas but anything for the first part. Any example will be perfect for me.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":30,"Q_Id":32196417,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can investigate the use of one of the built in or available libraries that let python actually perform the browser like operations and record the results, filter them and then use the built in csv library to output the results.\nYou will probably need one of the lower level libraries:\n\nurllib\/urllib2\/urllib3\n\nAnd you may need to override, one or more, of the methods to record the transaction data that you are looking for.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pandas","A_Id":32196617,"CreationDate":"2015-08-25T05:50:00.000","Title":"Collect calls and save them to csv","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know my friend's external IP (from whatsmyip) and internal IP (e.g 192.168.1.x) and he knows mine. How do I establish a TCP connection with him?\nIs it possible to do it without any port forwarding? Or do I require a server with an external IP to transfer messages between me and him?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":918,"Q_Id":32204773,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Basically, it isn't (shouldn't be) possible for you to connect to your friends private IP through his firewall. That's the point of firewalls :-o\nTwo solutions - the simplest is a port forwarding rule on his firewall, the second is as you suggest an external server that both clients connect to.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,sockets,networking,tcp","A_Id":32205167,"CreationDate":"2015-08-25T13:02:00.000","Title":"Connecting to a known external ip and internal ip without port forwarding","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know my friend's external IP (from whatsmyip) and internal IP (e.g 192.168.1.x) and he knows mine. How do I establish a TCP connection with him?\nIs it possible to do it without any port forwarding? Or do I require a server with an external IP to transfer messages between me and him?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":918,"Q_Id":32204773,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You cannot do that because of NAT(Network Address Translation). The public ip you see by whatsmyip.com is the public ip of your router. Since different machines can connect to the same router all of them will have the same public ip( that of the router). However each of them have an individual private ip assigned by the router. Each outgoing connection from the private network has to be distinguished hence the router converts the connection(private ip, port) to a (different port) and adds it to the NAT table. \nSo if you really want to have a working connection, you should have to determine both the internal and external port for both ends and do the port forwarding in the router. Its a bit tricky and hence techniques like TCP hole punching are used.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,sockets,networking,tcp","A_Id":32220457,"CreationDate":"2015-08-25T13:02:00.000","Title":"Connecting to a known external ip and internal ip without port forwarding","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm doing a web scrape with Python (using the Scrapy framework). The scrape works successfully until it gets about an hour into the process and then every request comes back with a HTTP400 error code.\nIs this just likely to be a IP based rate limiter or scrape detection tool? Any advice on how I might investigate the root cause further?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":611,"Q_Id":32217773,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It could be a rate limiter. \nHowever a 400 error generally means that the client request was malformed and therefore rejected by the server.\nYou should start investigating this first. When your requests start failing, exit your program and immediately start it again. If it starts working, you know that you aren't being rate-limited and that there is in fact something wrong with how your requests are formed later on.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":32217810,"CreationDate":"2015-08-26T04:01:00.000","Title":"Python Web Scraping HTTP 400","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm running a Python Tornado server with a WebSocket handler.\nWe've noticed that if we abruptly disconnect the a client (disconnect a cable for example) the server has no indication the connection was broken. No on_close event is raised.\nIs there a workaround? \nI've read there's an option to send a ping, but didn't see anyone use it in the examples online and not sure how to use it and if it will address this issue.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1215,"Q_Id":32245227,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The on_close event can only be triggered when the connection is closed.\nYou can send a ping and wait for an on_pong event.\nTimouts are typically hard to detect since you won't even get a message that the socket is closed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,websocket,tornado","A_Id":32245768,"CreationDate":"2015-08-27T09:13:00.000","Title":"Tornado websocket pings","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a JSP page called X.JSP (contains few radio button and submit button), when i hit the submit button in X.JSP, the next page is displayed Y.JSP?xxxx=1111&yyyy=2222&zzzz=3333\n\nhow to know what page or service or ajax call is being made when i hit the submit button in X.JSP page.\nxxxx=1111&yyyy=2222&zzzz=3333 these are generated after i click the submit button in X.JSP\n\nCurrently i am using python to script.\ni select a radio button and post the form. i am not able to get the desired O\/P.\nhow do I what page or service or ajax call is being made when i hit the submit button in X.JSP page, so that i can directly hit that page\nor is there any better way to solve this","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":49,"Q_Id":32278459,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The developers console ( F12 in Chrome and Firefox) is a wonderful thing. \nCheck the Network or Net tab. There you can see all the requests between your browser and your server.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,ajax,jsp,jsp-tags","A_Id":32278473,"CreationDate":"2015-08-28T19:24:00.000","Title":"how to know what page or call is being when in a JSP page when submited","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing an image crawler that scrapes the images from a Web page. This done by finding the img tag on the Web page. But recently I noticed, some img tags don't have an alt attribute in it. Is there any way to find the keywords for that particular image?\nAnd are there any precautions for crawling the websites for images?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":278,"Q_Id":32286059,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If there is no alt attribute in a tag, or it is empty, check fo attribute name, if not name, check for id. Well, id, when .asp or .aspx for instance, doesn't have to make sense. But, well, as a last resort, use src attribute by getting just the filename without an extension. Sometimes attribute class can also be used, but, well, I don't recomend it. Even id can be very much deceiving.\nYou will have trouble with JS imposed images, of course, but even that can be solved with a lot of time and will.\nAs for precautions, what  exactly do you mean? Check whether src is really an image or what?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,image,web-crawler","A_Id":32286161,"CreationDate":"2015-08-29T12:30:00.000","Title":"Crawling and finding keywords for images without any \"alt\" attribute","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have created a script that :\nImports a list of IP's from .txt ( around 5K )\nConnects to a REST API and performs a query based on the IP ( web logs for each IP)\nData is returned from the API and some calculations are done on the data\nResults of calculations are written to a .csv\nAt the moment it's really slow as it takes one IP at a time does everything and then goes to the next IP .\nI may be wrong but from my understanding with threading or multiprocessing i could have 3-4 threads each doing an IP which would increase the speed of the tool by a huge margin . Is my understanding correct and if it is should  i be looking at threading or multi-processing for my task  ?\nAny help would amazing\nRandom info, running python 2.7.5 , Win7 with plenty or resources.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":110,"Q_Id":32286655,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"With multiprocessing a primitive way to do this whould be chunck the file into 5 equal pieces and give it to 5 different processes write their results to 5 different files, when all processes are done you will merge the results. \nYou can have the same logic with Python threads without much complication. And probably won't make any difference since the bottle neck is probably the API. So in the end it does not really matter which approach you choose here. \nThere are two things two consider though:\n\nUsing Threads, you are not realy using multiple CPUs hence you are have \"wasted resources\"\nUsing Multiprocessing will use multiple processors but it is heavier on start up ... So you will benefit from never stoping the script and keeping the processes alive if the script needs to run very often. \n\nSince the information you gave about the scenario where you use this script (or better say program) is limited, it really hard to say which is the better approach.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":32286881,"CreationDate":"2015-08-29T13:37:00.000","Title":"Python threading or multiprocessing for my 'tool'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"when the client server submit a request in the website, \nit triggers a python program in that website's server\nthat python program scrap data in the Internet, or do its other job.\nand return the scrapped data to the user.\nthanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":22,"Q_Id":32290371,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to write handler\/controller functions to handle each request from the client (the view). The routers will route each request to a specific controller which invoke the code i.e. query the database (via the Model) and return data with the response to the client via that controller. Read more on MVC and frameworks like Flask\/Django for more info.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,mysql,web","A_Id":32290680,"CreationDate":"2015-08-29T20:31:00.000","Title":"how to trigger a python module in a linux website server when client submit data through website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to embed a A.html file inside B.html(report) file as a hyperlink.\nJust to be clear, both html files are offline and available only on my local machine. and at last the report html file will be sent over email.\nThe email recipient will not be having access to my local machine. So if they click on hyperlink in report.html, they will get \"404 - File or directory not found\".\nIs there any way to embed A.html inside report.html, so that email recipient can open A.html from report.html on their machine","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":78,"Q_Id":32304781,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to one of:\n\nAttach A.html as well as report.html,\nPost A.html to a shared location such as Google drive and modify the link to point to it, or\nPut the content of A.html into a hidden <div> with a show method.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,hyperlink","A_Id":32305050,"CreationDate":"2015-08-31T05:57:00.000","Title":"Embed one html file inside other report html file as hyperlink in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using python requests right now but if there is a way to do this then it would be a game changer... Specifically i want to download a bunch of pdf's from one web site. I have the urls to the pages i want. Can i grab more then one at a time?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":96,"Q_Id":32311385,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know specifically Python APIs but, for sure, HTTP specification does not allow a single GET request to fetch multiple resources. To each request always corresponds one and only one resource in response. This is intrinsic of the protocol.\nIn some situations you have to do many request to obtain a single resource, or a part of it, as happens with range requests. But also in this case every request has only one response which is finally used by the client to assemble the complete final resource.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,webserver,python-requests","A_Id":32314458,"CreationDate":"2015-08-31T12:33:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to fetch multiple urls(chunks) from a web server with one GET request?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Basicly, I'm crawling text from a webpage with python using Beautifulsoup, then save it as an HTML and send it to my Kindle as a mail attachement. The problem is; Kindle supports Latin1(ISO-8859-1) encoding, however the text I'm parsing includes characters that are not a part of Latin1. So when I try to encode text as Latin1 python gives following error because of the illegal characters:\n\nUnicodeEncodeError: 'latin-1' codec can't encode character u'\\u2019'\n  in position 17: ordinal not in range(256)\n\nWhen I try to encode it as UTF-8, this time script runs perfectly but Kindle replaces some incompatible characters with gibberish.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":171,"Q_Id":32316480,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use <meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"\/>\nI previously used <meta charset=\"UTF-8\" \/>, which did not seem to work.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,encoding,kindle,latin1","A_Id":64088459,"CreationDate":"2015-08-31T17:13:00.000","Title":"Text Encoding for Kindle with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm kinda confused. So I understand that If we want to grab data from an API, we can just call that API url in whatever language we are using ( example in python, we can do urllib.open( url of api) and then load the json). My question is, if we can just open the url in any language, what's the point of the API libraries that developers usually have on the site ( library wrapper for python, java, c#, ruby, etc). Do we need to use a specific library to call an API in that specific language? Can we not just open up the API url in any language? What's the point of having a library in each language if we can just extract the API in each of those languages?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2429,"Q_Id":32322434,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You don't need a library for the client.  However, developers tend to like libraries because it helps with things like creating authorization headers, creating parameterized URLs and converting response bodies into native types.\nHowever, there are good\/bad ways of building these kinds of libraries.  Many libraries hide the HTTP API and introduce a whole new set of issues that HTTP interfaces were originally designed to avoid.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,api,rest","A_Id":32322492,"CreationDate":"2015-09-01T01:57:00.000","Title":"Difference between API and API library\/Wrapper","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to AWS using Python and I'm trying to learn the boto API however I noticed that there are two major versions\/packages for Python.  That would be boto and boto3.\nWhat is the difference between the AWS boto and boto3 libraries?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51063,"Q_Id":32322503,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Boto is the Amazon Web Services (AWS) SDK for Python. It enables Python developers to create, configure, and manage AWS services, such as EC2 and S3.\nwhile\nBoto3 generates the client from a JSON service definition file. The client\u2019s methods support every single type of interaction with the target AWS service. Resources, on the other hand, are generated from JSON resource definition files. Boto3 generates the client and the resource from different definitions","Q_Score":158,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto,boto3","A_Id":70191456,"CreationDate":"2015-09-01T02:09:00.000","Title":"What is the difference between the AWS boto and boto3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on aws S3 multipart upload, And I am facing following issue.\nBasically I am uploading a file chunk by chunk to s3, And during the time if any write happens to the file locally, I would like to reflect that change to the s3 object which is in current upload process.\nHere is the procedure that I am following,\n\nInitiate multipart upload operation.\nupload the parts one by one [5 mb chunk size.] [do not complete that   operation yet.]\nDuring the time if a write goes to that file, [assuming i have the details for the write [offset, no_bytes_written] ].\nI will calculate the part no for that write happen locally, And read that chunk from the s3 uploaded object.\nRead the same chunk from the local file and write to read part from s3.\nUpload the same part to s3 object.\nThis will be an a-sync operation. I will complete the multipart operation at the end.\n\nI am facing an issue in reading the uploaded part that is in multipart uploading process. Is there any API available for the same?\nAny help would be greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1069,"Q_Id":32348812,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"There is no API in S3 to retrieve a part of a multi-part upload.  You can list the parts but I don't believe there is any way to retrieve an individual part once it has been uploaded.\nYou can re-upload a part.  S3 will just throw away the previous part and use the new one in it's place.  So, if you had the old and new versions of the file locally and were keeping track of the parts yourself, I suppose you could, in theory, replace individual parts that had been modified after the multipart upload was initiated.   However, it seems to me that this would be a very complicated and error-prone process.  What if the change made to a file was to add several MB's of data to it?  Wouldn't that change  your boundaries?  Would that potentially affect other parts, as well?\nI'm not saying it can't be done but I am saying it seems complicated and would require you to do a lot of bookkeeping on the client side.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,file-upload,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":32352584,"CreationDate":"2015-09-02T08:59:00.000","Title":"How to read a part of amazon s3 key, assuming that \"multipart upload complete\" is yet to happen for that key?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to create a custom topology using Python API and mininet. It should be such that, if there are n number of hosts, then odd numbered hosts can ping each other and also even numbered hosts can ping each other.\nFor example, if we have 5 hosts, h1 .. to h5,\nthen h1 can ping h3 and h5, while h2 can only ping h4.\nI have tried writing code, in which I added links between all even hosts and between all odd hosts. But I am not able to get the desired outcome. h1 is able to ping h3, but not h5.\nAlso, is it correct to define links between hosts? Or should we only have links between hosts and switches and within switches?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":769,"Q_Id":32362586,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Since you are setting the controller to  be remote, --controller=remote, you need to provide a controller explicitly. \nFor example, if you are using POX, \nIn another terminal, run this:\ncd pox\n.\/pox.py openflow.discovery forwarding.l2_learning\nNow do a pingall in the mininet console, there should be 0% packet loss","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,network-programming,mininet","A_Id":36837694,"CreationDate":"2015-09-02T20:33:00.000","Title":"Custom Topology in Mininet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to make a socket connection that will stay alive so that in event of connection loss. So basically I want to keep the server always open (also the client preferably) and restart the client after the connection is lost. But if one end shuts down both ends shut down. I simulated this by having both ends on the same computer \"localhost\" and just clicking the X button. Could this be the source of my problems?\nAnyway my connection code\nm.connect((\"localhost\", 5000))\nis in a if and try and while e.g.\nwhile True:\n    if tryconnection:\n        #Error handeling\n        try:\n            m.connect((\"localhost\", 5000))\n            init = True\n            tryconnection = False\n        except socket.error:\n            init = False\n            tryconnection = True\nAnd at the end of my code I just a m.send(\"example\") when I press a button and if that returns an error the code of trying to connect to \"localhost\" starts again. And the server is a pretty generic server setup with a while loop around the x.accept(). So how do keep them both alive when the connection closes so they can reconnect when it opens again. Or is my code alright and its just by simulating on the same computer is messing with it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1309,"Q_Id":32397089,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The issue is not related to the programming language, in this case python. The oeprating system (Windows or linux), has the final word regarding the resilience degree of the socket.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,connection","A_Id":32403092,"CreationDate":"2015-09-04T11:33:00.000","Title":"Keeping python sockets alive in event of connection loss","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to make a socket connection that will stay alive so that in event of connection loss. So basically I want to keep the server always open (also the client preferably) and restart the client after the connection is lost. But if one end shuts down both ends shut down. I simulated this by having both ends on the same computer \"localhost\" and just clicking the X button. Could this be the source of my problems?\nAnyway my connection code\nm.connect((\"localhost\", 5000))\nis in a if and try and while e.g.\nwhile True:\n    if tryconnection:\n        #Error handeling\n        try:\n            m.connect((\"localhost\", 5000))\n            init = True\n            tryconnection = False\n        except socket.error:\n            init = False\n            tryconnection = True\nAnd at the end of my code I just a m.send(\"example\") when I press a button and if that returns an error the code of trying to connect to \"localhost\" starts again. And the server is a pretty generic server setup with a while loop around the x.accept(). So how do keep them both alive when the connection closes so they can reconnect when it opens again. Or is my code alright and its just by simulating on the same computer is messing with it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1309,"Q_Id":32397089,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm assuming we're dealing with TCP here since you use the word \"connection\".\nIt all depend by what you mean by \"connection loss\".\nIf by connection loss you mean that the data exchanges between the server and the client may be suspended\/irresponsive (important: I did not say \"closed\" here) for a long among of time, seconds or minutes, then there's not much you can do about it and it's fine like that because the TCP protocol have been carefully designed to handle such situations gracefully. The timeout before deciding one or the other side is definitely down, give up, and close the connection is veeeery long (minutes). Example of such situation: the client is your smartphone, connected to some server on the web, and you enter a long tunnel.\nBut when you say: \"But if one end shuts down both ends shut down. I simulated this by having both ends on the same computer localhost and just clicking the X button\", what you are doing is actually closing the connections.\n\nIf you abruptly terminate the server: the TCP\/IP implementation of your operating system will know that there's not any more a process listening on port 5000, and will cleanly close all connections to that port. In doing so a few TCP segments exchange will occur with the client(s) side (it's a TCP 4-way tear down or a reset), and all clients will be disconected. It is important to understand that this is done at the TCP\/IP implementation level, that's to say your operating system.\nIf you abruptly terminate a client, accordingly, the TCP\/IP implementation of your operating system will cleanly close the connection from it's port Y to your server port 5000.\nIn both cases\/side, at the network level, that would be the same as if you explicitly (not abruptly) closed the connection in your code.\n\n...and once closed, there's no way you can possibly re-establish those connections as they were before. You have to establish new connections.\nIf you want to establish these new connections and get the application logic to the state it was before, now that's another topic. TCP alone can't help you here. You need a higher level protocol, maybe your own, to implement stateful client\/server application.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,connection","A_Id":32399470,"CreationDate":"2015-09-04T11:33:00.000","Title":"Keeping python sockets alive in event of connection loss","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've noticed that the FTP library doesn't seem to have a method or function of straight up downloading a file from an FTP server. The only function I've come across for downloading a file is ftp.retrbinary and in order to transfer the file contents, you essentially have to write the contents to a pre-existing file on the local computer where the Python script is located. \nIs there a way to download the file as-is without having to create a local file first?\nEdit: I think the better question to ask is: do I need to have a pre-existing file in order to download an FTP server file's contents?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":214,"Q_Id":32406089,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To download a file from FTP this code will do the job\nimport urllib urllib.urlretrieve('ftp:\/\/server\/path\/to\/file', 'file') # if you need to pass credentials: # urllib.urlretrieve('ftp:\/\/username:password@server\/path\/to\/file', 'file')","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ftp","A_Id":40610963,"CreationDate":"2015-09-04T20:27:00.000","Title":"How do I simply transfer and download a file from an FTP server with Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have something like 1500 mail messages in eml format and I want to parse them na get e-mail addresses that caused error and error message (or code).\nI would like to try to do it in python.\nSomeone have any idea how to do that except parsing line by line and searching for line and error code (or know software to do that)?\nI see nothing about errors in mail headers which is sad.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":165,"Q_Id":32438646,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So you have 1500 .eml files and want to identify mails from mailer-daemons and which adress caused the mailer-daemon message?\nJust iterate over the files, then check the from: line and see if it is a mailer-daemon message, and then get the adress that caused the error out of the text.\nThere is no other way than iterating over them line by line.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,parsing","A_Id":32442153,"CreationDate":"2015-09-07T12:20:00.000","Title":"Parse mailer daemons, failure notices","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to directly edit an XML file's text. I'd prefer to find and remove a certain phrase potentially by using the \"sub\" function. For particular reasons I'd prefer not to return the edited strings and then find a way to replace the existing XML file test. Is there an easy way to do this? Thanks for any help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":75,"Q_Id":32460273,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No, in Python you can not change strings in place as Python strings are immutable.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,regex,xml,xml-parsing","A_Id":32904156,"CreationDate":"2015-09-08T14:22:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to use Regular Expression to alter a string directly instead of returning altered version of the string?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have to write a python script which will copy a file in s3 to my EBS directory, here the problem is I'm running this python script from my local machine. is there any boto function in which I can copy from s3 to EBS without storing in my local?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":830,"Q_Id":32478432,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"No. EBS volumes are accessible only on the EC2 instance they're mounted on. If you want to download a file directly from S3 to an EBS volume, you need to run your script on the EC2 instance.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto,boto3","A_Id":32478697,"CreationDate":"2015-09-09T11:33:00.000","Title":"Copy file from S3 to EBS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm currently able to connect a client computer to two servers on my local network (using Python sockets), but because I'm trying to emulate an external networking set-up, I'd like the client to access the machines externally, i.e. for the data to be routed over the internet as opposed to locally and directly. (This is for research purposes, so it's intentionally inefficient.) \nWould using a machine's IPv6 address as the host be sufficient, or would the router recognize the IPv6 address as internal and just bounce it back as opposed to first sending it to some external node?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":147,"Q_Id":32490281,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"or would the router recognize the IPv6 address as internal and just bounce it back as opposed to first sending it to some external node?\n\nYes","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,sockets,network-programming,ipv6","A_Id":32490605,"CreationDate":"2015-09-09T22:40:00.000","Title":"How to connect two computers on the same local network externally with Python sockets?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm currently able to connect a client computer to two servers on my local network (using Python sockets), but because I'm trying to emulate an external networking set-up, I'd like the client to access the machines externally, i.e. for the data to be routed over the internet as opposed to locally and directly. (This is for research purposes, so it's intentionally inefficient.) \nWould using a machine's IPv6 address as the host be sufficient, or would the router recognize the IPv6 address as internal and just bounce it back as opposed to first sending it to some external node?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":147,"Q_Id":32490281,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the client has at least two interfaces, you can assign one interface for local networking and the other one for Internet connection.\nIn addition, you can also try to use virtual interfaces + IP tunnel for the Internet connection.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,sockets,network-programming,ipv6","A_Id":32491099,"CreationDate":"2015-09-09T22:40:00.000","Title":"How to connect two computers on the same local network externally with Python sockets?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Python Kafka topic.\nIs there any provision producer that can update a message in a queue in Kafka and append it to the top of queue again?\nAccording to spec of Kafka, it doesn't seems feasible.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7086,"Q_Id":32508415,"Users Score":19,"Answer":"Kafka is a distributed immutable commit log. That said, there is no possibility to update a message in a topic. Once it is there all you can do is consume it, update and produce to another (or this) topic again","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,apache-kafka,kafka-consumer-api,kafka-python","A_Id":32510798,"CreationDate":"2015-09-10T17:40:00.000","Title":"Update message in Kafka topic","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My flow is such that I already have the access token available in my backend server. So basically I was using the REST Apis until now for getting all user messages. However, I would like to use the Gmail API batch requests to improve on performance. I see that it is non-trivial to use python requests to do so. The gmail api client for python on the other hand does not seem to have a option where I can use the access token to get the results. Rather I need to use the authorization code which is unavailable to me. Can someone help me solve this? \nThanks,\nAzeem","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":100,"Q_Id":32514000,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to activate the Gmail API in your project on Google Developer Console to get the API key which will have separate billing cost involved.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":32514035,"CreationDate":"2015-09-11T01:14:00.000","Title":"Gmail Python API: Build service using access token","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can't find a solution to authorize server-to-server authentication using Google SDK + Python + MAC OSx + GMAIL API.\nI would like testing GMail API integration in my local environment, before publishing my application in GAE, but until now I have no results using samples that I have found in GMail API or OAuth API documentation. During all tests I received the same error \"403-Insufficient Permission\" when my application was using GCP Service Account, but if I convert the application to use User Account everything was fine.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":163,"Q_Id":32524226,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A service account isn't you its it's own user.  Even if you could access Gmail with a service account which I doubt you would only be accessing the service accounts GMail account (Which I don't think it has) and not your own.\nTo my knowledge the only way to access Gmail API is with Oauth2. \nService accounts can be used to access some of the Google APIs for example Google drive.  The service account his its own Google drive account files will be uploaded to its drive account.  I can give it permission to upload to my google drive account by adding it as a user on a folder in Google drive.\nYou cant give another user permission to read your Gmail Account so again the only way to access the Gmail API will be to use Oauth2.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,gmail,google-oauth,service-accounts","A_Id":32524341,"CreationDate":"2015-09-11T13:04:00.000","Title":"Google App Engine Server to Server OAuth Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider\nRule is giving error\n\nI am using ubuntu\nI have Scrapy 0.24.5 and Python 2.7.6\nI tried with tutorial project of scrapy \nI am working on pycharm","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4316,"Q_Id":32525307,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Don't delete __init__.py from any place in your project directory. Just because it's empty doesn't mean you don't need it. Create a new empty file called __init__.py in your spiders directory, and you should be good to go.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":40071747,"CreationDate":"2015-09-11T14:00:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named spiders","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider\nRule is giving error\n\nI am using ubuntu\nI have Scrapy 0.24.5 and Python 2.7.6\nI tried with tutorial project of scrapy \nI am working on pycharm","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4316,"Q_Id":32525307,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Make sure scrapy is installed. Try running scrapy when your terminal directory is python, or you can try to update scrapy..","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":32531370,"CreationDate":"2015-09-11T14:00:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named spiders","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider\nRule is giving error\n\nI am using ubuntu\nI have Scrapy 0.24.5 and Python 2.7.6\nI tried with tutorial project of scrapy \nI am working on pycharm","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4316,"Q_Id":32525307,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Mostly the tutorial you are fallowing and your version is mismatched.\nSimply replace this (scrapy.Spider) with (scrapy.spiders.Spider).\nSpider function is put into spiders module.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":46567274,"CreationDate":"2015-09-11T14:00:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named spiders","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have always used Firefox in webdriver. I want to try using Chrome. I have downloaded chromedriver and included it in the Path variable. However, this code returns an error:\n>>> webdriver.Chrome()\nselenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'chromedriver' executable needs to be in PATH. Please see https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/chromium.org\/chromedriver\/home\nI have also tried including the path:\n>>> webdriver.Chrome('C:\\Python34\\chromedriver_win32.zip')\nOSError: [WinError 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 application\nWhat is the problem here? I am sorry if I am doing something completely wrong or my problem seems hard to solve. Any help will be appreciated. I have also searched all over the internet, but I have not found anything yet.\nSeriously, can't anybody solve this problem?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7011,"Q_Id":32551277,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"It turns out that I had to unzip the folder and instead of typing the path to the folder as an argument, you had to supply the .exe file in the path as well. Maybe it was an intermittent thing, or something that only didn't work when I posted the question.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,selenium","A_Id":33557990,"CreationDate":"2015-09-13T15:28:00.000","Title":"Using webdriver to run in Chrome with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I have a question; How does one get the files from a webpage and the urls attached to them. For example, Google.com\nso we go to google.com and open firebug (Mozilla\/chrome) and go to the \"network\"\nWe then see the location of every file attached, and extension of the file.\nHow do I do this in python?\nFor url stuff, I usually look into urllib\/mechanize\/selenium but none of these seem to support what I want or I don't know the code that would be associated with it.\nI'm using linux python 2.7 - Any help\/answers would be awesome. Thank you for anyone attempting to answer this.\nEdit: The things the back end servers generate, I don't know how but firebug in the \"net\" or \"network\" section show this information. I wondered if it could be implemented into python some how.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":76,"Q_Id":32590327,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It is not difficult to parse the webpage and find the links of all \"attached\" files such as (css, icon, js, images, etc.) which will be fetched by the browser that you can see them in the 'Network' panel.\nThe harder part is that some files are fetched by javascript using ajax. The only way to do that (completely and correctly) is to simulate a browser (parse html+css and run javascripts) which I don't think python can do.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,url,networking,request","A_Id":32590563,"CreationDate":"2015-09-15T15:44:00.000","Title":"Get files attached to URL using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"EDIT:\nI want to telnet into my web server on localhost, and request my php file from command line:\nI have:\n1) cd'd into the directory I want to serve, namely \"\/www\" (hello.php is here)\n2) run a server at directory www: python -m SimpleHTTPServer\n3) telnet localhost 80\nbut \"connection is refused\". what am I doing wrong?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2140,"Q_Id":32599677,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You're probably trying to connect to a wrong port. Check with netstat -lntp which port is your http server listening on. The process will be listed as python\/pid_number.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,telnet","A_Id":32620211,"CreationDate":"2015-09-16T04:14:00.000","Title":"Telnet connection on localhost Refused","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm a bit confused by some of the design decisions in the Python ElementTree API - they seem kind of arbitrary, so I'd like some clarification to see if these decisions have some logic behind them, or if they're just more or less ad hoc.\nSo, generally there are two ways you might want to generate an ElementTree - one is via some kind of source stream, like a file, or other I\/O stream.  This is achieved via the parse() function, or the ElementTree.parse() class method.\nAnother way is to load the XML directly from a string object.  This can be done via the fromstring() function.  \nOkay, great.  Now, I would think these functions would basically be identical in terms of what they return - the difference between the two of them is basically the source of input (one takes a file or stream object, the other takes a plain string.)  Except for some reason the parse() function returns an ElementTree object, but the fromstring() function returns an Element object.  The difference is basically that the Element object is the root element of an XML tree, whereas the ElementTree object is sort of a \"wrapper\" around the root element, which provides some extra features.  You can always get the root element from an ElementTree object by calling getroot().\nStill, I'm confused why we have this distinction.  Why does fromstring() return a root element directly, but parse() returns an ElementTree object?  Is there some logic behind this distinction?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1617,"Q_Id":32620254,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm thinking the same as remram in the comments: parse takes a file location or a file object and preserves that information so that it can provide additional utility, which is really helpful. If parse did not return an ET object, then you would have to keep better track of the sources and whatnot in order to manually feed them back into the helper functions that ET objects have by default. In contrast to files, Strings- by definition- do not have the same kind of information attached from them, so you can't create the same utilities for them (otherwise there very well may be an ET.parsefromstring() method which would return an ET Object).\nI suspect this is also the logic behind the method being named parse instead of ET.fromfile(): I would expect the same object type to be returned from fromfile and fromstring, but can't say I would expect the same from parse (it's been a long time since I started using ET, so there's no way to verify that, but that's my feeling).\nOn the subject Remram raised of placing utility methods on Elements, as I understand the documentation, Elements are extremely uniformed when it comes to implementation. People talk about \"Root Elements,\" but the Element at the root of the tree is literally identical to all other Elements in terms of its class Attributes and Methods. As far as I know, Elements don't even know who their parent is, which is likely to support this uniformity. Otherwise there might be more code to implement the \"root\" Element (which doesn't have a parent) or to re-parent subelements. It seems to me that the simplicity of the Element class works greatly in its favor. So it seems better to me to leave Elements largely agnostic of anything above them (their parent, the file they come from) so there can't be any snags concerning 4 Elements with different output files in the same tree (or the like).\nWhen it comes to implementing the module inside of code, it seems to me that the script would have to recognize the input as a file at some point, one way or another (otherwise it would be trying to pass the file to fromstring). So there shouldn't arise a situation in which the output of parse should be unexpected such that the ElementTree is assumed to be an Element and processed as such (unless, of course, parse was implemented without the programmer checking to see what parse did, which just seems like a poor habit to me).","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python","A_Id":37981930,"CreationDate":"2015-09-16T23:15:00.000","Title":"Python ElementTree: ElementTree vs root Element","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm facing a new problem.\nI'm writing a scraper for a website, usually for this kind of tasks I use selenium, but in this case I cannot use anything that simulate a web-browser.\nResearching on StackOverflow, I read the best solution is to undestand what javascript did and rebuild the request over HTTP.\nYeah, I understand well in theory, but don't know how to start, as I don't know well technologies involved. \nIn my specific case, some HTML is added to the page when the button is clicked. With developer tools I set a breakpoint on the 'click' event, but from here, I'm literally lost. \nAnyone can link some resource and examples I can study?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84,"Q_Id":32680534,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"In most cases, it is enougth to analyze the \"network\" tab of the developer tools and see the requests that are fired when you hit that button you metioned.  \nAs you understand those requests, you will be able to implement your scraper to run similar requests and grab the relevant data.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,browser,beautifulsoup,python-requests","A_Id":32680624,"CreationDate":"2015-09-20T14:35:00.000","Title":"Python - Rebuild Javascript generated code using Requests Module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've written a TLS parser library in C++ which now I need to write unit tests for. The library is simply fed the TLS data stream and it invokes various callbacks on certain events in TLS protocol. I'm searching for a Python implementation of TLS protocol for both client and server sides which allow me to create several deterministic and reproducible TLS data connections with parameters of my choosing (cipher suites, certificates, transmitting different TLS protocol messages, etc) and simultaneously dump the traffic in a raw binary file.\nDoes twisted allow me to create such test setup and if so is there any code sample available to help me jump start this project?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":80,"Q_Id":32794943,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Ultimately Twisted will just speak TLS to a Transport and dump bytes into it; you can specify a pyOpenSSL context object configured however you like.  So this is really more of a question about pyOpenSSL or Cryptography.\nThe TLS handshake generally involves generating random data (session keys) at various points.  While I think it is probably possible to make OpenSSL do something completely deterministic by plugging in a special ENGINE that generates non-random random data, this is a use-case that the Twisted TLS toolchain is definitely not geared towards.  (For example, randomness is always global in OpenSSL, even though the other parts of the SSL stack are local to the SSL_CTX.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssl,automated-tests,twisted","A_Id":32816518,"CreationDate":"2015-09-26T07:57:00.000","Title":"Create a controlled TLS conversation in Python twisted and store it to be used as test data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to know if there is a response from requests.get(url) when the page is fully loaded. I did tests with around 200 refreshes of my page and it happens randomly that once or twice the page does not load the footer.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":522,"Q_Id":32796751,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First requests GET will return you the entire page but requests is no a browser, it does not parse the content.\nWhen you load a page with the browser, it does usually 10-50 requests for each resource, runs the JavaScript, ....","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-requests,loaded","A_Id":32796957,"CreationDate":"2015-09-26T11:35:00.000","Title":"Detect page is fully loaded using requests library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Selenium to navigate a webpage. To analyze the elements and data, I use BeautifulSoup because of the excellent options they give, including searching with regex.\nSo now I have an element located in BeautifulSoup. I want to select it in Selenium.\nI figured I could somehow pass a XPath or CSS selector from the BeautifulSoup element to the Selenium element.\nIs there a direct way of going from a BeautifulSoup element to Selenium element?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":386,"Q_Id":32813646,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"These are completely different tools that, in general, cannot be considered alternatives, though they somewhat cross on the \"Locating Elements\" front. The located elements though are very different - one is a Tag instance in BeautifulSoup and the other one is a webdriver WebElement instance that can actually be interacted with it is \"live\".\nBoth tools support CSS selectors. The support is quite different, but if you don't go in depth with things like multiple attribute checks (a[class*=test1][class^=test] - not gonna work in BeautifulSoup, for instance), nth-child, nth-of-type, going sideways with + etc, you can assume things are gonna work on both ends.\nPlease add examples of the elements you want to correlate and we can work through them.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,beautifulsoup","A_Id":32815252,"CreationDate":"2015-09-27T22:49:00.000","Title":"Send element from BeautifulSoup to Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I should preface this post by saying that I am a very elementary developer with a generic IS degree. Without going into too much detail, I was given a moderately large web application from an interning software engineer to support an enhance if need be. It was written primarily in Python, JavaScript and HTML5 and utilizes a Google Map API to visually represent the location and uses of given inputs. This leads me to my question.\nThere is a date picker modal that the application\/user utilizes. They pick a START and END date, in the default format YYYY-MM-DD (if the user does not use that exact format (i.e. 2015-09-29) the date picker will not work), and the application then goes to the DB and picks the given inputs between those dates and represents them on the map. I have been told that, for usability, I have to make the program accept multiple date formats (i.e. September 29 2015, 09-29-2015, 9-29-2015, 9\/29\/2015). How would I go about doing this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":163,"Q_Id":32847487,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use Javascript to give the user the feedback that the correct format(s) is being used. But if you are taking any data to your server be sure verify the data on the server. \nTo verify the correct dataformat you can use Regular expressions and check if any format is correct. You should iterate through all allowed possibilities until one is found correct.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,date,web,format","A_Id":32847574,"CreationDate":"2015-09-29T15:04:00.000","Title":"javascript accepting multiple date format","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Rethinkdb IO reaches 100% whenever there is a data upload. The load reaches near about 50. Is this a common phenomenon, or do we need to do some optimizations here?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":86,"Q_Id":32860932,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"RethinkDB uses a blocker pool to do IO.  On Linux systems, each thread in this blocker pool contributes 1 to the load average while blocking on disk, so RethinkDB sometimes causes the system to report an extremely high load average even under normal load.\nUsing 100% of your disk throughput is a different story.  If you're running an IO-heavy workload on a slow disk, especially on a rotating drive, then that's pretty reasonable, but it does mean that you might have scaling problems if you want to do more disk-intensive operations.  If you start to have those scaling problems, probably the best solution would be to get a faster disk.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"io,rethinkdb,rethinkdb-python","A_Id":32872765,"CreationDate":"2015-09-30T08:03:00.000","Title":"Rethinkdb IO reaches 100%","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a scraper to pull search results from a number of travel websites. Now that I have the search results nicely displayed with \"Book Now\" buttons, I want those \"Book Now\" buttons to redirect to the specific search result so the user can book that specific travel search result. These search results are dynamic so the redirect may change.\nWhat's the easiest way to accomplish this? I'm building this search engine in Python\/Django and have Django CMS.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":32870164,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Are you storing the results in a database or some persistent storage mechanism (maybe even in a KV store)?\nOnce you hold the results somewhere on your website, you can redirect from your results page via the Book Now button to a view withs the result's identifying value (say some hash) and have that view redirect to the website offering the service.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,web-scraping,url-redirection","A_Id":32870284,"CreationDate":"2015-09-30T15:34:00.000","Title":"Redirect to a specific search result","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been learning about web scraping using BeautifulSoup in Python recently, but earlier today I was advised to consider using XPath expressions instead.\nHow does the way XPath and BeautifulSoup both work differ from each other?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4014,"Q_Id":32911933,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I would suggest bs4, its usage and docs were more friendly, will save your time and increase confidence which is very important when you are self learning string manipulation.\nHowever in practice, it will require a strong CPU. I once scrape with not more than 30 connections on my 1core VPS, and CPU usage of python process keeps at 100%. It could be result of bad implementation, but later I chaned all to re.compile and performance issue was gone.\nAs for performance, regex > lxml >> bs4. As for get things done, no difference.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,xpath,web-scraping,beautifulsoup","A_Id":32912192,"CreationDate":"2015-10-02T16:43:00.000","Title":"Pros and Cons of Python Web Scraping using BeautifulSoup vs XPath","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I made a website with many pages, on each page is a sample essay. The homepage is a page with a search field. I'm attempting to design a system where a user can type in a word and when they click 'search', multiple paragaphs containing the searched word from the pages with a sample essays are loaded on to the page.\nI'm 14 and have been programming for about 2 years, can anyone please explain to me the programming languages\/technologies I'll need to accomplish this task and provide suggestions as to how I can achieve my task.\nAll I have so far are the web pages with articles and a custom search page I've made with PHP. Any suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":32913859,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The programing language does not realy matter for the way to solve the problem. You can implement it in the language which you are comfortable with.\nThere are two basic ways to solve the problem:\n\nUse a crawler which creates a index of words found on the different pages\nThe use that index to lookup the searched word\n\nor\n\nWhen the user has entered the search expression, you start crawling the pages and look if the search expression is found\n\nOf course both solutions will have different (dis)advantages\nFor example:\nIn 1) you need to do a inital crawl (and udate it later on when the pages change)\nIn 1) you need to store the crawl result in some sort of database\nIn 1) you will receive instanst search results\nIn 2) You don't need a database\/datastore\nIn 2) You will have to wait until all pages are searched before showing the final resultlist","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,php,python,html,mysql","A_Id":32915448,"CreationDate":"2015-10-02T18:46:00.000","Title":"Creating a webpage crawler that finds and maches user input","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using Selenium with PhantomJS in order to scrape a dynamic website with infinite scroll.\nIt's working but my teacher suggested to use a mobile phantom driver in order to get the mobile version of the website. With the mobile version I expect to see less Ads or JavaScript and retrieve the information faster.\nThere is any \"phantom mobile driver\"?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":370,"Q_Id":32952744,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"There is no such thing as a \"phantom mobile driver\".\nYou can change the user agent string and the viewport\/window size in order to suggest to the website to deliver the same markup that a mobile client would receive.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,mobile,selenium-webdriver,phantomjs","A_Id":32953131,"CreationDate":"2015-10-05T15:54:00.000","Title":"Is it possibile to use PhantomJS like a mobile driver in Selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to work with a very huge page (there are a lot of elements, really) with selenium and Chromedriver. After navigation happened and page loaded test gets hung for more than 2 hours. Chrome is consuming 100 % CPU during this process. I suspect it to parse the loaded page. \nIs there a way to avoid or handle it somehow? (I know that the page should not be that huge, but it is a different story)\nThanks in advance for your help.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":224,"Q_Id":32994489,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"All, thanks for your help. I found the root cause. Actually the problem was with non optimal usage of find_elements. \nEven when it is called once it executes for ages. Replaced with a workaround using find_element and it started to work. The workaround is fragile, but it's better than nothing.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":32999196,"CreationDate":"2015-10-07T14:07:00.000","Title":"Chromedriver works with page for too long","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am implementing selenium and i have already included \"from selenium import webdriver\" but still getting this error \n\n\"ImportError: cannot import name webdriver\"\n\nAny idea how to resolve this error?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1185,"Q_Id":33009532,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Cross check your language binding, check with older versions","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":33010025,"CreationDate":"2015-10-08T07:40:00.000","Title":"ImportError: cannot import name webdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This might be bad practice so forgive me, but when python ends on non telnet lib exception or a non paramiko (SSH) exception, will the SSH or Telnet connection automatically close? Also, will sys.exit() close all connections that the script is using?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":702,"Q_Id":33017847,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, the system (Linux and Windows) keeps track of all of the resources your process uses. It can be files, mutexes, sockets, anything else. When process dies, all of the resources are freed. It doesn't really matter which programming language do you use and how you terminate your application.\nThere are several subtle exceptions for this rule like WAIT_CLOSE state for server sockets or resources held by zombie processes, but in general you can assume that whenever your process is terminated, all of the resources are freed.\nUPD. As it was mentioned in comments, OS cannot guarantee that the resources were freed properly. In network connections case it means that there are no guarantee that the FIN packet was sent, so although everything was cleaned up on your machine, the remote endpoint can still wait for data from you. Theoretically, it can wait infinitely long. So it is always better practice to use \"finally\" statement to notify the other endpoint about closing connection.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssh,telnet,paramiko","A_Id":33018073,"CreationDate":"2015-10-08T13:54:00.000","Title":"Does python automatically close SSH and Telnet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm having a problem with a Python script which should check if the user is connected to a wifi network with a captive portal. Specifically, the script is long-running, attempting to connect to example.org every 60 seconds.\nThe problem is that if the network starts offline (meaning the  wifi isn't connected at the start of the script), socket.getaddrinfo will always fail with the error \"Name or service not known\", even once the wifi is connected, until the Python script is restarted. (This isn't a DNS thing -- all requests fail.)\nBecause both urllib and requests use sockets, it's totally impossible to download an example page once Python gets into this state.\nIs there a way around this or a way to reset sockets so it works properly once the network fails?\nTo be clear, here's a repro:\n\nDisconnect wifi\nRun an interactive Python session\nimport urllib and urllib.open(\"http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\") -- fails as expected\nReconnect wifi\nurllib.open(\"http:\/\/example.com\/\")\n\nExpected: Returned HTML from example.com\nActual: socket.gaierror: [Errno -2] Name or service not known","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":302,"Q_Id":33042478,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"If you're not connected to an access point when running the script, and don't have an IP address assigned to your device socket.getaddrinfo will fail. Maybe it's still connecting when you run the script. The domain name cannot be resolved because you are not connected to the network, thus no DNS.\nDoes it fail when you're actually connected to the network? Does curl http:\/\/icanhazip.com work at the point when the script fails? Or if you run ifconfig does your device have an IP? (I'm assuming you're on a *nix box).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7","A_Id":33042717,"CreationDate":"2015-10-09T15:51:00.000","Title":"socket.getaddrinfo fails if network started offline","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on phylogenies by using Python libraries (Bio.Phylo and DendroPy).\nI have to import 2 trees in Newick format (this is obviously not the difficult part) and join them together, more precisely I have to add one tree at one tip\/leaf of another.\nI have tried with add_child and new_child methods from DendroPy, but without success.\nHow would I solve this issue?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":91,"Q_Id":33059170,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Without resorting to anything fancier than an editor\nyou could find your \"tip\" in tree1 and insert the string that is tree2 at that point.  (being nested sets and all)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,bioinformatics,phylogeny","A_Id":36169560,"CreationDate":"2015-10-10T21:31:00.000","Title":"Join 2 trees using Python (dendroPy or other libraries)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running a cron job which executes the python script for reading gmail (2 min interval). I have used imaplib for reading the new mails. This was working fine until yesterday. Suddenly its throwing below error\n\nimaplib.error: [AUTHENTICATIONFAILED] Invalid credentials (Failure)\n\nand sometimes i am getting the below error\n\nraise self.abort(bye[-1]) imaplib.abort: [UNAVAILABLE] Temporary System Error \n\nWhen i run the same script on a different machine. Its working fine. I am assuming that the host has been blacklisted or something like that. \nWhat are my options ? \nI cant generate the Credentials (Gmail API) as this is under company domain account.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23571,"Q_Id":33119667,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Thanks guys. Its working now. The issue was that the google blocked our network.. because of multiple attempts. I tried that unlock URL from a different URL and it didnt work. The catch is that, we have to run that URL in the machine where you are trying to run the script. Hope it may help someone :)","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,authentication,gmail-api,imaplib","A_Id":33492711,"CreationDate":"2015-10-14T07:53:00.000","Title":"reading gmail is failing with IMAP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running a cron job which executes the python script for reading gmail (2 min interval). I have used imaplib for reading the new mails. This was working fine until yesterday. Suddenly its throwing below error\n\nimaplib.error: [AUTHENTICATIONFAILED] Invalid credentials (Failure)\n\nand sometimes i am getting the below error\n\nraise self.abort(bye[-1]) imaplib.abort: [UNAVAILABLE] Temporary System Error \n\nWhen i run the same script on a different machine. Its working fine. I am assuming that the host has been blacklisted or something like that. \nWhat are my options ? \nI cant generate the Credentials (Gmail API) as this is under company domain account.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23571,"Q_Id":33119667,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Got the same error and it was fixed by getting the new google app password. Maybe this will work for someone","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,authentication,gmail-api,imaplib","A_Id":41952132,"CreationDate":"2015-10-14T07:53:00.000","Title":"reading gmail is failing with IMAP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running a cron job which executes the python script for reading gmail (2 min interval). I have used imaplib for reading the new mails. This was working fine until yesterday. Suddenly its throwing below error\n\nimaplib.error: [AUTHENTICATIONFAILED] Invalid credentials (Failure)\n\nand sometimes i am getting the below error\n\nraise self.abort(bye[-1]) imaplib.abort: [UNAVAILABLE] Temporary System Error \n\nWhen i run the same script on a different machine. Its working fine. I am assuming that the host has been blacklisted or something like that. \nWhat are my options ? \nI cant generate the Credentials (Gmail API) as this is under company domain account.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23571,"Q_Id":33119667,"Users Score":24,"Answer":"Some apps and devices use less secure sign-in technology. So we need to enable Less secure app access option from gmail account.\nSteps:\n\nLogin into Gmail\nGo to Google Account\nNavigate to Security section\nTurn on access for Less secure app access\n\nBy following above steps, issue will be resolved.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python,authentication,gmail-api,imaplib","A_Id":60630329,"CreationDate":"2015-10-14T07:53:00.000","Title":"reading gmail is failing with IMAP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to create multiple sockets between all users. \nSo how can i pass key and ID such as the server is divided in seprated windows.\nThank You.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":141,"Q_Id":33126905,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You do exactly that: you [can] pass around keys and make them show up in separate windows.\nFrom the way you've phrased your question, you appear new to streams\/sockets. I'd recommend you first start with one socket and make a chat application so you can get a feel for how to develop protocols which let you do that.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,ios,objective-c,xcode,socketrocket","A_Id":33127431,"CreationDate":"2015-10-14T13:37:00.000","Title":"SocketRocket (iOS) : How to identify whom user are chatting with another?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I`m trying to use the oslo config package. But I found that someone is using this package like this\n\nimport oslo.config\n\nwhile some others using it like this\n\nimport oslo_config\n\nI`m confused , can anyone tell me what is the difference between this two package? \nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":363,"Q_Id":33205691,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The oslo namespace package is deprecated, you can see nothing in \/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist_packages\/oslo, except middle directory, after oslo.config is installed. so use oslo_config instead when you want to import something.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oslo","A_Id":34715692,"CreationDate":"2015-10-19T02:27:00.000","Title":"what is the different between oslo.config and oslo_config?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new in python and websocket programmer.\nI want to sent data that was encrypted with RSA key (in Python) through websocket to server in cloud (using nodeJs). For decrypt that data I need that key, right? \nHow I can sent RSA to server and use that key to decrypt? \nThankyou","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":120,"Q_Id":33210021,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You haven't provided information on how you are encrypting your data. But you should never send the private keys over the network. Never. Doing that is as secure as locking your house but leave the key in the keyhole. If you've done it even once, throw the key away and generate a new one.\nThe strength of RSA comes from the fact that anyone holding the public key can encrypt data, but only the one holding the private keys can decrypt. Think of it as an old video store's return box: any costumer can put the videos in it through the hole, but only the store staff can take the videos from it.\nWhat you want to do is:\n\nGenerate the keys on the server \nClient call the server and grab the public key\nClient encrypt data using the retrieved public key\nClient send encrypted data to server.\nServer decrypt it using the private key","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,encryption,autobahn","A_Id":33211565,"CreationDate":"2015-10-19T08:38:00.000","Title":"Sent RSA Key Through Autobahn","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing some test cases in the Robot Framework using Ride. I can run the tests on both Chrome and Firefox, but for some reason Internet Explorer is not working.\nI have tested with the iedriverServer.exe (32bit version 2.47.0.0).\nOne thing to add is that I am using a proxy. When I disable the proxy in IE and enable the automatic proxy configuration... IE can start up. But it can not load the website. For Chrome and FF the proxy is working fine.\nError message:\nWebDriverException: Message: Can not connect to the IEDriver.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5285,"Q_Id":33212370,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I have also encountered the same problem.Below are the steps which i have followed.\n1.I have enabled the proxy in IE.\n2.Set environmental variable no_proxy to 127.0.0.1 before launching the browser\nEx: Set Environmental Variable no_proxy 127.0.0.1\n3.Set all the internet zones to same level(medium to high) expect restricted sites\nOpen browser>Tools>Internet Options>Security Tab\n4.Enable \"Enable Protected mode\" in all zones\nPlease let me know your feedback.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,internet-explorer,internet-explorer-11,robotframework","A_Id":35595207,"CreationDate":"2015-10-19T10:42:00.000","Title":"Robot Framework Internet explorer not opening","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm quite new to whole Selenim thing and I have a simple question.\nWhen I run tests (Django application) on my local machine, everything works great. But how this should be done on server? There is no X, so how can I start up webdriver there? What's the common way?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":63,"Q_Id":33231156,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I suggest you use a continuous integration solution like Jenkins to run your tests periodically.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":33231191,"CreationDate":"2015-10-20T08:01:00.000","Title":"Selenium on server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I used requests to login to a website using the correct credentials initially. Then I tried the same with some invalid username and password. I was still getting response status of 200. I then understood that the response status tells if the corresponding webpage has been hit or not. So now my doubt is how to verify if I have really logged in to the website using correct credentials","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":33236054,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"HTTP status codes are usually meant for the browsers, or in case of APIs for the client talking to the server. For normal web sites, using status codes for semantical error information is not really useful. Overusing the status codes there could even cause the browser to not render responses correctly.\nSo for normal HTML responses, you would usually expect a code 200 for almost everything.\nIn order to check for errors, you will then have to check the\u2014application specific\u2014error output from the HTML response. A good way to find out about these signs is to just try logging in from the browser with invalid credentials and then check what output is rendered. Or as many sites also show some kind of user menu once you\u2019re logged in, check for its existence to figure out if you\u2019re logged in. And when it\u2019s not there, the login probably failed.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":33236211,"CreationDate":"2015-10-20T11:58:00.000","Title":"How to verify that we have logged in correctly to a website using requests in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I used requests to login to a website using the correct credentials initially. Then I tried the same with some invalid username and password. I was still getting response status of 200. I then understood that the response status tells if the corresponding webpage has been hit or not. So now my doubt is how to verify if I have really logged in to the website using correct credentials","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":33236054,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What status code the site responds with depends entirely on their implementation; you're more likely to get a non-200 response if you're attempting to log in to a web service. If a login attempt yielded a non-200 response on a normal website, it'd require a special handler on their end, as opposed to a 200 response with a normal page prompting you (presumably a human user, not a script) with a visual cue indicating login failure.\nIf the site you're logging into returns a 200 regardless of success or failure, you may need to use something like lxml or BeautifulSoup to look for indications of success or failure (which presumably you'll be using already to process whatever it is you're logging in to access).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":33236191,"CreationDate":"2015-10-20T11:58:00.000","Title":"How to verify that we have logged in correctly to a website using requests in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to list name of users who tweeted with given keyword along with count of tweets from them ?\nI am using python and tweepy.\nI used tweepy to list JSON result in a file  by filter(track[\"keyword\"])\nbut doesn't know how to list users who tweeted given keyword.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":578,"Q_Id":33273885,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Once your data has been loaded into JSON format, you can access the username by calling tweet['user']['screen_name']. Where tweet is whatever varibale you have assigned that holds the JSON object for that specific tweet.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,twitter,tweepy,twitter-streaming-api","A_Id":33290201,"CreationDate":"2015-10-22T05:22:00.000","Title":"how to list all users who tweeted a given keyword using twitter api and tweepy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a python script to grab my bank account details using urllib. \nTo access the login page, there is a hyperlink button present on the page. How can I get my script to click that button or indeed bypass it?\nPlease, any help me on this would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1484,"Q_Id":33279279,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Using urllib you can't perform a click on an <a> tag. You may want to look into selenium-webdriver for that matter.\nYou can fetch its href attribute value and then call the urllib.urlopen(path) function (make sure path variable contains the full path and not the relative path).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,urllib","A_Id":33279321,"CreationDate":"2015-10-22T10:51:00.000","Title":"Python: Clicking a hyperlink button with urllib","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a python script to grab my bank account details using urllib. \nTo access the login page, there is a hyperlink button present on the page. How can I get my script to click that button or indeed bypass it?\nPlease, any help me on this would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1484,"Q_Id":33279279,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I want to add to Jason's answer that if you're going to pass login data you might want to step away from urllib and use requests.\nI would find the url of the page that has the login form and use requests there.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,urllib","A_Id":33279434,"CreationDate":"2015-10-22T10:51:00.000","Title":"Python: Clicking a hyperlink button with urllib","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a s3 bucket with a file in it and while retrieving file from s3 bucket, I want to check if it is retrieved from the source I am expecting from and not from some man-in-the-middle thingy. What is the best way to do that? Something with Authentication header may be or associate with key?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":60,"Q_Id":33290705,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You use HTTPS.  \nSSL certificates not only serve as a public key for encryption, they are also signed by a trusted certificate authority and confirm that the server you intended to contact possesses a certificate (and has the correlated private key) that matches the hostname you used when you made the contact.  A properly-configured client will refuse to communicate over HTTPS with a server presenting a certificate with a mismatched hostname, or a certificate signed by an untrusted\/unknown certificate authority.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3","A_Id":33291826,"CreationDate":"2015-10-22T21:03:00.000","Title":"python : signature matching aws s3 bucket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an EC2 instance and an S3 bucket in different region. The bucket contains some files that are used regularly by my EC2 instance.\nI want to programatically download the files on my EC2 instance (using python)\nIs there a way to do that?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6069,"Q_Id":33298821,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As mentioned above, you can do this with Boto. To make it more secure and not worry about the user credentials, you could use IAM to grant the EC2 machine access to the specific bucket only. Hope that helps.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,amazon-ec2,amazon-iam","A_Id":33375622,"CreationDate":"2015-10-23T09:17:00.000","Title":"Access to Amazon S3 Bucket from EC2 instance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My basic problem is that I am looking for a way for multiple clients to connect to a server over the internet, and for the server to be able to tell if those clients are online or offline.\nMy current way of doing this is a python socket server, and python clients, which send the server a small message every 2 seconds. The server checks each client to see if it has received such a message in the last 5 seconds, and if not, the client is marked as offline.\nHowever, I feel that is is probably not the best way of doing this, and even if it is, there might be a library that does this for me. I have looked for such a library but have come up empty handed.\nDoes anyone know of a better way of doing this, or a library which can automatically check the status of multiple connected clients?\nNote: by \"offline\", I mean that the client could be powered off, network connection disconnected or program quit.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1192,"Q_Id":33307845,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Assuming you are not after ping from server to client. I believe that your approach is fine. Very ofther server will not be able to hit client but it works otherway around. You may run out of resources if you have many connected clients.\nAlso over this established channel you can send other data\/metrics and boom monitoring was born ;-) IF you send other data you will probably reliaze you don't need to send data every 2 secs but only if no other data was sent - boom FIX works this way ( and many other messaging protocol) \nWhat you may like is something like kafka that will transport the messages for you there are other messaging protocols too.. and they scale better then if you just connect all client(assuming you have many of them) \nHappy messaging","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,server,client,disconnect","A_Id":33307987,"CreationDate":"2015-10-23T17:04:00.000","Title":"Python client-server - tell if client offline","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Am I able to send and receive data (therefore, to use sendto and recvfrom methods) via the same UDP socket simultaneously in Python?\nI need to listen for new packets while sending some data to previous clients from another thread.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":583,"Q_Id":33310292,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Yes, UDP sockets are bidirectional.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":33310427,"CreationDate":"2015-10-23T19:45:00.000","Title":"Am I able to send and receive data via the same UDP socket simultaneously","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to extract the data from webpage after log in. To log in website, i can see the token (authenticity_token) in Form Data section. It seems, token   generating automatically.I am trying to get token values but no luck.Please anyone help me on this,how to get the token value while sending the post requests.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":70,"Q_Id":33321076,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to get the response from the page then regex match for token.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,session,cookies,python-requests","A_Id":33321212,"CreationDate":"2015-10-24T17:19:00.000","Title":"How to get token value while sending post requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to extract the data from webpage after log in. To log in website, i can see the token (authenticity_token) in Form Data section. It seems, token   generating automatically.I am trying to get token values but no luck.Please anyone help me on this,how to get the token value while sending the post requests.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":70,"Q_Id":33321076,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"token value is stored in the cookie file..check the cookie file and extract the value from it..\nfor example,a cookie file after login contain jsession ID=A01~xxxxxxx\nwhere 'xxxxxxx' is the token value..extract this value..and post this value","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,session,cookies,python-requests","A_Id":37413165,"CreationDate":"2015-10-24T17:19:00.000","Title":"How to get token value while sending post requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am experiencing a once per 60-90 minute spike in traffic that's causing my Heroku app to slow to a crawl for the duration of the spike - NewRelic is reporting response times of 20-50 seconds per request, with 99% of that down to the Heroku router queuing requests up. The request count goes from an average of around 50-100rpm up to 400-500rpm\nLooking at the logs, it looks to me like a scraping bot or spider trying to access a lot of content pages on the site. However it's not all coming from a single IP.\nWhat can I do about it?\nMy sysadmin \/ devops skills are pretty minimal.\nGuy","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46,"Q_Id":33345960,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have your host based firewall throttle those requests. Depending on your setup, you can also add Nginx in to the mix, which can throttle requests too.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"heroku,python-requests","A_Id":33346079,"CreationDate":"2015-10-26T12:30:00.000","Title":"How to deal with excessive requests on heroku","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Python v2.7 on Win 7 PC.\nI have my robot connected to computer and COM 4 pops out in device manager. My plan is to send API to robot through COM 4.\nHere is the question, how could python identify which serial port is for which device? So far, I can list all the available ports in python, but I need to specifically talk to COM 4 to communicate with robot.\nAs a newie, any help would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":64,"Q_Id":33354977,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"ser = serial.Serial(3)   # open COM 4\nprint ser.name    # check which sport was really used and 'ser' is the serial object\nHere is the python code to open specific serial port.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":33374589,"CreationDate":"2015-10-26T20:28:00.000","Title":"Serial Port Identity in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using the Boto 3 python library, and want to connect to AWS CloudFront.\nI need to specify the correct AWS Profile (AWS Credentials), but looking at the official documentation, I see no way to specify it.\nI am initializing the client using the code:\nclient = boto3.client('cloudfront')\nHowever, this results in it using the default profile to connect.\nI couldn't find a method where I can specify which profile to use.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":163599,"Q_Id":33378422,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"Just add profile to session configuration before client call.\nboto3.session.Session(profile_name='YOUR_PROFILE_NAME').client('cloudwatch')","Q_Score":214,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto3,amazon-iam,amazon-cloudfront","A_Id":57297264,"CreationDate":"2015-10-27T21:02:00.000","Title":"How to choose an AWS profile when using boto3 to connect to CloudFront","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've written my own mail.py module in spider (anaconda). I want to import this py file in other python (spider) files just by 'import mail'\nI searched on the internet and couldn't find a clearly solution.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":43941,"Q_Id":33409424,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"when calling any function from another file, it should be noted to not import any library inside the function","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,anaconda","A_Id":64629354,"CreationDate":"2015-10-29T08:39:00.000","Title":"Import own .py files in anaconda spyder","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've written my own mail.py module in spider (anaconda). I want to import this py file in other python (spider) files just by 'import mail'\nI searched on the internet and couldn't find a clearly solution.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0285636566,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":43941,"Q_Id":33409424,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Searched for an answer for this question to. To use a .py file as a import module from your main folder, you need to place both files in one folder or append a path to the location. If you storage both files in one folder, then check the working directory in the upper right corner of the spyder interface. Because of the wrong working directory you will see a ModuleNotFoundError.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,anaconda","A_Id":69061619,"CreationDate":"2015-10-29T08:39:00.000","Title":"Import own .py files in anaconda spyder","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've written my own mail.py module in spider (anaconda). I want to import this py file in other python (spider) files just by 'import mail'\nI searched on the internet and couldn't find a clearly solution.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":43941,"Q_Id":33409424,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are many options, e.g.\n\nPlace the mail.py file alongside the other python files (this works because the current working dir is on the PYTHONPATH.\nSave a copy of mail.py in the anaconda python environment's \"\/lib\/site-packages\" folder so it will be available for any python script using that environment.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,anaconda","A_Id":33413809,"CreationDate":"2015-10-29T08:39:00.000","Title":"Import own .py files in anaconda spyder","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've written my own mail.py module in spider (anaconda). I want to import this py file in other python (spider) files just by 'import mail'\nI searched on the internet and couldn't find a clearly solution.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0855049882,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":43941,"Q_Id":33409424,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I had the same problem, my files were in same folder, yet it was throwing an error while importing the \"to_be_imported_file.py\".\nI had to run the \"to_be_imported_file.py\" seperately before importing it to another file.\nI hope it works for you too.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,anaconda","A_Id":56931134,"CreationDate":"2015-10-29T08:39:00.000","Title":"Import own .py files in anaconda spyder","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Anyone who knows the port and host of a HBase Thrift server, and who has access to the network, can access HBase. This is a security risk. How can the client access to the HBase Thrift server be made secure?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":929,"Q_Id":33446872,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"My sysadmin told me that in theory he could install an HBase Thrift Server on one of the Hadoop edge nodes that are blocked off, and only open the port to my server via ACLs. He however has no intention of doing this (and I do not either). As this is not a suitable answer I'll leave the question open.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,hbase,thrift,happybase","A_Id":35449021,"CreationDate":"2015-10-31T00:46:00.000","Title":"How to secure client connections to an HBase Thrift Server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have made a simple IRC bot for myself in python which works great, but now some friends has asked me if the bot can join their IRC channel too. Their IRC channels are very active, it is Twitch chat(IRC wrapper), which means a lot of messages. I want them to use my bot, but I have no idea how it will perform, this is my first bot I've made.  \nRight now my code is like this:\nConnect to IRC server & channel\n while true:\n     Receive data from the socket (4096, max data to be received at once)\n     do something with data received\nWhat changes should I do to make it perform better?\n1. Should I have a sleep function in the loop?\n2. Should I use threads?\n3. Any general dos and don'ts?      \nThank you for reading my post.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":186,"Q_Id":33447032,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Threading is one option but it doesn't scale beyond a certain point (google Python GIC limitation).  Depending on how much scaling you want to do, then you need to do multi-process (launch multiple instances).\nOne pattern is to have a pool of worker threads that process a queue of things to do.  There's a lot of overhead to creating and destroying threads in most languages.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,performance,scaling,bots,irc","A_Id":33447076,"CreationDate":"2015-10-31T01:13:00.000","Title":"IRC Bot, performance and scaling","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"OK, I am trying to use client certificates to authenticate a python client to an Nginx server. Here is what I tried so far:\nCreated a local CA\n\nopenssl genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 4096\nopenssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca.key -out ca.crt\n\nCreated server key and certificate\n\nopenssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024\nopenssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key\nopenssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr\nopenssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -set_serial 01 -out server.crt\n\nUsed similar procedure to create a client key and certificate\n\nopenssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 1024\nopenssl rsa -in client.key -out client.key\nopenssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr\nopenssl x509 -req -days 365 -in client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -set_serial 01 -out client.crt\n\nAdd these lines to my nginx config\n\nserver {\n    listen 443;\n    ssl on;\n    server_name dev.lightcloud.com;\n    keepalive_timeout 70;\n\n    access_log \/usr\/local\/var\/log\/nginx\/lightcloud.access.log;\n    error_log \/usr\/local\/var\/log\/nginx\/lightcloud.error.log;\n\n    ssl_certificate \/Users\/wombat\/Lightcloud-Web\/ssl\/server.crt;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/Users\/wombat\/Lightcloud-Web\/ssl\/server.key;\n    ssl_client_certificate \/Users\/wombat\/Lightcloud-Web\/ssl\/ca.crt;\n    ssl_verify_client on;\n\n    location \/ {\n        uwsgi_pass unix:\/\/\/tmp\/uwsgi.socket;\n        include uwsgi_params;\n    }\n}\n\ncreated a PEM client file\ncat client.crt client.key ca.crt > client.pem\ncreated a test python script\n\nimport ssl\nimport http.client\n\ncontext = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)\ncontext.load_verify_locations(\"ca.crt\")\ncontext.load_cert_chain(\"client.pem\")\n\nconn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(\"localhost\", context=context)\nconn.set_debuglevel(3)\n\nconn.putrequest('GET', '\/')\nconn.endheaders()\nresponse = conn.getresponse()\nprint(response.read())\n\nAnd now I get 400 The SSL certificate error from the server. What am I doing wrong?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":16933,"Q_Id":33504746,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"It seems that my problem was that I did not create the CA properly and wasn't signing keys the right way. A CA cert needs to be signed and if you pretend to be top level CA you self-sign your CA cert.\n\nopenssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout ca.key -out ca.pem\nopenssl ca -create_serial -out cacert.pem -days 365 -keyfile ca.key -selfsign -infiles ca.pem\n\nThen you use ca command to sign requests\n\nopenssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024\nopenssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr\nopenssl ca -out server.pem -infiles server.csr","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,ssl,nginx","A_Id":33526221,"CreationDate":"2015-11-03T16:50:00.000","Title":"Doing SSL client authentication is python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm having trouble importing tweepy. I've looked through so many previous questions and still can't find a correct solution. I think it has something to do with how tweepy is being downloaded when I install but I'm not sure. I get an import error saying that \"tweepy is not a package\". \nI have tweepy library connected to the interpreter and all that but, it is saved as a compressed EGG file instead of a file folder like the rest of my packages. I think that has something to do with it but I'm not too sure.\nAlso, tweepy works in my command line but not in eclipse.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":321,"Q_Id":33508572,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you recently installed the package maybe just reconfigure your pydev (Window->Preferences->PyDev->Interpreters->Python Interpreter: Quick Auto Configure).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,eclipse,tweepy","A_Id":33510764,"CreationDate":"2015-11-03T20:35:00.000","Title":"Python import error in eclipse (Package works in command line but not eclipse)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I use Selenium I can see the Browser GUI, is it somehow possible to do with scrapy or is scrapy strictly command line based?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1636,"Q_Id":33510814,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Scrapy by itself does not control browsers. \nHowever, you could start a Selenium instance from a Scrapy crawler. Some people design their Scrapy crawler like this. They might process most pages only using Scrapy but fire Selenium to handle some of the pages they want to process.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,scrapy","A_Id":33521521,"CreationDate":"2015-11-03T23:09:00.000","Title":"Can scrapy control and show a browser like Selenium does?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have searched for long time but I could not find how to disable cookies for phantomjs using selenium with python . I couldn't understand the documentation of phantomjs.Please someone help me.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":730,"Q_Id":33514313,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Documentation suggests this driver.cookies_enabled = False, you can use it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,cookies,phantomjs","A_Id":33516899,"CreationDate":"2015-11-04T05:26:00.000","Title":"disabling Cookies on phantomjs using selenium with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Selenium2Library '1.7.4' and Robot Framework 2.9.2 (Python 2.7.8 on win32). If I try to give locator as jQuery, the following exception occurs: WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: jQuery is not defined. Please advise which version of Selenium2Library and 'Robot Framework' combination works to identify jQuery as a locator.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4119,"Q_Id":33529029,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"From Selenium 3.0 - Gecko driver is required to run automation scripts in firefox\nSelenium version less than 3.0 works.\nTry with the following versions:\n\nrobotframework (3.0.2)\nrobotframework-selenium2library (1.8.0) \nselenium (2.53.1)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"jquery,python,selenium-webdriver,robotframework","A_Id":43115077,"CreationDate":"2015-11-04T18:09:00.000","Title":"WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: jQuery is not defined error in robot framework","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Im trying to open firefox console through Selenium with Python. How can I open firefox console with python selenium? Is it possible to send keys to the driver or something like that?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9299,"Q_Id":33546911,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This works:\nActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.F12).key_up(Keys.F12).perform()\nWithout firebug installed at least :)","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,firefox,selenium,firefox-developer-tools","A_Id":33547119,"CreationDate":"2015-11-05T14:19:00.000","Title":"How to open console in firefox python selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have access to a S3 bucket. I do not own the bucket. I need to check if new files were added to the bucket, to monitor it.\nI saw that buckets can fire events and that it is possible to make use of Amazon's Lambda to monitor and respond to these events. However, I cannot modify the bucket's settings to allow this.\nMy first idea was to sift through all the files and get the latest one. However, there are a lot of files in that bucket and this approach proved highly inefficient.\nConcrete questions:\n\nIs there a way to efficiently get the newest file in a bucket?\nIs there a way to monitor uploads to a bucket using boto?\n\nLess concrete question:\n\nHow would you approach this problem? Say you had to get the newest file in a bucket and print it's name, how would you do it?\n\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4530,"Q_Id":33551143,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You are correct that AWS Lambda can be triggered when objects are added to, or deleted from, an Amazon S3 bucket. It is also possible to send a message to Amazon SNS and Amazon SQS. These settings needs to be configured by somebody who has the necessary permissions on the bucket.\nIf you have no such permissions, but you have the ability to call GetBucket(), then you can retrieve a list of objects in the bucket. This returns up to 1000 objects per API call.\nThere is no API call available to \"get the newest files\".\nThere is no raw code to \"monitor\" uploads to a bucket. You would need to write code that lists the content of a bucket and then identifies new objects.\nHow would I approach this problem? I'd ask the owner of the bucket to add some functionality to trigger Lambda\/SNS\/SQS, or to provide a feed of files. If this wasn't possible, I'd write my own code that scans the entire bucket and have it execute on some regular schedule.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":33590521,"CreationDate":"2015-11-05T17:34:00.000","Title":"How to monitor a AWS S3 bucket with python using boto?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I use tornado websocket send\/recv message, the client send json message, and server recv message and json parse, but why the server get message which is mutil json message, such as {\"a\":\"v\"}{\"a\":\"c\"}, how to process this message","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":247,"Q_Id":33562499,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Maybe you should delimit the messages you send so it is easy to split them up - in this case you could add a \\n, obviously the delimiter mustn't happen within the message. Another way would be to prefix each message with its length in also a clearly-delimited way, then the receiver reads the length then that number of bytes and parses it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,websocket,tornado","A_Id":33562632,"CreationDate":"2015-11-06T08:32:00.000","Title":"tornado websocket get multi message when on_message called","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Running selenium tests in python and chrome. Between each test, it logs that its creating a new http connection. \nIs it possible to create a connection pool so that a new one isn't created for each test?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":433,"Q_Id":33568681,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Based on the low details provided on your question, and that you're mentioning that this happens only between tests, leads me to think that you have something in your setUp or tearDown methods.\nCheck what gets executed there and see whether that is the source of your problem.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,webdriver,chrome-web-driver","A_Id":33569953,"CreationDate":"2015-11-06T14:09:00.000","Title":"Connection pool for selenium in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I'm trying to get some data from a search engine. This search engine returns some results and then, after for example 2 seconds, it changes it's html and show some approximate results. \nI want to get these approximate results but that's the problem. I use requests.get which gets first response and does not wait those for example 2 seconds. So I'm curious if it is possible. \nI don't want to use a Selenium since it has to be as lite as possible because it will be a part of a web page. \nSo my question is: Is it possible to make requests.get wait for another data?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":455,"Q_Id":33570762,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No, since requests is just an HTTP client.\nIt looks like the page is being modified by JS after finishing other request. You should figure out, what request changes the page and use it (by network inspector in Chrome, for example).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,get,python-requests,wait","A_Id":33570899,"CreationDate":"2015-11-06T15:59:00.000","Title":"How to wait for a response","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can i use the command:\n\/python -m http.server and make the server reachable through my public ip? I know this is NOT safe, but I just wanna try some things out.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":74,"Q_Id":33597798,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use it as you normally do.\nYou'd connect to it by its external IP address. You might need to setup your router to allow that. Read up on port forwarding, for example.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x","A_Id":33597842,"CreationDate":"2015-11-08T19:01:00.000","Title":"Using command python -m http.server and make server reachable by public ip?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to run a diff mechanism on two HTML page sources to kick out all the generated data (like user session, etc.).\nI wondering if there is a python module that can do that diff  and return me the  element that contains the difference (So I will kick him in the rest of my code in another sources)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":308,"Q_Id":33608604,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use the difflib module. It's available as a part of standard python library.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,diff,lxml,difflib","A_Id":33608719,"CreationDate":"2015-11-09T11:58:00.000","Title":"How to diff between two HTML codes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Dear Test Automation Engineers,\nI am implementing Page Object Pattern in Python Language using Pycharm tool.\nMy concerns are followings:\n\nStructure of Project - 2 tier:\nUnder project folder: I want 2 packages(folder in python, pycharm): 1 folder should contain all tests to execute while other package should contain element locators blah blah etc [I would appreciate if you please share screenshot of structure heir-achy of project]\nI am facing problem in calling element locators from other package(folder)\nLocators should be page wise not complete locators of project in one file(it creates mess! - share best approaches)\n\nIMP: I don't want locators files(.py) and Testcases in one folder, should be in separate folders.\nI have gone through few examples on web but they are not 2-tier and don't follow Page object model structure project exactly.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":362,"Q_Id":33631661,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just to be clear, you'd like to use that package of locators and helpers on your current web app project and on future web app projects, right?\nIf so, then it's a case of Python Packaging. Not the simplest topic, but well-documented and very standard (nothing unique to PyCharm.)\nIf not, and you just want your current project to be able to import that folder, then you need to get that directory on your PYTHONPATH. In your PyCharm Run Configuration, add that path to the run configuration's PYTHONPATH.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver,automated-tests,pycharm,browser-automation","A_Id":33639639,"CreationDate":"2015-11-10T13:56:00.000","Title":"SeleniumWebdriver: Implement Page Object Pattern in Python using Pycharm tool","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When stepping thru the example python code for creating and retrieving data using the youtube-reporting-api, when I get to the retrieve_report.py code that prompts me to:\nPlease enter the report URL to download:\nWhat is supposed to be entered here? A specific example would be most helpful.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":356,"Q_Id":33660279,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Apologies, download url's are provided, not sure why it wasn't showing in the first place, maybe copy and pasted the code incorrectly.  It is displayed out of the retrieve_reports function.\nIt looks like the actual problem is that I did not read the docs thoroughly! reports are not available for 48 hours!\nIt would be nice if we had a development mode or something, pointing at non-prod youtube environment where we could get reports immediately, am I missing something that could provide this?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,youtube,youtube-api,youtube-analytics-api","A_Id":33699139,"CreationDate":"2015-11-11T21:35:00.000","Title":"youtube-reporting-api retrieve_reports.py \"report URL to download\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing some code to interact with an HP Helion Eucalyptus 4.2 cloud server. \nAt the moment I'm using boto 2.38.0, but I discovered that also exists \nthe boto3 version.\nWhich version should I use in order to keep the code up with the times?\nI mean, It seems that boto3's proposal is a ground-up rewrite more focused\non the \"official\" Amazon Web Services (AWS).","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":189,"Q_Id":33677594,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"2.38 is the right version. boto3 is something totally different and I don't have experience with it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,boto,eucalyptus","A_Id":33695098,"CreationDate":"2015-11-12T17:28:00.000","Title":"Proper version of boto for Eucalyptus cloud","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have 10+ test cases at the moment and planning on creating several more. That being said is there a way that I can modify the URL variable once and that would change the variable in all my other scripts? I have this in all my of test scripts:\nclass TestCase1(unittest.TestCase):\n    def setUp(self):\n        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()\n        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)\n        self.base_url = \"http:\/\/URL\"\n        self.verificationErrors = []\n        self.accept_next_alert = True\n\nI want to be able to be able to modify self.base_url = http:\/\/URL. But I don't want to have to do that 10+ times.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1381,"Q_Id":33678351,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are 2 good approaches to doing this,\n1) Using a Configuration Manager, a singleton object that stores all your settings.\n2) Using a basetest, a single base test that all your tests inherit from.\nMy preference is towards a Configuration Manager.  And within that configuration manager, you can put your logic for grabbing the base url form configuration files, system environments, command line params, etc...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,url,selenium","A_Id":36340048,"CreationDate":"2015-11-12T18:09:00.000","Title":"Python Selenium Having to Change URL Variable On All of My Test Cases","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If a socket program runs on a port(say 6053) and if the rule is not added in the firewall the functions recv read and recvfrom are blocked.\nHow do we check this in C or python and report Port not opened error on linux machines.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1294,"Q_Id":33692949,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Try to connect on that port using socket.connect(), if connection is not successful, then show message that Port not opened.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,c,sockets","A_Id":33693102,"CreationDate":"2015-11-13T12:37:00.000","Title":"How to know whether a port is open\/close in socket programming?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If a socket program runs on a port(say 6053) and if the rule is not added in the firewall the functions recv read and recvfrom are blocked.\nHow do we check this in C or python and report Port not opened error on linux machines.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1294,"Q_Id":33692949,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Tools like nmap can help in determining whether the particular port is open or closed.\nTCP :\nnmap uses techniques like TCP SYN scan or TCP Connect scan where the server will reply with ACK-RST packet for SYN request incase of closed port. You can notice  that, it is determined at the time of 3-way handshake (connection establishment) itself.\nUDP : nmap also facilitates the UDP scan, where ICMP based 'Port Unreachable' packet shall be returned in case the UDP packet arrives on a closed UDP port (This also depends on the stack in the OS). Unlike TCP, the UDP is not a connection-based protocol and ICMP is also connection-less, so you might need to send some significant number of UDP packets for a short interval and evaluate based on the responses or some similar logic.\nYou can arrive on similar technique\/logic and determine whether the particular port is open or closed and flash appropriate message for user.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,c,sockets","A_Id":33704573,"CreationDate":"2015-11-13T12:37:00.000","Title":"How to know whether a port is open\/close in socket programming?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a function that receives a graph as input.\nThe very first thing I need to do is determine the order of the graph (that is, the number of vertices in the graph).\nI mean, I could use g.summary() (which returns a string that includes the number of vertices), but then I'd have parse the string to get at the number of vertices -- and that's just nasty.\nTo get the number of edges I'm using len(g.get_edgelist()), which works. But there is no g.get_vertexlist(), so I can't use the same method.\nSurely there is an easy way to do this that doesn't involve parsing strings.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":18012,"Q_Id":33706378,"Users Score":25,"Answer":"g.vcount() is a dedicated function in igraph that returns the number of vertices. Similarly, g.ecount() returns the number of edges, and it is way faster than len(g.get_edgelist()) as it does not have to construct the full edge list in advance.","Q_Score":12,"Tags":"python,igraph","A_Id":33711279,"CreationDate":"2015-11-14T08:02:00.000","Title":"How do I find the number of vertices in a graph created by iGraph in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a script that is using the Live Connect REST APIs to refresh an OAuth 2.0 access token. The script has been working without problems for a couple of years, but recently broke with an apparent change in Live Connect API URLs.\nOriginally, I used these URLs to perform OAuth authentication:\n\n_https:\/\/login.live.com\/oauth20_authorize.srf\n_https:\/\/login.live.com\/oauth20_token.srf\n\nYesterday, when attempting to run the script I received the error:\nhostname 'login.live.com' doesn't match u'api.login.live.com'\nSo, I changed the url to \"api.login.live.com\" but then received a 404 during the request as _https:\/\/api.login.live.com\/oauth20_token.srf doesn't seem to exist.\nInterestingly, _https:\/\/login.live.com\/oauth20_token.srf does yield the expected result when accessed via the browser.\nAny ideas on what might be going on?\nPotentially interesting data:\n\nBrowser is Chrome running on Windows 10\nScript is written in Python 2.7 using the requests 1.0.4 package\n\n(Note that my reputation doesn't allow for more than 2 links, thus the funky decoration).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":148,"Q_Id":33712269,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Should someone find themselves in a similar situation, the fix was to add the parameter \"verify=False\" when calling requests.post.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oauth,live-sdk","A_Id":34280063,"CreationDate":"2015-11-14T19:13:00.000","Title":"Live Connect: Unable to refresh OAuth 2.0 token due to SSL and 404 Errors","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing a Python script but I need to include my public and secret Twitter API key for it to work. I'd like to make my project public but keep the sensitive information secret using Git and GitHub. Though I highly doubt this is possible, is there any way to block out that data in a GitHub public repo?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1206,"Q_Id":33729454,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Split them out into a configuration file that you don\u2019t include, or replace them with placeholders and don\u2019t commit the actual values, using git add -p. The first option is better.\nThe configuration file could consist of a basic .py file credentials.py in which you define the needed private credentials in any structure you consider best. (a dictionary would probably be the most suitable). \nYou can use the sensitive information by importing the structure in this file and accessing the contents. Others users using the code you have created should be advised to do so too.\nThe hiding of this content is eventually performed with your .gitignore file. In it, you simply add the filename in order to exclude it from being uploaded to your repository.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,git,github","A_Id":33729510,"CreationDate":"2015-11-16T06:16:00.000","Title":"GitHub public repo with sensitive information?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing a Python script but I need to include my public and secret Twitter API key for it to work. I'd like to make my project public but keep the sensitive information secret using Git and GitHub. Though I highly doubt this is possible, is there any way to block out that data in a GitHub public repo?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1206,"Q_Id":33729454,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The twitter API keys are usually held in a JSON file. So when your uploading your repository you can modify the .gitignore file to hide the .json files. What this does is it will not upload those files to the git repository.\nYour other option is obviously going for private repositories which will not be the solution in this case.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,git,github","A_Id":33729574,"CreationDate":"2015-11-16T06:16:00.000","Title":"GitHub public repo with sensitive information?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing a Python script but I need to include my public and secret Twitter API key for it to work. I'd like to make my project public but keep the sensitive information secret using Git and GitHub. Though I highly doubt this is possible, is there any way to block out that data in a GitHub public repo?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.1586485043,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1206,"Q_Id":33729454,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"No. Instead, load the secret information from a file and add that file to .gitignore so that it will not be a part of the repository.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,git,github","A_Id":33729502,"CreationDate":"2015-11-16T06:16:00.000","Title":"GitHub public repo with sensitive information?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Having file websocket_server.py and webscoket_service.py to run websocket I do python websocket_server.py\nHow show I configure custom file watcher so when I modify webscoket_service.py, my websocket server being restarted","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":96,"Q_Id":33755337,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can simply pass autoreload=True or debug=True (which does autoreload and some other things) to your Application constructor.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,websocket,tornado","A_Id":33763753,"CreationDate":"2015-11-17T11:05:00.000","Title":"Create file watcher that will restart websocket server when specific files modified","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm making my firs online game in python, I decided to use python because its simplicity using sockets. I need to find a method to coordinate all the existing game objects like players, items, monsters width the server and the client computers.\nMethod 1:\nMake every entity (player, monsters, NPC) to run in its own thread an use its own socket to communicate with the copies in the client computers. For example, if I am a player and attack a monster the monster will send the order to drain health points to its corresponding copie in each computer and the server.\nMethod 2:\nMake one socket handled by the main function, its purpose would be to get the messages sent by the clients and process them and send an answer. For example, A monster has 0 health points so that character should die, it sends a request to the server, the server analyzes the request and sends an answer to all the clients.\n\nI haven't finished any of these algorithms because I don't want to make useful code so that is why I am asking which of them is better.\nIf it is possible I would like you to recommend other methods.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":99,"Q_Id":33818028,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"run all the players in threads, and have central threads that monitor game logic, and monster activities. otherwise, if one of your clients disconnects, the whole game crashes","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,sockets","A_Id":65875300,"CreationDate":"2015-11-20T02:32:00.000","Title":"python online game using socket library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Everyone's code online refers to sudo apt-get #whatever# but windows doesn't have that feature. I heard of something called Powershell but I opened it and have no idea what it is. \nI just want to get a simple environment going and lxml so I could scrape from websites.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10453,"Q_Id":33818770,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Go to the regular command prompt and try pip install lxml. If that doesn't work, remove and reinstall python. You'll get a list of check marks during installation, make sure you check pip and try pip install lxml again afterwards.\npip stands for pip installs packages, and it can install some useful python packages for you.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,windows,lxml","A_Id":33818809,"CreationDate":"2015-11-20T04:01:00.000","Title":"No module named 'lxml' Windows 8.1","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on web socket application. From the front-end there would be single socket per application. But I am not sure about back-end. We are using Python and nginx with Flask-socketIO and socket-io client library. This architecture will be used to notify front-end that a change is occurred and it should update data. \nFollowing are my doubts -\nHow many sockets and threads will be created on server ?\nCan a socket be shared between different connection ?\nIs there any tool to analyze no of socket open ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":611,"Q_Id":33820103,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"How many sockets and threads will be created on server?\n\nAs many sockets as there are inbound connections. As for threads, it depends on your architecture. Could be one, could be same as sockets, could be in between, could be more. Unanswerable.\n\nCan a socket be shared between different connection?\n\nNo, of course not. The question doesn't make sense. A socket is an endpoint of a connection.\n\nIs there any tool to analyze no of socket open?\n\nThe netstat tool.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,node.js,sockets,nginx,socket.io","A_Id":33837539,"CreationDate":"2015-11-20T06:11:00.000","Title":"Socket server performance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"There is a netcdf file is in a remote server. What i want to do is that extracting data\/cropping the file (need only specific variable for specific period) and then moving the file into my local directory. \nWith python, I ve used 'paramiko' module to access the remote server; is there any way to use 'Dataset' command to open the netcdf file after ssh.connect? Or any solution with python is welcome, thanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":273,"Q_Id":33825080,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Solved: not by python modules\/functions, just by executing a 'common' netcdf function to extract subset files on a remote server command line (i.e. myssh.exec_command(\"ncea -v %s %s %s\" %(varname, remoteDBpath, remotesubsetpath) and them bring the files into a local server (i.e. myftp.get(remotesubsetpath, localsubsetpath).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssh,netcdf","A_Id":34001831,"CreationDate":"2015-11-20T11:02:00.000","Title":"How to subset NetCDF in a remote server and scp the subset file into a local server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to know if a key exists in boto3. I can loop the bucket contents and check the key if it matches.\nBut that seems longer and an overkill. Boto3 official docs explicitly state how to do this. \nMay be I am missing the obvious. Can anybody point me how I can achieve this.","AnswerCount":24,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0083331404,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":266735,"Q_Id":33842944,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Just following the thread, can someone conclude which one is the most efficient way to check if an object exists in S3? \nI think head_object might win as it just checks the metadata which is lighter than the actual object itself","Q_Score":283,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,boto3","A_Id":59685923,"CreationDate":"2015-11-21T11:46:00.000","Title":"check if a key exists in a bucket in s3 using boto3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to do some home\/life automation scripting and I'd like to be able to get the location of my Android phone through some API. This would be useful to do things such as turn on my home security camera, or to route my home calls to my phone if I'm away.\nThis would preferably a RESTful one, or an API with good Python interop.  However, I'm not averse to using any tool to get the job done. \nI considered checking my router to see if my phone was connected, which will work for some things, but it would hinder me in implementing other things.\nI know I could probably write an Android app that would phone home to do this, but I wanted to see if there were any alternatives first. My Google-Fu came up short on this one (if it exists).\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":58,"Q_Id":33881172,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"secrets of mobile hackers..what does google chrome use?\nGoogle uses three approaches..the third approach is your option find a site that does or allows triangulation involving using cell tower maps..\nOr lets see mobile web page to get location via google services and than hook that into your python script on the server side","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python","A_Id":33881298,"CreationDate":"2015-11-23T21:37:00.000","Title":"Android Phone Location API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have these values to connect to an IMAP sever:\n\nhostname\nusername\npassword\n\nI want to auto-detect the details with Python:\n\nport\nssl or starttls\n\nIf the port is one of the well-known port numbers there should be not too many possible combinations. \nTrying all would be a solution, but maybe there is a better way?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":237,"Q_Id":33946694,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You pretty much have to brute force it, but there's really only three setups, and it only requires two connects:\n\nFirst connect on port 993 with regular SSL\/TLS.    If this works: 993\/TLS. If this fails:\nConnect to port 143, and check if CAPABILITY STARTTLS exists.  If it does: try StartTLS.  If this works:   143\/STARTTLS.  Else:\nSee if you can log in on port 143.  if this fails, no good configuration.  This wouldn't be secure anyway, so should be discouraged.\n\nSMTP is a bit more complex:  You can try 587 with StartTLS, 465 with TLS, or 25 with StartTLS, plain, or no authentication at all.\nNote: autodetecting STARTTLS is dangerous, as it allows a MITM attack, where the attacker hides the STARTTLS capability so that you attempt to login without it.  You may want to ask the user if they wish to connect insecurely, or provide a 'disable security' setting that must be opted into.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,imap","A_Id":33947171,"CreationDate":"2015-11-26T20:42:00.000","Title":"Autodetect IMAP connection details","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way to have Boto seek for the configuration files other than the default location, which is ~\/.aws?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":13555,"Q_Id":33951619,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"It's not clear from the question whether you are talking about boto or boto3.  Both allow you to use environment variables to tell it where to look for credentials and configuration files but the environment variables are different.\nIn boto3 you can use the environment variable AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE to tell boto3 where your credentials file is (by default, it is in ~\/.aws\/credentials.  You can use AWS_CONFIG_FILE to tell it where your config file is (by default, it is in ~\/.aws\/config.\nIn boto, you can use BOTO_CONFIG to tell boto where to find its config file (by default it is in \/etc\/boto.cfg or ~\/.boto.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,boto,boto3","A_Id":33959240,"CreationDate":"2015-11-27T06:43:00.000","Title":"Boto3: Configuration file location","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm a super noob in python and oauth2 but still I've wasted days on this one, so if you guys could give me hand, I would be eternally grateful :')\nGoal: writing a script that download a file everything 5min from google drive\nAchieved: Get the credentials with tokens and download it once\nProblem: how do I refresh the token?\nI achieved to get my tokens once but I don't understand what to do so that I don't need to rebuild a refresh token eveytime...\nI don't really know if I'm getting oauth2 wrong, but I've read that it should be stored and (there is store method, right?)\nThanks :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":336,"Q_Id":34004281,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Okay, found it myself.\nYou gotta refresh you token everytime it expires, using httplib2.\nQuick hint:\nimport httplib2\nhttp = httplib2.Http()\nhttp = credentials.authorize(http)\nwhere credentials contains what you got from your first authorization flow.\nCheers","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oauth-2.0,token,google-api-python-client","A_Id":34023824,"CreationDate":"2015-11-30T17:19:00.000","Title":"Google API oauth2 - how to store credentials in order ot refresh token later","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am newbie in the real-time distributed search engine elasticsearch, but I would like to ask a technical question.\nI have written a python module-crawler that parses a web page and creates JSON objects with native information. The next step for my module-crawler is to store the native information, using the elasticsearch.\nThe real question is the following.\nWhich technique is better for my occasion? The elasticsearch RESTful API or the python API for elastic search (elasticsearch-py) ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":520,"Q_Id":34010978,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You may also try elasticsearch_dsl it is a high level wraper of elasticsearch.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api,rest,elasticsearch,elasticsearch-py","A_Id":45581138,"CreationDate":"2015-12-01T01:15:00.000","Title":"Elasticsearch HTTP API or python API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to get the XPATH for Code Generator field form (Facebook) in order to fill it (of course before I need to put a code with \"numbers\").\nIn Chrome console when I get the XPATH I get:\n\n\/\/*[@id=\"approvals_code\"]\n\nAnd then in my test I put:\n\nelem = driver.find_element_by_xpath(\"\/\/*[@id='approvals_code']\")\nif elem: elem.send_keys(\"numbers\")\n        elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)\n\nWith those I get:\n\nStaleElementReferenceException: Message: stale element reference: element is not attached to the page document\n\nWhat means wrong field name. Does anyone know how to properly get a XPATH?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":231,"Q_Id":34018450,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This error usually comes if element is not present in the DOM. \nOr may be element is in iframe.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,facebook,selenium,xpath","A_Id":34019477,"CreationDate":"2015-12-01T10:46:00.000","Title":"Python selenium test - Facebook code generator XPATH","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a script that worked away for 1hr to 1hr 18mins getting data from a web server until I got the error \n\nNewConnectionError(': Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 10060] A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond',)\n\nI'm using sessions and with requests.Session() as s: to reduce some of the overhead in my requests but is there more I can do as I still have more content to get but also don't want to get a permanent block","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":65,"Q_Id":34092384,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So I decided to tackle the problem a different way and run the script multiple times but use if not os.path.isfile(FileNameToWrite): from import os.path to check if I had already processed the webpage and saved it to a file. If not I submitted the requests and eventually got all the data I needed. \nIncidentally I ran the same original code on a faster machine and it encountered the error sooner but having still processed the same number of files which incorporated roughly over 1000 requests","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":34152881,"CreationDate":"2015-12-04T16:00:00.000","Title":"Is there a maximum period I should submit requests using python-requests to avoid blocking by the web server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a web scraper using Selenium for Python. The scraper is visiting the same sites many times per hour, therefore I was hoping to find a way to alter my IP every few searches. What is the best strategy for this (I am using firefox)? Is there any prewritten code\/a csv of IP addresses I can switch through? I am completely new to masking IP, proxies, etc. so please go easy on me!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7693,"Q_Id":34097386,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your ISP will assign you your IP address. If you sign up for something like hidemyass.com, they will probably provide you with an app that changes your proxy, although I don't know how they do it. \nBut, if they have an app that cycles you through various proxies, then all your internet traffic will go through that proxy - including your scraper. There's no need for the scraper to know about these proxies or how hide my ass works - it'll connect through the proxies just like your browser or FTP client or ....","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,selenium,web-scraping,ip","A_Id":39429048,"CreationDate":"2015-12-04T21:02:00.000","Title":"Selenium Python Changing IP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Currently, redis has maxclients limit of 10k\nSo, I cant spawn more than 10k celery workers (a celery worker with 200 prefork across 50 machines).\nWithout changing redis maxclient limit, what are some of the things I can do to accommodate more than 10k celery workers?\nI was thinking setting up master-slave redis cluster but how would a celery daemon know to connect different slaves?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":599,"Q_Id":34141600,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Don't. Your Redis command latency with over 10,000 connections will suffer, usually heavily. Even the basic Redis ping command shows this. \nStep one: re-evaluate the 10k worker requirement. Chances are very high it is heavily inflated. What data supports it? Most of the time people are used to slow servers where concurrency is higher because each request takes orders of magnitude more time than Redis does. Consider this, a decently tuned Redis single instance can handle over a million requests per second. Do the math and you'll see that it is unlikely you will have the traffic workload to keep those workers busy without slamming into other limits such as the speed of light and Redis capacity. \nIf you truly do need that level of concurrency perhaps try integrating Twemproxy to handle the connections in a safer manner, though you will likely see the latency effects anyway if you really have the workload necessary to justify 10k concurrent connections.\nYour other options are Codis and partitioning your data across multiple Redis instances, or some combination of the above.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,redis,celery","A_Id":34169982,"CreationDate":"2015-12-07T19:29:00.000","Title":"Celery w\/ Redis broker: Is it possible to have more 10k connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to classify a given set of web pages to different classes, mainly to 3 classes(product page, index page and product-related items page). I think it can be done using analyzing their structure. I just look for comparing the web pages based on their DOM(Document Object Model) structure. I want to whether there is library in python for resolving this problem. \nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":192,"Q_Id":34155609,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First you would need to identify which elements in the page actually uniquely identify a page as being of a specific webpage-class.\nThen you could use a library like BeautifulSoup to actually look through the document to see if those elements exist.\nThen you would just need a series of if\/elifs to determine if a page has the qualifying elements, if so classify it as the appropriate webpage-class.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,dom,data-science","A_Id":34160545,"CreationDate":"2015-12-08T12:13:00.000","Title":"Web page structure comparison using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The data was captured from LTE network.\n\nI don't know how to recognize count TCP retransmission of a single TCP flow, using\nPython. \nCould I recognize the type of retransmission? It's because of congestion or packet loss?\n\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1227,"Q_Id":34169111,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I did it in C but the general ideas is, you need to keep track of TCP sequence numbers (there are two streams for each TCP session, one from client to server, the other is from server to client).  This is a little complex.\nFor each stream, you have a pointer to keep track of the consecutive sequence numbers sent so far and use a linked-list to keep track of the pairs ( sequence number + data length) that have a gap to the pointer. Each time you see a new data packet in the stream, you either update the pointer, or add to the linked-list. Note that after you update the pointer, you should check if the linked-list to see if some of the gaps are closed.  You can tell retransmitted data packets this way.\nHope it helps.  Good luck.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tcp,wireshark,pcap","A_Id":34496093,"CreationDate":"2015-12-09T01:16:00.000","Title":"How could I find TCP retransmission and packet loss from pcap file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Rarely, I see below message during execution of the script. Can someone tell me what is the reason for this?  Is it due to script or because of the application I am working on?\n[7192:4260:1209\/122546:ERROR:latency_info.cc(157)] RenderWidgetHostImpl::OnSwapCompositorFrame, Late\nncyInfo vector size 323 is too big.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1344,"Q_Id":34172598,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Which driver are you using for your script? I've run in to this problem with Chromedriver and assumed it was due to a buffer\/latency issue when posting data to a text field.\nBy breaking this data up in to smaller chunks, I resolved the issue. I did this manually as it was just one section, but you might want to create a function that takes larger data and splits it in to smaller chunks if you do this a lot.\nI've also heard it is specific to Chrome, but have not had a chance to test this in other browsers.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":40609613,"CreationDate":"2015-12-09T07:03:00.000","Title":"Warning messages during python selenium script : Late ncyInfo vector size","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently trying to write a small bot for a banking site that doesn't supply an API. Nevertheless, the security of the login page seems a little more ingenious than what I'd have expected, since even though I don't see any significant difference between Chrome and Python, it doesn't let requests made by Python through (I accounted for things such as headers and cookies)\nI've been wondering if there is a tool to record requests in FireFox\/Chrome\/Any browser and replicate them in Python (or any other language)? Think selenium, but without the overhead of selenium :p","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":779,"Q_Id":34173343,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use Selenium web drivers to actually use browsers to make the requests for you. \nIn such cases, I usually checkout the request made by Chrome from my dev tools \"Network\" tab. Then I right click on the request and copy the request as cURL to run it on command line to see if it works perfectly. If it does, then I can be certain it can be achieved using Python's requests package.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":34173449,"CreationDate":"2015-12-09T07:46:00.000","Title":"Easily replicate browser requests with python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a django api which returns content fine in my localhost. But when I run it production. it giving me 324 error [ empty content response error]. \nI had printed api response which is fine. But even before api runs for completions, chrome browser throwing 324 error. \nWhen I researched a bit. it look like socket connection is dead in client side. I am not sure how to fix it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":649,"Q_Id":34267461,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"This could be specific to the server you are using. First try clearing your cookies, but if that does not work, that means you have a faulty server and I don't know how to fix that other than getting another one.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,google-chrome","A_Id":37083575,"CreationDate":"2015-12-14T12:47:00.000","Title":"324 error::empty response, django","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using the Python requests module (requests (2.7.0)) and tracking URL requests. \nMost of these URL's are supposed to trigger a 301 redirect however for some the domain changes as well. These URL's where the 301 is causing a domain name change i.e. x.y.com ends up as a.b.com I get a certificate verify failed. However I have checked and the cert on that site is valid and it is not a self signed cert.\nFor the others where the domain remains the same I do not get any errors so it does not seem to be linked to SSL directly else the others would fail as well. \nAlso what is interesting is that if I run the same script using curl instead of requests I do not get any errors. \nI know I can suppress the request errors by setting verify=False but I am wondering why the failure occurs only when there is a domain name change.\nRegards,\nAB","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":188,"Q_Id":34341396,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This seems to work now. I believe the issue was linked to an old version of openssl. Once I upgraded even the 301 for a different domain goes through with no errors and that was with verify set to True.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,python-requests","A_Id":34343323,"CreationDate":"2015-12-17T18:08:00.000","Title":"Python requests module results in SSL error for 301 redirects to a different domain","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i need to ask about xbee packet size. is it there any minimum size for the packet of API.\ni'm using Xbee S2 API mode AP1 however when i send below frame from router to coordinator the packet failed to arrive .\nPacket : uint8_t payload[] = {'B',200,200,200,200};\nHowever if i send :\nPacket : uint8_t payload[] = {'B',200,200,200,200,200,200};\nthe packet arrived successfully .... weird :(\nTest 3:\nPacket : uint8_t payload[] = {'B',200,200,200}; \nthe packet arrived successfully\nTest 4: \nuint8_t payload[] = {'B',200,200};\nthe packet is failed to arrive :(\ni don't know what is the problem","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":134,"Q_Id":34483983,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There isn't a minimum size, but the module does make use of a \"packetization timeout\" setting (ATRO) to decide when to send your data.  If you wait longer, you may find that the module sends the frame and it arrives at the destination.\nI'm assuming you're using \"AT Mode\" even though you write \"API Mode\".  If you are in fact using API mode, please post more of your code, and perhaps include a link to the code library you're using to build your API frames.  Are you setting the length correctly?  Does the library expect a null-terminated string for the payload?  Try adding a 0 to the end of your payload array to see if that helps.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,c,arduino,wireless,xbee","A_Id":34498742,"CreationDate":"2015-12-27T19:25:00.000","Title":"Xbee API packet is failing to arrive from router to coordinator","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Both belongs to boto.ec2 . From the documentation i found that get_all_reserved_instances returns all reserved instances, but i am not clear about get_all_reserved_instances_offerings . What is it mean by offering.\nOne other thing that i want to know is,what is recurring_charges ?\nPlease clarify ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":178,"Q_Id":34493061,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The get_all_reserved_instance_offerings method in boto returns a list of all reserved instance types that are available for purchase.  So, if you want to purchase reserved instances you would look through the list of offerings, find the instance type, etc. that you want and then you would be able to purchase that offering with the purchase_reserved_instance_offering method or via the AWS console.\nSo, perhaps a simple way to say it is get_all_reserved_instance_offerings tells you what you can buy and get_all_reserved_instances tells you what you have already bought.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto,boto3","A_Id":34494713,"CreationDate":"2015-12-28T11:54:00.000","Title":"What is the difference between get_all_reserved_instances and get_all_reserved_instances_offerings?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible to access local files via remote SSH connection (local files of the connecting client of course, not other clients)?\nTo be specific, I'm wondering if the app I'm making (which is designed to be used over SSH, i.e. user connects to a remote SSH server and the script (written in Python) is automatically executed) can access local (client's) files. I want to implement an upload system, where user(s) (connected to SSH server, running the script) may be able to upload images, from their local computers, over to other hosting sites (not the SSH server itself, but other sites, like imgur or pomf (the API is irrelevant)). So the remote server would require access to local files to send the file to another remote hosting server and return the link.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":866,"Q_Id":34500111,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You're asking if you can write a program on the server which can access files from the client when someone runs this program through SSH from the client?\nIf the only program running on the client is SSH, then no.  If it was possible, that would be a security bug in SSH.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,ssh","A_Id":34500718,"CreationDate":"2015-12-28T20:14:00.000","Title":"Remote SSH server accessing local files","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Suppose that there is one redis-client which is subscribing to channel c1 and another redis-client publishes \"data\" to channel c1.\nAt this point, does the data published is pending in a redis-server by when the client subscribing to \"c1\" get the data(by calling pubsub.listen() or pubsub.get_message()) or go directly to the client subscribing to the channel c1 through a redis-server?\nIn other words, When a redis-client call pubsub.getMessage() or pubsub.listen(), does redis-client send a request to redis-server to get data or just get data from the local socket buffer?\nWhen I read some documents it is saying that pubsub.get_message() use select module for a socket internally.\nIt seems to mean that the data subscribed already is in the client local buffer, not server.\nCould you give me any suggestion?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":381,"Q_Id":34510980,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Redis pubsub is fire and forget. \nIn other words, when a publish command is sent, the message is received by online subscribers, and who wasn't subscribed\/listening for messages when the publish command was sent, won't never get these messages.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,redis","A_Id":34513168,"CreationDate":"2015-12-29T12:21:00.000","Title":"How does redis publish work?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Working on a small app that takes a Spotify track URL submitted by a user in a messaging application and adds it to a public Spotify playlist. The app is running with the help of spotipy python on a Heroku site (so I have a valid \/callback) and listens for the user posting a track URL.\nWhen I run the app through command line, I use util.prompt_for_user_token. A browser opens, I move through the auth flow successfully, and I copy-paste the provided callback URL back into terminal.\nWhen I run this app and attempt to add a track on the messaging application, it does not open a browser for the user to authenticate, so the auth flow never completes.\nAny advice on how to handle this?  Can I auth once via terminal, capture the code\/token and then handle the refreshing process so that the end-user never has to authenticate?\nP.S. can't add the tag \"spotipy\" yet but surprised it was not already available","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1073,"Q_Id":34520233,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I once ran into a similar issue with Google's Calendar API. The app was pretty low-importance so I botched a solution together by running through the auth locally in my browser, finding the response token, and manually copying it over into an environment variable on Heroku. The downside of course was that tokens are set to auto-expire (I believe Google Calendar's was set to 30 days), so periodically the app stopped working and I had to run through the auth flow and copy the key over again. There might be a way to automate that. \nGood luck!","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,api,heroku,oauth-2.0,spotify","A_Id":34520316,"CreationDate":"2015-12-29T22:40:00.000","Title":"Completing Spotify Authorization Code Flow via desktop application without using browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I let users purchase phone numbers without having credit on my account? I'd like the users to pay for the numbers directly themselves. Is it possible to have the users payment sent to my account as a credit and then use it to pay for the number? How can I do this with Twilio API?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":82,"Q_Id":34522605,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Phone numbers are purchased from your account. So you need to have atleast 1$(i think 1$ is required to purchase a phone number) of twilio credit to purchase a number. If you didnt have credit, you cannot purchase a numnber. And i think no Api is available to credit your account.\nBest way to implement twilio number purchase webportal are \n1) Have some credit in your twilio account\n2) Charge users when they purchase twilio number\n3) Set a twilio recharge trigger so that your twilio account is recharged from your bank account when credit goes below a limit","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twilio,payment","A_Id":34529283,"CreationDate":"2015-12-30T03:44:00.000","Title":"How can I let users purchase Twilio numbers from my site?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing a website to find out the best politician of my state.In my website visitors can vote for their favorite politician.\nI want to restrict the users adding more than one vote to a politician and also wants to restrict a user vote for more than one politician (A user can give one vote to any one politician).\nHow can I trace unique users? I'm not interested in adding a registration\/logon method which will reduce the user interaction. I tried to trace unique IP address, but website can be accessed through proxy servers and that method will not work.  \nIs there any way to trace users?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":96,"Q_Id":34542440,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For this task, you have to user registration\/login functionality. Otherwise, you will get incorrect data.\nMy suggested workflow:\n\nUser registers on site with his email id.\nConfirmation mail goes to user.\nUser clicks on confirm link and proves that he is genuine.\nAfter that he votes.\nHis vote gets recorded against his email id.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,java,php,python","A_Id":34542478,"CreationDate":"2015-12-31T06:54:00.000","Title":"unique user identification for a website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to upload AudioSegment object to S3 after doing some editing. What I'm doing is to edit the audio, then export it and then send it to S3.\nHowever, export to mp3 is taking like 2 seconds for 2 minutes song.\nSo, I'm just wondering if it's possible to send the file to S3 without export it. Note: I see there is raw_data, however, I need to be able to play the saved clip.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":674,"Q_Id":34546117,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The delay is caused by the transcoding step (converting the raw data to mp3). You can avoid that by exporting WAV files.\nA WAV file is essentially just the raw data with some header information at the beginning so exporting with format=\"wav\" will avoid the need to transcode, and should be significantly faster.\nHowever, without any compression, the files will be larger (like 40MB instead of 5MB). You'll probably lose more than 2 seconds due to transferring 5 to 10 times more data over the network. \nSome codecs are slower than others, so you may want to experiment with other encodings to strike a different speed\/file size balance than mp3 and wav do (or you could try just using regular file compression like gzip, bz2, or a \"zip\" file on your wav output)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,pydub","A_Id":34548666,"CreationDate":"2015-12-31T11:50:00.000","Title":"Python Pydub AudioSegment laggy export","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am planning to invoke AWS Lambda function by modifying objects on AWS S3 bucket. I also need to send a large amount of data to the AWS Lambda function. How can I send the data to it in an efficient way?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1571,"Q_Id":34586419,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I would use another S3 bucket to first send the data and then use it from the Lambda function","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,aws-lambda","A_Id":34586632,"CreationDate":"2016-01-04T07:24:00.000","Title":"Send large data to AWS Lambda function","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am planning to invoke AWS Lambda function by modifying objects on AWS S3 bucket. I also need to send a large amount of data to the AWS Lambda function. How can I send the data to it in an efficient way?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1571,"Q_Id":34586419,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Your Lambda function should just read from the database your large data resides in.  \nAssuming your modified object on S3 contains - inside the object or as the object name - some type of foreign key to the data you need out of your database:\n\nA) If your Lambda has access to the database directly: then you can just make your lambda function query your database directly to pull the data.\n\nB) If your Lambda does not have direct access to the database: Then consider cloning the data as needed from the database to a secure S3 bucket for access by your lambda's when they are triggered\/need it.  Clone the data to S3 as JSON or some other easy to read format as logical objects for your business case (orders, customers, whatever).  This method will be the fastest\/most efficient for the Lambda if its possible for your use case.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,aws-lambda","A_Id":34967438,"CreationDate":"2016-01-04T07:24:00.000","Title":"Send large data to AWS Lambda function","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am planning to invoke AWS Lambda function by modifying objects on AWS S3 bucket. I also need to send a large amount of data to the AWS Lambda function. How can I send the data to it in an efficient way?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1571,"Q_Id":34586419,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I recently did this by gzipping the data before invoking the lambda function. This is super easy to do with most programming languages. Depending on your database content this will be a better or worse solution. The content of my database had a lot of data repetition and zipped very nicely.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,aws-lambda","A_Id":38183446,"CreationDate":"2016-01-04T07:24:00.000","Title":"Send large data to AWS Lambda function","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am query AWS using boto ec2 in python. Firstly I find all reserved instances by get_all_reserved_instances then I am also able to find total count of each instance_type by instance_count. I am trying to calculate total number of reserved instances under tags.\nEg. We have two tags group and name. Then I want to show total number of reserved instances of particular type (Eg. i2.xlarge) under group tag. How to do this, I did not find this in AWS console also ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":986,"Q_Id":34590285,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There isn't a straight way. More appropriately, I would say there are couple of things which aren't fully right in your assumptions. \n\nThe EC2 instances aren't directly tied to the Reserved Instances. It is more of a non-technical - pure billing concept and end of the month, AWS counts the number of instance hours and checks it with number instance reservation hours and discounts the billing. This way no instance reservation is linked or associated with the EC2 instances which are running.\nReserved Instances aren't tagging enabled. Only the EC2 instances have tagging support.\n\nTo answer your question on the approach, the following the pseudo code would help\n\nGet the list of Reserved Instances Listings (instance-platform, size, availability zone)\nGet the list of EC2 Instance and filter it by Tags [group or name]\nWith the relieved 2 lists [ list of reservations & list of EC2 instance ] - for each of the (instance-platform, size, availability-zone) matched records may fetch you the list of Reservations & associated EC2 instance.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,boto,boto3","A_Id":34590510,"CreationDate":"2016-01-04T11:37:00.000","Title":"How to find total number of reserved instances under particular tag?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If we have multiple site which have different html structure so what is the better way to implement scrapy?\n\nshould I create multiple spider according to site in single project?\nshould I create multiple projects according to site?\nor another way, please define.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":297,"Q_Id":34611880,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Different website - > different script in same project if scraping same data so in a same project both the scripts can reside and use the same pipeline\nSame website - > Same project\nDifferent website ,Different Data - > Different project\nSame website, different data - > Use 2 functions using callback","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,scrapy","A_Id":34612388,"CreationDate":"2016-01-05T12:36:00.000","Title":"what is the better way to implement scrapy if we have multiple sites?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If we have multiple site which have different html structure so what is the better way to implement scrapy?\n\nshould I create multiple spider according to site in single project?\nshould I create multiple projects according to site?\nor another way, please define.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":297,"Q_Id":34611880,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Usually you should create multiple spiders in one project, one for each website, but this depends.\nA scrapy spider also decides how to jump from page to page, than it applies a parser callback, the parser callback method will extract the data from a page. Because pages are not the same you need a parser callback method for each page.\nThe websites usually have different sitemaps, therefore you need multiple spiders, one for each website, that will decide how to jump from page to page. Than, spiders will apply their callbacks that decides how to scrape that page.\nUsually You don't need to create multiple projects for multiple websites but this depends.\nIf your websites share some logical characteristics, put them in one project so they can use the same scrapy settings. It is also more easier in this way, you can create base spiders and inherit common methods.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,scrapy","A_Id":34612562,"CreationDate":"2016-01-05T12:36:00.000","Title":"what is the better way to implement scrapy if we have multiple sites?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have read some introduction about how to create Google Chrome extensions. Is that possible to create the extension using Python instead of JS?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3959,"Q_Id":34625232,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"A google chrome extension is simply a webpage with a few extra permissions and so on. So, what you're looking for is basically a method to use python as a scripting language inside a browser.\nThe problems with this :\n\nNot all browsers are capable of using python as a scripting language\nBy default javascript scripts are enabled in most browsers, python may not be be.\nNot enough tutorials on how to use python here. JS is way more popular.\n\nBut returning to how to do it. Popular methods:\n\nBrython - They use HTML5 + text\/python scripts to directly embed python inside a browser.\nPyJS - here, they actually compile Python into Javascript. Somewhat more complicated, but finally the browser sees JS, so it is usable anywhere.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,google-chrome-extension","A_Id":34625489,"CreationDate":"2016-01-06T03:38:00.000","Title":"Can I use python to develop Google Chrome extensions?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a requirement in which user will ask query and that query will be routed to group of users. Group of users can directly communicate with seeker. All using XMPP python client and XMPP server(ejabberd)\nDetailed scenario:\n\nUser1@example.com asks a query and it is destined to  answers@example.com\nanswers@example.com select a list of users(g1) from database and forwards query to them.\nEach member of g1 replies individually to User1@example.com even though message is sent from answers@example.com\n\nStep 1 is trivial XMPP and done already\nStep 2 can be taken care of \nStep 3 I am doubtful if it can be done. What features of XMPP I need to focus on. Please enlighten.\nPS: I am writing custom clients using xmppp.py","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":80,"Q_Id":34629706,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't think step 3 can quite be done with plain XMPP, but, if your XMPP server is your own, and it supports plugins, one possible workaround would be to write a plugin that \"fakes\" this interaction by making answers@example.com pretend to be User1@example.com from the point of view of the other users when making the question.\nAnother possibility would be to use the multi-user-chat, but that won't quite give the result you want, either.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xmpp,xmpppy","A_Id":39726299,"CreationDate":"2016-01-06T09:33:00.000","Title":"Using XMPP developing a client which acts a mediator in two users","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm running OS X 10.11, and I have created a web scraper using Python and Selenium. The scraper uses Firefox as the browser to collect data.  \nThe Firefox window must remain active at all critical steps, for the scraper to work.\nWhen I leave the computer with Firefox as the active window, when I return I often find that the active window focus has changed to something else. Some process is stealing the window focus.\nIs there a way that I can programatically tell the OS to activate the Firefox window? If so, I can tell the script to do that before every critical action in the script.\nPreferably, this is something that I would like to achieve using Python. But launching a secondary AppleScript to do this specific task may also be a solution.\nNote: Atm, I'm not looking at rewriting my script to use a headless browser \u2013 just to make it work by forcing active window.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1426,"Q_Id":34705575,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"tell application \"Firefox\" to activate\nis the way to do it in AppleScript","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,macos,applescript","A_Id":34711005,"CreationDate":"2016-01-10T12:52:00.000","Title":"Python: Activate window in OS X","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to access a smartplug device using socket programming . I have the MAC address and UDP port number of the device . Other information like SSID,password , Apps Id, Dev Id, Cmd ID are also present .\nCould you please let me know if this can be achieved using Python or Java API . Is there a way in socket programming to access a device using MAC address and get the information sent from a specific UDP port .\nThanks in advance for your help .","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":362,"Q_Id":34784149,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can access the device via a UDP socket, provided you have the IP address of the device as well as the UDP port number.  \nBoth Java and Python have socket APIs so you can use either one.  Just make sure you follow the network protocol defined by the device to be able to read to \/ write from the device properly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,macos,sockets,udp","A_Id":34790670,"CreationDate":"2016-01-14T07:49:00.000","Title":"Smartplug socket programming using Mac Address and UDP port","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using an AWS Lambda function (written in python) to send an email whenever an object is uploaded into a preset S3 bucket. The object is uploaded via the AWS PHP SDK into the S3 bucket and is using a multipart upload. Whenever I test out my code (within the Lambda code editor page) it seems to work fine and I only get a single email.\nBut when the object is uploaded via the PHP SDK, the Lambda function runs twice and sends two emails, both with different message ID's. I've tried different email addresses but each address receives exactly two, duplicate emails.\nCan anyone guide me where could I be going wrong? I'm using the boto3 library that is imported with the sample python code to send the email.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5712,"Q_Id":34785863,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"I am also facing the same issue, in my case on every PUT event in S3 bucket a lambda should trigger, it triggers twice with same aws_request_id and aws_lambda_arn.\nTo fix it, keep track of the aws_request_id (this id will be unique for each lambda event) somewhere and have a check on the handler. If the same aws_request_id exist then do nothing, otherwise process as usual.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,aws-lambda","A_Id":41511055,"CreationDate":"2016-01-14T09:28:00.000","Title":"AWS Lambda function firing twice","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using an AWS Lambda function (written in python) to send an email whenever an object is uploaded into a preset S3 bucket. The object is uploaded via the AWS PHP SDK into the S3 bucket and is using a multipart upload. Whenever I test out my code (within the Lambda code editor page) it seems to work fine and I only get a single email.\nBut when the object is uploaded via the PHP SDK, the Lambda function runs twice and sends two emails, both with different message ID's. I've tried different email addresses but each address receives exactly two, duplicate emails.\nCan anyone guide me where could I be going wrong? I'm using the boto3 library that is imported with the sample python code to send the email.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5712,"Q_Id":34785863,"Users Score":13,"Answer":"Yes, we have this as well and it's not linked to the email, it's linked to S3 firing multiple events for a single upload. Like a lot of messaging systems, Amazon does not guarantee \"once only delivery\" of event notifications from S3, so your Lambda function will need to handle this itself.\nNot the greatest, but doable.\nSome form of cache with details of the previous few requests so you can see if you've already processed the particular event message or not.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,aws-lambda","A_Id":34795499,"CreationDate":"2016-01-14T09:28:00.000","Title":"AWS Lambda function firing twice","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The flow with me is this we get a request to www.oursite.com?secretinfo=banana\nthen we have people do some stuff on that page and we send them to another site. Is it possible to remove the part \"secretinfo=banana\" from the referer in the header info?\nWe do this now, by redirecting to another page without this parameters, which does another redirect by a meta-refresh to the other party. As you can imagine this is not very good for the user experience.\nDoing it direct would be great but even doing it with a 302 or 303 redirect would be better but these don't change the referer.\nWe are using Python 3 with Flask or it can be with JavaScript.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":141,"Q_Id":34790474,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Thanks to NetHawk it can be done using history.replaceState() or history.pushState().","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,redirect,http-referer","A_Id":34791352,"CreationDate":"2016-01-14T13:08:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to remove the get parameters from the referer in the header without meta-refresh?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"A friend of mine wants to get some data from certain webpages. He wants it in XML, because he will feed them to some mighty application. \nThat's not a problem, any scripting language can do this. The problem is, that the content is \"hidden\" and can only be seen, when user is logged in. Which means, in whatever language I'll use, I have to find a way to simulate a web browser - to store cookies (session id), because without it, I won't be able to get data from restricted sections of the website. \nI don't wish I have to write my own \"web browser\", but I am not certain if I need one. Also I think, there must be a library for this. Any ideas?\nYes, we asked them about API's, data dumps, etc. They don't want to cooperate.\nThanks for any tips.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2248,"Q_Id":34790796,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For ease of use, try Selenium.\nAlthough it is slower compared to using headless browsers, the good thing is you don't need to use other libraries to enable Javascript since your script will simulate an actual human browsing a website. You can also check the behaviour of your script visually since it opens the website in your browser.\nYou can easily find boilerplate codes and tutorials about it too :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,shell","A_Id":34791633,"CreationDate":"2016-01-14T13:25:00.000","Title":"\"Datamining\" from websites","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been attempting to use HTTrack to mirror a single page (downloading html + prerequisites: style sheets, images, etc), similar to the question [mirror single page with httrack][1]. However, the accepted answer there doesn't work for me, as I'm using Windows (where wget \"exists\" is but actually a wrapper for Invoke-WebRequest and doesn't function at all the same way).\nHTTrack really wants to either (a) download the entire website I point it at, or (b) only download the page I point it to, leaving all images still living on the web. Is there a way to make HTTrack download only enough to view a single page properly offline - the equivalent of wget -p?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1960,"Q_Id":34796053,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is an old post so you might have figured it out by now.  I just came across your post looking for another answer about using Python and HTTrack.  I was having the same issue you were having and I passed the argument -r2 and it downloaded the images.\nMy arguments basically look like this:\ncmd = [httrack, myURL,'-%v','-r2','-F',\"Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64)\",'-O',saveLocation]","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,command-line,wget,httrack","A_Id":41248744,"CreationDate":"2016-01-14T17:33:00.000","Title":"Using HTTrack to mirror a single page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been attempting to use HTTrack to mirror a single page (downloading html + prerequisites: style sheets, images, etc), similar to the question [mirror single page with httrack][1]. However, the accepted answer there doesn't work for me, as I'm using Windows (where wget \"exists\" is but actually a wrapper for Invoke-WebRequest and doesn't function at all the same way).\nHTTrack really wants to either (a) download the entire website I point it at, or (b) only download the page I point it to, leaving all images still living on the web. Is there a way to make HTTrack download only enough to view a single page properly offline - the equivalent of wget -p?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1960,"Q_Id":34796053,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Saving the page with your browser should download the page and all its prerequisites.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,command-line,wget,httrack","A_Id":59127033,"CreationDate":"2016-01-14T17:33:00.000","Title":"Using HTTrack to mirror a single page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a Python script that accepts text from a user, interprets that text and then produces a text response for that user. I want to create a simple web interface to this Python script that is accessible to multiple people at once. By this I mean that person A can go to the website for the script and begin interacting with the script and, at the same time, person B can do the same. This would mean that the script is running in as many processes\/sessions as desired.\nWhat would be a good way to approach this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":44,"Q_Id":34833974,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Maybe you should try a python web framework like django or flask .etc\nMake a simple website that offers a webpage that contians a form to input text ,and when people visit the url, put their text in the form and submit, your code can handle it and return a webpage to show the result.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,web","A_Id":34834095,"CreationDate":"2016-01-17T01:05:00.000","Title":"How can one create an open web interface to a Python script that accepts and returns text?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have coded a Python Script for Twitter Automation using Tweepy. Now, when i run on my own Linux Machine as python file.py The file runs successfully and it keeps on running because i have specified repeated Tasks inside the Script and I also don't want to stop the script either. But as it is on my Local Machine, the script might get stopped when my Internet Connection is off or at Night. So i couldn't keep running the Script Whole day on my PC..\nSo is there any way or website or Method where i could deploy my Script and make it Execute forever there ? I have heard about CRON JOBS before in Cpanel which can Help repeated Tasks but here in my case i want to keep running my Script on the Machine till i don't close the script .\nAre their any such solutions. Because most of twitter bots i see are running forever, meaning their Script is getting executed somewhere 24x7 . This is what i want to know, How is that Task possible?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1461,"Q_Id":34841822,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can add a systemd .service file, which can have the added benefit of:\n\nlogging (compressed logs at a central place, or over network to a log server)\ndisallowing access to \/tmp and \/home-directories\nrestarting the service if it fails\nstarting the service at boot\nsetting capabilities (ref setcap\/getcap), disallowing file access if the process only needs network access, for instance","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,tweepy","A_Id":47680085,"CreationDate":"2016-01-17T18:11:00.000","Title":"Is it Possible to Run a Python Code Forever?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to automate native android app using robot framework + appium with AppiumLibrary and was able to successfully open application ,from there my struggle begins, not able to find any element on the screen through UI automator viewer since the app which I was testing is web-view context and it shows like a single frame(no elements in it is being identified) . I have spoken to dev team and they gave some html static pages where I could see some element id's for that app. So I have used those id's ,But whenever I ran the test it throws error as element doesn't match . The same app is working with java + appium testNG framework. Only difference I could see between these two is, using java + appium framework complete html code is getting when we call page source method for the android driver object but in robot its returning some xml code which was displayed in UI automator viewer(so this xml doesn't contain any HTML source code with element id's and robot is searching the id's in this xml code and hence it is failing). I am totally confused and got stuck here. Can some one help me on this issue.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":825,"Q_Id":34903359,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"Switch to (webview) context resolved this issue.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,appium,robotframework","A_Id":34927269,"CreationDate":"2016-01-20T14:57:00.000","Title":"robot framework with appium ( not able identify elements )","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Question: yikyak.com returns some sort of \"browser not supported\" landing page when I try to view source code in chrome (even for the page I'm logged in on) or when I write it out to the Python terminal. Why is this and what can I do to get around it?\nEdit for clarification: I'm using the chrome webdriver. I can navigate around the yik yak website by clicking on it just fine. But whenever I try to see what html is on the page, I get an html page for a \"browser not reported\" page.\nBackground: I'm trying to access yikyak.com with selenium for python to download yaks and do fun things with them. I know fairly little about web programming.\nThanks!\nSecondary, less important question: If you're already here, are there particularly great free resources for a super-quick intro to the certification knowledge I need to store logins and stuff like that to use my logged in account? That would be awesome.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":62,"Q_Id":34915058,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I figured it out. I was being dumb. I saved off the html as a file and opened that file with chrome and it displayed the normal page. I just didn't see the fact that it was a normal page looking at it directly. Thanks all 15 people for your time.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,selenium","A_Id":34937195,"CreationDate":"2016-01-21T03:48:00.000","Title":"Trying to view html on yikyak.com, get \"browser out of date\" page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Env: Windows 10 Pro\nI installed python 2.7.9 and using pip installed robotframework and robotframework-selenium2library and it all worked fine with no errors.\nThen I was doing some research and found that unless there is a reason for me to use 2.x versions of Python, I should stick with 3.x versions. Since 3.4 support already exists for selenium2library (read somewhere), so I decided to switch to it.\nI uninstalled python 2.7.9  and installed python 3.4 version. When I installed robotframerwork, I am getting the following:\n\nC:\\Users\\username>pip install robotframework\n  Downloading\/unpacking RobotFramework\n    Running setup.py (path:C:\\Users\\username\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip_build_username\\RobotFramework\\setup.py) egg_info for package RobotFramework\n      no previously-included directories found matching 'src\\robot\\htmldata\\testdata'\n  Installing collected packages: RobotFramework\n    Running setup.py install for RobotFramework\n        File \"C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\robot\\running\\timeouts\\ironpython.py\", line 57\n          raise self._error[0], self._error[1], self._error[2]\n                              ^\n      SyntaxError: invalid syntax\n        File \"C:\\Python34\\Lib\\site-packages\\robot\\running\\timeouts\\jython.py\", line 56\n          raise self._error[0], self._error[1], self._error[2]\n                              ^\n      SyntaxError: invalid syntax\n      no previously-included directories found matching 'src\\robot\\htmldata\\testdata'\n      replacing interpreter in robot.bat and rebot.bat.\n  Successfully installed RobotFramework\n  Cleaning up...\n\nWhen I did pip list I do see robotframework is installed. \n\nC:\\Users\\username>pip list\npip (1.5.4)\nrobotframework (3.0)\nsetuptools (2.1)\n\nShould I be concerned and stick to Python 2.7.9?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2741,"Q_Id":34936039,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"With python 2.7.9 you can only install robotframework 2.9\nWith python 3.X you can install robotframework 3.x+ but as Bryan Oakley said, Selenium2Library is not yet supported ;)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,python-3.x,selenium-webdriver,robotframework","A_Id":34997071,"CreationDate":"2016-01-21T23:02:00.000","Title":"python version for robot framework selenium2library (Windows10)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm writing a Socket Server in Python, and also a Socket Client to connect to the Server.\nThe Client interacts with the Server in a way that the Client sends information when an action is invoked, and the Server processes the information.\nThe problem I'm having, is that I am able to connect to my Server with Telnet, and probably other things that I haven't tried yet. I want to disable connection from these other Clients, and only allow connections from Python Clients. (Preferably my custom-made client, as it sends information to communicate)\nIs there a way I could set up authentication on connection to differentiate Python Clients from others?\nCurrently there is no code, as this is a problem I want to be able to solve before getting my hands dirty.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":38,"Q_Id":34946330,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When a new connection is made to your server, your protocol will have to specify some way for the client to authenticate. Ultimately there is nothing that the network infrastructure can do to determine what sort of process initiated the connection, so you will have to specify some exchange that allows the server to be sure that it really is talking to a valid client process.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":34946501,"CreationDate":"2016-01-22T12:05:00.000","Title":"Only allow connections from custom clients","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a Socket Server in Python, and also a Socket Client to connect to the Server.\nThe Client interacts with the Server in a way that the Client sends information when an action is invoked, and the Server processes the information.\nThe problem I'm having, is that I am able to connect to my Server with Telnet, and probably other things that I haven't tried yet. I want to disable connection from these other Clients, and only allow connections from Python Clients. (Preferably my custom-made client, as it sends information to communicate)\nIs there a way I could set up authentication on connection to differentiate Python Clients from others?\nCurrently there is no code, as this is a problem I want to be able to solve before getting my hands dirty.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":38,"Q_Id":34946330,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"@holdenweb has already given a good answer with basic info.  \nIf a (terminal) software sends the bytes that your application expects as a valid identification, your app will never know whether it talks to an original client or anything else.  \nA possible way to test for valid clients could be, that your server sends an encrypted and authenticated question (should be different at each test!), e.g. something like \"what is 18:37:12 (current date and time) plus 2 (random) hours?\"\nEncryption\/Authentication would be another issue then.\nIf you keep this algorithm secret, only your clients can answer it and validate themselves successfully. It can be hacked\/reverse engineered, but it is safe against basic attackers.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming","A_Id":34952884,"CreationDate":"2016-01-22T12:05:00.000","Title":"Only allow connections from custom clients","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How do I only display the screen of my webdriver in a specific case using selenium? \nI only want to display the window to the user when the title of the page is for exemple \"XXX\", so then he type something one the window and than the window close again, and the robot continue making what he should make on background.\nIs it possible?\nThanks,","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":33,"Q_Id":34950994,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No, its not possible.\nOnly way is to use several browsers.\nAs example:\n\nrun phantomJS(headless browser)\nrun do needed actions\nrun firefox, used perform login\ncopy cookies after login\npaste cookies to phantomJS\nclose firefox","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":34969465,"CreationDate":"2016-01-22T16:07:00.000","Title":"How to display the webdriver window only in one specific condition using selenium (python)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In my program, A serve-forever daemon is restarted in a subprocess.\nThe program itself is a web service, using port 5000 by default.\nI don't know the detail of the start script of that daemon, but it seems to inherit the socket listening on port 5000.\nSo if I were to restart my program, I'll find that the port is already occupied by the daemon process.\nNow I am considering to fine tune the subprocess function to close the inherited socket FD, but I don't know how to get the FD in the first place.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":429,"Q_Id":34988678,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It seems like a permission issue. The subprocess is probably running as an other user and therefore you will not have access to the process. Use sudo ps xauw |grep [processname] to figure as under what user the daemon process is running.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,subprocess","A_Id":34989073,"CreationDate":"2016-01-25T09:08:00.000","Title":"How to get a socket FD according to the port occupied in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have multiple api which we have provided to android developers.\nLike :\n1) Creating  Business card API\n2) Creating Contacts API\nSo these api working fine when app is online. So our requirement is to handle to create business card and contacts when app is offline.\nWe are following steps but not sure:-\n1) Android developer store the business card when app offline and send this data to server using separate offline business card api when app comes online.\n2) Same we do for creating contacts offline using offline contact api.\nMy problem is I want do in one api call to send all data to server and do operation.\nIs this approach will right?? Also please suggest what is the best approach to handle offline data. Also how to handle syncing data when app would come online??\nPlease let me know if I could provide more information.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1524,"Q_Id":34992856,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm confused as to how you're approaching this.  My understanding is that when the app is offline you want to \"queue up\" any API requests that are sent.\nYour process seems fine however without knowing the terms around the app being \"offline\" it's hard to understand if this best.\nAssuming you're meaning the server(s) holding the application are offline you're correct you want a process in the android app that will store the request until the application becomes online.  However, this can be dangerous for end users.  They should be receiving a message on the application being offline and to \"try again later\" as it were.  The fear being they submit a request for x new contacts to be queued and then re-submit not realizing the application was offline.\nI would suggest you have the android app built to either notify the user of the app being down or provide some very visible notification that requests are queued locally on their phone until the application becomes available and for them to view\/modify\/delete said locally cached requests until the application becomes available.  When the API becomes available a notification can be set for users to release their queue on their device.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,django,django-rest-framework,offlineapps","A_Id":34996085,"CreationDate":"2016-01-25T12:39:00.000","Title":"how to design rest api which handle offline data","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to send an email using the Gmail API in python. I think I followed the relevant documentation and youtube vids.\nI'm running into this error: \n\ngoogleapiclient.errors.HttpError: HttpError 403 when requesting https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/gmail\/v1\/users\/me\/messages\/send?alt=json returned \"Insufficient Permission\"\n\nHere is my script:\n\n\n    #!\/usr\/bin\/env python\n\n    from googleapiclient.discovery import build\n    from httplib2 import Http\n    from oauth2client import file, client, tools\n    from email.mime.text import MIMEText\n    import base64\n    import errors\n\n    SCOPES = 'https:\/\/mail.google.com\/'\n    CLIENT_SECRET = 'client_secret.json'\n\n    store = file.Storage('storage.json')\n    credz = store.get()\n    if not credz or credz.invalid:\n        flags = tools.argparser.parse_args(args=[])\n        flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET, SCOPES)\n        credz = tools.run_flow(flow, store, flags)\n\n    GMAIL = build('gmail', 'v1', http=credz.authorize(Http()))\n\n    def CreateMessage(sender, to, subject, message_text):\n      \"\"\"Create a message for an email.\n\n      Args:\n        sender: Email address of the sender.\n        to: Email address of the receiver.\n        subject: The subject of the email message.\n        message_text: The text of the email message.\n\n      Returns:\n        An object containing a base64url encoded email object.\n      \"\"\"\n      message = MIMEText(message_text)\n      message['to'] = to\n      message['from'] = sender\n      message['subject'] = subject\n      return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())}\n\n    def SendMessage(service, user_id, message):\n      \"\"\"Send an email message.\n\n      Args:\n        service: Authorized Gmail API service instance.\n        user_id: User's email address. The special value \"me\"\n        can be used to indicate the authenticated user.\n        message: Message to be sent.\n\n      Returns:\n        Sent Message.\n      \"\"\"\n      try:\n        message = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message)\n                   .execute())\n        print 'Message Id: %s' % message['id']\n        return message\n      except errors.HttpError, error:\n        print 'An error occurred: %s' % error\n\n    message = CreateMessage('testemail@gmail.com', 'testemail@gmail.com', 'test_subject', 'foo')\n    print message\n    SendMessage(GMAIL, 'me', message)\n\n\nI tried adding scopes, trying different emails, etc. I have authenticated by logging into my browser as well. (The testemail@gmail.com is a dummy email btw)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2231,"Q_Id":34999194,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Try deleting generated storage.json file and then try again afresh.  \nyou might be trying this script with different scopes so \"storage.json\" might be having wrong details.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api,email,gmail,send","A_Id":35799866,"CreationDate":"2016-01-25T18:03:00.000","Title":"403 error sending email with gmail API (python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to send an email using the Gmail API in python. I think I followed the relevant documentation and youtube vids.\nI'm running into this error: \n\ngoogleapiclient.errors.HttpError: HttpError 403 when requesting https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/gmail\/v1\/users\/me\/messages\/send?alt=json returned \"Insufficient Permission\"\n\nHere is my script:\n\n\n    #!\/usr\/bin\/env python\n\n    from googleapiclient.discovery import build\n    from httplib2 import Http\n    from oauth2client import file, client, tools\n    from email.mime.text import MIMEText\n    import base64\n    import errors\n\n    SCOPES = 'https:\/\/mail.google.com\/'\n    CLIENT_SECRET = 'client_secret.json'\n\n    store = file.Storage('storage.json')\n    credz = store.get()\n    if not credz or credz.invalid:\n        flags = tools.argparser.parse_args(args=[])\n        flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET, SCOPES)\n        credz = tools.run_flow(flow, store, flags)\n\n    GMAIL = build('gmail', 'v1', http=credz.authorize(Http()))\n\n    def CreateMessage(sender, to, subject, message_text):\n      \"\"\"Create a message for an email.\n\n      Args:\n        sender: Email address of the sender.\n        to: Email address of the receiver.\n        subject: The subject of the email message.\n        message_text: The text of the email message.\n\n      Returns:\n        An object containing a base64url encoded email object.\n      \"\"\"\n      message = MIMEText(message_text)\n      message['to'] = to\n      message['from'] = sender\n      message['subject'] = subject\n      return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())}\n\n    def SendMessage(service, user_id, message):\n      \"\"\"Send an email message.\n\n      Args:\n        service: Authorized Gmail API service instance.\n        user_id: User's email address. The special value \"me\"\n        can be used to indicate the authenticated user.\n        message: Message to be sent.\n\n      Returns:\n        Sent Message.\n      \"\"\"\n      try:\n        message = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message)\n                   .execute())\n        print 'Message Id: %s' % message['id']\n        return message\n      except errors.HttpError, error:\n        print 'An error occurred: %s' % error\n\n    message = CreateMessage('testemail@gmail.com', 'testemail@gmail.com', 'test_subject', 'foo')\n    print message\n    SendMessage(GMAIL, 'me', message)\n\n\nI tried adding scopes, trying different emails, etc. I have authenticated by logging into my browser as well. (The testemail@gmail.com is a dummy email btw)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2231,"Q_Id":34999194,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I had the same problem.\nI solved it by running again the quickstart.py that provides google and change SCOPE so that google can give you all permissions you want. After that don't need to have SCOPE or CLIENT_SECRET on your new code to send a message, just get_credentials(), CreateMessage() and SendMessage() methods.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api,email,gmail,send","A_Id":46799877,"CreationDate":"2016-01-25T18:03:00.000","Title":"403 error sending email with gmail API (python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If I create a Charge object via the Stripe API and the card is valid, but the charge is declined, what error does this cause? It doesn't look to be possible to simulate this error in the test sandbox and I'd like to be able to catch it (and mock it in tests), but the documentation isn't clear on this point.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1120,"Q_Id":35017039,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"That would trigger a declined charge which is a card_error and can be triggered with this card number: 4000000000000002: Charge will be declined with a card_declined code.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,stripe-payments","A_Id":35018652,"CreationDate":"2016-01-26T15:07:00.000","Title":"Catching API response for insufficient funds from Stripe","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am doing a data scraping project in python.For that i need to use beautiful soup and lxml.Should i install them globally or in a virtual environment?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":104,"Q_Id":35028910,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"That's a matter of personal preference, however in most cases the benefits of installing libraries in a virtual environment far outweigh the costs.\nSetting up virtualenv (and perhaps virtualenvwrapper), creating an environment for your project, and activating it will take 2-10 minutes (depending on your familiarity with the system) before you can start work on your project itself, but it may save you a lot of hassle further down the line. I would recommend that you do so.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,beautifulsoup,lxml","A_Id":35028988,"CreationDate":"2016-01-27T04:29:00.000","Title":"Do i need Virtual environment for lxml and beautiful soup in linux?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am doing a data scraping project in python.For that i need to use beautiful soup and lxml.Should i install them globally or in a virtual environment?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":104,"Q_Id":35028910,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Well Using or not using a virtual environment is up to you. But it is always a best practice to use virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper. So that if something unusual happens with your project and its dependencies it won't hamper the python reciding at the system level. \nIt might happen that in future you might need to work on different version of lxml or beautifulsoup and if you do not use virtual environment then you need to upgrade or degrade the libraries and now your older project will not run as you have upgraded or degraded everything in the system level python. Therefore it is wise to start using the best practices as early as possible to save time and efforts.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,beautifulsoup,lxml","A_Id":35029148,"CreationDate":"2016-01-27T04:29:00.000","Title":"Do i need Virtual environment for lxml and beautiful soup in linux?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is really weird. I have a notebook server running remotely and can connect to it successfully until yesterday.\nI still can connect to the notebook server using localhost or [ip] on the remote server. But when trying from a remote PC it is always timeout.\nI netstat -antop | grep :port and saw jupyter listening on both localhost and any ip. Also I tried to tcpdump what the remote server got on port and can see web request coming in from my remote PC and retried for two times. But the ipython notebook doesn't get any requests (telling from the debug string in --debug mode).\nAny clue why this happened?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1081,"Q_Id":35029353,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Since you have ruled out all other possible causes, it is probably a firewall between you and the remote host blocking the port.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"ipython-notebook,jupyter-notebook","A_Id":35031657,"CreationDate":"2016-01-27T05:13:00.000","Title":"Cannot connect to remote ipython notebook server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am interested to do socket programming. I would like send and receive Ipv6 UDP server socket programming for raspberry (conneted with ethernet cable and opened in Putty). After surfing coulpe of sites I have got confusion with IPv6 UDP host address. Which type of host address should I use to send and receive message ipv6 UDP message.\nis the link local address\nexample:\nhost ='fe80::ba27:ebff:fed4:5691';\/\/link local address to Tx and Rx from Raspberry\nor\nhost = 'ff02::1:ffd4:5691'\nThank you so much.\nRegards,\nMahesh","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":422,"Q_Id":35042006,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use host ='fe80::ba27:ebff:fed4:5691', assuming you only have one link. \nLink-Local addresses (Link-Local scope) are designed to be used for addressing on a single link for purposes such as automatic address configuration, neighbor discovery or when no routers are present. Routers must not forward any packets with Link-Local source or destination addresses to other links.\nSo if you are sending data from a server to a raspberry pi (1 link), you can use the link-local scope for you IPv6 address.\nhost = 'ff02::1:ffd4:5691' is the link-local multicast scope, unless you have a reason to send multicast, there is no need.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp,raspberry-pi,ipv6","A_Id":35063138,"CreationDate":"2016-01-27T15:52:00.000","Title":"Ipv6 UDP host address for bind","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to populate a list of commands that are stored over a server when tab is pressed and auto complete can be used only with a local set of words as i read. Is there a way to send ('\\t') to the telnet server when user enters tab on raw_input, which would atleast return a list of possible commands along with showing them to user?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":81,"Q_Id":35050323,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If I understand correctly then no... You will have to come up with a workaround","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,telnet,raw-input","A_Id":35051893,"CreationDate":"2016-01-27T23:41:00.000","Title":"Send data via socket when user hits tab on raw_input in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a login page that sends a request to a Python script to authenticate the user. If it's not authenticated it redirects you to the login page. If it is redirects you to a HTML form. The problem is that you can access the HTML form by writing the URL. How Can I make sure the user came from the login form with my Python script without using modules because I can't install anything in my server. I want it to be strictly with Python I can't use PHP. Is it possible? Can I use other methods to accomplish the task?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0798297691,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1098,"Q_Id":35094371,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"Make sure to check the \"referer\" header in Python, and validate that the address is your login page.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,html","A_Id":35094515,"CreationDate":"2016-01-29T21:29:00.000","Title":"How to prevent a user from directly accessing my html page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Let assume I have computer A and a variable x which updated very frequently, and also takes some time for this update( Lets say: asked to be updated every sec and update tooks 0.5 sec).\nNow, once a minute, I have computer B which asks in a HTTP GET request for x's value. A sends him a copy of x.\nBecause x might be used by A, I need to make sure that nothing gets wrong.\nHow can I assure it? What are my options for doing this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52,"Q_Id":35109095,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I Think you can return x in function callback.\nor like twisted reactor.callLater, server B could ask twice waiting for A get lasted result. but x update per-second, i may lead to other servers always request\u3002","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,http,operating-system,communication","A_Id":35109280,"CreationDate":"2016-01-31T00:54:00.000","Title":"How to send constantly updated data in http request?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a blog on blogger.com, and they have a section where you can put html\/javascript code in. I'm a total beginner to javascript\/html but I'm somewhat adept at python. I want to open a listening socket on python(my computer) so that everytime a guest looks at my blog the javascript sends my python socket some data, like ip or datetime for example. I looked around on the internet, and ended up with the tornado module for my listening socket, but I have a hard time figuring out the javascript code. \nBasically it involves no servers.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":93,"Q_Id":35146632,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Maybe you need to deploy the website on your own server,because listening for client connecting is server side things,but the blogger.com host the server,the javascript section who provide to you is just for static pages.\nIf the blogger.com provide you api,that have some function like \napp.on(\"connection\",function(){\n\/*send data to your python program*\/\n})","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,sockets","A_Id":35147809,"CreationDate":"2016-02-02T06:35:00.000","Title":"Web Socket between Javascript and Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I use python to simply call api.github.gist. I have tried urllib2 at first which cost me about 10 seconds!. The requests takes less than 1 senond\nI am under a cooperation network, using a proxy. Do these two libs have different default behavior under a proxy?\nAnd I use fiddler to check the network. In both situation, the http request finished in about 40ms. So where urllib spends the time on?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":241,"Q_Id":35146733,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's most likely that DNS caching sped up the requests. DNS queries might take a lot of time in corporate networks, don't know why but I experience the same. The first time you sent the request with urllib2 DNS queried, slow, and cached. The second time you sent the request with requests, DNS needed not to be queried just retrieved from the cache.\nClear up the DNS cache and change the order, i.e. request with requests first, see if there is any difference.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,python-requests,urllib","A_Id":35147116,"CreationDate":"2016-02-02T06:41:00.000","Title":"Is urllib2 slower than requests in python3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to collect accelerometer data on my android phone and communicate it to my laptop over wifi.\nA py script collects data on the phone with python for sl4a and another py script recieves data on the laptop. Both devices are on the same wifi network.   \nThe principle looks pretty straightforward, but I have no clue on how to communicate between the two devices. Who should be server, who sould be client?\nI'm not looking for a way to collect accelerometer data or somebody to write my script, I just can't find info on my wifi issues on the web.\nCan anybody provide any help?\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":346,"Q_Id":35163521,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you mentioned two questions in your statement, 1 how to communicate via the same wifi network, 2 which one should be the server.\n1, i have tried communicating two nodes using socket and multiproceseing manager, theyre really helpful for you to communicate that kind of over-network communication. you can communicate two nodes using manager or socket, but socket also provides helps for you to get the ip of node over the network, while the manager simplify the whole process.\n2, if i were you, i would choose laptop as server as you would listen for certain port, bind port receiving data. One of the reason to choose laptop as server is that it would be more convenient if you want to add more smartphones to collect data\nI do not know well about sl4a, but i did some projects communicating via network, heres just suggestion, hope it would be helpful and not too late for you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python,wifi,sl4a","A_Id":36829122,"CreationDate":"2016-02-02T20:49:00.000","Title":"sl4a python communicate with pc over wifi","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently working on a server + client combo on python and I'm using TCP sockets. From networking classes I know, that TCP connection should be closed step by step, first one side sends the signal, that it wants to close the connection and waits for confirmation, then the other side does the same. After that, socket can be safely closed.\nI've seen in python documentation function socket.shutdown(flag), but I don't see how it could be used in this standard method, theoretical of closing TCP socket. As far as I know, it just blocks either reading, writing or both.\nWhat is the best, most correct way to close TCP socket in python? Are there standard functions for closing signals or do I need to implement them myself?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5767,"Q_Id":35174394,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"shutdown is useful when you have to signal the remote client that no more data is being sent. You can specify in the shutdown() parameter which half-channel you want to close.\nMost commonly, you want to close the TX half-channel, by calling shutdown(1). In TCP level, it sends a FIN packet, and the remote end will receive 0 bytes if blocking on read(), but the remote end can still send data back, because the RX half-channel is still open.\nSome application protocols use this to signal the end of the message. Some other protocols find the EOM based on data itself. For example, in an interactive protocol (where messages are exchanged many times) there may be no opportunity, or need, to close a half-channel.\nIn HTTP, shutdown(1) is one method that a client can use to signal that a HTTP request is complete. But the HTTP protocol itself embeds data that allows to detect where a request ends, so multiple-request HTTP connections are still possible.\nI don't think that calling shutdown() before close() is always necessary, unless you need to explicitly close a half-channel. If you want to cease all communication, close() does that too. Calling shutdown() and forgetting to call close() is worse because the file descriptor resources are not freed.\nFrom Wikipedia: \"On SVR4 systems use of close() may discard data. The use of shutdown() or SO_LINGER may be required on these systems to guarantee delivery of all data.\" This means that, if you have outstanding data in the output buffer, a close() could discard this data immediately on a SVR4 system. Linux, BSD and BSD-based systems like Apple are not SVR4 and will try to send the output buffer in full after close(). I am not sure if any major commercial UNIX is still SVR4 these days.\nAgain using HTTP as an example, an HTTP client running on SVR4 would not lose data using close() because it will keep the connection open after request to get the response. An HTTP server under SVR would have to be more careful, calling shutdown(2) before close() after sending the whole response, because the response would be partly in the output buffer.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp","A_Id":35206533,"CreationDate":"2016-02-03T10:25:00.000","Title":"Proper way to close tcp sockets in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have read lots about python threading and the various means to 'talk' across thread boundaries.  My case seems a little different, so I would like to get advice on the best option:\nInstead of having many identical worker threads waiting for items in a shared queue, I have a handful of mostly autonomous, non-daemonic threads with unique identifiers going about their business. These threads do not block and normally do not care about each other. They sleep most of the time and wake up periodically. Occasionally, based on certain conditions, one thread needs to 'tell' another thread to do something specific - an action -, meaningful to the receiving thread. There are many different combinations of actions and recipients, so using Events for every combination seems unwieldly. The queue object seems to be the recommended way to achieve this. However, if I have a shared queue and post an item on the queue having just one recipient thread, then every other thread needs monitor the queue, pull every item, check if it is addressed to it, and put it back in the queue if it was addressed to another thread.  That seems a lot of getting and putting items from the queue for nothing. Alternatively, I could employ a 'router' thread: one shared-by-all queue plus one queue for every 'normal' thread, shared with the router thread. Normal threads only ever put items in the shared queue, the router pulls every item, inspects it and puts it on the addressee's queue. Still, a lot of putting and getting items from queues....\nAre there any other ways to achieve what I need to do ?  It seems a pub-sub class is the right approach, but there is no such thread-safe module in standard python, at least to my knowledge.\nMany thanks for your suggestions.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1923,"Q_Id":35195348,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Thanks for the response.  After some thoughts, I have decided to use the approach of many queues and a router-thread (hub-and-spoke). Every 'normal' thread has its private queue to the router, enabling separate send and receive queues or 'channels'. The router's queue is shared by all threads (as a property) and used by 'normal' threads as a send-only-channel, ie they only post items to this queue, and only the router listens to it, ie pulls items.  Additionally, each 'normal' thread uses its own queue as a 'receive-only-channel' on which it listens and which is shared only with the router. Threads register themselves with the router on the router queue\/channel, the router maintains a list of registered threads including their queues, so it can send an item to a specific thread after its registration.\nThis means that peer to peer communication is not possible, all communication is sent via the router.  \nThere are several reasons I did it this way:\n1. There is no logic in the thread for checking if an item is addressed to 'me', making the code simpler and no constant pulling, checking and re-putting of items on one shared queue. Threads only listen on their queue, when a message arrives the thread can be sure that the message is addressed to it, including the router itself.\n2. The router can act as a message bus, do vocabulary translation and has the possibility to address messages to external programs or hosts.\n3. Threads don't need to know anything about other threads capabilities, ie they just speak the language of the router.  In a peer-to-peer world, all peers must be able to understand each other, and since my threads are of many different classes, I would have to teach each class all other classes' vocabulary.\nHope this helps someone some day when faced with a similar challenge.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,multithreading","A_Id":35222210,"CreationDate":"2016-02-04T07:51:00.000","Title":"Recommended way to send messages between threads in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Situation:\nA Pyro4 server gives a Pyro4 client a Pyro4 proxy. \nI want to detect whether the client is still indeed using this proxy, so that the server can give the proxy to other clients.\nMy idea at the moment is to have the server periodically ping the client. To do this, the client itself need to host a Pyro Daemon, and give the server a Pyro4 proxy so that the Server can use this proxy to ping clients. \nIs there a cleaner way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":225,"Q_Id":35226451,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'd let the client report back to the server as soon as it no longer needs the proxy. I.e. don't overcomplicate your server with dependencies\/knowledge about the clients.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,rpc,pyro","A_Id":35517121,"CreationDate":"2016-02-05T14:22:00.000","Title":"How to check if Pyro4 client is still alive","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a graph and want to calculate its indegree and outdegree centralization. I tried to do this by using python networkx, but there I can only find a method to calculate indegree and outdegree centrality for each node. Is there a way to calculate in- and outdegree centralization of a graph in networkx?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2646,"Q_Id":35243795,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This answer has been taken from a Google Groups on the issue (in the context of using R) that helps clarify the maths taken along with the above answer:\n\nFreeman's approach measures \"the average difference in centrality \n  between the most central actor and all others\". \nThis 'centralization' is exactly captured in the mathematical  formula\nsum(max(x)-x)\/(length(x)-1) \nx refers to any centrality measure! That is, if you want to calculate \n  the degree centralization of a network, x has simply to capture the \n  vector of all degree values in the network. To compare various \n  centralization measures, it is best to use standardized centrality \n  measures, i.e. the centrality values should always be smaller than 1 \n  (best position in any possible network) and greater than 0 (worst \n  position)... if you do so, the centralization will also be in the \n  range of [0,1]. \nFor degree, e.g., the 'best position' is to have an edge to all other \n  nodes (i.e. incident edges = number of nodes minus 1) and the 'worst \n  position' is to have no incident edge at all.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,networkx,graph-theory","A_Id":45540101,"CreationDate":"2016-02-06T17:03:00.000","Title":"calculate indegree centralization of graph with python networkx","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a python selenium script to log me into a website.  This website is where I need to book a court at precisely 7am.  I cannot run the script using cron scheduler because that only runs the script and by the time selenium has logged in 7am will have passed. I've tried time() and Webdriverwait but these only allow me to delay hitting a web page button.  I need to synchronise the click of a button at a precise time from within the python script.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":705,"Q_Id":35254240,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It has to be in combination with a cron job.\nYou can start the cron 1-2 minutes earlier, open the login page and, in your python script, sleep until 7am then just login.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,selenium","A_Id":35255120,"CreationDate":"2016-02-07T13:44:00.000","Title":"How can I run code in selenium to execute a function at a specific hour of the day within the python script not cron","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am getting this error while web scraping\n\nhttp protocol error', 0, 'got a bad status line\n\nWhat does it mean? And\nHow can I avoid this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":181,"Q_Id":35264655,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First line of HTTP (>1.0) Response is status line. \nThis error says that your status line is broken. It can be if server response starts with non-RFC status line (i don't think it can be), and if response is version http\/0.9 (no status line and headers). Server answer with HTTP\/0.9 if your request (for example header lines) was broken\nCheck response using wireshark (or something else) and give us a bit more info about your error.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup","A_Id":35265134,"CreationDate":"2016-02-08T07:49:00.000","Title":"How can I avoid Http protocol error 0 while WebScraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to insert millios of rows to redis .\nI gone through the redis massinsertion tutorials and tried\ncat data.txt | python redis_proto.py | redis-cli -p 6321 -a \"myPassword\" --pipe\nhere the redis_proto.py is the python script which reads the data.txt and convert to redis protocol.\nI got some error like as below \nAll data transferred. Waiting for the last reply...\nNOAUTH Authentication required.\nNOAUTH Authentication required. \nany help or suggestions would be appreciated ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3200,"Q_Id":35267280,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I guess in your password there will be \"$\". If it is remove that It will work.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,redis,redis-py","A_Id":35913988,"CreationDate":"2016-02-08T10:23:00.000","Title":"No Auth \"Authentication required\" Error in redis Mass Insertion?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to create a GUI that pops up asking where to download a file using python. I would like it to be similar to the interface that Google Chrome uses when downloading a file as that looks pretty standard. Is there a default module or add on that I can use to create thus GUI? or will I have to create myself? any help would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":60,"Q_Id":35282363,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are a number of GUI toolkits you could use, including:\n\nKivy (modern touch-enabled) \nTkinter (bundled with Python)\n\nThese have file chooser widgets, which you could use that would provide standard-looking interfaces to your file system.\nHow do you want to run this program?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,user-interface,python-3.x,download,tkinter","A_Id":35282454,"CreationDate":"2016-02-09T01:18:00.000","Title":"python 3 create a GUI to set directory in a program","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a scrapy spider that takes as input many urls and classifies them into categories (returned as items). These URLs are fed to the spider via my crawler's start_requests() method.\nSome URLs can be classified without downloading them, so I would like to yield directly an Item for them in start_requests(), which is forbidden by scrapy. How can I circumvent this?\nI have thought about catching these requests in a custom middleware that would turn them into spurious Response objects, that I could then convert into Item objects in the request callback, but any cleaner solution would be welcome.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1541,"Q_Id":35300052,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think using a spider middleware and overwriting the start_requests() would be a good start.\nIn your middleware, you should loop over all urls in start_urls, and could use conditional statements to deal with different types of urls.\n\nFor your special URLs which do not require a request, you can\n\n\ndirectly call your pipeline's process_item(), do not forget to import your pipeline and create a scrapy.item from your url for this\nas you mentioned, pass the url as meta in a Request, and have a separate parse function which would only return the url\n\nFor all remaining URLs, your can launch a \"normal\" Request as you probably already have defined","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":35317246,"CreationDate":"2016-02-09T18:57:00.000","Title":"Returning Items in scrapy's start_requests()","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been trying to figure this all day and I've reached many dead-ends so I thought I reach out to the fine people here @ stackoverflow.\nHere's what I'm working against.  I've had Python 3.5.1 installed into a Linux (Linux [xxx] 2.6.9-42.0.2.ELsmp #1 SMP Thu Aug 17 17:57:31 EDT 2006 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU\/Linux) server I don't, or didn't at the time, have root access to.  For what ever reason PIP was not included in the installation of Python (even though ever posting I've found about installing PIP for Python >3.4 insists it's installed by default).\nI've tried installing installing PIP by using GET-PIP.py, but attempts to run get-ip.py gives a long run of errors (I can provide the errors, if it makes difference).\nI've tried installing PIP by using ensurepip, but I'm blocked by the following error:\npython -m ensurepip\nIgnoring ensurepip failure: pip 7.1.2 requires SSL\/TLS\neven though I have OpenSSL installed,\nopenssl version\nOpenSSL 0.9.7a Feb 19 2003\nUnfortunately, I am stuck here.  I don't know why PIP wasn't included in the Python 3.5.1 build, but I need to correct this.  Any advise would be appreciated.\nDan","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":790,"Q_Id":35301369,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I get the exact same probelm and searching for solutions here.\nYou can try yum install pip","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"pip,python-3.5","A_Id":43424008,"CreationDate":"2016-02-09T20:17:00.000","Title":"python 3.5.1 install pip","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a script in Python that establishes more than 100 parallel SSH connections, starts a script on each machine (the output is 10-50 lines), then waits for the results of the bash script and processes it. However it is run on a web server and I don't know, whether it would be better to first store the output in a file on the remote machine (that way, I suppose, I can start more remote scripts at once) and later establish another SSH connection (1 command \/ 1 connection) and read from those files? Now I am just reading the output but the CPU usage is really high, and I suppose the problem is, that a lot of data comes to the server at once.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51,"Q_Id":35307829,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For creating lots of parallel SSH connections there is already a tool called pssh. You should use that instead.\nBut if we're really talking about 100 machines or more, you should really use a dedicated cluster management and automation tool such as Salt, Ansible, Puppet or Chef.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,bash,ssh,parallel-processing","A_Id":35316821,"CreationDate":"2016-02-10T05:52:00.000","Title":"Script on a web server that establishes a lot of parallel SSH connections, which approach is better?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to scrape a website using Scrapy framework in python. But i am getting the captchas. The server implements the bot detection using Distil netwrok bot detection. Is there anyway i can work around with it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4932,"Q_Id":35314206,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I personally drown it in proxies. 1 proxy for 4 requests before blocked, then I change proxy. I've several tens of thousands of free proxies, so it's not a big problem. But it's not very fast, so I set concurrency to 1k or about that.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,security,web-scraping","A_Id":61044312,"CreationDate":"2016-02-10T11:40:00.000","Title":"Working of the distil networks bot detection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to scrape a website using Scrapy framework in python. But i am getting the captchas. The server implements the bot detection using Distil netwrok bot detection. Is there anyway i can work around with it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":-1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4932,"Q_Id":35314206,"Users Score":-8,"Answer":"You can get over it by using tools like Selenium. It is a web testing framework that automatically loads the web browser to mimic a normal user. Once a page loads, you can scrape the content with tools such as Scrapy or Bs4. Continue loading the next page, then scrape. It's slower than normal scrapers but it does the job and gets through most detectors like Incapsula.\nHope that helps.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,security,web-scraping","A_Id":35330104,"CreationDate":"2016-02-10T11:40:00.000","Title":"Working of the distil networks bot detection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am looking for some real help. I want to web scraping using Python, I need it because i want to import some database, How can we do that in Python. What libraries do we need ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":71,"Q_Id":35328278,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use \n1) Beautiful Soup\n2) Python Requests\n3) Scrapy\n4) Mechanize\n... and many more. These are the most popular tools, and easy to learn for the beginner. \nFrom there, you can branch out to more complex stuff such as UserAgentSpoofing, HTML Load balancing, Regex, XPATH and CSS Selectors. You will need these to scrape more difficult sites that has protection or login fields. \nHope that helps. \nCheers","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7","A_Id":35330126,"CreationDate":"2016-02-10T23:50:00.000","Title":"Python Web scraping- Required Libraries and how to do it","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for some real help. I want to web scraping using Python, I need it because i want to import some database, How can we do that in Python. What libraries do we need ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":71,"Q_Id":35328278,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As others have suggested I too would use Beautiful Soup and Python Requests, but if you get problems with websites which have to load some data with Javascript after the page has loaded and you only get the incomplete html with Request, try using Selenium and PhantomJs for the scraping.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7","A_Id":44280408,"CreationDate":"2016-02-10T23:50:00.000","Title":"Python Web scraping- Required Libraries and how to do it","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I apologize if this question has been answered in a different thread, I have been looking everywhere for the last week but couldn't find anything that is specific to my case.\nI created a .py program that is working as expected, however the moment that I try to convert it into an exe, it starts to generate the following error: \nFile \"site-package\\six.py\", line82, in _import_module\nImportError: No module named urllib2\nI understand that the six module was made to facilitate running the code whether using python 2 or 3 and I also understand that urllib2 has been split into request and error.\nI went through the six.py file to check references of urllib2 but I am not sure what kind of modification I need to make, I am kind of new to Python.\nI tried this in python 2.7.10 and python 3.4 and I really don't understand what I am missing. i also tried pyinstaller and py2exe and got the same error message.\nI didn't include the code I wrote because the error is coming from the six.py file itself.\nAny help that you can provide me to fix this is greatly appreciated.\nThank you!\nIntidhar","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":287,"Q_Id":35339916,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Sometimes python can't see modules in site-packages (or dist-packages in *nix) folder. Especially when you try to use generator (like py2exe) or use python interpreter as zip-package. \nYour module six in site-package folder, but urllib2 is not. I have solved my (similar) problem with copying all modules from site-packages to top-level (site-packages\/..) folder.\nP.S. I know, it is a bad way, but you can do it with your copy of interpreter.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2","A_Id":35340559,"CreationDate":"2016-02-11T12:54:00.000","Title":"no module named urllib2 when converting from .py to .exe","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a chrome extension that injects a content script into every page the user goes to. What i want to do is to get the output of a python function for some use in the content script (can't write it in javascript, since it requires raw sockets to connect to my remote SSL server).\nI've read that one might use CGI and Ajax or the like, to get output from the python code into the javascript code, but i ran into 3 problems:\n\nI cannot allow hosting the python code on a local server, since it is security sensitive data that only the local computer should be able to know. \nChrome demands that HTTP and HTTPS can not mix- if the user goes to an HTTPS website, i can't host the python code on a HTTP server.\nI don't think Chrome even supports CGI on extensions-when i try to access a local file, all it does is print out the text (the python code itself) instead of what i defined to be its output (I tried to do so using Flask). As I said in 1, I shouldn't even try this anyway, but this is just a side note.\n\nSo my question is, how do i get the output of my python functions inside a Content Script, built with javascript?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7214,"Q_Id":35346456,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The only way to get the output of a Python script inside a content script built with Javascript is to call the file with XMLHttpRequest. As you noted, you will have to use an HTTPS connection if the page is served over HTTPS. A workaround for this is to make a call to your background script, which can then fetch the data in whichever protocol it likes, and return it to your content script.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"javascript,python,google-chrome-extension","A_Id":35349167,"CreationDate":"2016-02-11T17:46:00.000","Title":"Combining Python and Javascript in a chrome plugin","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"When I send a message to my Telegram Bot, it responses with no problems.\nI wanna limit the access such that me and only me can send message to it. \nHow can I do that?","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":27010,"Q_Id":35368557,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"Filter messages by field update.message.from.id","Q_Score":23,"Tags":"telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":35375185,"CreationDate":"2016-02-12T17:18:00.000","Title":"How To Limit Access To A Telegram Bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In legacy system, We have created init module which load information and used by various module(import statement). It's big module which consume more memory and process longer time and some of information is not needed or not used till now. There is two propose solution.\n\nCan we determine in Python who is using this module.Fox Example\nLoadData.py ( init Module)\ncontain 100 data member\nA.py\nimport LoadData\nb = LoadData.name\nB.py\nimport LoadData\nb = LoadData.width\nIn above example, A.py using name and B.py is using width and rest information is not required (98 data member is not  required).\nis there anyway which help us to determine usage of  LoadData module along with usage of data member.\nIn  simple, we need to  traverse A.py and B.py and find manually to identify usage of object.\n\nI am trying to implement first solution as I have more than 1000 module and it will be painful to determine by traversing each module. I am open to any tool which can integrate into python","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":35428278,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Your question is quite broad, so I can't give you an exact answer. However, what I would generally do here is to run a linter like flake8 over the whole codebase to show you where you have unused imports and if you have references in your files to things that you haven't imported. It won't tell you if a whole file is never imported by anything, but if you remove all unused imports, you can then search your codebase for imports of a particular module and if none are found, you can (relatively) safely delete that module.\nYou can integrate tools like flake8 with most good text editors, so that they highlight mistakes in real time.\nAs you're trying to work with legacy code, you'll more than likely have many errors when you run the tool, as it looks out for style issues as well as the kinds of import\/usage issues that youre mention. I would recommend fixing these as a matter of principle (as they they are non-functional in nature), and then making sure that you run flake8 as part of your continuous integration to avoid regressions. You can, however, disable particular warnings with command-line arguments, which might help you stage things.\nAnother thing you can start to do, though it will take a little longer to yield results, is write and run unit tests with code coverage switched on, so you can see areas of your codebase that are never executed. With a large and legacy project, however, this might be tough going! It will, however, help you gain better insight into the attribute usage you mention in point 1. Because Python is very dynamic, static analysis can only go so far in giving you information about atttribute usage.\nAlso, make sure you are using a version control tool (such as git) so that you can track any changes and revert them if you go wrong.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,performance,python-2.7,python-3.x,design-patterns","A_Id":35433954,"CreationDate":"2016-02-16T09:14:00.000","Title":"Determine usage\/creation of object and data member into another module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I like to use google when I'm searching for documentation on things related to python. Many times what I am looking for turns out to be in the official python documentation on docs.python.org. Unfortunately, at time of writing, the docs for the python 2.x branch tend to rank much higher on google than the 3.x branch, and I often end up having to switch to the 3.x branch after loading the page for the 2.x documentation. The designers of docs.python.org have made it easy to switch between python versions, which is great; but I just find it annoying to have to switch python versions and wait an extra page load every time I follow a link from google.\nHas anyone has done anything to combat this? I'd love to hear your solutions.\nHere's what I've tried so far:\n\nclicking on the python 3.x link farther down - this works sometimes, but often the discrepancy in ranking between 2.x and 3.x results is quite big, and the 3.x things are hard to find.\ncopying the url from the search result and manually replacing the 2 with 3 - this works but is also inconvenient.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":710,"Q_Id":35488268,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Often when searching for Python stuff, I add the search term \"python\" anyway because many names refer to entirely different things in the world as well. Using \"python3\" here appears to solve your problem. I also feel it a lot less unobtrusive than the hacks you describe.","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python-3.x,google-search","A_Id":35488561,"CreationDate":"2016-02-18T17:22:00.000","Title":"How to make google search results default to python3 docs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the GraphLab equivalent to the following NetworkX code?\nfor nodeset in nx.connected_components(G):\nIn GraphLab, I would like to obtain a set of Vertex IDs for each connected component.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":156,"Q_Id":35489583,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Here is the first cut at porting from NetworkX to GraphLab.  However, iterating appears to be very slow.\ntemp1 = cc['component_id']\ntemp1.remove_column('__id')\nid_set = set()\nid_set = temp1['component_id']\nfor item in id_set:\nnodeset = cc_out[cc_out['component_id'] == item]['__id']","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networkx,graphlab","A_Id":35491984,"CreationDate":"2016-02-18T18:29:00.000","Title":"NetworkX to GraphLab Connected Component Conversion","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a django application that I want to host a form on to use as the template for an ExternalHit on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. I've been trying to figure out ways that I can make it so only mturk is authorized to view this document.\nOne idea I've been considering is looking at the request headers and confirming that the request came from Amazon. However, I couldn't find any documentation regarding any of these topics and I am worried that if the source of the request ever changes the page will become inaccessible to mturk.\nAnyone have any suggestions or solutions that they have implemented?\nFyi, I'm using python\/django\/boto.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":59,"Q_Id":35495874,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Every request from AWS will include additional URL parameters: workerId, assignmentId, hitId. That's probably the easiest way to identify a request coming from MTurk. There may be headers, as well, but they're not documented anywhere.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,authorization,mechanicalturk","A_Id":35503013,"CreationDate":"2016-02-19T01:44:00.000","Title":"What options are there for verifying that mturk is requesting my ExternalQuestion and not a 3rd party?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"note: PhantomJS runs in PyCharm environment, but not IDLE\nI have successfully used PhantomJS in Python in the past, but I do not know what to do to revert to that set up. \nI am receiving this error in Python (2.7.11): selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'phantomjs' executable needs to be in PATH. \nI have tried to 'symlink' phantomjs to the path (usr\/local\/bin [which is also in the path]), and even manually locate \/usr\/local\/bin to place phantomjs in the bin folder. However, there is still a path error in python.\nWhat am I missing?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8984,"Q_Id":35565733,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you were able to execute in Terminal, just restart PyCharm and it will synchronize the environment variables from the system. (You can check in \"RUN\" => \"Edit Configurations\")","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,selenium,phantomjs","A_Id":46802328,"CreationDate":"2016-02-22T23:07:00.000","Title":"PhantomJS was placed in path and can execute in terminal, but PATH error in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've created a docker image based on Ubuntu 14.04 which runs a python websocket client to read from a 3rd party service that sends variable length JSON encoded strings down. I find that the service works well until the encoded string is longer than 8192 bytes and then the JSON is malformed, as everything past 8192 bytes has been cut off.\nIf I use the exact same code on my mac, I see the data come back exactly as expected.\nI am 100% confident that this is an issue with my linux configuration but I am not sure how to debug this or move forward. Is this perhaps a buffer issue or something even more insidious? Can you recommend any debugging steps?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":91,"Q_Id":35567020,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So it turns out the problem came from the provided websocket module from google cloud sdk. It has a bug where after 8192 bytes it will not continue to read from the socket. This can be fixed by supplying the websocket library maintained by Hiroki Ohtani earlier on your PYTHONPATH than the google cloud sdk.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets","A_Id":37220484,"CreationDate":"2016-02-23T01:14:00.000","Title":"Websocket client on linux cuts off response after 8192 bytes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Selenium with Python API and Firefox to do some automatic stuff, and here's my problem:\n\nClick a link on original page, let's say on page a.com\nI'm redirected to b.com\/some\/path?arg=value\nAnd immediately I'm redirected again to the final address c.com\n\nSo is there a way to get the intermediate redirect URL b.com\/some\/path?arg=value with Selenium Python API? I tried driver.current_url but when the browser is on b.com, seems the browser is still under loading and the result returned only if the final address c.com is loaded.\nAnother question is that is there a way to add some event handlers to Selenium for like URL-change? Phantomjs has the capacity but I'm not sure for Selenium.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":14337,"Q_Id":35592602,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Answer my own question.\nIf the redirect chain is very long, consider to try the methods @alecxe and @Krishnan provided. But in this specific case, I've found a much easier workaround:\n\nWhen the page finally landed c.com, use\n  driver.execute_script('return window.document.referrer') to get the\n  intermediate URL","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,selenium,redirect,selenium-webdriver,event-handling","A_Id":35671022,"CreationDate":"2016-02-24T03:19:00.000","Title":"How can I get a intermediate URL from a redirect chain from Selenium using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to scrapping.\nI have a scrapy spider that uses selenium for items interaction \nI tried to run it on a digitalocean droplet but it fails to runs the phantomjs driver all the time like it's kinda blocked raising exception:\n\nBadStatusLine: ''\n\nand any other webdrivers are unstable according to the display issue and xvfb.\nraising irregularly\n\nMessage: The browser appears to have exited before we could connect.\n\nis there any idea what should i do where where i can deploy it ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":146,"Q_Id":35600560,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As for my problem with phantomjs it was solved by reinstalling it and increasing the droplet memory .. and for the other message with the other browsers I used \"xvfb-run -a\" it was a temporary solution but it worked ...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,deployment,scrapy","A_Id":35968793,"CreationDate":"2016-02-24T11:13:00.000","Title":"deployment of scrapy selenium project","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Our infrastructure is using Python for everything in the backend and Javascript for our \"front-end\" (it's a library we serve to other sites). The communication between the different components of the infrastructure is done via JSON messages.\nIn Python, json.load() and json.dump() are a safe way of dealing with a JSON string. In Javascript, JSON.parse() would be use instead. But, these functions only guarantee that the string has a proper JSON format, am I right?\nIf I'm concerned about injection attacks, I would need to sanitize every field of the JSON by other means. Am I right in this assumption? Or just by using the previously mentioned functions we would be safe?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7532,"Q_Id":35630725,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no such thing as sanitized and unsanitized data, without context.\nData is only considered unsafe if user controlled data is used in a context where it has special meaning.\ne.g. ' in SQL, and <script> in HTML.\nContrary to <script> in SQL, which is completely safe.\nThe upshot is to encode\/sanitize when the data is used, not when it is received from JSON.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"javascript,python,json,security","A_Id":35648324,"CreationDate":"2016-02-25T14:54:00.000","Title":"JSON parsing and security","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Our infrastructure is using Python for everything in the backend and Javascript for our \"front-end\" (it's a library we serve to other sites). The communication between the different components of the infrastructure is done via JSON messages.\nIn Python, json.load() and json.dump() are a safe way of dealing with a JSON string. In Javascript, JSON.parse() would be use instead. But, these functions only guarantee that the string has a proper JSON format, am I right?\nIf I'm concerned about injection attacks, I would need to sanitize every field of the JSON by other means. Am I right in this assumption? Or just by using the previously mentioned functions we would be safe?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7532,"Q_Id":35630725,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"JSON.parse will throw an exception if the input string is not in valid JSON format.\nIt is safe to use, I can't think of any way to attack your code with just JSON.parse. It does not work like eval.\nOf course you can check the resulting json object to make sure it has the structure you're expecting.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"javascript,python,json,security","A_Id":35630951,"CreationDate":"2016-02-25T14:54:00.000","Title":"JSON parsing and security","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a website that you can register on, and enter your Power\/Gas company login info. \nI will then have a Python scraper that gets your power\/gas usage and creates bar charts and other information about it. The Python script will run monthly to update with the latest info.\nIs this a terrible idea? I believe the passwords to the power company login will have to be saved in plaintext, there wouldnt be any other way to use them again later if they were encrypted.\nI'm not sure if anyone will trust to give their logins to my website either.\nIs this a bad thing to do, and should it just not be done, or is there a better way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":44,"Q_Id":35654314,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Whatever the context, having the password stored in plain-text is not good at all, even though I like your idea.\nI don't think there could be another way to achieve this, except by having an agreement with the power company.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":35654506,"CreationDate":"2016-02-26T14:30:00.000","Title":"Python HTTPS Login to account to scrape data, is this bad practice?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using amazon s3-boto3 with python to put some files at amazon s3 bucket\n\nbefore running the code i want to make a validation for the \naccess token , secret , region and bucket\nto ensure all the data are correct without waiting for the exception when executing my code.\n\ni checked the documentation and make a search at google with no luck\n\nany help ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":161,"Q_Id":35681330,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you don't want the token credential become show stopper before a massive batch processing, you can try execute a small put_object() to test whether the access is denied. \nBecause many different roles can be specify inside IAM policies and ACL, this is the only feasible ways to validate the access.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,validation,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto3","A_Id":36065806,"CreationDate":"2016-02-28T10:26:00.000","Title":"Amazon S3 validating access token , secret , region and bucket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm having a lot of problems with properly processing certain special characters in my application.\nHere's what I'm doing at the moment: \n\nUser enters a location, data is retrieved via the Google Geolocation API (full name, lat and lon) and is sent via ajax (as a JSON string) to a python script \nThe python script parses the JSON string, reads the parameters and executes a http request to an API, which runs on nodejs\nData is inserted into MongoDB\n\nThe problem is when there's a special character in the location name. The original location name I'm testing on has the character \u00e8. When the json is parsed in Python I get a \\xc9 and after the process completes I always end up with a completely different (mostly invalid) character in the database than what was originally entered. I've tried all sorts of encoding and decoding (mostly from similar questions on stackoverflow), but I don't properly understand what exactly I should do.\nAny tips would be appreciated. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":290,"Q_Id":35686627,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Have you tried var myEncodedString = encodeURIComponent('your string or whatever'); in your js code","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,mongodb,special-characters","A_Id":35686982,"CreationDate":"2016-02-28T18:38:00.000","Title":"encoding special characters in javascript\/python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python WSGI module for servicing IPv4 http requests. Does WGSI support IPv6 requests? Can it listen to IPv6 IP port combination?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":394,"Q_Id":35702619,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"WSGI is completely unconcerned with IP versions; it is a specification for communication between a webserver and Python code. It is up to your server - Apache, nginx, gunicorn, uwsgi, whatever - to listen to the port.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,wsgi","A_Id":35702780,"CreationDate":"2016-02-29T14:54:00.000","Title":"Does python WSGI supports IPv6?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to build a Twitter crawler that would crawl all the tweets of a specified user and would save them in json format. While trying to convert the Status object into json format using _json attribute of Status, I'm getting the following error : \nAttributeError : 'Status' object has no attribute '_json'\nCan anyone please help me with this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1607,"Q_Id":35714894,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The _json attribute started working once I upgraded my tweepy version to 3.5.0.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,tweepy","A_Id":35715292,"CreationDate":"2016-03-01T04:51:00.000","Title":"Tweepy : AttributeError : Status object has no attribute _json","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"At the moment I'm writing on a program to fill a database with product information. I've got a list of categories, from which i need the 20 best products from Amazon. Since i only got a keyword list of them and no BrowseNodes, I can't search in other SearchIndexes  then \"All\" with the Amazon API. This leads to alot of false Products. \nFor example the categorie \"tennis bat\" gives me about 12 real tennis bat's and 8 other things for tennis, for example a damper, tennis bags or sometimes things completly unrelated.\nI've also found no reliable way of getting the BrowseNode of a categorie. \nI've tried to search for Items with the Keyword and getting the BrowseNode of the first Item, but not only does those products have many different BrowseNodes, but sometimes they dont relate to the keyword at all.\nI also can't search for them manually, because the list of categories is over 700 by now.\nWould love any input on my problem.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":93,"Q_Id":35721894,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The only answer I've found so far, is manually choosing BrowseNode and SearchIndex","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon,amazon-product-api","A_Id":35895419,"CreationDate":"2016-03-01T11:38:00.000","Title":"Get best products of an Amazon categorie","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm researching about WebSockets atm and just found Autobahn with Autobahn|Python.\nI'm not sure that I understand the function of that toolset (?) correctly.\nMy intention is to use a WebSocket-Server for communication between a C program and a HTML client. \nThe idea is to let the C program connect via WebSocket to the Server and send the calculation progress of the C program to every HTML client that is connected to that WebSocket-Server.\nAm I able to write a WebSocket Server with Autobahn|Python and then connect with an HTML5-client and a C program client?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":59,"Q_Id":35742708,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Autobahn|Python provides both a WebSocket implementation for Python and an implementation for a client for the WAMP protocol on top of that.\nYou can use the WebSocket part on its own to implement your WebSocket server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,c,html,websocket,autobahn","A_Id":35795470,"CreationDate":"2016-03-02T09:08:00.000","Title":"Is the following principle the right for autobahn python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to build a library of about 3000 IP Addresses. They will each be run through a program I have already written separately. It will scan 60 of them a day, so it needs to keep track of which is scanned and put them at the back of the queue.\nI'm not looking for you to write the code, just a little bit of a push in the right direction.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":59,"Q_Id":35801424,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am not sure, but hope if this could help.\n\nmake a priority queue. \npriority will be on the time-stamp on which it was accessed. \n(if it was accessed sooner it will have less priority).\n\n{\"ip\": \"time-stamp when it was accessed\"}\n\nkeep the queue sorted. On top you would have the least recently used ones.\nso for 50 days you will have unique ip and after that it would repeat.\nyou could keep a list of time-stamp against each ip so you know when it accessed \n{\"ip\": [\"time-stamp when it was accessed\", \"time-stamp when it was accessed\"], ...}\nyou can use pickle or mongodb to dump and get back the data.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,queue","A_Id":35889996,"CreationDate":"2016-03-04T16:41:00.000","Title":"Building a queue in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I run this earlier in the code\nwatch(\"httpstream\")\nSubsequently, any py2neo commands that triggers HTTP traffic will result in verbose logging. How can I stop the effect of watch() logging without creating a new Graph instance?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":183,"Q_Id":35847399,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You don't. That is, I've not written a way to do that.\nThe watch function is intended only as a debugging utility for an interactive console session. You shouldn't need to use it in an application.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,neo4j,py2neo","A_Id":35849399,"CreationDate":"2016-03-07T15:20:00.000","Title":"How do I stop py2neo watch()?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How to send an audio file as message in Cloudamqp? \nI'm guessing I need its byte stream and send it as a JSON. But I'm not sure if that is possible. Or do I just send the link of the location of the audio file for download?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":404,"Q_Id":35869226,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The message body is a buffer, you can put what you prefer inside.\nJSON, ANS1, XML or buffer audio.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rabbitmq,messages,bytestream,cloudamqp","A_Id":35869733,"CreationDate":"2016-03-08T13:52:00.000","Title":"RabbitMQ and Audiofiles","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to show live webcam video stream on webpage and I have a working draft. However, I am not satisfied with the performance and looking for a better way to do the job.\nI have a webcam connected to Raspberry PI and a web server which is a simple python-Flask server. Webcam images are captured by using OpenCV and formatted as JPEG. Later, those JPEGs are sent to one of the server's UDP ports. What I did up to this point is something like a homemade MJPEG(motion-jpeg) streaming. \nAt the server-side I have a simple python script that continuously reads UDP port and put JPEG image in the HTML5 canvas. That is fast enough to create a perception of a live stream. \nProblems:\n\nThis compress the video very little. Actually it does not compress the video. It only decreases the size of a frame by formatting as JPEG.\nFPS is low and also quality of the stream is not that good.\nIt is not a major point for now but UDP is not a secure way to stream video.\nServer is busy with image picking from UDP. Needs threaded server design.\n\nAlternatives:\n\nI have used FFMPEG before to convert video formats and also stream pre-recorded video. I guess, it is possible to encode(let say H.264) and stream WebCam live video using ffmpeg or avconv. (Encoding)\n\n\nIs this applicable on Raspberry PI ?\n\n\nVLC is able to play live videos streamed on network.  (Stream)\n\n\nIs there any Media Player to embed on HTML\/Javascript to handle\n  network stream like the VLC does ?\n\n\nI have read about HLS (HTTP Live Stream) and MPEG-DASH. \n\n\nDoes these apply for this case ? If it does,how should I use them ?\nIs there any other way to show live stream on webpage ?\n\n\nRTSP is a secure protocol.\n\n\nWhat is the best practice for transport layer protocol in video\n  streaming ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8409,"Q_Id":35880417,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could use FFmpeg to mux the video stream in to H.264 in a mp4 container and then that can be directly used in a HTML5 video element.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,video,ffmpeg,video-streaming,http-live-streaming","A_Id":35886856,"CreationDate":"2016-03-08T23:56:00.000","Title":"Live Video Encoding and Streaming on a Webpage","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using py.test for REST API automation using python request library. \nHow to get coverage using pytest-cov tool. I'm running the automation on build server and code is executed in application server.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1073,"Q_Id":35910573,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The usual coverage tools are built for the much more common case of the measured code being run inside the same process as the test runner.  You not only are running in a different process, but a different machine.\nYou can use coverage.py directly on the remote machine when you start the process running the code under test.  How you would do that depends on how you start that process today.  The simple rule of thumb is that wherever you had been saying, \"python my_prog.py\", you can say, \"coverage run my_prog.py\".","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,pytest,coverage.py","A_Id":35939160,"CreationDate":"2016-03-10T07:51:00.000","Title":"pytest-cov get automation coverage from remote server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Another way I could ask this question is:\nHow do I set pages served by Apache to have higher privileges? This would be similar to me setting an Application Pool in IIS to use different credentials.\nI have multiple Perl and Python scripts I am publishing through a web front end. The front end is intended to run any script I have in a database. With most of the scripts I have no issues... but anything that seems to utilize the network returns nothing. No error messages or failures reported. Running from CLI as ROOT works, run from WEB GUI as www-data calling same command fails.\nI am lumping Python and Perl together in this question because the issue is the same leading me to believe it isn't a code issue, it is a permissions issue. Also why I am not including code, initially.\nThese are running on linux using Apache and PHP5. Python 2.7 and Perl5 I believe. Here are examples of apps I have that are failing:\n\nPython - Connecting out to VirusTotal API\nPerl - Connecting to Domains and Creating a Graph with GraphViz\nPerl - Performing a Wake On LAN function on a local network segment.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":35961414,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"So after I posted this I looked into Handlers like I use for IIS. That led me down the path of SUEXEC and through everything I tried I couldn't get Apache to load it. Even made sure that I set the bits for SETUID and SETGID. \nWhen I was researching that I ran across .htaccess files and how they can enable CGI scripts. I didn't want to put in .htaccess files so I just made sure the apache.conf was configured to allow CGI. That also did not help.\nSo finally while I was studying .htaccess they referred to ScriptAlias. I believe this is what solved my issue. I modified the ScriptAlias section in an apache configuration file to point to my directory containing the script. After some fussing with absolute directories and permissions for the script to read\/write a file I got everything to work except it isn't going through the proxy set by environment http_proxy. That is a separate issue though so I think I am good to go on this issue. I will attempt the same solution on my perl LAMP.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,apache,perl,privileges","A_Id":35962761,"CreationDate":"2016-03-12T18:07:00.000","Title":"Perl\/Python Scripts Fail to Access Internet\/Network through Web GUI","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to get users access matrix for Jenkins users using Python. What is endpoint for REST API ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":871,"Q_Id":35987855,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"User matrix can be get by using {jenkins_url}\/computer\/(master)\/config.xml request. After that you can parse it and create list of users with permissions.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,jenkins,jenkins-plugins,jenkins-cli","A_Id":36003452,"CreationDate":"2016-03-14T12:42:00.000","Title":"Jenkins get user access Matrix","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I launch an EMR using spot block (AWS) using boto ? I am trying to launch it using boto but I cannot find any parameter --block-duration-minutes in boto, I am unable to find how to do this using boto3.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":454,"Q_Id":36029866,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"According to the boto3 documentation, yes it does support spot blocks. \n\nBlockDurationMinutes (integer) --\n  The defined duration for Spot instances (also known as Spot blocks) in minutes. When specified, the Spot instance does not terminate before the defined duration expires, and defined duration pricing for Spot instances applies. Valid values are 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, or 360. The duration period starts as soon as a Spot instance receives its instance ID. At the end of the duration, Amazon EC2 marks the Spot instance for termination and provides a Spot instance termination notice, which gives the instance a two-minute warning before it terminates.\n\nIniside the LaunchSpecifications dictionary, you need to assign a value to BlockDurationMinutes.  However, the maximum value is 360 (6 hours) for a spot block.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python-2.7,boto,emr,boto3","A_Id":46980003,"CreationDate":"2016-03-16T08:02:00.000","Title":"How can I launch an EMR using SPOT Block using boto?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working with django-websocket-redis lib, that allow establish websockets over uwsgi in separated django loop. \nBy the documentation I understand well how to send data from server through websockets, but I don't understand how to receive. \nBasically I have client and I want to send periodically from the client to server status. I don't understand what I need to do, to handle receiving messages from client on server side? What URL I should use on client?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":312,"Q_Id":36037286,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can achieve that by using periodically ajax calls from client to server. From documentation:\n\nA client wishing to trigger events on the server side, shall use\n  XMLHttpRequests (Ajax), as they are much more suitable, rather than\n  messages sent via Websockets. The main purpose for Websockets is to\n  communicate asynchronously from the server to the client.\n\nUnfortunately I was unable to find the way to achieve it using just websocket messages.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ios,django,sockets,websocket","A_Id":36880964,"CreationDate":"2016-03-16T13:37:00.000","Title":"Receive data on server side with django-websocket-redis?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"as I'm using aws I'm looking into two tutorials just to make sure I do it right. and I'm at a step to do eb init, and it asks \"do you want ssh for your instance?\" one tutorial says I should say yes and the other says i should put no...isn't ssh the one that connects my laptop with amazon's network shouldn't I put yes for this?but why does the tutorial say I should put no","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":35,"Q_Id":36051581,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The advice against using ssh comes from a well-meaning bunch that wants us all to create reproducible configurations that don't require administrators to login in order to periodically tweak the config.  It also becomes another interface that must be secured.\nIdeally, everything you need is independent of ssh because you are providing some internet-accessible service like a webserver\/database\/etc.\nIf your process isn't that mature yet, it's acceptable to enable ssh, but you should strive towards not needing it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,amazon-web-services,ssh","A_Id":36051700,"CreationDate":"2016-03-17T04:17:00.000","Title":"do you want ssh for your instance?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have machine with multiple NICs that can be connected to one net, to different nets or every other possible way. Python script that uses requests module to send POST\/GET requests to the server is ran on that machine.\nSo, the question is next: how can I know in python script from which interface requests will be sent?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":204,"Q_Id":36054602,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Here there are two different answers. The one is for the case where you want to specify the NIC to send the request and the other is for what you're asking: find the correct NIC. \nFor the second answer, I can only say that it depends. Are these NICs on the same network \/ subnet? Are they bonded? \nIf they are on a different network then you can know the host IP Address and use the computer's routing table to see which NIC the packet will go through. If they are bonded on the same network then the request will leave from the bond interface since it is (normally) the one with an IP Address. If they are on the same network and have a different IP on the same subnet then it depends. Can you provide some more information in that case?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,post,network-programming,python-requests","A_Id":36056276,"CreationDate":"2016-03-17T07:58:00.000","Title":"Python 3: how to get nic from which will be sent packets to certain ip?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to represent a conversation as a series of decisions for a chatbot I'm building. I'm not sure if a tree is the best data structure of this, but it was the first that came to mind.\nFor example, the chatbot may ask the user \"How are you?\", to which the user might respond positively or negatively. If the user responds positively, I want the chatbot to traverse the tree in that direction where the next node would be the set of possible responses to a positive answer (and vice versa).\nIs this the right way to represent a conversation like this? If so, what is the best way to implement it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":572,"Q_Id":36063280,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think it's difficult.Your way is too simple to reach your demand.\nFirst, how do you judge the answer that users respond is positive or negative?\nHow about the user answering \"Who are you?\"\nIf the answer users respond is also simple ,it might work.Just search in the tree to find the answer to the user's repond.\nMaybe you can learn some Artificial Intelligence method to do it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,data-structures,tree,chat,chatbot","A_Id":36063802,"CreationDate":"2016-03-17T14:20:00.000","Title":"Tree Data Structure for Conversation","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to find, do I follow someone or not. I realized that although it is written in official Tweepy document, I cannot use API.exists_friendship anymore. Therefore, I tried to use API.show_friendship(source_id\/source_screen_name, target_id\/target_screen_name) and as the document said it returns me friendship object. (<tweepy.models.Friendship object at 0x105cd0890>, <tweepy.models.Friendship object at 0x105cd0ed0>) \nWhen I write screen_names = [user.screen_name for user in connection.show_friendship(target_id=someone_id)] it returns my_username and username for someone_id.\nCan anyone tell me how can I use it properly? or is there any other method that simply returns me True\/False because I just want to know do I follow him\/her or not.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3016,"Q_Id":36118490,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"i am using below code this works fine  ..\n     if(api.show_friendship(source_screen_name='venky6amesh', target_screen_name='vag')):\n            print(\"the user is not a friend of \")\n            try:\n                api.create_friendship(j)\n                print('success')\n            except tweepy.TweepError as e:\n                print('error')\n                print(e.message[0]['code']) \n            else:\n                print(\"user is a friend of \",j)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tweepy","A_Id":55508308,"CreationDate":"2016-03-20T19:31:00.000","Title":"Checking friendship in Tweepy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My 10 year old and I are implementing a project which calls for audio to be played by a Chromecast Audio after a physical button is pressed. \nShe is using python and pychromecast to connect up to a chromecast audio. \nThe audio files are 50k mp3 files and hosted over wifi on the same raspberry pi running the button tools. They are hosted using nginx. \nDelay from firing the play_media function in pychromecast to audio coming out of the chromecast is at times in excess of 3 seconds, and never less than 1.5 seconds. This seems, anecdotally, to be much slower than casting from spotify or pandora. And, it's definitely too slow to make pushing the button 'fun'.\nFile access times can matter on the pi, but reading the entire file using something like md5sum takes less than .02 seconds, so we are not dealing with filesystem lag. \nAverage file download times for the mp3 files from the pi is 80-100ms over wifi, so this is not the source of the latency.\nCan anyone tell me\n\nWhat the expected delay is for the chromecast audio to play a short file\nIf pychromecast is particularly inefficient here, and if so, any suggestions for go, python or lisp-based libraries that could be used. \nAny other tips for minimizing latency? We have already downconverted from wav files thinking raw http speed could be an issue. \n\nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":657,"Q_Id":36122859,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I've been testing notifications with pychromecast. I've got a delay of 7 sec.\nSince you can't play a local file, but only a file hosted on a webserver, I guess the chromecast picks up the file externally.\nRouting is via google's servers, which is what google does with all its products.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,audio,raspberry-pi,chromecast","A_Id":41686041,"CreationDate":"2016-03-21T03:51:00.000","Title":"Expected Chromecast Audio Delay?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am currently implementing a socket server using Python's socketServer module. I am struggling to understand how a client 'signals' the server to perform certain tasks. \nAs you can tell, I am a beginner in this area. I have looked at many tutorials, however, these only tell you how to perform singular tasks in the server e.g. modify a message from the client and send it back.\nIdeally what I want to know is there a way for the client to communicate with the server to perform different kinds of tasks.\nIs there a standard approach to this issue?\nAm I even using the correct type of server?\nI was thinking of implementing some form of message passing from the client that tells the server which task it should perform.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":70,"Q_Id":36176502,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I was thinking of implementing some form of message passing from the client that tells the server which task it should perform.\n\nThat's exactly what you need: an application protocol.\nA socket (assuming a streaming Internet socket, or TCP) is a stream of bytes, nothing more. To give those bytes any meaning, you need a protocol that determines which byte (or sequence thereof) means what.\nThe main problem to tackle is that the stream that such a socket provides has no notion of \"messages\". So when one party sends \"HELLO\", and \"BYE\" after that, it all gets concatenated into the stream: \"HELLOBYE\". Or worse even, your server first receives \"HELL\", followed by \"OBYE\". \nSo you need message framing, or rules how to interpret where messages start and end. \nYou generally don't want to invent your own application protocol. Usually HTTP or other existing protocols are leveraged to pass messages around.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,server","A_Id":36176937,"CreationDate":"2016-03-23T11:09:00.000","Title":"how does a server execute different tasks based on client input?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently came to know about protractor framework which provides end to end testing for angular applications.\nI would like to know, which test framework suits better for following webstack, either selenium or protractor\n\nAngular, Python and MongoDB.\n\nI am going to use mozilla browser only.\nCan anyone please provide your valueable suggestions","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":548,"Q_Id":36178187,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Protractor is based off using Selenium webdrivers.  If you have an Angular app for your entire front-end, I would go with Protractor.  If you are going to have a mixed front-end environment, you may want to go with Selenium only.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,angularjs,selenium,testing,protractor","A_Id":36178367,"CreationDate":"2016-03-23T12:26:00.000","Title":"For E2E Testing: which is better selenium or protractor for following web stack (Angular, Python and MongoDB)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to setup a basic socket program using TCP connections in Python, such as creating a socket, binding it to a specific address and port, as well as sending and receiving a HTTP packet.\nI'm having trouble receiving the request message from the client.\nI'm using the following:\nmessage = serverSocket.receive\nBut when I go to the socket, port and file that's in my server directory through my browser I get the following error from IDLE:\nAttributeError: 'socket' object has no attribute 'receive'\nIs this the wrong approach to receive a request message from a client?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":36187372,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In order to receive data from a client\/server via TCP in python using sockets:\nsomeData = sock.recv(1024)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":37614849,"CreationDate":"2016-03-23T19:45:00.000","Title":"Python Socket Setup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm storing some information in Base64 encoded python lists, then decode them in javascript. However it does not parse my \"list\" as an array (the syntax is the same) because it gives me this error:\n\nSyntaxError: JSON.parse: unexpected character at line 1 column 2 of\n  the JSON data\n\nSo it turns out, myString = \"['foo']\" returns this error, but myString = '[\"foo\"]' works just fine. (In firefox at least)\nWhy does this happen? It makes zero sense, the quotation marks are not the same, so why does it throw an error?\nPython always returns the string wrapped in \"\" and the actual contents of the list wrapped in '' so there is no way to change that.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":36,"Q_Id":36191804,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"JSON uses \" to wrap strings, not ', thus 'foo' is not valid JSON string.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,json","A_Id":36191835,"CreationDate":"2016-03-24T01:38:00.000","Title":"Weird error on trying to parse an stringed array with JSON","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to intercept HTTP requests sent via an application I have installed on my Windows 7 machine. I'm not sure what platform the application is built on, I just know that Fiddler isn't correctly intercepting anything that this program is sending\/receiving. Requests through Chrome are intercepted fine. \nCan Fiddler be set up as a proxy for ALL applications, and if so, how would I go about doing this? I have no control over the application code, it's just something I installed. It is a live bidding auction program which seems to mainly display HTML pages inside the application window.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":767,"Q_Id":36193175,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Fiddler isn't correctly intercepting anything that this program is sending\/receiving\n\nThat means the program is either firing requests to localhost (very unlikely), or ignoring the proxy settings for the current user (most likely). The latter also means this application won't function on a machine where a proxy connection is required in order to make HTTP calls to the outside.\nThe alternative would be to use a packet inspector like Wireshark, or to let the application be fixed to respect proxy settings, or to capture all HTTP requests originating from that machine on another level, for example the next router in your network.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"http,python-requests,fiddler","A_Id":36207761,"CreationDate":"2016-03-24T04:13:00.000","Title":"Using Fiddler to intercept requests from Windows program","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I recently bought a Windows 10 machine and now I want to run a server locally for testing a webpage I am developing.\nOn Windows 7 it was always very simple to start a HTTP Server via python and the command prompt. Fx writing the below code would fire up a HTTP server and I could watch the website through localhost.\n\nC:\\pathToIndexfile\\python -m SimpleHTTPServer\n\nThis does however not seems to work on Windows 10...\nDoes anyone know how to do this on Windows 10?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":25052,"Q_Id":36223345,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"Ok, so different commands is apparently needed. \nThis works:\n\nC:\\pathToIndexfile\\py -m http.server\n\nAs pointed out in a comment, the change to \"http.server\" is not because of windows, but because I changed from python 2 to python 3.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,windows-10,simplehttpserver","A_Id":36223473,"CreationDate":"2016-03-25T15:55:00.000","Title":"How to start python simpleHTTPServer on Windows 10","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using NameCheap to host my domain, and I use their privateemail.com to host my email. I'm looking to create a python program to retrieve specific\/all emails from my inbox and to read the HTML from them (html instead of .body because there is a button that has a hyperlink which I need an is only accessible via html). I had a couple questions for everyone.\n\nWould the best way to do this be via IMAPlib? If it is, how do I find out the imap server for privateemail.com?\nI could do this via selenium, but it would be heavy and I would prefer a lighter weight and faster solution. Any ideas on other possible technologies to use?\n\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":411,"Q_Id":36234690,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Well, just a little bit of testing with telnet will give you the answer to the question 'how do I find the imap server for privateemail.com'.  \nmail.privateemail.com is their IMAP server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email","A_Id":36242008,"CreationDate":"2016-03-26T11:24:00.000","Title":"Retrieving emails from NameCheap Private Email","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a node.js server which is communicating from a net socket to python socket. When the user sends an asynchronous ajax request with the data, the node server passes it to the python and gets data back to the server and from there to the client.\nThe problem occurs when the user sends the ajax request: he has to wait for the response and if the python process takes too much time then the ajax is already timed out.\nI tried to create a socket server in node.js and a client that connects to the socket server in python with the data to process. The node server responds to the client with a loading screen. When the data is processed  the python socket client connects to the node.js socket server and passes the processed data. However the client can not request the processed data because he doesn't know when it's done.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":99,"Q_Id":36246925,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So you have three systems, and an asynchronous request.  I solved a problem like this recently using PHP and the box.com API. PHP doesn't allow keeping a connection open indefinitely so I had a similar problem.\nTo solve the problem, I would use a recursive request. It's not 'real-time' but that is unlikely to matter.\nHow this works: \n\nThe client browser sends the \"Get my download thing\" request to the Node.js server. The Node.js server returns a unique request id to the client browser.\nThe client browser starts a 10 second poll, using the unique request id to see if anything has changed. Currently, the answer is no.\nThe Node.js server receives this and sends a  \"Go get his download thing\" request to the Python server. (The client browser is still polling every 10 seconds, the answer is still no)\nThe python server actually goes and gets his download thing, sticks it in a place, creates a URL and returns that to the Node.js server. (The client browser is still polling every 10 seconds, the answer is still no)\nThe Node.js server receives a message back from the Python server with the URL to the thing. It stores the URL against the request id it started with. At this point, its state changes to \"Yes, I have your download thing, and here it is! - URL).\nThe client browser receives the lovely data packet with its URL, stops polling now, and skips happily away into the sunset. (or similar more appropriate digital response).\n\nHope this helps to give you a rough idea of how you might solve this problem without depending on push technology. Consider tweaking your poll interval (I suggested 10 seconds to start) depending on how long the download takes.  You could even get tricky, wait 30 seconds, and then poll every 2 seconds.  Fine tune it to your problem.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,ajax,node.js,sockets","A_Id":36248252,"CreationDate":"2016-03-27T11:46:00.000","Title":"Node.js long term tasks","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Has anyone had trouble verifying\/submitting code to the google foobar challenges? I have been stuck unable to progress in the challenges, not because they are difficult but because I literally cannot send anything. \nAfter I type \"verify solution.py\" it responds \"Verifying solution...\" then after a delay: \"There was a problem evaluating your code.\"\nI had the same problem with challenge 1. I waited an hour then tried verifying again and it worked. Challenge 2 I had no problems. But now with challenge 3 I am back to the same cryptic error. \nTo ensure it wasn't my code, I ran the challenge with no code other than \"return 3\" which should be the correct response to test 1. So I would have expected to see a \"pass\" for test 1 and then \"fail\" for all the rest of the tests. However it still said \"There was a problem evaluating your code.\"\nI tried deleting cookies and running in a different browser. Neither changed anything. I waited overnight, still nothing. I am slowly running out of time to complete the challenge. Is there anything I can do?\nEdit: I've gotten negative votes already. Where else would I put a question about the google foobar python challenges? Also, I'd prefer not to include the actual challenge or my code since it's supposedly secret, but if necessary I will do so.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9217,"Q_Id":36265728,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Re-indenting the file seemed to help, but that might have just been coincidental.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,google-chrome","A_Id":36270465,"CreationDate":"2016-03-28T15:44:00.000","Title":"Error with the google foobar challenges","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to get information on a large number of scholarly articles as part of my research study. The number of articles is on the order of thousands. Since Google Scholar does not have an API, I am trying to scrape\/crawl scholar. Now I now, that this is technically against the EULA, but I am trying to be very polite and reasonable about this. I understand that Google doesn't allow bots in order to keep traffic within reasonable limits. I started with a test batch of ~500 hundred requests with 1s in between each request. I got blocked after about the first 100 requests. I tried multiple other strategies including:\n\nExtending the pauses to ~20s and adding some random noise to them\nMaking the pauses log-normally distributed (so that most pauses are on the order of seconds but every now and then there are longer pauses of several minutes and more)\nDoing long pauses (several hours) between blocks of requests (~100). \n\nI doubt that at this point my script is adding any considerable traffic over what any human would. But one way or the other I always get blocked after ~100-200 requests. Does anyone know of a good strategy to overcome this (I don't care if it takes weeks, as long as it is automated). Also, does anyone have experience dealign with Google directly and asking for permission to do something similar (for research etc.)? Is it worth trying to write them and explain what I'm trying to do and how, and see whether I can get permission for my project? And how would I go about contacting them? Thanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4309,"Q_Id":36270867,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Without testing, I'm still pretty sure one of the following does the trick :\n\nEasy, but small chance of success :\nDelete all cookies from site in question after every rand(0,100) request,\nthen change your user-agent, accepted language, etc. and repeat.\nA bit more work, but a much sturdier spider as result : \nSend your requests through Tor, other proxies, mobile networks, etc. to mask your IP (also do suggestion 1 at every turn)\n\nUpdate regarding Selenium\nI missed the fact that you're using Selenium, took for granted it was some kind of modern programming language only (I know that Selenium can be driven by most widely used languages, but also as some sort of browser plug-in, demanding very little programming skills). \nAs I then presume your coding skills aren't (or weren't?) mind-boggling, and for others with the same limitations when using Selenium, my answer is to either learn a simple, scripting language (PowerShell?!) or JavaScript (since it's the web you're on ;-)) and take it from there.\nIf automating scraping smoothly was as simple as a browser plug-in, the web would have to be a much more messy, obfuscated and credential demanding place.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,google-scholar","A_Id":37187565,"CreationDate":"2016-03-28T20:45:00.000","Title":"Crawling Google Scholar","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing an html web page which will visualize data. The intention is that this web page works only on one computer, so I don't want it to be online. Just off line. The web uses only Js, css and html. It is very simple and is not using any database, the data is loaded through D3js XMLHttpRequest. Up to now it is working with a local python server for development, through python -m SimpleHTTPServer. Eventually I will want to launch it easyer. Is it possible to pack the whole thing in a launchable app? Do you recommend some tools to do it or some things to read? What about the server part? Is it possible to launch a \"SimpleHTTPServer\" kind of thing without the console? Or maybe just one command which launches the server plus the web?\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":61,"Q_Id":36275331,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Not too sure what you are trying to achieve from reading the question. but from what i understand is that you'd like to be able to launch your application and serve it on the web when done.\nyou could use heroku!(www.heroku.com), same way you are hosting the application on your local, you simply make a Procfile, and in that file you put in the command that you'd normally run on your local, and push to Heroku.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,server","A_Id":36275505,"CreationDate":"2016-03-29T04:16:00.000","Title":"Serving locally a webapp","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I know this question has already been asked several times on the site, but I have not seen any satisfactory answer. I have a project partitionned like this\n\nTLS project (folder)\nsniffer_tls.py\n| - tls (folder)\n     | - __init__.py\n     | - tls_1_2.py\n         | - handshake (folder)\n             | --__ Init__.py\n             | - client_hello.py\n\nwhen I am importing tls_1_2.py sniffer_tls.py in the main file, there is no problem. By cons when I import client_hello in tls_1_2.py, there python that mistake me out\n\nFile \"\/home\/kevin\/Documents\/Python\/Projet TLS\/tls\/tls_1_2.py\", line 8, in \n    import handshake.client_hello\nImportError: No module named 'handshake'\n\nI tried to import this way\nimport handshake.client_hello\nand then I tried another way that I read on the forum\nimport client_hello from handshake.client_hello\nI deleted the init.py file to test, it does not work either, I really need help to solve this problem","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":258,"Q_Id":36328123,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You seem to have a typo in your \"handshake\" __init__.py file. Instead you've named it __Init__.py with capital 'I'","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,import","A_Id":42805878,"CreationDate":"2016-03-31T08:32:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named xxxxx","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I have a script which uploads a file to a specific folder. I want to get URL of the most recently uploaded item in that folder? How would I accomplish this in as simple a manner is possibly.\nFor example, say I have a folder called \"Photos\", and I want to retrieve the latest item that was uploaded to that folder and display it somewhere. How can I get that URL? You may assume \"Photos\" is a shared folder.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":191,"Q_Id":36380202,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Hash the file names, stored the last file name into database\nRename the file names using timestamp","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-drive-api","A_Id":36380299,"CreationDate":"2016-04-03T00:18:00.000","Title":"Get the URL of the last item added to a folder","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using select.poll on Ubuntu with a socket and have registered POLLIN, POLLERR, and POLLHUP.\nMy understanding is that the condition when a POLLIN event occurs and recv() returns no data indicates that the peer has disconnected. My testing seems to verify this.\nBut why do I not get POLLHUP? Does this have different semantics?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":607,"Q_Id":36414696,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The event value is a bitmap.  \nIf you get POLLIN(value:1), you have something to read,\nIf you get POLLHUP(value:16), your input is ended,\nSo when you get POLLIN(1) & POLLHUP(16) = 17, that meanss that your input is ended and that your have still something to read from the buffer,  \nAfter you read everything from the buffer, you get only POLLHUP alone everytime you call poll() :\nIn that case, it is no use to keep a file descriptor in the poll list,\nit is better to unregister this file descriptor immediately.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,select","A_Id":42612778,"CreationDate":"2016-04-04T23:37:00.000","Title":"Python: select.POLLHUP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a graph search problem that can be distilled to the following simpler example:\nUpdated to clarify based on response below\nThe Easter Bunny is hopping around the forest collecting eggs.  He knows how many eggs to expect from every bush, but every bush has a unique number of eggs.  It takes the Easter Bunny 30 minutes to collected from any given bush.  The easter bunny searches for eggs 5 days a week, up to 8 hours per day.  He typically starts and ends in his burrow, but on Tuesday he plans to end his day at his friend Peter Rabbit's burrow.  Mrs. Bunny gave him a list of a few specific bushes to visit on specific days\/times - these are intermediate stops that must be hit, but do not list all stops (maybe 1-2 per day).  Help the Easter Bunny design a route that gives him the most eggs at the end of the week.\nGiven Parameters:  undirected graph (g), distances between nodes are travel times, 8 hours of time per day, 5 working days, list of (node,time,day) tuples (r) , list of (startNode, endNode, day) tuples (s)\nQuestion: Design a route that maximizes the value collected over the 5 days without going over the allotted time in any given day.\nConstraints: visit every node in r on the prescribed time\/day. for each day in s, start and end at the corresponding nodes, whose collection value is 0. Nodes cannot be visited more than once per week.\nApproach: Since there won't be very many stops, given the time at each stop and the travel times (maybe 10-12 on a large day) my first thought was to brute force all routes that start\/stop at the correct points, and just run this 5 times, removing all visited nodes.  From there, separately compute the collected value of each allowable route.  However, this doesn't account for the fact that my \"best\" route on day one may ruin a route that would be best on day 5, given required stops on that day.\nTo solve that problem I considered running one long search by concatenating all the days and just starting from t = 0 (beginning of week) to t = 40 (end of week), with the start\/end points for each day as intermediate stops.  This gets too long to brute force.\nI'm struggling a little with how to approach the problem - it's not a TSP problem - I'm only going to visit a fraction of all nodes (maybe 50 of 200).  It's also not a dijkstra's pathing problem, the shortest path typically would be to go nowhere.  I need to maximize the total collected value in the allotted time making the required intermediate stops.  Any thoughts on how to proceed would be greatly appreciated!  Right now I've been approaching this using networkx in python.\nEdit following response\nIn response to your edit - I'm looking for an approach to solve the problem - I can figure out the code later, I'm leaning towards A* over MDFS, because I don't need to just find one path (that will be relatively quick), I need to find an approximation of the best path.  I'm struggling to create a heuristic that captures the time constraint (stay under time required to be at next stop) but also max eggs.  I don't really want the shortest path, I want the \"longest\" path with the most eggs.  In evaluating where to go next, I can easily do eggs\/min and move to the bush with the best rate, but I need to figure out how to encourage it to slowly move towards the target.  There will always be a solution - I could hop to the first bush, sit there all day and then go to the solution (there placement\/time between is such that it is always solvable)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":662,"Q_Id":36438428,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The way the problem is posed doesn't make full sense. It is indeed a graph search problem to maximise a sum of numbers (subject to other constraints) and it possibly can be solved via brute force as the number of nodes that will end up being traversed is not necessarily going to climb to the hundreds (for a single trip).\nEach path is probably a few nodes long because of the 30 min constraint at each stop. With 8 hours in a day and negligible distances between the bushes that would amount to a maximum of 16 stops. Since the edge costs are not negligible, it means that each trip should have <<16 stops. \nWhat we are after is the maximum sum of 5 days harvest (max of five numbers). Each day's harvest is the sum of collected eggs over a \"successful\" path.\nA successful path is defined as the one satisfying all constraints which are:\n\nThe path begins and ends on the same node. It is therefore a cycle EXCEPT for Tuesday. Tuesday's harvest is a path.\nThe cycle of a given day contains the nodes specified in Mrs Bunny's\nlist for that day. \nThe sum of travel times is less than 8 hrs including the 30min harvesting time.\n\nTherefore, you can use a modified Depth First Search (DFS) algorithm. DFS, on its own can produce an exhaustive list of paths for the network. But, this DFS will not have to traverse all of them because of the constraints.\nIn addition to the nodes visited so far, this DFS keeps track of the \"travel time\" and \"eggs\" collected so far and at each \"hop\" it checks that all constraints are satisfied. If they are not, then it backtracks or abandons the traversed path. This backtracking action \"self-limits\" the enumerated paths.\nIf the reasoning is so far inline with the problem (?), here is why it doesn't seem to make full sense. If we were to repeat the weekly harvest process for M times to determine the best visiting daily strategy then we would be left with the problem of determining a sufficiently large M to have covered the majority of paths. Instead we could run the DFS once and determine the route of maximum harvest ONCE, which would then lead to the trivial solution of 4*CycleDailyHarvest + TuePathHarvest. The other option would be to relax the 8hr constraint and say that Mr Bunny can harvest UP TO 8hr a day and not 8hr exactly.\nIn other words, if all parameters are static, then there is no reason to run this process multiple times. For example, if each bush was to give \"up to k eggs\" following a specific distribution, maybe we could discover an average daily \/ weekly visiting strategy with the largest yield. (Or my perception of the problem so far is wrong, in which case, please clarify).\nTuesday's task is easier, it is as if looking for \"the path between source and target whose time sum is approximately 8hrs and sum of collected eggs is max\". This is another sign of why the problem doesn't make full sense. If everything is static (graph structure, eggs\/bush, daily harvest interval) then there is only one such path and no need to examine alternatives.\nHope this helps.\nEDIT (following question update):\nThe update doesn't radically change the core of the previous response which is \"Use a modified DFS (for the potential of exhaustively enumerating all paths \/ cycles) and encode the constraints as conditions on metrics (travel time, eggs harvested) that are updated on each hop\". It only modifies the way the constraints are represented. The most significant alteration is the \"visit each bush once per week\". This would mean that the memory of DFS (the set of visited nodes) is not reset at the end of a cycle or the end of a day but at the end of a week. Or in other words, the DFS now can start with a pre-populated visited set. This is significant because it will reduce the number of \"viable\" path lengths even more. In fact, depending on the structure of the graph and eggs\/bush the problem might even end up being unsolvable (i.e. zero paths \/ cycles satisfying the conditions).\nEDIT2:\nThere are a few \"problems\" with that approach which I would like to list here with what I think are valid points not yet seen by your viewpoint but not in an argumentative way:\n\n\"I don't need to just find one path (that will be relatively quick), I need to find an approximation of the best path.\" and \"I want the \"longest\" path with the most eggs.\" are a little bit contradicting statements but on average they point to just one path. The reason I am saying this is because it shows that either the problem is too difficult or not completely understood (?)\nA heuristic will only help in creating a landscape. We still have to traverse the landscape (e.g. steepest descent \/ ascent) and there will be plenty of opportunity for oscillations as the algorithm might get trapped between two \"too-low\", \"too-high\" alternatives or discovery of local-minima \/ maxima without an obvious way of moving out of them. \nA*s main objective is still to return ONE path and it will have to be modified to find alternatives.\nWhen operating over a graph, it is impossible to \"encourage\" the traversal to move towards a specific target because the \"traversing agent\" doesn't know where the target is and how to get there in the sense of a linear combination of weights (e.g. \"If you get too far, lower some Xp which will force the agent to start turning left heading back towards where it came from\". When Mr Bunny is at his burrow he has all K alternatives, after the first possible choice he has K-M1 (M1\nThe MDFS will help in tracking the different ways these sums are allowed to be created according to the choices specified by the graph. (Afterall, this is a graph-search problem).\n\nHaving said this, there are possibly alternative, sub-optimal (in terms of computational complexity) solutions that could be adopted here. The obvious (but dummy one) is, again, to establish two competing processes that impose self-control. One is trying to get Mr Bunny AWAY from his burrow and one is trying to get Mr Bunny BACK to his burrow. Both processes are based on the above MDFS and are tracking the cost of MOVEAWAY+GOBACK and the path they produce is the union of the nodes. It might look a bit like A* but this one is reset at every traversal. It operates like this:\n\nAWAY STEP:\n\nStart an MDFS outwards from Mr Bunny's burrow and keep track of distance \/ egg sum, move to the lowestCost\/highestReward target node. \n\nGO BACK STEP:\n\nNow, pre-populate the visited set of the GO BACK MDFS and try to get back home via a route NOT TAKEN SO FAR. Keep track of cost \/ reward.\n\nOnce you reach home again, you have a possible collection path. Repeat the above while the generated paths are within the time specification.\n\nThis will result in a palette of paths which you can mix and match over a week (4 repetitions + TuesdayPath) for the lowestCost \/ highestReward options.\nIt's not optimal because you might get repeating paths (the AWAY of one trip being the BACK of another) and because this quickly eliminates visited nodes it might still run out of solutions quickly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,graph-theory,networkx","A_Id":36454065,"CreationDate":"2016-04-05T22:47:00.000","Title":"Graph search - find most productive route","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have already written a script that opens Firefox with a URL, scrape data and close. The page belongs to a gaming site where page refresh contents via Ajax.\nNow one way is to fetch those AJAX requests and get data or refresh page after certain period of time within open browser.\nFor the later case, how should I do? Should I call the method after certain time period or what?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1158,"Q_Id":36445162,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can implement so-called smart wait.\n\nIndicate the most frequently updating and useful for you web element\nat the page\n\nGet data from it by using JavaScript since DOM model will not be updated without page refresh, eg:\ndriver.execute_script('document.getElementById(\"demo\").innerHTML')\n\nWait for certain time, get it again and compare with previous result. If changed - refresh page, fetch data, etc.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ajax,selenium","A_Id":36446094,"CreationDate":"2016-04-06T08:11:00.000","Title":"Python Selenium: How to get fresh data from the page get refreshed periodically?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have already written a script that opens Firefox with a URL, scrape data and close. The page belongs to a gaming site where page refresh contents via Ajax.\nNow one way is to fetch those AJAX requests and get data or refresh page after certain period of time within open browser.\nFor the later case, how should I do? Should I call the method after certain time period or what?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1158,"Q_Id":36445162,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Make sure to call findElement() again after waiting, bc otherwise you might not get a fresh instance. Or use page factory, which will get a fresh copy of the WebElement for you every time the instance is accessed.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ajax,selenium","A_Id":36449601,"CreationDate":"2016-04-06T08:11:00.000","Title":"Python Selenium: How to get fresh data from the page get refreshed periodically?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I verify launched current activity if it's in browser or in app by comparing with current activity.\nactivity = driverAppium.current_activity\nAnd then I verify if activity matches with browser activity name e.g. org.chromium.browser...\nBut can I verify the http response on the webpage e.g. 200 or 404?\nWith above test always passes even though webpage didn't load or get null response.\nCan I verify with current activity and response both?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":438,"Q_Id":36460455,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are two ways to do it what I can think of, \n\nUI prospect :\n\nCapture the screenshot of the webview with 200 response. Let's call it expectedScreen.png\nCapture the screenshot of the under test response(be it 200, 400 etc.). Lets call this finalScreen.png\nCompare both the images to verify\/assert.\n\nAPI prospect : Since the Activity suppose to be displayed shall never\/rarely be changed depending on transitions between different activities on your application as designed, so verifying current activity is a less important check during the test. You can rather verify these using API calls and then(if you get proper response) look for presence of elements on screen accordingly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android-activity,automation,appium,python-appium","A_Id":36461041,"CreationDate":"2016-04-06T19:19:00.000","Title":"Verify appium current activity response","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to get a list of all the pages in a given section for a given notebook. I have the id for the section I want and use it in a GET call to obtain a dictionary of the section's information. One of the keys in the dictionary is \"pagesUrl\". A GET call on this returns a list of dictionaries where there's one dictionary for each page in this section.\nUp until yesterday, this worked perfectly. However, as of today, pagesUrl only returns pages created within the last minute or so. Anything older isn't seen. Does anyone know why this is happening?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":61,"Q_Id":36489891,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yesterday (2016\/04\/08) there was an incident with the OneNote API which prevented us from updating the list of pages. This was resolved rpughly at 11PM PST and the API should be returning all pages now.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,get,onenote,onenote-api","A_Id":36504337,"CreationDate":"2016-04-08T01:13:00.000","Title":"OneNote's PagesUrl Not Including All Pages in a Section","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am starting to make a python program to get user locations, I've never worked with the twitter API and I've looked at the documentation but I don't understand much. I'm using tweepy, can anyone tell me how I can do this? I've got the basics down, I found a project on github on how to download a user's tweets and I understand most of it.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13479,"Q_Id":36490085,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Once you have a tweet, the tweet includes a user, which belongs to the user model. To call the location just do the following\n\ntweet.user.location","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":42499529,"CreationDate":"2016-04-08T01:40:00.000","Title":"How to get twitter user's location with tweepy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The standard (for me) OAuth flow is:\n\ngenerate url flow.step1_get_authorize_url() and ask user to allow app access\nget the code\nget the credentials with flow.step2_exchange(auth_code)\n\nBut I faced with another service, where I just need to initiate a POST request to token_uri with client_id and client_secret passed as form values (application\/x-www-form-urlencoded), grant_type is client_credentials and scope is also passed as form field value.\nDoes oauth2client library supports it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":106,"Q_Id":36521976,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Update the grant_type to implicit","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oauth,oauth2client","A_Id":36541353,"CreationDate":"2016-04-09T19:59:00.000","Title":"How to get OAuth token without user consent?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm having some trouble understanding the variant syntax format when creating sockets (I've started learning Python a few weeks ago).\nCan someone please explain what is the difference (if any) between the below? \n\ns = socket()\ns = socket.socket() \ns = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)\n\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":58,"Q_Id":36538637,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The diffrence depend on what module you use.\nIf you use from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM :\n\nThis will work. s will be uninitialized socket object. \nWill not work, because socket is constructor and not a module.\nThis will work. s will be initialized socket object.\n\nIf you use import socket :\n\nWill not work, because socket is module and not a constructor(not a function- you cant call it).\nThis will work. s will be uninitialized socket object.\nWill not work, because socket is module and not a constructor. \n\nHope this help","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":46259141,"CreationDate":"2016-04-11T01:54:00.000","Title":"Difference in socket syntax","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using 3rd party to send and receive SMS, which includes text plus url of image. Is there any way that latest smartphones shows picture instead of link? Like the downloadable content.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":107,"Q_Id":36540431,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want to show the image content from the URL all you can do is write a notification Application Which will read from the SMS that you are sending and (using the thirdparty number from which you are sending the sms) and notify the user with image (by reading the content of the SMS and downloading it from URL). \nBut then all your users will have to download your app.and will need read permissions for SMS.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c#,php,python,sms,sms-gateway","A_Id":36540940,"CreationDate":"2016-04-11T05:27:00.000","Title":"SMS with picture link","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If I retweet a tweet, is there a way of finding out how many times \"my retweet\" has been retweeted \/ favorited? Are there provisions in the Twitter API to retrieve that? There is no key in retweeted_status which gives that information. What am I missing here?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1191,"Q_Id":36542813,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"Yes you can track it. Get the stats(favorite, retweet_count) of your retweet(time when you are retweeting it.) and save this stats somewhere as a check-point. Next time when someone is going to retweet it again you will get an updated stats of the your previous retweet and do compare latest stats with the existing check-point.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":36543167,"CreationDate":"2016-04-11T07:50:00.000","Title":"Find the number of retweets of a retweet using Tweepy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python with boto3 to upload file into s3 bucket. Boto3 support upload_file() to create s3 object. But this API takes file name as input parameter \nCan we give actual data buffer as a parameter to upload file () function instanced of file name? \nI knew that we can use put_object() function if we want to give data buffer as parameter to create s3 object. But I want to use upload_file with data buffer parameter. Is there any way to get out of this? \nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":638,"Q_Id":36568713,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is currently no way to use a file-like object with upload_file. put_object and upload_part do support these, though you don't get the advantage of automatic multipart uploads.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,boto,boto3","A_Id":36582398,"CreationDate":"2016-04-12T09:13:00.000","Title":"Boto3 : Can we use actual data buffer as parameter instaed of file name to upload file in s3?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently developing a python program for a Raspberry Pi. This Raspberry is meant to control a solar panel. In fact, there will be many Raspberry(ies) controlling solar panels and they will be connected to each others by RJ wires. The idea is that every Raspberry has the same status, there is not any \"server\" Raspberry and \"client\" Raspberry. \nThe program will receive GPS data, i.e. position, time...\nExcept from the GPS data, the Raspberry(ies) will not have direct internet access. However, it will be possible to plug a 3G key in order to gain access to internet. \nThe problem is the following : I want to update my python program remotely, by internet provided by my 3G key (the solar panels are in a field, and I'm home for instance so I do not want to drive a hundred miles to get my Raspberry(ies) back and update them manually...). How is it possible to make the update remotely considering that I do not have a real \"server\" in my network of Raspberry(ies)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":223,"Q_Id":36575268,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you however need a server(or it can be just file-share service). If I got it correctly you need to control(or just update) Raspberry(ies), that connected to internet via 3G. So, there are options I see:\n\nConnect them into VPN;\nWrite script that always be checking for new update for your app from a http\\ftp file-sharing server;\nUse reverse-shell, but working depends on NAT specs that uses 3G provider.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,gps,updates,working-remotely","A_Id":36577750,"CreationDate":"2016-04-12T13:48:00.000","Title":"How can I update a python program remotely on linux?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a script that uses paramiko to ssh onto several remote hosts and run a few checks. Some hosts are setup as fail-overs for others and I can't determine which is in use until I try to connect. Upon connecting to one of these 'inactive' hosts the host will inform me that you need to connect to another 'active' IP and then close the connection after n seconds. This appears to be written to the stdout of the SSH connection\/session (i.e. it is not an SSH banner). \nI've used paramiko quite a bit, but I'm at a loss as to how to get this output from the connection, exec_command will obviously give me stdout and stderr, but the host is outputting this immediately upon connection, and it doesn't accept any other incoming requests\/messages. It just closes after n seconds. \nI don't want to have to wait until the timeout to move onto the next host and I'd also like to verify that that's the reason for not being able to connect and run the checks, otherwise my script works as intended.\nAny suggestions as to how I can capture this output, with or without paramiko, is greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":391,"Q_Id":36576158,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I figured out a way to get the data, it was pretty straight forward to be honest, albeit a little hackish. This might not work in other cases, especially if there is latency, but I could also be misunderstanding what's happening:\nWhen the connection opens, the server spits out two messages, one saying it can't chdir to a particular directory, then a few milliseconds later it spits out another message stating that you need to connect to the other IP. If I send a command immediately after connecting (doesn't matter what command), exec_command will interpret this second message as the response. So for now I have a solution to my problem as I can check this string for a known message and change the flow of execution.\nHowever, if what I describe is accurate, then this may not work in situations where there is too much latency and the 'test' command isn't sent before the server response has been received.\nAs far as I can tell (and I may be very wrong), there is currently no proper way to get the stdout stream immediately after opening the connection with paramiko. If someone knows a way, please let me know.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssh,paramiko","A_Id":36601638,"CreationDate":"2016-04-12T14:23:00.000","Title":"Paramiko get stdout from connection object (not exec_command)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Django REST framework introduces a Request object that extends the regular HttpRequest, this new object type has request.data to access JSON data for 'POST', 'PUT' and 'PATCH' requests. \nHowever, I can get the same data by accessing request.body parameter which was part of original Django HttpRequest type object. \nOne difference which I see is that request.data can be accessed only one time. This restriction doesnt apply to request.body. \nMy question is what are the differences between the two. What is preferred and what is the reason DRF provides an alternative way of doing same thing when There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.\nUPDATE: Limiting the usecase where body is always of type JSON. Never XML\/ image or conventional form data. What are pros\/cons of each?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34630,"Q_Id":36616309,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"In rest_framework.request.Request\n\nrequest.body is bytes, which is always available, thus there is no limit in usage\nrequest.data is a \"property\" method and can raise an exception,\nbut it gives you parsed data, which are more convenient\n\n\nHowever, the world is not perfect and here is a case when request.body win\nConsider this example:\nIf client send:\n  content-type: text\/plain\nand your REST's endpoint doesn't accept text\/plain\nyour server will return 415 Unsupported Media Type\nif you access request.data\nBut what if you know that json.loads(request.body) is correct json.\nSo you want to use that and only request.body allow that.\nFYI: A described example is a message of AWS SNS notification sent by AWS to HTTP endpoint. AWS SNS works as a client here and of course, this case is a bug in their SNS.\n\nAnother example of benefits from request.body is a case when you have own custom parsing and you use own MIME format.","Q_Score":30,"Tags":"python,django,django-rest-framework","A_Id":60892980,"CreationDate":"2016-04-14T07:22:00.000","Title":"request.data in DRF vs request.body in Django","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking for a solution that could help me out automating the already opened application in Chrome web browser using Selenium and Python web driver. The issue is that the application is super secured, and if it is opened in incognito mode as Selenium tries to do, it sends special code on my phone. This defeats the whole purpose. Can someone provide a hacky way or any other work around\/open source tool to automate the application.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":127,"Q_Id":36618103,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Selenium doesn't start Chrome in incognito mode, It just creates a new and fresh profile in the temp folder. You could force Selenium to use the default profile or  you could launch Chrome with the debug port opened and the let Selenium connect to it. There is also a third way which is to preinstall the webdriver extension in Chrome. These are the only ways I've encountered to automate Chrome with Selenium.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":36622332,"CreationDate":"2016-04-14T08:51:00.000","Title":"Selenium: How to work with already opened web application in Chrome","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I\"m using python 2.7 and paramiko 1.16\nWhile attempting an SSH to el capitan, paramiko throws the exception no acceptable kex algorithm. I tried setting kex, cyphers in sshd_config, but sshd can't be restarted for some reasons.  I tried some client side fixes, but upgrading paramiko did not fix the problem.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":677,"Q_Id":36658093,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Workaround from another stack overflow issue by putting the following cipher\/mac\/kex settings to sushi_config:\n    Ciphers aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes128-ctr\n    MACs hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1\n    KexAlgorithms diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssh,paramiko","A_Id":36700655,"CreationDate":"2016-04-15T22:53:00.000","Title":"paramiko no acceptable kex algorithm while ssh to el capitan","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have setup an Atlassian Bamboo deploy plan. One of its steps is to run a command to run automated UI tests written in Selenium for Python. This runs on a headless Centos 6 server. \nI had to install the X-server to simulate the existence of a display\nI made the following commands run in the system boot so that the X-server is always started when the machine starts\nXvfb :1 -screen 1600x900x16\nexport DISPLAY=:1\nThe command task in the deployment plan simply invokes the following\n\/usr\/local\/bin\/python3.5 .py\nThe funny thing is that when I run that directly from the command line it works perfect the the UI unit tests work. They start firefox and start dealing with the site.\nOn the other hand, when this is done via the deployment command I keep getting the error \"The browser appears to have exited \"\n17-Apr-2016 14:18:23    selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: The browser appears to have exited before we could connect. If you specified a log_file in the FirefoxBinary constructor, check it for details\" As if it still does not sense that there is a display.\nI even added a task in the deployment job to run X-server again but it came back with error that the server is already running.\nThis is done on Bamboo version 5.10.3 build 51020.\nSo, any ideas why it would fail within the deployment job?\nThanks,","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":837,"Q_Id":36686661,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I solved the problem by changing the task type from a command task to a script task. My understanding is that not all tasks are run in the sequence as they were defined in the job. If this is not the case, then it might be a bug in Bamboo.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,selenium,centos6,bamboo","A_Id":36808047,"CreationDate":"2016-04-18T06:15:00.000","Title":"Atlassian Bamboo command tasks not running correctly","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I try to import the PyDrive module in my PyCharm project : from pydrive.auth import GoogleAuth.\nI tried different things :\n\nInstalling it directly from the project interpreter\nDownload it with a pip command and import it with the path for the poject interpreter\nThe same thing in Linux\n\nNothing works. Each time PyCharm recognize the module and even sugest the auto-completion, but when I run the project it keeps saying ImportError: No module named pydrive.auth\nAny suggestion ?\nEDIT : When I put directly the pydrive folder in my repository, and this time : ImportError: No module named httplib2 from the first import of PyDrive.\nMy path is correct and httplib2 is again in my PyCharm project","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":413,"Q_Id":36713581,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"After noticing that the module is already installed, both by pip and by the project interpreter, and nothing worked, this what did the trick (finaly!):\n\nmake sure the module is indeed installed:\nsudo pip{2\\3} install --upgrade httplib2\nlocate the module on your computer:\nfind \/ | grep httplib2\n\nyou will need to reach the place in which pip is installing the module, the path would probably look like this:\n\/usr\/local\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\n\nget into the path specified there, search for the module and copy all the relevant files and folders into your local pycharm project environment. this will be a directory with a path like this: \n\/home\/your_user\/.virtualenvs\/project_name\/lib\/python2.7\n\nthis is it. note however you may need to do this multiple times, since each module may have a dependencies... \ngood  luck!","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,module,pycharm,pydrive","A_Id":54055599,"CreationDate":"2016-04-19T09:01:00.000","Title":"PyCharm recognize a module but do not import it","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a lambdas function that resizes and image, stores it back into S3. However I want to pass this image to my API to be returned to the client. \nIs there a way to return a png image to the API gateway, and if so how can this be done?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":835,"Q_Id":36717654,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could return it base64-encoded...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,aws-lambda,aws-api-gateway","A_Id":36757815,"CreationDate":"2016-04-19T11:56:00.000","Title":"Passing an image from Lambda to API Gateway","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a lambdas function that resizes and image, stores it back into S3. However I want to pass this image to my API to be returned to the client. \nIs there a way to return a png image to the API gateway, and if so how can this be done?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":835,"Q_Id":36717654,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"API Gateway does not currently support passing through binary data either as part of a request nor as part of a response.  This feature request is on our backlog and is prioritized fairly high.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,aws-lambda,aws-api-gateway","A_Id":36727013,"CreationDate":"2016-04-19T11:56:00.000","Title":"Passing an image from Lambda to API Gateway","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I found that some of the stock exchanges is not supported for datareader. Example, Singapore. Any workaround?\nquery = web.DataReader((\"SGX:BLA\"), 'google', start, now) return such error`\nIOError: after 3 tries, Google did not return a 200 for url 'http:\/\/www.google.com\/finance\/historical?q=SGX%3ABLA&startdate=Jan+01%2C+2015&enddate=Apr+20%2C+2016&output=csv\nIt works for IDX indonesia\nquery = web.DataReader((\"IDX:CASS\"), 'google', start, now)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":850,"Q_Id":36749105,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"That URL is a 404 - pandas isn't at fault, maybe just check the URL? Perhaps they're on different exchanges with different google finance support.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,pandas,datareader,google-finance,pandas-datareader","A_Id":36783492,"CreationDate":"2016-04-20T15:52:00.000","Title":"Pandas: datareader unable to get historical stock data","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a bot written in Python running on Amazon EC2 with Django as a framework. The bot's end goal is to sustain conversations with multiple users on the same Slack team at once. As I understand it, Amazon will handle load-bearing between Slack teams, but I'm trying to figure out how to manage the load within a single Slack. \nRight now, my bot sits in a busy loop waiting for a single user to respond. I've been doing some research on this - is Celery the right tool for the job? Should I split each conversation into a separate thread\/task, or maybe have a dispatcher handle new messages? Is there a way for Slack to send an interrupt, or am I stuck with while loops?\nThanks for any help\/guidance! I'm pretty new to this.\nEdit: I managed to solve this problem by implementing a list of \"Conversation\" objects pertaining to each user. These objects save the state of each conversation, so that the bot can pick up where it left off when the user messages again.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":982,"Q_Id":36773380,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Assumptions:\n\nYou're using the outgoing webhooks from slack, not the Real Time Messaging API\nYou're not trying to do some kind of multiple question-answer response where state between each question & answer needs to be maintained.\n\nSkip all the Django stuff and just use AWS Lambda to respond to user requests. That only works for fairly simple \"MyBot: do_something_for_me\" style things but it's working pretty well for us. Lot easier to manage as well since there's no ec2, no rds, easy deployment, etc. Just make sure you set a reasonable time limit for each Lambda request. From my experience 3 seconds is generally enough time unless you've got a bit of a larger script.\nIf you really really really have to maintain all this state then you might be better off just writing some kind of quick thing in Flask rather than going through all the setup of django. You'll then have to deal with all the deployment, autoscaling, backup rigmarole that you would for any web service but if you need it, well then ya need it =)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,amazon-ec2,celery,slack-api","A_Id":36780059,"CreationDate":"2016-04-21T14:57:00.000","Title":"Serving multiple users at once with a Python Slack bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to import urllib.request for python 2.7.10 on PyCharm 4.5.4 on Window 10 but getting the error \"ImportError: No module named request\".","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0333209931,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":101433,"Q_Id":36781105,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It may happen sometimes, usually in the Linux environment. You have both 2.x and 3.x versions of python installed.\nSo, in that case, if you are using the command python \"file.py\"\nthen by default, it will python 2.x will run the file.\nSo, use the command python3 \"file.py\"\nI was facing this issue. Maybe it can resolve someone's issue.","Q_Score":37,"Tags":"python,importerror","A_Id":63840105,"CreationDate":"2016-04-21T21:50:00.000","Title":"Import urllib.request, ImportError: No module named request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to import urllib.request for python 2.7.10 on PyCharm 4.5.4 on Window 10 but getting the error \"ImportError: No module named request\".","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":101433,"Q_Id":36781105,"Users Score":12,"Answer":"You'll get this error if you try running a python 3 file with python 2.","Q_Score":37,"Tags":"python,importerror","A_Id":55922381,"CreationDate":"2016-04-21T21:50:00.000","Title":"Import urllib.request, ImportError: No module named request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to find a way to block a certain Mac address \/ Internal IP from accessing the internet (Blocking a device in the LAN to WAN) in python.\nThis option is available in every modern router in every home but mine is kinda old and doesn't have that feature.\nI have a basic knowledge in networking stuff and consider myself an Advanced-Beginner in python, so I'm up for the challenge but still need your help.\n*Of course with the option to enable the internet again for that device","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1760,"Q_Id":36873990,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Blocking of traffic has to happen inside the router. If the router does not have this feature, consider to replace it with a new one.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,network-programming","A_Id":36913510,"CreationDate":"2016-04-26T19:23:00.000","Title":"How can I block Internet access for a certain IP in my local network in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to find a way to block a certain Mac address \/ Internal IP from accessing the internet (Blocking a device in the LAN to WAN) in python.\nThis option is available in every modern router in every home but mine is kinda old and doesn't have that feature.\nI have a basic knowledge in networking stuff and consider myself an Advanced-Beginner in python, so I'm up for the challenge but still need your help.\n*Of course with the option to enable the internet again for that device","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1760,"Q_Id":36873990,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I know I am kinda late now but... You can't necessarily block internet access to a machine like you would do in your router's config.\nWhat you CAN do is implement something like an ARP Spoofer. Basically what you would do in a Man-in-the-Middle attack.\nYou send a malicious ARP packet to poison the target's ARP table. Making it believe your machine is the router\/default gateway. That way you can intercept every packet being transmitted by the target. You can then choose if you want to router them or not.\nIf you choose not to forward the packets, the connection to the internet is cut off.\nIf you want to forward the packets to the actual router (in order to allow the target to access the internet) you must enable IP Forwarding on your machine.\nYou can do this by running echo 1 >> \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward on Linux or changing the Registry Key in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Tcpip\\Parameters\\IPEnableRouter on Windows ('1' forwards the packets, '0' doesn't). By default IP forwarding is set to 0.\nRemember you must resend the malicious ARP packet every couple of seconds as the ARP tables get updated quite frequently. This means you don't necessarily have to change the IP Forwarding configuration on your machine. After a minute or less of exiting the script the target's ARP table will go back to normal, giving them access to the internet again.\nHere are some python modules you might want to take a look at:\n\nScapy (Packet Manipulation Tool)\nwinreg (Windows Registry)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,network-programming","A_Id":70466752,"CreationDate":"2016-04-26T19:23:00.000","Title":"How can I block Internet access for a certain IP in my local network in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I write chat using crossbar.io. We have several nodes of chat.\nI need write statistics about each of nodes, that's why I need to get host name where specific node is run.\nIs it possible get host name from component instance?\nI use last version of crossbar\/autobahn and python 3.4.\nExpect get - 127.0.0.1 if I use local environment.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":121,"Q_Id":36874061,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"In case of your machine has a resolvable hostname try with:\nimport socket\nsocket.gethostbyname(socket.getfqdn())\nUpdate. This is a more complete solution, should work fine with all OS:\nimport socket\nprint [l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(\nsocket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith('127.')][:1], [[(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()\n) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]])\nif l][0][0]","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,wamp,autobahn,crossbar","A_Id":36875764,"CreationDate":"2016-04-26T19:27:00.000","Title":"How to get Crossbar.io host name?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am 'kind of' new to programming and must have searched a large chunk of the web in connection with this question. I am sure the answer is somewhere out there but I am probably simply not using the right terminology to find it. Nevertheless, I did my best and I am totally stuck. I hope people here understand the feeling and won't mind helping. \nI am currently working on a data driven web app that I am building together with an outsourced developer while also learning more about programming. I've got some rusty knowledge of it but I've been working in business-oriented non-technical roles for a few years now and the technical knowledge gathered some dust. \nThe said web app uses MySql database to store information. In this MySql database there is currently a table containing 200,000 variables (Company Names). I want to run those Company Names through a third-party json RESTful API to return some additional data regarding those Companies.\nThere are 2 questions here and I don't expect straight answers. Pointing me in the right learning direction would be sufficient:\n1. How would I go about taking those 200,000 variables and executing a script that would automatically make 200,000 calls to the API to obtain the data I am after. How do I then save this data to a json or csv file to import to MySql? I know how to make single API requests, using curl but making automated large volume requests like that is a mystery to me. I don't know whether I should create a json file out of it or somehow queue the requests, I am lost.\n2. The API mentioned above is limited to 600 calls per 5 minutes perios, how do I introduce some sort of control system so that when the maximum volume of API calls is reached the script pauses and only returns to working when the specified amount of time goes by? What language is best to interact with the json RESTful API and to write the script described in question no1?\nThank you for your help.\nKam","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":392,"Q_Id":36901709,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You don't mention what server side language you're using, but the concepts would be the same for all - make your query to get your 200K variables, loop through the result set, making the curl call to the API for each, store the results in an array, json encode the array at the end of the loop, and then dump the result to a file. As for the limit to requests per time period, most languages have some sort of pause function, in PHP it's sleep(). If all else fails, you could put a loop that does nothing (except take time) into each call to put a delay in the process.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"jquery,python,mysql,api,scripting","A_Id":36901878,"CreationDate":"2016-04-27T22:01:00.000","Title":"Most effective way to run execute API calls","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know writing print \"website url\" does not provide a clickable url. So is it possible to get a clickable URL in python, which would take you directly to that website? And if so, how can it be done?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46,"Q_Id":36905809,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is typically a function of the terminal that you're using.\nIn iterm2, you can click links by pressing cmd+alt+left click.\nIn gnome-terminal, you can click links by pressting ctrl+left click or right clicking and open link.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,url","A_Id":36947097,"CreationDate":"2016-04-28T05:16:00.000","Title":"Clickable website URL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a school project, and had an idea which i think will benifet me outside of school and is a bit over what school requires from me.\nThat is why i have a little lack of knowledge, everything regarding threads and dealing with multiple clients at once.\nI had a few ideas, such as using UDP and wait for 2 connections and handle each one, but it made my code really messy and hard to follow, and really not efficent.\nI would like to know if there is a good way to handle such a problem, and how.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":54,"Q_Id":36926832,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are a host then you are creating a new socket for each new client. With that in mind you can create a program that listens for connections and then create a new thread for each connection (to a client). Each thread can do multiple tasks, control the socket and\/or exchange data with the main thread.\nThe same applies for you being a client: you can create a new thread for each new connection.\nI hope that helps.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,sockets,udp,ports","A_Id":36927011,"CreationDate":"2016-04-28T22:55:00.000","Title":"Exchange data between 2 connections efficently python sockets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was using browsercookie library and it was awesome. However, at some moment it just stopped working and I cannot see why.\nBasically, it throws the error that it cannot locate cookie file at \/Users\/UserName\/Library\/Application Support\/Google\/Chrome\/Default\/Cookies\nGoogle and Stackoverflow search does not give a hint where to look for an error. Would appreciate any help.\nMac OS 10.11.3, Chrome Version 50.0.2661.86 (64-bit), python2.7, pysqlite preinstalled.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":910,"Q_Id":36935030,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A solution turned to be tricky: when you add or change profiles, sometimes Chrome changes folders where it stores cookies. In my case the solution was to change \"Default\" word in cookie path to \"Profile 2\".","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,google-chrome,cookies","A_Id":36935556,"CreationDate":"2016-04-29T09:47:00.000","Title":"BrowserCookieError: Can not find cookie file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I hosted a Python\/Flask web service on my Amazon (AWS) EC2 instance.  modified the security group rules such that All inbound traffic is allowed. \nI can login from ssh and ping(with public ip) is working fine but I couldn't open the service URL from the web browser. Could any one please suggest how can I debug this issue?\nThanks,","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":543,"Q_Id":36961672,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It seems that web service isn't up and running or it is not listening on right port or it is listening just on 127.0.0.1 address. Check it with 'sudo netstat -tnlp' command. You should see process name, what IP and port it is listening on.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"web-services,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,flask-sqlalchemy,python-webbrowser","A_Id":36962685,"CreationDate":"2016-05-01T00:22:00.000","Title":"Web service hosted on EC2 host is not reachable from browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My main Question:\nHow do I switch pages? \nI did some things on a page and than switch to another one,\nhow do I update the driver to be the current page?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108,"Q_Id":36978007,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"With .get(url), just like you got to the first page.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,switch-statement","A_Id":36978124,"CreationDate":"2016-05-02T08:19:00.000","Title":"Selenium Python, New Page","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my python application, browser sends a request to my server to fetch certain information. I need to track the IP of the source from where the request was made.Normally, I am able to fetch that info by this call :\nrequest.headers.get('Remote-Addr')\nBut, when I deploy the application behind a load balancer like HaProxy, the IP given is that of the load balancer and not the browser's.\nHow do I obtain the IP of the browser at my server when it's behind a load balancer?\nAnother problem with my case is that I am using TCP connection from browser to my server via HAProxy and not using http.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":242,"Q_Id":36997104,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I had this issue with AWS ELB and Apache.  The solution was mod_rpaf, which reads the X-Forwarded-For header and replaces it into the standard ip header.\nYou should check that haproxy is setting the X-Forwarded-For header (which contains the real client IP). You can use modrpaf or another technique to read the real IP.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,ip,haproxy","A_Id":36997238,"CreationDate":"2016-05-03T06:26:00.000","Title":"How to track IP of the browser when there is a load balancer in the middle","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Google Analytics API to make a Python program.\nFor now it's capable to make specific querys, but...\nIs possible to obtain a large JSON with all the data in a Google Analytics account?\nI've been searching and i didn't have found any answer.\nSomeone know if it's possible and how?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":488,"Q_Id":36998698,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Google Analytics stores a ton (technical term) of data; there are a lot of metrics and dimensions, and some of them (such as the users metric) have to be calculated specifically for every query. It's easy to underestimate the flexibility of Google Analytics, but the fact that it's easy to apply a carefully defined segment to three-year old data in real time means that the data will be stored in a horrendously complicated format, which is kept away from you for proprietary purposes.\nSo the data set would be vast, and incomprehensible. On top of that, there would be serious ramifications with regard to privacy, because of the way that Google stores the data (an issue which they can circumvent so long as you can only access the data through their protocols.\nShort answer, you can take as much data as you can accurately describe and ask for, but there's no 'download all' button.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-analytics,google-api,google-analytics-api","A_Id":37029398,"CreationDate":"2016-05-03T07:59:00.000","Title":"Query all data of a Google Analytcs account","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I keep getting SSLError: ('bad handshake SysCallError(0, None)) anytime I try to make a request with python requests in my django app.\nWhat could possibly be the issue?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1752,"Q_Id":37009692,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"I did bunch of things but I believe pip uninstall pyopenssl did the trick","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,django,python-requests","A_Id":38236543,"CreationDate":"2016-05-03T16:38:00.000","Title":"SSL Error: Bad handshake","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to automate a process in which a user goes on a specific website, clicks a few buttons, selects the same values on the drop down lists and finally gets a link on which he\/she can then download csv files of the data. \nThe third-party vendor does not have an API.  How can I automate such a step?\nThe data I am looking for is processed by the third party and not available on the screen at any given point.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":37010482,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Generally, you can inspect the web traffic to figure out what kind of request is being sent.  EG., the tamperdata plugin for firefox, or the firebug net panel.\nFigure out what the browser is sending (EG., POST request to the server) which will include all the form data of buttons and dropdowns, and then replicate that in your own code using Apache HTTP Client or jsoup or other HTTP client library.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,automation,web,automated-tests","A_Id":37010752,"CreationDate":"2016-05-03T17:20:00.000","Title":"How to automate user clicking through third-party website to retrieve data?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have not seen any questions regarding to packet filter in Python and I am wondering, If it's possible to build it at all.\nIs there any way building a custom firewall in Python? Null-routing specific IP's for example, or blocking them when request amount capacity is reached in 5 seconds. \nWhat modules would it need, would it be extra difficult? Is Python useful for things like firewall?\nAlso would it be possible to add powerful protection? So it can filter packets on all the layers.\n\nI'm not asking for script or exact tutorial to build it, my sorted question:\nHow possible would it be to build firewall in Python? Could I make it powerful enough to filter packets on all layers? would it be easy to build simple firewall?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1306,"Q_Id":37011901,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, that would be possible, Python has a large networking support (I would starting with the socket module, see the docs for that).\nI would not say that it will be easy or build in a single weekend, but you should give it a try and spend some time on it!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,network-programming","A_Id":37013135,"CreationDate":"2016-05-03T18:38:00.000","Title":"Packet filter in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to create AMI for an instance for 1 volume not for all volumes using boto. I've a script to automate AMI creation for couple of instances. However one of the instance consisting of huge volume for backups(No worries about that data). We would like to take snapshot of root volume in AMI creation not for the other volumes. is there any way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":246,"Q_Id":37018770,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the backup volume is a separate EBS\/SSD volume, you may have chance to create a small snapshot from your root volume. You just need to unmount it from (as in Linux) OS level.\n\nLoad the instance OS\nUnmount the huge volume from the OS level\nshutdown  OS\nTake a snapshot\nReload the instance\nMount the volume back\n\nHowever, this will not work if your backup volume is also part of the your root instance volume. \nImportant note : DO NOT run any AWS detach-volume command. An OS unmount is not AWS detach-volume.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,boto","A_Id":37026741,"CreationDate":"2016-05-04T04:55:00.000","Title":"How to Create AMI for 1 volume using boto?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to use a HTTP GET request to stream YouTube videos?\nI've looked at the Google YouTube API docs, it's not clear that this can be done.  There are packages like pytube, but they are meant to be used directly, not by using HTTP requests.\nAny info would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":189,"Q_Id":37054317,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You'll have to reverse-engineer youtube's code in order to stream it by yourself, and it would not be necessarily possible to do with http only.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,youtube","A_Id":37054362,"CreationDate":"2016-05-05T15:20:00.000","Title":"Python - streaming Youtube videos using GET","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have python script for ssh which help to run various Linux commands on remote server using paramiko module. All the outputs are saved in text file, script is running properly. Now I wanted to run these script twice a day automatically at 11am and 5pm everyday.   \nHow can I run these script automatically every day at given time without compiling every time manually. Is there any software or module.\nThanks for your help.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1567,"Q_Id":37080703,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Assuming you are running on a *nix system, cron is definitely a good option. If you are running a Linux system that uses systemd, you could try creating a timer unit. It is probably more work than cron, but it has some advantages. \nI won't go though all the details here, but basically:\n\nCreate a service unit that runs your program.\nCreate a timer unit that activates the server unit at the prescribed times. \nStart and enable the timer unit.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":37081699,"CreationDate":"2016-05-06T20:14:00.000","Title":"Automatically run python script twice a day","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have created an xml file using element tree and want to include the checksum of the file in an xml tag. Is this possible?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":301,"Q_Id":37129821,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could calculate a checksum of the XML before saving, but including it in the file will change the checksum. You end up with a recursive problem where the checksum changes every time you update the file with the new checksum. So no, it's not possible.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,checksum","A_Id":37129870,"CreationDate":"2016-05-10T05:18:00.000","Title":"Checksum in xml tag python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have zmq version 4.1.3 and pyzmq version 15.2.0 installed on my machine (I assume through pip but I dont remember now).  I have a need to connect to a UDP epgm socket but get the error \"protocol not supported\".  I have searched the vast expanses of the internet and have found the answer: \"build zero mq with --with-pgm option\".  \nDoes anyone know how to do that? \nI searched around the harddrive and found the zeromq library in pkgs in my python directory and found some .so files but I dont see any setup.py or anything to recompile with the mysterious --with-pgm option.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1035,"Q_Id":37177322,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Here is the general procedure which works for me:\n1. download zeromq package (using zeromq-4.1.5.tar.gz as example)\n2. tar zxvf zeromq-4.1.5.tar.gz\n3. cd zeromq-4.1.5\n4. apt-get install libpgm-dev\n5. .\/configure --with-pgm && make && make install\n6. pip install --no-binary :all: pyzmq\nThen you can use pgm\/epgm as you want.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,zeromq,multicast,pyzmq","A_Id":45479765,"CreationDate":"2016-05-12T04:31:00.000","Title":"How to install pyzmq \"--with-pgm\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am a getting query result from couchdb emit function in python as follows:\n<Row id=u'c0cc622ca2d877432a5ccd8cbc002432', key=u'eric', value={u'_rev': u'1-e327a4c2708d4015e6e89efada38348f', u'_id': u'c0cc622ca2d877432a5ccd8cbc002432', u'email': u'yap', u'name': u'eric'}>\nHow do I parse the content of value item as: \n{u'_rev': u'1-e327a4c2708d4015e6e89efada38348f', u'_id': u'c0cc622ca2d877432a5ccd8cbc002432', u'email': u'yap', u'name': u'eric'} \nusing json?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":335,"Q_Id":37199342,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm not sure what you mean by \"parsing the contents using json\". The data should already be parsed and you can refer to any attributes by doing something like row.value[\"_id\"] where row is the name of the variable referencing the Row object.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,couchdb","A_Id":37200473,"CreationDate":"2016-05-13T00:10:00.000","Title":"Parsing couchdb query result using json in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am a getting query result from couchdb emit function in python as follows:\n<Row id=u'c0cc622ca2d877432a5ccd8cbc002432', key=u'eric', value={u'_rev': u'1-e327a4c2708d4015e6e89efada38348f', u'_id': u'c0cc622ca2d877432a5ccd8cbc002432', u'email': u'yap', u'name': u'eric'}>\nHow do I parse the content of value item as: \n{u'_rev': u'1-e327a4c2708d4015e6e89efada38348f', u'_id': u'c0cc622ca2d877432a5ccd8cbc002432', u'email': u'yap', u'name': u'eric'} \nusing json?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":335,"Q_Id":37199342,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The value is already converted to a python dictionary. So, if you need to change it to a JSON string just use json.loads, otherwise you can access the key with row.key and value attributes with row.value['some_attribute'].","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,couchdb","A_Id":50189612,"CreationDate":"2016-05-13T00:10:00.000","Title":"Parsing couchdb query result using json in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python and boto2 for an s3 project.\nThere is a file in s3, I want to get its contents by path name.\nCorrect me if I'm wrong but I think it can't be done with one API call. \nFirst I need to call bucket.get_key and then key.get_content.\nI would like to download the file contents with just one API call (the file is not big and should comfortably fit in an in-memory string)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":337,"Q_Id":37215765,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Solved: first call bucket.new_key, which locally creates a key object and does not incur in an API call.\nThen use key.get_content.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":37215966,"CreationDate":"2016-05-13T17:13:00.000","Title":"boto2: download object from s3 with one API call","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm wondering if anyone can offer me any guidance on this.. hope it's being posted in the right place :|.\nI want to have a web server that can initiate an download stream via http and serve it out the other side via the FTP protocol.\nSo a user of the program would request the file and the server would initiate an http stream from another source and pass this transfer on via FTP back to the user.\nThoughts?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":302,"Q_Id":37275831,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In my opinion, you could get this data stream by any protocol you desire (set up your own server using sockets, rest api and so forth), save it as a file and offer it to the customer via FTP.\nThis is the high-level design. What exactly are you struggling with?\n(By the way, keep in mind you should prefer sFTP over FTP.)\nHope this helps.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,ftp,twisted","A_Id":37276337,"CreationDate":"2016-05-17T12:11:00.000","Title":"HTTP to FTP data stream conversion?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to Python. Currently I'm using it to connect to remote servers via ssh, do some stuff (including copying files), then close the session.\nAfter each session I do ssh.close() and sftp.close(). I'm just doing this because that's the typical way I found on the internet.\nI'm wondering what would happen if I just finishes my script without closing the session. Will that affect the server? Will this make some kind of (or even very little) load on the server? I mean why we are doing this in the first place?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1588,"Q_Id":37291961,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"The (local) operating system closes any pending TCP\/IP connection opened by the process, when the process closes (even if it merely crashes).\nSo in the end the SSH session is closed, even if you do not close it. Obviously, it's closed abruptly, without proper SSH cleanup. So it may trigger some warning in the server log.\nClosing the session is particularly important, when the process is long running, but the session itself is used only shortly.\nAnyway, it's a good practice to close the session no matter what.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,session,ssh,sftp,conceptual","A_Id":37292169,"CreationDate":"2016-05-18T06:36:00.000","Title":"What would happen if I don't close an ssh session?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to Python. Currently I'm using it to connect to remote servers via ssh, do some stuff (including copying files), then close the session.\nAfter each session I do ssh.close() and sftp.close(). I'm just doing this because that's the typical way I found on the internet.\nI'm wondering what would happen if I just finishes my script without closing the session. Will that affect the server? Will this make some kind of (or even very little) load on the server? I mean why we are doing this in the first place?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1588,"Q_Id":37291961,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"We close session after use so that the clean up(closing of all running processes associated to it) is done correctly\/easily.\nWhen you ssh.close() it generates a SIGHUP signal. This signal kills all the tasks\/processes under the terminal automatically\/instantly. \nWhen you abruptly end the session that is without the close(), the OS eventually gets to know that the connection is lost\/disconnected and initiates the same SIGHUP signal which closes most open processes\/sub-processes.\nEven with all that there are possible issues like few processes continue running even after SIGHUP because they were started with a nohup option(or have somehow been disassociated from the current session).","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,session,ssh,sftp,conceptual","A_Id":37292405,"CreationDate":"2016-05-18T06:36:00.000","Title":"What would happen if I don't close an ssh session?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to extract UUID from urls. \nfor example:\n\n\/posts\/eb8c6d25-8784-4cdf-b016-4d8f6df64a62?mc_cid=37387dcb5f&mc_eid=787bbeceb2\n  \/posts\/d78fa5da-4cbb-43b5-9fae-2b5c86f883cb\/uid\/7034\n  \/posts\/5ff0021c-16cd-4f66-8881-ee28197ed1cf  \n\nI have thousands of this kind of string. \nMy regex now is \".*\\\/posts\\\/(.*)[\/?]+.*\"\nwhich gives me the result like this:\n\nd78fa5da-4cbb-43b5-9fae-2b5c86f883cb\/uid\n  84ba0472-926d-4f50-b3c6-46376b2fe9de\/uid\n  6f3c97c1-b877-40e0-9479-6bdb826b7b8f\/uid\n  f5e5dc6a-f42b-47d1-8ab1-6ae533415d24\n  f5e5dc6a-f42b-47d1-8ab1-6ae533415d24\n  f7842dce-73a3-4984-bbb0-21d7ebce1749\n  fdc6c48f-b124-447d-b4fc-bb528abb8e24      \n\nAs you can see, my regex can't get rid of \/uid, but handle ?xxxx, query parameter, fine.\nWhat did I miss? How to make it right?\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3800,"Q_Id":37310576,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Regular expressions try to match as many characters as possible (informally called \"maximal munch\").\nA plain-English description of your regex .*\\\/posts\\\/(.*)[\/?]+.* would be something like:\n\nMatch anything, followed by \/posts\/, followed by anything, followed by one or more \/?, followed by anything.\n\nWhen we apply that regex to this text:\n...\/posts\/d78fa5da-4cbb-43b5-9fae-2b5c86f883cb\/uid\/7034\n... the maximal munch rule demands that the second \"anything\" match be as long as possible, therefore it ends up matching more than you wanted:\nd78fa5da-4cbb-43b5-9fae-2b5c86f883cb\/uid\n... because there is still the \/7034 part remaining, which matches the remainder of the regex.\nThe best way to fix it is to use a regex which only matches characters that can actually occur in a UID (as suggested by @alecxe).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,regex","A_Id":37310823,"CreationDate":"2016-05-18T21:42:00.000","Title":"extract uuid from url","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using the form i create several strings that looks like xml data. One part of this strings i need to send on several servers using urllib and another part, on soap server, then i use suds library. When i receive the respond, i need to compare all of this data and show it to user. The sum of these server is nine and quantity of servers can grow. When i make this requests successively, it takes lot of time. According to this i have a question, is there some python library that can make different requests at the same time? Thank you for answer.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":112,"Q_Id":37311172,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You might want to consider using PycURL or Twisted. These should have the asynchronous capabilities you're looking for.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,django","A_Id":37311205,"CreationDate":"2016-05-18T22:33:00.000","Title":"Django sending xml requests at the same time","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I know that in the API users must allow the app permissions to use their specific user data. \nBut as a user, I have friends which have their own likes. Is there a possible way to query another user or my friend's profile (using their user id) to get a list of their likes via the Graph API. \nIe. because they've decided to friend me, they've given me their permission on a user basis to access their data in Facebook, so can I query this via the graph api as myself instead of an external app?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":38,"Q_Id":37327132,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, that is not possible.\nWhat is visible\/accessible to you as a user on facebook.com or in their official apps, has litte correlation to what you can see via API.\nIf you want to access anyone\u2019s likes via API \u2013 then they have to login to your app first, and grant it appropriate permission.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":37327933,"CreationDate":"2016-05-19T15:01:00.000","Title":"How to use Facebook graph api as myself instead of external app, to query friend's data?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to transmit full byte packets in my custom format via TCP. But if I understand correctly TCP is streaming protocol, so when I will call send method on sender side, there is not guaranty that it will be received with same size on receiver side when call recv (It can be merged together with Nagle's algorithm and then splited when will not fit into frame or when not fit to buffer). \nUDP provides full datagrams so there is no such issue.\nSo question is: what will be the best and correct way to recv same pacakges as it was send, with same size, with no glue. I develop using python. \nI think I can use something like HDLC but I am not sure that iterating throug each byte will be best choice. \nMaybe there are some open-source small examples for this situation or it is discribed in books?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":54,"Q_Id":37379793,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Since TCP is only an octet stream this is not possible without glue, either around your data (i.e. framing) or inside your data (structure with clear end).\nThe way this is typically done is either by having a delimiter (like \\r\\n\\r\\n between HTTP header and body) or just prefix your message with the size. In the latter case just read the size (fixed number of bytes) and then read this number of bytes for the actual message.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,packet,datagram","A_Id":37380443,"CreationDate":"2016-05-22T21:21:00.000","Title":"Correct architectual way to send \"datagrams\" via TCP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to build a python script to submit some form on internet website. Such as a form to publish automaticaly some item on site like ebay. \n\nIs it possible to do it with BeautifulSoup or this is only to parse some website? \nIs it possible to do it with selenium but quickly without open really the browser?\nAre there any other ways to do it?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":55,"Q_Id":37420756,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use selenium with PhantomJS to do this without the browser opening. You have to use the Keys portion of selenium to send data to the form to be submitted.  It is also worth noting that this method will not work if there are captcha's on the form.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":37421286,"CreationDate":"2016-05-24T18:01:00.000","Title":"Submit form on internet website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using proxmoxer to manipulate machines on ProxMox (create, delete etc).\nEvery time I am creating a machine, I provide a description which is being written in ProxMox UI in section \"Notes\".\nI am wondering how can I retrieve that information?\nBest would be if it can be done with ProxMox, but if there is not a way to do it with that Python module, I will also be satisfied to do it with plain ProxMox API call.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":256,"Q_Id":37463782,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The description parameter is only a message to show in proxmox UI, and it's not related to any function","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,virtual-machine,virtualization,proxmox","A_Id":37565566,"CreationDate":"2016-05-26T14:29:00.000","Title":"How can I retrieve Proxmox node notes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a command line tool using python that interfaces with an RESTful api. The API uses oauth2 for authentication. Rather than asking for access_token every time user runs the python tool. Can I store the access_token in some way so that I can use it till its lifespan? If it is then how safe it is.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4615,"Q_Id":37471681,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Do you want to store it on the service side or locally?\nSince your tool interfaces RESTful API, which is stateless, meaning that no information is stored between different requests to API, you actually need to provide access token every time your client accesses any of the REST endpoints. I am maybe missing some of the details in your design, but access tokens should be used only for authorization, since your user is already authenticated if he has a token. This is why tokens are valid only for a certain amount of time, usually 1 hour. \nSo you need to provide a state either by using cookie (web interface) or storing the token locally (Which is what you meant). However, you should trigger the entire oauth flow every time a user logs in to your client (authenticating user and providing a new auth token) otherwise you are not utilizing the benefits of oauth.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,oauth2","A_Id":44904547,"CreationDate":"2016-05-26T21:56:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to store authentication token in a separate file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm having a bit of a problem figuring out how to generate user friendly links to products for sharing.\nI'm currently using \/product\/{uuid4_of_said_product}\nWhich is working quite fine - but it's a bit user unfriendly - it's kind of long and ugly.\nAnd I do not wish to use and id as it would allow users to \"guess\" products. Not that that is too much of an issue - I would like to avoid it.\nDo you have any hints on how to generate unique, user friendly, short sharing urls based on the unique item id or uuid?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":491,"Q_Id":37568811,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As Seluck suggested I decided to go with base64 encoding and decoding:\nIn the model my \"link\" property is now built from the standard url + base64.urlsafe_b64encode(str(media_id))\nThe url pattern I use to match the base64 pattern:\nbase64_pattern = r'(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\/]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\/]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9+\/]{3}=)?$'\nAnd finally in the view we decode the id to load the proper data:\nmedia_id = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(str(media_id))\nmedia = Media.objects.get(pk=media_id)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,url,sharing","A_Id":37651587,"CreationDate":"2016-06-01T12:36:00.000","Title":"Sharing URL generation from uuid4?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to get the clone URL of a pull request. For example in Ruby using the Octokit library, I can fetch it from the head and base like so, where pr is a PullRequest object: pr.head.repo.clone_url or pr.base.repo.clone_url.\nHow can I achieve the same thing using github3.py?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":107,"Q_Id":37578259,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"github3.pull_request(owner, repo, number).as_dict()['head']['repo']['clone_url']","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,github,github3.py","A_Id":37578664,"CreationDate":"2016-06-01T20:32:00.000","Title":"clone url of a pull request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am making a slack bot. I have been using python slackclient library to develop the bot. Its working great with one team. I am using Flask Webframework.\nAs many people add the app to slack via \"Add to Slack\" button, I get their bot_access_token.\nNow\nhow should I run the code with so many Slack tokens. Should I store them in a list and then traverse using for loops for all token! But this was is not good as I may not be able to handle the simultaneous messages or events I receive Or \"its a good way\".\nAny other way if its not?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":904,"Q_Id":37603634,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You do indeed need to\n\nStore each team token. Please remember to encrypt it\nWhen a team installs your app, create a new RTM connection. When your app\/server restarts, loop across all your teams, open a RTM connection for each of them\neach connection will receive events from that team, and that team only. You will not receive all notifications on the same connection \n\n(maybe you are coming from Facebook Messenger bots background, where all notifications arrive at the same webhook ? That's not the case with Slack)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oauth,slack-api,slack","A_Id":37614761,"CreationDate":"2016-06-02T23:20:00.000","Title":"How to handle many users in slack app for in Python? How to use the multiple tokens?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Today I actually needed to retrieve data from the http-header response. But since I've never done it before and also there is not much you can find on Google about this. I decided to ask my question here.\nSo actual question: How does one print the http-header response data in python? I'm working in Python3.5 with the requests module and have yet to find a way to do this.","AnswerCount":7,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":68238,"Q_Id":37616460,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try to use req.headers and that's all. You will get the response headers ;)","Q_Score":21,"Tags":"python,http,header,response","A_Id":48498013,"CreationDate":"2016-06-03T14:02:00.000","Title":"How to print out http-response header in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My client asked me to build a tool that would let him and his partners to upload video to youtube to his channel automatically .\nFor example let's say that my client is A and he has some buisness partners . A want to be able to upload videos to his channel, that is easy to do, but the problem here is to let other parners B and C to upload their videos to His channel (channel of the person of A) .\nIn this case I would need \"A\" to auth my app so he can upload videos to his own channel, but how can I handle that for other users . How can users use the access token of the person \"A\" to upload videos to his channel ?\nWhat I've done so far ?\nI've got the youtube upload python sample from google api docs and played with it a bit. I tried to subprocess.Popen(cmd) where cmd is the following command : python upload.py --file \"video name\"  --title \"title of the vid\" . \nThis will lead the user to auth my app once , that's only fine for the \"A\" person .The others won't be able to do that, since they need to upload the vid to A's account .","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":45,"Q_Id":37646652,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You can create a server-side script in which you use Google OAuth to upload videos to A's account.\nThen you can create a client-side app which allows your clients B and C to upload their videos to the server; on completion, the server can then upload them to A's account.\nAlternatively, to avoid uploading twice, if you trust the clients and would like them to be able to upload directly, you can pass them an OAuth access token to A's account.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-oauth","A_Id":37647153,"CreationDate":"2016-06-05T20:53:00.000","Title":"How to handle google api oauth in this app?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was getting this facebook login error:\n\nURL Blocked \n  This redirect failed because the redirect URI is not\n  whitelisted in the app\u2019s Client OAuth Settings. Make sure Client and\n  Web OAuth Login are on and add all your app domains as Valid OAuth\n  Redirect URIs.\n\nFacebook login requires whitelisting of the call-back url.\nwhat is the call back url for django-social-auth or  python-social-auth ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":654,"Q_Id":37662390,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"include a url to your website that is the absolute url version of this relative url:\n\/complete\/facebook\/\nhow to find this out?\nuse Chrome browser dev tools, enable preserve log, try to login to your app.\nThis question \/ answer is for django-social-auth but likely applies to python-social-auth too.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-social-auth,django-socialauth","A_Id":37662391,"CreationDate":"2016-06-06T16:24:00.000","Title":"python-social-auth and facebook login: what is the whitelist redirect url to include in fb configuration?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My goal is to create a small sript that find all the result of a google search but in \"raw\".\nI don't speak english very well so i prefer to give an exemple to show you what i would like : \nI Type : elephant\nThe script return \nwww.elephant.com\nwww.bluelephant.com\nwww.ebay.com\/elephant\n.....\nI was thinking about urllib.request but the return value will not be usable to that !\nI found some tutorials but not adapted at all to my wish !\nLike i told you my goal is to have an .txt file as output witch contains alls the website who match with my query !\nThanks all","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":10567,"Q_Id":37754771,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"One simple way is to make a request to google search, then parse the html result. You can use some Python libraries such us Beautiful Soup to parse the html content easily, finally get the url link you need.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":37754845,"CreationDate":"2016-06-10T18:13:00.000","Title":"Python - Get Result of Google Search","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I try to run tcpServer and tcpClient on the same local network, it works, but I can't run them on the external network. The OS refuses the connection.\n\nMain builtins.ConnectionRefusedError: [WinError 10061] No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it\n\nI checked whether tcpServer is running or not using netstat, and it is in the listening state.\nWhat am I supposed to do?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":331,"Q_Id":37773568,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are most likely two reasons for that: \n1.) Your server application is not listening on that particular ip\/port\n2.) A firewall is blocking that ip\/port\nI would recommend checking your firewall settings. You could start with turning your firewall off to determine if it really is a firewall issue. \nIf so, just add an accept rule for your webservice (ip:port).\nedit: And check your routing configuration if you are in a more or less complex network. Make sure that both networks can reach each other (e.g. ping the hosts or try to connect via telnet).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcpclient,tcpserver","A_Id":37773623,"CreationDate":"2016-06-12T11:12:00.000","Title":"Python, tcpServer tcpClient, [WinError 10061]","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a script that makes a post request to a url, I'd then like to open the response page in the browser of the system. I'm having trouble finding out how.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2708,"Q_Id":37793923,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could save the content to a local file and use webbrowser.open_new(\"file:\/\/yourlocalfile.html\") but this has one major flaw:\nBecause of the browsers same origin policy this site could not load any external js, css or pictures.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bots","A_Id":37794163,"CreationDate":"2016-06-13T15:40:00.000","Title":"Open a url response in the browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am selenium python and I would like to speed up my tests. let's say 5 tests simultaneously. How can I achieve that on the single machine with the help of selenium grid","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":303,"Q_Id":37826093,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You won't need a Selenium Grid for this. The Grid is used to distribute the test execution across multiple machines. Since you're only using one machine you don't need to use it.\nYou are running tests so I'm assuming you are using a test framework. You should do some research on how you can run tests in parallel using this framework.\nThere will probably also be a way to execute a function before test execution. In this function you can start the driver.\nI'd be happy to give you a more detailed answer but your question is lacking the framework you are using to run the tests.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":37828643,"CreationDate":"2016-06-15T04:21:00.000","Title":"How to Speed up Test Execution Using Selenium Grid on single machine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm currently writinng a script to interact with a live stream, mainly taking screenshots. \nI'm using Selenium Webdriver for Python to open Chromedriver and go from there. \nHowever, I want to build this behavior into a bigger program and hide the whole process of opening chromedriver, waiting for the stream to load and then taking a screenshot, so the user only gets the screenshot once it's done.\nFrom what I've found online,  it's not possible to hide the command-line console within my script with something like setVisible and I'm okay with the console showing up, but I really have to hide the website popup, so the screenshot will be taken in the background.  \nIs it possible to do so in Python\/Selenium or do I have to switch to another language?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1090,"Q_Id":37857927,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to create a script with vb or python which will close the popups on the basis of their titles.\nEven you can minimise them also.\nCode in vb\nSet wshShell = CreateObject(\"WScript.Shell\") \nDo \n    ret = wshShell.AppActivate(\"title of the popup\") \n    If ret = True Then \n        wshShell.SendKeys \"%N\" \n        Exit Do \n    End If \n    WScript.Sleep 500 \nLoop","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver,video-streaming,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":37862602,"CreationDate":"2016-06-16T11:31:00.000","Title":"Webdriver without window popup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the most basic service, running with Ubuntu (the standard config), I have developed some python scripts in my own PC that uses bs4, when I upload them it says the classical error:\nbs4.FeatureNotFound: Couldn't find a tree builder with the features you requested: xml. Do you need to install a parser library?\nSo I try pip install lxml, and it asks that libxml2 should be installed, and so on, and so on...\nI'm not a Linux person, I'm more a Windows guy, I know maybe I have to compile something but I have no idea what or how. I've been looking for tutorials all noon, but I can't find nothing helpful.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":105,"Q_Id":37871418,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"If you're using ubuntu, it's way easier to install the pre-packaged version using apt-get install python-bs4or apt-get install python3-bs4","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,beautifulsoup,digital-ocean","A_Id":37871468,"CreationDate":"2016-06-17T00:38:00.000","Title":"How can I install BeautifulSoup in a Digital Ocean droplet?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I've been doing a lot of work with Tweepy and Twitter data mining, and one of the things I want to do is to be able to get all Tweets that are replies to a particular Tweet. I've seen the Search api, but I'm not sure how to use it nor how to search specifically for Tweets in reply to a specific Tweet. Anyone have any ideas? Thanks all.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3634,"Q_Id":37897064,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've created a workaround that kind of works. The best way to do it is to search for mentions of a user, then filter those mentions by in_reply_to_id .","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,search,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":37902045,"CreationDate":"2016-06-18T12:39:00.000","Title":"Tweepy Get Tweets in reply to a particular tweet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have stored a pyspark sql dataframe in parquet format. Now I want to save it as xml format also. How can I do this? Solution for directly saving the pyspark sql dataframe in xml or converting the parquet to xml anything will work for me. Thanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":992,"Q_Id":37945725,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"You can map each row to a string with xml separators, then save as text file","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"xml,python-2.7,pyspark,spark-dataframe,parquet","A_Id":37989050,"CreationDate":"2016-06-21T13:24:00.000","Title":"How to save a pyspark sql DataFrame in xml format","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Dynamodb. I have a simple Employee table with fields like id, name, salary, doj, etc. What is the equivalent query of select max(salary) from employee in dynamodb?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9688,"Q_Id":37959515,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is no cheap way to achieve this in Dynamodb. There is no inbuild function to determine the max value of an attribute without retrieving all items and calculate programmatically.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,amazon-dynamodb,boto3","A_Id":37960297,"CreationDate":"2016-06-22T05:47:00.000","Title":"Dynamodb max value","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"User A shares a folder link. \nI want to use that shared link to copy that folder to my business dropbox account.\nCatch is I don't want a method which downloads the folder to my server and uploads it to my dropbox account. I want a method by which I can pass that shared link as a parameter and make the api call and then dropbox copies the folder to my dropbox account at there end.\nIs there a way using dropbox-api to copy directly to my dropbox account.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":37966600,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Unfortunately, the Dropbox API doesn't offer a way to add a folder from a Dropbox shared link directly to an account via the API, without downloading and re-uploading it. We'll consider this a feature request for a way to do so.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,dropbox,dropbox-api","A_Id":37974715,"CreationDate":"2016-06-22T11:23:00.000","Title":"Copy folder using dropbox shared link to a dropbox account without downloading and uploading again","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have setup a python server on server machine which is an aws instance and trying to access it using public_IP:80 from client machine which is in different network.\nIt is not able to load the data from the server.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":900,"Q_Id":37989566,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There can be multiple network blockers in this client\/server communication.\nOne of those, which is highly probable is Security-group or NACLs in this AWS based communication.\nIf you are running your instance in EC2-Classic then you need to check security-group inbound rules for allowing client on port 80 and if it is running in AWS VPC then check the security-group inbound rules as well as Network ACLs for inbound as well as outbound rule.\nIn Security Group allow \n\nType Http, Protocol TCP and source IP should your client IP or\n  0.0.0.0\/0 (Less secure).\n\n\nAnd in case of NACLs adjust it as below:\n\nINBOUND Rule: 100 HTTP (80) TCP (6) 80 \n  Allow  OUTBOUND Rule: 100 Custom TCP Rule TCP (6) 1024-65535\n   ALLOW\n\nEphemeral port range can be adjusted here depending upon OS and distribution.\nApart from these adjustments you need to check if Firewall on client\/server is blocking any such communication or not.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"http,python-3.5","A_Id":38712590,"CreationDate":"2016-06-23T10:53:00.000","Title":"Setting http.server in python3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have tried uninstalling it and have searched other answers. None of them have worked; IDLE opens, but I can't run anything I write.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15720,"Q_Id":37997715,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In Windows 10\n1. Type in \"Controlled folder Access\"\n2. Select \"Allow an app through Controlled folder access\" Select yes to \"UAC\"\n3. Click on \"+ Add an allowed app\"\n4. Select \"recently blocked apps\"\n5. Find the executable for the C:\\Python27\n6. Click the + to add it.\n7. Select Close\nThen try running the Python Shell again. This worked for me 100%\nAlso, add exception through Windows Firewall Python27 select Private and Public.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-idle","A_Id":59004916,"CreationDate":"2016-06-23T17:02:00.000","Title":"IDLE's subprocess didn't make a connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have tried uninstalling it and have searched other answers. None of them have worked; IDLE opens, but I can't run anything I write.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15720,"Q_Id":37997715,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First uninstall the application.Then reinstall it BUT at the time of reinstallation try  -n at the end of location adress. It worked for me, you can copy the below text and paste it at the location while installing it.\n\u201cC:\\Program Files\\Python32\\pythonw.exe\u201d lib\\idlelib\\idle.py -n","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-idle","A_Id":49338940,"CreationDate":"2016-06-23T17:02:00.000","Title":"IDLE's subprocess didn't make a connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have tried uninstalling it and have searched other answers. None of them have worked; IDLE opens, but I can't run anything I write.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15720,"Q_Id":37997715,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"IDLE's subprocess didn't make a connection. Either IDLE can't start or a personal firewall software is blocking the connection.\nHaving had this problem myself I did an uninstall and created a new directory in the C drive and reinstalled in that folder, which worked for me.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-idle","A_Id":46725394,"CreationDate":"2016-06-23T17:02:00.000","Title":"IDLE's subprocess didn't make a connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have tried uninstalling it and have searched other answers. None of them have worked; IDLE opens, but I can't run anything I write.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":4,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15720,"Q_Id":37997715,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you at the network environment then check on the secure Group (SG), to see if the user is listed under that group.\nelse as other had been suggested you have to have the (right click on the program the login as Admin right to enable the IDLE to run.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-idle","A_Id":44459007,"CreationDate":"2016-06-23T17:02:00.000","Title":"IDLE's subprocess didn't make a connection. Either IDLE can't start or personal firewall software is blocking connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a web crawler which has to crawl hundreds of websites. My crawler keeps a list of urls already crawled. Whenever crawler is going to crawl a new page, it first searches the list of urls already crawled and if it is already listed the crawler skips to the next url and so on. Once the url has been crawled, it is added to the list.\nCurrently, I am using binary search to search the url list, but the problem is that once the list grows large, searching becomes very slow. So, my question is that what algorithm can I use in order to search a list of urls (size of list grows to about 20k to 100k daily).\nCrawler is currently coded in Python. But I am going to port it to C++ or other better languages.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":361,"Q_Id":37998013,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You have to decide at some point just how large you want your crawled list to become. Up to a few tens of millions of items, you can probably just store the URLs in a hash map or dictionary, which gives you O(1) lookup.\nIn any case, with an average URL length of about 80 characters (that was my experience five years ago when I was running a distributed crawler), you're only going to get about 10 million URLs per gigabyte. So you have to start thinking about either compressing the data or allowing re-crawl after some amount of time. If you're only adding 100,000 URLs per day, then it would take you 100 days to crawl 10 million URLs. That's probably enough time to allow re-crawl.\nIf those are your limitations, then I would suggest a simple dictionary or hash map that's keyed by URL. The value should contain the last crawl date and any other information that you think is pertinent to keep. Limit that data structure to 10 million URLs. It'll probably eat up close to 2 GB of space, what with dictionary overhead and such.\nYou will have to prune it periodically. My suggestion would be to have a timer that runs once per day and cleans out any URLs that were crawled more than X days ago. In this case, you'd probably set X to 100. That gives you 100 days of 100,000 URLs per day.\nIf you start talking about high capacity crawlers that do millions of URLs per day, then you get into much more involved data structures and creative ways to manage the complexity. But from the tone of your question, that's not what you're interested in.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,c++,algorithm,search","A_Id":37998220,"CreationDate":"2016-06-23T17:19:00.000","Title":"Efficiently searching a large list of URLs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am building a web crawler which has to crawl hundreds of websites. My crawler keeps a list of urls already crawled. Whenever crawler is going to crawl a new page, it first searches the list of urls already crawled and if it is already listed the crawler skips to the next url and so on. Once the url has been crawled, it is added to the list.\nCurrently, I am using binary search to search the url list, but the problem is that once the list grows large, searching becomes very slow. So, my question is that what algorithm can I use in order to search a list of urls (size of list grows to about 20k to 100k daily).\nCrawler is currently coded in Python. But I am going to port it to C++ or other better languages.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":361,"Q_Id":37998013,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I think hashing your values before putting them into your binary searched list- this will get rid of the probable bottleneck of string comparisons, swapping to int equality checks. It also keeps the O(log2(n)) binary search time- you may not get consistent results if you use python's builtin hash() between runs, however- it is implementation-specific. Within a run, it will be consistent. There's always the option to implement your own hash which can be consistent between sessions as well.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,c++,algorithm,search","A_Id":37998279,"CreationDate":"2016-06-23T17:19:00.000","Title":"Efficiently searching a large list of URLs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I try to import passlib.hash in my python script I get a 502 error\n502 - Web server received an invalid response while acting as a gateway or proxy server.\nThere is a problem with the page you are looking for, and it cannot be displayed. When the Web server (while acting as a gateway or proxy) contacted the upstream content server, it received an invalid response from the content server.\nThe only modules I'm importing are:\nimport cgi, cgitb\nimport passlib.hash\npasslib.hash works fine when I try in a normal python script or if I try importing in python interactive shell\nusing python 2.7, iis 8\nwhen I browse on the localhost I get this \nHTTP Error 502.2 - Bad Gateway\nThe specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete set of HTTP headers. The headers it did return are \"Traceback (most recent call last): File \"C:##path remove##\\test.py\", line 2, in  import passlib.hash ImportError: No module named passlib.hash \".","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":116,"Q_Id":38024133,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I fixed the issue by uninstalling activePython which was installing modules under the users profile in the appdata folder. \nThis caused an issue where the anonymous isur of the website it no longer had access to the installed modules \nI uninstall activePython and returned to the normal windows python install and re-installed the modules using PIP.\nAll scripts are working as expected, happy days.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,cgi,iis-8","A_Id":38183797,"CreationDate":"2016-06-25T01:33:00.000","Title":"Importing passlib.hash with CGI","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My requirement is to communicate socketio with nodejs server to Raspberry Pi running a local Python app. Please help me. I can find ways of communication with web app on google but is there any way to communicate with Python local app with above mentioned requirements.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":885,"Q_Id":38032608,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It's unclear exactly which part you need help with.  To make a socket.io connection work, you do the following:\n\nRun a socket.io server on one of your two computers.  Make sure it is listening on a known port (it can share a port with a web server if desired).\nOn the other computer, get a socket.io client library and use that to make a socket.io connection to the other computer.\nRegister message handlers on both computers for whatever custom messages you intend to send each way and write the code to process those incoming messages.\nWrite the code to send messages to the other computer at the appropriate time.\n\nSocket.io client and server libraries exist for both node.js and python so you can either type of library for either type of system.\nThe important things to understand are that you must have a socket.io server up and running.  The other endpoint then must connect to that server.  Once the connection is up and running, you can then send message from either end to the other end.\nFor example, you could set up a socket.io server on node.js.  Then, use a socket.io client library for python to make a socket.io connection to the node.js server.  Then, once the connection is up and running, you are free to send messages from either end to the other and, if you have, message handlers listening for those specific messages, they will be received by the other end.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,node.js,socket.io,raspberry-pi","A_Id":38032700,"CreationDate":"2016-06-25T20:17:00.000","Title":"Raspberry Pi python app and nodejs socketio communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can i use tcp to interact with a server and download his html file into my computer? I know that first you need to preform the 3 way handshake and then to send a GET request. But what then? Thank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":30,"Q_Id":38075251,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"HTML text is written in the packet's Raw layer in scapy. In order to save a HTML file, simply write the pkt[Raw].load into a text file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,scapy","A_Id":38086938,"CreationDate":"2016-06-28T11:41:00.000","Title":"HTML download using tcp","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to send email with same content to 1 million users.\nIs there any way to do so by writing script or something?\nEmail Id's are stored in Excel format.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":113,"Q_Id":38090643,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It is absolutely possible for a bot to be made that creates gmail accounts, in fact many already exist. The main problem is how to solve the captcha that is required for each new account, however there are services already built to handle this. The only problem then is being willing to violate googles terms of services, as I'm sure this does in one way or another.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,smtp","A_Id":38090686,"CreationDate":"2016-06-29T04:50:00.000","Title":"Automatic email sending from a gmail account using script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new using WAMP protocol and CrossbarIO servers that are based on the WAMP protocol. The problem is. I have and Arduino Uno + EthernetShield and I want to send the information to the CrossbarServer. \nThe Arduino Uno has not support for Autobahn or WAMP or Crossbar. I just can send normal packages via UDP and websocket with an UNO+Ethernet.\nIs there someway that I can read this UDP packet in the CrossbarServer from the arduino?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":130,"Q_Id":38113656,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Unfortunately you cannot do so directly at the moment. For the time being, you need to connect the Uno to some component which accepts messages from the Uno and can talk WAMP as well.\nWe are working on a C library for lower-end devices, but as far as I can tell (I'm not directly involved) something with the specs of the Uno will remain out of the scope of WAMP even then since the initial plan is that the library itself will consume about 8k of RAM.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,sockets,arduino-uno,crossbar,wamp-protocol","A_Id":38119608,"CreationDate":"2016-06-30T03:47:00.000","Title":"Receiving an UDP Packet from Arduino in a CrossbarServer in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If I do something like \"import selenium\" (or any other kind of third party library) in a .py file and then run it from the terminal, it works just fine. But if I make a new file in PyCharm CE and do the same thing, it can't find the library \/ module.\nHow can I fix this or get it to point in the right location? I use a Macbook Pro.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2916,"Q_Id":38134361,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"You need to setup your project in PyCharm to use the Python interpreter that has your libraries:\nGo to: file->settings->project->project interpreter\nAnd select the appropriate interpreter from the dropdown. After selecting an interpreter, the window displays a list of libraries installed on that interpreter; this should further help you make the right selection.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,macos,pycharm,libraries","A_Id":38134383,"CreationDate":"2016-06-30T22:38:00.000","Title":"Why won't PyCharm see my libraries?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If I do something like \"import selenium\" (or any other kind of third party library) in a .py file and then run it from the terminal, it works just fine. But if I make a new file in PyCharm CE and do the same thing, it can't find the library \/ module.\nHow can I fix this or get it to point in the right location? I use a Macbook Pro.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2916,"Q_Id":38134361,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I've faced a similar issue on Pop!_OS after installing PyCharm via Flatpak. I think the installation is somehow incomplete, as I've had these issues (among others):\n\nInstaller could not create the menu shortcut due to the lack of credentials. Unlike during a typical installation, it wouldn't ask for the password and instead I had to uncheck that option altogether.\nBuilt-in terminal defaulted to sh. Even after changing to bash, it would not read my .bashrc and many commands were missing.\nAfter changing the interpreter into a local virtualenv, it would just default to Python 3.7 (even though the version was actually 3.8) and it didn't see any of my installed libraries.\nWhen I've tried to use a Docker Compose environment, IDE failed to detect Docker Compose installation.\n\nI've eventually uninstalled PyCharm and downloaded it directly from Jetbrains website to make it work correctly.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,macos,pycharm,libraries","A_Id":64860059,"CreationDate":"2016-06-30T22:38:00.000","Title":"Why won't PyCharm see my libraries?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been trying to extract the domain names from a list of urls, so that http:\/\/supremecosts.com\/contact-us\/ would become http:\/\/supremecosts.com.  I'm trying to find a clean way of doing it that will be adaptable to various gtlds and cctlds.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":282,"Q_Id":38157567,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Probably a silly, yet valid way of doing this is:\nSave the URL in a string and scan it from back to front. As soon as you come across a full stop, scrap everything from 3 spaces ahead. I believe urls do not have full stops after the domain names. Please correct me if I am wrong.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":38157658,"CreationDate":"2016-07-02T07:15:00.000","Title":"Extract domain name only from url, getting rid of the path (Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Knime 3.1.2 on OSX and Linux for OPENMS analysis (Mass Spectrometry).\nCurrently, it uses static filename.mzML files manually put in a directory. It usually has more than one file pressed in at a time ('Input FileS' module not 'Input File' module) using a ZipLoopStart.\nI want these files to be downloaded dynamically and then pressed into the workflow...but I'm not sure the best way to do that. \nCurrently, I have a Python script that downloads .gz files (from AWS S3) and then unzips them. I already have variations that can unzip the files into memory using StringIO (and maybe pass them into the workflow from there as data??). \nIt can also download them to a directory...which maybe can them be used as the source? But I don't know how to tell the ZipLoop to wait and check the directory after the python script is run. \nI also could have the python script run as a separate entity (outside of knime) and then, once the directory is populated, call knime...HOWEVER there will always be a different number of files (maybe 1, maybe three)...and I don't know how to make the 'Input Files' knime node to handle an unknown number of input files. \nI hope this makes sense. \nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1032,"Q_Id":38160597,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There are multiple options to let things work:\n\nConvert the files in-memory to a Binary Object cells using Python, later you can use that in KNIME. (This one, I am not sure is supported, but as I remember it was demoed in one of the last KNIME gatherings.)\nSave the files to a temporary folder (Create Temp Dir) using Python and connect the Pyhon node using a flow variable connection to a file reader node in KNIME (which should work in a loop: List Files, check the Iterate List of Files metanode).\nMaybe there is already S3 Remote File Handling support in KNIME, so you can do the downloading, unzipping within KNIME. (Not that I know of, but it would be nice.)\n\nI would go with option 2, but I am not so familiar with Python, so for you, probably option 1 is the best. (In case option 3 is supported, that is the best in my opinion.)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,file-io,knime","A_Id":38161395,"CreationDate":"2016-07-02T13:17:00.000","Title":"Python in Knime: Downloading files and dynamically pressing them into workflow","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I've been working on scraper that goes on 10k+pages and scrapes data from it.\nThe issue is that over time, memory consumption raises drastically. So to overcome this - instead of closing driver instance only at the end of scrape - the scraper is updated so that it closes the instance after every page is loaded and data extracted.\nBut ram memory still gets populated for some reason.\nI tried using PhantomJS but it doesn't load data properly for some reason.\nI also tried with the initial version of the scraper to limit cache in Firefox to 100mb, but that also did not work.\nNote: I run tests with both chromedriver and firefox, and unfortunately I can't use libraries such as requests, mechanize, etc... instead of selenium.\nAny help is appreciated since I've been trying to figure this out for a week now. Thanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10312,"Q_Id":38164635,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I have experienced similar issue and destroying that driver my self (i.e setting driver to None) prevent those memory leaks for me","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,selenium,firefox,selenium-webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":53867150,"CreationDate":"2016-07-02T21:29:00.000","Title":"Selenium not freeing up memory even after calling close\/quit","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I've been working on scraper that goes on 10k+pages and scrapes data from it.\nThe issue is that over time, memory consumption raises drastically. So to overcome this - instead of closing driver instance only at the end of scrape - the scraper is updated so that it closes the instance after every page is loaded and data extracted.\nBut ram memory still gets populated for some reason.\nI tried using PhantomJS but it doesn't load data properly for some reason.\nI also tried with the initial version of the scraper to limit cache in Firefox to 100mb, but that also did not work.\nNote: I run tests with both chromedriver and firefox, and unfortunately I can't use libraries such as requests, mechanize, etc... instead of selenium.\nAny help is appreciated since I've been trying to figure this out for a week now. Thanks.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10312,"Q_Id":38164635,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Are you trying to say that your drivers are what's filling up your memory? How are you closing them? If you're extracting your data, do you still have references to some collection that's storing them in memory?   \nYou mentioned that you were already running out of memory when you closed the driver instance at the end of scraping, which makes it seem like you're keeping extra references.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,selenium,firefox,selenium-webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":38164741,"CreationDate":"2016-07-02T21:29:00.000","Title":"Selenium not freeing up memory even after calling close\/quit","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wrote a python app that manage gcm messaging for an android chat app, where could I host this app to be able to work 24\/7, it's not a web app, Is it safe and reliable to use PythonAnywhere consoles?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":239,"Q_Id":38166331,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"PythonAnywhere dev here: I wouldn't recommend our consoles as a place to run an XMPP server -- they're meant more for exploratory programming.  AWS (like Adam Barnes suggests) or a VPS somewhere like Digital Ocean would probably be a better option.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,server,xmpp,host","A_Id":38188784,"CreationDate":"2016-07-03T02:55:00.000","Title":"Where to host a python chat server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Looking at Graphite's latest documentation, I see that I can feed data into Graphite via plaintext. But I can't seem to find a way in Python 3 to send plaintext via the server ip address and port 2003. All I can seem to do is send bytes via sock.sendall(message.encode()) and Graphite does not seem to read that. Is there a way for Python 3 to feed data into Graphite?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":740,"Q_Id":38235295,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"My code actually worked. For some reason, the graph itself did not update. So sock.sendall(message.encode()) actually does work for the plaintext protocol.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"sockets,python-3.x,graphite,plaintext","A_Id":38251602,"CreationDate":"2016-07-06T23:14:00.000","Title":"How do I send plaintext via Python 3 socket library?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a hypothesis that you could increase your chances of getting tickets for sell-out events by attempting to access the website from multiple locations. Just to be clear i'm not trying to be that guy who buys ALL of the tickets for events and then sells them on at 10X the price, incidentally i'm talking specifically about one event, Glastonbury festival, for which I have tried many years to buy a ticket, and never been successful.\nThe problem is that you literally can't get on the site when the tickets get released.\nSo i guess there area few qualifying questions to work out if i need to even ask the main question.\n\nWhat is actually happening on the website's server(s) at these times? Does the sheer volume of traffic cause some users to get 'rejected'?\nIs it down to chance who gets through to the site?\nWould trying to access the site multiple times increase your chances?\nIf so, would you have to try to access it from multiple locations? I.e. as opposed to just opening multiple tabs in the same browser.\n\nWhich brings me to the actual question:\n\nCould this be achieved as simply as using Python to open multiple instances of Tor?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":206,"Q_Id":38247070,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This has very little to do with your connection. The server is simply drowning in requests. More requests from different locations won't help you. A faster connection might help you get into the queue before anyone else, but multiple connections won't help. If you really want tickets, figure out how to move through the website in an automated way such that you submit a request to move through the menus faster than any human could.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,vpn,tor","A_Id":38247424,"CreationDate":"2016-07-07T13:42:00.000","Title":"Programmatically access one website from multiple locations?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a small project where I have to submit a form to a website.\nThe website is, however, using  onclick  event to submit the form (using javascript). \n\nHow can the onclick event be simulated in python?\nWhich modules can be used? I have heard about selenium and mechanize modules. But, which module can be used or in case of both, which one is better?\n\nI am new to web scraping and automation.So,it would be very helpful.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13226,"Q_Id":38298459,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"Ideally you don't even need to clicks buttons in these kind of cases.\nAll you need is to see at what webservice does the form sends  request when clicked on submit button.\nFor that open your developer's control in the browser, Go to the Network tab and select 'preserve log'. Now submit the form manually and look for the first xhr GET\/POST request sent. It would be POST request 90% of times. \nNow when you select that request in the request parameters it would show the values that you entered while submitting the form. Bingo!!\nNow all you need to do is mimic this request with relevant request headers and parameters in your python code using requests. And Wooshh!!\nHope it helps..","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"javascript,python,selenium,web-scraping","A_Id":38298895,"CreationDate":"2016-07-11T02:47:00.000","Title":"How can I simulate onclick event in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What is the difference between giving required field in python file and xml file in openerp?\nIn xml file :field name=\"employee_id\"  required=\"1\"\nIn python file: 'employee_id' : fields.char('Employee Name',required=True),","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":227,"Q_Id":38367206,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The difference is that in the python .py when you set a fields required argument to True, it's creates a NOT NULL constraint directly on the database, this means that no matter what happens (Provided data didn't already exist in the table) you can never insert data into that table without that field containing a value, if you try to do so directly from psql or Odoo's xmlrpc or jsonrpc api you'll get an SQL NOT NULL error, with something like this\n`ERROR: null value in column \"xxx\" violates not-null constraint \nOn the other-hand if you set a field to be required on the view (xml) then no constraint is set on the database, this means that the only restriction is the view and you can bypass that and write to the database directly or if you're making an external web service you can use Odoo's ORM methods to write to the database directly\nIf you really want to make sure a column is not null and is required, then it's better to set that in the python code itself instead of the view.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,openerp","A_Id":38368546,"CreationDate":"2016-07-14T06:44:00.000","Title":"required field difference in python file and xml file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a network shared folder with file path :C\\\\Local_Reports. I would like to use os.listdir(\":C\\\\Local_Reports\"), but the output is ['desktop.ini', 'target.lnk']. This is not the correct output obviously. The correct output would be [Daemons, Reports, SQL]. How do I successfully access this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":792,"Q_Id":38399901,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm silly. I figured it out. I just took the target of the Local_Reports folder and wrote os.listdir(r\"\\\\03vs-cmpt04\\Local_Reports\"). This just searched the network for the folder and listed the correct output: [Daemons, Reports, SQL]","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,operating-system,share,listdir","A_Id":38400861,"CreationDate":"2016-07-15T15:28:00.000","Title":"listdir of a network shared folder in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a simple way to get a PDF from a xml with an xsl-fo?\nI would like to do it in python.\nI know how to do an html from an xml&xsl, but I haven't find a code example to get a PDF.\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1430,"Q_Id":38412298,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"XSL FO requires a formatting engine to create print output like PDF from XSL FO input. Freely available one is Apache FOP. There are several other commercial products also. I know of no XSL FO engines written in Python though some have Python interfaces.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"xml,python-2.7,xslt,pdf-generation,xsl-fo","A_Id":38413882,"CreationDate":"2016-07-16T14:45:00.000","Title":"xml + xslfo to PDF python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For a college project I'm tasked with getting a Raspberry Pi to control an RC car over WiFi, the best way to do this would be through a web interface for the sake of accessibility (one of the key reqs for the module). However I keep hitting walls, I can make a python script control the car, however doing this through a web interface has proven to be dificult to say the least. \nI'm using an Adafruit PWM Pi Hat to control the servo and ESC within the RC car and it only has python libraries as far as I'm aware so it has to be witihn python. If there is some method of passing variables from javascript to python that may work, but in a live environment I don't know how reliable it would be.\nAny help on the matter would prove most valuable, thanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":229,"Q_Id":38418140,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I can suggest a way to handle that situation but I'm not sure how much will it suit for your scenario.\nSince you are trying to use a wifi network, I think it would be better if you can use a sql server to store commands you need to give to the vehicle to follow from the web interface sequentially. Make the vehicle to read the database to check whether there are new commands to be executed, if there are, execute sequentially.\nFrom that way you can divide the work into two parts and handle the project easily. Handling user inputs via web interface to control vehicle. Then make the vehicle read the requests and execute them.\nHope this will help you in someway. Cheers!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,raspberry-pi2","A_Id":38418381,"CreationDate":"2016-07-17T05:18:00.000","Title":"How do I control a python script through a web interface?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is my first attempt at scraping. There is a website with a search function that I would like to use. \nWhen I do a search, the search details aren't shown in the website url. When I inspect the element and look at the Network tab, the request url stays the same (method:post), but when I looked at the bottom, in the Form Data section, I clicked view source and there were my search details in url form. \nMy question is: \nIf the request url = http:\/\/somewebsite.com\/search\nand the form data source = startDate=09.07.2016&endDate=10.07.2016\nHow can I connect the two to pull data for scraping? I'm new to scraping, so if I'm going about this wrong, please tell me. \nThanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":167,"Q_Id":38419528,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Ethics\nUsing a bot to get at the content of sites can be beneficial to you and the site you're scraping. You can use the data to refer to content of the site, like search engines do. Sometimes you might want to provide a service to user that the original website doesn't offer. \nHowever, sometimes scraping is used for nefarious purposes. Stealing content, using the computer resources of others, or worse. \nIt is not clear what intention you have. Helping you, might be unethical. I'm not saying it is, but it could be. I don't understand 'AucT', saying it is bad practice and then give an answer. What is that all about?\nTwo notes:\n\nSearch results take more resources to generate than most other webpages. They are especially vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks.\nI run serveral sites, and I have notices that a large amount of traffic is caused by bots. It is literally costing me money. Some sites have more traffic from bots than from people. It is getting out of hand, and I had to invest quite a bit of time to get the problem under control. Bots that don't respect bandwidth limits are blocked by me, permanently. I do, of course, allow friendly bots.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,web-scraping","A_Id":38419736,"CreationDate":"2016-07-17T08:57:00.000","Title":"Web-scraping advice\/suggestions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In a test case is used the keyword sleep 2s\nand this is obviously too slow, so i would like to replace with the wait keyword.\nThing is, that it is used for a download. So the user downloads a file and then is used the sleep 2s in order to give some time to the Robot Framework to complete the download.\nBut I cannot use \nwait until element is visible,\n wait until page contains, \nor wait until page contains element\nbecause nothing changes on the page :\/\nAny ideas? How you handle this?\nThank you in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5431,"Q_Id":38433102,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could use the keyword of wait until keyword succeedsand just keep repeating the next keyword you want to use until the download is done. Or you could set the implicit wait time to be higher so the webdriver waits for an implicit amount of time before it executes another keyword.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,robotframework","A_Id":46287269,"CreationDate":"2016-07-18T09:26:00.000","Title":"Replace sleep with wait keyword on RobotFramework","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a file cache server to hold copies of static files for a web server. Whenever a thread in the web server needs a static file, it opens a socket connection to the cache server and sends it the result of socket.share() + the name of the file it wants. The cache server uses the result of socket.share to gain access to the http client via socket.fromshare and sends the contents of a static file. Then it closes its copy of the http client socket, and the thread's connection to it.\nI'm wondering if using socket.detach instead of socket.close will automagically improve performance? The documentation for socket.detach says this:\n\nPut the socket object into closed state without actually closing the underlying file descriptor. The file descriptor is returned, and can be reused for other purposes.\n\nDo I have to explicitly use the returned file descriptors somehow when new sockets are created by the cache server, or does the socket module know about existing reusable file descriptors?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":543,"Q_Id":38447361,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm not sure why:\n\nYou're using socket.share and\nYou think it would improve performance.\n\nYou say that you're already threading. A web server is going to be IO bound. Most of your time will be spent:\n\nnegotiating a TCP\/IP connection between client and server\nfinding the information on disk (memory? Sweet, faster!)\nreading from the disk (memory?) and writing to the socket\n\nYou should also profile your code before you go about making improvements. What is the actual holdup? Making the connection? Reading from disk? Sending back to the client?\nUnless you've already done some tremendous improvements, I'm pretty sure that the actual TCP\/IP negotiation is a few orders of magnitude faster than getting your information from the disk.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,windows,sockets,python-3.x","A_Id":38458160,"CreationDate":"2016-07-18T23:21:00.000","Title":"Can I reuse a socket file handle with socket.fromshare?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a python script that will allow me to upload files to OneNote via command line. I have it working perfectly and it authenticates fine. However, everytime it goes to authenticate, it has to open a browser window. (This is because authentication tokens only last an hour with OneNote, and it has to use a refresh token to get a new one.) While I don't have to interact with the browser window at all, the fact that it needs to open one is problematic because the program has to run exclusively in a terminal environment. (E.g. the OneNote authentication code tries to open a browser, but it can't because there isn't a browser to open).\nHow can I get around this problem? Please assume it's not possible to change the environment setup.\nUPDATE:\nYou have to get a code in order to generate an access token. This is the part that launches the browser. It is only required the first time though, for that initial token. Afterwards, refresh token requests don't need the code. (I was calling it for both, which was the issue).\nThat solves the problem of the browser opening each time I run my program. However, it still leaves the problem of the browser having to open that initial time. I can't do that in a terminal environment. Is there a way around that? \nE.g. Can I save the code and call it later to get the access token (how long until it expires)? Will the code work for any user, or will it only work for me?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":505,"Q_Id":38515700,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If this is always with the same account - you can make the \"browser opening and password typing\" a one time setup process. Once you've authenticated, you have the \"access token\" and the \"refresh token\". You can keep using the access token for ~1hr. Once it expires, you can use the \"refresh token\" to exchange it for an \"access token\" without any user interaction. You should always keep the refresh token so you can get new access tokens later.\nThis is how \"background\" apps like \"IFTTT\" keep access to your account for a longer period of time.\nAnswer to your updated question:\nThe initial setup has to be through UI in a browser. If you want to automate this, you'll have to write some UI automation.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,authentication,terminal,onenote,onenote-api","A_Id":38515902,"CreationDate":"2016-07-21T23:01:00.000","Title":"How Do I Authenticate OneNote Without Opening Browser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking to use this API for Google Flights to gather some flight data for project I hope to complete. I have one question tho. Can anyone see a way to request multiple dates for the same route in just one call? Or does it have to multiple requests?\nThanks so much I have seen it suggested that it is possible but haven't found any evidence:)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":54,"Q_Id":38575369,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It is possible to add more than one flight to the request, see the google developer tutorial for qpx. I am not sure though how many flights fit in one request.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,r,api,web-scraping","A_Id":39146729,"CreationDate":"2016-07-25T18:50:00.000","Title":"QPX. How many returns per query?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I am currently working on a project that involves the google maps API. In order to display data on this, the file needs to be in a geojson format. So far in order to accomplish this, I have been using two programs, 1 in javascript that converts a .json to a CSV, and another that converts a CSV to a geojson file, which can then be dropped on the map. However, I need to make both processes seamless, therefore I am trying to write a python script that checks the format of the file, and then converts it using the above programs and outputs the file. I tried to use many javascript to python converters to convert the javascript file to a python file, and even though the files were converted, I kept getting multiple errors for the past week that show the converted program not working at all and have not been able to find a way around it. I have only seen articles that discuss how to call a javascript function from within a python script, which I understand, but this program has a lot of functions and therefore I was wondering how to call the entire javascript program from within python and pass it the filename in order to achieve the end result. Any help is greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":196,"Q_Id":38586396,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I was able to write a conversion script, and it's working now, thanks!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,json,csv,geojson","A_Id":38633221,"CreationDate":"2016-07-26T09:43:00.000","Title":"How to execute an entire Javascript program from within a Python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python boto library to implement SWF.\nWe are simulating a workflow where we want to execute same task 10 times in a workflow. After the 10th time, the workflow will be marked complete.\nThe problem is, we want to specify an interval for execution which varies based on the execution count. For example: 5 minutes for 1st execution, 10 minutes for 2nd execution, and so on.\nHow do I schedule a task by specifying time to execute?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":38588000,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is no delay option when scheduling an activity. The solution is to schedule a timer with delay based on activity execution count and when the timer fires schedule an activity execution.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto,amazon-swf","A_Id":38601627,"CreationDate":"2016-07-26T10:57:00.000","Title":"Amazon SWF to schedule task","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm busy trying to use socket.getaddrinfo() to resolve a domain name. When I pass in:\n\nhost = 'www.google.com', port = 80, family = socket.AF_INET, type = 0, proto = 0, flags = 0 \nI get a pair of socket infos like you'd expect, one with SocketKind.SOCK_DGRAM (for UDP) and and the other with SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM (TCP). \n\nWhen I set proto to socket.IPPROTO_TCP I narrow it to only TCP as expected.\nHowever, when I use proto = socket.SOCK_STREAM (which shouldn't work) I get back a SocketKind.SOCK_RAW. \nAlso, Python won't let me use proto = socket.IPPROTO_RAW - I get 'Bad hints'. \n\nAny thoughts on what's going on here?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":175,"Q_Id":38593744,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"socket.SOCK_STREAM should be passed in the type field. Using it in the proto field probably has a very random effect, which is what you're seeing. Proto only takes the IPPROTO constants. For a raw socket, you should use type = socket.SOCK_RAW. I'm not sure getaddrinfo supports that though, it's mostly for TCP and UDP.\nIt's probably better to have some actual code in your questions. It's much easier to see what's going on then.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,python-3.x,getaddrinfo","A_Id":38660201,"CreationDate":"2016-07-26T15:14:00.000","Title":"Unexpected socket.getaddrinfo behavior in Python using SOCK_STREAM","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"at the first place, I could not help myself with the correct search terms on this.\nsecondly, I couldnt pretty much make it working with standard smtplib or email package in python.\n\nThe question is, I have a normal html page(basically it contains a  that is generated from bokeh package in python, and all it does is generating an html page the javascript within renders a nice zoomable plot when viewed in a browser.\nMy aim is to send that report (the html basically) over to recipients in a mail.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":516,"Q_Id":38650665,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Sorry, but you'll not be able to send an email with JavaScript embedded. That is a security risk. If you're lucky, an email provider will strip it before rendering, if you're unlucky, you'll be sent directly to spam and the provider will distrust your domain.\nYou're better off sending an email with a link to the chart.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,email,bokeh,smtplib","A_Id":38650801,"CreationDate":"2016-07-29T04:43:00.000","Title":"sending dynamic html email containing javascript via a python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am scraping data of football player statistics from the web using python and Beautiful Soup. I will be scraping from multiple sources, and each source will have a variety of variables about each player which include strings, integers, and booleans. For example player name, position drafted, pro bowl pick (y\/n).\nEventually I would like to put this data into a data mining tool or an analysis tool in order to find trends. This will need to be searchable and I will need to be able to add data to a player's info when I am scraping from a new source in a different order.\nWhat techniques should I use to store the data so that I will best be able to add too it and the analyze it later?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2197,"Q_Id":38661144,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Use a layered approach: downloading, parsing, storage, analysis.\nSeparate the layers. Most importantly, don't just download data and then store it in the final parsed format. You will inevitably realise you missed something and need to scrape it all over again. Use something like requests + requests_cache (I found that extending requests_cache.backends.BaseCache and storing it on the filesystem is more convenient examining scraped html than the default sqlite storage backend).\nFor parsing you're already using beautiful soup which works fine.\nFor storage & analysis use a database. Avoid the temptation to go with NoSQL -- as soon as you need to run aggregate queries you'll regret it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,database,numpy,web-scraping","A_Id":38661572,"CreationDate":"2016-07-29T14:20:00.000","Title":"Best way to store scraped data in Python for analysis","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Boto3 Mavens,\nWhat is the functional difference, if any, between Clients and Resources?\nAre they functionally equivalent?\nUnder what conditions would you elect to invoke a Boto3 Resource vs. a Client (and vice-versa)?\nAlthough I've endeavored to answer this question by RTM...regrets, understanding the functional difference between the two eludes me.\nYour thoughts?\nMany, many thanks!\nPlane Wryter","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6208,"Q_Id":38670372,"Users Score":24,"Answer":"Resources are just a resource-based abstraction over the clients. They can't do anything the clients can't do, but in many cases they are nicer to use. They actually have an embedded client that they use to make requests. The downside is that they don't always support 100% of the features of a service.","Q_Score":50,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto3","A_Id":38707084,"CreationDate":"2016-07-30T04:36:00.000","Title":"Are Boto3 Resources and Clients Equivalent? When Use One or Other?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm just starting to use Web2PY. \nMy basic one page app authenticates users to a AD based LDAP service. \nI need to collect other data via rest api calls on behave of the user from the server side of the app. \nI'd like to cache the username and password of the user for a session so the user doesn't have to be prompted for credentials multiple times. \nIs there an easy way to do this ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":71,"Q_Id":38699035,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just wanted to close out on this in case someone in the future is looking at this as well.\nI was able to capture the password used to login by adding the following to my db.py\ndef on_ldap_connect(form):\n\u2003\u2003username = request.vars.username\n\u2003\u2003password = request.vars.password\nYou can save user\/password to some session variable or secure file to \nuse for authenticating to other services.\nauth.settings.login_onaccept.append(on_ldap_connect)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":38837806,"CreationDate":"2016-08-01T12:33:00.000","Title":"Web2PY caching password","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"With Seafile one is able to create a public upload link (e.g. https:\/\/cloud.seafile.com\/u\/d\/98233edf89\/) to upload files via Browser w\/o authentication.\nSeafile webapi does not support any upload w\/o authentication token.\nHow can I use such kind of link from command line with curl or from python script?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2271,"Q_Id":38742893,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"needed 2 hours to find a solution with curl, it needs two steps:\n\nmake a get-request to the public uplink url with the repo-id as query parameter as follows:\n\ncurl 'https:\/\/cloud.seafile.com\/ajax\/u\/d\/98233edf89\/upload\/?r=f3e30b25-aad7-4e92-b6fd-4665760dd6f5' -H 'Accept: application\/json' -H 'X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest'\nThe answer is (json) a id-link to use in next upload-post e.g.:\n{\"url\": \"https:\/\/cloud.seafile.com\/seafhttp\/upload-aj\/c2b6d367-22e4-4819-a5fb-6a8f9d783680\"}\n\nUse this link to initiate the upload post:\n\ncurl 'https:\/\/cloud.seafile.com\/seafhttp\/upload-aj\/c2b6d367-22e4-4819-a5fb-6a8f9d783680' -F file=@.\/tmp\/index.html -F filename=index.html -F parent_dir=\"\/my-repo-dir\/\"\nThe answer is json again, e.g.\n[{\"name\": \"index.html\", \"id\": \"0a0742facf24226a2901d258a1c95e369210bcf3\", \"size\": 10521}]\ndone ;)","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,curl,urllib2,http-upload,seafile-server","A_Id":38743242,"CreationDate":"2016-08-03T11:54:00.000","Title":"How to use a Seafile generated upload-link w\/o authentication token from command line","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i am scraping data through multiple websites.\nTo do that i have written multiple web scrapers with using selenium and PhantomJs.\nThose scrapers return values.\nMy question is: is there a way i can feed those values to a single python program that will sort through that data in real time.\nWhat i want to do is not save that data to analyze it later i want to send it to a program that will analyze it in real time.\nwhat i have tried: i have no idea where to even start","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":87,"Q_Id":38751024,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"You can try writing the data you want to share to a file and have the other script read and interpret it. Have the other script run in a loop to check if there is a new file or the file has been changed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,macos,os.system","A_Id":38751112,"CreationDate":"2016-08-03T18:22:00.000","Title":"Sharing data with multiple python programms","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i am scraping data through multiple websites.\nTo do that i have written multiple web scrapers with using selenium and PhantomJs.\nThose scrapers return values.\nMy question is: is there a way i can feed those values to a single python program that will sort through that data in real time.\nWhat i want to do is not save that data to analyze it later i want to send it to a program that will analyze it in real time.\nwhat i have tried: i have no idea where to even start","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":87,"Q_Id":38751024,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Simply use files for data exchange and a trivial locking mechanism.\nEach writer or reader (only one reader, it seems) gets a unique number.\nIf a writer or reader wants to write to the file, it renames it to its original name + the number and then writes or reads, renaming it back after that.\nThe others wait until the file is available again under its own name and then access it by locking it in a similar way.\nOf course you have shared memory and such, or memmapped files and semaphores. But this mechanism has worked flawlessly for me for over 30 years, on any OS, over any network. Since it's trivially simple.\nIt is in fact a poor man's mutex semaphore.\nTo find out if a file has changed, look to its writing timestamp.\nBut the locking is necessary too, otherwise you'll land into a mess.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,macos,os.system","A_Id":38751162,"CreationDate":"2016-08-03T18:22:00.000","Title":"Sharing data with multiple python programms","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've got a network application written in Python3.5 which takes advantage of pythons Asyncio which concurrently handles each incoming connection. \nOn every concurrent connection, I want to store the connected clients data in a list. I'm worried that if two clients connect at the same time (which is a possibility) then both tasks will attempt to write to the list at the same time, which will surely raise an issue. How would I solve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7818,"Q_Id":38787989,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There is lots of info that is missing in your question.\n\nIs your app threaded? If yes, then you have to wrap your list in a threading.Lock.\nDo you switch context (e.g. use await) between writes (to the list) in the request handler? If yes, then you have to wrap your list in a asyncio.Lock.\nDo you do multiprocessing? If yes then you have to use multiprocessing.Lock\nIs your app divided onto multiple machines? Then you have to use some external shared database (e.g. Redis).\n\nIf answers to all of those questions is no then you don't have to do anything since single-threaded async app cannot update shared resource parallely.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,concurrency,python-asyncio,shared-resource","A_Id":38791950,"CreationDate":"2016-08-05T11:20:00.000","Title":"Python3 Asyncio shared resources between concurrent tasks","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to connect a Tun to a socket so that whatever data is stored in the Tun file will then end up being pushed out to a socket which will receive the data. I am struggling with the higher level conceptual understanding of how I am supposed to connect the socket and the Tun. Does the Tun get a dedicated socket that then communicates with another socket (the receive socket)? Or does the Tun directly communicate with the receive socket? Or am I way off all together? Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":420,"Q_Id":38796252,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If I am understanding your problem, you should be able to write an application that connects to the tun device and also maintains another network socket. You will need some sort of multiplexing such as epoll or select. But, basically, whenever you see data on the tun interface, you can receive the data into a buffer and then provide this buffer (with the correct number of received octets) to the send call of the other socket. Typically you use such a setup when you insert some custom header or something to e.g., implement a custom VPN solution.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,networking,tun","A_Id":38833280,"CreationDate":"2016-08-05T19:08:00.000","Title":"Connecting a Tun to a socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm facing problem like this. I used tweepy to collect +10000 tweets, i use nltk naive-bayes classification and filtered the tweets into +5000. \nI want to generate a graph of user friendship from that classified 5000 tweet. The problem is that I am able to check it with tweepy.api.show_frienship(), but it takes so much and much time and sometime ended up with endless ratelimit error. \nis there any way i can check the friendship more eficiently?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":592,"Q_Id":38818981,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know much about the limits with Tweepy, but you can always write a basic web scraper with urllib and BeautifulSoup to do so.\nYou could take a website such as www.doesfollow.com which accomplishes what you are trying to do. (not sure about request limits with this page, but there are dozens of other websites that do the same thing) This website is interesting because the url is super simple.\nFor example, in order to check if Google and Twitter are \"friends\" on Twitter, the link is simply www.doesfollow.com\/google\/twitter.\nThis would make it very easy for you to run through the users as you can just append the users to the url such as 'www.doesfollow.com\/'+ user1 + '\/' + user2\nThe results page of doesfollow has this tag if the users are friends on Twitter:\n<div class=\"yup\">yup<\/div>, \nand this tag if the users are not friends on Twitter:\n<div class=\"nope\">nope<\/div>\nSo you could parse the page source code and search to find which of those tags exist to determine if the users are friends on Twitter.\nThis might not be the way that you wanted to approach the problem, but it's a possibility. I'm not entirely sure how to approach the graphing part of your question though. I'd have to look into that.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":38819049,"CreationDate":"2016-08-07T22:03:00.000","Title":"Most efficient way to check twitter friendship? (over 5000 check)","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to run  pcapy_sniffer.py  but i get this\npcapy.PcapError: eth1: You don't have permission to capture on that device (socket: Operation not permitted)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1739,"Q_Id":38832347,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you're running on linux or OS X try running as root or with sudo, otherwise if you're on windows try running as administrator.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scapy,pcap","A_Id":38832386,"CreationDate":"2016-08-08T14:50:00.000","Title":"pcapy.PcapError: eth1: You don't have permission to capture on that device","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"If our network has a proxy , then some sites can not be opened.\nI want to check iteratively , how many sites can be accessed through our network.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":243,"Q_Id":38834104,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Find out what the source code of the Proxy Block page is.\nUse urllib and BeautifulSoup to try and scrape the page and parse the page's source code to see if you can find something unique that can tell you if the site is accessible or not.\nFor example, in my office, when a page is blocked by our proxy the title tag of the source code is <title>Network Error<\/title>. Something such as that could be an identifier for you.\nJust a quick idea.\nSo for example you could have the URL's to test in a list and iterate through the list in a loop and try and scrape each site.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,url","A_Id":38834146,"CreationDate":"2016-08-08T16:19:00.000","Title":"Python : How to check if a given site is accessible through a proxy network?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"TCP flows by their own nature will grow until they fill the maximum capacity of the links used from src to dst (if all those links are empty).\nIs there an easy way to limit that ? I want to be able to send TCP flows with a maximum X mbps rate. \nI thought about just sending X bytes per second using the socket.send() function and then sleeping the rest of the time. However if the link gets congested and the rate gets reduced, once the link gets uncongested again it will need to recover what it could not send previously and the rate will increase.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1845,"Q_Id":38836898,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"At the TCP level, the only control you have is how many bytes you pass off to send(), and how often you call it.  Once send() has handed over some bytes to the networking stack, it's entirely up to the networking stack how fast (or slow) it wants to send them.\nGiven the above, you can roughly limit your transmission rate by monitoring how many bytes you have sent, and how much time has elapsed since you started sending, and holding off subsequent calls to send() (and\/or the number of data bytes your pass to send()) to keep the average rate from going higher than your target rate.\nIf you want any finer control than that, you'll need to use UDP instead of TCP.  With UDP you have direct control of exactly when each packet gets sent.  (Whereas with TCP it's the networking stack that decides when to send each packet, what will be in the packet, when to resend a dropped packet, etc)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,unix","A_Id":38838673,"CreationDate":"2016-08-08T19:15:00.000","Title":"Limiting TCP sending rate","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to integrate reactjs with Odoo, and successfully created components. Now my problem is that I cant get the JSON via odoo. The odoo programmer has to write special api request to make this happen. This is taking more time and code repetitions are plenty. \nI tried may suggestions and none worked.\nIs there a better way to convert the browse objects, that odoo generate, to JSON ?\nNote: Entirely new to python and odoo, please forgive my mistakes, if any mentioned above.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3015,"Q_Id":38844651,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"maybe this will help you:\nStep 1: Create js that runs reqiest to \/example_link\nStep 2: Create controller who listens that link @http.route('\/example_link', type=\"json\")\nStep 3: return from that function json return json.dumps(res) where res is python dictionary and also dont forget to import json.\nThats all, it's not very hard, hope I helped you, good luck.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,json,openerp,odoo-8,odoo-10","A_Id":38847214,"CreationDate":"2016-08-09T07:31:00.000","Title":"Can I convert an Odoo browse object to JSON","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using visual studio, when I run this code below I am getting this message and the program did not run correctly:\nThe thread 'MainThread' (0x339c) has exited with code 0 (0x0).\nThe program '[10996] python.exe' has exited with code 0 (0x0).\nfrom selenium import webdriver\npath = chrome_path = r'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\/chromedriver'\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome(path)\ndriver.get('https:\/\/google.com\/')","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1551,"Q_Id":38879399,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Visual Studio is displaying the contents of stdout and stderr. When each thread and finally the entire program exits, it'll show that they exited and the code they returned when they exited.\nYour program doesn't print anything to stdout or stderr, which is why no output appears before the program exits.\nYour problem with Chrome could be caused by running 32-bit Visual Studio or 32-bit Python on a 64-bit machine, causing it not to find the 32-bit version of Chrome in the 32-bit folder (because the 32-bit folder is just ordinary Program Files as far as a 32-bit program is concerned).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,visual-studio","A_Id":51743400,"CreationDate":"2016-08-10T16:56:00.000","Title":"The thread 'MainThread' (0x339c) has exited with code 0 (0x0)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm starting with ASK development. I'm a little confused by some behavior and I would like to know how to debug errors from the \"service simulator\" console. How can I get more information on the The remote endpoint could not be called, or the response it returned was invalid. errors?\nHere's my situation:\nI have a skill and three Lambda functions (ARN:A, ARN:B, ARN:C). If I set the skill's endpoint to ARN:A and try to test it from the skill's service simulator, I get an error response: The remote endpoint could not be called, or the response it returned was invalid.\nI copy the lambda request, I head to the lambda console for ARN:A, I set the test even, paste the request from the service simulator, I test it and I get a perfectly fine ASK response. Then I head to the lambda console for ARN:B and I make a dummy handler that returns exactly the same response that ARN:A gave me from the console (literally copy and paste). I set my skill's endpoint to ARN:B, test it using the service simulator and I get the anticipated response (therefore, the response is well formatted) albeit static. I head to the lambda console again and copy and paste the code from ARN:A into a new ARN:C. Set the skill's endpoint to ARN:C and it works perfectly fine. Problem with ARN:C is that it doesn't have the proper permissions to persist data into DynamoDB (I'm still getting familiar with the system, not sure wether I can share an IAM role between different lambdas, I believe not).\nHow can I figure out what's going on with ARN:A? Is that logged somewhere? I can't find any entry in cloudwatch\/logs related to this particular lambda or for the skill.\nNot sure if relevant, I'm using python for my lambda runtime, the code is (for now) inline on the web editor and I'm using boto3 for persisting to DynamoDB.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3387,"Q_Id":38887061,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"My guess would be that you missed a step on setup. There's one where you have to set the \"event source\". IF you don't do that, I think you get that message.\nBut the debug options are limited. I wrote EchoSim (the original one on GitHub) before the service simulator was written and, although it is a bit out of date, it does a better job of giving diagnostics.\nLacking debug options, the best is to do what you've done. Partition and re-test. Do static replies until you can work out where the problem is.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-dynamodb,aws-lambda,alexa-skills-kit","A_Id":38895935,"CreationDate":"2016-08-11T04:02:00.000","Title":"Troubleshooting Amazon's Alexa Skill Kit (ASK) Lambda interaction","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm starting with ASK development. I'm a little confused by some behavior and I would like to know how to debug errors from the \"service simulator\" console. How can I get more information on the The remote endpoint could not be called, or the response it returned was invalid. errors?\nHere's my situation:\nI have a skill and three Lambda functions (ARN:A, ARN:B, ARN:C). If I set the skill's endpoint to ARN:A and try to test it from the skill's service simulator, I get an error response: The remote endpoint could not be called, or the response it returned was invalid.\nI copy the lambda request, I head to the lambda console for ARN:A, I set the test even, paste the request from the service simulator, I test it and I get a perfectly fine ASK response. Then I head to the lambda console for ARN:B and I make a dummy handler that returns exactly the same response that ARN:A gave me from the console (literally copy and paste). I set my skill's endpoint to ARN:B, test it using the service simulator and I get the anticipated response (therefore, the response is well formatted) albeit static. I head to the lambda console again and copy and paste the code from ARN:A into a new ARN:C. Set the skill's endpoint to ARN:C and it works perfectly fine. Problem with ARN:C is that it doesn't have the proper permissions to persist data into DynamoDB (I'm still getting familiar with the system, not sure wether I can share an IAM role between different lambdas, I believe not).\nHow can I figure out what's going on with ARN:A? Is that logged somewhere? I can't find any entry in cloudwatch\/logs related to this particular lambda or for the skill.\nNot sure if relevant, I'm using python for my lambda runtime, the code is (for now) inline on the web editor and I'm using boto3 for persisting to DynamoDB.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3387,"Q_Id":38887061,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"tl;dr: The remote endpoint could not be called, or the response it returned was invalid. also means there may have been a timeout waiting for the endpoint. \nI was able to narrow it down to a timeout. \nSeems like the Alexa service simulator (and the Alexa itself) is less tolerant to long responses than the lambda testing console. During development I had increased the timeout of ARN:1 to 30 seconds (whereas I believe the default is 3 seconds). The DynamoDB table used by ARN:1 has more data and it takes slightly longer to process than ARN:3 which has an almost empty table. As soon as I commented out some of the data loading stuff it was running slightly faster and the Alexa service simulator was working again. I can't find the time budget documented anywhere, I'm guessing 3 seconds? I most likely need to move to another backend, DynamoDB+Python on lambda is too slow for very trivial requests.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-dynamodb,aws-lambda,alexa-skills-kit","A_Id":38902127,"CreationDate":"2016-08-11T04:02:00.000","Title":"Troubleshooting Amazon's Alexa Skill Kit (ASK) Lambda interaction","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm starting with ASK development. I'm a little confused by some behavior and I would like to know how to debug errors from the \"service simulator\" console. How can I get more information on the The remote endpoint could not be called, or the response it returned was invalid. errors?\nHere's my situation:\nI have a skill and three Lambda functions (ARN:A, ARN:B, ARN:C). If I set the skill's endpoint to ARN:A and try to test it from the skill's service simulator, I get an error response: The remote endpoint could not be called, or the response it returned was invalid.\nI copy the lambda request, I head to the lambda console for ARN:A, I set the test even, paste the request from the service simulator, I test it and I get a perfectly fine ASK response. Then I head to the lambda console for ARN:B and I make a dummy handler that returns exactly the same response that ARN:A gave me from the console (literally copy and paste). I set my skill's endpoint to ARN:B, test it using the service simulator and I get the anticipated response (therefore, the response is well formatted) albeit static. I head to the lambda console again and copy and paste the code from ARN:A into a new ARN:C. Set the skill's endpoint to ARN:C and it works perfectly fine. Problem with ARN:C is that it doesn't have the proper permissions to persist data into DynamoDB (I'm still getting familiar with the system, not sure wether I can share an IAM role between different lambdas, I believe not).\nHow can I figure out what's going on with ARN:A? Is that logged somewhere? I can't find any entry in cloudwatch\/logs related to this particular lambda or for the skill.\nNot sure if relevant, I'm using python for my lambda runtime, the code is (for now) inline on the web editor and I'm using boto3 for persisting to DynamoDB.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3387,"Q_Id":38887061,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think the problem you having for ARN:1 is you probably didn't set a trigger to alexa skill in your lambda function.\nOr it can be the alexa session timeout which is by default set to 8 seconds.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-dynamodb,aws-lambda,alexa-skills-kit","A_Id":39245816,"CreationDate":"2016-08-11T04:02:00.000","Title":"Troubleshooting Amazon's Alexa Skill Kit (ASK) Lambda interaction","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"It is wired to get an exception at about 7:30am(utc+8) everyday when calling softlayer-api.\nTransportError: TransportError(0): HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.softlayer.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: \/xmlrpc\/v3.1\/SoftLayer_Product_Package (Caused by ProxyEr\nror('Cannot connect to proxy.', error('Tunnel connection failed: 503 Service Unavailable',)))\nAnd I uses a proxy to forward https request to softlayer's server. At first I thougth it is caused by the proxy, but when I looked into the log, it showed every request had been forwarded successfully. So maybe it is caused by the server. Does the server do something so busy at that moment everyday that it fails to server?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":106,"Q_Id":38890319,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"We don't have any report about this kind of issue nor if the server is busy in SoftLayer's side. but regarding to your issue, it is something related with network issues. It seems that there is something happening with your proxy connection.\nFirst we need to discard if the proxy can be the reason for this issue, it would be very useful if can verify that this issue is reproducible without using a proxy from your side, let me know if you could test it.\nIf you could check this without proxy, I recommend to submit a ticket for further investigation about this issue.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ibm-cloud-infrastructure","A_Id":38898571,"CreationDate":"2016-08-11T07:47:00.000","Title":"TransportError happened when calling softlayer-api","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Purpose:\nI'm making a program that will set up a dedicated server (software made by game devs) for a game with minimal effort. One common step in making the server functional is port forwarding by making a port forward rule on a router.\nMe and my friends have been port forwarding through conventional means for many years with mixed results. As such I am hoping to build a function that will forward a port on a router when given the internal ip of the router, the internal ip of the current computer,the port and the protocol. I have looked for solutions for similar problems, but I found the solutions difficult to understand since i'm not really familiar with the socket module. I would prefer not to use any programs that are not generally installed on windows since I plan to have this function work on systems other than my own.\nApproaches I have explored:\nCreating a bat file that issues commands by means of netsh, then running the bat.\nMaking additions to the settings in a router found under Network -> Network Infrastructure (I do not know how to access these settings programmaticly).\n(I'm aware programs such as GameRanger do this)\nUsing the Socket Module.\nIf anyone can shed some light how I can accomplish any of the above approaches or give me some insight on how I can approach this problem another way I would greatly appreciate it.\nThank you.\nEdit: Purpose","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":707,"Q_Id":38931064,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm not sure if that's possible, as much as I know, ports aren't actually a thing their just some abstraction convention made by protocols today and supported by your operating system that allows you to have multiple connections per one machine,\nnow sockets are basically some object provided to you by the operating system that implements some protocol stack and allows you to communicate with other systems, the API provides you some very nice API called the socket API which allows you use it's functionality in order to communicate with other computers, Port forwarding is not an actual thing, it just means that when the operating system of the router when receiving incoming packets that are destined to some port it will drop them if the port is not open, think of your router as some bouncer or doorman, standing in the entrance of a building, the building is your LAN, your apartment is your machine and rooms within your apartment are ports, some package or mail arrives to your doorman under the port X, a port rule means on IP Y and Port X of the router -> forward to IP Z and port A of some computer within the LAN ( provides and implements the NAT\/PAT ) so what happens if we'll go back to my analogy is something such as this: doorman receives mail destined to some port, and checks if that port is open, if not it drops the mail if it is it allows it to go to some room within some apartment.. (sounds complex I know apologize) my point is, every router chooses to implement port rules or port blocking a little bit different and there is no standard protocol for doing, socket is some object that allows you program to communicate with others, you could create some server - client with sockets but that means that you'll need to create or program your router, and I'm not sure if that's possible,\nwhat you COULD do is:\nevery router provides some http client ( web client ) that is used to create and forward ports, maybe if you read about your router you could get access to that client and write some python http script that forwards ports automatically\nanother point I've forgot is that you need to make sure you're own firewall isn't blocking ports, but there's no need for sockets \/ python to do so, just manually config it","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,batch-file,portforwarding","A_Id":38932875,"CreationDate":"2016-08-13T09:00:00.000","Title":"How to make a port forward rule in Python 3 in windows?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Purpose:\nI'm making a program that will set up a dedicated server (software made by game devs) for a game with minimal effort. One common step in making the server functional is port forwarding by making a port forward rule on a router.\nMe and my friends have been port forwarding through conventional means for many years with mixed results. As such I am hoping to build a function that will forward a port on a router when given the internal ip of the router, the internal ip of the current computer,the port and the protocol. I have looked for solutions for similar problems, but I found the solutions difficult to understand since i'm not really familiar with the socket module. I would prefer not to use any programs that are not generally installed on windows since I plan to have this function work on systems other than my own.\nApproaches I have explored:\nCreating a bat file that issues commands by means of netsh, then running the bat.\nMaking additions to the settings in a router found under Network -> Network Infrastructure (I do not know how to access these settings programmaticly).\n(I'm aware programs such as GameRanger do this)\nUsing the Socket Module.\nIf anyone can shed some light how I can accomplish any of the above approaches or give me some insight on how I can approach this problem another way I would greatly appreciate it.\nThank you.\nEdit: Purpose","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":707,"Q_Id":38931064,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should read first some sort of informations about UPnP (Router Port-Forwarding) and that it's normally disabled.  \nDependent of your needs, you could also try a look at ssh reverse tunnels and at ssh at all, as it can solve many problems.\nBut you will see that working with windows and things like adavanced network things is a bad idea.\nAt least you should use cygwin.  \nAnd when you really interessted in network traffic at all, wireshark should be installed.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,batch-file,portforwarding","A_Id":38932807,"CreationDate":"2016-08-13T09:00:00.000","Title":"How to make a port forward rule in Python 3 in windows?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can't seem to find a good explanation of how to use Python modules. Take for example the urllib module. It has commands such as\nreq = urllib.request.Request().\nHow would I find out what specific commands, like this one, are in certain Python modules?\nFor all the examples I've seen of people using specific Python modules, they just know what to type, and how to use them. \nAny suggestions will be much appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":138,"Q_Id":38936584,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"My flow chart looks something like this:\n\nReading the published documentation (or use help(moduleName) which gives you the same information without an internet connection in a harder to read format). This can be overly verbose if you're only looking for one tidbit of information, in which case I move on to...\nFinding tutorials or similar stack overflow posts using specific keywords in your favorite search engine. This is generally the approach you will use 99% of the time.\nJust recursively poking around with dir() and __doc__ if you think the answer for what you're looking for is going to be relatively obvious (usually if the module has relatively simple functions such as math that are obvious by the name)\nLooking at the source of the module if you really want to see how things works.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,python-module","A_Id":38937103,"CreationDate":"2016-08-13T20:12:00.000","Title":"How to find good documentation for Python modules","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am testing my app using the terminal, which is quite handy in a pre-development phase.\nso far, I have used spotipy.Spotify(client_credentials_manager=client_credentials_manager) within my python scripts in order to access data. \nSpotifyClientCredentials() requires client_idand client_secret as parameters.\nnow I need to access analysis_url data, which requires an access token.\nIs there a way to include this access token requirement via my python script ran at command line or do I have to build an app on the browser just to do a simple test?\nmany thanks on advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":422,"Q_Id":38939085,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Copy and paste the entire redirect URI from your browser to the terminal (when prompted) after successful authentication.  Your access token will be cached in the directory (look for .cache.<username>)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,command-line,spotify,spotipy","A_Id":39049945,"CreationDate":"2016-08-14T04:19:00.000","Title":"Spotify - access token from command line","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a problem that I am trying to conceptualize whether possible or not. Nothing too fancy (i.e. remote login or anything etc.)\nI have Website A and Website B. \nOn website A a user selects on a few links from website B, i would like to then remotely click on behalf of the user on the link (as Website B creates a cookie with the clicked information) so when the user gets redirected to Website B, the cookie (and the links) are pre-selected and the user does not need to click on them one by one.\nCan this be done?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":38,"Q_Id":38979170,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"IF you want to interact to anorher webservice the resolution is send post\/get request and parse response\nQuestion is what is your goal?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,cookies","A_Id":38979448,"CreationDate":"2016-08-16T15:42:00.000","Title":"How to remote click on links from a 3rd party website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using the Python AWS API. I would like to invoke a lambda function from client code, but I have not been able to find documentation on whether the payload sent during invocation is encrypted. \nCan someone watching the network potentially snoop on the AWS invocation payload? Or is the payload transmitted over a secure channel?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":943,"Q_Id":39057569,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you turn on the debug logging you should see how exactly is data transmitted. Or try netstat or Wireshark to see if it makes connection to port 443 rather than 80.\nFrom my experience with boto3 and S3 (not Lambda) it uses HTTPS, which I would consider somewhat secure. I hope the certificates are verified...","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,encryption,aws-lambda,boto3","A_Id":39058104,"CreationDate":"2016-08-20T18:43:00.000","Title":"Does Boto3 encrypt the payload during transmission when invoking a lambda function?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Maybe this is a silly question, I just set up free Amazon Linux instance according to the tutorial, what I want to do is simply running python scripts.\nThen I googled AWS and Python, Amazon mentioned Boto.\nI don't know why using Boto. Because if I type python, it already installed.\nWhat I want to do is run a script on day time. \nIs there a need for me to reading about Boto or just run xx.py on AWS ?\nAny help is appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":561,"Q_Id":39086388,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Boto is a Python wrapper for AWS APIs. If you want to interact with AWS using its published APIs, you need boto\/boto3 library installed. Boto will not be supported for long. So if you are starting to use Boto, use Boto3 which is much simpler than Boto.\nBoto3 supports (almost) all AWS services.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto3,boto","A_Id":39086478,"CreationDate":"2016-08-22T18:30:00.000","Title":"Running Python scripts on Amazon Web Services? Do I need to use Boto?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Maybe this is a silly question, I just set up free Amazon Linux instance according to the tutorial, what I want to do is simply running python scripts.\nThen I googled AWS and Python, Amazon mentioned Boto.\nI don't know why using Boto. Because if I type python, it already installed.\nWhat I want to do is run a script on day time. \nIs there a need for me to reading about Boto or just run xx.py on AWS ?\nAny help is appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":561,"Q_Id":39086388,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Boto is a python interface to Amazon Services (like copying to S3, etc).\nYou don't need it to just run regular python as you would on any linux instance with python installed, except to access AWS services from your EC2 instance.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto3,boto","A_Id":39086443,"CreationDate":"2016-08-22T18:30:00.000","Title":"Running Python scripts on Amazon Web Services? Do I need to use Boto?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an application (spark based service), which when starts..works like following.\nAt localhost:9000\nif I do nc -lk localhost 9000 \nand then start entering the text.. it takes the text entered in terminal as an input and do a simple wordcount computation on it.\nhow do i use the requests library to programmatically send the text, instead of manually writing them in the terminal.\nNot sure if my question is making sense..","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":32,"Q_Id":39086420,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"requests is a HTTP request library, while Spark's wordcount example provides a raw socket server, so no, requests is not the right package to communicate with your Spark app.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":39086692,"CreationDate":"2016-08-22T18:32:00.000","Title":"Using requests package to make request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The homepage for the web application I'm testing has a loading screen when you first load it, then a username\/password box appears.  It is a dynamically generated UI element and the cursor defaults to being inside the username field.\nI looked around and someone suggested using action chains.  When I use action chains, I can immediately input text into the username and password fields and then press enter and the next page loads fine.  Unfortunately, action chains are not a viable long-term answer for me due to my particular setup.\nWhen I use the webdriver's find_element_by_id I am able to locate it and I am not able to send_keys to the element though because it is somehow not visible.  I receive \n\nselenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotVisibleException: Message: element not visible.  \n\nI'm also not able to click the field or otherwise interact with it without getting this error.\nI have also tried identifying and interacting with the elements via other means, such as \"xpaths\" and css, to no avail.  They are always not visible.\nStrangely, it works with dynamic page titles.  When the page first loads it is Loading... and when finished it is Login.  The driver will return the current title when driver.title is called.\nDoes anyone have a suggestion?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":69,"Q_Id":39090768,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As suggested by saurabh , use \n1 self.wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, OR.Sub_categories)))\nElse put a sleep and see however it is not advisable to use that, may be the xpath you have changes at the time of page load","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,testing","A_Id":39091712,"CreationDate":"2016-08-23T00:53:00.000","Title":"Webpage contained within one dynamic page, unable to use driver interactions with Selenium (Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to delete a big number of canvases and they have filters and segments as dependencies. \nI've done an application in Python which sends API calls to get the segments and filters by using a search key but I can't delete them because they are dependencies in canvases.\nIs there a way to delete the segments and filters using Eloqua REST API? The segments are also dependencies on some newer canvases that shouldn't be deleted.\nThanks for the help!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":200,"Q_Id":39151732,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the Campaign Canvas has dependencies, that means the Campaign Canvas is explicitly referenced. In example, the dependent Segment or Filter includes a \"Clicked Emails from Campaigns\" filer criteria that references the Campaign Canvas.\nIn this example, in order to remove dependencies, you must edit the criteria to not include the Campaign Canvas you want to delete.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rest,api,eloqua","A_Id":39824955,"CreationDate":"2016-08-25T17:48:00.000","Title":"Eloqua delete canvas dependencies using REST API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am having trouble understanding what the advantage of using Celery is. I realize you can use Celery with Redis, RabbitMQ etc, but why wouldn't I just get the client for those message queue services directly rather than sitting Celery in front of it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1102,"Q_Id":39188662,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The advantage of using Celery is that we mainly need to write the task processing code and handling of task delivery delivery to the task processors is taken care of by the Celery framework. Scaling out task processing is also easy by just running more Celery workers with higher concurrency (more of processing threads\/processes). We don't even need to write  code for submitting tasks to queues and consuming tasksfrom the queues. \nAlso, it has built in facility to add\/removing consumers for any of the task queues. The framework supports retry of tasks, failure handling, results accumulating etc. It has many many features which helps us to concentrate on implementing the task processing logic only. \nJust for an analogy, implementing a map-reduce program to run on Hadoop is not a very complex task. If data is small, we can write a simple Python script to implement the map-reduce logic which will outperform a Hadoop map-reduce Job processing the same data. But when data is very huge, we have to divide the data across machines, we will need to run multiple processes across machines and co-ordinate their executions. The complexity lies in running multiple  instances of mappers and then reducers tasks across multiple machines, collecting inputs and distributing the inputs to mappers, transferring the outputs of mappers to appropriate reducers, monitoring progress, relaunching failed tasks, detecting job completion etc. \nBut because we have Hadoop, we don't need to care much about the underlying complexity of executing a distribute job. Same way Celery also helps us to concentrate mainly on task execution logic.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,rabbitmq,celery,messaging","A_Id":39188804,"CreationDate":"2016-08-28T06:41:00.000","Title":"Celery with Redis vs Redis Alone","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Let's say my python server has three different responses available. And one user send three HTTP requests at the same time. \nHow can I make sure that one requests get one unique response out of my three different responses?\nI'm using python and mysql. \nThe problem is that even though I store already responded status in mysql, it's a bit too late by the time the next request came in.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34,"Q_Id":39290234,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For starters, if MySQL isn't handling your performance requirements (and it rightly shouldn't, that doesn't sound like a very sane use-case), \nconsider using something like in-memory caching, or for more flexibility, Redis:\nIt's built for stuff like this, and will likely respond much, much quicker.\nAs an added bonus, it has an even simpler implementation than SQL.\nSecond, consider hashing some user and request details and storing that hash with the response to be able to identify it.\nUpon receiving a request, store an entry with a 'pending' status, and only handle 'pending' requests - never ones that are missing entirely.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,distributed-computing","A_Id":39290454,"CreationDate":"2016-09-02T10:31:00.000","Title":"How to response different responses to the same multiple requests based on whether it has been responded?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"More in detail, would like to know:\n\nwhat is the default SYN_RECEIVED timer,\nhow do i get to change it,\nare SYN cookies or SYN caches implemented.\n\nI'm about to create a simple special-purpose publically accessible server. i must choose whether using built-in TCP sockets or RAW sockets and re-implement the TCP handshake if these security mechanisms are not present.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":216,"Q_Id":39438003,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"What you describe are internals of the TCP stack of the operating system. Python just uses this stack via the socket interface. I doubt that any of these settings can be changed specific to the application at all, i.e. these are system wide settings which can only be changed with administrator privileges.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,ddos,python-sockets","A_Id":39438366,"CreationDate":"2016-09-11T16:01:00.000","Title":"what anti-ddos security systems python use for socket TCP connections?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"A Python 3 function receives an SSH address like user@132.243.32.14:\/random\/file\/path. I want to access this file with the paramiko lib, which needs the username, IP address, and file path separately.\nHow can I split this address into these 3 parts, knowing that the input will sometimes omit the username ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":247,"Q_Id":39497199,"Users Score":-3,"Answer":"use\nnot set(p).isdisjoint(set(\"0123456789$,\")) where p is the SSH.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,parsing,ssh,ip-address","A_Id":39500132,"CreationDate":"2016-09-14T18:23:00.000","Title":"How to split an SSH address + path?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python 2.7 and networkx.\nI have a quite large network and I need to find all the paths (not only the shortest path) between an origin and destination. Since my network is large, I would like to speed up with some constraints, such as path length, cost, etc.. \nI am using networkx. I don't want to use all_simple_paths because with all_simple_paths, I have to filter all the paths later based on path length (number of nodes in it) or cost of the path (based on arc costs). Filtering all the paths is very expensive for the large network. \nI would really appreciate any help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":363,"Q_Id":39500131,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It really depends what paths you are looking for. \nTo begin with, the shortest path gives you the lowest bound c_min on the length constraint. Then given a length constraint c>=c_min, for each node n, you know the shortest path P_s_n and distance c_n from start to this node. Choose those nodes that satisfy c_n <c. Then you can extend P_s_n arbitrarily by any path from n to goal, which will satisfy your length constraint.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,networkx","A_Id":39629000,"CreationDate":"2016-09-14T21:46:00.000","Title":"Find all paths between origin destination with path length constraint","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can't find any results when searching Google for this response. \nI'm using the current Google Python API Client to make requests against the Gmail API. I can successfully insert a label, I can successfully retrieve a user's SendAs settings, but I cannot update, patch, or create a SendAS without receiving this error.\nHere's a brief snippit of my code:\n\n    sendAsResource = {\"sendAsEmail\": \"existingalias@test.com\",\n        \"isDefault\": True,\n        \"replyToAddress\": \"existingalias@test.com\",\n        \"displayName\": \"Test Sendas\",\n        \"isPrimary\": False,\n        \"treatAsAlias\": False\n        }\n    self.service.users().settings().sendAs().create(userId = \"me\", body=sendAsResource).execute()\n\nThe response I get is:\n<HttpError 400 when requesting https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/gmail\/v1\/users\/me\/settings\/sendAs?alt=json returned \"Custom display name disallowed\">\nI've tried userId=\"me\" as well as the user i'm authenticated with, both result in this error. I am using a service account with domain wide delegation. Since adding a label works fine, I'm confused why this doesn't.\nAll pip modules are up to date as of this morning (google-api-python-client==1.5.3)\nEdit: After hours of testing I decided to try on another user and this worked fine. There is something unique about my initial test account.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":964,"Q_Id":39517707,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This was a bug in the Gmail API.  It is fixed now.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,gmail-api,google-api-python-client","A_Id":39777352,"CreationDate":"2016-09-15T18:11:00.000","Title":"Setting the SendAs via python gmail api returns \"Custom display name disallowed\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Since google trends require you to login, can I still use an IP rotator such as crawlera to download the csv files? If so, is there any example code with python (i.e python + crawlera to download files on google). \nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1606,"Q_Id":39536762,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No one is going to write code for you.\nBut I can leave some comments because I have been using Crawlera proxies for the past few months.\nWith crawlera you can scrape Google Trends with new IP each time, or even you can use a same IP each time(its called session management in crawlera).\nYou can send a header 'X-Crawlera-Session':'create' along with your request and Crawlera on their end will create a session, and in response, they will return 'X-Crawlera-Session': ['123123123'] ... And if you think that you are not blocked from Google, \nYou can send 'X-Crawlera-Session': '123123123' with each of your request so Crawlera will use same IP each time.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,proxy,web-crawler,google-trends","A_Id":41170050,"CreationDate":"2016-09-16T17:06:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to use a proxy rotator such as crawlera with google trends?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Exception in XML-RPC listener loop (java.net.SocketException: Socket closed).\n\nWhen I run PyCharm from bash , I get this error..As result: I cant't use python-console in pycharm Anybody know how to fix it ? \nOS: ubuntu 16.04","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":602,"Q_Id":39537700,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Hi I had the same problem as you. I solved the problem by making the line 127.0.0.1 localhost as the first line in \/etc\/hosts. The reason python console does not run is that python console tries to connect to localhost:pycharm-port, but localhost was resolved to the IPv6 addess of ::1, and the connection is refused.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,pycharm,xml-rpc","A_Id":44059972,"CreationDate":"2016-09-16T18:10:00.000","Title":"How to fix python console error in pycharm?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to make a video-streaming application, in which i'll be able to both stream my webcam and my desktop. Up until now I've done so with TCP communication in order to make sure everything works, and it does, but very slowly.\nI know that usually in live streams like these you would use UDP, but I can't get it to work. I have created a basic UDP client and a server, and it works with sending shorts string, but when it comes to sending a whole image i can't find a solution to that. I have also looked it up online but found only posts about sending images through sockets in general, and they used TCP.\nI'm using Python 2.7, pygame to show the images, PIL + VideoCapture to save them, and StringIO + base64 in order to send them as string.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":992,"Q_Id":39547386,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"My psychic powers tell me that are hitting the size limit for a UDP packet, which is just under 64KB.   You will likely need to split your image bytes up into multiple packets when sending and have some logic to put them back together on the receiving end.  You will likely need to roll out your own header format.\nNot sure why you would need to base64 encode your image bytes, that just add 33% of network overhead for no reason.\nWhile UDP has less network overhead than TCP, it generally relies on you, the developer, to come up with your own mechanisms for flow control, fragmentation handling, lost packets, etc...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,image,sockets,stream,udp","A_Id":39556790,"CreationDate":"2016-09-17T13:29:00.000","Title":"Sending an image through UDP communication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to post data from html to another html\nI know how to post data html->python and python-> html\nI have dictionary in the html (I get it from python - return render_to_response('page.html', locals())\nhow can I use with the dictionary in the second html file?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":39571659,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are not gonna use any sensitive data like password you can use localStorage or Url Hash .","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html","A_Id":69865240,"CreationDate":"2016-09-19T11:05:00.000","Title":"Post data from html to another html","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've try before sending message from single producer to 2 different consumer with DIFFERENT consumer group id. The result is both consumer able to read the complete message (both consumers getting the same message). But I would like to ask is it possible for these 2 consumers read different messages while setting them under a SAME consumer group name?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":112,"Q_Id":39611124,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I found the answer already, just make sure the partition number is not equal to one while creating new topic.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,producer-consumer,kafka-python","A_Id":39652029,"CreationDate":"2016-09-21T08:21:00.000","Title":"Single producer to multi consumers (Same consumer group)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is that a way to create an EC2 instance with tags(I mean, adding tag as parameter when creating instance)\nI can't find this function in boto APIs.  According to the document, we can only add tags after creating. \nHowever, when creating on the browser, we can configure the tags when creating. So can we do the same thing in boto? (In our course we are required to tag our resource when creating, which is for bill monitor purpose, so adding tags after creating is not allowed.....)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":39628128,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"At the time of writing, there is no way to do this in a single operation.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,boto","A_Id":39649819,"CreationDate":"2016-09-21T23:44:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to set a tag on an EC2 instance while creating it?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Other people have asked this question and there are some answers but they do not clarify one moment. Implicit wait will wait for a specified amount of time if element is not found right away and then will run an error after waiting for the specified amount of time. Does it mean that implicit wait checks for the element the very first second and then waits for the specified time and checks at the last second again? \nI know that explicit wait polls the DOM every 500ms. What is the practical use of implicit wait if tests take longer with it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1773,"Q_Id":39628191,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In case of implicit wait driver waits till elements appears in DOM but at the same time it does not guarantee that elements are usable. Elements might not be enabled to be used ( like button click ) or elements might not have shape defined at that time. \nWe are not interested with all the elements on the page as far as we are using selenium. All element might not have shape even.But presence of all the element in DOM is important to have other element working correctly. So implicit wait. \nWhen working with any element, we use explicit wait ( WebDriverwait ) or FluentWait.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":39629897,"CreationDate":"2016-09-21T23:54:00.000","Title":"Selenium Webdriver Python - implicit wait is not clear to me","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"SORRY FOR BAD ENGLISH\nWhy if I have two send()-s on the server, and two recv()-s on the client, sometimes the first recv() will get the content of the 2nd send() from the server, without taking just the content of the first one and let the other recv() to take the \"due and proper\" content of the other send()?\nHow can I get this work in an other way?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":39687586,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Most probably you use SOCK_STREAM type socket. This is a TCP socket and that means that you push data to one side and it gets from the other side in the same order and without missing chunks, but there are no delimiters. So send() just sends data and recv() receives all the data available to the current moment.\nYou can use SOCK_DGRAM and then UDP will be used. But in such case every send() will send a datagram and recv() will receive it. But you are not guaranteed that your datagrams will not be shuffled or lost, so you will have to deal with such problems yourself. There is also a limit on maximal datagram size.\nOr you can stick to TCP connection but then you have to send delimiters yourself.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":39687703,"CreationDate":"2016-09-25T13:53:00.000","Title":"Weird behavior of send() and recv()","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to read and write custom data to TCP options field using Scapy. I know how to use TCP options field in Scapy in \"normal\" way as dictionary, but is it possible to write to it byte per byte?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":402,"Q_Id":39713540,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can not directly write the TCP options field byte per byte, however you can either:\n\nwrite your entire TCP segment byte per byte: TCP(\"\\x01...\\x0n\")\nadd an option to Scapy's code manually in scapy\/layers\/inet.py TCPOptions structure\n\nThese are workarounds and a definitive solution to this would be to implement a byte per byte TCP options field and commit on Scapy's github of course.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tcp,scapy","A_Id":40023525,"CreationDate":"2016-09-26T22:46:00.000","Title":"Read\/Write TCP options field","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i have made a python desktop app which takes voice commands now i want to present it via Skype to someone and so i want the people to hear the response , is there a way to do it, so that everyone on the call can hear the response and give voice command to it..","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":439,"Q_Id":39716983,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Currently there is no way to present content through the Skype Web SDK. This might be something we add in a future release.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,skype-for-business,skypedeveloper","A_Id":39847739,"CreationDate":"2016-09-27T05:55:00.000","Title":"Skype integration with python desktop app","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Need to download image from the tableau server using python script. Tableau Rest API doesn't provide any option to do so.I like to know what is proper way of downloading high resolution\/full size image from tableau server using python or any other server scripting language.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6844,"Q_Id":39717464,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The simplest approach is to issue an HTTP GET request from Python to your Tableau Server and append a format string to the URL such as \".png\" or \".pdf\".\nThere are size options you can experiment with as well -- press the Share button to see the syntax.\nYou can also pass filter settings in the URL as query parameters","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,tableau-api","A_Id":39732617,"CreationDate":"2016-09-27T06:27:00.000","Title":"Tableau download\/export images using Rest api python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working with a networking appliance that has vague API documentation. I'm able to execute PATCH and GET requests fine, but POST isn't working. I receive HTTP status error 422 as a response, I'm missing a field in the JSON request, but I am providing the required fields as specified in the documentation. I have tried the Python Requests module and the vendor-provided PyCurl module in their sample code, but have encountered the same error.\nDoes the REST API have a debug method that returns the required fields, and its value types, for a specific POST? I'm speaking more of what the template is configured to see in the request (such as JSON {str(ServerName) : int(ServerID)}, not what the API developer may have created.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2845,"Q_Id":39726577,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No this does not exist in general. Some services support an OPTIONS request to the route in question, which should return you documentation about the route. If you are lucky this is machine generated from the same source code that implements the route, so is more accurate than static documentation. However, it may just return a very simple summary, such as which HTTP verbs are supported, which you already know.\nEven better, some services may support a machine description of the API using WSDL or WADL, although you probably will only find that if the service also supports XML. This can be better because you will be able to find a library that can parse the description and generate a local object model of the service to use to interact with the API.\nHowever, even if you have OPTIONS or WADL file, the kind of error you are facing could still happen. If the documents are not helping, you probably need to contact the service support team with a demonstration of your problem and request assistance.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,rest,pycurl,http-status-code-422","A_Id":39726781,"CreationDate":"2016-09-27T13:54:00.000","Title":"How to determine what fields are required by a REST API, from the API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a little Python script that parses a website.\nI got a \"\u00e4\" character in form of \\u00e4 in a url from a link like http:\/\/foo.com\/h\\u00e4ppo, and I need http:\/\/foo.com\/h\u00e4ppo.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":552,"Q_Id":39778909,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Unluckily this depends heavily on the encoding of the site you parsed, as well as your local IO encoding. \nI'm not really sure if you can translate it after parsing, and if it's really worth the work. If you have the chance to parse it again you can try using python's decode() function, like:\ntext.decode('utf8')\n\nBesides that, check that the encoding used above is the same that in your local environment. This is specially important on Windows environments, since they use cp1252 as their standard encoding.\nIn Mac and Linux: export PYTHONIOENCODING=utf8\nIn Windows: set PYTHONIOENCODING=utf8\nIt's not much, but I hope it helps.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,url,encoding","A_Id":39779578,"CreationDate":"2016-09-29T19:55:00.000","Title":"UTF8 Character in URL String","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to scrape a lot (a few hundred) of sites, which are basically like bulletin boards. Some of these are very large (up to 1.5 million) and also growing very quickly. What I want to achieve is:\n\nscrape all the existing entries\nscrape all the new entries near real-time (ideally around 1 hour intervals or less)\n\nFor this we are using scrapy and save the items in a postresql database. The problem right now is, how can I make sure I got all the records without scraping the complete site every time? (Which would not be very agressive traffic-wise, but also not possible to complete within 1 hour.)\nFor example: I have a site with 100 pages and 10 records each. So I scrape page 1, and then go to page 2. But on fast growing sites, at the time I do the request for page 2, there might be 10 new records, so I would get the same items again. Nevertheless I would get all items in the end. BUT next time scraping this site, how would I know where to stop? I can't stop at the first record I already have in my database, because this might be suddenly on the first page, because there a new reply was made.\nI am not sure if I got my point accross, but tl;dr: How to fetch fast growing BBS in an incremental way? So with getting all the records, but only fetching new records each time. I looked at scrapy's resume function and also at scrapinghubs deltafetch middleware, but I don't know if (and how) they can help to overcome this problem.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":265,"Q_Id":39805237,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For example: I have a site with 100 pages and 10 records each. So I scrape page 1, and then go to page 2. But on fast growing sites, at the time I do the request for page 2, there might be 10 new records, so I would get the same items again. Nevertheless I would get all items in the end. BUT next time scraping this site, how would I know where to stop? I can't stop at the first record I already have in my database, because this might be suddenly on the first page, because there a new reply was made.\n\nUsually each record has a unique link (permalink) e.g. the above question can be accessed by just entering https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/39805237\/ & ignoring the text beyond that. You'll have to store the unique URL for each record and when you scrape next time, ignore the ones that you already have. \nIf you take the example of tag python on Stackoverflow, you can view the  questions here : https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/tagged\/python but the sorting order can't be relied upon for ensuring unique entries. One way to scrape would be to sort by newest questions and keep ignoring duplicate ones by their URL. \nYou can have an algorithm that scrapes first 'n' pages every 'x' minutes until it hits an existing record. The whole flow is a bit site specific, but as you scrape more sites, your algorithm will become more generic and robust to handle edge cases and new sites.\nAnother approach is to not run scrapy yourself, but use a distributed spider service. They generally have multiple IPs and can spider large sites within minutes. Just make sure you respect the site's robots.txt file and don't accidentally DDoS them.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,postgresql,web-scraping,scrapy","A_Id":39805342,"CreationDate":"2016-10-01T09:56:00.000","Title":"How to go about incremental scraping large sites near-realtime","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I'm currently using chromedriver for selenium with Python, responses are quite slow, so I'm trying to reduce how much chromedriver loads..\nis there anyway I can remove the address bar, tool bar and most of the gui from chrome its self using chrome arguments?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":206,"Q_Id":39807281,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think hiding the address bar and other GUI elements will have any effect. I would like to suggest using PhantomJS, a headless browser without a GUI at all. This will certainly speed up your tests.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":39807531,"CreationDate":"2016-10-01T13:35:00.000","Title":"Python Selenium CHROMEDRIVER","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im using python.\nI dont understand the purpose of empty string in IP to connect to if its not to connect between two Computers in the same LAN router.\nMy knowledge in network is close to zero, so when I reading in the internet somthing like this:\n\nempty string represents INADDR_ANY, and the string ''\n  represents INADDR_BROADCAST\n\nSo if you please will be able to explain me, like you explain to a baby that dont know nothing - what is the purpose of any of the follows in the IP location in socket object:\n\nbroadcast\n''\nlocalhost\n\nand if there is more, so I will be glad to know about them too. Tanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1707,"Q_Id":39815633,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"'localhost' (or '127.0.0.1') is used to connect with program on the same computer - ie. database viewer <-> local database server, Doom client <-> local Doom server. This way you don't have to write different method to connect to local server.\nComputer can have more then one network card (NIC) and every NIC has own IP address. You can use this IP in program and then program will use only this one NIC to receive requests\/connections. This way you may have server which receives requests only from LAN but not from Internet - it is very popular for databases used by web servers.\nEmpty string means '0.0.0.0' which means that program will receive requests from all NICs.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":39815976,"CreationDate":"2016-10-02T09:30:00.000","Title":"I have get really confused in IP types with sockets (empty string, 'local host', etc...)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a .csv file with a list of URLs I need to extract data from. I need to automate the following process: (1) Go to a URL in the file. (2) Click the chrome extension that will redirect me to another page which displays some of the URL's stats. (3) Click the link in the stats page that enables me to download the data as a .csv file. (4) Save the .csv. (5) Repeat for the next n URLs.\nAny idea how to do this? Any help greatly appreciated!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":282,"Q_Id":39836893,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is a python package called mechanize. It helps you automate the processes that can be done on a browser. So check it out.I think mechanize should give you all the tools required to solve the problem.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,automation,imacros","A_Id":39837450,"CreationDate":"2016-10-03T17:11:00.000","Title":"Automate file downloading using a chrome extension","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a webservice (web.py+cx_Oracle) and now I will call it with localhost:8080\/...!\nOn the local pc it is working. But after installation on a second pc for testing purposes it is not working there. All versions are the same!\nOn the second pc the browser is asking for a username and password from XDB. What is XDB and why is he asking only on the second pc?\nOn the first pc everything works fine and he is not asking for username and password...Can someone explain to me what is going on?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":809,"Q_Id":39869000,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"XDB is an Oracle database component. It would appear that on your first PC, you're able to automatically log on to the database which is why you're not prompted. However, the second PC isn't able to, so you're prompted. \nCompare using SQL*Plus (or other oracle client) from your two PCs & configure PC #2 so that it won't require a login (or modify your cx_oracle connect() call to provide the correct connection parameters (user, password, dsn, etc.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web.py,cx-oracle","A_Id":40708891,"CreationDate":"2016-10-05T08:30:00.000","Title":"Asking for username and password from XDB","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a repeatable problem with my laptop (an HP G4 250 that came with windows 10). I can be happily on the Internet, but opening Spyder causes the Internet to immediately die. Now, the system does something rather unusual. I am not disconnected from the router, and the wireless icon still says I am connected and have Internet access. But streams crash, webpages refuse to load and say there is no internet connection, and I can;t even access my router's config page. \nClosing Spyder fixes the problem. Not instantly, but when Spyder is open, it creates several pythonw.exe network requests (seen from resource manager) and the Internet is restored when those processes close themselves upon exiting Spyder (typically 10 seconds to 2 minutes, depending on system load). \nI have added Spyder to my firewall, but that has done nothing. I haven't added (nor found) pythonw.exe, but it's not Spyder that has the problem with connecting, it's my entire machine. \nIt's not coincidental. It's happened now, 2 days in a row, and is highly repeatable. After a while with Spyder being open, I can sometimes receive intermittent Internet function, but it frequently drops until I close the program. \nAfter experiencing it last night, I purged my driver and reinstalled it fresh, and that has fixed nothing. I am running the latest wireless driver provided by HP for my machine. As this problem only occurs when running Spyder, I doubt it's a driver or hardware issue.\nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.6640367703,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1453,"Q_Id":39902458,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"I had the same problem when Spyder was open, with all of my Internet browsers, on both Windows 7 and Windows 10. The newest update of Spyder has fixed most of this for me. Try opening up the command prompt and typing:\nconda update spyder.\nHope this helps!","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,windows-10,wireless,spyder","A_Id":40372092,"CreationDate":"2016-10-06T17:42:00.000","Title":"Anaconda 3 Spyder appears to be causing internet outages on Windows 10","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Java process which interacts with its REST API called from my program's UI. When I receive the API call, I end up calling the (non-REST based) Python script(s) which do a bunch of work and return me back the results which are returned back as API response.\n- I wanted to convert this interaction of UI API -> JAVA -> calling python scripts to become end to end a REST one, so that in coming times it becomes immaterial which language I am using instead of Python.\n- Any inputs on whats the best way of making the call end-to-end a REST based ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2327,"Q_Id":39906167,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Furthermore, in the future you might want to separate them from the same machine and use network to communicate.\nYou can use http requests.\nMake a contract in java of which output you will provide to your python script (or any other language you will use) send the output as a json to your python script, so in that way you can easily change the language as long as you send the same json.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,rest,api","A_Id":39906371,"CreationDate":"2016-10-06T21:51:00.000","Title":"Inputs on how to achieve REST based interaction between Java and Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Using proxy connection (HTTP Proxy : 10.3.100.207, Port 8080).\nUsing python's request module's get function, getting following error:\n\"Unable to determine SOCKS version from socks:\/\/10.3.100.207:8080\/\"","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9897,"Q_Id":39906836,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I resolved this problem by removing \"socks:\" in_all_proxy.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"proxy,python-requests,socks","A_Id":46545628,"CreationDate":"2016-10-06T22:53:00.000","Title":"Unable to determine SOCKS version from socks","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using proxy connection (HTTP Proxy : 10.3.100.207, Port 8080).\nUsing python's request module's get function, getting following error:\n\"Unable to determine SOCKS version from socks:\/\/10.3.100.207:8080\/\"","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":9897,"Q_Id":39906836,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"Try export all_proxy=\"socks5:\/\/10.3.100.207:8080\" if you want to use socks proxy.\nElse export all_proxy=\"\" for no proxy.\nHope This works. :D","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"proxy,python-requests,socks","A_Id":40343534,"CreationDate":"2016-10-06T22:53:00.000","Title":"Unable to determine SOCKS version from socks","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I don't want to use selenium since I dont want to open any browsers.\nThe button triggers a Javascript method that changes something in the page.\nI want to simulate a button click so I can get the \"output\" from it.\nExample (not what the button actually do) :\nI enter a name such as \"John\", press the button and it changes \"John\" to \"nhoJ\".\nso I already managed to change the value of the input to John but I have no clue how I could simulate a button click so I can get the output.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5581,"Q_Id":39963972,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can't do what you want. Beautiful soup is a text processor which has no way to run JavaScript.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":39964037,"CreationDate":"2016-10-10T17:50:00.000","Title":"Python: How to simulate a click using BeautifulSoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I don't want to use selenium since I dont want to open any browsers.\nThe button triggers a Javascript method that changes something in the page.\nI want to simulate a button click so I can get the \"output\" from it.\nExample (not what the button actually do) :\nI enter a name such as \"John\", press the button and it changes \"John\" to \"nhoJ\".\nso I already managed to change the value of the input to John but I have no clue how I could simulate a button click so I can get the output.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5581,"Q_Id":39963972,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"BeautifulSoup is an HtmlParser you can't do such thing. Buf if that button calls an API, you could make a request to that api and I guess that would simulate clicking the button.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":39964061,"CreationDate":"2016-10-10T17:50:00.000","Title":"Python: How to simulate a click using BeautifulSoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am now trying the python module google which only return the url from the search result. And I want to have the snippets as information as well, how could I do that?(Since the google web search API is deprecated)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":167,"Q_Id":39989680,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you're going to have to extract your own snippets by opening and reading the url in the search result.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":39989752,"CreationDate":"2016-10-12T02:41:00.000","Title":"How can I get the google search snippets using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm wondering, I'd love to find or write condition to check if some element exists. If it does than I want to execute body of IF condition. If it doesn't exist than to execute body of ELSE.\nIs there some condition like this or is it necessary to write by myself somehow?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":22789,"Q_Id":39997176,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"By locating the element using xpath, I assume that you're using Sselenium2Library. In that lib there is a keyword named: \nPage Should Contain Element which requires an argument, which is a selector, for example the xpath that defines your element. \nThe keyword failes, if the page does not contain the specified element. \nFor the condition, use this: \n${Result}= Page Should Contain Element  ${Xpath}\nRun Keyword Unless  '${RESULT}'=='PASS'  Keyword args*\nYou can also use an other keyword: Xpath Should Match X Times","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,testing,xpath,automated-tests,robotframework","A_Id":40018399,"CreationDate":"2016-10-12T11:14:00.000","Title":"Robot Framework - check if element defined by xpath exists","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the Python requests library to send a POST request. The part of the program that produces the POST data can write into an arbitrary file-like object (output stream).\nHow can I make these two parts fit?\nI would have expected that requests provides a streaming interface for this use case, but it seems it doesn't. It only accepts as data argument a file-like object from which it reads. It doesn't provide a file-like object into which I can write.\nIs this a fundamental issue with the Python HTTP libraries?\nIdeas so far:\nIt seems that the simplest solution is to fork() and to let the requests library communicate with the POST data producer throgh a pipe.\nIs there a better way?\nAlternatively, I could try to complicate the POST data producer. However, that one is parsing one XML stream (from stdin) and producing a new XML stream to used as POST data. Then I have the same problem in reverse: The XML serializer libraries want to write into a file-like object, I'm not aware of any possibility that an XML serializer provides a file-like object from which other can read.\nI'm also aware that the cleanest, classic solution to this is coroutines, which are somewhat available in Python through generators (yield). The POST data could be streamed through (yield) instead of a file-like object and use a pull-parser.\nHowever, is possible to make requests accept an iterator for POST data? And is there an XML serializer that can readily be used in combination with yield?\nOr, are there any wrapper objects that turn writing into a file-like object into a generator, and\/or provide a file-like object that wraps an iterator?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10296,"Q_Id":40015869,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"The only way of connecting a data producer that requires a push interface for its data sink with a data consumer that requires a pull interface for its data source is through an intermediate buffer. Such a system can be operated only by running the producer and the consumer in \"parallel\" - the producer fills the buffer and the consumer reads from it, each of them being suspended as necessary. Such a parallelism can be simulated with cooperative multitasking, where the producer yields the control to the consumer when the buffer is full, and the consumer returns the control to the producer when the buffer gets empty. By taking the generator approach you will be building a custom-tailored cooperative multitasking solution for your case, which will hardly end up being simpler compared to the easy pipe-based approach, where the responsibility of scheduling the producer and the consumer is entirely with the OS.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,xml,http,python-requests,generator","A_Id":40018118,"CreationDate":"2016-10-13T08:25:00.000","Title":"How to stream POST data into Python requests?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Elasticsearch has a very useful feature called profile API. That is you can get very useful information on the queries performed. I am using the python elasticsearch library to perform the queries and want to be able to get those information back but I don't see anywhere in the docs that this is possible. Have you managed to do it someway?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":223,"Q_Id":40023005,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"adding profile=\"true\" to the body did the trick. In my opinion this should be an argument like size etc in the search method of the Elasticsearch class","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,elasticsearch,profiler","A_Id":40023342,"CreationDate":"2016-10-13T13:54:00.000","Title":"Elasticsearch profile api in python library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I want to implement async file upload for a website. It uses python and javascript for frontend.  After googling, there are a few great posts on them.  However, the posts use different methods and I don't understand which one is the right one.\nMethod 1:\n   Use ajax post to the backend. \nComment: does it make a difference? I thought async has to be in the backend not the front? So when the backend is writing files to disk, it will still be single threaded.\nMethod 2:\n   Use celery or asyncio to upload file in python.\nMethod 3:\n   use background thread to upload file in python.\nAny advice would be thankful.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":786,"Q_Id":40034010,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Asynchronous behavior applies to either side independently. Either side can take advantage of the capability to take care of several tasks as they become ready rather than blocking on a single task and doing nothing in the meantime. For example, servers do things asynchronously (or at least they should) while clients usually don't need to (though there can be benefits if they do and modern programming practices encourage that they do).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ajax,asynchronous","A_Id":40034220,"CreationDate":"2016-10-14T02:33:00.000","Title":"Confusion on async file upload in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"streamer.filter(locations=[-180, -90, 180, 90], languages=['en'], async=True)\nI am trying to extract the tweets which have been geotagged from the twitter streaming API using the above call. However, I guess tweepy is not able to handle the requests and quickly falls behind the twitter rate. Is there a suggested workaround the problem ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":74,"Q_Id":40071459,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no workaround to rate limits other than polling for the rate limit status and waiting for the rate limit to be over. you can also use the flag 'wait_on_rate_limit=True'. This way tweepy will poll for rate limit by itself and sleep until the rate limit period is over.\nYou can also use the flag 'monitor_rate_limit=True' if you want to handle the rate limit \"Exception\" by yourself.\nThat being said, you should really devise some smaller geo range, since your rate limit will be reached every 0.000000001 seconds (or less... it's still twitter).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":40072173,"CreationDate":"2016-10-16T14:34:00.000","Title":"Prevent Tweepy from falling behind","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Here's the scenario: a main thread spawns upto N worker threads that each will update a counter (say they are counting number of requests handled by each of them).\nThe total counter also needs to be read by the main thread on an API request.\nI was thinking of designing it like so:\n1) Global hashmap\/array\/linked-list of counters. \n2) Each worker thread accesses this global structure using the thread-ID as the key, so that there's no mutex required to protect one worker thread from another.\n3) However, here's the tough part: no example I could find online handles this: I want the main thread to be able to read and sum up all counter values on demand, say to serve an API request. I will NEED a mutex here, right?\nSo, effectively, I will need a per-worker-thread mutex that will lock the mutex before updating the global array -- given each worker thread only contends with main thread, the mutex will fail only when main thread is serving the API request.\nThe main thread: when it receives API request, it will have to lock each of the worker-thread-specific mutex one by one, read that thread's counter to get the total count.\nAm I overcomplicating this? I don't like requiring per-worker-thread mutex in this design.\nThanks for any inputs.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":89,"Q_Id":40076481,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your design sounds like the correct approach.  Don't think of them as per-thread mutexes: think of them as per-counter mutexes (each element of your array should probably be a mutex\/counter pair).\nIn the main thread there may be no need to lock all of the mutexes and then read all of the counters: you might be able to do the lock\/read\/unlock for each counter in sequence, if the value is something like your example (number of requests handled by each thread) where reading all the counters together doesn't give a \"more correct\" answer than reading them in sequence.\nAlternatively, you could use atomic variables for the counters instead of locks if your language\/environment offers that.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,c++,multithreading,pthreads","A_Id":40077181,"CreationDate":"2016-10-16T23:08:00.000","Title":"Global array storing counters updated by each thread; main thread to read counters on demand?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Here's the scenario: a main thread spawns upto N worker threads that each will update a counter (say they are counting number of requests handled by each of them).\nThe total counter also needs to be read by the main thread on an API request.\nI was thinking of designing it like so:\n1) Global hashmap\/array\/linked-list of counters. \n2) Each worker thread accesses this global structure using the thread-ID as the key, so that there's no mutex required to protect one worker thread from another.\n3) However, here's the tough part: no example I could find online handles this: I want the main thread to be able to read and sum up all counter values on demand, say to serve an API request. I will NEED a mutex here, right?\nSo, effectively, I will need a per-worker-thread mutex that will lock the mutex before updating the global array -- given each worker thread only contends with main thread, the mutex will fail only when main thread is serving the API request.\nThe main thread: when it receives API request, it will have to lock each of the worker-thread-specific mutex one by one, read that thread's counter to get the total count.\nAm I overcomplicating this? I don't like requiring per-worker-thread mutex in this design.\nThanks for any inputs.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":89,"Q_Id":40076481,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just use an std::atomic<int> to keep a running count. When any thread updates its counter it also updates the running count. When the main thread needs the count it reads the running count. The result may be less than the actual total at any given moment, but whenever things settle down, the total will be right.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,c++,multithreading,pthreads","A_Id":40076739,"CreationDate":"2016-10-16T23:08:00.000","Title":"Global array storing counters updated by each thread; main thread to read counters on demand?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Robotframework selenium2Library with python base and Firefox browser for automating our web application. Having below issue when ever a Click event is about occur, \nHeader in the web application is immovable during page scroll(ie., whenever page scroll happens header would always be available for user view, only the contents get's scrolled) now the issue is, when a element about to get clicked is not available in page view, click event tries to scroll page to bring the element on top of the webpage,which is exactly below the header(overlap) and click event never occurs, getting below exception.\nWebDriverException: Message: Element is not clickable at point (1362.63330078125, 15.5). Other element would receive the click: https:\/\/url\/url\/chat\/chat.asp','popup','height=600, width=680, scrollbars=no, resizable=yes, directories=no, menubar=no, status=no, toolbar=no'));\">\nI have tried Wait Until Page is Visible keyword, but still this doesn't help, as the next statement, Click event(Click Element, Click Link etc) is again scrolling up to the header.\nHeader being visible all time is a feature in our web application and due this scrips are failing, Can some one please help to over come this issue and make the click event to get executed successfully?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1072,"Q_Id":40100528,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you know the element is clickable and just want to click anyway, try using Click Element At Coordinates with a 0,0 offset. It'll ignore the fact that it's obscured and will just click.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,robotframework,selenium2library","A_Id":61486889,"CreationDate":"2016-10-18T05:53:00.000","Title":"Robotframework Selenium2Library header overlay on element to be clicked during page scroll","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Firefox can display '\u56e7' in gb2312 encoded HTML. But u'\u56e7'.encode('gb2312') throws UnicodeEncodeError.\n1.Is there a map, so firefox can lookup gb2312 encoded characters in that map, find 01 display matrix and display \u56e7.\n2.Is there a map for tranlating unicode to gb2312 but u'\u56e7'  is not in that map?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":211,"Q_Id":40100596,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"\u56e7 not in gb2312, use gb18030 instead. I guess firefox may extends encode method when she face unknown characters.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,unicode,encode,gb2312","A_Id":40100834,"CreationDate":"2016-10-18T05:58:00.000","Title":"u'\u56e7'.encode('gb2312') throws UnicodeEncodeError","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"If your seeing this I guess you are looking to run chromium on a raspberry pi with selenium.\nlike this Driver = webdriver.Chrome(\"path\/to\/chomedriver\") or like this webdriver.Chrome()","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.761594156,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":729,"Q_Id":40141260,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"I have concluded, after hours and a whole night of debugging that you can't install it, because there is no chromedriver compatible with a raspberry pi processor. Even if you download the linux 32bit. You can confirm it by running this line in a terminal window path\/to\/chromedriver it will give you this error \n\ncannot execute binary file: Exec format error\n\nHope this helps anyone that wanted to do this :)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,raspberry-pi","A_Id":40141261,"CreationDate":"2016-10-19T20:48:00.000","Title":"selenium run chrome on raspberry pi","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it possible with the Google DoubleClick Bid Manager API to create campaigns, set bids and buy adds?, I have checked the documentation and it seems that there are limited endpoints. \nThese are all the available endpoints according to the documentation:\n\ndoubleclickbidmanager.lineitems.downloadlineitems    Retrieves line items in CSV format.\ndoubleclickbidmanager.lineitems.uploadlineitems  Uploads line items in\nCSV format.\ndoubleclickbidmanager.queries.createquery    Creates a query.\ndoubleclickbidmanager.queries.deletequery    Deletes a stored query as\nwell as the associated stored reports.\ndoubleclickbidmanager.queries.getquery   Retrieves a stored query.\ndoubleclickbidmanager.queries.listqueries    Retrieves stored queries.\ndoubleclickbidmanager.queries.runquery   Runs a stored query to\ngenerate a report.\ndoubleclickbidmanager.reports.listreports    Retrieves stored reports.\ndoubleclickbidmanager.sdf.download   Retrieves entities in SDF format.\n\nNone of these endpoints can do tasks as buy ads, set bids or create campaigns, so I think those tasks can only be done through the UI and not with the API.\nThanks in advance for your help.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1015,"Q_Id":40180601,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I found the way to solve this problem. The actual API v1 has this capabilities but the documentation is not very clear about it.\nYou need to download your Line Items file as CSV or any other supported format, then from that downloaded file you must edit it with any script you want, so you must edit the columns of Status to perform this operation. Also, if you want to create a new campaign, you will need to do the same for new Line Items. After editing the CSV or created one, you must uploaded back to google with the relative endpoint: uploadlineitems.\nGoogle will answer to the owner of the Bid Manager account what changes were accepted from that file that you sent. \nI have confirmed that this is the same behaviour that Google uses for other products where they consume their own API:\n\nDownload or Create Line Items file as CSV or any other supported format.\nEdit Line Items.\nUpload Line Items.\n\nSo basically you only need to create a script that edits CSV files and another to authenticate with the API.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"google-api-python-client,double-click-advertising","A_Id":40370299,"CreationDate":"2016-10-21T15:38:00.000","Title":"Create Campaigns, set bids and buy adds from DoubleClick Bid Manager API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a script that I found on the internet that worked in Python 3.4, but not Python 3.5. I'm not too familiar in python, but it has the \n\n#!\/usr\/bin\/env python3\n\nschlebang at the top of the file. And it also throws this exception when I try to run it:\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n\nFile \"\/home\/username\/folder\/script.py\", line 18, in \ndoc = opener.open(url)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 472, in open\nresponse = meth(req, response)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 582, in http_response\n      'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 504, in error\nresult = self._call_chain(*args)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 444, in _call_chain\nresult = func(*args)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 968, in http_error_401\n      url, req, headers)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 921, in http_error_auth_reqed\nreturn self.retry_http_basic_auth(host, req, realm)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 931, in retry_http_basic_auth\nreturn self.parent.open(req, timeout=req.timeout)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 472, in open\nresponse = meth(req, response)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 582, in http_response\n      'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 510, in error\n      return self._call_chain(*args)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 444, in _call_chain\n      result = func(*args)\nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python3.5\/urllib\/request.py\", line 590, in http_error_default\nraise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)\n\nPython isn't really my preferred langage, so I don't know what to do. This is a script that's supposed to access my Gmail account and pull new mails from it. Do you guys have any suggestions? I'm using Arch Linux, if that helps.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":585,"Q_Id":40204380,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Variant A:\nRun this script as python3.4 \/path\/to\/script\nVariant B:\nChange the schebang to #!\/usr\/bin\/python3.4","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,python-3.4,python-3.5","A_Id":49835752,"CreationDate":"2016-10-23T15:03:00.000","Title":"use python 3.4 instead of python 3.5","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've created tool, that runs as a server, and allow clients to connect to it through TCP, and run some commands. It's written on python 3\nNow I'm going to build package and upload it to Pypi, and have conceptual problem.\nThis tool have python client library inside, so, after installation of the package, it'll be possible to just import library into python script, and use for connection to the daemon without dealing with raw TCP\/IP.\nAlso, I have PHP library, for connection to me server, and the problem is - I don't know how to include it into my python package the right way.\nVariants, that I found and can't choose the right one:\n\nJust include library.php file into package, and after running \"pip install my_package\", I would write \"require('\/usr\/lib\/python3\/dist-packages\/my_package\/library.php')\" into my php file. This way allows to distribute library with the server, and update it synchronously, but add long ugly paths to php require instruction.\nAs library.php in placed on github repository, I could just publish it's url in the docs, and it'll be possible to just clone repository. It makes possible to clone repo, and update library by git pull. \nCreate separate package with my library.php, upload it into packagist, and use composer to download it when it's needed. Good for all composer users, and allow manual update, but doens't update with server's package.\n\nMaybe I've missed some other variants.\nI want to know what would be true python'ic and php'ic way to do this. Thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":605,"Q_Id":40236281,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've decided to create separate PHP package for my PHP library, and upload it to a packagist.org, so, user could get it using php composer, but not forced to, as it would be in case of including library.php into python package.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,python-3.x,pip,composer-php","A_Id":40252615,"CreationDate":"2016-10-25T09:29:00.000","Title":"How to include PHP library in Python package (on not do it)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using a proxy (from proxymesh) to run a spider written in scrapy python, the script is running normally when I don't use the proxy, but when I use it, I am having the following error message:\nCould not open CONNECT tunnel with proxy fr.proxymesh.com:31280 [{'status': 408, 'reason': 'request timeout'}]\nAny clue about how to figure out?\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":497,"Q_Id":40266219,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Thanks.. I figure out here.. the problem is that some proxy location doesn't work with https.. so I just changed it and now it is working.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy,web-scraping,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":40296417,"CreationDate":"2016-10-26T15:24:00.000","Title":"Proxy Error 408 when running a script written in Scrapy Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to upload questions to \"Retrieve and Rank\" (R&R) using cURL and have them be visible in the web tool? \nI started testing R&R using web tool (which I find very intuitive). Now, I have started testing the command line interface (CLI) for more efficient uploading of question-and-answer pairs using train.py. However, I would still like to have the questions visible in web tool so that other people can enter the collection and perform training there as well. Is it possible in the present status of R&R?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":85,"Q_Id":40293466,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Sorry, no - there isn't a public supported API for submitting questions for use in the tool. \n(That wouldn't stop you looking to see how the web tool does it and copying that, but I wouldn't encourage that as the auth step alone would make that fairly messy).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,curl,ibm-watson,retrieve-and-rank","A_Id":40302783,"CreationDate":"2016-10-27T20:14:00.000","Title":"Upload questions to Retrieve and Rank using cURL, visible in webtool","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How do I find (in Python 3.x) the default location where flash drives automatically mount when plugged in on a computer that I happen to be using at the time? (It could be any of various non-specific Linux distributions and older\/new versions. Depending on which one it is, it may mount at such locations as \/media\/driveLabel, \/media\/userName\/driveLabel, \/mnt\/driveLabel, etc.)\nI was content just assuming \/media\/driveLabel until Ubuntu updated its default mount location to include the username (so, now I can't use a static location for bookmarked file settings of a portable app I made across my computers, since I use multiple usernames). So, the paths for the bookmarked files need to be updated every time I use a new computer or user. Note that files on the hard drives are also bookmarked (so, those don't need to be changed; they're set not to load if you're not on the right computer for them).\nAnyway, now I'm not content just going with \/media mounts, if there's a solution here. I would prefer to be able to find this location without having to mount something and find a path's mount location first, if possible (even though that may help me with the problem that sparked the question). It seems like there should be some provision for this, whether in Python, or otherwise.\nIn other words, I want to be able to know where my flash drive is going to mount (sans the drive label part)\u2014not where it's already mounted.\nEDIT: If \/media\/username\/drivelabel is pretty standard for the automatic mounts across all the major distributions that support automatic mounting (the latest versions, at least, as I seem to recall that Ubuntu didn't always include the username), feel free to let me know, as that pretty much answers the question. Or, you could just tell me a list of automatic flash drive mount locations specific to which major distributions. I guess that could work (though I'd have to update it if they changed things).\nFYI EDIT: For my problem I'll probably just save the mount location with the bookmark (so my program knows what part of the bookmark path it was when I open it), and replace that in the bookmark path with the new current mount location when a user loads the bookmark.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":607,"Q_Id":40306972,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Why don't you use the Udev to force the location by your self, simply you can create a UDEV script that keep listening on the drives insertion and map the inserted USB drive to specific location on the machine","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"linux,python-3.x","A_Id":40307020,"CreationDate":"2016-10-28T14:11:00.000","Title":"How do I find the location where flash drives automatically mount in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing a new rest service , lets call serviceA which will internally invoke another rest service ,lets call it serviceB and do some data manipulation and return the response. I am trying to determine what http error status codes returned in below scenarios when client invokes serviceA\n\nserviceB is down\nserviceB returns the exception to serviceA because data does not exist as per the request.\nserviceA gets the correct response from serviceB , but fails to complete the internal processing and errors out. \n\nThanks, any comments are appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":28,"Q_Id":40312526,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For the client which is calling serviceA , serviceB doesn't exists. serviceB is for an internal mechanism of serviceA. So in my opinion either point 1 or point 3, it should just be 500 internal server error.\nFor point 2, I think serivceA should catch the serviceB exception for no data and return 204 No content found.\nNow, additional points. If you have some logic on your client side when serviceB is down and you must know that, you can return 503 or 504 for point 1.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rest,http,error-handling","A_Id":40322779,"CreationDate":"2016-10-28T20:08:00.000","Title":"Error Scenarios in rest service","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote some testing scripts with selenium, and they were working fine as long as I started them from my account, on a Windows 7 machine. But when a colleague started it from his account, on the same machine, some of the tests had a NoSuchElementException. What can cause that difference, maybe something the graphic-settings like the display resolution?\nThe scripts are written in Python, they are using Selenium-Webdriver with Firefox. The PC has Windows 7 Enterprise, 64 Bit, Service Pack 1, with Python 2.7.12 installed.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":44,"Q_Id":40314215,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It looks like I\u2019ve found the explanation: It\u2019s the screen resolution. My colleague and I were connecting to the PC using RDP, and his connection had a smaller screen resolution than mine.\nWhen I was starting a connection, explicitly setting the resolution to his values, the tests produced errors, and when I then started a new connection with my original settings, the tests were running fine again. And this was reproducible. \nI think the background is that on the page are many elements, which are moving dynamically with the page size, and some elements, which are fix or have a minimum size. So it\u2019s possible that an element is covered by another, if the screen is too small, and with it the browser-window. Also a fix element could be partly out of the viewport.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":40421062,"CreationDate":"2016-10-28T22:48:00.000","Title":"What difference can the windows-user-settings make, when running a selenium-script?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using chromedriver on selenium by python scripts.\nWhen fire the scripts, \nRemote end closed connection without response was raised.\ndoes anyone solve this?\nchrome\uff1a 55.0.2883.28\nchromedriver\uff1a 2.25","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2445,"Q_Id":40331375,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I had issues with connections closing unexpectedly after updating to selenium 3.8.1, using Chrome and Java. I was able to resolve the issue by re-trying the driver setup when it quit unexpectedly.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":52170277,"CreationDate":"2016-10-30T16:52:00.000","Title":"Remote end closed connection without response chromedriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am having an issue with Regular expression, I need the most efficient regex that \nmatch IP address and in range of 255 only. \nI tried this one \"ip_pattern = '\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}'\" , but it does match even numbers over 255, such as 321.222.11.4","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1682,"Q_Id":40370552,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use this Regex. It will match and check the IP range within 255.\n\\b(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]?[0-9]).(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]?[0-9]).(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]?[0-9]).(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]?[0-9])\\b","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,regex,ip,analysis","A_Id":53222067,"CreationDate":"2016-11-02T00:14:00.000","Title":"IP address regex python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing a load balancing between multiple controllers in sdn. Once a load is calculated on a controller-1 I need to migrate some part of that to controller-2. I have created the topology using mininet and running 2 remote pox controllers one on 127.0.0.1:6633 and other on 127.0.0.1:6634.How do I communicate between these controllers? How can I send load information of controller-1 to controller-2 and migrate some flows there?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1009,"Q_Id":40384775,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"POX is not a distributed controller. I would really recommend you to migrate immediately to ONOS or opendaylight. You would implement your solution on top of ONOS.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sdn,pox","A_Id":43265462,"CreationDate":"2016-11-02T16:17:00.000","Title":"Communicating between multiple pox controllers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know this question has been asked before but those answers seem to revolve around Hadoop.  For Spark you don't really need all the extra Hadoop cruft.  With the spark-ec2 script (available via GitHub for 2.0) your environment is prepared for Spark.  Are there any compelling use cases (other than a far superior boto3 sdk interface) for running with EMR over EC2?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":129,"Q_Id":40410975,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"This question boils down to the value of managed services, IMHO.\nRunning Spark as a standalone in local mode only requires you get the latest Spark, untar it, cd to its bin path and then running spark-submit, etc\nHowever, creating a multi-node cluster that runs in cluster mode requires that you actually do real networking, configuring, tuning, etc. This means you've got to deal with IAM roles, Security groups, and there are subnet considerations within your VPC.\nWhen you use EMR, you get a turnkey cluster in which you can 1-click install many popular applications (spark included), and all of the Security Groups are already configured properly for network communication between nodes, you've got logging already setup and pointing at S3, you've got easy SSH instructions, you've got an already-installed apparatus for tunneling and viewing the various UI's, you've got visual usage metrics at the IO level, node level, and job submission level, you also have the ability to create and run Steps -- which are jobs that can be run in the command line of the drive node or as Spark applications that leverage the whole cluster. Then, on top of that, you can export that whole cluster, steps included, and copy paste the CLI script into a recurring job via DataPipeline and literally create an ETL pipeline in 60 seconds flat.\nYou wouldn't get any of that if you built it yourself in EC2. I know which one I would choose... EMR. But that's just me.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python-3.x,apache-spark,amazon-ec2","A_Id":40413120,"CreationDate":"2016-11-03T20:48:00.000","Title":"Does EMR still have any advantages over EC2 for Spark?","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Whats the difference between getting text and innerHTML when using selenium. Even though we have text under particular element, when we perform .text we get empty values. But doing .get_attribute(\"innerHTML\") works fine. \nCan someone point out the difference between two? When someone should use '.get_attribute(\"innerHTML\")' over .text?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13511,"Q_Id":40416048,"Users Score":3,"Answer":".text will retrieve an empty string of the text in not present in the view port, so you can sroll the object into the viewport and try .text it should retrive the value.\nOn the contrary innerhtml can get the value even of it is present out side the view port","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,selenium,web-scraping,properties,attributes","A_Id":40416749,"CreationDate":"2016-11-04T05:46:00.000","Title":"Difference between text and innerHTML using Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Whats the difference between getting text and innerHTML when using selenium. Even though we have text under particular element, when we perform .text we get empty values. But doing .get_attribute(\"innerHTML\") works fine. \nCan someone point out the difference between two? When someone should use '.get_attribute(\"innerHTML\")' over .text?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1194272985,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13511,"Q_Id":40416048,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"For instance, <div><span>Example Text<\/span><\/div>\n.get_attribute(\"innerHTML\") gives you the actual HTML inside the current element. So theDivElement.get_attribute(\"innerHTML\") returns \"<span>Example Text<\/span>\"\n.text gives you only text, not include HTML node. So theDivElement.text returns \"Example Text\"\nPlease note that the algorithm for .text depends on webdriver of each browser. In some cases such as element is hidden, you might get different text when you use different webdriver.\nI usually get text from .get_attribute(\"innerText\") instead of .text so I can handle the all the case.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,selenium,web-scraping,properties,attributes","A_Id":40416415,"CreationDate":"2016-11-04T05:46:00.000","Title":"Difference between text and innerHTML using Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have web application which dynamically deployed on EC2 instances (scalable). Also I have RDS mysql instance which dynamically created by python with boto3. Now port 3306 of RDS is public, but I want to allow connection only from my EC2's from specific VPC. Can I create RDS on specific VPC (same one with EC2 instances)? What is best practice to create such set EC2 + RDS ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":214,"Q_Id":40426863,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It is certainly best practice to have your Amazon EC2 instances in the same VPC as the Amazon RDS database. Recommended security is:\n\nCreate a Security Group for your web application EC2 instances (Web-SG)\nLaunch your Amazon RDS instance in a private subnet in the same VPC\nConfigure the Security Group on the RDS instance to allow incoming MySQL (3306) traffic from the Web-SG security group\n\nIf your RDS instance is currently in a different VPC, you can take a snapshot and then create a new database from the snapshot.\nIf you are using an Elastic Load Balancer, you could even put your Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet since all access will be via the Load Balancer.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,deployment,amazon-ec2,boto3","A_Id":40433014,"CreationDate":"2016-11-04T15:50:00.000","Title":"Create AWS RDS on specific VPC","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I can run my python file with imported functionalities from GraphLab from the Terminal (first use the source activate gl-env and then run the file). So the file and installations are alright in that sense. \nHowever, I can't figure out how to run the file directly in Spyder IDE. I only get ImportError: No module named 'graphlab'. The Spyder runs with python3.5 and I've tried to change to 2.7 as the GraphLap seems to, but it doesn't work either (I redirected to the same python2.7 'scientific_startup.py' used in GraphLab lib ). \nI wonder if anyone knows how to run the file directly from Spyder??","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":391,"Q_Id":40430960,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Following method will solve this: \nOpen Spyder --> tools --> preferences --> python interpreter --> change from default to custom and select the python executable under gl-env environment. \nRestart spyder. It will work.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-2.7,python-3.x,spyder,graphlab","A_Id":40952297,"CreationDate":"2016-11-04T20:07:00.000","Title":"run graphlab from Spyder","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a second laptop running kali linux which is not used at all, meaning it can be running anytime as a server for my application. So what I actually want to do is connect from my application to my server and send some data, on the server run a python program that uses this code and return some data back. I never tried to work with servers, can I even turn my computer into a server for my application? does this cost any money? can I run a python code on the server and return the results?\nI know I haven't published any code but I actually don't know how to start this project and I can use some help so can someone refer me to something to start with? Thanks..","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":259,"Q_Id":40438629,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your problem is not Android-related definitely.\nYou simply need to educated yourself about networking. Yes, it will cost you some money - you spend them buying few books and some hardware for building home network.\nAfter about 3-6-12 months of playing with your home network you will find your question rather simple to answer.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python","A_Id":40438672,"CreationDate":"2016-11-05T13:10:00.000","Title":"Using a server in android to run code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to make a simple python program, which controls my laptop's usb hubs. Nothing extra, just put first usb port's DATA+ channel into HIGH (aka 5V) or LOW (aka 0 V) state.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":651,"Q_Id":40442917,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Python is way to highlevel for this problem, this behavior would require you to rewrite the USB Driver of your OS.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,usb","A_Id":40442964,"CreationDate":"2016-11-05T20:32:00.000","Title":"Python - Low Level USB Port Control","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am doing a challenge for Google FooBar, and am having trouble submitting my code.  My code is correct, and I have checked my program output against the answers provided by Google, and my output is correct.  However, when I try and submit, I get a Error 403: Permission denied message.  I cannot submit feedback either because I receive the same error message.  Does any one have any advice?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":604,"Q_Id":40456337,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you have to sign in and associate your foobar to your Gmail then you should be able to request a new challenge.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":60907357,"CreationDate":"2016-11-07T00:55:00.000","Title":"foobar Google - Error 403 permission denied - programming challenge","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am doing a challenge for Google FooBar, and am having trouble submitting my code.  My code is correct, and I have checked my program output against the answers provided by Google, and my output is correct.  However, when I try and submit, I get a Error 403: Permission denied message.  I cannot submit feedback either because I receive the same error message.  Does any one have any advice?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":604,"Q_Id":40456337,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I also faced the same issue. You can solve this by closing the current foobar session and opening a new in another tab.\nThis will definitely solve this problem.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":44912746,"CreationDate":"2016-11-07T00:55:00.000","Title":"foobar Google - Error 403 permission denied - programming challenge","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Exchange Web Services (EWS) with python,\nI used \"UpdateItem\" (soap request) to update message (IPF.Note) body and subject,\ni can see the changes in OWA but outlook not fetching the updated message under any circumstances,\nis there any property or another method i need to use to make outlook notice the change and download the message again?\nI tried to use the Update Folder button and still nothing.\nI am using outlook 2016 with Exchange online (Office 365).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":77,"Q_Id":40469724,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"OK,\nI have found kind of solution,\noutlook only pulling the message again if the message moved to different folder,\nso i moved the message to another folder (junk) and back to the original folder\nand then outlook fetched the updated message.\nI know it's not the best solution though","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,outlook,vsto,exchangewebservices","A_Id":40484743,"CreationDate":"2016-11-07T16:17:00.000","Title":"EWS updating message body not triggering outlook redownload of the message","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Which is better analogy for describing the communication channel between two INET sockets:\n\none two-directional \"pipe\"\ntwo unidirectional \"pipes\"\n\nIf I'm sending something to a two-directional \"pipe\" and then right away try to receive something from there, I'm expecting to get back what I just sent (unless other end managed to consume it in the meanwhile).\nIf there are two unidirectional pipes, one for sending and other for receiving (and vice versa for the other end), then I expect writes in one end don't affect the reads in the same end.\nI'm new to sockets and after reading Python Socket HOWTO I wasn't able to tell which model is being used. I tried to deduce it by an experiment, but I'm not sure I set it up correctly. \nSo, can sending in one end affect receiving in the same end, or are these directions separated as if there were two \"pipes\"?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":40513969,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"A socket is like two unidirectional pipes. You won't ever read back data that you wrote. You'll only get data written by the other side.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":40514101,"CreationDate":"2016-11-09T18:48:00.000","Title":"Sockets analogy: a pipe or two pipes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I run a python program that uses selenium and phantomjs and got these errors 2) and 3) then when I run pip install selenium i got error 1):\n1) The program 'pip' is currently not installed.\n2) ImportError: No module named 'selenium'\n3) selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'phantomjs' executable needs to be in PATH.\nAll done on Ubuntu 14.04 x64","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.761594156,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4788,"Q_Id":40514084,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Here are the answers: \n1) sudo apt-get install python-pip\n2) sudo pip install selenium\n3) sudo apt-get install phantomjs\ntested working. i hope it helps you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,phantomjs,pip","A_Id":40514085,"CreationDate":"2016-11-09T18:57:00.000","Title":"How to install pip and selenium and phantomjs on ubuntu","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to scrape Facebook comments and IDs from a Facebook page like nytimes or the guardian for analytical purposes !?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":827,"Q_Id":40557678,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"for using their API, you'll need to \"verify\" your app to get access to their \"pages_read_user_content\" or \"Page Public Content Access\"\nat first using the API you might \"GET\" the page id \/ page post id \/ the permalink to the post in the page your own but to scrape the comments with API you'll need to verify a business account.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,facebook-apps","A_Id":68362541,"CreationDate":"2016-11-11T23:16:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to scrape Facebook comments and IDs from a Facebook page like nytimes or the guardian for analytical purposes?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i'm relatively new to python, hence the perhaps low level of my question. Anyway, i am trying to create a basic program for just displaying a couple of key statistics for different stocks (beta-value, 30-day high\/low, p\/e, p\/s etc...). I have the GUI finished, but i'm not sure how to proceed with my project. Have been researching for a few hours but can't seem to decide which way to go.\nWould you recommend HTML-scraping or yahoo\/google finance API or anything else for downloading the data? After i have it downloaded i am pretty much just going to print it on the GUI.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":204,"Q_Id":40565660,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's always best to use the provided API if you get all the information you need from it. If the API doesn't exist or is not good enough, then you go on the scraping path and it usually is more work than using API.\nSo I would definitely use try using APIs first.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,web-scraping,yahoo-finance,google-finance","A_Id":40565682,"CreationDate":"2016-11-12T17:31:00.000","Title":"Creation of basic \"stock-program\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to read an existing SVG file, traverse all elements and remove them if they match certain conditions (e.g. remove all objects with red border).\nThere is the svgwrite library for Python2\/3 but the tutorials\/documentation I found only show how to add some lines and save the file.\nCan I also manipulate\/remove existing elements inside an SVG document with svgwrite? If not - is there an alternative for Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":414,"Q_Id":40574548,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The svgwrite package only creates svg. It does not read a svg file. I have not tried any packages to read and process svg files.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,svg","A_Id":41472508,"CreationDate":"2016-11-13T13:49:00.000","Title":"manipulating SVGs with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i'm using pycharm community edition 2.2 with python 2.7\ni have installed selenium web driver through pip install selenium command, but whenever importing (from selenium import web driver) selenium module i'm hitting this error : \"from selenium import web driver\nImportError: No module named selenium\"\nplease help me..","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1262,"Q_Id":40597058,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Try installing it through PyCharm:\nFile -> Settings -> Project:your_project -> Project Interpreter -> green '+' -> find 'selenium' -> install","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":40597145,"CreationDate":"2016-11-14T20:15:00.000","Title":"i have getting this error 'from selenium import webdriver ImportError: No module named selenium\" even though i have installed selenium module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am clearly confused but not sure if I am screwing up the code, or curl \nI would like to use a rest api to pass a schemaname, a queryname, and a number of rows. I've written the python code using a simple -s schemaname -q queryname -r rows structure. Thats seems easy enough. But I  am having trouble finding a good example of passing multiple arguments in a restapi. No matter which version of the todos example I choose as a model, I just cannot figure out how to extend for the second and 3rd argument. If it uses a different structure (JSON) for input, I am fine. The only requirement is that it run from CURL. I can find examples of passing lists, but not multiple arguments. \nIf there is a code example that does it and i have missed it, please send me along. As long as it has a curl example I am good. \nThank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":171,"Q_Id":40629548,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am nominally embarrassed. The issue was NOT the python code at all, it was within Curl. So I both switched to HTTPie and changed the format to Schema=LONGSCHEMANAME \nAll of my tests started working so clearly I was not specifying the right string in curl. The -d option was beating me. So I apologize for wasting time. Thanks","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rest,curl","A_Id":40684339,"CreationDate":"2016-11-16T10:19:00.000","Title":"Passing and receiving multiple arguments with Python in Flask RestAPI","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using lxml to extract a long string value.\nI pass this value to a def located in another module for string.split('|').\nWhen i got the list[] its len() was 0.\nThe problem was somehow the pipe was interpreted as '\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t'.\nWhen i do string.split('\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t'), problem solved, crisis avoided.\nI know its a representation of escape sequences.\nBut why?\nI know i didn't voluntarily changed this in any of my code.\n!!! EDIT !!!\nSorry for the trouble, someone kept editing my xml file from the network...\nI guess they thought it was funny...","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":48,"Q_Id":40633748,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The changes were not introduced by the interpreter but rather by a prankster in the network, I debuuged him. So no problem.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"string,visual-studio,python-3.x,split","A_Id":40672518,"CreationDate":"2016-11-16T13:45:00.000","Title":"string.split() value passed to python3 module interprets '|' like \\n\\t\\t\\t\\t. Why?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to figure out how to scrape dynamic AEM sign-in forms using python. \nThe thing is I've been trying to figure out which module would be best to use for a sign-in form field that dynamically pops up over a webpage.\nI've been told Selenium is a good choice, but so is BeautifulSoup.\nAny pointers to which one would be best to use for dynamically scraping these?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":85,"Q_Id":40650154,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would recommend Selenium as it provides complete browser interface and is mostly used for automation. Selenium will make it more easy to implement and most importantly maintain.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,beautifulsoup,aem","A_Id":40650411,"CreationDate":"2016-11-17T08:42:00.000","Title":"How to scrape AEM forms?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have created a testsuite which has 2 testcases that are recorded using selenium in firefox. Both of those test cases are in separate classes with their own setup and teardown functions, because of which each test case opens the browser and closes it during its execution.\nI am not able to use the same web browser instance for every testcase called from my test suite. Is there a way to achieve this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":35,"Q_Id":40651064,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is how is suppose to work.\nTests should be independent else they can influence each other.  \nI think you would want to have a clean browser each time and not having to clean session\/cookies each time, maybe now not, but when you will have a larger suite you will for sure.\nEach scenario has will start the browser and it will close it at the end, you will have to research which methods are doing this and do some overriding, this is not recommended at all.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":40651174,"CreationDate":"2016-11-17T09:26:00.000","Title":"Using same webInstance which executing a testsuite","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I can't find a way to retrieve the HTTP error code and the error message from a call to a Google API using the Google API Client (in Python).\nI know the call can raise a HttpError (if it's not a network problem) but that's all I know.\nHope you can help","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1914,"Q_Id":40659253,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Actually, found out that e.resp.status is where the HTTP error code is stored (e being the caught exception). Still don't know how to isolate the error message.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,google-api-client","A_Id":40680753,"CreationDate":"2016-11-17T15:48:00.000","Title":"Retrieve error code and message from Google Api Client in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I run the api.py the default IP address is 127.0.0.1:5000 which is the local host. I am running the eve scripts on the server side. Am I able to change that IP address to server's address? or Am I just access it using server's address. \nFor example,\nif the server's address is 11.5.254.12, then I run the api.py. \nAm I able to access it outside of the server using 11.5.254.12:5000 or is there any way to change it from 127.0.0.1 to 11.5.254.12?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1424,"Q_Id":40681689,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Add a parameter to your app.run(). By default it runs on localhost, change it to app.run(host= '0.0.0.0') to run on your machine IP address.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,mongodb,ip,eve","A_Id":40690062,"CreationDate":"2016-11-18T16:19:00.000","Title":"How to change eve's IP address?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to say to clients to start my chat bot and send me username and password, then I store chat_id of them, and use it whenever I want to send a message to one of them.\nIs it possible? or chat_id will be expire?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2478,"Q_Id":40689819,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"When a user register on telegram, server choose a unique chat_id for that user! it means the server do this automatically. thus if the user send \/start message to your bot for the first time, this chat_id will store on bot database (if you code webhook which demonstrates users statastics)\nThe answer is if the user doesnt blocked your bot you can successfully send him\/her a message. on the other hand if the user had delete accounted no ways suggest for send message to new chat id!\ni hope you got it","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot,php-telegram-bot,lua-telegram-bot","A_Id":41173517,"CreationDate":"2016-11-19T06:14:00.000","Title":"Can I use chat_id to send message to clients in Telegram bot after a period of time?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have trouble using impalib to search email that contain more than two subjects, for example:\n\n    import imaplib\n    m = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(\"imap.gmail.com\")\n    m.login('myname', 'mypwd')\n    m.select(\"Inbox\")\n    resp, items = m.uid('search', None, \"(SUBJECT baseball SUBJECT basketball)\")\n\nwill have no problem getting data from searching those subject. However, if i search more than two subjects\n\n    resp, items = m.uid('search', None, \"(SUBJECT baseball SUBJECT basketball SUBJECT football)\")\n\nit won't have data come back. also, subject like \"\"space jam\" or \"matchbox 20\" will have trouble of parsing in the field","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2629,"Q_Id":40695276,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"you can search like this.\n\nm.uid('search', None, \"(OR (SUBJECT baseball) (SUBJECT basketball))\")","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python","A_Id":50421462,"CreationDate":"2016-11-19T16:34:00.000","Title":"Python Imaplib search multiple SUBJECT criteria and special characters","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Okay so i know that you can route web-requests through a proxy in Python, is there any way to route ALL traffic from your system through a server. Much like a VPN client such as Hotspot Shield or CyberGhost, but a custom-build client using the Python language?\nAny links\/help is greatly appreciated.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3290,"Q_Id":40708834,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The short answer is no.\nThe long answer is: network routing is managed by OS and could be managed by other utilities, like iptables. Adding such capabilities to standard libraries is out of the scope of programming language. So, what you are probably looking for is a binding of a VPN library (e.g. libpptp) or making syscalls in Cython, which is not much different than writing in C.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,proxy,routing,vpn","A_Id":40709023,"CreationDate":"2016-11-20T20:10:00.000","Title":"How to connect to a VPN\/Proxy server via Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been exploring ways to use python to log into a secure website (eg. Salesforce), navigate to a certain page and print (save) the page as pdf at a prescribed location.\nI have tried using:\n\npdfkit.from_url: Use Request to get a session cookie, parse it then pass it as cookie into the wkhtmltopdf's options settings. This method does not work due to pdfkit not being able to recognise the cookie I passed.\npdfkit.from_file: Use Request.get to get the html of the page I want to print, then use pdfkit to convert the html file to pdf. This works but the page format and images are all missing.\nSelenium: Use a webdriver to log in then navigate to the wanted page, call the windows.print function. This does not work because I can't pass any arguments to the window's SaveAs dialog.\n\nDoes anyone have any idea to get around?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":237,"Q_Id":40731567,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"log in using requests\nuse requests session mechanism to keep track of the cookie\nuse session to retrieve the HTML page\nparse the HTML (use beautifulsoup)\nidentify img tags and css links\ndownload locally the images and css documents\nrewrite the img src attributes to point to the locally downloaded images\nrewrite the css links to point to the locally downloaded css\nserialize the new HTML tree to a local .html file\nuse whatever \"HTML to PDF\" solution to render the local .html file","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,pdf,salesforce,pdfkit","A_Id":40732242,"CreationDate":"2016-11-21T23:53:00.000","Title":"Log into secured website, automatically print page as pdf","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am currently begining to use beautifulsoup to scrape websites, I think I got the basics even though I lack theoretical knowledge about webpages, I will do my best to formulate my question.\nWhat I mean with dynamical webpage is the following: a site whose HTML changes based on user action, in my case its collapsible tables.\nI want to obtain the data inside some \"div\" tag but when you load the page, the data seems unavalible in the html code, when you click on the table it expands, and the \"class\" of this \"div\" changes from something like \"something blabla collapsible\" to \"something blabla collapsible active\" and this I can scrape with my knowledge.\nCan I get this data using beautifulsoup? In case I can't, I thought of using something like selenium to click on all the tables and then download the html, which I could scrape, is there an easier way?\nThank you very much.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":278,"Q_Id":40732906,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It depends. If the data is already loaded when the page loads, then the data is available to scrape, it's just in a different element, or being hidden. If the click event triggers loading of the data in some way, then no, you will need Selenium or another headless browser to automate this.\nBeautiful soup is only an HTML parser, so whatever data you get by requesting the page is the only data that beautiful soup can access.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,html,selenium,beautifulsoup","A_Id":40733402,"CreationDate":"2016-11-22T02:35:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to scrape a \"dynamical webpage\" with beautifulsoup?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to make sure what is the fast in node to parse a url query value. For example, hello.org\/post.html?action=newthread&fid=32&fpage=1, if I want to get fid value, I have 3 choice:\n1 str.match(\/[?\/&]fid=(.*?)($|[&#])\/)\n2 req.query.fid in express, which I found is actually calling https:\/\/github.com\/ljharb\/qs\/blob\/master\/lib\/parse.js, which is I found is using str.split('&') in behind\n3 str.split('\/[&\/#?]\/') and then use for loop to determine which is start with fid\nI'm guessing 1st is the slowest, and the 2nd is the fast. But I don't know if it's correct (though I can make a test), but I do want to know some deep reason, thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":48,"Q_Id":40736600,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"1) regexp is advanced string operations. For every character encountered while parsing, it has to match with each token in the entire regexp string. The complexity is a non-linear function of the length of source and the length of the regexp string.\n2) whereas string tokenizer (split) on single char, the task is clearly cut out, as you sequentially traverse the source string, 'cut' and tokenize the word when encountered the pattern char, and move forward. The complexity is as good as order of n, where n is the number of chars in the string.\n3) is actually a variant of (2), but with more chars in the splitter. So in case if the first char matches, there is additional work involved to match the subsequent chars etc. So the complexity increases, and move towards regexp. The performance is still better than regexp, as the regexp require further interpretation of its own tokens.\nHope this helps.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,node.js","A_Id":40736699,"CreationDate":"2016-11-22T08:02:00.000","Title":"Comparing speed of regexp and split when parsing url query","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I'm trying to web crawl clothing websites to build a list of great deals\/products to look out for, but I notice that some of the websites that I try to load, don't. How are websites able to block selenium webdriver http requests? Do they look at the header or something. Can you give me a step by step of how selenium webdriver sends requests and how the server receives them\/ are able to block them?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7264,"Q_Id":40750049,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Selenium uses a real web browser (typically Firefox or Chrome) to make its requests, so the website probably has no idea that you're using Selenium behind the scenes.\nIf the website is blocking you, it's probably because of your usage patterns (i.e. you're clogging up their web server by making 1000 requests every minute.  That's rude.  Don't do that!)\nOne exception would be if you're using Selenium in \"headless\" mode with the HtmlUnitDriver.  The website can detect that.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,firefox,server,phantomjs","A_Id":40750148,"CreationDate":"2016-11-22T19:25:00.000","Title":"Some websites block selenium webdriver, how does this work?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I'm trying to web crawl clothing websites to build a list of great deals\/products to look out for, but I notice that some of the websites that I try to load, don't. How are websites able to block selenium webdriver http requests? Do they look at the header or something. Can you give me a step by step of how selenium webdriver sends requests and how the server receives them\/ are able to block them?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7264,"Q_Id":40750049,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's very likely that the website is blocking you due to your AWS IP.\nNot only that tells the website that somebody is likely programmatically scraping them, but most websites have a limited number of queries they will accept from any 1 IP address.\nYou most likely need a proxy service to pipe your requests through.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,firefox,server,phantomjs","A_Id":51425585,"CreationDate":"2016-11-22T19:25:00.000","Title":"Some websites block selenium webdriver, how does this work?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a server program in python which sends and receives data packets to and from android client. I am using TCP with sockets in android client to communicate with python program. \nEvery thing is working fine but when the server is shutdown with an NSF power failure it disconnected from client. \nMy Question is how I check for the availability of the server all the time using android services or any BroadcastReceiver or inside my MainActivity when socket closed or disconnected. \nI don't want to restart my client application again after server power failure.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":698,"Q_Id":40782240,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can send ping packets to check if the server is alive.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"java,android,python,sockets","A_Id":40782291,"CreationDate":"2016-11-24T09:18:00.000","Title":"How to reconnect with socket after server power failure from Android Client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Every time I open up Chrome driver in my python script, it says \"chromedriver.exe has stopped working\" and crashes my script with the error: [Errno 10054] An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host.\nI read the other forum posts on this error, but I'm very new to this and a lot of it was jargon that I didn't understand.  One said something about graceful termination, and one guy said \"running the request again\" solved his issue, but I have no idea how to do that.  Can someone explain to me in more detail how to fix this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":298,"Q_Id":40782641,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Fixed.  It was a compatibility error.  Just needed to downloaded the latest chrome driver version and it worked.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium-webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":40795935,"CreationDate":"2016-11-24T09:36:00.000","Title":"[Errno 10054], selenium chromedriver crashing each time","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to import an existing svg picture and add elements like circle and square on it. My file is 'test.svg' so i tryed dwg = svgwrite.Drawing('test.svg') but it create a new svg file without anything.\nI use the python lib svgwrite, do you have any idea for me?\nThank you, and sorry for my english... I do my best!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2288,"Q_Id":40793649,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"svgwrite will only create svg files. svgwrite does not read svg files. If you want to read, modify and then write the svg, the svgwrite package is not the package to use but I do not know of an appropriate package for you. \nIt might be possible to create svg which uses a reference to another image. That is there is one svg which you then put a second svg on top of the first. I have not done this and do not know if it would actually work.","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,svg,svgwrite","A_Id":41472623,"CreationDate":"2016-11-24T19:47:00.000","Title":"How to import an existing svg with svgwrite - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a use case where i want to invoke my lambda function whenever a object has been pushed in S3 and then push this notification to slack. \nI know this is vague but how can i start doing so ? How can i basically achieve this ? I need to see the structure","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1589,"Q_Id":40800757,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use S3 Event Notifications to trigger the lambda function.\nIn bucket's properties, create a new event notification for an event type of s3:ObjectCreated:Put and set the destination to a Lambda function.\nThen for the lambda function, write a code either in Python or NodeJS (or whatever you like) and parse the received event and send it to Slack webhook URL.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,lambda","A_Id":65574478,"CreationDate":"2016-11-25T08:40:00.000","Title":"How to write a AWS lambda function with S3 and Slack integration","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Front-end part\nI have an AJAX request which is trying to GET data from my back-end handle every second. \nIf there is any data, I get this data, add it to my HTML page (without reloading), and continue pulling data every second waiting for further changes.\nBack-end part\nI parse web-pages every minute with Celery. \nExtract data from them and pass it to an array (that is a trigger for AJAX request that there is new data).\nQuestion\nIt seems to me that there is another solution for this issue.\nI don't want to ask for data from JS to back-end. I want to pass data from back-end to JS, when there are any changes. But without page reload.\nHow can I do this?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1931,"Q_Id":40806743,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"try to use socketio, the backend create an event with data on socketio and your frontend receives the event and download the data \ni resolve a similar problem in this way. i call the backend only when a socketio event was create from the backend.\nyou must setup a socketio server with nodejs,somewhere","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":40806824,"CreationDate":"2016-11-25T14:02:00.000","Title":"Push data from backend (python) to JS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So, I am trying to import win32com.client and when I am running the script in Windows Server 2012 using python 3.5 I get the next error :\nimport win32api, sys, os\nImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.\nI've tried the next things:\n-Copied the pywintypes35.dll and pythoncom35.dll to Python35\\Lib\\site-packages\\win32 and win32com\n-Run the Python35\\Scripts\\pywin32_postinstall.py\n-Copied the file from step 1 into an virtualenv\nNone of this seems to work. It is a problem with python 3.5 in Windows Server 2012?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":589,"Q_Id":40822073,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You likely installed incompatible  versions like Python 32bit but win32com 64bit.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,windows-server-2012-r2,win32com","A_Id":40835895,"CreationDate":"2016-11-26T19:10:00.000","Title":"python win32com importing issue windows server 2012 r2","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This question has been asked a few times, but the remedy appears to complicated enough that I'm still searching for a user specific solution. I recently re-installed anaconda; now, after entering\n     \"pip install splinter\" \nin the Terminal on my Mac I get the response: \n    \"Requirement already satisfied: splinter in      \/usr\/local\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages\nRequirement already satisfied: selenium>=2.53.6 in \/usr\/local\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages (from splinter)\"\nBut, I get the following error in python (Anaconda) after entering import splinter\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"\", line 1, in \n    import splinter\nImportError: No module named splinter\"\nWhen I enter which python in the terminal, this is the output: \"\/usr\/local\/bin\/python\"\nI am editing the question here to add the solution: ~\/anaconda2\/bin\/pip install splinter","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5785,"Q_Id":40829645,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had the same issue, I uninstalled and reinstalled splinter many times but that didn't work. Then I typed source activate (name of my conda environment) and then did pip install splinter. It worked for me.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pip,splinter","A_Id":53305576,"CreationDate":"2016-11-27T13:44:00.000","Title":"Module not found in python after installing in terminal","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been trying to get this web scraping script working properly, and am not sure what to try next. Hoping someone here knows what I should do. \nI am using BS4 and the problem is whenever a URL takes a long time to load it skips over that URL (leaving an output file with fewer inputs in times of high page load times). I have been trying to add on a timer so that it only skips over the url if it doesn't load in x seconds. \nCan anyone point me in the right direction?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":243,"Q_Id":40857813,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try using multi threading or multiprocessing to spawn threads, i think it will spawn a thread for every request and it won't skip over the url if it's taking too long.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup,bs4","A_Id":40860108,"CreationDate":"2016-11-29T04:26:00.000","Title":"Python BS4 Scraping Script Timer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've made simple web-crawler with Python. So far everything it does it creates set of urls that should be visited, set of urls that was already visited. While parsing page it adds all the links on that page to the should be visited set and page url to the already visited set and so on while length of should_be_visited is > 0. So far it does everything in one thread.\nNow I want to add parallelism to this application, so I need to have same kind of set of links and few threads \/ processes, where each will pop one url from should_be_visited and update already_visited. I'm really lost at threading and multiprocessing, which I should use, do I need some Pools, Queues?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1352,"Q_Id":40894487,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"The rule of thumb when deciding whether to use threads in Python or not is to ask the question, whether the task that the threads will be doing, is that CPU intensive or I\/O intensive. If the answer is I\/O intensive, then you can go with threads. \nBecause of the GIL, the Python interpreter will run only one thread at a time. If a thread is doing some I\/O, it will block waiting for the data to become available (from the network connection or the disk, for example), and in the meanwhile the interpreter will context switch to another thread. On the other hand, if the thread is doing a CPU intensive task, the other threads will have to wait till the interpreter decides to run them.\nWeb crawling is mostly an I\/O oriented task, you need to make an HTTP connection, send a request, wait for response. Yes, after you get the response you need to spend some CPU to parse it, but besides that it is mostly I\/O work. So, I believe, threads are a suitable choice in this case.\n(And of course, respect the robots.txt, and don't storm the servers with too many requests :-)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,web-crawler,python-multithreading","A_Id":40894613,"CreationDate":"2016-11-30T17:23:00.000","Title":"Python threading or multiprocessing for web-crawler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Right, i have a bot that has 2 shards, each on their own server. I need a way to share data between the two, preferably as files, but im unsure how to achieve this.\n\nThe bot is completely python3.5 based\nThe servers are both running Headless Debian Jessie\nThe two servers arent connected via LAN, so this has to be sharing data over the internet\nThe data dosent need to be encrypted, as no sensitive data is shared","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":27,"Q_Id":40898087,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Probably the easiest to achive, that is also secure is to use sshfs between the servers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"debian,python-3.5,file-sharing","A_Id":40911268,"CreationDate":"2016-11-30T20:58:00.000","Title":"Share data between two scripts on different servers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web system where staff can log in with a username and password, then enter data. Is there a way to add the option for users to seamlessly log in just by swiping the card against an NFC scanner? The idea is to have multiple communal PCs people can walk up to and quickly authenticate. \nIt's important that the usual text login form works too for people using the site on PCs or phones without the NFC option.\nThe web client PCs with an NFC scanner could be linux or windows.\n(The web system is a bootstrap\/jquery site which gets supplied with JSON data from a python web.py backend. I'm able to modify the server and the client PCs.)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1332,"Q_Id":40927573,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The progress of log in: The user starts the browser and go to your website and instead of manually entering credentials he clicks on the \"log in via NFC.\" Server retains identification session from that IP and date (and maybe other info about client hardware for safe) to the database and \"expects\" NFC incoming data.\nOn the client PC \/ Phone you'll have to install your application\/service, which will be able to receive data from the NFC scanner (who usually works as a keyboard) and sends them to your server, eg. Via ASP.NET WebAPI or other REST ...\nThe server will accept data from the IP and find a record in database of that IP perform log in (+ a time limit? + checking client hardware for safe?). Then the server side you have confirmed logon and the user can proceed (you can redirect him to our secure site).\nNote. 1 The critical point is to pair the correct and safe Identification client browser and PC\/mobile application which reads NFC tags.\nNote. 2 You will need to select the appropriate NFC scanner, which will ideally have a standardized drivers built-in Win \/ Linux OS (otherwise you often solve the problem of missing \/ non-functional NFC drivers).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"jquery,python,json,linux,nfc","A_Id":40928045,"CreationDate":"2016-12-02T08:17:00.000","Title":"Optional NFC login to web based system","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to get pictures from photo type posts on Facebook. I am using Python. I tried to access post_id\/picture, but I keep getting:\nfacebook.GraphAPIError: (#12) picture edge for this type is deprecated for versions v2.3 and higher\nIs there any alternative to the picture edge in v2.8? The documentation still lists picture as an option.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":298,"Q_Id":40939604,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I faced a similar problem. Now to get the picture of a post you can call\n{post-id}?fields=picture,full_picture\nwhere picture returns the url of a thumbnail of the image, while full_picture returns the url of the real image.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook","A_Id":45242035,"CreationDate":"2016-12-02T19:28:00.000","Title":"Facebook API get picture from post","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Imagine you have two python processes, one server and one client, that interact with each other.\nBoth processes\/programs run on the same host and communicate via TCP, eg. by using the AMP protocol of the twisted framework.\nCould you think of an efficient and smart way how both python programs can authenticate each other?\nWhat I want to achieve is, that for instance the server only accepts a connection from an authentic client and where not allowed third party processes can connect to the server. \nI want to avoid things like public-key cryptography or SSL-connections because of the huge overhead.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":40964465,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you do not want to use SSL - there are a few options:\n\nClient must send some authentication token (you may call it password) to server as a one of the first bunch of data sent through the socket. This is the simplest way. Also this way is cross-platform.\nClient must send id of his process (OS-specific). Then server must make some system calls to determine path to executable file of this client process. If it is a valid path - client will be approved. For example valid path should be '\/bin\/my_client' or \"C:\\Program Files\\MyClient\\my_client.exe\" and if some another client (let's say with path '\/bin\/some_another_app' will try to communicate with your server - it will be rejected. But I think it is also overhead. Also implementation is OS-specific.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,authentication","A_Id":40964673,"CreationDate":"2016-12-04T22:28:00.000","Title":"Mutual authentication of python processes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am now studying and developing a CANopen client with a python stack and i'm struggling to find out how to communicate with a slave Modbus through a gateway.\nSince the gateway address is the one present in the Object Dictionary of the CANopen, and the Gateway has addresses of modbus Slaves I\/O, how to specify the address of the modbus input ?\nAs i can see it CANopen uses the node-ID to select the server and an address to select the property to read\/write, but in this case i need to go farther than that and point an input.\njust to be clear i'm in the \"studying\" phase i have no CANopen\/Modbus gateway in mind. \nRegards.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":339,"Q_Id":40974077,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This will be the gateway's business to fix. There is no general answer, nor is there a standard for how such gateways work. Gateways have some manner of software that allows you to map data between the two field buses. In this case I suppose it would be either a specific CANopen PDO or a specific CAN id that you map to a Modbus address. \nIn case you are just writing a CANopen client, neither you or the firmware  should need to worry about Modbus. Just make a CANopen node that is standard compliant and let the gateway deal with the actual protocol conversion. \nYou may however have to do the PDO mapping in order to let your client and the gateway know how to speak with each other, but that should preferably be a user-level configuration of the finished product, rather than some hard-coded mapping.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,modbus,can-bus,canopen","A_Id":41042839,"CreationDate":"2016-12-05T12:15:00.000","Title":"How does CANopen client communicate with Modbus slave through CANopen\/Modbus gateway ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have a back end that exposes 50-60 Rest APIs. These will largely be consumed by standalone applications like a Python script or a Java program.\nOne issue we have is the APIs are at a very granular level, they do not match the business use case. For example to perform a business use case end user might have to call 4 to 5 APIs.\nI want to develop a DSL or some solution that will help provide a high level abstraction that will enable end users to implement business use cases with ease. This can either be a standalone abstraction or a \"library\" for Python or or some much high level programming language.\nFor the specific purpose of combining multiple Rest API calls to create a business use case transaction, what are the approaches available.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":190,"Q_Id":40978516,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I think this is a nice idea. To determine what kind of solution you could build you should consider different aspects:\n\nWho would write these API combinations?\nWhat kind of tool support would be appropriate? I mean validation, syntax highlighting, autocompletion, typesystem checks, etc\nHow much time would make sense to invest on it?\n\nDepending on these answers you could consider different options. The simplest one is to build a DSL using ANTLR. You get a parser, then you build some program to process the AST and generate the code to call the APIs. Your user will just have to edit these programs in a text editor with not support. The benefit of this is that the cost of implementing this is reduced and your user could write these programs using a simple text editor.\nAlternatively you could use a Language Workbench like Xtext or Jetbrains MPS to build some specific editors for your language and provide a better editing experience to your users.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-services,rest,dsl,mps","A_Id":40981915,"CreationDate":"2016-12-05T16:11:00.000","Title":"Meta language for rest client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to AWS Lambda and pretty new to Python. \nI wanted to write a python lambda that uses the AWS API.\nboto is the most popular python module to do this so I wanted to include it.\nLooking at examples online I put import boto3 at the top of my Lambda and it just worked- I was able to use boto in my Lambda.\nHow does AWS know about boto? It's a community module. Are there a list of supported modules for Lambdas? Does AWS cache its own copy of community modules?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":70,"Q_Id":40981908,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"AWS Lambda's Python environment comes pre-installed with boto3. Any other libraries you want need to be part of the zip you upload. You can install them locally with pip install whatever -t mysrcfolder.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,aws-lambda","A_Id":40981986,"CreationDate":"2016-12-05T19:33:00.000","Title":"How does AWS know where my imports are?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am wondering if there is any way to wirelessly connect to a computer\/server using python's socket library. The dir(socket) brought up a lot of stuff and I wanted help sorting it out.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":102,"Q_Id":40987412,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"but one question. Is the socket server specific to python, or can\n  another language host and python connect or vise-versa?\n\nAs long as you are using sockets - you can connect to any socket-based server (made with any language). And vice-versa: any socket-based client will be able to connect to your server. Moreover it's cross-platform: socket-based client from any OS can connect to any socket-based server (from any OS).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,connect,wireless","A_Id":40987772,"CreationDate":"2016-12-06T03:38:00.000","Title":"How do I wirelessly connect to a computer using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Years ago for a masters project my friend took a bunch of data from an excel sheet and used them in a powerpoint graph. He told me he made the graph in excel then copied it into powerpoint. Now, when I hover over the graph I see the points associated to where my mouse hovers. My friend lost the original excel sheet and is asking me to help pull the data from the powerpoint graph and put it in an excel sheet. \nHow would I go about doing this? If theres away to get the points into a json file I can do the rest. I just know nothing about powerpoint graphs.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":150,"Q_Id":41044395,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Right click the chart, choose Edit Data.\nIf it's an embedded chart, the chart and its workbook will open in Excel.\nFrom there you can File | Save As and save your new Excel file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,excel,powerpoint","A_Id":41045163,"CreationDate":"2016-12-08T16:35:00.000","Title":"Take data points from my power point graph and put them into an excel sheet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know how to send email through Outlook\/Gmail using the Python SMTP library. However, I was wondering if it was possible to receive replys from those automated emails sent from Python.\nFor example, if I sent an automated email from Python (Outlook\/Gmail) and I wanted the user to be able to reply \"ok\" or \"quit\" to the automated email to either continue the script or kick off another job or something, how would I go about doing that in Python?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":308,"Q_Id":41107643,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"SMTP is only for sending. To receive (read) emails, you will need to use other protocols, such as POP3, IMAP4, etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email,outlook","A_Id":41108481,"CreationDate":"2016-12-12T18:57:00.000","Title":"Python SMTP Send Email and Receive Reply","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to make a usable tests for my package, but using Flask.test_client is so different from the requests API that I found it hard to use.\nI have tried to make requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter wrap the response, but it looks like werkzeug doesn't use httplib (or urllib for that matter) to build it own Response object.\nAny idea how it can be done? Reference to existing code will be the best (googling werkzeug + requests doesn't give any useful results)\nMany thanks!!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1360,"Q_Id":41108551,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"A PyPI package now exists for this so you can use pip install requests-flask-adapter.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,python-requests,werkzeug","A_Id":59821311,"CreationDate":"2016-12-12T19:57:00.000","Title":"requests-like wrapper for flask's test_client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently having trouble using requests. I use the import requests command yet I get the import error that says no module named 'requests'.\nTo install it I first installed SetupTools, then pip and finally used the pip install requests command. This didn't work so I ended up uninstalling and reinstalling (with pip3 and pip3.5 commands) yet it still doesn't work.\nI am using python 3.5 which is installed directly to my c:\\ drive.\nThank you in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":44,"Q_Id":41111623,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I resolved this issue by just reinstalling requests to the c: drive (which didn't fully solve it) and then just moving the requests folder to c:\\Lib which now works fine and allows me to import it properly.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,pip,python-requests,importerror","A_Id":41123054,"CreationDate":"2016-12-12T23:54:00.000","Title":"Resolution for Import Error when trying to import 'Requests'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have two servers (client-facing, and back-end database) between which we would like to transfer PDFs.  Here's the data flow:\n\nUser requests PDF from website.\nSite sends request to client-server.\nClient server requests PDF from back-end server (different IP).\nBack-end server sends PDF to client server.\nClient server sends PDF to website.\n\n1-3 and 5 are all good, but #4 is the issue.\nWe're currently using Flask requests for our API calls and can transfer text and .csv easily, but binary files such as PDF are not working.\nAnd no, I don't have any code, so take it easy on me.  Just looking for a suggestion from someone who may have come across this issue.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1341,"Q_Id":41154360,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I wanted to share my solution to this, but give credit to @CoolqB for the answer.  The key was including 'rb' to properly read the binary file and including the codecs library.  Here are the final code snippets:\n\nClient request:\nresponse = requests.get('https:\/\/www.mywebsite.com\/_api_call')\nServer response:\nf = codecs.open(file_name, 'rb').read()\n return f\nClient handle:\nwith codecs.open(file_to_write, 'w') as f:\n    f.write(response.content)\n    f.close()\n\nAnd all is right with the world.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,pdf","A_Id":41170783,"CreationDate":"2016-12-15T00:10:00.000","Title":"Transfer PDF files between servers in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"We have two servers (client-facing, and back-end database) between which we would like to transfer PDFs.  Here's the data flow:\n\nUser requests PDF from website.\nSite sends request to client-server.\nClient server requests PDF from back-end server (different IP).\nBack-end server sends PDF to client server.\nClient server sends PDF to website.\n\n1-3 and 5 are all good, but #4 is the issue.\nWe're currently using Flask requests for our API calls and can transfer text and .csv easily, but binary files such as PDF are not working.\nAnd no, I don't have any code, so take it easy on me.  Just looking for a suggestion from someone who may have come across this issue.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1341,"Q_Id":41154360,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As you said you have no code, that's fine, but I can only give a few suggestions.\nI'm not sure how you're sending your files, but I'm assuming that you're using pythons open function.\n\nMake sure you are reading the file as bytes (e.g. open('<pdf-file>','rb'))\nCut the file up into chunks and send it as one file, this way it doesn't freeze or get stuck.\nTry smaller PDF files, if this works definitely try suggestion #2.\nUse threads, you can multitask with them.\nHave a download server, this can save memory and potentially save bandwidth. Also it also lets you skip the PDF send back, from flask.\nDon't use PDF files if you don't have to.\nUse a library to do it for you.\n\nHope this helps!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,pdf","A_Id":41154455,"CreationDate":"2016-12-15T00:10:00.000","Title":"Transfer PDF files between servers in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"With Selenium Webdriver, I have to upload some files on a website but since the pop-up window for browsing the file location is handled by the operating system and not the browser, I cannot automate that part with Selenium.\nSo I want to know which framework or module I need to use to work with system windows of Windows OS. Can tkInter or wxPython be used for this?\nMy script will be used on Windows 7, 8 & 10.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":253,"Q_Id":41158067,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can call autoit3 framework from Python even to open the File Open dialog and fill in the values and press OK or do whatever with the windows. Autoit3 has a dll that can be loaded and called using ctypes. That's what I did in one or 2 projects.\nIf I understand your question correctly, wxpython or tk won't help you. They can be used to make the windowed UI, not to control other programs.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,tkinter,wxpython,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":41159150,"CreationDate":"2016-12-15T06:50:00.000","Title":"How do I handle the system windows with Python on Windows OS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been searching for a way to get my past ride invoice. Is there any api which i can use to get my rides info\/invoice. as i don't want to click on every ride and then. Just want to automate the boring stuff.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":106,"Q_Id":41163658,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"\"Does uber have an API which let user download invoice pdf?\" - No, that API does not exist.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,uber-api","A_Id":41212414,"CreationDate":"2016-12-15T11:59:00.000","Title":"Does uber have an API which let user download invoice pdf?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to get the direct download URL using youtube-dl?\nI tried it with youtube-dl -g https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xxx\nIt returns a URL that looks correct at the first sight, but it leads to a blank page that shows the video player. I want to extract the direct download URL like the example below.\nLink to player: https:\/\/r4---sn-fpoq-cgpl.googlevideo.com\/videoplayback?mime=video%2Fmp4&key=yt6&itag=22&lmt=1476010871066368&source=youtube&upn=4B17cM_dGEU&ei=cNdSWM7CKMjMigbzv62ADA&ip=151.45.98.20&requiressl=yes&initcwndbps=695000&ms=au&mt=1481824045&mv=m&sparams=dur%2Cei%2Cid%2Cinitcwndbps%2Cip%2Cipbits%2Citag%2Clmt%2Cmime%2Cmm%2Cmn%2Cms%2Cmv%2Cpl%2Cratebypass%2Crequiressl%2Csource%2Cupn%2Cexpire&id=o-AHTIR887C2uesvqaEJtgUJhaFssm050soDMhiXfgLQ1f&pl=16&mm=31&mn=sn-fpoq-cgpl&ipbits=0&dur=226.649&ratebypass=yes&expire=1481845712&signature=34BB16F2B7F758CA44680A778F46AC49EBCA3BE3.B0452B32B62D4AA133BA2F59E78EFD66FEA6298D\nDirect Link to file: https:\/\/r4---sn-cu-n1qs.googlevideo.com\/videoplayback?id=o-AFc2eS8nuL2DLN608O3_QxaAQWNDCeIRl9oGTvRo-fKM&ip=81.140.223.31&sparams=dur,ei,id,initcwndbps,ip,ipbits,itag,lmt,mime,mm,mn,ms,mv,pcm2,pcm2cms,pl,ratebypass,requiressl,source,upn,expire&ei=qdVSWOP7BIK7WaTrkdgM&dur=226.649&pl=25&initcwndbps=1175000&source=youtube&ratebypass=yes&pcm2cms=yes&requiressl=yes&pcm2=yes&expire=1481845257&key=yt6&mime=video\/mp4&ipbits=0&lmt=1476010871066368&itag=22&mv=m&mt=1481823436&ms=au&mn=sn-cu-n1qs&mm=31&upn=6EUZ1r48CCw&signature=9F514204B90A32936912E5134B58BD8200177AF1.5A5C8BAC42B32C62229D078F0B566890F7DA524B&&title=Bruno+Mars+-+24K+Magic+%5BOfficial+Video%5D\nIs there a way to do that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3296,"Q_Id":41171238,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I found an answer myself, I don't know why but to generate a download URL the only things to do is add the title at the end of the URL, so adding &title=Bruno+Mars+-+24K+Magic+%5BOfficial+Video%5D at the end of the first URL solved my problem.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"php,python,download,youtube,youtube-dl","A_Id":41175121,"CreationDate":"2016-12-15T18:44:00.000","Title":"youtube-dl get direct download url","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a spider that I am using to crawl a site. I only need javascript for one piece of my item.  So I scrape part of the site with scrapy then open the URL in selenium. While the URL is opening scrapy continues. How do I make scrapy to wait on my selenium logic to finish? \nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":505,"Q_Id":41185693,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.25 in settings.py,that the downloader should wait before downloading consecutive pages from the same website.\nAnother way you can use time.sleep()  for delaying spider to get response from selenium.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":46603023,"CreationDate":"2016-12-16T13:38:00.000","Title":"Scrapy and Selenium: Make scrapy wait for selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I am having a bit of a issue with the concepts behind Dataflow. Especially regarding the way the pipelines are supposed to be structured. \nI am trying to consume an external API that delivers an index XML file with links to separate XML files. Once I have the contents of all the XML files I need to split those up into separate PCollections so additional PTransforms can be done.\nIt is hard to wrap my head around the fact that the first xml file needs to be downloaded and read, before the product XML's can be downloaded and read. As the documentation states that a pipeline starts with a Source and ends with a Sink. \nSo my questions are:\n\nIs Dataflow even the right tool for this kind of task?\nIs a custom Source meant to incorporate this whole process, or is it supposed to be done in separate steps\/pipelines? \nIs it ok to handle this in a pipeline and let another pipeline read the files? \nHow would a high-level overview of this process look like?\n\nThings to note: I am using the Python SDK for this, but that probably isn't really relevant as this is more a architectural problem.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":614,"Q_Id":41212272,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Yes, this can absolutely be done. Right now, it's a little klutzy at the beginning, but upcoming work on a new primitive called SplittableDoFn should make this pattern much easier in the future.\n\nStart by using Create to make a dummy PCollection with a single element. \nProcess that PCollection with a DoFn that downloads the file, reads out the subfiles, and emits those.\n[Optional] At this point, you'll likely want work to proceed in parallel. To allow the system to easily parallelize, you'll want to do a semantically unnecessary GroupByKey followed by a ParDo to 'undo' the grouping. This materializes these filenames into temporary storage, allowing the system to have different workers process each element.\nProcess each subfile by reading its contents and emit into PCollections. If you want different file contents to be processed differently, use Partition to sort them into different PCollections.\nDo the relevant processing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,etl,google-cloud-dataflow","A_Id":41229251,"CreationDate":"2016-12-18T19:55:00.000","Title":"Google Cloud Dataflow consume external source","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a project mainly for a bit of fun.\nI set up a twitter account and wrote a python script to write tweets.\nInitially i hard-coded the twitter credentials for my app into my script (tweet.py)\nNow i want to share the project so i have removed my app's credentials from tweet.py and added them to a config file. I have added the config file to .gitignore.\nMy question is, if someone forks my project, can they somehow checkout an old version of tweet.py which has the credentials? If so, what steps can i take to cover myself in this case?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":36,"Q_Id":41219491,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, anyone can see the old files in version history in git-hub free version. If you want to make your project secure, you have to pay for private repository in github.\nIf you dont wana pay, follow what @Stijin suggested.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,git,twitter","A_Id":41219615,"CreationDate":"2016-12-19T09:31:00.000","Title":"Git security - private information in previous commits","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am a noob to web and mqtt programming, I am working on a python application that uses mqtt (via hivemq or rabbitmq broker) and also needs to implement http rest api for clients.\nI realized using python bottle framework is pretty easy to provide a simple http server, however both bottle and mqtt have their event loop, how do I combine these 2 event loop, I want to have a single threaded app to avoid complexity.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":544,"Q_Id":41254715,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'm not familiar with bottle but a quick look at the docs it doesn't look like there is any other way to start it's event loop apart from with the run() function.\nPaho provides a loop_start() which will kick off it's own background thread to run the MQTT network event loop.\nGiven there looks to be no way to run the bottle loop manually I would suggest calling loop_start() before run() and letting the app run on 2 separate threads as there is no way to combine them and you probably wouldn't want to anyway.\nThe only thing to be careful of will be if MQTT subscriptions update data that the REST service is sending out, but as long as are not streaming large volumes of data that is unlikely to be an issue.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rabbitmq,mqtt,bottle,hivemq","A_Id":41259154,"CreationDate":"2016-12-21T03:40:00.000","Title":"Using http and mqtt together in a single threaded python app","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Telegram BOT API has functions to send audio files and documents ,But can it play from an online sound streaming URL?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3630,"Q_Id":41285298,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It will just show preview of link and if it's an audio, an audio bar will be shown. so the answer is yes, but it will not start automatically and user should download and play it.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot,php-telegram-bot","A_Id":41792018,"CreationDate":"2016-12-22T14:23:00.000","Title":"Can the Telegram bot API play sound from an online audio streaming URL?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Telegram BOT API has functions to send audio files and documents ,But can it play from an online sound streaming URL?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3630,"Q_Id":41285298,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No, you can't with Telegram Bot APIs. \nYou must download the file and upload it on Telegram servers.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot,php-telegram-bot","A_Id":41324053,"CreationDate":"2016-12-22T14:23:00.000","Title":"Can the Telegram bot API play sound from an online audio streaming URL?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I'm opening google.com and doing a search in Chrome Selenium WebDriver, it redirects me to my local google domain, although the search string I'm using is \"google.com .....\" How can I remain on the \"com\" domain?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":202,"Q_Id":41296179,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Use this url - https:\/\/www.google.com\/ncr. This will not redirect to your location specific site.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,selenium,google-search,browser-automation","A_Id":41296329,"CreationDate":"2016-12-23T06:21:00.000","Title":"How can I avoid being redirected to a local google domain in Selenium Chrome?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know this question has been asked before but I've tried pretty much every solution listed on every question I can find, all to no avail.\nPip install lxml doesn't work, nor does easy_install lxml. I have downloaded and tried a handful of different versions of lxml: \nlxml-3.6.4-cp27-cp27m-win32 (WHL file)\nlxml-3.7.0-cp36-cp36m-win32 (WHL file)\nlxml-lxml-lxml-3.7.0-0-g826ca60.tar (GZ file)\nI have also downloaded, and extracted everything from, both libxml2 and libxslt. Now they are both sitting in their own unzipped folders.\nWhen I run the installations from the command line, it appears to be working for a few seconds but eventually just fails. It either fails with exit status 2 or failed building wheel for lxml or could not find function xmlCheckVersion in library libxml2. Is libxm12 installed?.....I think it's installed but I have no clue what an installed libxm12 should look like. I unzipped and extracted everything from the libxm12 download.\nI've also tried all the following commands from other SO posts, and each has failed:\nsudo apt-get install python-lxml\napt-get install python-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev\npip install --upgrade lxml\npip3 install lxml\nI have also looked up and attempted installing \"prebuilt binaries\" but those also don't seem to work.......\nI don't want this post to just be me complaining that it wouldn't work so my question is: what is the simplest most straightforward way to put lxml onto my computer so I can use it in Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1539,"Q_Id":41304621,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Install missing dependency sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pip,lxml","A_Id":45203932,"CreationDate":"2016-12-23T16:12:00.000","Title":"Can't install lxml module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Everytime I use pip command the command failed with error: \"ImportError: No module named 'urllib3'\".\nI do got urllib3 installed, and when I'm trying to install urllib3 again I got the same error. What can I do?\nI'm using windows 10.\nI cant run \"pip install virtualenv\", I got the same error with any pip command.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6193,"Q_Id":41305432,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"May be worth double checking your PYTHONPATH Environment Variable in:\nControl Panel\\System and Security\\System -> Advanced System Settings -> Environment Variables.\nI had a rogue copy of Python that caused this exact error","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"windows,python-2.7,python-3.x,pip,urllib3","A_Id":42188924,"CreationDate":"2016-12-23T17:16:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named 'urllib3'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Everytime I use pip command the command failed with error: \"ImportError: No module named 'urllib3'\".\nI do got urllib3 installed, and when I'm trying to install urllib3 again I got the same error. What can I do?\nI'm using windows 10.\nI cant run \"pip install virtualenv\", I got the same error with any pip command.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6193,"Q_Id":41305432,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For escaping this error try to install virtualenv through \"pip install virtualenv\" and create the virtual environment directory using \"python3 -m venv myvenv\" which will create a myvenv named folder now activate the myvenv folder using \"source \\myvenv\\bin\\activate\" now you have your virtual environment setup now you can install whatever you want under the venv , which will not conflict with your base os installed programs try some googling to explore pic virtualenv setup and use. happy coding :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"windows,python-2.7,python-3.x,pip,urllib3","A_Id":41306324,"CreationDate":"2016-12-23T17:16:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named 'urllib3'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently working on a test application involving a server and several client. The communication is achieved through the use of the TCP\/IP protocol.\nThe server has several slots available. When a client connects, this one is affected to a slot. Is there a reliable way to identify if a disconnected client has reconnected? \nI would like to reassign the disconnected client to its previous slot.\nI do not really ask for code, but just clues that could help me to solve this problem.\nThanks for your answers. \nEdit\nWorking with MAC addresses should do it, login\/pass, or pass-phrases.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":55,"Q_Id":41310818,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Working with MAC addresses should do it, login\/pass, or pass-phrases. \u2013 Papipone","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,sockets","A_Id":54252278,"CreationDate":"2016-12-24T06:10:00.000","Title":"Python3 knwowing if a disconnected client has reconnected","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using eclipse program to run selenium python, but there is an issue that when I run over 1000 TCs in one times, only 1000 first TC have test result. If I separate these TCs to many parts with each part is less than 1000 TC, the test result is received completely. I think the issue is not from coding, how can I fix this ? :(","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":40,"Q_Id":41357580,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"which unit test framework you are using, and why you are running from eclipse, i mean it's good for testing but eventually you will have to integrate that with Jenkins or other software so can you try running from command line and see what's happening. \nby the way, what error you are getting?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,eclipse,selenium,automated-tests","A_Id":41359710,"CreationDate":"2016-12-28T07:43:00.000","Title":"Cannot get test result if running over 1000 Test cases in selenium python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to send bulk SMS on WhatsApp without creating broadcast list.\nFor that reason, I found pywhatsapp package in python but it requires WhatsApp client registration through yowsup-cli.\nSo I've run yowsup-cli registration -r sms -C 00 -p 000000000000 which resulted in the error below:\n\nINFO:yowsup.common.http.warequest:{\"status\":\"fail\",\"reason\":\"old_version\"}\nstatus: fail reason: old_version\n\nWhat did I do wrong and how can I resolve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1399,"Q_Id":41364998,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The error you get clearly points out the nature of the challenge you are facing: it has to do with your version of yowsup-cli; it's an old version.\nIt means that your project requires a version of yowsup-cli higher than what you currently have so as to work effectively as require.\nWhat you need to do so as to resolve it is: to update your yowsup-cli application to a more recent version.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,whatsapp","A_Id":41365717,"CreationDate":"2016-12-28T15:25:00.000","Title":"How to send bulk sms on whatsapp","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to send bulk SMS on WhatsApp without creating broadcast list.\nFor that reason, I found pywhatsapp package in python but it requires WhatsApp client registration through yowsup-cli.\nSo I've run yowsup-cli registration -r sms -C 00 -p 000000000000 which resulted in the error below:\n\nINFO:yowsup.common.http.warequest:{\"status\":\"fail\",\"reason\":\"old_version\"}\nstatus: fail reason: old_version\n\nWhat did I do wrong and how can I resolve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1399,"Q_Id":41364998,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The problem is with the http headers that are sent to whatsapp servers, these are found in env\/env.py\nThe name of headers are manually provided, therefore due to new updates whatsapp servers only serve or authenticate to updated devices which is identified with their http\/https\/etc headers, in this case you need to update some constants in the above file(env\/env.py) in your yowsup folder.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,whatsapp","A_Id":41424293,"CreationDate":"2016-12-28T15:25:00.000","Title":"How to send bulk sms on whatsapp","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering, I'm interested in using the Python Yahoo Finance API on my website, I'm using iPage as my webhost, how can I install APIs there, I just today found out how can I code the website using python","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":604,"Q_Id":41365358,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You will need to copy the scripts to your \/cgi-bin\/ directory. \nYou can find further reference in your iPage Control Panel, under \"Additional Resources\/CGI and Scripted Language Support\". Then look for \"Server Side Includes and CGI\", and you will find the supported Python version and  other relevant directory paths for your setup.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api","A_Id":41819998,"CreationDate":"2016-12-28T15:47:00.000","Title":"Using Python APIs on ipage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What I want to achieve is :\ntasks = [call(url) for url in urls]\ncall is an async method \/ coroutine in Python3.5 to perform GET requests , let's say aiohttp.\nSo basically all calls to call are async. Now I can run asyncio.wait(tasks) and later access the result in futures one by one.\nBUT, what I want is, lets assume there are 2 url only, then :\na, b = call(url1), call(url2)\nSomething like how you do it in Koa by yielding an array. Any help how to do this if it can be done ??","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":41485507,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"var1, var2 = loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(task1, task2))\nAccording to the docs, gather retains the order of the sequence it was passed","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,asynchronous,concurrency,python-asyncio","A_Id":41502152,"CreationDate":"2017-01-05T12:46:00.000","Title":"Set result of 2 or more Async HTTP calls into named variables","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im running python code solution (automation) in linux\nAs part of the test im calling different api (rest) and connecting to my sql db.\nI'm running the solution 24\/7 \nThe soultion does\n\nCall api with wget\nEvery 1 min samples the db with query for 60 min max\nCall api again with wget\nEvery 1 min samples dc for 10 mins max.\n\nThis scenario runs 24\/7\nProblem is that after 1 hr\/ 2hr (inconsistency-can happen after 45 mins for instance) the solution exit with error\n\nTemporary failutre in name resolution.\n\nIt can happen even after 2 perfect cycle as I described above.\nAfter this failure I'm trying to call with wget tens of times and ends with the same error.\nAfter some time it covered by it self.\nWant to mention that when it fails with wget on linux,\nIm able to call the api via POSTMAN via windows with no problem.\nThe api calls are for our system (located in aws) and im using dns of our elb..\nWhat could be the oroblem for this inconsistency?\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5012,"Q_Id":41500455,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is tricky not knowing with which options you are calling wget and no log output, but since it seems to be a dns issue I would explicitly pass the --dns-servers=your.most.reliable.server to wget.  If it persists I would also pass --append-output=logfile and examine logfile for further clues.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,api,wget","A_Id":41500665,"CreationDate":"2017-01-06T06:49:00.000","Title":"Temporary failure in name resolution -wget in linux","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Im running python code solution (automation) in linux\nAs part of the test im calling different api (rest) and connecting to my sql db.\nI'm running the solution 24\/7 \nThe soultion does\n\nCall api with wget\nEvery 1 min samples the db with query for 60 min max\nCall api again with wget\nEvery 1 min samples dc for 10 mins max.\n\nThis scenario runs 24\/7\nProblem is that after 1 hr\/ 2hr (inconsistency-can happen after 45 mins for instance) the solution exit with error\n\nTemporary failutre in name resolution.\n\nIt can happen even after 2 perfect cycle as I described above.\nAfter this failure I'm trying to call with wget tens of times and ends with the same error.\nAfter some time it covered by it self.\nWant to mention that when it fails with wget on linux,\nIm able to call the api via POSTMAN via windows with no problem.\nThe api calls are for our system (located in aws) and im using dns of our elb..\nWhat could be the oroblem for this inconsistency?\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5012,"Q_Id":41500455,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can ignore the fail:\nwget http:\/host\/download 2>\/dev\/null","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,linux,api,wget","A_Id":62781058,"CreationDate":"2017-01-06T06:49:00.000","Title":"Temporary failure in name resolution -wget in linux","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to offload some code to AWS Lambda that grabs a part of a screenshot of a URL and stores that in S3.  It uses chromium-browser which in turn needs to run in xvfb on Ubuntu.  I believe I can just download the Linux 64-bit version of chromium-browser and zip that up with my app.  I'm not sure if I can do that with xvfb.  Currently I use apt-get install xvfb, but I don't think you can do this in AWS Lambda?\nIs there any way to use or install xvfb on AWS Lambda?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2074,"Q_Id":41509856,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, this breaks the lambda paradigm of having a fully built container ready to go.\nAlso, anything you'd do with xvfb is probably going to be slow.  As a general rule lambdas should execute in under a second, otherwise you should just have a server.\nI would recommend creating a docker container and making an auto-scaling group.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,aws-lambda","A_Id":41510034,"CreationDate":"2017-01-06T16:25:00.000","Title":"Can I use xvfb with AWS Lambda?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My goal is to have remote control of a device on a WLAN.  This device has software that enables me to configure this wireless network (IP, mask, gateway, dns).  I can successfully connect this device, and my computer to a common network.  Since both machines share the same network, I made the assumption that I would be able to open up a socket between them.  Knowing the IP and port of the device that I am attempting to control remotely I used the following code, only to receive a timeout:\nimport socket\ns = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\ns.connect(('192.168.xxx.xxx', XXXX))\n(I am using python 2.7 on mac OS 10.11.6)\nThe network that I am connected to is on a different subnet that the IP that I assigned to my device.  I also tried this having an IP on the same subnet as my network.  There could be a number of things keeping me from opening a socket.  That's not really what I'm after.  The heart of my question is whether or not I can use python's 'socket' module to connect to a device wirelessly.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2085,"Q_Id":41516828,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes you can.\nSo you get a timeout when you try to connect to a wireless device. There are several steps you can take in order to troubleshoot this.\nMake sure your device has a program running that is listening to the port you want to connect to. Identify if the device can answer ICMP packets in general and can be pinged in particular. Try to ping the device. If ping succeeds, it means that basic connectivity is established and the problem is somewhere higher in the OSI stack. \n- I can ping the device - great, it means that the problem is somewhere in TCP or Application Layer of the TCP\/IP stack. Make sure the computer, the device, and intermediate networking equipment allow for TCP connections to the particular host and port. Then proceed to your application and the device software. Add some code to the question, post the stack trace you get or ask another one on SO.\n- I can't ping the device - great. There's no connectivity between the devices and you're to identify the reason. \nI) Draw a network diagram. How many intermediate network devices are placed in between the computer and the device? What are they, routers, switches? (Just in case, home grade wifi modem is a router.) Get an idea of how IP datagrams should travel across the net.\nII) You said that the device can be used to configure an IP network. At least for troubleshooting purposes I would ignore this option and rely on a static IP or your router's DHCP server. Using an existing DHCP will ensure there's no IP misconfigurations.\nIII) Review routing tables of all the devices you have. Do they have an appropriate default gateway? Does a router knows how to pass the packets to the device. You're probably in trouble if the computer and the device are in the same subnet but attached to different network interfaces. Split the network in two subnets if needed and set up static routes between them on the router.\nYou can also use wireshark to see if data you send leaves the computer or is dropped right there by some nasty firewall.\nThere's a lot of caveats in getting a LAN working. You may want to ask questions on networking.stackexchange if these simple steps doesn't help you or if you have major troubles following them. Or just leave a comment here, I'd be happy to help.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,wireless,ethernet","A_Id":41569946,"CreationDate":"2017-01-07T01:20:00.000","Title":"can I use python's 'socket' module to connect to a wireless ethernet host?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Ok,  so I've looked around on how to do this and haven't really found an answer that showed me examples that I could work from. \nWhat I'm trying to do is have a script that can do things like:\n-Log into website\n-Fill out forms or boxes etc.\nSomething simple that might help me in that I though of would be for example if I could write a script that would let me log into one if those text message websites like textnow or something like that,  and then fill out a text message and send it to myself.  \nIf anyone knows a good place that explains how to do something like this,  or if anyone would be kind enough to give some guidance of their own then that would be greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":58,"Q_Id":41528141,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"So after some good answers and further research,  I have found that selenium is the thing that best suits my needs.  It works not only with python,  but supports other languages as well. If anyone else is looking for something that I had been when I asked the my question, a quick Google search for \"selenium\" should give them all the information they need about the tool that I found best for what I needed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,python-3.x,web","A_Id":44302397,"CreationDate":"2017-01-08T00:26:00.000","Title":"How to have python interact automatically with a web site","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When trying to use the BMCS Python SDK, I get an SSL\/TLS exception. Why?\nException:\n[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":177,"Q_Id":41528570,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Bare Metal Cloud Services requires TLS 1.2 connections. Your version of OpenSSL is probably too old and does not support TLS 1.2. Please upgrade your version of OpenSSL and try again.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"oracle-cloud-infrastructure,oci-python-sdk","A_Id":41528571,"CreationDate":"2017-01-08T01:40:00.000","Title":"Bare Metal Cloud - Python SDK SSL\/TLS exception","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm visiting an unknown and possibly malicious website. Lots of them. Python's requests do not run javascript. Can I get infected? Should I consider using a virtual machine?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1043,"Q_Id":41533444,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No, merely downloading HTTP data won't install a virus.\nA virus needs to be activated too, and requests doesn't do anything with the downloaded data for that to happen. Normally, a virus uses bugs in the browser (or more commonly, a plugin in the browser) to trigger code execution, or by tricking the user into executing the downloaded file. For example, bugs in the Flash player executing a Flash file could be used to run arbitrary code, or the user is tricked into believing they downloaded a document but it is really an executable program.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,security,python-requests,virus","A_Id":41533461,"CreationDate":"2017-01-08T13:55:00.000","Title":"Can I get a virus by visiting an unknown website using python's requests package?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an interesting problem where we need to document all the URLs that our massive Python project calls. It's not feasible to manually go through the code because it's too large and changes often.\nIdeally, what I'd like is a piece of script that given a Python project folder can go through all the files in it and find where requests or urllib modules make calls and list the accompanying URL.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":42,"Q_Id":41545979,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think what you could do instead is to wrap requests or urllib modules with a wrapper that logs URLs your app is connecting and then just call real urllib or requests modules functions. So whenever you call import requests you actually import your wrapper.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":41546162,"CreationDate":"2017-01-09T10:32:00.000","Title":"List all urls called by requests\/urllib in python project","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I install chromedriver through my package.json file and it gets installed in my npm_modules folder. Then I add it to the PATH of executables, when running through terminal tests are passing.\nWhen running the same command in pycharm, says that it cannot find the executable:\nWebDriverException: Message: 'chromedriver' executable needs to be in PATH.\nIm guessing that I have to set it up in a specific way in pycharm.\nThanks","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8419,"Q_Id":41559294,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can specific custom PATH variable for chromedriver to PyCharm debug configuration environment variables.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,pycharm,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":56002173,"CreationDate":"2017-01-10T00:25:00.000","Title":"Pycharm not finding executable for chromedriver for selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I look after many links to find how can I define my proprietary header in webpy. Can you help me, please. I need to define my own http header like (\"X-UploadedFile\") and then use it with web.input()","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":253,"Q_Id":41566222,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Headers aren't part of web.input(), they're part of the \"environment\".\nYou can add headers, to be sent to your client using web.header('My-Header', 'header-value').\nYou can read headers sent by your client using: web.ctx.env.get('MY_HEADER') (Note all-caps, and use of underline rather than dash).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web.py","A_Id":41726066,"CreationDate":"2017-01-10T10:08:00.000","Title":"Define own header in webpy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have been working on developing a Rally API using python with the help of links pointed by Rally help (Pyral). My code connects well with the Rally server and pulls specific user story I want, but not the columns I am interested in. I am aiming to pull [full] specific reports with fields such as project, tags, etc. under the 'Reports' tab. I tried to find out how can I do it but didn't get direction. Also, the specific user stories I am able to pull include some weird fields like c_name, c_offer and the like. I would really appreciate if someone could help me through this. Like to connect to a specific project\/workspace in Rally we have the following code where it asks the details in the manner below:\nrally = Rally(server='', apikey='',workspace='',project='')\nIs there any way to specify what report\/columns I want?\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":346,"Q_Id":41573669,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Most of the reports on the Reports tab are rendered by a separate Analytics 1 service outside of the standard WSAPI you've been communicating with.  Some of that data is available in WSAPI -IterationCumulativeFlowData, ReleaseCumulativeFlowData.  What data specifically are you looking for?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-2.7,rally,code-rally,pyral","A_Id":41579286,"CreationDate":"2017-01-10T16:31:00.000","Title":"How to connect Rally API (python) to the specific reports under 'Report' section","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have recorded some Selenium Scripts using the Selenium IDE Firefox add-on.\nI'd like to add these to the unit test cases for my Django project. Is it possible to somehow turn these into a Python unit test case?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":81,"Q_Id":41603576,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you are recording scripts in Python formatting, those are already converted to unit test cases. Save each scripts and run them in batch mode.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,selenium,selenium-webdriver,selenium-ide","A_Id":41607809,"CreationDate":"2017-01-12T01:15:00.000","Title":"Using Selenium Scripts in a Python unit test","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"EDIT Removed BOTO from question title as it's not needed.\nIs there a way to find the security groups of an EC2 instance using Python and possible Boto?\nI can only find docs about creating or removing security groups, but I want to trace which security groups have been added to my current EC2 instance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":842,"Q_Id":41620292,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can check it from that instance and execute below command \ncurl http:\/\/169.254.169.254\/latest\/meta-data\/security-groups \nor from aws-cli also\naws ec2 describe-security-groups","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2","A_Id":41620629,"CreationDate":"2017-01-12T18:21:00.000","Title":"How do I list Security Groups of current Instance in AWS EC2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I read the following on python-requests website: \n\nNote that connections are only released back to the pool for reuse once all body data has been read; be sure to either set stream to False or read the content property of the Response object.\n\nBut as I use the object returned by req.json() and doesn't use req thereafter. I wonder when is the connection released? I don't really know how to check that for sure too.\nMany thanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":59,"Q_Id":41634436,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You could answer your question quite simpply by reading the source code. But anyway: response.json() does read the response's content, obviously - it's just a convenient shortcut for json.loads(response.content).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,python-requests","A_Id":41634715,"CreationDate":"2017-01-13T12:14:00.000","Title":"In requests-python, when is connection released when using req_json = req.json()?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a small Cassandra cluster hosted on AWS that I want to connect to using the python drivers. Unfortunately I get \"Keyspace does not exist\" when trying to connect to it from one specific pc. The strange thing is that keyspace exists and I can connect to itfrom other pcs. And I can find that keyspace on that server in cqlsh. How do I fix this error? I've looked into the cassandra version, 3.7.1 which should work fine with my updated python driver. The error is reliably repeatable on that pc. And I can reliably connect to that keyspace on other pcs.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2129,"Q_Id":41642612,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Check if the query from your python driver is using upper case letters for the keyspace name - change it to lower case","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,cassandra","A_Id":43731632,"CreationDate":"2017-01-13T20:03:00.000","Title":"Cassandra cluster returns incorrect error \"Keyspace does not exist\" when connecting from one specific pc","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wrote a python script to download some files from an s3 bucket. The script works just fine on one machine, but breaks on another. \nHere is the exception I get: botocore.exceptions.ClientError: An error occurred (403) when calling the HeadObject operation: Forbidden.\nI am pretty sure it's related to some system configurations, or something related to the registry, but don't know what exactly. Both machines are running Windows 7 and python 3.5.\nAny suggestions.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8191,"Q_Id":41646514,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"The issue was actually being caused by the system time being incorrect. I fixed the system time and the problem is fixed.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,windows,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto3","A_Id":41682857,"CreationDate":"2017-01-14T03:29:00.000","Title":"Trying to access a s3 bucket using boto3, but getting 403","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using the telepot python library, I know that you can send a message when you have someone's UserID(Which is a number).\nI wanna know if it is possible to send a message to someone without having their UserID but only with their username(The one which starts with '@'), Also if there is a way to convert a username to a UserID.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":131355,"Q_Id":41664810,"Users Score":73,"Answer":"Post one message from User to the Bot.\nOpen https:\/\/api.telegram.org\/bot<Bot_token>\/getUpdates page.\nFind this message and navigate to the result->message->chat->id key.\nUse this ID as the [chat_id] parameter to send personal messages to the User.","Q_Score":39,"Tags":"visual-studio-code,python,telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":50736131,"CreationDate":"2017-01-15T18:38:00.000","Title":"How can I send a message to someone with my telegram bot using their Username","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using the telepot python library, I know that you can send a message when you have someone's UserID(Which is a number).\nI wanna know if it is possible to send a message to someone without having their UserID but only with their username(The one which starts with '@'), Also if there is a way to convert a username to a UserID.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":131355,"Q_Id":41664810,"Users Score":14,"Answer":"It is only possible to send messages to users whom have already used \/start on your bot. When they start your bot, you can find update.message.from.user_id straight from the message they sent \/start with, and you can find update.message.from.username using the same method.\nIn order to send a message to \"@Username\", you will need them to start your bot, and then store the username with the user_id. Then, you can input the username to find the correct user_id each time you want to send them a message.","Q_Score":39,"Tags":"visual-studio-code,python,telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":42990824,"CreationDate":"2017-01-15T18:38:00.000","Title":"How can I send a message to someone with my telegram bot using their Username","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been breaking my head for the pass 2 weeks, and I still can't figure it out.\nI'm trying to build a Server-Client based streaming player on Python (Ironpython for the wpf GUI) that streams video files. My problem is when the client requests to seek on a part that he did not load yet. When I try to send him just the middle of the .mp4 file, he cant seem to be able to play it.\nNow I know such thing exists because every online player has it, and it uses the HTTP 206 Partial Content request, where the client just requests the byte range that he desires and the server sends it to him.\nMy question is - how is the client able to play the video with a gap in bytes in his .mp4 file - how can he start watching for the middle of the file? When i seem to try it the player just wont open the file.\nAnd more importantly: how can I implement this on my Server-Client program to enable free seeking?\nI really tried to look for a simple explanation for this all over the internet...\nPlease explain it thoroughly and in simple terms for a novice such as me, I would highly appreciate it.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1969,"Q_Id":41666809,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Before playing an MP4 file the client (e.g. browser) needs to read the header part of the file. An MP4 is broken into 'Atoms' and the Moov atom is the header or index atom for the file.\nFor MP4 files that will be streamed, a common optimisation is to move this Moov atom to the front of the file.\nThis allows the client to get the moov at the start and it will then have the information it needs to allow you jump to the offset you want in your case.\nIf you don't have the moov atom at the start the client needs to either download the whole file, or if it is a bit more sophisticated, jump around the file with range requests until it finds it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,video,video-streaming,httprequest,buffering","A_Id":41672032,"CreationDate":"2017-01-15T22:01:00.000","Title":"How does HTTP 206 Partial Content Request works","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using python to develop SDN\nI also wrote a virtual network function just like DHCP,NAT,Firewall,QoS\nBut I want to get computer's hostname from IP like 192.168.2.XXX\nI try to use arp but it only can find IP and MAC address in packets.\nSo how should I get hostname from specific IP?\nShould I try this in DHCP or NAT?\nThanks a lot !!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1035,"Q_Id":41671972,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try socket.gethostbyaddr() from the module socket","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,hostname,nat,dhcp,sdn","A_Id":41672160,"CreationDate":"2017-01-16T08:15:00.000","Title":"How to get hostname from IP?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a graph created in zabbix. I want to update this graph to include items from other hosts. For that I am calling graph.update() zabbix API using a python script. The method is updating the graph item instead of adding\/appending to the existing graph item list. Does any one has idea about this ?\ngraph.update(graphid=graph_id,gitems=[{\"itemid\" :\"10735\", \"color\":\"26265b\"}])\nwhere graph_id is and id of existing graph.\nThanks in advance!!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":601,"Q_Id":41694723,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Get the existing graph items with graph.get first, then update the graph and pass all the existing items (include gitemid for these items) with your new items added.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api,graph,zabbix","A_Id":41695124,"CreationDate":"2017-01-17T10:30:00.000","Title":"add graph items to existing graph in zabbix using API's","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to give rest call to java API using python. \nJava API needs JSON input with java literals like {a:null,b:true,c:false},\nWhile parsing the JSON from python it is not allowing to do so because python needs null,true and false to be inside double quotes like \"null\",\"true\",\"false\".\nwhat is the solution?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52,"Q_Id":41756756,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"while passing json to java api from python replace null with None ,true with True and false with False. It will work","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,json","A_Id":41764528,"CreationDate":"2017-01-20T05:33:00.000","Title":"How to pass java literals from python dictionary","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to give rest call to java API using python. \nJava API needs JSON input with java literals like {a:null,b:true,c:false},\nWhile parsing the JSON from python it is not allowing to do so because python needs null,true and false to be inside double quotes like \"null\",\"true\",\"false\".\nwhat is the solution?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":52,"Q_Id":41756756,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The JSON syntax expects values to be quoted.\nIt means that the problem comes from the java JSON api.\nWhat API do you use ?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,json","A_Id":41756812,"CreationDate":"2017-01-20T05:33:00.000","Title":"How to pass java literals from python dictionary","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been trying to use the python websocket-client module to receive and store continuous updates from an exchange. Generally, the script will run smoothly for a day or so before raising the following error: websocket._exceptions.WebSocketConnectionClosedException: Connection is already closed.\nI've looked at the websocket-client source code and apparently the error is being raised in line 92 by the code if not bytes_:. Furthermore, the WebSocketConnectionClosedException is supposed to be raised \"If remote host closed the connection or some network error happened\".\nCan anybody tell me why this is happening, and what I could do to stop or handle it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7326,"Q_Id":41785893,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Most likely, the remote host closed the connection. You cannot stop it. You can handle it by re-connecting.\nPeople running web servers will implement automatic cleanup to get rid of potentially stale connections. Closing a connection that's been open for 24 hours sounds like a sensible approach. And there's no harm done, because if the client is still interested, it can re-establish the connection. That's also useful to re-authenticate the client, if authentication is required.\nOn second thought, it might be a network disconnect as well. Some DSL providers used to disconnect and re-assign a new IP every 24 hours, to prevent users from running permanent services on temporarily assigned IP addresses. Don't know if they still do that.","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,websocket","A_Id":56409252,"CreationDate":"2017-01-21T23:59:00.000","Title":"\"Connection is already closed.\" error with python WebSocket client","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Case: \nThere is a large zip file in an S3 bucket which contains a large number of images. Is there a way without downloading the whole file to read the metadata or something to know how many files are inside the zip file?\nWhen the file is local, in python i can just open it as a zipfile() and then I call the namelist() method which returns a list of all the files inside, and I can count that. However not sure how to do this when the file resides in S3 without having to download it. Also if this is possible with Lambda would be best.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0399786803,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3417,"Q_Id":41789176,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"As of now, you cannot get such information without downloading the zip file. You can store the required information as the metadata for a zip file when uploading to s3. \nAs you have mentioned in your question, using the python functions we are able to get the file list without extracting. You can use the same approach to get the file counts and add as metadata to a particular file and then upload it to S3.\nHope this helps, Thanks","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto","A_Id":41790354,"CreationDate":"2017-01-22T09:10:00.000","Title":"How to count files inside zip in AWS S3 without downloading it?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have been having this error when trying to make web requests to various hosts. After debugging a bit I have found the solution is updating the requests[security] through pip.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":30212,"Q_Id":41832838,"Users Score":20,"Answer":"Run \nsudo python3 -m pip install \"requests[security]\"\nor\nsudo python -m pip install \"requests[security]\"\nto fix this issue.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,pip,python-requests","A_Id":41832839,"CreationDate":"2017-01-24T16:06:00.000","Title":"Python Error 104, connection reset by peer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have some employee data in which there are 3 different roles. Let's say CEO, Manager and Developer. \nCEO can access the whole graph, managers can only access data of some people (their team) and developers can not access employee data.\nHow should I assign subgraph access to user roles and implement this using Python?\nThere are good solutions and comprehensive libraries and documentations but only in Java!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":304,"Q_Id":41850411,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"At the moment it is not possible to write procedures for custom roles to implement subgraph access control using Python. It is only possible in Java.\nA workaround might be to indirektly implement it using phyton by adding properties to nodes and relationship storing the security levels for these nodes and relationships. Checking the secutiry level of a user it might be possible to use a phyton visualization that checks the properties to only display nodes and relationships that are in agreement with the user security level.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,neo4j,authorization,graph-databases,py2neo","A_Id":42622083,"CreationDate":"2017-01-25T11:25:00.000","Title":"Authorization (subgraph access control) in Neo4j with python driver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using selenium on python 3.5 with chrome webdriver on a ububtu vps, and when I run a very basic script (navigate to site, enter login fields, click), memory usage goes up by ~400mb,and cpu usage goes up to 100%. Are there any things I can do to lower this, or if not, are there any alternatives?\nI'm testing out selenium in python but I plan to do a project with it in java, where memory usage is a critical factor for me, so the same question applies for java as well.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7993,"Q_Id":41918828,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Don't forget drive.close() in your code , if you don't close your driver, you will have a lot instance of Chrome.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"java,python-3.x,selenium,memory-management","A_Id":44546508,"CreationDate":"2017-01-29T08:02:00.000","Title":"Selenium using too much memory","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to know if this is possible at all. So far it doesn't look that great. Let's imagine I wanted to list all my current Google Authenticator passwords somewhere. That list would update once there's a new set. Is this possible at all?\nI remember back when Blizzard made their authenticator. You would basically have to enter the recovery key\/password from their app into a program, which could then show your authenticator on the screen and on your phone or physical device (yeah they sold those). I imagine they used TOTP just like Google Authenticator does. \nSo my real question is: I have my x amount of Google Authenticator passwords, which refreshes every 30 seconds. Can I pull these out and show them in another program? Java? Python? Anything? I assume \"reverse engineering the algorithm\" and brute forcing the keys (like grab 100 keys and work out the next key) would be impossible, as these are server-client based.. right?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":75,"Q_Id":41941537,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So I dug a little deeper. This, however, requires I disable and remove the current 2FA from my account.\n\nGo disable\/remove current 2FA\nGo enable it again, but remember to grab the secret (it's listed somewhere in the request or on the page) and save it somewhere\nFind any secret -> One time password \"generator\"\n\nNow I have the secrets synced on my PC and on my phone. Pretty neat. Requires a lot of work, as I need to disable all my authenticators, but it does work actually.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,java,python,google-authenticator,authenticator","A_Id":41942437,"CreationDate":"2017-01-30T17:08:00.000","Title":"Google Authenticator passwords duplicated somewhere else?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Today, I tried to paste \"ip[tab]port\" in a interpreter, the result is \"ipport\". \nExample: Copy 111.222.3.44    80(using spaces, here, in lieu of tab) from another source, e.g. Notepad, and paste it into the interactive shell. Unfortunately, when I try this, the [tab] doesn't \npaste, and the result is:111.222.3.4480\nI would like to be able to paste the IP & Port with the [tab] so that they are properly separated when pasted.\nPython 3.6, Windows OS.\nDoes anyone know a way to do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":603,"Q_Id":41942799,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is a frustrating issue. The workaround I settled on was to paste into a text editor, then used sed to convert tabs into \\t characters. Then copy and paste that into the python interactive shell.\nFor example:\n\nCopy and paste 111.222.3.44[tab]80 into a text file that preserves the tabs, and save that file as temp.\n\nRun a sed command to convert tabs into \\t.\nsed 's\/\\t\/\\\\t\/g' temp\n\nCopy and the result into the python interactive shell:\n111.222.3.44\\t80","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,copy,paste","A_Id":70075958,"CreationDate":"2017-01-30T18:19:00.000","Title":"How to paste Tab character into Python interactive shell","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to automate checking Google Page Speed scores?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2435,"Q_Id":41988762,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Anybody using this guide (as of April 2022) will need to update to the following:\nhttps:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/pagespeedonline\/v5\/runPagespeed?url={YOUR_SITE_URL}\/&filter_third_party_resources=true&locale=en_US&screenshot=false&strategy=desktop&key={YOUR_API_KEY}\nThe difference is the \"\/v2\/\" needs to be replaced with \"\/v5\/\"","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,automated-tests","A_Id":71752003,"CreationDate":"2017-02-01T20:08:00.000","Title":"How to automate Google PageSpeed Insights tests using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a Facebook API call to retrieve all or a subset of the current live videos with the relative metadata, such as location, user who is streaming, time at stream?\nThe implementation could be in Python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":355,"Q_Id":41992016,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No, there is no such API at this time.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook-live-api","A_Id":42508346,"CreationDate":"2017-02-01T23:51:00.000","Title":"How to access videos in Facebook livemap programmatically?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I am currently writing a script that will allow me to wait on a website that has queue page before I can access contents \nEssentially queue page is where they let people in randomly. In order to increase my chance of getting in faster , I am writing multi thread script and have each thread wait in line. \nFirst thing that came to my mind is would session.get() works in this case?\nIf I send session get request every 10 seconds, would I stay hold my position in queue? Or would I end up at the end?\nSome info about website, they randomly let people in. I am not sure if refreshing page reset your chance or not. But best thing would be to leave page open and let it do it things.\nI could use phantomjs but I would rather not have over 100 headless browser open slowing down my program and computer","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":194,"Q_Id":42003456,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You don't need to keep sending the session, as long as you keep the Python application running you should be good.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,session,request,phantomjs","A_Id":42003480,"CreationDate":"2017-02-02T13:27:00.000","Title":"Does Python requests session keep page active?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"how do I upload an image (from the web) using Bigcommerce's Python API?\nI've got this so far:\ncustom = api.Products.create(name='Test', type='physical', price=8.33, categories=[85], availability='available', weight=0)\nThank you! I've tried almost everything!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":438,"Q_Id":42003461,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"This will create the product on the BigCommerce website. You create the image after creating the product, by entering the following line. The image_file tag should be a fully qualified URL pointing to an image that is accessible to the BigCommerce website, being found either on another website or on your own webserver.\napi.ProductImages.create(parentid=custom.id, image_file='http:\/\/www.evenmore.co.uk\/images\/emgrab_s.jpg', description='My image description')","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,e-commerce,bigcommerce","A_Id":48835159,"CreationDate":"2017-02-02T13:27:00.000","Title":"Bigcommerce Python API, how do I create a product with an image?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I made a simple scraper that accesses an album, and scrapes lyrics for each song from azlyrics.com.\nAfter about an hour of working, the website crashed, with an error:\nChrome: \n\nwww.azlyrics.com didn\u2019t send any data. ERR_EMPTY_RESPONSE\n\nTor, firefox, waterfox: \n\nThe connection was reset The connection to the server was reset while the page was loading.\n\nIt's the same for all devices on my home network. If I use mobile data to access it via my phone it works fine. \nI tried fixing it with ipconfig \/release \/renew, but it didn't work. \nI'm at a loss for what else I could do or why it even happened. Any help is greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.6640367703,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":337,"Q_Id":42006758,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"Apparently your IP was banned by the website for suspicious activity. There are couple ways around that:\n\ntalk to website owners. This is the most straightforward and nicest way\nchange your IP, e.g. by connecting though a pool of public proxies or Tor. This is a little bit dirty and it is not so robust, e.g. you can be banned by user-agent or some other properties of your scraper.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":42006894,"CreationDate":"2017-02-02T15:57:00.000","Title":"Website error after scraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to upload the file in python and i want to upload the file in resumable mode i.e when the internet connection resume , the file upload resume from the previous stage.\nIs there any specific protocol that supports resumable file upload.\nThanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2044,"Q_Id":42019279,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Excellent answer by GuySoft -  it helped me a lot. I have had to slightly modify it as I never (so far) encountered the three exceptions his script is catching, but I experienced a lot of ConnectionResetError and socket.timeout errors on FTP uploads, so I added that. I also noticed that if I added a timeout of 60 seconds at ftp login, number of ConnectionResetErrors dropped significantly (but not all together). It was often happening that upload often got stuck at 100 % at the ftp.storbinary until socket.timeout, then tried 49 times and quit. I fixed that by comparing totalSize and rest_pos and exited when equal.\nSo I have working solution now, bu I will try to figure out what is causing the socket timeouts.\nInteresting thing is that when I used Filezilla and even a PHP script, the file uploads to same FTP server were working without glitch.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,resume-upload","A_Id":68074868,"CreationDate":"2017-02-03T07:51:00.000","Title":"Resumable file upload in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using a networkx weighted graph in order to model a transportation network. I am attempting to find the shortest path in terms of the sum of weighted edges. I have used Dijkstra path in order to find this path. My problem occurs when there is a tie in terms of weighted edges. When this occurs I would always like to choose from the set of paths that tied, the path that has the least number of edges. Dijkstra path does not seem to be doing this.\nIs there a way to ensure that I can choose the path with the least number of edges from a set of paths that are tied in terms of sum of weighted edges?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":711,"Q_Id":42029159,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Instead of using floating points for weights, use tuples (weight, number_of_edges) with pairwise addition.  The lowest weight path using these new weights will have the lowest weight, and in the case of a tie, be the shortest path.\nTo define these weights I would make them a subclass of tuple with __add__ redefined.  Then you should be able to use your existing code.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,algorithm,graph","A_Id":42029561,"CreationDate":"2017-02-03T16:51:00.000","Title":"Python: Shortest Weighted Path and Least Number of Edges","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to make a file and upload that on a Synology NAS. I am using Python. It doesn't support FTP but it is just a network drive.\nI know the question is really short, I just don't know what more to tell.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1321,"Q_Id":42033430,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The point of network drives is that they are used like local drives. So make it accessible to your operating system (mount on Unix\/Linux\/MacOS, share on Windows...) and copy the file to it. Alternatively, you can use a network protocol, such as webdav, sftp, whatever is enabled. python supports them all (sometimes with some support from the OS)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,upload,nas,synology","A_Id":42033609,"CreationDate":"2017-02-03T21:40:00.000","Title":"How to upload file on Synology NAS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm getting started out creating a website where users can store and get (on user request) private information they store on the server. Since the information is private, I would also like to provide 256 bit encryption. So, how should I go about it? Should I code the back end server stuff in node.js or Python, since I'm comfortable with both languages? How do I go about providing a secure server to the user? And if in the future, I would like to expand my service to mobile apps for Android and iOS, what would be the process?\nPlease try explaining in detail since that would be a great help :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":30,"Q_Id":42036307,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You don't need to create your own encrypted communication protocol. Just serve all traffic over https.\nIf you also wish to encrypt the data before storing it on a database you can encrypt it on arrival to the server.\nCheck out Express.js for the server, Passport.js for authentication and search for 256-bit encryption on npm. There are quite a few implementations.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,node.js,web-applications,server","A_Id":42036454,"CreationDate":"2017-02-04T03:58:00.000","Title":"Build a Server to Receive and Send User's Private Information","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have requirement where I need to store users ip, device information, user_agent, etc. information for on url on my site. How do I go about this? \nThis data will be used later as stats (which device hitting more, which locations etc.) \nI can see that Google analytics helps in tracking for entire site.\nHow do I enable it to track only for one specific url on my site and track all information mentioned above?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":227,"Q_Id":42036376,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you add your tracking code only on the one web page you wish to track, then you should be able to accomplish your goal.  Just to clarify, if you have two web pages, trackme.html and donottrackme.html, you would place the Google Analytics tracking code only on trackme.html.  IP, device information, user agent, etc. should be visible within your dashboard.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,flask,google-analytics","A_Id":42036453,"CreationDate":"2017-02-04T04:10:00.000","Title":"Track users using Google analytics for one url on website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new to windows and this is the first time I am running a Python program on windows.\nI am running a crawler program that uses selenium and firefox webdriver.\nMy program runs successfully on mac\/ubuntu, but on windows \nwebdriver.Firefox()\nopen a new geckodriver window(cmd like window) and just hangs there nothing after that. Program doesn't move forward after that.\nWindows 7\ngeckodriverv0.13","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":944,"Q_Id":42037554,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Your problem is most likely the compatibility between Firefox and your GeckoDriver. Try using the latest Firefox and geckodriver. If you have a problem with Firefox, try reinstalling it and disable automatic updating.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":42040656,"CreationDate":"2017-02-04T07:03:00.000","Title":"Windows: Selenium webdriver.Firefox hangs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any kid of \"repl + extra features\" (like showing docs, module autoreload etc.), like iPython, but for Nodejs?\nAnd I mean something that runs locally & offline. This is a must. And preferably to work both in terminal mode and have an optional nicer GUI on top (like iPython + iPythonQT\/Jupyter-qtconsole).\nThe standard Nodejs repl is usable, but it has horrible usability (clicking the up-arrow cycles through the repl hisoty by line instead of by multi-line command, as you would expect any sane repl to work for interactively experimenting with things like class statements), and is very bare-bones. Every time I switch from iPython to it it's painful. A browser's repl like Chrome's that you can run for node too by starting a node-inspector debug session is more usable... but also too cumbersome.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7289,"Q_Id":42039868,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"I've been looking for \"ipython for node\" for years and here's how I would answer your question:\nNo.","Q_Score":31,"Tags":"node.js,ipython,read-eval-print-loop,ijavascript","A_Id":57401854,"CreationDate":"2017-02-04T11:33:00.000","Title":"Is there a REPL like iPython for Nodejs?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to keep the chrome browser open after selenium finishes executing my test script. I want to re-use the same window for my second script to run.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9560,"Q_Id":42044315,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"This should be as simple as not calling driver.quit() at the end of your test case. You should be left with the chrome window in an opened state.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver,selenium-chromedriver,ui-automation","A_Id":42044535,"CreationDate":"2017-02-04T18:58:00.000","Title":"How to keep chrome browser window open to be re-used after selenium script finishes on python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am scraping data from peoplefinders.com a website which is not accesible from my home country so I am basically using a vpn client. \nI login to this website with a session post and through the same session I get items from different pages of the same website. The problem is that I do scraping in a for loop with get requests but for some reason I receive response 400 error after a several iterations. The error occurs after scraping 4-5 pages on average. \nIs it due to fact that I am using a vpn connection ?\nDoesn't all requests from the same session contains same cookies and hence allow me to keep logged in while scraping different pages of the same website ?\nThank You","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":397,"Q_Id":42079848,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"HTTP 400 is returned, if the request is malformed.\nYou should inspect the request being made, when you get the error. Perhaps, it is not properly encoded. \nVPN should not cause an HTTP 400.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,session-cookies,vpn","A_Id":42079994,"CreationDate":"2017-02-07T00:44:00.000","Title":"Does using a vpn interrupts python sessions requests which are using the same cookies over and over?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to know how to create a communication for each services. I am using API Gateway for the outside of the system to communicate with the services within. Is it necessary for a service to call another service through API Gateway or just directly into the service itself ?\nThank You","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3274,"Q_Id":42105805,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Api gateway is not needed for Internal service to service communication\nBut, you need a service registry or some kind of dynamic  load balancing mechanism to reach the services","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,microservices","A_Id":42114560,"CreationDate":"2017-02-08T06:03:00.000","Title":"Microservices Communication Design","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing a web app which depends on data from one or more third party websites. The websites do not provide any kind of authentication API, and so I am using unofficial APIs to retrieve the data from the third party sites. \nI plan to ask users for their credentials to the third party websites. I understand this requires users to trust me and my tool, and I intend to respect that trust by storing the credentials as safely as possible as well as make clear the risks of sharing their credentials. \nI know there are popular tools that address this problem today. Mint.com, for example, requires users' credentials to their financial accounts so that it may periodically retrieve transaction information. LinkedIn asks for users' e-mail credentials so that it can harvest their contacts. \nWhat would be a safe design to store users' credentials? In particular, I am writing a Django application and will likely build on top of a PostgreSQL backend, but I am open to other ideas. \nFor what it's worth, the data being accessed from these third party sites is nowhere near the level of financial accounts, e-mail accounts, or social networking profiles\/accounts. That said, I intend to treat this access with the utmost respect, and that is why I am asking for assistance here first.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1085,"Q_Id":42169854,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There\u2019s no such thing as a safe design when it comes to storing passwords\/secrets.  There\u2019s only, how much security overhead trade-off you are willing to live with.  Here is what I would consider the minimum that you should do:\n\nHTTPS-only (all passwords should be encrypted in transit)\nIf possible keep passwords encrypted in memory when working with them except when you need to access them to access the service.\nEncryption in the data store.  All passwords should be strongly encrypted in the data store.\n[Optional, but strongly recommended] Customer keying; the customer should hold the key to unlock their data, not you.  This will mean that your communications with the third party services can only happen when the customer is interacting with your application.  The key should expire after a set amount of time.  This protects you from the rogue DBA or your DB being compromised.    \nAnd this is the hard one, auditing.  All accesses of any of the customer's information should be logged and the customer should be able to view the log to verify \/ review the activity.  Some go so far as to have this logging enabled at the database level as well so all row access at the DB level are logged.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,django,postgresql,security,encryption","A_Id":42170097,"CreationDate":"2017-02-10T22:45:00.000","Title":"How to safely store users' credentials to third party websites when no authentication API exists?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any way to delete a message sent by anyone other than the bot itself, the documentation seems to indicate that it is possible\n\nYour own messages could be deleted without any proper permissions. However to delete other people\u2019s messages, you need the proper permissions to do so.\n\nBut I can't find a way to target the message to do so in an on_message event trigger, am I missing something or is it just not possible?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":87622,"Q_Id":42182243,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if you're trying to delete the last sent message, e.g if a user is calling a command and you want to remove their message and then send the command.\nUse this \"await ctx.message.delete()\" at the top of your command, it will find the last sent message and delete it.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,discord","A_Id":69640480,"CreationDate":"2017-02-11T23:00:00.000","Title":"Deleting User Messages in Discord.py","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can anyone tell difference between iPerf and iPerf3? while using it with client-server python script,what are the dependencies?And what are the alternatives to iPerf?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2323,"Q_Id":42218537,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"iperf vs iperf3 from wikipedia\n\nA rewrite of iperf from scratch, with the goal of a smaller, simpler\n  code base and a library version of the functionality that can be used\n  in other programs, called iperf3, was started in 2009. The first\n  iperf3 release was made in January 2014. The website states: \"iperf3\n  is not backwards compatible with iperf2.x\".\n\nAlternatives are Netcat, Bandwidth Test Controller (BWCTL), ps-performance toolkit, iXChariot, jperf, Lanbench, NetIO-GUI, Netstress.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7","A_Id":42813821,"CreationDate":"2017-02-14T05:28:00.000","Title":"Iperf3 commands with python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is a <ul>tag in a webpage, and so many <li> tags in the <ul> tag. The <li> tags are loaded by ajax automatically while mouse wheel scroll down continuously.\nThe loading of <li> tags will work well if I use mouse wheel.\nI want to use selenium to get the loaded info in <li> tags, but the javascript of:\ndocument.getElementById(\/the id of ul tag\/).scrollTop=200;\ncan not work as the new <li> can not be loaded by ajax neither in chrome console nor the selenium execute_script.\nSo, if there is an API of selenium to behave like mouse wheel scroll down? Or is there any other way to solve this problem?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":418,"Q_Id":42239544,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'd look at the ajax load event listener (the code that loads more <li>s).  You need to trigger whatever that listens for. (aka: does it watch for something entering the view port, or something's y-offset, or  a MouseEvent, or a scroll()?)\nThen you need to trigger that kind of event on the element it listens to.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":42261282,"CreationDate":"2017-02-15T02:11:00.000","Title":"How can python + selenium + chromedriver use mouse wheel?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"There is a <ul>tag in a webpage, and so many <li> tags in the <ul> tag. The <li> tags are loaded by ajax automatically while mouse wheel scroll down continuously.\nThe loading of <li> tags will work well if I use mouse wheel.\nI want to use selenium to get the loaded info in <li> tags, but the javascript of:\ndocument.getElementById(\/the id of ul tag\/).scrollTop=200;\ncan not work as the new <li> can not be loaded by ajax neither in chrome console nor the selenium execute_script.\nSo, if there is an API of selenium to behave like mouse wheel scroll down? Or is there any other way to solve this problem?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":418,"Q_Id":42239544,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"From now on, there is not any reasonable reason, so I close this question.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":42455875,"CreationDate":"2017-02-15T02:11:00.000","Title":"How can python + selenium + chromedriver use mouse wheel?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i have started working on python chat, using sockets.\nI am now having a problem with connecting many clients to the server, because if they connect to the same port they won't be able to communicate live, because each client would wait in line until the port will be free. Now my idea was to choose (on the server side) how many clients I want first, then open that range of ports using a simple for function and threads. Now my problem is that on my client size I am using try, when the \"try\" point is connecting to the port. At first I thought if somebody already connected to some port it will throw an error so the client will just jump to next port, but I forgot about that line thing. Any ideas?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":65,"Q_Id":42243255,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Never mind i figures it out. My mistake was that i opened new socket with every thread, while should have opened that once in main() func, then do the accept in the thread. Thank you all","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,sockets","A_Id":42267485,"CreationDate":"2017-02-15T07:37:00.000","Title":"Trying to create Python chat","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have python code that sends data to socket (a rather large file). Should I divide it into 1kb chunks, or would just conn.sendall(file.read()) be acceptable?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1254,"Q_Id":42258274,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"It will make little difference to the sending operation. (I assume you are using a TCP socket for the purposes of this discussion.) \nWhen you attempt to send 1K, the kernel will take that 1K, copy it into kernel TCP buffers, and return success (and probably begin sending to the peer at the same time). At which point, you will send another 1K and the same thing happens. Eventually if the file is large enough, and the network can't send it fast enough, or the receiver can't drain it fast enough, the kernel buffer space used by your data will reach some internal limit and your process will be blocked until the receiver drains enough data. (This limit can often be pretty high with TCP -- depending on the OSes, you may be able to send a megabyte or two without ever hitting it.)\nIf you try to send in one shot, pretty much the same thing will happen: data will be transferred from your buffer into kernel buffers until\/unless some limit is reached. At that point, your process will be blocked until data is drained by the receiver (and so forth).\nHowever, with the first mechanism, you can send a file of any size without using undue amounts of memory -- your in-memory buffer (not including the kernel TCP buffers) only needs to be 1K long. With the sendall approach, file.read() will read the entire file into your program's memory. If you attempt that with a truly giant file (say 40G or something), that might take more memory than you have, even including swap space.\nSo, as a general purpose mechanism, I would definitely favor the first approach. For modern architectures, I would use a larger buffer size than 1K though. The exact number probably isn't too critical; but you could choose something that will fit several disk blocks at once, say, 256K.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python-3.x,sockets","A_Id":42260182,"CreationDate":"2017-02-15T19:20:00.000","Title":"Should I send data in chunks, or send it all at once?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking to simulate a TCP server, where I would want to reject connection with different error codes in ICMP message.\nCurrently, the issue is even before it reaches handle_accept() in sockets SYN,ACK would have already reached to the server, and I can reject the connection with ICMP errors!\nDid anybody ever tried it? Is there any other way to do it?\nThanks in Advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":125,"Q_Id":42265676,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no way to do this on the level of the TCP socket interface available in Python since the OS kernel does the connection setup already before the applications returns from accept. You would need to handle this outside of the application with firewall rules or use raw sockets or a user space network stack where you are not restricted to how connections are handled in the kernel and what the socket interface offers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp","A_Id":42266135,"CreationDate":"2017-02-16T05:28:00.000","Title":"Reject TCP SYN with ICMP error messages in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to scrape a url which has checkboxes in it. I wanna click some of the checkboxes and scrape and I wanna scrape again with someother checkboxes clicked. For instance;\nI wanna click new and then scrape\nand then I wanna scrape the same url with Used and Very Good clicked.\nIs there a way to do this without making more than 1 request which is done for getting the url.\nI guess html changes when you click one of the boxes since the listing will change when you refine the search. Any thoughts? Any suggestions?\nBest,\nCan","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1305,"Q_Id":42291191,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You are wrong.\nScrapy cannot manipulate real browser-like behavior.\nFrom the image you linked, I saw you are scraping Amazon, so open that link in browser, and click on checkbox, you will notice the URL in browser will also change according to new filter set.\nAnd then put that URL in scrapy code and do your scraping.\nIF YOU WANT TO MANIPULATE REAL BROWSER-LIKE BEHAVIOR use Python Selenium or PhantomJS or CasperJS.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,xpath,web-scraping,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":42297186,"CreationDate":"2017-02-17T06:49:00.000","Title":"Scrapy - How to put a check into checkboxes in a url then scrape","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have created a service account for Google Drive API two months ago and was using it to upload files in weekly basics to a shared folder. From couple of days I am getting the below error while trying to upload files using this API\n\"The user has exceeded their Drive storage quota\"\nI tried to upload into another folder but still got the same issue. I am not sure if I am doing anything wrong here. \nThanks,Teja","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4699,"Q_Id":42300271,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"From your question it sounds like you are using a Service Account to proxy to a standard account. The first thing to do is to establish which account is out of quota, ie. is it the Service Account or is it the standard account? You can use the About.get method to see the used and available quota for each account. If it's the Service Account, it might be because the uploaded files are still owned by the Service Account. You might need to change their permission so they become owned by the standard account. The answer that @nicolas linked to is very helpful.\nIf you are using a Service Account as a proxy, consider not doing this because it's a bit hacky. Instead you should consider uploading directly to the standard account using a saved Refresh Token. There are pros and cons of each approach.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-drive-api","A_Id":42303792,"CreationDate":"2017-02-17T14:23:00.000","Title":"Google Drive API service Account \"The user has exceeded their Drive storage quota\" python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a chat-box. I am using IBM Watson Conversation to make a conversation bot. My query is:\nSuppose the user is talking to the bot in some specific node, and suddenly the user asks a random question, like \"what is the weather?\", my bot should be able to connect to few Internet websites, search the content and come with a relevant reply, and after that as the user inputs to get back to the previous topic, the bot should be able to resume from where it left.\nSummary: How to code in Python to make the bot jump to some intent and\n   then get back to previous intent. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1028,"Q_Id":42344095,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Search for a \"request response\". This is a way to redirect the conversation \/ dialog flow to your app, and then forward it back to watson.\nHope it helps.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ibm-cloud,ibm-watson,chatbot,watson-conversation","A_Id":42350581,"CreationDate":"2017-02-20T12:03:00.000","Title":"IBM Watson Conversation - Python: Make chat bot jump to some intent & get back to previous intent","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to get the sum of weights (total cost\/distance encountered) of a given path in a networkx multigraph. \nIt's like the current shortest_path_length() function but I plan to use it on the paths returned by the all_simple_paths() function. Is there a way to do that? \nI can't just iterate over all the nodes in the path because since it's a multigraph, I will need the key for that given path to be able to know which edge is used. Thank you.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1902,"Q_Id":42365761,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I got it. I created a subgraph instead of every output path from all_simple_paths() and just obtained their sum over an attribute by using size() function.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networkx,shortest-path","A_Id":42365979,"CreationDate":"2017-02-21T11:14:00.000","Title":"Calculate sum of weights in NetworkX multigraph given path","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So everyday, I need to login to a couple different hosts via ssh and run some maintenance commands there in order for the QA team to be able to test my features.\nI want to use a python script to automate such boring tasks. It would be something like:\n\nssh host1\ndeploy stuff\nlogout from host1\nssh host2\nrestart stuff\nlogout from host2\nssh host3\ncheck health on stuff\nlogout from host3\n...\n\nIt's killing my productivity, and I would like to know if there is something nice, ergonomic and easy to implement that can handle and run commands on ssh sessions programmatically and output a report for me.\nOf course I will do the code, I just wanted some suggestions that are not bash scripts (because those are not meant for humans to be read).","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9599,"Q_Id":42375396,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"If these manual stuffs is too many, then I may look into some server configuration managements like Ansible. \nI have done this kinda automation using:\n\nAnsible \nPython Fabric \nRake","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,linux,ssh","A_Id":42375591,"CreationDate":"2017-02-21T18:40:00.000","Title":"Automate ssh commands with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So, I'm trying to use the ebaysdk-python module, to connect to ebay and get a list of orders. After struggle a little bit with the connection, I've finally have found the ebay.yaml syntax. I have then configured the user and password, but I'm receiving this Error 16112.\nSo, this is my question: is there a way to connect to ebay without interactivity? I mean, without the need to give the permission to get the token and such (oauth)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":69,"Q_Id":42380443,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've finally found the way to do this: I have created a user token using the method auth'n'auth. This user token have almost a year of validity, so it can be used for my purpose. Now, there is another question around that.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ebay-sdk","A_Id":42380791,"CreationDate":"2017-02-22T00:18:00.000","Title":"Error 16112 - How to connect to Ebay without interactivity?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I tried to test getting toast message on android device with Appium 1.6.3, but it is disappointed for me,the rate to correct get toast is very low. Is there anyone help me?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":509,"Q_Id":42384577,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"1.It depends upon how dynamic data is coming.\n2. If you want to get toast data while swiping than it becomes hard to get accurate data.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver,automated-tests,ui-automation,python-appium","A_Id":42408979,"CreationDate":"2017-02-22T06:52:00.000","Title":"How to improve get toast correct rate on Appium 1.6.3 with uiautomator2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using ZMQ to facilitate communications between one server and multiple clients. Is there a method to have the clients automatically find the ZMQ server if they are on the same internal network? My goal would be to have the client be able to automatically detect the IP and Port it should connect to.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":130,"Q_Id":42395369,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's not possible to do this in any sort of scalable way without some sort of broker or manager that will manage your communications system.\nThe way that would work is that you have your broker on a known IP:port, and as your server and clients spin up, they connect to the broker, and the broker then tells your endpoints how to communicate to each other.\nThere are some circumstances where such a communication pattern could make sense, generally when the server and clients are controlled by different entities, and maybe even different from the entity controlling the broker.  In your case, it sounds like a dramatic amount of over-engineering.  The only other way to do what you're looking for that I'm aware of is to just start brute forcing the network to find open IP:port combinations that respond the way you are looking for.  Ick.\nI suggest you just define the IP:port you want to use, probably through some method of static configuration you can change manually as necessary, or that can act as sort of a flat-file broker that both ends of the communication can access.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,server,client,zeromq,pyzmq","A_Id":42517557,"CreationDate":"2017-02-22T15:14:00.000","Title":"Python automatically find server with ZMQ","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have about 170 GB data. I have to analyze it using hadoop 2.7.3. There are 14 workers. I have to find total of unique MIME type of each document e.g. total number of documents that are text\/html type. When I run mapreduce job(written in python), Hadoop returns many output files instead of single one that I am expecting. I think this is due to many workers that process some data seprately and give output. I want to get single output. Where is the problem. How I can restrict hadoop to give single output (by combining all small output files).","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":750,"Q_Id":42406596,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"your job is generating 1 file per mapper, you have to force a reducer phase using 1 reducer to do this, you can accomplish this  emitting the same key in all the mappers.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,hadoop,mapreduce","A_Id":42406958,"CreationDate":"2017-02-23T03:42:00.000","Title":"How to combine hadoop mappers output to get single result","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have about 170 GB data. I have to analyze it using hadoop 2.7.3. There are 14 workers. I have to find total of unique MIME type of each document e.g. total number of documents that are text\/html type. When I run mapreduce job(written in python), Hadoop returns many output files instead of single one that I am expecting. I think this is due to many workers that process some data seprately and give output. I want to get single output. Where is the problem. How I can restrict hadoop to give single output (by combining all small output files).","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":750,"Q_Id":42406596,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Make your mapper to emit for each document processed  - (doc-mime-type, 1) then count up all such pairs at reduce phase. In essence, it is a standard word count exercise except your mappers emit 1s for each doc's mime-type.\nRegarding number of reducers to set: Alex's way of merging reducers' results is preferable as allows to utilize all your worker nodes at reduce stage. However, if job to be run on 1-2 nodes then just one reducer should work fine.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,hadoop,mapreduce","A_Id":42414979,"CreationDate":"2017-02-23T03:42:00.000","Title":"How to combine hadoop mappers output to get single result","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have many telegram channels, 24\\7 they send messages in the format \n\n\"buy usdjpy sl 145.2 tp 167.4\"  \n\"eurusd sell sl 145.2 tp 167.4\" \n\"eurusd sl 145.2 tp 167.4 SELL\"\n\nor these words in some order\nMy idea is to create app that checks every channel's message, and redirects it to my channel if it is in the above format.\nDoes telegram api allow it?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.024994793,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":36182,"Q_Id":42430232,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Got the solution to this problem. \nHere is bot which automatically forwards messages from one channel to another without the forward tag. \nMoreover the copying speed is legit!\n@copythatbot\nThis is the golden tool everyone is looking for.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":56536495,"CreationDate":"2017-02-24T03:29:00.000","Title":"How can I redirect messages from telegram channels that are in certain format?[telegram bot]","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have many telegram channels, 24\\7 they send messages in the format \n\n\"buy usdjpy sl 145.2 tp 167.4\"  \n\"eurusd sell sl 145.2 tp 167.4\" \n\"eurusd sl 145.2 tp 167.4 SELL\"\n\nor these words in some order\nMy idea is to create app that checks every channel's message, and redirects it to my channel if it is in the above format.\nDoes telegram api allow it?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":36182,"Q_Id":42430232,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You cannot scrape from a telegram channel with a bot, unless, the bot is an administrator in the channel, which only the owner can add.\nOnce that is done, you can easily redirect posts to your channel by listening for channel_post updates.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":42467337,"CreationDate":"2017-02-24T03:29:00.000","Title":"How can I redirect messages from telegram channels that are in certain format?[telegram bot]","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have many telegram channels, 24\\7 they send messages in the format \n\n\"buy usdjpy sl 145.2 tp 167.4\"  \n\"eurusd sell sl 145.2 tp 167.4\" \n\"eurusd sl 145.2 tp 167.4 SELL\"\n\nor these words in some order\nMy idea is to create app that checks every channel's message, and redirects it to my channel if it is in the above format.\nDoes telegram api allow it?","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":36182,"Q_Id":42430232,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This is very easy to do with Full Telegram API.\n\nfirst on your mobile phone subscribe to all the interested channels\nNext you develop a simple telegram client the receives all the updates from these channels\nNext you build some parsers that can understand the channel messages and filter out what you are interested in\nFinally you send the filtered content (re-formatted) to your own channel.\n\nthat's all that is required.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":42441369,"CreationDate":"2017-02-24T03:29:00.000","Title":"How can I redirect messages from telegram channels that are in certain format?[telegram bot]","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I persist an API object across different Celery tasks? I have one API object per user with an authenticated session (python requests) to make API calls. A user_id, csrftoken, etc. is sent with each request. \nI need to schedule different tasks in Celery to perform API requests without re-authenticating for each task.\nHow can I do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":152,"Q_Id":42438998,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can put these data into the database\/memcache and fetch by userid as a key.\nIf these data are stateless - it's fine. Concurrent processes take the authenticating parameters, construct request and send it.\nIf it changes the state (unique incrementing request id, changing token, etc) after each request (or in some requests) - you need to implement a singleton manager to provide correct credentials by request. All tasks should request for credentials from this manager. It can also limit the rate for example.\nIf you would like to pass this object to the task as a parameter - then you need to serialize it. Just make sure it is seriazeable.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,python-requests,celery","A_Id":42439583,"CreationDate":"2017-02-24T12:44:00.000","Title":"How can I persist an authenticated API object across different Celery tasks?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a raspberry pi, which is setup as a audio streaming server. I have used websockets and python as programming language. The client can listen to the live audio stream by connecting to the server hosted on raspberry pi. The system works well in localhost environment. Now, I want to access the server from the internet and by searching I got to know about STUN. I tried to use pystun but I couldn't get the proper port for NAT punching. So can anyone help me to implement STUN?\nNote: server is listening at localhost:8000","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3652,"Q_Id":42453445,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"NAT punching is used for peer-to-peer (P2P) communication and your audio streaming server seems to be a client-server implementation.\nHow and if this is going to work heavily depends on your NAT device (which kind of NAT is implemented). Chances are high that your NAT device has short timeouts and you need to punch holes for every client connection (from your raspberry pi).\nAs you stated you're using WebSockets and these are always TCP, pystun isn't going to work because pystun only supports UDP.\nI'd suggest to create a port forwarding in your NAT device, tunnel your traffic using a P2P VPN or host your audio streaming server on a different network.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,websocket,nat,stun","A_Id":64177395,"CreationDate":"2017-02-25T07:52:00.000","Title":"How to implement stun with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hey I am building a simple API server to handle some functionality for a chrome extension. But I need to the users of my extension\/add-on to be logged in and for this I want to make the python api server HTTPS requests only. How would I go about verifying the certificate for my server from the chrome extension? Sorry for this broad ish question, I am very new to web based programming.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":221,"Q_Id":42491349,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You shouldn't have to do anything special. Any HTTPS requests made by the Chrome extension will go through the same certificate verification as would any other request made in the browser.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssl,google-chrome-extension","A_Id":42491557,"CreationDate":"2017-02-27T16:54:00.000","Title":"Python Server: Chrome Extension SSL certificate","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to know how traffic flows in SoftLayer between the servers, In course of traffic flow how to detect unusual traffic and how to detect ports that are prone to unusual\/malicious traffic. Can we retrieve this information using any SoftLayer python API's ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":61,"Q_Id":42506643,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"that is not possbile using the Softlayer's API even using the Softlayer's control portal that information is not avaiable.\nregards","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,ibm-cloud-infrastructure","A_Id":42534904,"CreationDate":"2017-02-28T10:47:00.000","Title":"how to get unusual traffic or traffic information in SoftLayer using python API's","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"does anyone of you know how to find \/ click the YT-Like button in Python using selenium since it doesn't have a real Id, etc...\nThanks for the answers","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":378,"Q_Id":42515611,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you can select with CSS Selector like this:\nif you want to like:\n#watch8-sentiment-actions > span > span:nth-child(1) > button\nif you want cancel like:\n#watch8-sentiment-actions > span > span:nth-child(2) > button","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,button,youtube","A_Id":42515710,"CreationDate":"2017-02-28T17:54:00.000","Title":"Python - Selenium: Find \/ Click YT-Like Button","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to intall webdriver and in order to open firefox i need the geckodriver to be installed and in the correct path.\nFirstly the download link to install geckodriver only allows you to install a file that is not an executable. So is there a way to make it an executable?\nsecondly I have tried to change my path variables in commmand prompt, but of course it didn't work. I then changed the user variable not the system path variables because there is not Path in system. there is a Path in user variables so I edited that to change where the file is located. \nI have extracted the geckodriver rar file and have received a file with no extension. I don't know how you can have a file with no extension, but they did it. The icon is like a blank sheet of paper with a fold at the top left. \nIf anyone has a solution for this including maybe another package that is like webdriver and will allow me to open a browser and then refresh the page after a given amount of time. this is all I want to do.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":66774,"Q_Id":42524114,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"For one make sure you are downloading the one for your OS. Windows is at the bottom of the list it will say win32. Download that file or 64 doesn't matter.\nAfter that you are going to want to extract the file. If you get an error that says there is no file in the Winrar file, this may be because in your Winrar settings you have Winrar set to not extract any files that have the extension .exe. If you go to Winrar options then settings then security you can delete this it will say *.exe, and after you delete that you can extract the file. After that is done, search how to update the path so that gecko driver can be accessed. Then you will most likely need to restart.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,webdriver,geckodriver","A_Id":42542815,"CreationDate":"2017-03-01T05:46:00.000","Title":"how to install geckodriver on a windows system","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to intall webdriver and in order to open firefox i need the geckodriver to be installed and in the correct path.\nFirstly the download link to install geckodriver only allows you to install a file that is not an executable. So is there a way to make it an executable?\nsecondly I have tried to change my path variables in commmand prompt, but of course it didn't work. I then changed the user variable not the system path variables because there is not Path in system. there is a Path in user variables so I edited that to change where the file is located. \nI have extracted the geckodriver rar file and have received a file with no extension. I don't know how you can have a file with no extension, but they did it. The icon is like a blank sheet of paper with a fold at the top left. \nIf anyone has a solution for this including maybe another package that is like webdriver and will allow me to open a browser and then refresh the page after a given amount of time. this is all I want to do.","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":66774,"Q_Id":42524114,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've wrestled with the same question for last hour.\n\nMake sure you have the latest version of Firefox installed.  I had Firefox 36, which, when checking for updates, said it was the latest version.  Mozilla's website had version 54 as latest.  So download Firefox from website, and reinstall.\n\nMake sure you have the latest gecko driver downloaded.\n\nIf you're getting the path error - use the code below to figure out which path python is looking at. Add the geckodriver.exe to the working directory.\n\n\nimport os\nos.getcwd()","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,webdriver,geckodriver","A_Id":46927125,"CreationDate":"2017-03-01T05:46:00.000","Title":"how to install geckodriver on a windows system","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"requests.exceptions.Timeout  VS \nrequests.models.Response.status_code = 504 [gateway timeout]\nwhat is the actual difference between the two as both deals with saying timeout has occurred?\nLet us say Service s1 makes call to S2\nIn s1:\nrequest.post( url=s2,..., timeout=60 ) \nwhen will requests.exceptions.Timeout  be raised and in what scenario 504 is received.\nCan retries be made for all of those exceptions  - I believe answer for above question might give lead to this..\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1354,"Q_Id":42558294,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The gateway timeout means the connected server had some sort of timeout after receiving your request(i.e. you did make a connection).  However, the requests timeout exception means your script never connected to the server and timed out waiting on a response from the server (i.e. you did not make a connection).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,request,timeoutexception,http-status-code-504","A_Id":42558358,"CreationDate":"2017-03-02T14:38:00.000","Title":"python: requests.exceptions.Timeout vs requests.models.Response.status_code 504 ( gateway timeout )","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to get more information from  experienced people doing web scraping in general, I am getting into web scraping using Python libraries. At the same time, I noticed some people are using simple Bash, and using commands for web scraping such as wget, curl, sed, grep, awk.\nThese commands seem to be much cleaner in scripting than using Python libraries for web scraping.\nWhat are your takes on this? Do you see any advantage of using python libraries over Bash that I am not getting? Or even using Python with Bash to accomplish web scraping?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":707,"Q_Id":42563683,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"With Python you can also scrape sites rendered with JavaScript using selenium und a headless browser like PhantomJS. Maybe this is possible with bash scripting too, but the more complext your code gets the bigger the advantage of the clarity of python IMHO.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bash,curl,sed,web-scraping","A_Id":42564318,"CreationDate":"2017-03-02T18:56:00.000","Title":"Using Bash scripting for web scraping over python libraries?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've read the API documentation and there seem to be no way to get user email.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":67,"Q_Id":42573079,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if you can see a page witch contains your needed data with your eyes. you can use web scraping to gather them.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python","A_Id":42573390,"CreationDate":"2017-03-03T07:29:00.000","Title":"Is there any way to extract a list of users and their email ids from wattpad?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am coding a program(server-client) in python 2.7, that exchange data through sockets. I use SSL to secure the connection. But here is the thing. I want to make the client and the server executables with pyinstaller, and i want the SSL certificate and the key to be \"hidden\" somewhere inside the python code... so i can have only ONE file, and not several. I tried to load the certificate through a variable that contained the certificate, but appareantly the certificate needs to be loaded through a file. What options do i have ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":228,"Q_Id":42607360,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Appereantly there isn't any answer to this question... so i figured out something else. I saved the certificate in a variable in my pythonic code :P and then before connecting to the server, the client saves the certificate to a temp file, and at the end delete it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,ssl,ssl-certificate,embed","A_Id":42621585,"CreationDate":"2017-03-05T10:42:00.000","Title":"Embed SSL certificates","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can you click on an element, while the page is not fully load but the element is already loaded\/visible? If yes then how? If no then is there any other solution?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":122,"Q_Id":42608100,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Technically speaking, you could set an explicit wait targetting the \"presence_of_element_located\" or \"visibility_of_element_located\" condition. However keep in mind that the action fired by the click on the element could be binded in many ways, and some of them could take place after the dom is ready (when the complete DOM is loaded altough not yet completely rendered).\nThink at these scenarios:\n\nThe element has an \"onClick\" attribute which fire a javascript function: in thiw case, the action could take place before the complete load (but only if it not concern elements that are not rendered yet)\nThe element is an anchor with an \"href\" attribute with a plain url inside it: in this case I think it could be pretty safe to click before the complete load\nThe element has an action binded through javascript at some point: in this case you should check the js code to make sure the element has the action already binded when you want to click it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,selenium,click,element","A_Id":42665717,"CreationDate":"2017-03-05T11:58:00.000","Title":"Python 2.7 Selenium, Click on button while the page isn't fully load","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have developed a lambda function which hits API url and getting the data in Json Format. So need to use modules\/libraries like requests which is not available in AWS online editor using Python 2.7.\nSo need to upload the code in Zip file, How we can do step by step to deploy Lambda function from windows local server to AWS console. What are the requirements?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":614,"Q_Id":42628638,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You could use code build, which will build your code on the aws linux envoirnment. Then it wont matter if the envoirnment is windows or linux.\ncode build will put the artifacts directly on s3, from there you can directly upload it to lambda.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,aws-lambda","A_Id":43783169,"CreationDate":"2017-03-06T14:52:00.000","Title":"AWS lambda function deployment","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What does the mytubeid tag(like <iframe src=\"\/portal\/corporateEventsCalendarIframe.html\" mytubeid=\"mytube1\" width=\"820\" height=\"1600\" frameborder=\"0\"\/>) do in an iframe? \nNote that the iframe do not have an id or as such in it!\nHow can it be referenced in code? I am using python+selenium+scrapy to build a webscraping tool.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":159,"Q_Id":42653958,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want to find  this iframe using selenium try something like\ndriver.find_element_by_xpath('\/\/iframe[@mytubeid=\"mytube1\"]').\nFor more explicit answer please provide some code and site url.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,selenium,iframe,scrapy","A_Id":42658773,"CreationDate":"2017-03-07T16:57:00.000","Title":"Referencing mytubeid in iframe using Python Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to start a python script that will parse a csv file uploaded from the UI by the user.  On the client side, how do I make a call to start the python script (I've read AJAX http requests work)?  And then secondly, how do I take the user input (just a simple user upload with the  HTML tag) which will be read by the python script?\nThe back end python script works perfectly through the command line, I just need to create a front end for easier use.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":899,"Q_Id":42660299,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Many (if not all) server side technology can solve your problem: CGI, Java Servlet, NodeJS, Python, PHP etc. \nThe steps are: \n\nIn browser, upload file via AJAX request.\nIn server, receive file sent from browser, save it somewhere in server disk.\nAfter file is saved, invoke your python script to handle the file.\n\nAs your current script is written by Python, I guess Python is the best choice for server side technology.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,jquery,python,ajax,http","A_Id":42662740,"CreationDate":"2017-03-07T23:29:00.000","Title":"Start python script from client side","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"My question is: \nhow to join my telegram bot to a telegram public channel that I am not administrator of it, and without asking the channel's admin to add my bot to the channel?\nmaybe the chatId of channel or thru link of channel?\nThank you in advance :)\nedit------\nI have heard that some people claim to do this join their bot to channels, and scrape data.\nSo if Telegram does not allow it, how can they do it? can you think of any work around?\nAppreciate your time?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":24623,"Q_Id":42674340,"Users Score":10,"Answer":"Till today, only the Channel Creator can add a bot (as Administrator or Member) to the Channel, whether public or private. Even the other Channel Administrators cannot add a normal member leave alone adding a bot, rather they can only post into the channel.\nAs far as joining the bot via the invite link, there is yet no such method in Bot API to do so. All such claims of adding the bot to a channel by non Creator are false.","Q_Score":16,"Tags":"python,telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":42696153,"CreationDate":"2017-03-08T14:44:00.000","Title":"How to join my Telegram Bot to PUBLIC channel","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am attempting to write an endpoint in Python Flask that requires inputs from 2 users to run the function. I would like to have it so that user 1 would send a request with inputs to the backend and then wait for user 2 to send inputs as well. The endpoint would then calculate a result and output it to both users. What is the most efficient way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":124,"Q_Id":42715005,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is best done by some asynchronous mechanism. The best solution will depend on your exact use-case.\n\nWebhook - If user 1 and user 2 are other applications using your api, the simplest way would be with a webhook mechanism. Where user 1 and user 2 would subscribe to the api by depositing a url that your application calls with the results once both inputs are sent.\nPolling - You provide an endpoint that both users need to poll to check if the api is ready to send back the results.\nEmail - You simply email both users the results once you receive both inputs. Or SMS, or IM message ...\nPersistent connections - With a mechanism like websockets or http2 push. You can achieve this with a python application. But it this is the most complex solution and in most cases not needed.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,flask","A_Id":42715400,"CreationDate":"2017-03-10T09:39:00.000","Title":"Multiple Users Connecting to an API Endpoint","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to develop an application that takes as input an url of an e-commerce website and scrap the products titles, prices with the categories and sub-categories.\nScrapy seems like a good solution for scraping data, so my question is how can I tell scrapy where the titles, prices, cat and sub categories are to extract them knowing that websites have different structures and don't really use the same tags?\nEDIT: I gotta change my question to this, can't we write a generic spider that takes the start url, allowed domains, and xpath or css selectors as arguments?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1132,"Q_Id":42716807,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Categories and subcategories are usually in the breadcrumbs.\nIn general the css selector for those will be .breadcrumb a and that will probably work for 80% of modern e-commerce websites.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scrapy,web-crawler,e-commerce,screen-scraping","A_Id":42729874,"CreationDate":"2017-03-10T11:02:00.000","Title":"Scraping products data with categories from e-commerce","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have been updating about 1000 sheets using Python. Each takes about 2-3 minutes to update. The job ran most of the day yesterday (~8hrs). And when I look at my quotas for Google Sheets API in console.developers.google.com, I have used about 3k in the read group and 4k in the write group. Not nearly close to the 40k quota that is given. \nNow all of the 1000 sheets interact with one sheet because all of the keys are on that one sheet. \nIn fact, I have tried using 2 different project sign ins, one through my company domain and one through my gmail, that both have access to these files. When I run it with the company credentials. It also gives me a HttpError 429, and 0 requests have been made with that credential. \nIs there some hidden quota I don't know about? Like calls to one spreadsheet? That's what it seems like. Google, are you cutting me off to the spreadsheet because I accessed it for 8hrs yesterday?\nIt is bombing on spreadsheets().values().update and spreadsheets().batchUpdate","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10665,"Q_Id":42735670,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I had this issue with a long-running script...I am putting batches of data in spreadsheets, and every 100k rows I start on a new spreadsheet. The data is rolled up on a separate spreadsheet using IMPORTRANGE(). the first 3 were fine but the 4th was bombing with the \"Resource has been exhausted\" error. I noticed that when I saw this error, the IMPORTRANGE() was also failing in the browser. The error must be indicating something wrong with the server where the spreadsheet is stored\/served, and is not API-related. Switching to a new spreadsheet fixed the error for me.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,google-sheets,google-sheets-api,quota","A_Id":59957826,"CreationDate":"2017-03-11T13:18:00.000","Title":"Google sheets API v4: HttpError 429. \"Resource has been exhausted (e.g. check quota).\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to use ANTLR4 with Python 2.7 and for this I did the following:\n\nI installed the package antlr4-4.6-1 on Arch Linux with sudo pacman -S antlr4.\nI wrote a MyGrammar.g4 file and successfully generated Lexer and Parser Code with antlr4 -Dlanguage=Python2 MyGrammar.g4\nNow executing for example the generated Lexer code with python2 MyGrammarLexer.py results in the error ImportError: No module named antlr4. \n\nWhat could to be the problem? FYI: I have both Python2 and Python3 installed - I don't know if that might cause any trouble.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13812,"Q_Id":42737716,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The problem was that antlr4 was only installed for Python3 and not Python2. I simply copied the antlr4 files from \/usr\/lib\/python3.6\/site-packages\/ to \/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/site-packages\/ and this solved the problem!","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,antlr,antlr4","A_Id":42750891,"CreationDate":"2017-03-11T16:33:00.000","Title":"No module named antlr4","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to get the INSPECT ELEMENT data of a website. Let's say Truecaller. So that i can get the Name of the person who's mobile number I searched.\nBut whenever i make a python script it gives me the PAGE SOURCE that does not contain the required information.\nKindly help me. I am a beginner so kindly excuse me of any mistake in the question.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3156,"Q_Id":42757866,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"INSPECT ELEMENT and VIEW PAGE SOURCE are not the same. \nView source shows you the original HTML source of the page. When you view source from the browser, you get the HTML as it was delivered by the server, not after javascript does its thing.\nThe inspector shows you the DOM as it was interpreted by the browser. This includes for example changes made by javascript which cannot be seen in the HTML source.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,python-2.7,dom","A_Id":42757939,"CreationDate":"2017-03-13T06:46:00.000","Title":"How do I get the data of a website as shown in INSPECT ELEMENT and not in VIEW PAGE SOURCE?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to get the INSPECT ELEMENT data of a website. Let's say Truecaller. So that i can get the Name of the person who's mobile number I searched.\nBut whenever i make a python script it gives me the PAGE SOURCE that does not contain the required information.\nKindly help me. I am a beginner so kindly excuse me of any mistake in the question.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3156,"Q_Id":42757866,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"what you see in the element inspector is not the source-code anymore.\nYou see a javascript manipulated version.\nInstead of trying to execute all the scripts on your own which may lead into multiple problems like cross origin security and so on,\nsearch the network tab for the actual search request and its parameters. \nThen request the data from there, that is the trick.\nAlso it seems like you need to be logged in to search on the url you provided so you need to eventually adapt cookie\/session\/header and stuff, just like a request from your browser would.\nSo what i want to say is, better analyse where the data you look for is coming from if it is not in the source","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,python-2.7,dom","A_Id":42758772,"CreationDate":"2017-03-13T06:46:00.000","Title":"How do I get the data of a website as shown in INSPECT ELEMENT and not in VIEW PAGE SOURCE?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to use ZEEP v1.2.0 to connect to some service and ran into this issue.\nI just execute: python -mzeep http:\/\/fulfill.sfcservice.com\/default\/svc\/wsdl\nResult:\nzeep.exceptions.LookupError: No type 'string' in namespace\nhttp:\/\/www.chinafulfill.com\/CffSvc\/. Available types are: [...]\nAm I missing anything here to test this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":996,"Q_Id":42759735,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No this is a bug in the WSDL file, It defines an element with type \"tns:string\", I assume they meant \"xsd:string\".\nSee the following line in the wsdl:","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,soap,wsdl,zeep","A_Id":42760121,"CreationDate":"2017-03-13T09:00:00.000","Title":"ZEEP WSDL LookupError: No type 'string' in namespace","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can you with Python 2.7 and Selenium read the POST or GET request that the driver send when the driver clicks on a button that send some request? And is it also possible to read the response?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":754,"Q_Id":42774789,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know whether some libraries will do this for you. But I think you can simply set up a thread to run something like tcpdump to capture all HTTP package and store them somewhere while the test is running on the main process. \nYou can start the thread before clicking the buttons and do some analysis on the captured packages after your test to get those packages containing the request you want.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,selenium,request,http-post","A_Id":42774970,"CreationDate":"2017-03-13T22:44:00.000","Title":"Python Selenium, read POST\/GET Request when clicking a button","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"in aws cli we can set output format as json or table. Now I can get json output from json.dumps is there anyway could achieve output in table format? \nI tried pretty table but no success","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":980,"Q_Id":42787327,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Python Boto3 does not return the data in the tabular format. You will need to parse the data and use another python lib to output the data in the tabular format . Pretty table works good for me, read the pretty table lib docs and debug your code.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"json,python-2.7,boto3,aws-cli,prettytable","A_Id":42952740,"CreationDate":"2017-03-14T13:27:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to get Boto3 | python output in tabular format","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need implement a uploading function which can continue from the point from last interruption via sftp. \nI'm trying paramiko. but I cannot fond any example about this. Can anybody give me some advices?\nBest regards","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":42802024,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"SFTP.open(mode='a') opens a file in appending mode. So first you can call SFTP.stat() to get the current size of the file (on remote side) and then open(mode='a') it and append new data to it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sftp,paramiko","A_Id":42807503,"CreationDate":"2017-03-15T05:53:00.000","Title":"can paramiko has the function to implememt uploading continue from the point from last interruption","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to send an image from node js script to python script using python-shell. From what I know, I should use binary format. \nI know that in python side I can use this 2 functions:\nimport sys\nsys.stdout.write() and sys.stdin.read()\nBut I am not sure how the node js side gonna be? (Which functions can I use and how can I use them?)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":631,"Q_Id":42804006,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I tried to encode the image and send it but It did not work. So I used Socket programming instead and It worked wonderfully.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,node.js","A_Id":42963477,"CreationDate":"2017-03-15T08:00:00.000","Title":"Sending Images from nodejs to Python script via standard input\/output","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am downloading an .apk file from a link.\nI open browser > Go to URL > Chrome browser is displayed.\nHow do I click on \"OK\" from the alert.\nI am using AppiumLibrary.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":480,"Q_Id":42817322,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"capabilities.setCapability(\u201cautoAcceptAlerts\u201d,true);","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"android,appium,robotframework,python-appium","A_Id":62967696,"CreationDate":"2017-03-15T17:59:00.000","Title":"Handle browser alert\/pop up in Robot framework + appium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm developing a custom packet sniffer in Python3.\nIt does not have to be platform independant. I'm using Linux.\nThe method I use is to recvfrom() from a socket (AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW).\nIt works fine but I have problem with info returned by recvfrom().\nrecvfrom() returns a tuple with 5 components.\nExample: ('eno1', 2054, 0, 1, b'\\x00!\\x9b\\x16\\xfa\\xd1')\nHow do I interpret the last 4 components?\nWhere is it documented?\nI prefer not to use libpcap or scapy.\nOK! here's a code fragment:\n    s = socket.socket( socket.AF_PACKET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.ntohs(0x0003))    ...    packet,pktAdr = s.recvfrom(65565)\n    print( 'pktAdr:'+str(pktAdr))  \nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":873,"Q_Id":42821309,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It's not documented on  docs.python.org so I did some research.\nI'm now in a position to answer to myself.  \nThe tuple returned by recvfrom is similar to a sockaddr_ll structure returned by the Linux kernel.\nThe tuple contains 5 components:\n - [0]: interface name (eg 'eth0')\n - [1]: protocol at the physical level (defined in linux\/if_ether.h)\n - [2]: packet type (defined in linux\/if_packet.h)\n - [3]: ARPHRD (defined in linux\/if_arp.h)\n - [4]: physical address\nThe example provided in  the question can be decoded into:\n - 'eno1'\n - ARP protocol (0x806)\n - Incoming packet\n - Ethernet frame\n - MAC address\nIn case of a WiFi interface in monitor mode, the [3] element would be 803 (meaning 'IEEE802.11 + RadioTap header').  \nHope this will help somebody","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,sockets,packet-sniffers","A_Id":45215859,"CreationDate":"2017-03-15T21:47:00.000","Title":"How to interpret result of recvfrom (raw socket)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How should be the timeout of the socket be estimated in a stop-and-wait protocol over UDP? Can it be just any arbitrary integer multiple of the round-trip-time (RTT)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1651,"Q_Id":42871248,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Ideally, you want the timeout to be equal to the exact time it takes from the moment you've sent a packet, until the moment you receive the acknowledgement from the other party - this pretty much the RTT.\nBut it's almost impossible to know the exact ideal timeout in advance, so we have to guess. Let's consider what happens if we guess wrong.\nIf we use a timeout which happens to be lower than the actual RTT, we'll timeout before the ack had time to arrive. This is known as a premature timeout, and it's bad - we're re-transmitting a packet even though the transmission was successful.\nIf we use a timeout which happens to be higher than the actual RTT, it'll take us longer to identify and re-transmit a lost packet. This is also bad - we could have identified the lost packet earlier and re-transmitted it.\nNow, about your question:\n\nCan it be just any arbitrary integer multiple of the round-trip-time\n  (RTT)?\n\nFirst of all, the answer is yes. You could use any positive integer, from 1 to basically infinity. Moreover, you don't even have to use an integer, what's wrong with a multiplier of x2.5? \nBut what's important is to understand is what would happen with different multipliers. If you pick a low multiplier such as 1, you'd run into quite a few premature timeouts. If you pick a large number, such as 100, you'd have many late timeout, which will cause your transmissions to halt for long periods of time.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,network-programming,udp","A_Id":42891009,"CreationDate":"2017-03-18T06:24:00.000","Title":"Setting timeout in Stop-and-Wait protocol in UDP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to work with the Google contacts API using Python 3.5, this presents an issue because the gdata library that is supposed to be used is not up to date for use with Python 3.5. I can use oAuth2 to grab the contact data in JSON and use that in my project, but part of the application is also adding a contact into the users contact list. I cannot find any documentation on this part, besides using the Gdata library, something I cannot do. The majority of project requires Python 3 so, switching to Python 2 would just not be something I could easily do. Is there any further documentation or a work around using the gdata library with Python 3? I'm actually very surprised that the contacts API seems so thinly supported on Python. If anyone has any further information it would be much appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":715,"Q_Id":42891919,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For me I had to install like pip install git+https:\/\/github.com\/dvska\/gdata-python3 (without the egg). Since the package itself contains src dir. Otherwise import gdata would fail. (python 3.6.5 in virtual env)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,google-contacts-api","A_Id":52516469,"CreationDate":"2017-03-19T20:32:00.000","Title":"Python 3.5 support for Google-Contacts V3 API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to work with the Google contacts API using Python 3.5, this presents an issue because the gdata library that is supposed to be used is not up to date for use with Python 3.5. I can use oAuth2 to grab the contact data in JSON and use that in my project, but part of the application is also adding a contact into the users contact list. I cannot find any documentation on this part, besides using the Gdata library, something I cannot do. The majority of project requires Python 3 so, switching to Python 2 would just not be something I could easily do. Is there any further documentation or a work around using the gdata library with Python 3? I'm actually very surprised that the contacts API seems so thinly supported on Python. If anyone has any further information it would be much appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":715,"Q_Id":42891919,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"GData Py3k version: pip install -e git+https:\/\/github.com\/dvska\/gdata-python3#egg=gdata","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,google-contacts-api","A_Id":44453995,"CreationDate":"2017-03-19T20:32:00.000","Title":"Python 3.5 support for Google-Contacts V3 API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to get a list of all tweets sent to a twitter user?\nI know I can get all tweets sent by the user using api.GetUserTimeline(screen_name='realDonaldTrump'), but is there a way to retrieve tweets to that user?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":397,"Q_Id":42937469,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use: api.GetSearch(raw_query='q=to%3ArealDonaldTrump')","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"twitter,python-twitter","A_Id":44587156,"CreationDate":"2017-03-21T20:24:00.000","Title":"Get all tweets to user python-twitter","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can please telle me if there are any way to parse an XML file(size = 600M) with unstagle \/python\nIn Fact I use untangle.parse(file.xml) and I got error message :\nProcess finished with exit code 137\nIS there any way to parse this file by bloc for example or other option used by the function untangle.parse() or a specific linux configuration...?\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":428,"Q_Id":42972563,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"It's possible to use sax with untangle?, mean that I load the file by sax and read it by untangle , because I have a lot of code wrote using untagle and I developped since long times , and I don't want to restart from scratch\nThanks","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,linux,fedora","A_Id":42973365,"CreationDate":"2017-03-23T09:52:00.000","Title":"Parsing Huge XML Files With 600M","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python application that uses eventlet Green thread (pool of 1000 green threads) to make HTTP connections. Whenever the client fired more than 1000 parallel requests ETIMEDOUT occurs. Can anyone help me out with the possible reason?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":194,"Q_Id":42977272,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Most likely reason in this case: DNS server request throttling. You can easily check if that's the case by eliminating DNS resolving (request http:\/\/{ip-address}\/path, don't forget to add proper Host: header). If you do web crawling these steps are not optional, you absolutely must:\n\ncontrol concurrency automatically (without human action) based on aggregate (i.e. average) execution time. This applies at all levels independently. Back off concurrent DNS requests if you get DNS responses slower. Back off TCP concurrency if you get response speed (body size \/ time) slower. Back off overall request concurrency if your CPU is overloaded - don't request more than you can process.\nretry on temporary failures, each time increase wait-before-retry period, search backoff algorithm. How to decide if an error is temporary? Mostly research, trial and error.\nrun local DNS server, find and configure many upstreams\n\nNext popular problem with high concurrency that you'll likely face is OS limit of number of open connections and file descriptors. Search sysctl somaxconn and ulimit nofile to fix those.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rest,http,networking,eventlet","A_Id":42987615,"CreationDate":"2017-03-23T13:20:00.000","Title":"ETIMEDOUT occurs when client(jmeter) fired more than 1000 parallel HTTP requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using the socket library to emulate sending packets over the network.\nDocumentation for socket.settimeout() method says..\n\n... socket.settimeout(value) \n  Set a timeout on blocking socket\n  operations. The value argument can be a nonnegative float expressing\n  seconds, or None. If a float is given, subsequent socket operations\n  will raise a timeout exception if the timeout period value has elapsed\n  before the operation has completed. Setting a timeout of None disables\n  timeouts on socket operations. s.settimeout(0.0) is equivalent to\n  s.setblocking(0); s.settimeout(None) is equivalent to\n  s.setblocking(1).\n\nWhat exactly are the blocking socket operations? Is it just recv* calls, or does it also include send calls?\nThank you in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":641,"Q_Id":42983291,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Blocking operations are operations which can not fully handled locally but where it might need to wait for the peer of the connection. For TCP sockets this includes therefore obviously accept, connect and recv. But it also includes send: send might block if the local write socket buffer is full, i.e. no more data can be written to it. In this case it must wait for the peer to receive and acknowledge enough data so that these data get removed from the write buffer and there is again room to write new data.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":42983798,"CreationDate":"2017-03-23T17:43:00.000","Title":"Python socket - what exactly are the \"blocking\" socket operations?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm getting started with websockets. Trying to write a python server for a browser based (javascript) client.\nI have also never really done asynchronous programming before (except \"events\"). I was trying to avoid it - I have searched and searched for an example of websocket use that did not involve importing tornado or asyncio. But I've found nothing, even the \"most basic examples\" do it.\nSo now I'm internalising it, but clear it up for me - is \"full duplex\" server code necessarily asynchronous?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":93,"Q_Id":42988519,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Full-duplex servers are necessarily concurrent. In Tornado and asyncio, concurrency is based on the asynchronous programming model, so if you use a websocket library based on one of those packages, your code will need to be asynchronous. \nBut that's not the only way: full-duplex websockets could be implemented in a synchronous way by dedicating a thread to reading from the connection (in addition to whatever other threads you're using). I don't know if there are any python websocket implementations that support this kind of multithreading model for full-duplex, but that's how Go's websocket implementation works for example.\nThat said, the asynchronous\/event-driven model is a natural fit for websockets (it's how everything works on the javascript side), so I would encourage you to get comfortable with that model instead of trying to find a way to work with websockets synchronously.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,websocket,tornado,python-asyncio","A_Id":43017774,"CreationDate":"2017-03-23T22:59:00.000","Title":"Does server code involving both sending and receiving have to be asynchronous?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my work place, we have a Dymo printer that picks up data from a database and place it in a template label that I made, it prints with python automatically with a program.\nRecently we bought a Zebra Thermal Printer, and I need to update the program to do the same thing, but with the Zebra printer.\nI was looking around, and I found the ZebraDesigner for XML and I design a few labels like the ones I need it, but the zebra package for python is not able to print XML format, and I tried to print .lbl format but I wasn't able.\nNote that .lbl files can't be edit as a text... And I need to do this...\nIs there any solution?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2011,"Q_Id":42995988,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Finally I found a way to make this.\nWith ZebraDesigner (not pro) I design the label template to my automated labels and I export to a file changing the route of the printer in Windows Preferences.\nWith the Online ZPL viewer of Labelary and minimum knowledges of ZPL (always with the manual near) I modified the label to make it editable on python with the use of .format() and {0},{1}, etc.\nAnd finally done this, I call a batch with the command PRINT 'FILE' 'ZEBRAPORT' like PRINT C:\\FILE.ZPL USB003 to print the specific modified label.\nIf someone want specific code of how I do this please, just ask me.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,xml,printing,zebra-printers","A_Id":43110314,"CreationDate":"2017-03-24T09:40:00.000","Title":"Print XML on Zebra printer using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I use microsoft bot framework and a flask based bot server in my application.\nWhen someone installs the bot, the Botframework stores the JSON POSTed by slack, including data like SLACK_TEAM_ID, SLACK_USER_ID and BOT_ACCESS_TOKEN. Its great, that from this point whenever, an user mentions or directmessages the botuser, the Bot Framework POSTs a JSON to the flask server.\nWhat I would like is, right when the user installs the bot, the Bot Framework does a POST call to the flask server, so that I can (say) congratulate the user for installing my bot. \nIn short: How to get my flask application notified as to who installs my bot as soon as they install it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51,"Q_Id":43002043,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"ConversationUpdate should be sent any time a bot is added to a channel with a user in it. Are you not seeing that on install?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rest,botframework","A_Id":43031505,"CreationDate":"2017-03-24T14:26:00.000","Title":"How can my bot server know INSTANTLY when someone installed the bot using Add-to-slack button?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Using the python coinbase API-- The functions-- get_buy_price, get_sell_price, get_spot_price, get_historical_data, etc... all seem to return bitcoin prices only. Is there a way of querying Ethereum prices? \nIt would seem that currency_pair = 'BTC-USD' could be changed to something akin to currency_pair = 'ETH-USD' although this has no effect.\nI would expect that the API simply doesn't support this, except that the official documentation explicitly states: \n\nGet the total price to buy one bitcoin or ether \n\nI can work around this somewhat by using the quote='true' flag in the buy\/sell request. This however only works moving forward, I would like historical data.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":9048,"Q_Id":43037896,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Something worked for me with a similar problem calling exchange rates.\nTry changing the params in \n\ncoinbase\\wallet\\client.py\n\nfrom \n\nresponse = self._get('v2', 'prices', 'spot', data=params)\n\nto\n\nresponse = self._get('v2', 'prices', 'spot', params=params)","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,ethereum,coinbase-api","A_Id":48160272,"CreationDate":"2017-03-27T04:21:00.000","Title":"Historical ethereum prices - Coinbase API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to install selenium webdriver as a python project dependence.\nI need this in such a way, so when this project goes to a os, that doesn't have selenium webdriver installed not to be an issue for this project to run properly on that os.\nThank you in advance.\nPS: Please take a look at my own answer to this question.\nStefan","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1572,"Q_Id":43039601,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is how I have done for all my projects. \n\nCreate a text file which has all the project dependencies mentioned. make sure you mentioned version as well. \nExample: requirement.txt\n\npytest==2.9.1    \nselenium==2.35.1\n\nCreate a Shell script or batch file which, creates a new virtual environment, installs all the dependencies and run the tests.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":43041354,"CreationDate":"2017-03-27T06:48:00.000","Title":"Adding selenium webdriver as a python project dependence","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"People of Earth! Hello. As I can see in the docs, I'm able to download only one file using one API request. In order to download 10 files - I have to make 10 requests that makes me sad... Google Drive UI allows us to download archived files after selecting files and clicking on \"download\". Is there the same feature in the API that would allow me to download the desired number of files at once? I need Google Drive API to compress files and let me download an archive.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":332,"Q_Id":43050388,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No there isn't. I believe (haven't tested it) that Google will respect Accept-Encoding: gzip for content downloads.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"google-api,google-drive-api,google-api-client,google-api-python-client","A_Id":43052062,"CreationDate":"2017-03-27T15:22:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to force Google Drive API to compress files and let me download an archive?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to reverse engineer Selenium WebDriver to write my tests for me as I use it. This would entail opening a WebDriver on screen, and clicking around and using it as normal. It will output instructions like self.driver.find_element_by_id('username-box') or whatnot for me, instead of the time-wasting of right-clicking the \"Inspect element\" each time I write a test.\nIdeally this will give me a nice xpath which is more exact. How do I retrieve the Xpath\/way to recreate actions when manually using Selenium WebDriver?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":43,"Q_Id":43051032,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As Nameless said, it won't solve the \"make me an efficient XPath\", etc. problem that you are talking about but you can install Selenium IDE (a FF plugin) and record your scenarios and then export them into various languages. It doesn't write the best code but you can get an idea of what it does with a quick download and install.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":43053997,"CreationDate":"2017-03-27T15:53:00.000","Title":"How to retrieve HTML information about specific actions using WebDriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am thinking to use AWS API Gateway and AWS Lambda(Python) to create a serverless API's , but while designing this i was thinking of some aspects like pagination,security,caching,versioning ..etc \nso my question is: \nWhat is the best approach performance & cost wise to implement API pagination with very big data (1 million records)? \n\nshould i implement the pagination in postgresql db? (i think this\nwould be slow)\nshould i not use postgresql db pagination and just cache all the results i get from db into aws elastic cache and then do server side pagination in lambda.\n\nI appreciate your help guys.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1679,"Q_Id":43113198,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"If your data is going to live in a postgresql data base anyway I would start with your requests hitting the database and profile the performance. You've made assumptions about it being slow but you haven't stated what your requirements for latency are or what your schema is, so any assertions people would make about whether or not it would fit your case is completely speculative.\nIf you do decide that after profiling that it is not fast enough, than adding a cache would make sense, though storing the entire contents in the cache seems wasteful unless you can guarantee your clients will always iterate through all results. You may want to consider a mechanism that prefetches blocks of data that would service a few requests rather than trying to cache the whole data.\nTL;DR : Don't prematurely optimize your solution. Quantify how you want your system to respond and test and validate your assumptions.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,postgresql,amazon-web-services,aws-lambda,aws-api-gateway","A_Id":43126859,"CreationDate":"2017-03-30T09:04:00.000","Title":"AWS API Gateway & Lambda - API Pagination","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Today I'm dealing with a Python3 script that has to do a http post request and send a mail.\nThe Python script is launched on a Windows PC that is in a corporate network protected by Forefront.\nThe user is logged with his secret credentials and can access to the internet through a proxy.\nLike the other non-Microsoft applications (i.e. Chrome), I want my script to connect to the internet without prompt the user for his username and password.\nHow can I do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":43122092,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"On Microsoft OSes, the authentication used is Kerberos, so you won't be able to use directly your ID + password.\nI'm on Linux, so I can't test it directly but I think that you can create a proxy with fiddler which can negociate the authentication for you, and you can use this proxy with python.\nFiddler's Composer will automatically respond to authentication challenges (including the Negotiate protocol which wraps Kerberos) if you tick the Authentication box on the Options subtab, in the menus.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python,windows,python-3.x,proxy,ldap","A_Id":43866290,"CreationDate":"2017-03-30T15:25:00.000","Title":"A Python script, a proxy and Microsoft Forefront - Auto-Authentication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to implement the following in Python but not sure where to start. Are there good modules for shortest path problems of this type?\nI am trying to define the shortest path from a particular atom (node) to all other atoms (nodes) in a given collection of xyz coordinates for a 3D chemical structure (the graph). The bonds between the atoms (nodes) are the edges for which travel from node to node is allowed.\nI am trying to filter out certain atoms (nodes) from the molecule (graph) based on the connectivity outward from a selected central node.\n**For the paths considered, I want to FORBID certain atoms (nodes) from being crossed. If the shortest path from A to B is through forbidden node, this answer is disallowed. The shortest path from A to B must not include the forbidden node **\nIf the shortest path from the selected centre atom (A) to another other node(B) INCLUDES the forbidden node, AND there is no other path available from A to B through the available edges (bonds), then node B should be deleted from the final set of xyz coordinates (nodes) to be saved.\nThis should be repeated for A to C, A to D, A to E, etc. for all other atoms (nodes) in the structure (graph).\nThanks in advance for any help you can offer.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":380,"Q_Id":43140267,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Make sure all edges that would lead to the forbidden node(s) have an infinite cost, and whichever graph-traversing algorithm you use will deal with it automatically. \nAlternatively, just remove the forbidden nodes from being considered by the graph traversal algorithm.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,graph,shortest-path,chemistry,cheminformatics","A_Id":43140304,"CreationDate":"2017-03-31T12:05:00.000","Title":"Calculating shortest path from set node to all other nodes, with some nodes forbidden from path","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to selenium. I have this situation and i don't know how to solve it:\n\nIf i use direct link in driver.get() i can find and count elements w\/o problems using:\n\n\nelement.driver.find_elements_by_xpath();\nprint(len(element))\n\n\nI get correct printed result\n\nif I use home page instead in driver.get():\n\n\nlocate search button;\nsend keys and submit;\nelement.driver.find_elements_by_xpath();\nprint(len(element))\n\n\nTest is passed but result is 0. Any idea what I'm doing wrong?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":82,"Q_Id":43214668,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to wait after the action before you validate.  Web drivers provide \"wait conditions\" that you can use to validate you reached your desired checkpoint before performing other validation operations.\nWe are not talking about system waits, we are talking about wait conditions where the driver can poll the browser until a given condition is met.  There are many conditions and many options for these, and you will need them fairly universally to accomplish your goals.  That is why I'm not providing an example.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":43214788,"CreationDate":"2017-04-04T18:13:00.000","Title":"Python Selenium: Geting different results using driver.find_elements","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a telegram bot for a home project and i wish the bot only talk to 3 people, how can I do this?\nI thought to create a file with the chat id of each of us and check it before responding to any command, I think it will work. the bot will send the correct info if it's one of us and \"goodbye\" to any other\nBut is there any other way to block any other conversation with my bot?\nPd: I'm using python-telegram-bot","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":986,"Q_Id":43240152,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For the first part of your question you can make a private group and add your bot as one of its administrators. Then it can talk to the members and answer to their commands. \nEven if you don't want to do so, it is possible by checking the chatID of each update that the bot receives. If the chatID exists in the file, DataBase or even in a simple array the bot answers the command and if not it just ignores or sends a simple text like what you said good-bye.\n\nNote that bots cannot block people they can only ignore their\n  messages.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":43241747,"CreationDate":"2017-04-05T19:37:00.000","Title":"Telegram-bot user control","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've built an API that delivers live data all at once when a user submits a search for content. I'd like to take this API to the next level by delivering the API content to a user as the content is received instead of waiting for all of the data to be received before displaying. \nHow does one go about this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":92,"Q_Id":43269842,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"From your explanation \n\nWe're pulling our data from multiple sources with each user search.\n  Being directly connected to the scrapers for those sources, we display\n  the content as each scraper completes content retrieval. I was\n  originally looking to mimic this in the API, which is obviously quite\n  different from traditional pagination - hope this clarifies.\n\nSo you in your API, you want to \n\ntake query from user \ninitiate live scrapers\nget back the data to the user when scrapers finish the job !\n(correct me if im wrong)\n\nMy Answer\nThis might feel little complicated, but this is the best one I can think of.\n1. When user submits the query: \n1. Initiate the live scrapers in to celery queue (take care of the priority). \n2. Once the queue is finished, get back to the user with the information you have via sockets(this is how facebook or any website sends users notifications`. But in your case you will send the results html data in the socket.\n3. Since you will have the data already, moved into the db as you scraped, you will can paginate it like normal db.\nBut this approach gives you a lag of a few seconds or a minute to reply back to the user, meanwhile you keep theuser busy with something on the UI front.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,django,performance,api","A_Id":43271723,"CreationDate":"2017-04-07T04:47:00.000","Title":"Building an API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've built an API that delivers live data all at once when a user submits a search for content. I'd like to take this API to the next level by delivering the API content to a user as the content is received instead of waiting for all of the data to be received before displaying. \nHow does one go about this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":92,"Q_Id":43269842,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think the better way to apply it is setting limit in your query. For example, If you have 1000 of records in your database, then retrieving all data at once takes time. So, if a user search a word 'apple', you initially send the database request with limit 10. And, you can set pagination or scroll feature at your front-end. If the user click next page or scroll your page, you can again send the database request with another limit 10 so that the database read action will not take more time to read the limited data.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,django,performance,api","A_Id":43269984,"CreationDate":"2017-04-07T04:47:00.000","Title":"Building an API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I noticed that I sometimes get blocked while scraping because of a session cookie being used on too many pages.\nIs there a way to simply clear all cookies completely during crawling to get back to the initial state of the crawler?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":879,"Q_Id":43275741,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Facing the similar situation myself. I can get away easily here, but one idea that I have is to subclass CookieMiddleware and then write a method to tweak jar variable directly. It's dirty, but maybe is worth consideration.\nAnother option would be to write a feature request to at least have a function to clear the cookies. Can easily take another year to implement, if deemed needed at all, I don't particularly trust scrapy devs here.\nJust occured to me, that you can use your own cookiejar meta, and if you want to return to the clean state, you simply use different value (something like incrementing an integer would do).","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,cookies,scrapy","A_Id":44177895,"CreationDate":"2017-04-07T10:25:00.000","Title":"Clear cookies on scrapy completely instead of changing them","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How do I change the browser used by the view(response) command in the scrapy shell?  It defaults to safari on my machine but I'd like it to use chrome as the development tools in chrome are better.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1418,"Q_Id":43299688,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This fixed it for me:\nIf you're on windows 10, find or create a random html-file on your system.\n\nRight click the html-file\nOpen with\nChoose another app\nSelect your browser (e.g Google Chrome) and check the box \"Always use this app to open .html\"\n\nNow attempt to use view(response) in the Scrapy shell again and it should work.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":62831415,"CreationDate":"2017-04-08T19:51:00.000","Title":"How do I change the browser used by the scrapy view command?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I install the tor browser to make it useable in Python using Selenium?\nI have tried sudo apt-get install tor-browser, but I don't know where it gets installed, hence what to put in the PATH variable (or in executable-path).\nMy goal is to\n\ninstall Tor browser\nopen Tor Browser with Python Selenium\ngo to a website.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2433,"Q_Id":43322038,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To see your TorBrowser path and binary open Tor and under the three stripe menu on the top right go Help>Troubleshooting Information","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,ubuntu,tor","A_Id":64649803,"CreationDate":"2017-04-10T11:31:00.000","Title":"Ubuntu: Install tor browser & use it with Selenium Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm a newbie in automation testing. \nCurrently doing a manual testing and trying to automate the process with Selenium Webdriver using Pyhton.\nI'm creating a test suite which will run different scripts. Each script will be running tests on different functionality.\nAnd I got stuck.\nI'm working on financial web application. The initial scrip will create financial deal, and all other scripts will be testing different functionality on this deal.\nI'm not sure how to handle this situation. Should I just pass the URL from the first script (newly created deal) into all other scripts in the suite, so all the tests were run on the same deal, and didn't create a new one for each test? How do I do this?\nOr may be there is a better way to do this? \nDeeply appreciate any advise!!! Thank you!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":284,"Q_Id":43327551,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Preferably you would have each test be able to run in isolation. If you have a way to create the deal through an API or Database rather than creating one through the UI, you could call that for each test. And, if possible, also clean up that data after your test runs.\nIf this is not possible, you could also record some data from a test in a database, xml, or json file. Then your following tests could read in that data to get what it needs to run the test. In this case it would be some reference to your financial deal.\nThe 2nd option is not ideal, but might be appropriate in some cases.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":43327713,"CreationDate":"2017-04-10T15:43:00.000","Title":"How to run all the tests on the same deal. Selenium Webdriver + Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm a newbie in automation testing. \nCurrently doing a manual testing and trying to automate the process with Selenium Webdriver using Pyhton.\nI'm creating a test suite which will run different scripts. Each script will be running tests on different functionality.\nAnd I got stuck.\nI'm working on financial web application. The initial scrip will create financial deal, and all other scripts will be testing different functionality on this deal.\nI'm not sure how to handle this situation. Should I just pass the URL from the first script (newly created deal) into all other scripts in the suite, so all the tests were run on the same deal, and didn't create a new one for each test? How do I do this?\nOr may be there is a better way to do this? \nDeeply appreciate any advise!!! Thank you!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":284,"Q_Id":43327551,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There's a couple of approaches here that might help, and some of it depends on if you're using a framework, or just building from scratch using the selenium api.\n\nUse setup and teardown methods at the suite or test level.\n\nThis is probably the easiest method, and close to what you asked in your post.  Every framework I've worked in supports some sort of setup and teardown method out of the box, and even if it doesn't, they're not hard to write.  In your case, you've got a script that calls each of the test cases, so just add a before() method at the beginning of the suite that creates the financial deal you're working on.\nIf you'd like a new deal made for each individual test, just put the before() method in the parent class of each test case so they inherit and run it with every case.\n\nUse Custom Test Data\n\nThis is probably the better way to do this, but assumes you have db access or a good relationship with your dbm.  You generally don't want the success of one test case to rely on the success of another(what the first answer meant by isolaton).  If the creation of the document fails in some way, every single test downstream of that will fail as well, even though they're testing a different feature that might be working.  This results in a lot of lost coverage.\nSo, instead of creating a new financial document every time, speak to your DBM and see if it's possible to create a set of test data that either sits in your test db or is inserted at the beginning of the test suite.\nThis way you have 1 test that tests document creation, and X tests that verify it's functionality based on the test data, and those tests do not rely on each other.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":43328191,"CreationDate":"2017-04-10T15:43:00.000","Title":"How to run all the tests on the same deal. Selenium Webdriver + Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I had been using urllib2 to parse data from html webpages. It was working perfectly for some time and stopped working permanently from one website.\nNot only did the script stop working, but I was no longer able to access the website at all, from any browser. In fact, the only way I could reach the website was from a proxy, leading me to believe that requests from my computer were blocked.\nIs this possible? Has this happened to anyone else? If that is the case, is there anyway to get unblocked?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":608,"Q_Id":43334233,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It is indeed possible, maybe the sysadmin noticed that your IP was making way too many requests and decided to block it.\nIt could also be that the server has a limit of requests that you exceeded.\nIf you don't have a static IP, a restart of your router should reset your IP, making the ban useless.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib2,blocked","A_Id":43334265,"CreationDate":"2017-04-10T23:05:00.000","Title":"Python urllib2: Getting blocked from a website?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"xunitmerge create duplicate tests when merged the py.test results of two different set of tests.\nI have two test folders and ran them separately using py.test, which created results-1.xml &results-2.xml. after that i am merging as below.\nxunitmerge results-1.xml results-2.xml results.xml\nwhich created results.xml, when i publish the results using jenkins (publish xunit results) i see the tests recorded shown them as duplicate though the tests of results-1.xml and results-2.xml are unique.\nHow to avoid duplicate test results during merge?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":272,"Q_Id":43351833,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Check that you didn't include the original results-1.xml and results-2.xml file in the path that Jenkins scan for results.\nIf you're not sure about it, try to delete the origin files after the merge (and before running the xunit-report action)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,unit-testing,jenkins,pytest,xunit","A_Id":45173514,"CreationDate":"2017-04-11T16:47:00.000","Title":"xunitmerge does creates duplicate tests when merged the py.test results of two different set of tests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am raising Value Error in my API because the input parameter of a particular function is not valid like below\n\nPassword doesn't match\nUser doesn't exist in db or the value is negative \n\nClient provided valid argument as per the API norms so I think Client side error is not the case(400 series code).\nSo whether I have to return status code as 200 because that request is totally processed or there should be a http status code for this.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2334,"Q_Id":43363636,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"As there are various invalid types, you should use the most appropriate HTTP status code for each different situation, case by case.\nFor Password doesn't match, I think 403 Forbidden is the best choice.\nFor User doesn't exist in db, 204 No Content is the best one.\nFor value is negative, it depends on why value is negative.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,http-status-codes,valueerror","A_Id":43363842,"CreationDate":"2017-04-12T07:59:00.000","Title":"What is the http status code when Api raises ValueError?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am raising Value Error in my API because the input parameter of a particular function is not valid like below\n\nPassword doesn't match\nUser doesn't exist in db or the value is negative \n\nClient provided valid argument as per the API norms so I think Client side error is not the case(400 series code).\nSo whether I have to return status code as 200 because that request is totally processed or there should be a http status code for this.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2334,"Q_Id":43363636,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You should send another status code.\nA good example of a processed request which gives another status than 200 is the redirection 3xx. After submitting a form through a POST request, it is recommended that the server gives a 307 Temporary Redirect. However, the request was totally processed, and even succeeded.\nIn your case, something happened (an exception has been raised). Let the client know it by sending a adequate status. I would recommend 403 Forbidden or 401 Unauthorized.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,http,http-status-codes,valueerror","A_Id":43363778,"CreationDate":"2017-04-12T07:59:00.000","Title":"What is the http status code when Api raises ValueError?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am developing a customer care chat bot to resolve basic queries of customer for my e-commerce site. My order id is 13 digit long. To read queries like \n\n\"Please check my order status with id 9876566765432\"\n\napi.ai is unable to understand that it is order id. I have set entity type @sys.number. It is able to identify smaller number like 343434 etc. I have tried with @sys.number-integer, @sys.number-sequence but not working for long numbers. Pleas advise...","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":135,"Q_Id":43368500,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are using the enterprise edition you can use @sys.number-sequence.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,dialogflow-es","A_Id":54820198,"CreationDate":"2017-04-12T11:38:00.000","Title":"Unable to read very large number in api.ai as parameter","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How would I go about using the Google Custom Search API, using the python GCS library, to only return Google Shopping results?\nI have the basic implementation already for standard search queries, which searches the whole web and returns related sites, but how would I only return shopping results?\nThank You.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":463,"Q_Id":43379256,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There is a 'search outside of google'checkbox in the dashboard. you will get the same result after you check it. it takes me a while to find it out. the default sitting is only return search result inside of all google websites.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,google-api,google-custom-search,google-api-python-client","A_Id":43379411,"CreationDate":"2017-04-12T20:40:00.000","Title":"Google Custom Search Python Shopping Results Only?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is Celery mostly just a high level interface for message queues like RabbitMQ? I am trying to set up a system with multiple scheduled workers doing concurrent http requests, but I am not sure if I would need either of them. Another question I am wondering is where do you write the actual task in code for the workers to complete, if I am using Celery or RabbitMQ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3260,"Q_Id":43379554,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Celery is the task management framework--the API you use to schedule jobs, the code that gets those jobs started, the management tools (e.g. Flower) you use to monitor what's going on. \nRabbitMQ is one of several \"backends\" for Celery. It's an oversimplification to say that Celery is a high-level interface to RabbitMQ. RabbitMQ is not actually required for Celery to run and do its job properly. But, in practice, they are often paired together, and Celery is a higher-level way of accomplishing some things that you could do at a lower level with just RabbitMQ (or another queue or message delivery backend).","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,rabbitmq,celery","A_Id":43379719,"CreationDate":"2017-04-12T20:59:00.000","Title":"What is the relationship between Celery and RabbitMQ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am interacting with svg elements in a web page.\nI am able to locate the svg elements by xpath, but not able to click it, The error mentions that the methods like click(), onclick() are not available.\nAny suggestions of how can we make it clickable ? please advice ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":106,"Q_Id":43412779,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try to make use of Actions  or Robot class","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,svg,webdriver","A_Id":43422726,"CreationDate":"2017-04-14T13:42:00.000","Title":"SVG Elements: Able to locate elements using xpath but not able to click","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need telegram bot which can delete message in group channel\ni googled it  but did not find a solution\nCould you tell the library and the method for this, if you know, thank you in advance?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":14759,"Q_Id":43416724,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In the bot API 3.0 the method used is \"deleteMessage\" with parameters chat_id and message_id\nNot yet officially announced","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,bots,telegram","A_Id":43864589,"CreationDate":"2017-04-14T17:56:00.000","Title":"How to delete message on channel telegram?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have seen in Firebug that my browser sends requests even for all static files. This happened when I have enabled caching for static files.\nI also saw the server response with 304 status code.\nNow, my question:\nWhy should the browser send requests for all static files when the cache is enabled?\nIs there a way that the browser does not send any request for static files until the expiration of the cache?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":149,"Q_Id":43424090,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Browsers still send requests to the server in case the files are cached to get to know whether there are new contents to fetch. Note that the response code 304 comes from the server telling the browser that the contents it has cached are still valid, so it doesn't have to download them again.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"caching,browser,static,python-requests","A_Id":43425459,"CreationDate":"2017-04-15T08:50:00.000","Title":"Why does browser send requests for static files?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been using Google Trends for my project alongside a Python API called Pytrend. and it's due in soon. Today, just a couple of hours ago, suddenly, I'm unable to use Google Trends. Every time I search a word, I get the following error\nOops! There was a problem displaying this page.\nPlease try again\nHence Pytrends doesn't work either.\nI read that it maybe due to an ad blocker preventing access to Google Trends, but my anti-virus Norton 360 allows Google Chrome, and I don't have any Google Chrome extension ad blocker either.\nCan someone please help provide a solution? I need one really soon. Many thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1009,"Q_Id":43439795,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I got this error because I accessed Google Trends far more frequently than most people due to my project being centered on Pytrend's API.\nTherefore, Google presumably thought I was a bot or that my activity was suspicious.\nI simply restarted my modem, and Google Trends, and hence, Pytrends, now both work.\nSo simply restart your modem and possibly your computer as well just to be on the safe side. And it should work right after.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,google-trends","A_Id":43440788,"CreationDate":"2017-04-16T17:09:00.000","Title":"Google Trends not working on my computer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm having trouble understanding Intellij's import policy for python for import os. As far as I know, the import order is supposed to be standard library first, then third party packages, then company packages, and finally intra-package or relative imports.  For the most part Intellij orders everything correctly, but keeps pushing import os into third party packages. Am I missing smth? Isn't import os a standard library package?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":86,"Q_Id":43456232,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The answer I got from a co-worker a couple of years age is that os was originally a third-party package; IntelliJ left it where it is for some backward compatibility issue.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,intellij-idea","A_Id":43456673,"CreationDate":"2017-04-17T17:23:00.000","Title":"Intellij keeps re-ordering my `import os`","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This sends around 5 requests per second to the server. I need to send around 40 requests per second. The server does not limit my requests (I have run 10 instances of this Python script and it has worked) and my internet does not limit the requests.\nIt's my code which limits my requests per second.\nIs it possible to make my Python script send more requests?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2702,"Q_Id":43466412,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I agree with @anekix, using twisted is the best way to do it.\nYou need to know one thing, which ever method you use to 10000 HTTP request, there is open file descriptor limit, which is basically set to 1000 in Linux.\nWhat this mean is that you can have only 1000 concurrent TCP connections. However you can increase this from configurations \/etc\/security\/limits.conf in Linux","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7","A_Id":43467319,"CreationDate":"2017-04-18T07:40:00.000","Title":"What is the fastest way to send 10,000 HTTP requests in Python 2.7?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"OS: Windows 10\nI use an Ethernet switch to send UDP packets to two other systems (connected directly to that same switch) simultaneously via Python 3.4.4. The same code works on two other dev\/testing PC's so I know it's not the Python code, but for some reason it doesn't work on the PC that I want the system to be utilized by. \nWhen I use Wireshark to view the UDP traffic at 169.254.255.255 (the target IP for sending the UDP packets to), nothing appears. However, sending packets to 169.X.X.1 works. On the other hand, packets sent to 169.X.X.255 are sent, but I receive time-to-live exceeded messages in return. I am restricted to that target IP, so changing the IP is not a solution. I also have it sending on port 6000 (arbitrary), I have tried changing the port number to no avail. Also won't let me send to 169.254.255.1\nI have the firewalls turned off.\nThanks for your help.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3390,"Q_Id":43475468,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The strange thing about my problem, was that this exact code worked on the computer in question (and two development computers) previously, but wasn't working at the time that I posted this question.\nWireshark wasn't leading me to my answer (only showing me that the UDP packets were not sent), so I decided to ping the IP via the command prompt. I received one of two errors (destination host unreachable, or request timed out). These errors led me to adding my desired target IP (169.254.255.255) to the ARP cache,  which my problem was solved.\nI'd like to thank you for suggesting a possible solution.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"windows,python-3.x,udp,broadcast,blocked","A_Id":43671319,"CreationDate":"2017-04-18T14:50:00.000","Title":"Windows\/Python UDP Broadcast Blocked No Firewall","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm interested in trying a web scraping project. The target sites use Javascript to dynamically load and update content. Most of the discussion online concerning web scraping such sites indicates node.js, casper.js, phantom.js, and nightmare.js are all reasonably popular tools to use when attempting such a project. Node.js seems to be used most often. \nIf I am running a Flask server and wish to display the results of a node.js, for example, scrape in tabular format on my site, is this possible? Will I run into compatibility issues? Or should I try to stick it out with a python-based approach to scraping like BS4 for the sake of consistency? I ask because node.js is described as a server, so I assume a conflict would arise if I tried to use it and Flask simultaneously.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":160,"Q_Id":43485072,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you want to write a web scraper that executes javascript, node.js (with something like Phantom.js) is a great choice. Another popular choice is Selenium. You would need to simulate user actions to activate event handlers. Let's call this action \"scraping\". BS4 would not be appropriate because it cannot execute javascript.\nOnce you have your data saved to disk, displaying the results in HTML tabular form (let's call this action \"reporting\") would require yet another solution. Flask is a suitable choice.\nSince the scraping and reporting are separate concerns, no conflict would arise if you wanted to use the two services simultaneously. When using Selenium or node.js as a scraper, you aren't really running a web server. So it's incorrect to think of it as two web-servers in possible conflict.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,node.js,python-3.x,web-scraping","A_Id":43485536,"CreationDate":"2017-04-19T02:05:00.000","Title":"Does running a Flask web server preclude web scraping in Node.JS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How to check if the proxy have a high anonymity level or a transparent level in Python? \nI am writing a script to sort the good proxies but I want to filter only the high anonymity ones (elite proxies).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":784,"Q_Id":43493600,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Launch test site in the internet. It will perform only one operation: save received request with all the headers into a database or a file. Each request should have your signature to be sure it's yours original request.\nConnect with your Python script via proxy being tested to the site. Send all headers you want to see on that side.\nCheck data received - are there some headers or some date what can break your anonymity.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,proxy,anonymity","A_Id":43558215,"CreationDate":"2017-04-19T10:50:00.000","Title":"How to check proxy's anonymity level?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to make a .sln file for Visual Studio and in that process I am facing  a problem   \nFile \"socket.py\", line 47, in \n    import _socket\nImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.\nThis socket.py is present in Python27\/Lib folder. \nI have checked there is no other version of python installed which is clashing with Python27.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1145,"Q_Id":43542157,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Check your environment variable.  i think the PYTHONHOME variable may be pointing to the wrong directory","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,dll","A_Id":44690127,"CreationDate":"2017-04-21T11:58:00.000","Title":"File \"socket.py\", line 47, in  import _socket ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to make a .sln file for Visual Studio and in that process I am facing  a problem   \nFile \"socket.py\", line 47, in \n    import _socket\nImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.\nThis socket.py is present in Python27\/Lib folder. \nI have checked there is no other version of python installed which is clashing with Python27.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1145,"Q_Id":43542157,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"These kinds of problem generally happens when you have multiple virtual environments of  venv available in your system. \nCheck in the preferences of the visual studio \/ Any other IDE setting, they generally point to a particular venv .  \nChange it to point to the venv where this module is installed and then it work\nHope it helps\nThanks","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,dll","A_Id":53442821,"CreationDate":"2017-04-21T11:58:00.000","Title":"File \"socket.py\", line 47, in  import _socket ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to make a .sln file for Visual Studio and in that process I am facing  a problem   \nFile \"socket.py\", line 47, in \n    import _socket\nImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.\nThis socket.py is present in Python27\/Lib folder. \nI have checked there is no other version of python installed which is clashing with Python27.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1145,"Q_Id":43542157,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If the error is import _socket failed then the file _socket was not installed or it was deleted on mistake, I had the same problem and reinstalling python made stuff fine. As for _socket, its a .pyd file which will have some C code used by socket to code a class. If you did not understand this, open python IDLE and press alt and m together, then type socket, hit enter and the source code will open, scroll down until you see the code starting and you'll find the line import _socket.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,dll","A_Id":67999990,"CreationDate":"2017-04-21T11:58:00.000","Title":"File \"socket.py\", line 47, in  import _socket ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically I'm using python to send serial data to an arduino so that I can make moving dials using data from the game. This would work because you can use the url \"localhost:8111\" to give you a list of these stats when ingame. The problem is I'm using urllib and BeautifulSoup but they seem to be blindly reading the source code not giving the data I need.\nThe data I need comes up when I inspect the element of that page. Other pages seem to suggest that using something to run the HTML in python would fix this but I have found no way of doing this. Any help here would be great thanks.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":853,"Q_Id":43552146,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your problem might be that the page elements are Dynamic. (Revealed by JavaScript for example)\nWhy is this a problem? A: You can't access those tags or data. You'll have to use either a headless\/Automated browser ( Learn more about selenium ).\nThen make a session through selenium and keep feeding the data the way you wanted to the Arduino.\nSummary: If you inspect elements you can see the tag, if you go to view source you cant see it. This can't be solved using bs4 or requests alone. You'll have to use a module called Selenium or something similar.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,html,beautifulsoup,urllib","A_Id":43559174,"CreationDate":"2017-04-21T21:15:00.000","Title":"Trying to read data from War Thunder local host with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm wondering if there's an easy way (using python\/js\/html) to automatically select the form to insert credentials.\nBasically at the login-page you don't have to click the 'username' form and can type right away.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":63,"Q_Id":43606341,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"simply use 'autofocus' in input html <input type=\"text\" name=\"fname\" autofocus>","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":43606517,"CreationDate":"2017-04-25T09:12:00.000","Title":"Type your info without having to click the form","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The project I'm doing requires a server. But, with Bottle I can create only a localhost server. I want to be able to access it anywhere. What do I use? I know about pythonanywhere.com, but I'm not sure as to how to go about it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":63,"Q_Id":43613798,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"On PythonAnywhere, all you need to do is:\n\nSign up for an account, and log in.\nGo to the \"Web\" tab\nClick the \"Add a new web app\" button\nSelect \"Bottle\"\nSelect the Python version you want to use\nSpecify where you want your code files to be\n\n...and then you'll have a bottle server up and running on the Internet, with simple \"Hello world\" code behind it.  You can then change that to do whatever you want.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,server,bottle","A_Id":43635182,"CreationDate":"2017-04-25T14:40:00.000","Title":"How to create an online Bottle server accessible from any system?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a small programming game\/environment in Python to help my younger brother learn to code. It needs to operate over a network, and I am new to network programming. I am going to explain the concept of the game so that someone can point me in the best direction.\nThe idea is a simple grid of 25x25 'diodes,' squares with fixed positions and editable color values, essentially simulating a very small screen. In addition to the grid display, there is a command window, where Python code can be entered and sent to an instance of InteractiveConsole, and a chat window. A client needs to be able to send Python commands to the host, which will run the code, and then receive the output in the form of a string representing changes to the grid. My concept for doing this involves maintaining a queue on the host side of incoming and outgoing events to handle and relay to the clients on individual threads. Any given command\/chat event will be sent to the host and relayed to all clients, including the client who created the event, so that those events are visible to all clients in their command\/chat windows. All changes to the grid will originate with the host as a result of processing commands originated from clients and will also be sent out to all clients.\nWhat I primarily don't understand is how to synchronize between all clients, i.e. how to know when a given item in the queue has been successfully sent out to all clients before clearing it from the queue, since any individual thread doing so prematurely will prevent the item from being sent to other clients. This is an extremely open-ended question because I understand that I will definitely need to consume some learning materials before I'm ready to implement this. I'm not asking for a specific solution but rather for some guidance on what general type of solution could work in my situation. I'm doing this in my spare time, so I don't want to spend a month going through networking tutorials that aren't pointing me in a direction that will be applicable to this project.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":343,"Q_Id":43617007,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"My approach would be to use a udp server that can broadcast to multiple clients. So basically, all the clients would connect to this server during a game session, and the server would broadcast the game state to the clients as it is updated. Since your game is relatively simple this approach would give you real time updates.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,networking,server,multicast","A_Id":43617374,"CreationDate":"2017-04-25T17:10:00.000","Title":"How To Send Data To Multiple Clients From A Queue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For example, I am interested in gathering daily information on a specific NBA player.\nAs far as i know Google do not allow to scraping it results. Does Google offers other possibilities for machine queries? Are they Python Packages to preform those queries?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":70,"Q_Id":43620849,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Most search engines don't want you scraping their results, but they do offer alternatives:\n\nGoogle Custom Search\nGoogle Alerts\nBing API\n\nThere are also some services that sell access to what you want.  Off the top of my head, I know of:\n\nBrightplanet\nWebhose\n\n(I'm not affiliated with any of these, but I have used all of them in the past.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,web-crawler,scrapy-spider,bigdata","A_Id":43621692,"CreationDate":"2017-04-25T20:59:00.000","Title":"How to gather information on a given theme using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've some problem with Sockets UDP in Python:\nI've a software which receives a message in input from a socket and then do some elaborations before wait for another message from the socket.\nLet's suppose that in the meanwhile more messages arrive:\nIf I'm right, they go in a buffer (FIFO) and everytime I listen the socket, I read the oldest one, right?\nIs there a way to delete the buffer and everytime read the next message? I want to ignore all the oldest messages...\nAnother problem is that I've like a tons of message every seconds. How can I empty the buffer if they continue to fill it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2313,"Q_Id":43630471,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I also met the same problem. The solution I chose is to turn off socket when I don't need to receive data. Reopen it when I need it. So the data in the buffer is emptied.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,udp,buffer","A_Id":48019506,"CreationDate":"2017-04-26T09:41:00.000","Title":"UDP Socket in Python: How to clear the buffer and ignore oldes messages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any such library available which allow to run python code or any executable binary on the client machine using JavaScript. I have a strange scenario. All client machine use a web application hosted on a server, but authentication should be done using a device in the client machine using ttyUSB0 interface. Since it is not possible for a web application to access client machine, is it possible to create a client application using library like Pywebview which will allow to call that library directly from the web application using Javascript.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":43672788,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Can you not call a specific page of your web application (assuming your web application uses some web framework developed in python) via ajax with javascript and does this page execute a Python function (under the table)?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python","A_Id":43673110,"CreationDate":"2017-04-28T05:43:00.000","Title":"Call Python function from javascript inside client application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to create a python program which will listen to 2 websockets for unlimited time , websockets will be used as one way pipeline and each socket will store data in one variable when new data comes the old data will be replaced.\nWhat will be the best way to do it ? I was looking for Websocket server but i wonder if there is any easier way to just listen to 2 ports\/websockets.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3757,"Q_Id":43725625,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Using websockets and asyncio it is easy. Connect two sockets and run listeners on it. Depending on where message handling should happen, either in a forever running coroutine which handles messages on its own or by a higher level handler coroutine which asyncio.waits two listener tasks essentially awaiting ws.recv().","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,websocket,listener","A_Id":55833478,"CreationDate":"2017-05-01T19:59:00.000","Title":"Python websocket listener","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to create a python program which will listen to 2 websockets for unlimited time , websockets will be used as one way pipeline and each socket will store data in one variable when new data comes the old data will be replaced.\nWhat will be the best way to do it ? I was looking for Websocket server but i wonder if there is any easier way to just listen to 2 ports\/websockets.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3757,"Q_Id":43725625,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I need to listen to exactly 2 ports like for example 8888 and 8889 the data on ports will be true and false and i should be able to get data to main program ,  so i can do something if both ports are true for example.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,websocket,listener","A_Id":43742288,"CreationDate":"2017-05-01T19:59:00.000","Title":"Python websocket listener","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm doing a tweepy crawling.\nI want the program to run automatically every 12 hours\nCould you tell me the syntax?\nI'm doing it with Python, and I have all the tweepy crawling code.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":59,"Q_Id":43730867,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can try executing\/calling your program by the command line interface and schedule a task using the embedded in windows- Windows Scheduler. There are many alternatives but that is the easiest I found when I did  such task few months ago.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,twitter,save,tweepy","A_Id":43730944,"CreationDate":"2017-05-02T05:43:00.000","Title":"i want your help abut program to run automatically every 12 hours","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to get lifetime data from using facebookads api on python? I tried to use date_preset:lifetime and time_increment:1, but got a server error instead. And, then I found this on their website:\n\"We use data-per-call limits to prevent a query from retrieving too much data beyond what the system can handle. There are 2 types of data limits:\nBy number of rows in response, and\nBy number of data points required to compute the total, such as summary row.\"\nAny way I can do this? And, another question, is there like any way to pull raw data from facebook ad account, like a dump of all the data that resides on facebook for an ad account?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":108,"Q_Id":43731132,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The first thing is to try is to add the limit parameter, which limits the number of results returned per page. \nHowever, if the account has a large amount of history, the likelihood is that the total amount of data is too great, and in this case, you'll have to query ranges of data. \nAs you're looking for data by individual day, I'd start trying to query for month blocks, and if this is still too much data, query for each date individually.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook,facebook-graph-api,facebook-ads-api","A_Id":44020372,"CreationDate":"2017-05-02T06:05:00.000","Title":"Get all data since creation until today from ad account using facebook ads api for python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was using Behave and Selenium to test on something that use a large amount of data. Data tables were becoming too big and making the Gherkin documentation unreadable. \nI would like to move most of the data from data tables to external file such as JSON. But I couldn't find any examples on websites.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1133,"Q_Id":43736100,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I cannot offer an example at the moment, but I would create the JSON file as needed and give reference to the JSON file in Given or Background , then capture the value in the respective decorated method.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"json,selenium,cucumber,bdd,python-behave","A_Id":64931158,"CreationDate":"2017-05-02T10:53:00.000","Title":"Move Gherkin's (i.e. Cucumber and Behave) Data Table to JSON","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using boto3 and trying to upload files. It will be helpful if anyone will explain exact difference between file_upload() and put_object() s3 bucket methods in boto3  ?   \n\nIs there any performance difference?\nDoes anyone among these handles multipart upload feature in behind the scenes?\nWhat are the best use cases for both?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":16616,"Q_Id":43739415,"Users Score":51,"Answer":"The upload_file method is handled by the S3 Transfer Manager, this means that it will automatically handle multipart uploads behind the scenes for you, if necessary.\nThe put_object method maps directly to the low-level S3 API request. It does not handle multipart uploads for you. It will attempt to send the entire body in one request.","Q_Score":49,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto3","A_Id":43744495,"CreationDate":"2017-05-02T13:40:00.000","Title":"What is the Difference between file_upload() and put_object() when uploading files to S3 using boto3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been scratching my head trying to figure out if this is possible.\nI have a server program running with about 30 different socket connections to it from all over the country. I need to update this server program now and although the client devices will automatically reconnect, its not totally reliable.\nI was wondering if there is a way of saving the socket object to a file? then load it back up when the server restarts? or forcefully keeping a socket open even after the program stops. This way the clients never disconnect at all.\nCould really do with hot swappable code here really!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":370,"Q_Id":43739576,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think your critical question is how to hot reload.\nAnd as mentioned by @gavinb, you can import importlib and then use importlib.reload(module) to reload a module dynamically.\nBe careful, the parameter of reload(param) must be a module.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":43740468,"CreationDate":"2017-05-02T13:47:00.000","Title":"Python 3 Sockets - Can I keep a socket open while stopping and re-running a program?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How do you detect \"bounceed\" email replies and other automated responses for failed delivery attempts in Python?\nI'm implementing a simple server to relay messages between email and comments inside a custom web application. Because my comment model supports a \"reply to all\" feature, if two emails in a comment thread become invalid, there would possibly be an infinite email chain where my system would send out an email, get a bounceback email, relay this to the other invalid email, get a bounceback email, relay this back to the first, ad infinitum.\nI want to avoid this. Is there a standard error code used for bounced or rejected emails that I could check for, ideally with Python's imaplib package?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2370,"Q_Id":43782851,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Avoid reacting to messages whose Return-Path isn't in From, or that contain an Auto-Submitted or X-Loop header field, or that have a bodypart with type multipart\/report.\nYou may also want to specify Auto-Submitted: auto-generated on your outgoing mail. I expect that if you do as Max says that'll take care of the problem, but Auto-Submitted isn't expensive.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,email,imap","A_Id":43785616,"CreationDate":"2017-05-04T12:24:00.000","Title":"How to detect bounce emails","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am running a python script on a linux server 4.9 kernel. This script uses selenium to open a firefox instance and load some website. The script is supposed to be running for days. Since I am running the process over ssh, I have tried both screen and nohup, but the process just stops after a few hours.\nI can see the python process using top but its terminal output is just paused. I am unable to understand why is this happening.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":228,"Q_Id":43785929,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I met the similar situation recently. It looks like that the antivirus software on my laptop interrupted the geckodriver in the middle. I turn off that software and now it keep running.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,linux,selenium,background-process","A_Id":43824917,"CreationDate":"2017-05-04T14:39:00.000","Title":"Python selenium script stops working after a few hours","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can we run a Python Web-Scraping Code inside SSIS. If Yes, What is the effect of Using Beautiful Soup & Selenium ? Which one can be preferred. Is there a better way to run this. \nMy Requirement is to, get the data from the website using python script and store it in a table every time I run the package.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":507,"Q_Id":43787228,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can run python script from within SSIS by calling the .py script file from execute process task. That being said, the server where this is being run needs to have the Python installed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssis,web-scraping","A_Id":43787287,"CreationDate":"2017-05-04T15:33:00.000","Title":"Python WebScraping Script inside SSIS Package during ETL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know how to write and read from a file in S3 using boto. I'm wondering if there is a way to append to a file without having to download the file and re-upload an edited version?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4234,"Q_Id":43791236,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"There is no way to append data to an existing object in S3.  You would have to grab the data locally, add the extra data, and then write it back to S3.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python-3.x,amazon-s3,boto,boto3","A_Id":43791579,"CreationDate":"2017-05-04T19:24:00.000","Title":"Appending to a text file in S3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm running rather long documents through Spacy, and would like to retain position markers of paragraphs in the Spacy doc but ignore them in the parse. I'm doing this to avoid creating a lot of different docs for all the paragraphs.\nExample using XPath:\n\\\\paragraph[@id=\"ABC\"] This is a test sentence in paragraph ABC\nI'm looking for a bit of direction here. Do I need to add entities\/types or implement a customized tokenizer? Can I use the matcher with a callback function to affect that specific token?\nYour Environment\n\nInstalled models: en\nPython version: 3.4.2\nspaCy version: 1.8.1\nPlatform: Linux-3.16.0-4-686-pae-i686-with-debian-8.6","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":837,"Q_Id":43799270,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"spaCy's tokenizer is non-destructive, so you can always find your way back to the original string -- text[token.idx : token.idx + len(token)] will always get you the text of the token.\nSo, you should never need to embed non-linguistic metadata within the text, and then tell the statistical model to ignore it.\nInstead, make the metadata a standoff annotation, that holds a character start and end point. You can always make a labelled Span object after the doc is parsed for your paragraphs.\nBtw, in order to keep the alignment, spaCy does have tokens for significant whitespace. This sometimes catches people out.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,nlp,spacy","A_Id":43799855,"CreationDate":"2017-05-05T07:44:00.000","Title":"Spacy: Retain position markers in string, ignore them in Spacy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Issue\nI can't get the python requests library, easy_install, or pip to work behind the corporate proxy. I can, however, get git to work.\n\nHow I got git working\nI set the git proxy settings\n\ngit config --global http.proxy http :\/\/proxyuser:proxypwd@proxy.server.com:8080\n\n\nThe corporate proxy server I work behind requires a user name and password and is indeed in the format\n\nhttp: \/\/username:passsword@ipaddress:port\n\nI did not have to set the https.proxy\n\n\n\nThings I have tried\n(None of it has worked)\nEnvironment Variables -  Pip and Requests library\nMethod 1\n\n$ export HTTP_PROXY=\"http:\/\/username:passsword@ipaddress:port\"\n$ export HTTPS_PROXY=\"http:\/\/username:passsword@ipaddress:port\"\n\nMethod 2\n\nSET HTTP_PROXY=\"http:\/\/username:passsword@ipaddress:port\"\nSET HTTPS_PROXy=\"HTTPS_PROXY=\"http:\/\/username:passsword@ipaddress:port\"\n\n\nI have tried both restarting after setting the proxy variables, and trying them right after setting them\nChecking the variables with the 'SET' command shows that both are set correctly \n\n\nUsing Proxy Argument - Requests library\nCreating a dictionary with the proxy information and passing it to requests.get()\n\nproxies = {\n   'http': 'http: \/\/username:passsword@ipaddress:port',\n   'https': 'http: \/\/username:passsword@ipaddress:port'}\nrequests.get('http: \/\/example.org', proxies=proxies)\n\n\nUsing Proxy Argument -  pip\n\npip install library_name -\u2013proxy=http: \/\/username:passsword@ipaddress:port\npip install library_name -\u2013proxy=username:passsword@ipaddress:port\n\n\nResults - Requests library\nResponse\n\nResponse [407]\n\nReason\n\n'Proxy Authorization Required'\n\nHeader Information\n\n{'Proxy-Authenticate': 'NTLM', 'Date': 'Fri, 05 May 2017 21:49:06 GMT', 'Cache-Control': 'no-cache', 'Pragma': 'no-cache', 'Content-Type': 'text\/html; charset=\"UTF-8\"', 'Content-Length': '4228', 'Accept-Ranges': 'none', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive'}\n\n\nResults -  Pip\n\nRetrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connec\n  tion broken by 'ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', OSError('Tunnel connectio\n  n failed: 407 Proxy Authorization Required',))'\n\n\nNote: In regards to this post, I have included a space in all my authentication 'links' between \"http\" and \":\/\/\" because stackoverflow won't let me publish this with so many 'links'.\n(I set up a new Stackoverflow account as my old account was a login via facebook thing and I can't access it from work)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":939,"Q_Id":43814526,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I solved this by installing Fiddler and using it as my local proxy, while Fiddler itself used the corporate proxy.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"git,proxy,pip,python-requests,ntlm","A_Id":44008516,"CreationDate":"2017-05-05T22:20:00.000","Title":"Requests library & Pip Ntlm Proxy settings issues. - Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For optimization purposes, I need to my spider to skip website that has been once timed out, and dont let scrapy que it and try it again and again. \nHow can this be achieved?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":117,"Q_Id":43827307,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I just found out,\nin setting set :\n\"RETRY_ENABLED = False\" that will take care of it :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scrapy,scrapy-spider","A_Id":43827353,"CreationDate":"2017-05-07T02:41:00.000","Title":"How to not allow scrapy to retry timed out websites?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i have written parameters in webpage & applying them by selecting apply button. \n1. apply button is getting clicked for web elements outside frame using below command \nbrowser1.find_element_by_name(\"action\").click()\n\napply button not getting clicked when saving the paramters inside a frame of web page using same command\nbrowser1.find_element_by_name(\"action\").click()","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1392,"Q_Id":43846875,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I do not know the Python syntax, but in Selenium you have to switch to the frame much like you would switch to a new tab or window before performing your click.\nThe syntax in Java would be: driver.switchTo().frame();","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,selenium","A_Id":43850009,"CreationDate":"2017-05-08T11:48:00.000","Title":"click() method not working inside a frame in selenium python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Title pretty much sums it up. \nI have a website, where custom js file is located, and in order to write some tests, I need to disable loading this js file but inserting my custom js file instead. Using execute_script function from Chromedriver. And here I'm not sure about the working approach.\nI was thinking about adding rules in NoScript add-on which will prevent loading of first js file, turning him off and injecting my js file, but I'm not sure whenever it's possible.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":758,"Q_Id":43849017,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Selenium is designed for end to end testing. If you have to alter the content of the page, you are probably using the wrong tool.\nIt's possible to alter the page with Selenium with a piece of JavaScript via executeScript. However it can only be done once the page is fully loaded and probably after the execution of the original script.\nOne way would be to use a proxy to intercept the resource and forward a different one.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver","A_Id":43851121,"CreationDate":"2017-05-08T13:29:00.000","Title":"How to prevent Selenium from loading js file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to serve a Captive Portal - page that would prompt the user to agree to certain terms before starting browsing the web from my wireless network (through WiFi) using http.server on my Raspberry Pi that runs the newest version of Raspbian.\nI have http.server (comes with Python3) up an running and have a webpage portal.html locally on the Pi. This is the page that I want users to be redirected to when they connect to my Pi. Lets say that the local IP of that page is 192.168.1.5:80\/portal.html\nMy thought is that I would then somehow allow their connection when they have connected and accepted the terms and conditions.\nHow would I go about that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2404,"Q_Id":43849370,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to work out the document in question, with all the necessary terms and conditions that will link the acceptance of the conditions to a specific user. You can implement a simple login, and link a String (Name - ID) to a Boolean for example, \"accepted = true\". If you don't need to store the user data, just redirect yo your document and when checked \"agree\", then you allow the user connection.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python-3.x,networking,simplehttpserver,captivenetwork,captiveportal","A_Id":43850242,"CreationDate":"2017-05-08T13:46:00.000","Title":"How do I implement a simple Captive Portal with `http.server`?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Has anyone here ever worked with chalice?  Its an aws tool for creating api's.  I want to use it to create a single page application, but Im not sure how to actually serve html from it.  I've seen videos where its explored, but I can't figure out how they actually built the thing.  Anyone have any advice on where to go, how to start this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":923,"Q_Id":43898566,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You wouldn't serve HTML from Chalice directly. It is explicitly designed to work in concert with AWS Lambda and API Gateway to serve dynamic, API-centric content. For the static parts of an SPA, you would use a web server (nginx or Apache) or S3 (with or without CloudFront). \nAssuming you are interested in a purely \"serverless\" application model, I suggest looking into using the API Gateway \"Proxy\" resource type, forwarding to static resources on S3. \nWorth noting that it's probably possible to serve HTML from Chalice, but from an architecture perspective, that's not the intent of the framework and you'd be swimming upstream to get all the capabilities and benefits from tools purpose-built for serving static traffic (full HTTP semantics w\/ caching, conditional gets, etc)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,chalice","A_Id":44975845,"CreationDate":"2017-05-10T16:54:00.000","Title":"Using aws chalice to build a single page application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"On AWS, I created a  new lambda function. I added a role to the lambda that has the policy, AWSLambdaVPCAccessExecutionRole. I placed the lambda in the same VPC as my EC2 instance and made sure the security group assigned to the lambda and EC2 instance have the same default VPC security group created by AWS which allows all traffic within the vpc. On my EC2 instance, I have a tomcat app running on port 8080. I tried to hit the URL by two methods in my lambda function:\n\nUsing my load balancer, which has the same assigned security group\nHitting the IP address of the EC2 box with port 8080\n\nBoth of these options do not work for the lambda function. I tried it on my local computer and it is fine.\nAny suggestions?\nSecurity Group for Inbound\n\nType = All Traffic\nProtocol = All\nPort Range = All\nSource = Group ID of Security Group","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1713,"Q_Id":43923482,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"has the security group 8080 port open to internet?\nTo connect Lambdas with VPC you can't use the default VPC, you have to create one with a nat gateway. \nEDIT: Only if the Lambda fucntion needs to access to internet and VPC.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,tomcat,amazon-ec2,aws-lambda","A_Id":43923646,"CreationDate":"2017-05-11T18:51:00.000","Title":"AWS Lambda function can't communicate with EC2 Instance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"we created a RTMP server using NGINX and have a camera that is streaming video to that server.  We have a python program that should connect to the RTMP server and then display the video on the computer.  When we run the program we keep getting the below error:\nRTMP_Connect0, failed to connect socket. 110 (Connection timed out)\nI found a RTMP url on that was used for testing the code and it works but our RTMP server doesnt.  Does anyone know of any settings that need to be set to be able to get passed this error?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":972,"Q_Id":43967864,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Firstly I would check your firewall, TCP port 1935 needs to be open.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,nginx,streaming,rtmp","A_Id":44003701,"CreationDate":"2017-05-14T19:13:00.000","Title":"RTMP Connection Timeout in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We are receiving an error:\n\nImportError: No module named OAuth2Client\n\nWe have noticed scores of questions around this topic, many unanswered and at least one answer that describes the solution of copying over files from the Google App Engine SDK. \nThis approach, however, seems tedious because all the dependencies are unclear. If we copy over oauth2client then run, the next error is another module that is missing. Fix that, then another module is missing, etc., etc. \nWhat is ironic is that we can see all the files and modules needed, listed from Google App Engine SDK right in PyCharm but they seem inaccessible to the script.\nIs there no better way to pull in all the files that oauth2client needs for Python to work on App Engine?","AnswerCount":5,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":80755,"Q_Id":44011776,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Run this \nsudo python -m pip install oauth2client","Q_Score":49,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine,oauth-2.0","A_Id":55574741,"CreationDate":"2017-05-16T21:21:00.000","Title":"How to prevent \"ImportError: No module named oauth2client.client\" on Google App Engine?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using Bottle as my webservice. Currently, its running on bottle's default wsgi server and handles HTTP requests. I want to encrypt my webservice and handle HTTPS requests. Can someone suggest a method for this. I tried running on cherrypy server, but the latest version is not supporting the pyOpenSSLAdapter.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4247,"Q_Id":44013107,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You need to put your WSGI server (not WsgiRef certainly) behind a reverse-proxy with https support. Nginx is the most common choice.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"python-3.x,https,cherrypy,bottle","A_Id":44016254,"CreationDate":"2017-05-16T23:18:00.000","Title":"How to make bottle server HTTPS python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For example,\n\"view source code\" on Internet Explorer\n\u2192 <html> aaa(bbb)ccc <\/html>\nrequests.get(url).text\n\u2192 <html> aaa()ccc <\/html>\nWhy?\nHow I can get the former html-text in Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":69,"Q_Id":44015911,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"This can be explained by several reasons:\n\nEither the website filters the clients by a criterion (like the User Agent header) so it only sends the contents to \"real\" clients (ie browsers)\nEither the website loads an empty webpage and then populates it with javascript, which means that you only get the dummy page with your GET request (this can only be the case if you use Inspect Element and not View source code)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html","A_Id":44016198,"CreationDate":"2017-05-17T04:53:00.000","Title":"What is the difference between html-text by \"view source code\" on Internet Explorer and by requests.get() method in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to  create a job using the python api. I have created my own config, but the authentication fails. It produces an error message: \nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/jenkins\/__init__.py\", line 415, in create_job\n    self.server + CREATE_JOB % locals(), config_xml, headers))\n  File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/jenkins\/__init__.py\", line 236, in jenkins_open\n    'Possibly authentication failed [%s]' % (e.code)\njenkins.JenkinsException: Error in request.Possibly authentication failed [403]\nThe config file I have created was copied from another job config file as it was the easiest way to build it: \nI am using the import jenkins module.\n\nThe server instance I create is using these credentials: \nserver = jenkins.Jenkins(jenkins_url, username = 'my_username', password = 'my_APITOKEN')\nAny help will be greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2119,"Q_Id":44023078,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Error 403 is basically issued when the user is not allowed to access the resource. Are you able to access the resource manually using the same credentials? If there are some other admin credentials, then you can try using those.\nAlso, I am not sure but may be you can try running the python script with admin rights.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,authentication,jenkins","A_Id":44024658,"CreationDate":"2017-05-17T11:05:00.000","Title":"Authentication failed with Jenkins using python API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to  create a job using the python api. I have created my own config, but the authentication fails. It produces an error message: \nFile \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/jenkins\/__init__.py\", line 415, in create_job\n    self.server + CREATE_JOB % locals(), config_xml, headers))\n  File \"\/usr\/lib\/python2.7\/dist-packages\/jenkins\/__init__.py\", line 236, in jenkins_open\n    'Possibly authentication failed [%s]' % (e.code)\njenkins.JenkinsException: Error in request.Possibly authentication failed [403]\nThe config file I have created was copied from another job config file as it was the easiest way to build it: \nI am using the import jenkins module.\n\nThe server instance I create is using these credentials: \nserver = jenkins.Jenkins(jenkins_url, username = 'my_username', password = 'my_APITOKEN')\nAny help will be greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2119,"Q_Id":44023078,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As far as I know for security reasons in Jenkins 2.x only admins are able to create jobs (to be specific - are able to send PUT requests). At least that's what I encountered using Jenkins Job Builder (also Python) and Jenkins 2.x.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,authentication,jenkins","A_Id":44050111,"CreationDate":"2017-05-17T11:05:00.000","Title":"Authentication failed with Jenkins using python API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Bit of a python noob, but I was wondering \u2026\nI want to start a thread on start up  and pass udp socket data to the thread when it comes in for the thread to process AND then respond to the client accordingly.\nAll the examples I have seen so far create a thread, do something, bin it, repeat. I don\u2019t want thousands of threads to be created, just one to handle message data of a particular type.\nIs this possible and does anyone know of any examples ?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":186,"Q_Id":44026930,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, it is possible.  Do note however that you will not gain throughput this way unless you are able to process the datagrams using a compiled extension module like NumPy or some custom logic.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,python-multithreading,python-sockets","A_Id":44027062,"CreationDate":"2017-05-17T13:55:00.000","Title":"Python: how to pass UDP socket data to thread for processing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was having some SSL connectivity issues while connecting to a secured URL, Later I fixed this problem by providing .pem file path for verifying. ie, verify=\"file\/path.pem\" \nMy doubt is should this file be stored in a common place on the server or should this file be part of the project source code and hence version control.\nPlease advise.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":513,"Q_Id":44037702,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"In most cases a .pem file contains sensitive information and is environment specific, it should not be part of the project source code. It should be available in a secured server and downloadable with appropriate authorization.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,version-control,pem","A_Id":44037794,"CreationDate":"2017-05-18T02:39:00.000","Title":"Python: Should I version control .pem files?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to establish a connection using ssl in python (I'm using python 3.6.1).\nI'm very new to ssl and so I read the ssl documentation and I saw that there is a function called create_default_context that return a new SSLContext object with default setting and I did'nt fully understand this function.\nI want to create a ssl server (client is in javascript). \nMy question is if I can use only the default context that I'm creating or do I need to create self signed certificate and key file for the server as well ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1300,"Q_Id":44042709,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The cert file verification can be ignored by setting the verfiy_mode to CERT_NONE (default mode in Python 3.6, ssl module). In this mode, only encryption of data is proceeded, the identity of the server and the client will not be veried. Be careful that this is unsecure.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssl","A_Id":44043522,"CreationDate":"2017-05-18T08:39:00.000","Title":"python default context object ssl","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I often open hundreds of tabs when using web browsers, and this slows my computer. So I want to write a browser manager in Python and Selenium , which opens tabs and can save the urls of those tabs, then I can reopen them later.\nBut it seems like the only way to get the url of a tab in Python Selenium is calling get_current_url.\nI'm wondering if there's a way to get the url of a tab without switching to it?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1256,"Q_Id":44066098,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just go to the text link which is switching to other tab and save its @href attribute link into a string or list","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,window-handles,getcurrenturl","A_Id":44066234,"CreationDate":"2017-05-19T09:18:00.000","Title":"Selenium: How to get current url of a tab without switching to it?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"After several weeks looking for some information here and google, I've decided to post it here to see if anyone with the same problem can raise me a hand.\nI have a java application developed in Eclipse Ganymede using tomcat to connect with my local database. The problem is that I want to send a simple message (\"Hello World\") to a Kafka Topic published on a public server. I've imported the libraries and developed the Kafka function but something happens when I run in debug mode. I have no issues or visible errors when compiling, but when I run the application and push the button to raise this function it stops in KafkaProducer function because there is NoClassDefFoundError kafka.producer..... It seems like it is not finding the library properly, but I have seen that it is in the build path properly imported.\nI am not sure if the problem is with Kafka and the compatibility with Eclipse or Java SDK (3.6), it could be?. Anyone knows the minimum required version of Java for Kafka?\nAlso, I have found that with Kafka is really used Scala but I want to know if I can use this Eclipse IDE version for not change this.\nAnother solution that I found is to use a Python script called from the Java application, but I have no way to call it from there since I follow several tutorials but then nothing works, but I have to continue on this because it seems an easier option. I have developed the .py script and works with the Kafka server, now I have to found the solution to exchange variables from Java and Python. If anyone knows any good tutorial for this, please, let me know.\nAfter this resume of my days and after hitting my head with the walls, maybe someone has found this error previously and can help me to find the solution, I really appreciate it and sorry for the long history.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":370,"Q_Id":44087849,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Please include the Kafka client library within the WAR file of the Java application which you are deploying to Tomcat","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,eclipse,apache-kafka,kafka-producer-api","A_Id":44092800,"CreationDate":"2017-05-20T15:44:00.000","Title":"Send message to a kafka topic using java","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"After several weeks looking for some information here and google, I've decided to post it here to see if anyone with the same problem can raise me a hand.\nI have a java application developed in Eclipse Ganymede using tomcat to connect with my local database. The problem is that I want to send a simple message (\"Hello World\") to a Kafka Topic published on a public server. I've imported the libraries and developed the Kafka function but something happens when I run in debug mode. I have no issues or visible errors when compiling, but when I run the application and push the button to raise this function it stops in KafkaProducer function because there is NoClassDefFoundError kafka.producer..... It seems like it is not finding the library properly, but I have seen that it is in the build path properly imported.\nI am not sure if the problem is with Kafka and the compatibility with Eclipse or Java SDK (3.6), it could be?. Anyone knows the minimum required version of Java for Kafka?\nAlso, I have found that with Kafka is really used Scala but I want to know if I can use this Eclipse IDE version for not change this.\nAnother solution that I found is to use a Python script called from the Java application, but I have no way to call it from there since I follow several tutorials but then nothing works, but I have to continue on this because it seems an easier option. I have developed the .py script and works with the Kafka server, now I have to found the solution to exchange variables from Java and Python. If anyone knows any good tutorial for this, please, let me know.\nAfter this resume of my days and after hitting my head with the walls, maybe someone has found this error previously and can help me to find the solution, I really appreciate it and sorry for the long history.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":370,"Q_Id":44087849,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Please use org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer rather than kafka.producer.Producer (which is the old client API) and make sure you have the Kafka client library on the classpath. The client library is entirely in Java. It's the old API that's written in scala, as is the server-side code. You don't need to import the server library in your code or add it to the classpath if you use the new client API.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,eclipse,apache-kafka,kafka-producer-api","A_Id":44109016,"CreationDate":"2017-05-20T15:44:00.000","Title":"Send message to a kafka topic using java","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"After several weeks looking for some information here and google, I've decided to post it here to see if anyone with the same problem can raise me a hand.\nI have a java application developed in Eclipse Ganymede using tomcat to connect with my local database. The problem is that I want to send a simple message (\"Hello World\") to a Kafka Topic published on a public server. I've imported the libraries and developed the Kafka function but something happens when I run in debug mode. I have no issues or visible errors when compiling, but when I run the application and push the button to raise this function it stops in KafkaProducer function because there is NoClassDefFoundError kafka.producer..... It seems like it is not finding the library properly, but I have seen that it is in the build path properly imported.\nI am not sure if the problem is with Kafka and the compatibility with Eclipse or Java SDK (3.6), it could be?. Anyone knows the minimum required version of Java for Kafka?\nAlso, I have found that with Kafka is really used Scala but I want to know if I can use this Eclipse IDE version for not change this.\nAnother solution that I found is to use a Python script called from the Java application, but I have no way to call it from there since I follow several tutorials but then nothing works, but I have to continue on this because it seems an easier option. I have developed the .py script and works with the Kafka server, now I have to found the solution to exchange variables from Java and Python. If anyone knows any good tutorial for this, please, let me know.\nAfter this resume of my days and after hitting my head with the walls, maybe someone has found this error previously and can help me to find the solution, I really appreciate it and sorry for the long history.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":370,"Q_Id":44087849,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"At the end the problem was related with the library that was not well added. I had to add it in the build.xml file, importing here the library. Maybe this is useful for the people who use an old Eclipse version.\nSo now it finds the library but I have to update Java version, other matter. So it is solved","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,eclipse,apache-kafka,kafka-producer-api","A_Id":44161576,"CreationDate":"2017-05-20T15:44:00.000","Title":"Send message to a kafka topic using java","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've built a small telegram bot using python-telegram-bot.\nWhen a conversation is started,I add a periodical job to the job queue and then message back to the user every X minutes.\nProblem is when my bot goes offline (maintenance, failures, etc), the jobqueue is lost and clients do not receive updates anymore unless they send \/start again\nI could maybe store all chat_ids in a persistent queue and restore them at startup but how do I send a message without responding to an update ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":778,"Q_Id":44090457,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you have lots of options. at first you need to store all chat_ids. you can do it in database or simple text file.\nthen you need a trigger in order to start sending messages. I'm not familiar with your technology but i just create simple service in order to do it.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":44094915,"CreationDate":"2017-05-20T20:19:00.000","Title":"Restoring job-queue between telegram-bot restarts","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using the python libraries from the Assistant SDK for speech recognition via gRPC. I have the speech recognized and returned as a string calling the method resp.result.spoken_request_text from \\googlesamples\\assistant\\__main__.py and I have the answer as an audio stream from the assistant API with the method resp.audio_out.audio_data also from \\googlesamples\\assistant\\__main__.py\nI would like to know if it is possible to have the answer from the service as a string as well (hoping it is available in the service definition or that it could be included), and how I could access\/request the answer as string.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1474,"Q_Id":44123641,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Currently (Assistant SDK Developer Preview 1), there is no direct way to do this. You can probably feed the audio stream into a Speech-to-Text system, but that really starts getting silly.\nSpeaking to the engineers on this subject while at Google I\/O, they indicated that there are some technical complications on their end to doing this, but they understand the use cases. They need to see questions like this to know that people want the feature.\nHopefully it will make it into an upcoming Developer Preview.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,google-assistant-sdk,google-assist-api","A_Id":44134868,"CreationDate":"2017-05-22T23:41:00.000","Title":"How to receive answer from Google Assistant as a String, not as an audio stream","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is a way to read GDX(GAMS Data eXchange ) files, without need of GAMS???\nThere is a way to read via GAMS and its api for Python,but I haven't GAMS in my pc.\nThnx","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":527,"Q_Id":44160902,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't know of any way, but:\nTo use the api the free\/demo version is enough! If you can not install it on your machine due to missing privileges, etc... You can also copy the installation from another machine. You might need to tell the api-implementation then where to find your gams \"installation\".","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,file","A_Id":47921223,"CreationDate":"2017-05-24T14:11:00.000","Title":"How to read GDX file with Python,without GAMS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to poll servers\/network devices via SNMP\/ICMP\/SSH and serve up content about each device in a web browser to a user. Things like uptime, CPU usage, etc. What's a good way to do this?\nWould I store the data in a db and then present it the framework of my choosing?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":61,"Q_Id":44168482,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I suggest you to use monitoring tools for do that.\nIf you need alerting use tool like nagios or zabbix.\nIf you don't need alerting you can setup tool like munin o cacti.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,apache,nginx","A_Id":44175812,"CreationDate":"2017-05-24T21:07:00.000","Title":"How do I serve dynamic content in a dashboard?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to spawn a mapreduce job using the mrjob library from AWS Lambda. The job takes longer than the 5 minute Lambda time limit, so I want to execute a remote job. Using the paramiko package, I ssh'd onto the server and ran a nohup command to spawn a background job, but this still waits until the end of job. Is there anyway to do this with Lambda?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":441,"Q_Id":44184942,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Instead of using SSH I've solved this before by pushing a message onto a SQS queue that a process on the server monitors. This is much simpler to implement and avoids needing to keep credentials in the lambda function or place it in a VPC.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,aws-lambda,paramiko,mrjob","A_Id":44213779,"CreationDate":"2017-05-25T16:02:00.000","Title":"How to execute a job on a server on Lambda without waiting for the response?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to build a node app which calls python script (takes a lot of time to run).User essentially chooses parameters and then clicks run which triggers event in socket.on('python-event') and this runs python script.I am using sockets.io to send real-time data to the user about the status of the python program using stdout stream I get from python.But the problem I am facing is that if the user clicks run button twice, the event-handdler is triggered twice and runs 2 instances of python script which corrupts stdout.How can I ensure only one event-trigger happens at a time and if new event trigger happens it should kill previous instance and also stdout stream and then run new instance of python script using updated parameters.I tried using socket.once() but it only allows the event to trigger once per connection.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":80,"Q_Id":44187592,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I will use a job queue to do such kind of job, store each job's info in a queue, so you can  cancel it and get its status. You can use a node module like kue.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,node.js,sockets,express,socket.io","A_Id":44192695,"CreationDate":"2017-05-25T18:36:00.000","Title":"Make sure only one instance of event-handler is triggered at a time in socket.io","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I catch a request that is forbidden by robots.txt in scrapy? Usually this seems to get ignored automatically, i.e. nothing in the output, so I really can't tell what happens to those urls. Ideally if crawling a url leads to this forbidden by robots.txt error, I'd like to output a record like {'url': url, 'status': 'forbidden by robots.txt'}. How can I do that? \nNew to scrapy. Appreciate any help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1197,"Q_Id":44187774,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Go to settings.py in the project folder and change ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True to ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":45843257,"CreationDate":"2017-05-25T18:47:00.000","Title":"How to catch forbidden by robots.txt?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to make a comparison list between different libraries for TCP packet capturing, replaying and monitoring. I have come across several libraries and cannot decide with which I should start working.\nI want to compare pros and cons of these libraries so that its easier for me to decide. The libraries which I wanna compare are,\npypcap\npcap_ylg\npcapy\nscapy3k\npcap\npylibpcap\nI tried to find online and read the documentation but could not find useful information.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":516,"Q_Id":44200097,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I guess you are trying to work with python.\nHere's a list of the libraries:\n\npypcap: not maintened, the last update was in 2015\npcap_ylg: even older... updated 4 years ago\npcapy: recently updated. quite low level library, hard to use for beginners\npcap\/pylibpcap: again, so old...\n\nThe best choice seems to be scapy, which has tons of options and is easy-to-use. There are currently two versions of scapy:\n\nthe original scapy: active dev. supporting all python versions and high level library for any pcap Apis\nscapy3k: a scapy fork which used to support python 3, but that has not recieved scapy's new features\/updates since 2015","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,networking,tcp,scapy,pcap","A_Id":44315276,"CreationDate":"2017-05-26T11:12:00.000","Title":"Comparison between packet capturing libraries in Python 3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When the content-type of the server is 'Content-Type:text\/html', requests.get() returns improperly encoded data.\nHowever, if we have the content type explicitly as 'Content-Type:text\/html; charset=utf-8', it returns properly encoded data.\nAlso, when we use urllib.urlopen(), it returns properly encoded data. \nHas anyone noticed this before? Why does requests.get() behave like this?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":113907,"Q_Id":44203397,"Users Score":20,"Answer":"The default assumed content encoding for text\/html is ISO-8859-1 aka Latin-1 :( See RFC-2854. UTF-8 was too young to become the default, it was born in 1993, about the same time as HTML and HTTP.\nUse .content to access the byte stream, or .text to access the decoded Unicode stream. If the HTTP server does not care about the correct encoding, the value of .text may be off.","Q_Score":56,"Tags":"python,utf-8,python-requests","A_Id":44203633,"CreationDate":"2017-05-26T13:54:00.000","Title":"python requests.get() returns improperly decoded text instead of UTF-8?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using Selenium in Python for a project and I was wondering if there was a way to record or stream audio that is being played in the browser. Essentially I want to use selenium to get the audio and pass it to my application in Python so that I can process it. \nIs there a way to do this in Selenium, or using another Python package? \nIdeally I would want to be able to get any audio playing in the browser window irregardless of the source.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1354,"Q_Id":44221542,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no way to do it with just selenium, but it will be not so hard to implement it with python, just search python module or external program which suite your purpose","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,selenium,audio","A_Id":44233382,"CreationDate":"2017-05-27T20:57:00.000","Title":"Selenium, streaming audio from browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to upload video into S3 using AWS lambda function. This video is not available in my local computer. I have 'download URL'. I don't want to download it into my local computer and upload it into S3. I am looking for a solution to directly put this video file into S3 using lambda function. If I use buffer or streaming, I will consume lots of memory. Is there a better efficient solution for this?\nI really appreciate your help.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7999,"Q_Id":44233777,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You could certainly write an AWS Lambda function that would:\n\nDownload the file from the URL and store it in \/tmp\nUpload to Amazon S3 using the AWS S3 SDK\n\nIt would be easiest to download the complete file rather than attempting to stream it in 'bits'. However, please note that there is a limit of 500MB of disk space available for storing data. If your download is larger than 500MB, you'll need to do some creative programming to download portions of it and then upload it as a multi-part upload.\nAs for how to download it, use whatever library you prefer for download a web file.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,aws-lambda","A_Id":44234884,"CreationDate":"2017-05-29T02:09:00.000","Title":"Use AWS lambda to upload video into S3 with download URL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there any way to automatically log on through the Bloomberg API to fetch data? From my testing with Python the API can pull data when I am logged into Bloomberg through the terminal and some time after I log off.\nThe next morning I try to run my code with an error, but the problem goes away as soon as I log on the terminal.\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1291,"Q_Id":44251610,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Yes, you need to log in to be able to run the API. Once you log off, you can still pull data as long as you don't log onto a different computer. That's by design.\nSo there is no other solution than either manually logging onto your terminal in the morning or making sure that you don't use Bloomberg Anywhere on another PC.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,bloomberg","A_Id":44255713,"CreationDate":"2017-05-29T23:59:00.000","Title":"Automatically log onto Bloomberg through API Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a project and I just wanted to know what route (If I'm not going down the correct route) I should go down in order to successfully complete this project. \nFerry Time: This application uses boat coordinates and ETA algorithms to determine when a boat will be approaching a certain destination.\nNow, I've worked up a prototype that works, but not the way I want it to. In order for my ETA's to show up on my website accurately, I have a python script that runs every minute to webscrape these coordinates from a specific site, do an algorithm, and spit out an ETA. The ETA is then sent to my database, where I display it on my website using PHP and SQL. \nThe ETA's only update as long as this script is running (I literally run the script on Eclipse and just leave it there)\nNow my question: Is there a way I can avoid running the script? Almost like an API. Or to not use a database at all?\nThanks !","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":71,"Q_Id":44270585,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the result of your algorithm only depends on the LAST scrape and not a history of several scrapes, then you could just scrape \"on demand\" and deploy your algo as an AWS lambda function.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,api,server","A_Id":44271429,"CreationDate":"2017-05-30T19:38:00.000","Title":"Project using Python Webscraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working on a project and I just wanted to know what route (If I'm not going down the correct route) I should go down in order to successfully complete this project. \nFerry Time: This application uses boat coordinates and ETA algorithms to determine when a boat will be approaching a certain destination.\nNow, I've worked up a prototype that works, but not the way I want it to. In order for my ETA's to show up on my website accurately, I have a python script that runs every minute to webscrape these coordinates from a specific site, do an algorithm, and spit out an ETA. The ETA is then sent to my database, where I display it on my website using PHP and SQL. \nThe ETA's only update as long as this script is running (I literally run the script on Eclipse and just leave it there)\nNow my question: Is there a way I can avoid running the script? Almost like an API. Or to not use a database at all?\nThanks !","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":71,"Q_Id":44270585,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Even if they had an API you'd still need to run something against it to get the results. If you don't want to leave your IDE open you could use cron to call your script.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,api,server","A_Id":44270817,"CreationDate":"2017-05-30T19:38:00.000","Title":"Project using Python Webscraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using the websocket-client Python Package. This works fine. But when I send messages to the server the client prints this message to stdout. Is there a possibility to disable this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1702,"Q_Id":44271059,"Users Score":7,"Answer":"websocket.enableTrace(False) solved this.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python-2.7,logging,websocket","A_Id":44287918,"CreationDate":"2017-05-30T20:10:00.000","Title":"Websocket-client Python disable output","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Need some help in Twilio. Twilio Gather verb supports input=\"speech\" which recognizes speech as mentioned in their site. Does the Twilio python package support this speech recognition yet? Couldn't find any help documentation regarding this.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":220,"Q_Id":44274141,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Twilio developer evangelist here.\nIt seems that the latest Python package only implemented partial support for input=\"speech\" and the related TwiML attributes which makes it unusable at the moment.\nI am raising a bug internally and will get this fixed as soon as possible. I will notify you here when it is ready.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twilio","A_Id":44371828,"CreationDate":"2017-05-31T01:10:00.000","Title":"Twilio  Speech Recognition support in twilio python package","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am testing Trello API via Postman and I have a problem adding a comment to a card.\nI'm submitting a PUT request to https:\/\/api.trello.com\/1\/cards\/card id\/actions\/commentCard\/comments?&key=my_key&token=my_token&text=comment, but I receive an error:\n\ninvalid value for idAction\n\nCould someone point out what I'm doing wrong?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1702,"Q_Id":44288336,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you try POST to \nhttps:\/\/api.trello.com\/1\/cards\/cardID\/actions\/comments?text=yourComment&key=apiKey&token=trelloToken\nwhere you must change the variables cardI, yourComment, apiKey and trelloToken to your variables","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,trello","A_Id":58631278,"CreationDate":"2017-05-31T15:05:00.000","Title":"How to add a comment to Trello card via API calls?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i'm using a python client that makes request to a push server, and has the option to use certificates with the lib OpenSSL for python(pyopenssl), but this client ask me for the private key(can be on the same file or different path. already checked with another server that i have both cert and key). but for the \"real\" server they are using self-signed cert and they don't have any private key in the same file or another one as far as they told me, they just share with me this cert file, is there any way to use this kind of cert with OpeenSSL in python?, thanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":44293780,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In order to use a client certificate, you must have a private key. You will either sign some quantity with your private key or engage in encrypted key agreement in order to mutually agree on a key.  Either way, the private key is required.\nIt's possible though that rather than using client certificates they use something like username\/password and what they have given you is not a certificate for you to use, but the certificate you should expect from them.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssl,pyopenssl","A_Id":44293925,"CreationDate":"2017-05-31T20:05:00.000","Title":"OpenSSL ask for private key","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a menu.py which contains all my menus. \nI would like to use the menu.py file and in case someone from another team needs to add additional sub-menus they can add them on their own file, then import menu.py as well.\nfor example: i have 2 sub-menus under \/models\/menu.py:\nsystem_sub_menu = [\n...               ....\n...               ....\n]\nfile_sub_menu = [\n...               ...\n...               ...\n]\nCan i separate them into 2 files?\nThanks \nYaron","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":72,"Q_Id":44302025,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You have two options. First, you can put the two sets of items in two different files in the \/models folder. Model files are executed in alphabetical order, so you can put together the final response.menu object in the second of the two files (any variables defined in the first model file will be available globally in the second file, without any need to import).\nAlternatively, you can put one of the sub-menus in a module (in the \/modules folder) and simply import it where needed.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,python-2.7,web2py","A_Id":44313012,"CreationDate":"2017-06-01T08:12:00.000","Title":"web2py - is it possible to import content of menu.py from another file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is my first post so I did some research before asking this question, but it was all in vaine.\nI'm writing my python script for Android application and I need to use basic click() command, in order to get deeper.\nAndroid 6.0.1 (xiaomi redmi note 3 pro), SDK installed for Android 6.0, python 3.6.1, Appium 1.0.2 + Pycharm.\nElement is localized with no problems, but click() doesn't work, nothing happens. \nPart of my script:\ndriver.find_element_by_id('com.socialnmobile.dictapps.notepad.color.note:id\/main_btn1').click()\nI tried to use .tap() instead, but it says \"AttributeError: 'WebElement' object has no attribute 'tap'\". \nI would be very grateful for your help, cause I'm stuck with it for good.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":305,"Q_Id":44325823,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try this\ndriver.find_element_by_id('main_btn1').click() \nFind the ID mentioned under the resource id in case you are using appium version less than 1.0.2 \nYou are pasting the whole package id com.socialnmobile.dictapps.notepad.color.note:id\/main_btn1 which appium wont detect because that is certainly not the element id. \nIn case this doesnt work, please let me know the contents you see in the inspector.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python,appium","A_Id":44330828,"CreationDate":"2017-06-02T09:46:00.000","Title":"Python+Appium+Android 6.0.1 - 'Click()' doesn't work","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is my first post so I did some research before asking this question, but it was all in vaine.\nI'm writing my python script for Android application and I need to use basic click() command, in order to get deeper.\nAndroid 6.0.1 (xiaomi redmi note 3 pro), SDK installed for Android 6.0, python 3.6.1, Appium 1.0.2 + Pycharm.\nElement is localized with no problems, but click() doesn't work, nothing happens. \nPart of my script:\ndriver.find_element_by_id('com.socialnmobile.dictapps.notepad.color.note:id\/main_btn1').click()\nI tried to use .tap() instead, but it says \"AttributeError: 'WebElement' object has no attribute 'tap'\". \nI would be very grateful for your help, cause I'm stuck with it for good.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":305,"Q_Id":44325823,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Ok, after a long fight I came up with the solution. My smartphone - Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 Pro apart from standard USB Debugging option in settings, has another USB Debugging (security option). It has to be enabled as well, cause the second option protects smartphone from remote moves. Regards.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python,appium","A_Id":44336428,"CreationDate":"2017-06-02T09:46:00.000","Title":"Python+Appium+Android 6.0.1 - 'Click()' doesn't work","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So, I created a simple site written in Python using Web.py. It's now live and running. I can access it through my computer that runs the server by typing one of this: http:\/\/0.0.0.0:8080\/ or http:\/\/localhost:8080\/. However, I can only access it through that computer that runs the Python Web.py server. \nI tried accessing it with another computer on the same network, but it gives me an error. Help?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":947,"Q_Id":44328855,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to check your firewall. Try to disable it and it will work fine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,network-programming,web.py","A_Id":50786355,"CreationDate":"2017-06-02T12:21:00.000","Title":"How to access Python web.py server in LAN?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I read the Flask doc, it said whenever you need to access the GET variables in the URL, you can just import the request object in your current python file? \nMy question here is that if two user are hitting the same Flask app with the same URL and GET variable, how does Flask differentiate the request objects? Can someone tell me want is under the hood?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":553,"Q_Id":44337390,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just wanted to highlight one more fact about the requests object.\nAs per the documentation, it is kind of proxy to objects that are local to a specific context.\n\nImagine the context being the handling thread. A request comes in and the web server decides to spawn a new thread (or something else, the underlying object is capable of dealing with concurrency systems other than threads). When Flask starts its internal request handling it figures out that the current thread is the active context and binds the current application and the WSGI environments to that context (thread). It does that in an intelligent way so that one application can invoke another application without breaking.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,flask","A_Id":48550508,"CreationDate":"2017-06-02T21:02:00.000","Title":"Flask\/Python: from flask import request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was wondering if it is possible to get all the URL's from the history page of a person, perhaps with python (using selenium, or any other tool)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":181,"Q_Id":44354833,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No, that is not possible for two reasons:\n\nPython is a server side language that is not executed in the user's browser \nEven if you did use a client side language that runs in the user's browser (i.e. JavaScript), security restrictions prevent this\n\nThink of the implications if this were possible: Would you want any company whose website you are accessing to be able to spy on you like that?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web","A_Id":44354888,"CreationDate":"2017-06-04T13:55:00.000","Title":"Getting the user's browsing history's URLs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"TL;DR:\nIf I spawn 10 web requests, each on its own thread, with a CPU that has a 4 thread limit, is this okay or inefficient? Threads are IO bound so sit idle while awaiting server response (I believe). How does CPU deal if more than 4 threads return simultaneously?\nI've got a script that currently starts a new thread for every file I need to download (each located at a unique URL) through an http.client.HTTPSConnection. At max, I may need to spawn 730 threads. I have done this, since the threads are all IO bound work (downloading and saving to file), but I am not sure if they are executing in parallel or if the CPU is only executing a set at a time. Total run time for file sizes ranging between 20MB to 110MB was roughly 15 minutes.\nMy CPU is quad-core with no Hyper-Threading. This means that it should only support 4 threads simultaneously at any given time. Since the work is IO bound and not CPU bound, am I still limited by the hold of only 4 simultaneous threads?\nI suppose what is confusing is I am not sure what sequence of events takes place if say I send out just 1 request on 10 threads; what happens if they all return at the same time? Or how does the CPU choose which 4 to finish before moving onto the next available thread?\nAnd after all of this, if the CPU is only handling 4 threads at a time, I would image it is still smart to spawn as many IO threads as I need (since they will sit idle while waiting for server response) right?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":269,"Q_Id":44359336,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can have significantly more than 4 IO-bound threads on a quad-core CPU.  However, you  do want to have some maximum.  Even IO bound processes use the CPU some of the time.  For example, when a packet is received, that packet needs to be handled to update TCP state.  If you are reading from a socket and writing to a file, some CPU is required to actually copy the characters from the socket buffer to the file buffer under most circumstances.  If you use TLS, CPU is typically required to decrypt and encrypt data.  So even threads that are mostly doing IO use the CPU some.  Eventually the small fraction of time that you are using the CPU will add up and consume the available CPU resources.\nAlso, note that in Python, because of the global interpreter lock, you can only have one thread using the CPU to run python code at a time.  So, the GIL would not typically be held while doing something like waiting for an outgoing connection.  During that time other threads could be run.  However, for some fraction of the time while reading and writing from a socket or file, the GIL will be held.  It's likely with most common work loads that the performance of your application will reach a maximum when  the fraction of time your threads need a CPU reaches one full CPU rather than four full CPUs.\nYou may find that using asyncio or some other event-driven architecture provides better performance.  When true this is typically because the event-driven model is better at reducing cross-thread contention for resources.\nIn response to your question edit, I would not expect 10 threads to be a problem","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,multithreading,cpu","A_Id":44359362,"CreationDate":"2017-06-04T22:17:00.000","Title":"Am I overspawning IO bound web scraping threads?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I just bought a VPS server from Vultr. Then I went on ServerPilot, and installed it on my server.\nNow I can access, via SFTP, all the files on my server.\nBut how can I access these files from my web-browser via Internet? I mean, when I type in the IP address of my Vultr Server, I land on the ServerPilot page \"your app xxx is set up\". Alright, but how can I access the other files I uploaded now?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":110,"Q_Id":44376270,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"you can connect to your server\/serverpilot app via SSH\/SFTP.\nFilezilla, codeanywhere are options that allow you to do this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,hosting,vps","A_Id":46166962,"CreationDate":"2017-06-05T19:26:00.000","Title":"Beginner VPS Vultr\/ServerPilot -> How to change the homepage & access the files I uploaded?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I recently updated from Python 3.5 to Python 3.6 and am trying to use packages that I had previously downloaded, but they are not working for the updated version of Python.  When I try to use pip, I use the command \"pip install selenium\" and get the message \"Requirement already satisfied: selenium in \/Users\/Jeff\/anaconda\/lib\/python3.5\/site-packages\"  How do I add packages to the new version of Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":86,"Q_Id":44396972,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"First, make sure that your packages do have compatibility with the version of Python you're looking to use. \nNext, run pip freeze > requirements.txt in the base directory of your Python project. This puts everything in a readable file to re-install from. If you know of any packages that require a certain version that you'll want to re-install, put package==x.x.x (where package is the package name and x.x.x is the version number) in the list of packages to make sure it downloads the correct version.\nRun pip uninstall -r requirements.txt -y to uninstall all packages. Afterwards, run pip install -r requirements.txt.\nThis allows you to keep packages at the correct version for the ones you assign a version number in requirements.txt, while upgrading all others.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,pip","A_Id":44397097,"CreationDate":"2017-06-06T18:10:00.000","Title":"Install packages using pip for updated versions of python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a quick question in regards to the Netmiko module (based on the Paramiko module). \nI have a for loop that iterates through a bunch of Cisco boxes (around 40)...and once they complete I get the following each time a SSH connection establishes:\nSSH connection established to ip address:22\nInteractive SSH session established\nThis isn't in my print statements or anything, it's obviously hard coded within ConnectionHandler (which I use to make the SSH connections).  \nThis output really makes my output muddled and full of 40 extra lines I do not need.  Is there any way I can get these removed from the output?\nRegards,","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":384,"Q_Id":44399531,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Found this answer out through reddit.  \nAdd the key 'verbose': False to your network device dictionary. More information on the Netmiko Standard Tutorial page","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,ssh","A_Id":44401977,"CreationDate":"2017-06-06T20:45:00.000","Title":"Remove Netmiko Automatic Output","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"how to send certificate authentication in python post request,\nfor example I used next but in get request: \nrequests.get(url, params = params, timeout=60,cert=certs)\nwhere certs is path to certificate,\nit's worked fine.\nrequests.post(url_post,data=params,cert = certs, timeout=60)\nnot working, error - SSL authentication error","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6412,"Q_Id":44452143,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"To send certificate, you need the certificate which contains public key like server.crt. If you have this crt file then you can send it as\n\nr=requests.get('https:\/\/server.com', verify='server.crt' )\n\nor if you don't have that file then you can get it using get_ssl_certificate method \n\nert=ssl.get_server_certificate(('server.com',443),ssl_version=3)\n\nthen you can write it into a file and send it.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":45435412,"CreationDate":"2017-06-09T07:45:00.000","Title":"python post request with certificate","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a unit tests for an API client class. \nThere is a class variable self.session that is supposed to hold the session. \nIn my setup method for my test I create a new instance of the client class and then call its authenticate method. However when the tests themselves go to send requests using this object they all return 401 forbidden errors. \nIf I move the authenticate call (but not the creation of the class) into the tests and out of setup everything works great, but I understand that that defeats the purpose of setup().","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":27,"Q_Id":44464654,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"An example of the code you're talking about (with proprietary stuff removed, of course), might help clarify.\nThe variable, self.session, is on the test class itself, rather than the instance?  That sounds as if it might end up leaking state between your tests.  Attaching it to the instance might help.\nBeyond that, I generally think it makes sense to move as much out of setUp methods as possible.  Authentication is part of the important part of your test, and it should probably be done alongside all the other logic.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,python-requests,python-unittest","A_Id":44464795,"CreationDate":"2017-06-09T18:35:00.000","Title":"Lifetime of Request Sessions in Unit Testing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to import urllib.request on python, but when I try to do so, i get the following error: ImportError: No module named setuptools. \nI tried doing 'sudo apt-get install -y python-setuptools' , but after doing so too I am getting the same error. \nI am using PyCharm and my Python version is Python 2.7.12+.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":439,"Q_Id":44473829,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Unless there is any specific requirement to use urllib. I suggest you use python-requests. Both do the same.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pycharm","A_Id":44473989,"CreationDate":"2017-06-10T13:28:00.000","Title":"ImportError: No module named setuptools","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using ET.parse(path) to parse a xml file and read from it. \nDoes ET.parse auto closes the xml file after opening ? \nIs it a safe way to access the file for reading ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1137,"Q_Id":44481930,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"It is the best way to open a XML file. It just gets everything that is in the file so no opening or closing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,elementtree,raspberry-pi3","A_Id":44481957,"CreationDate":"2017-06-11T08:41:00.000","Title":"Does ET.parse automatically open and close a XML file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using python Tornado to perform asynchronous requests to crawl certain websites and one of the things I want to know is if a URL results in a redirect or what it's inital status code is (301, 302, 200, etc.). However, right now I can't figure out a way to find that information out with a Tornado response. I know a requests response object has a history attribute which records the redirect history, is there something similar for Tornado?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":65,"Q_Id":44508737,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Tornado's HTTP clients do not currently provide this information. Instead, you can pass follow_redirects=False and handle and record redirects yourself.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tornado","A_Id":44511338,"CreationDate":"2017-06-12T21:08:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to get the redirect history from a Tornado response?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm new to Python and I'm trying to make a program that involves me logging into Gmail and iCloud, using Selenium. I've completed the Gmail part, so I know I'm not completely off track, but I can't seem to surmount the error that occurs when I try to locate the login\/password fields on the iCloud website. I keep getting: \n\nNoSuchElementException: Message: no such element: Unable to locate\n  element: {\"method\":\"xpath\",\"selector\":\"\/\/*[@id=\"appleId\"]\"}\n\nI've attempted to use WebDriverWait, and I've done waits for like 30 seconds just to see if timing was the issue, but I keep getting the same error even if I try to locate the login\/password fields using Xpath, ID name, CSS selector, etc.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":192,"Q_Id":44553860,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It's within an iframe so you need to have Selenium switch to it.\ndriver.switch_to.frame('auth-frame')\nOnce you do that you should be able to locate it by id or xpath.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,selenium,xpath","A_Id":44554005,"CreationDate":"2017-06-14T20:08:00.000","Title":"iCloud Website - NoSuchElementException: Unable to Locate Element","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im trying to load xml file into the google bigquery ,can any one please help me how to solve this . I know we can load JSON ,CSV and AVRO files into big query . I need suggestion\/help, Is the any way can i load xml file into bigquery","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":834,"Q_Id":44588770,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The easiest option is probably to convert your XML file either to CSV or to JSON and then load it. Without knowing the size and shape of your data it's hard to make a recommendation, but you can find a variety of converters if you search online for them.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"xml,python-2.7,google-bigquery","A_Id":44590333,"CreationDate":"2017-06-16T12:00:00.000","Title":"how to load xml file into big query","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently trying to figure out a way to know who invited a user. From the official docs, I would think that the member class would have an attribute showing who invited them, but it doesn't. I have a very faint idea of a possible method to get the user who invited and that would be to get all invites in the server then get the number of uses, when someone joins the server, it checks to see the invite that has gone up a use. But I don't  know if this is the most efficient method or at least the used method.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13355,"Q_Id":44594309,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"In Discord, you're never going to 100% sure who invited the user.\nUsing Invite, you know who created the invite.\nUsing on_member_join, you know who joined.\nSo, yes, you could have to check invites and see which invite got revoked. However, you will never know for sure who invited since anyone can paste the same invite link anywhere.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,discord,discord.py","A_Id":44830944,"CreationDate":"2017-06-16T16:50:00.000","Title":"Discord.py show who invited a user","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently trying to figure out a way to know who invited a user. From the official docs, I would think that the member class would have an attribute showing who invited them, but it doesn't. I have a very faint idea of a possible method to get the user who invited and that would be to get all invites in the server then get the number of uses, when someone joins the server, it checks to see the invite that has gone up a use. But I don't  know if this is the most efficient method or at least the used method.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13355,"Q_Id":44594309,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Watching the number of uses an invite has had, or for when they run out of uses and are revoked, is the only way to see how a user was invited to the server.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,discord,discord.py","A_Id":45571128,"CreationDate":"2017-06-16T16:50:00.000","Title":"Discord.py show who invited a user","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"how do I sniff packets that are only outbound packets?\nI tried to sniff only destination port but it doesn't succeed at all","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":736,"Q_Id":44618843,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Maybe you can get your device MAC address and filter any packets with that address as source address.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,scapy,packet-sniffers,sniffing","A_Id":44703883,"CreationDate":"2017-06-18T19:41:00.000","Title":"Python(scapy): how to sniff packets that are only outboun packets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing Multiple Add-ons for a personal build of KODI.\nWhat I am trying to achieve is:\n\nService(Add-on A) will authenticate the box using its MAC Address.\nService(Add-on A) will save a token(T1).\nService(Add-on B) will use T1 and load movies if (T1 != None)\n\nBUT\nxbmcplugin.setSetting( \"token\" ) AND xbmcplugin.getSetting( \"token\" ) saves the value in the context of Add-on where it was called.\nHOW to achieve Saving Global Values in KODI with Python","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":570,"Q_Id":44622280,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use window properties for that. Window 10000 is one of the main windows so it will always exist.\nSet it\nxbmcgui.Window(10000).setProperty('myProperty', 'myValue')\nRead it\nxbmcgui.Window(10000).getProperty('myProperty')","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xbmc,kodi","A_Id":44646296,"CreationDate":"2017-06-19T04:29:00.000","Title":"Save settings value accessible globally in KODI","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to build a twitter chat bot which is interactive and replies according to incoming messages from users. Webhook documentation is unclear on how do I receive incoming message notifications. I'm using python.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":662,"Q_Id":44632982,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Answering my own question.\nWebhook isn't needed, after searching for long hours on Twitter Documentation, I made a well working DM bot, it uses Twitter Stream API, and StreamListener class from tweepy, whenever a DM is received, I send requests to REST API which sends DM to the mentioned recipient.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,twitter,twitter-oauth,chatbot","A_Id":44717595,"CreationDate":"2017-06-19T14:15:00.000","Title":"Does twitter support webhooks for chatbots or should i use Stream API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When i execute the below command, it usually asks for the user input. How can we automate the user interaction in python script.\nos.system(\"openssl req -new -x509 -key privkey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 1095\")","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":322,"Q_Id":44667086,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For that specific command, you should not need any automation tool to feed input to your script. Piping a file to it should allow it to execute without user interaction (like Coldspeed said in his comment).\nMost command line interfaces allow parametrized execution and most parameters you can either build into your script or read them from a config file somewhere.\nFor those command line tools that require \"real\" user interaction (i.e. you can't pipe the input, parametrize it or somehow build it into the command itself), I used the pexpect module with great success.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,user-interface,automation","A_Id":44670539,"CreationDate":"2017-06-21T04:52:00.000","Title":"How can we automate the user interaction in python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a web app for my company that functions like a tool suite for non-technical employees to use. I'm using\nPython\nSelenium WebDriver,\nBeautifulSoup,\nSrapy,\nDjango\nIs it possible and is this the right approach?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":322,"Q_Id":44668401,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"\"The idea is to create a variety of methods that can be run by\n  clicking a button and\/or inserting content in inputs, and having the\n  tests \/ functions run and returning the specified results.\"\n\nMaybe Flask can help you here. It has a nice functionality to route urls to specific functions or methods in your code. It provides a convenient way to bind actions to code. You can search the web for how you can leverage Flask to cater to your specific needs, but here I just wanted to convey that it would help.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,selenium,beautifulsoup,scrapy","A_Id":44668515,"CreationDate":"2017-06-21T06:32:00.000","Title":"Selenium \/ Web crawling \/ Web scraping App in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am running some code with selenium using python, and I figured out that I need to dynamically change the UserAgent after I already created the webdriver. Any advice if it is possible and how this could be done? Just to highlight - I want to change it on the fly, after almost each GET or POST request I send","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1149,"Q_Id":44678133,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would go with creating a new driver and copy all the necessary attributes from the old driver except the user agent.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver,user-agent","A_Id":44678533,"CreationDate":"2017-06-21T13:53:00.000","Title":"Python selenium with chrome webdriver - change user agent","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to make a filter for packets that contain HTTP data, yet I don't have a clue on how to do so.\nI.E. Is there a way to filter packets using Scapy that are only HTTP?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3860,"Q_Id":44679656,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, you can. You can filter by TCP port 80 (checking each packet or using BPF) and then check the TCP payload to ensure there is an HTTP header.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,http,scapy","A_Id":44703791,"CreationDate":"2017-06-21T14:58:00.000","Title":"Using Scapy to fitler HTTP packets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for ways to scrape all tables on a certain website. The tables are formatted exactly the same in all subpages. The problem is, the urls of those subpages are in this way:\nurl1 = 'http...\/Tom',\nurl2 = 'http...\/Mary',\nurl3 = 'http...\/Jason', such that I cannot set a loop by altering the url incrementally. Are there any possible ways to solve this by pandas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":424,"Q_Id":44703138,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Another idea would be to use BeautifulSoup library first and get all the table elements from a webpage and then apply pd.read_html()","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pandas,beautifulsoup","A_Id":44703767,"CreationDate":"2017-06-22T15:05:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to use pandas to scrape html tables over multiple web pages?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a webhook that handles any sms messages sent to my Twilio number. However, this webhook only works if there is text in the message (there will be a body in the GET request). \nIs it possible to parse a message if it is a location message? e.g. if I send my current location to my Twilio number and it redirects this message as a GET request to the webhook, could I possibly retrieve that location?\nThis is what my webhook receives if I send my current location on an iPhone:\nat=info method=GET path=\"\/sms\/?ToCountry=US&MediaContentType0=text\/x-vcard&ToState=NJ&SmsMessageSid=MMde62b3369705a8f65f18abe5b7387c2b&NumMedia=1&ToCity=NEWARK&FromZip=07920&SmsSid=MMde62b3369705a8f65f18abe5b7387c2b&FromState=NJ&SmsStatus=received&FromCity=SOMERVILLE&Body=&FromCountry=US&To=%2B18627019482&ToZip=07102&NumSegments=1&MessageSid=MMde62b3369705a8f65f18abe5b7387c2b&AccountSid=ACe72df68a68db79d9a4ac6248df6e981e&From=%2B19083925806&MediaUrl0=https:\/\/api.twilio.com\/2010-04-01\/Accounts\/ACe72df68a68db79d9a4ac6248df6e981e\/Messages\/MMde62b3369705a8f65f18abe5b7387c2b\/Media\/MEcd56717ce17f3a320b06c4ee11df2243&ApiVersion=2010-04-01\"\nFor comparison, here's a normal text message:\nat=info method=GET path=\"\/sms\/?ToCountry=US&ToState=NJ&SmsMessageSid=SM4767dabb915fae749c7d5b59d6f655a2&NumMedia=0&ToCity=NEWARK&FromZip=07920&SmsSid=SM4767dabb915fae749c7d5b59d6f655a2&FromState=NJ&SmsStatus=received&FromCity=SOMERVILLE&Body=Denver+E+union&FromCountry=US&To=%2B18627019482&ToZip=07102&NumSegments=1&MessageSid=SM4767dabb915fae749c7d5b59d6f655a2&AccountSid=ACe72df68a68db79d9a4ac6248df6e981e&From=%2B19083925806&ApiVersion=2010-04-01\"\nIn the normal sms message, I can parse out the Body=Denver+E+union to get the message, but I'm not sure you could do anything with the content of the location message. \nIf I can't get the location, what are some other easy ways I could send a parseable location?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":525,"Q_Id":44728566,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I solved a similar problem by creating a basic webpage which uses the HTML5 geolocation function to get lat\/lng of the phone. It then submits coordinates to a php script via AJAX.\nMy server geocodes the employees location, calculates travelling time to next job and sends the customer an SMS with ETA information using the Twilio API.\nYou could bypass Twilio altogether and get your server to make the request direct to your webhook, or even via the AJAX call if it's all on the same domain. All depends what you are trying to achieve I guess.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,iphone,location,twilio","A_Id":44731799,"CreationDate":"2017-06-23T19:19:00.000","Title":"iPhone \"Send My Current Location\" to Twilio","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Just wondering if anyone could explain why I navigate to a webpage using Chrome and the request headers include Accept, Accept-Encoding, Accept-Language, Connection, Cookie, Host, Referer, Upgrade-Insecure-Request, and User-Agent but when I make a request via Python and print request.headers it only returns Connection, Accept-Encoding, Accept, and User-Agent even if I set the User-Agent to the same one I see in Chrome. Also I'm wondering if it's possible to return those request headers I see in Chrome rather than those I see in Python. Thank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":498,"Q_Id":44742686,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your using two different libraries (Chrome's internal http library and requests). It's very rare for two unrelated libraries to send the same set of headers, especially when one is from a browser. You could manually set those headers in requests but I'm not sure what you're trying to do","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,google-chrome,python-requests,request-headers","A_Id":44744069,"CreationDate":"2017-06-25T02:35:00.000","Title":"Python request.headers differs from what I see in Chrome","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm running automated tests with Selenium and Python on Macbook and two monitors. The big issue with the tests is that the tests kept appearing wherever I was working. E.g. the test start on monitor A and I was googling or reporting bugs on monitor B. When the test teardown and setup again, but on monitor B. \nIt's very frustrating and restricting me from doing work when the tests are running. I am looking for solutions that can command the tests to stay in one place or on one monitor.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":43,"Q_Id":44783953,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Run the tests in a virtual machine. They will appear in the window you've logged into the VM with, which you can put anywhere you like or minimize\/iconify and get on with your work.\n(the actual solution I used at work was to hire a junior test engineer to run and expand our Selenium tests, but that doesn't always apply)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,macos,selenium,automated-tests","A_Id":44784204,"CreationDate":"2017-06-27T15:15:00.000","Title":"How to command automated tests to stay at one place of the monitor","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Are there any TFTP libraries in Python to allow the PUT transfer of binary file to an IP address.\nIdeally I would rather use a built in library if this is not possible then calling the cmd via python would be acceptable.\nUsually if TFTP is installed in windows the command in command prompt would be:\n\ntftp -i xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx put example_filename.bin\n\nOne thing to note is that python is 32bit and running on a 64bit machine. I've been unable to run tftp using subprocess.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2164,"Q_Id":44796047,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can use TFTPy\nTFTPy is a pure Python implementation of the Trivial FTP protocol.\nTFTPy is a TFTP library for the Python programming language. It includes client and server classes, with sample implementations. Hooks are included for easy inclusion in a UI for populating progress indicators. It supports RFCs 1350, 2347, 2348 and the tsize option from RFC 2349.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,tftp","A_Id":44796119,"CreationDate":"2017-06-28T07:22:00.000","Title":"Running TFTP client\/library in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to choose any given node and build a subgraph for that node based on what distance degree I want. I need to input a node's ID, and specify the degree ( 1 = only direct friends, 2 = direct friends, and friends of friends, 3 = direct friends, friends of friends, friends of friends of friends and so on...) and generate a subgraph for that node's social network to that degree.\nDoes anyone know a good way to do this in networkx?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":169,"Q_Id":44810388,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I found the feature I'm looking for like, right after I posted this. It is the networkx ego_graph feature. networkx.github.io\/documentation\/networkx-1.10\/reference\/","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,social-networking,networkx","A_Id":44811313,"CreationDate":"2017-06-28T18:50:00.000","Title":"Generating NetworkX subgraphs based on distance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python program that handles sensor data. Most of the functionality takes place locally and requires no network connection. The one thing i want it to do with a client is send a continuous stream of data IF a client is connected but for everything else to run regardless of weather there is a connected client or not. The only setups I've managed before all required a client to connect before anything else could happen. \nHow do I set this up so my program doesn't depend on first having a client connected before it does anything??","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":44813676,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try to connect, and if it fails after n retries, consider you don't have a connection.\nThere are many strategies to setup retries, so search about it to figure what is best for you.\nThen if you can't connect, just keep going on after the failure...\nThat's about it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,dependencies","A_Id":44813734,"CreationDate":"2017-06-28T22:43:00.000","Title":"Python run certain functions with or without a client connection","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that continuously generates JSON object \n{ time: \"timestamp\", behaviour: 'random behaviour'} and display it on stdout.\nNow I want to build a web app and modify the script so that I can read continous data to my web page. I donno where to start from.\nWell in details: I want a web API to have an on\/off button and by clicking on it start reading the beahviour and on clicking off it stops. \nI am very new to programming so please suggest me topics and ways I need to study\/ look upon to make this app.\nthanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":38,"Q_Id":44829186,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Here's a simple way I'd go about doing it:\n\nCreate a backend service that exposes the python script's output via HTTP.  You can use any familiar backend programming language: python, java, .net etc to host a simple http web server, and expose the data.\nCreate a simple html page, that makes an ajax call to your backend service, pulls the data, and shows it on the page.\nLater add your buttons, make the page nicer, responsive on other devices.\n\nTopics to read depends on what you are missing above.  My best guess based on your question is that you are not familar with front end programming.  So read up on html, js, css and ajax.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rest,reactjs,web-applications,websocket","A_Id":44830106,"CreationDate":"2017-06-29T15:21:00.000","Title":"Web App to read data continously from another app","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have built a MITM with python and scapy.I want to make the \"victim\" device be redirected to a specific page each time it tried to access a website. Any suggestions on how to do it?\n*Keep in mind that all the traffic from the device already passes through my machine before being routed.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":141,"Q_Id":44851959,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can directly answer HTTP requests to pages different to that specific webpage with HTTP redirections (e.g. HTTP 302). Moreover, you should only route packets going to the desired webpage and block the rest (you can do so with a firewall such as iptables).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scapy","A_Id":44997621,"CreationDate":"2017-06-30T17:24:00.000","Title":"Python : Redirecting device with MITM","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to use selenium for a scraping job with a heap javascript generated webpages. I can open several instances of the webdriver at a time and pass the websites to the instances using queue.\nIt can be done in multiple way.s though. I've experimented with both the Threading module and the Pool- and Process-ways from the  multiprocessing module.\nAll work and will do the job quite fast.\nThis leaves me wondering: Which module is generalky prefered in a situation like this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":632,"Q_Id":44860570,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The main factor in CPython for choosing between Threads of Processes is based on your type of workload.\nIf you have a I\/O bound type of workload, where most of your application time is spent waiting for data to come in or to go out, then your best choice is using Threads.\nIf, instead, your application is spending great time using the CPU, then Processes are your tool of choice.\nThis is due to the fact that, in CPython (the most commonly used interpreter) only one Thread at a time can make use of the CPU cores. For more information regarding this limitation just read about the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL).\nThere is another advantage when using Processes which is usually overlooked: Processes allow to achieve a greater degree of isolation. This means that if you have some unstable code (in your case could be the scraping logic) which might hang or crash badly, encapsulating it in a separate Process allows your service to detect the anomaly and recover (kill the Process and restart it).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"multithreading,python-3.x,selenium-webdriver,multiprocessing","A_Id":44864054,"CreationDate":"2017-07-01T11:49:00.000","Title":"Threading or multiprocessing for webscraping with selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I couldn't find any API to configure my codeship project :(\nI have multiple repositories, and would like to allow the following steps programatically:\n\nList repositories of my team\ncreate a new repo pipeline (for each microservice I have a seperate repo)\nEdit pipeline steps scripts for newly created project (and for multiple projects \"at once\")\nCustomize a project's environment variables\ndelete an existing project\n\nIs there any way to do it?\nHow do I authenticate?\nEven if I have to do by recording network curls - is there a better way to authenticate other than pasting an existing cookie I copy from my own browsing? OAuth, user-password as header, etc.?\nI'm trying to write a python bot to do it, but will take any example code available!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":30,"Q_Id":44869606,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just noticed your question here on SO and figured I'd answer it here as well as your support ticket (so others can see the general answer).\nWe're actively working on a brand new API that will allow access to both Basic and Pro projects. The target for general availability is currently at the beginning of Aug '17. We'll be having a closed beta before then (where you're on the list)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,codeship","A_Id":45087672,"CreationDate":"2017-07-02T10:05:00.000","Title":"configuring codeship via code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can import BeautifulSoup using Python 2.7 but not when I try using Python 3.6, even though BeautifulSoup claims to work on both?\nSorry this is my first question so apologies if it's trivial or if I haven't used the proper conventions.\n\n\n\nfrom BeautifulSoup import *\n      Traceback (most recent call last):\n        File \"\", line 1, in \n        File \"\/Users\/tobiecusson\/Desktop\/Python\/Ch3-PythonForWebData\/AssignmentWeek4\/BeautifulSoup.py\", line 448\n          raise AttributeError, \"'%s' object has no attribute '%s'\" % (self.class.name, attr)\n                              ^\n      SyntaxError: invalid syntax\nfrom BS4 import BeautifulSoup\n      Traceback (most recent call last):\n        File \"\", line 1, in \n        File \"\/Users\/tobiecusson\/Desktop\/Python\/Ch3-PythonForWebData\/AssignmentWeek4\/BS4.py\", line 448\n          raise AttributeError, \"'%s' object has no attribute '%s'\" % (self.class.name, attr)\n                              ^\n      SyntaxError: invalid syntax","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":289,"Q_Id":44870168,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just noticed - you're importing from BeautifulSoup.\nTry from bs4 import *","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"beautifulsoup,python-3.6","A_Id":44872494,"CreationDate":"2017-07-02T11:11:00.000","Title":"Python 3.6 Beautiful Soup - Attribute Error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to get selenium to use chromedriver on mac.\nI have downloaded the mac version of chromedriver and added it to the same folder as my python file. I am then using:\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome()\nhowever it doesn't seem to be opening.\nThis works fine in windows but just not working on mac. anyone got any ideas?\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15055,"Q_Id":44870294,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"You might need to install it with :\nbrew cask install chromedriver or \nbrew install chromedriver\nand then do \nwhich chromedriver\nYou will get the relevant path.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,macos,selenium,webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":53889254,"CreationDate":"2017-07-02T11:26:00.000","Title":"Selenium chromedriver in relative path for mac and python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to use Selenium on Python but I have an alert message: \n\ndriver-webdriver.Chrome(\"D:\\Selenium\\Chrome\\chromedriver.exe\") NameError: name 'driver' is not defined \n\nI have installed the Chrome Driver, what else must I do ?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":20826,"Q_Id":44944636,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"chromedriver.exe must be in python path, probably now python expects that driver exists in \"D:\\Selenium\\Chrome\\chromedriver.exe\" but it does not. You could try add chromedriver.exe path to windows enviroment path variable, or add path to os.path in python, or add driver to folder of python script.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":44944883,"CreationDate":"2017-07-06T09:14:00.000","Title":"\"Driver is not defined\" Python\/Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a web app built by Django, front-end is built by React. I tried to test bdd with behave and selenium. I run a test with Chrome web driver and phantomjs one but the tests only passed using chrome. I captured a screenshot when it runs on phantom and saw that the page is not fully rendered. Please give some suggestions about this issue. Do I need do further configuration to test with phantomjs. Thank you.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":105,"Q_Id":44967663,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You have 3 options:\n\nimplicitly_wait:\n\nImplicitly wait means that the it will wait for a maximum of x seconds to search for an element so if you element will appear after 4 seconds you will get it when it will appear second if you set the implicitly wait greater than 4seconds.\nUse driver.implicitly_wait(x) after creating the instance.\n\nexplicitly_wait:\n\nExplicitly wait means the it will wait for x seconds and it will search for the element after the seconds passed so if you set 10 seconds and the element will appear after 4 seconds the element will be located with 6 seconds delay.\nUse driver.explicitly_wait(x) after creating the instance\n\ntime.sleep\n\nYou can put your program to sleep and wait for the page to fully load after submitting some actions.\nUse time.sleep(x) after submitting a form, clicking a button or loading a page.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,phantomjs,bdd","A_Id":44968416,"CreationDate":"2017-07-07T09:45:00.000","Title":"BDD - Test pass on chrome but not on Phantomjs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a web app built by Django, front-end is built by React. I tried to test bdd with behave and selenium. I run a test with Chrome web driver and phantomjs one but the tests only passed using chrome. I captured a screenshot when it runs on phantom and saw that the page is not fully rendered. Please give some suggestions about this issue. Do I need do further configuration to test with phantomjs. Thank you.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":105,"Q_Id":44967663,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try adding an explicit wait on a locator (waitForElementToBePresent) that exists on the part of page that is not rendered on Phantomjs.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,phantomjs,bdd","A_Id":44968229,"CreationDate":"2017-07-07T09:45:00.000","Title":"BDD - Test pass on chrome but not on Phantomjs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a web app built by Django, front-end is built by React. I tried to test bdd with behave and selenium. I run a test with Chrome web driver and phantomjs one but the tests only passed using chrome. I captured a screenshot when it runs on phantom and saw that the page is not fully rendered. Please give some suggestions about this issue. Do I need do further configuration to test with phantomjs. Thank you.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":105,"Q_Id":44967663,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is a common problem with PhantomJS (the page not being fully rendered), and often isn't something that can be remedied with explicit\/implicit waits. Add a long (5 second) sleep to your code and take another screenshot. \nIf the page is fully rendered, follow @Alex Lucaci's instructions for adding (ideally) explicit waits.\nIf the page still isn't fully rendered, PhantomJS just wont work for you in this case. Personally, I would advise against using PhantomJS at all, as it is problematic in a myriad of ways, but also because why would you test on a browser that literally no one uses as their actual browser?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,phantomjs,bdd","A_Id":44972125,"CreationDate":"2017-07-07T09:45:00.000","Title":"BDD - Test pass on chrome but not on Phantomjs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"how to add trigger s3 bucket to lambda function with boto3, then I want attach that lambda function to dynamically created s3 buckets using programmatically(boto3)","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3218,"Q_Id":44982302,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Three steps I followed\n1) connected to aws lambda with boto3 used add_permission API\n2)also applyed get_policy\n3)connected to S3 with boto resource to  configuring BucketNotification API,put LambdaFunctionConfigurations","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-2.7,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,aws-lambda,aws-sdk","A_Id":45005925,"CreationDate":"2017-07-08T03:50:00.000","Title":"how to add the trigger s3 bucket to lambda function dynamically(python boto3 API)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a large application and I am using Headless Chrome, Selenium and Python to test each module. I want to go through each module and get all the JS console errors produced while inside that specific module.\nHowever, since each module is inside a different test case and each case executes in a separate session, the script first has to login on every test. The login process itself produces a number of errors that show up in the console. When testing each module I don't want the unrelated login errors to appear in the log.\nBasically, clear anything that is in the logs right now -> go to the module and do something -> get logs that have been added to the console.\nIs this not possible? I tried doing driver.execute_script(\"console.clear()\") but the messages in the console were not removed and the login-related messages were still showing after doing something and printing the logs.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3566,"Q_Id":44991009,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This thread is a few years old, but in case anyone else finds themselves here trying to solve a similar problem:\nI also tried using driver.execute_script('console.clear()') to clear the console log between my login process and the page I wanted to check to no avail.\nIt turns out that calling driver.get_log('browser') returns the browser log and also clears it.\nAfter navigating through pages for which you want to ignore the console logs, you can clear them with something like\n_ = driver.get_log('browser')","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,google-chrome,selenium","A_Id":70308976,"CreationDate":"2017-07-08T21:44:00.000","Title":"Clear Chrome browser logs in Selenium\/Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a beginner trying to find a way to stream audio on a local server. I have a Python script that creates some binary data from a robot's microphone, and I want to send this data to be displayed on a local Go server I created.\nI read somewhere that web sockets could be a solution.\nBut what's the simplest way to upload the audio buffers from the Python script? And how would I retrieve this raw binary data so that it can be streamed from the web app?\nMany many thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":268,"Q_Id":45014245,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no single \"Best\" way.  If the protocol has to go over ports 80\/443 on the open internet, you could use web-sockets.  You could also POST base64 encoded chunks of data from python back to your server.  \nIf the robot and server are on the same network, you could send UDP packets from the robot to your server.  (Usually a missing packet or two on audio is not a problem).  Even if you have a web based Go server, you can still fire off a go routine to listen on UDP for incoming packets.  \nIf you could be more specific, maybe I or someone else could give a better answer?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,go,stream,buffer,transfer","A_Id":45017089,"CreationDate":"2017-07-10T14:08:00.000","Title":"Transfer audio buffers from a Python script to a Go server?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I built a program to go on a website and click a link which automatically downloads a file. It works when I run it on my mac (Chrome), but when I use the exact same code on AWS, nothing gets downloaded. \nIf it helps at all, I tried to expedite the process and found the raw link, I could download that via wget but not through python (on any computer).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":39,"Q_Id":45022643,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are many things that could happen. You sould check your logs and add them to the question. One thing I am sure in is that you don't use any virtual display, and you don't have a display on AWS. So you should google for \"python running selenium headless\"","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,amazon-web-services,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":45022691,"CreationDate":"2017-07-10T22:32:00.000","Title":"Link doesn't work on AWS with Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I just recently bought an Acer Chromebook 11 and I would like to do some Python programming on it. How do I run Python from a USB stick on an Acer Chromebook 11? (Also, I don't have access to wifi at the place I want to use it.)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":455,"Q_Id":45037029,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"On some chromebooks, like the one I'm using now, there is a Linux(beta) option in the options menu. Alternatively, you can use repl.it instead, although be aware that playing sound and using geocoder will work server-side instead, so the sound will not play, and the ip adress will be in New York.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-chrome-os","A_Id":58956274,"CreationDate":"2017-07-11T14:13:00.000","Title":"Programming with Python using Chrome OS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I've decided to learn Python and after getting a handle on the basic syntax of the language, decided to write a \"practice\" program that utilizes various modules.\nI have a basic curses interface made already, but before I get too far I want to make sure that I can redirect standard input and output over a network connection. In effect, I want to be able to \"serve\" this curses application over a TCP\/IP connection.\nIs this possible and if so, how can I redirect the input and output of curses over a network socket?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":779,"Q_Id":45062817,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"This probably won't work well.  curses has to know what sort of terminal (or terminal emulator, these days) it's talking to, in order to choose the appropriate control characters for working with it.  If you simply redirect stdin\/stdout, it's going to have no way of knowing what's at the other end of the connection.\nThe normal way of doing something like this is to leave the program's stdin\/stdout alone, and just run it over a remote login.  The remote access software (telnet, ssh, or whatever) will take care of identifying the remote terminal type, and letting the program know about it via environment variables.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,sockets,curses","A_Id":45063103,"CreationDate":"2017-07-12T16:09:00.000","Title":"Python3 - curses input\/output over a network socket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to know how to send custom header (or metadata) using Python gRPC. I looked into documents and I couldn't find anything.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":12988,"Q_Id":45071567,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you metadata has one key\/value you can only use list(eg: [(key, value)]) ,If you metadata has Mult k\/v you should use list(eg: [(key1, value1), (key2,value2)]) or tuple(eg: ((key1, value1), (key2,value2))","Q_Score":9,"Tags":"python,grpc","A_Id":70484074,"CreationDate":"2017-07-13T04:43:00.000","Title":"How to send custom header (metadata) with Python gRPC?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using Qpid for python, I am using the Container to connect to ActiveMq with the connector URL as:\nusername:password@hostname:5672\/topicName. \nIn the web console i can see that for AMQP the connection is up . But instead of subscribing to existing topic it create a new queue with that name . \nCan someone help me in the format which has to be given to subscribe for a topic. Or if i am missing something please point me in right direction. \nThank You.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":278,"Q_Id":45087840,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Found out that the issue was , In On_start method we have to use event.container.create_receiver() and the URL has to be in format topic:\/\/","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,activemq,qpid,jms-topic","A_Id":45198167,"CreationDate":"2017-07-13T17:53:00.000","Title":"Qpid for python , Not able to subscribe for a topic","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using Qpid for python, I am using the Container to connect to ActiveMq with the connector URL as:\nusername:password@hostname:5672\/topicName. \nIn the web console i can see that for AMQP the connection is up . But instead of subscribing to existing topic it create a new queue with that name . \nCan someone help me in the format which has to be given to subscribe for a topic. Or if i am missing something please point me in right direction. \nThank You.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":278,"Q_Id":45087840,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm not entirely sure of the Qpid for python URI syntax but from the ActiveMQ side a destination is addressed directly by using a destination prefix.  For a topic the prefix is topic:\/\/ and for queue it is queue:\/\/ unsurprisingly.  In the absence of a prefix the broker defaults the address in question to a Queue type as that is generally the preference.  \nSo to fix your issue you need to construct a URI that uses the correct prefix which in your case would be something using topic:\/\/some-name and that should get you the results you expect.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,activemq,qpid,jms-topic","A_Id":45104859,"CreationDate":"2017-07-13T17:53:00.000","Title":"Qpid for python , Not able to subscribe for a topic","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Attempting to count how many servers\/guilds my bot is in.\nI've check a few forums before, and seems like for do it, I need to use the len().\nI tried making it, by doing the follow command:\nGuilds = len([s] for s in self.servers)\nWhen doing it, I get the following error:\n\"TypeError: object of type 'generator' has no len()\"\nI'm not sure of what I'm doing wrong. Could someone help me?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":706,"Q_Id":45089263,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You are doing a comprehension that results in a generator.\nYou can probably fix it by doing len([s for s in self.servers]).\nEDIT: \nGenerator is an object that does not hold elements in memory but you can still loop over them. Since it doesn't create a list from which to ask the length from you can't perform len().","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bots,discord","A_Id":45089303,"CreationDate":"2017-07-13T19:15:00.000","Title":"Couting Discord Bot's Guilds(In Python)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing this application where the user can perform a web search to obtain some information from a particular website.\nEverything works well except when I'm connected to the Internet via Proxy (it's a corporate proxy).\nThe thing is, it works sometimes.\nBy sometimes I mean that if it stops working, all I have to do is to use any web browser (Chrome, IE, etc.) to surf the internet and then python's requests start working as before.\nThe error I get is:\nOSError('Tunnel connection failed: 407 Proxy Authentication Required',)\nMy guess is that some sort of credentials are validated and the proxy tunnel is up again.\nI tried with the proxies handlers but it remains the same.\nMy doubts are:\n\nHow do I know if the proxy need authentication, and if so, how to do it without hardcoding the username and password since this application will be used by others?\nIs there a way to use the Windows default proxy configuration so it will work like the browsers do?\nWhat do you think that happens when I surf the internet and then the python requests start working again?\n\nI tried with requests and urllib.request\nAny help is appreciated.\nThank you!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1617,"Q_Id":45156592,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Check if there is any proxy setting in chrome","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,proxy,python-requests,urllib","A_Id":45156637,"CreationDate":"2017-07-18T02:39:00.000","Title":"Python URL Request under corporate proxy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to figure out a way to get a users access key age through an aws lambda function using Python 3.6 and Boto 3. My issue is that I can't seem to find the right api call to use if any exists for this purpose. The two closest that I can seem to find are list_access_keys which I can use to find the creation date of the key. And get_access_key_last_used which can give me the day the key was last used. However neither or others I can seem to find give simply the access key age like is shown in the AWS IAM console users view. Does a way exist to get simply the Access key age?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5998,"Q_Id":45156934,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Upon further testing, I've come up with the following which runs in Lambda. This function in python3.6 will email users if their IAM keys are 90 days or older.\nPre-requisites \nall IAM users have an email tag with a proper email address as the value.\nExample; \n\nIAM user tag key: email \nIAM user tag value: someone@gmail.com\n\nevery email used, needs to be confirmed in SES\n\n    import boto3, os, time, datetime, sys, json\n    from datetime import date\n    from botocore.exceptions import ClientError\n\n    iam = boto3.client('iam')\n    email_list = []\n    def lambda_handler(event, context):\n        print(\"All IAM user emails that have AccessKeys 90 days or older\")\n        for userlist in iam.list_users()['Users']:\n                userKeys = iam.list_access_keys(UserName=userlist['UserName'])\n                for keyValue in userKeys['AccessKeyMetadata']:\n                        if keyValue['Status'] == 'Active':\n                                currentdate = date.today()\n                                active_days = currentdate - \\\n                                    keyValue['CreateDate'].date()\n                                if active_days >= datetime.timedelta(days=90):\n                                    userTags = iam.list_user_tags(\n                                        UserName=keyValue['UserName'])\n                                    email_tag = list(filter(lambda tag: tag['Key'] == 'email', userTags['Tags']))\n                                    if(len(email_tag) == 1):\n                                        email = email_tag[0]['Value']\n                                        email_list.append(email)\n                                        print(email)\n\n        email_unique = list(set(email_list))\n        print(email_unique)\n        RECIPIENTS = email_unique\n        SENDER = \"AWS SECURITY \"\n        AWS_REGION = os.environ['region']\n        SUBJECT = \"IAM Access Key Rotation\"\n        BODY_TEXT = (\"Your IAM Access Key need to be rotated in AWS Account: 123456789 as it is 3 months or older.\\r\\n\"\n                    \"Log into AWS and go to your IAM user to fix: https:\/\/console.aws.amazon.com\/iam\/home?#security_credential\"\n                    )\n        BODY_HTML = \"\"\"\n        AWS Security: IAM Access Key Rotation: Your IAM Access Key need to be rotated in AWS Account: 123456789 as it is 3 months or older. Log into AWS and go to your https:\/\/console.aws.amazon.com\/iam\/home?#security_credential to create a new set of keys. Ensure to disable \/ remove your previous key pair.\n                    \"\"\"            \n        CHARSET = \"UTF-8\"\n        client = boto3.client('ses',region_name=AWS_REGION)\n        try:\n            response = client.send_email(\n                Destination={\n                    'ToAddresses': RECIPIENTS,\n                },\n                Message={\n                    'Body': {\n                        'Html': {\n                            'Charset': CHARSET,\n                            'Data': BODY_HTML,\n                        },\n                        'Text': {\n                            'Charset': CHARSET,\n                            'Data': BODY_TEXT,\n                        },\n                    },\n                    'Subject': {\n                        'Charset': CHARSET,\n                        'Data': SUBJECT,\n                    },\n                },\n                Source=SENDER,\n            )\n        except ClientError as e:\n            print(e.response['Error']['Message'])\n        else:\n            print(\"Email sent! Message ID:\"),\n            print(response['MessageId'])","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,amazon-web-services,boto3,amazon-iam","A_Id":57577221,"CreationDate":"2017-07-18T03:23:00.000","Title":"Getting access key age AWS Boto3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have existing REST APIs, written using Django Rest Framework and now due to some client requirements I have to expose some of them as SOAP web services. \nI want to know how to go about writing a wrapper in python so that I can expose some of my REST APIs as SOAP web services. OR should I make SOAP web services separately and reuse code ?\nI know this is an odd situation but any help would be greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3292,"Q_Id":45279148,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Lets Discuss both the Approaches and their pros and cons\nSeperate SOAP Service \n\nReusing Same Code -  if you are sure the code changes will not impact the two code flow ,it is good to go.\nExtension of Features - if you are sure that new feature extension will not impact other parts it is again best to go.\nScalablity - if new API are part of same application and you are sure that it will be scalable with more load ,it is again a good option.\nExtension - if you are sure in future adding more API will not create a mess of code, it is again good to go for.\n\nSoap Wrapper Using Python (my favourate and suggested way to go)\n\nSeperation of Concern with this you can make sure ,what ever code you write is sperate from main logic and you can easly plug in and plug out new things.\n\nAnswer for all the above question in case of this is YES.\nYour Call ,\nComments and critisicsm are most welcome","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"django,python-3.x,rest,soap,django-rest-framework","A_Id":45458723,"CreationDate":"2017-07-24T11:13:00.000","Title":"Write a wrapper to expose existing REST APIs as SOAP web services?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm building a web scraper that makes multiple requests concurrently. I'm currently using the multiprocessing module to do so, but since it's running on a Digital Ocean droplet, I'm running into processor\/memory bottlenecks.\nSince this is a web scraper and most of the time spent on the script is likely waiting for the network, isn't it more efficient to use threading instead in order to reduce resource usage? Does threading detect a blocking network call and release locks? Is it feasible to intertwine multiprocessing and multithreading?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":384,"Q_Id":45314387,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Since the multiprocessing module was developed to be largely compatible with the threading model that pre-dates it, you should hopefully not find it too difficult to move to threaded operations in a single process.\nAny blocking calls (I\/O, mostly) will cause the calling thread to be suspended (become non-runnable) and other threads will therefore get chance to use the CPU.\nWhile it's possible to use multi-threading in multiple processes, it isn't usual to do so.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,multithreading,web-scraping,multiprocessing","A_Id":45314501,"CreationDate":"2017-07-25T22:13:00.000","Title":"Multiprocess vs multithreading for network operations","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I just started using vk api in python and I am looking for a way to get more than 200 videos (possibly by using multiple api calls) for a specific query. \nTo be more specific, each api call to video.search returns the number of videos that the search yields (the same number can be seen when searching from the website). Is there a way to get let's say the next videos in that list?\nthanks!\n:-)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2021,"Q_Id":45349838,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The answer is to use the 'offset' parameter. I was not aware of it when I asked the question...\nI was able to get max of about 4K videos but it take more than 20 API calls as some of the results are repeated i.e., if on the first call I got 200 videos on the second API call with offset 200 I am getting a list of 200 videos but some of them already appeared in the previous list.\nIn addition, you don't always get 200 videos. Sometimes you will get less (and still repetitions are possible).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,vk","A_Id":46219457,"CreationDate":"2017-07-27T11:42:00.000","Title":"Get more than 200 results on vk vides.search api","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What does the parameter of 1 mean in the listen(1) method of socket. I am using the socket module in python 2.7 and I have created a basic server that I want to connect to multiple clients (all on a local machine) and transmit data between them. I know there a simpler ways of doing this but I want practice for when the clients would not all be on the same machine and may need to retrieve something from the server first so could not bypass it. I was wondering if the 1 in listen referred to the amount of connections the server would make at a single time and if not what it did mean. I really want to understand in detail how parts of the process work so any help would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6274,"Q_Id":45370731,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"It defines the length of the backlog queue, which is the number of incoming connections that have been completed by the TCP\/IP stack but not yet accepted by the application.\nIt has nothing whatsoever to do with the number of concurrent connections that the server can handle.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,sockets,tcp,server,client","A_Id":45371518,"CreationDate":"2017-07-28T10:11:00.000","Title":"What does the parameter of 1 mean in `listen(1)` method of socket module in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am fairly new to Python, but i was wondering if i could utilize Python and its modules. To retrieve a href from page 1, and then the first paragraph in page 2.\nQ2: Also, how could I scrape the first 10 link hrefs with the same div class on page one, and then scrape the first 10 paragraphs, while looping?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":460,"Q_Id":45373514,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Yes, I believe you should be able to.\nTry to lookup the requests and beautifulsoup python modules.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,screen-scraping","A_Id":45373618,"CreationDate":"2017-07-28T12:26:00.000","Title":"Can Python get a Href link on page one, and then get a paragraph from page 2?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm playing around writing a simple multi-threaded web crawler. I see a lot of sources talk about web crawlers as obviously parallel because you can start crawling from different URLs, but I never see them discuss how web crawlers handle URLs that they've already seen before. It seems that some sort of global map would be essential to avoid re-crawling the same pages over and over, but how would the critical section be structured? How fine grained can the locks be to maximize performance? I just want to see a good example that's not too dense and not too simplistic.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":875,"Q_Id":45405321,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"for crawler don't use ConcurrentHashMap, rather use Databse\nThe number of visisted URL's will grow very fast, so it is not a good thing to store them in memory, better use a databese, store the URL and the date it was last crawled, then just check the URL if it already exists in DB or is eligible for refreshing. I use for example a Derby DB in embedded mode, and it works perfectly for my web crawler. I don't advise to use in memory DB like H2, because with the number of crawled pages you eventually will get OutOfMemoryException.\nYou will rather rarely have the case of crawling the same page more than once in the same time, so checking in DB if it was already crawled recently is enough to not waste significant resources on \"re-crawling the same pages over and over\". I belive this is \"a good solution that's not too dense and not too simplistic\"\nAlso, using Databse with the \"last visit date\" for url, you can stop and continue the work when you want, with ConcurrentHashMap you will loose all the results when app exit. You can use \"last visit date\" for url to determine if it needs recrawling or not.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,multithreading,concurrency,web-crawler","A_Id":45405432,"CreationDate":"2017-07-30T22:26:00.000","Title":"Do concurrent web crawlers typically store visited URLs in a concurrent map, or use synchronization to avoid crawling the same pages twice?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm playing around writing a simple multi-threaded web crawler. I see a lot of sources talk about web crawlers as obviously parallel because you can start crawling from different URLs, but I never see them discuss how web crawlers handle URLs that they've already seen before. It seems that some sort of global map would be essential to avoid re-crawling the same pages over and over, but how would the critical section be structured? How fine grained can the locks be to maximize performance? I just want to see a good example that's not too dense and not too simplistic.","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":875,"Q_Id":45405321,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Specific domain use case : Use in memory \nIf it is specific domain say abc.com then it is better to have vistedURL set or Concurrent hash map in memory, in memory will be faster to check visited status, memory consumption will be comparatively less. DB will have IO overhead and it is costly and visited status check will be very frequent. It will hit your performance drastically. As per your use case, you can use in memory or DB. My use case was specific to domain where visited URL will not be  again visited so I used Concurrent hash map.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,python,multithreading,concurrency,web-crawler","A_Id":45409820,"CreationDate":"2017-07-30T22:26:00.000","Title":"Do concurrent web crawlers typically store visited URLs in a concurrent map, or use synchronization to avoid crawling the same pages twice?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I can get html of a web site using lxml module if authentication is not required. However, when it required, how do I input 'User Name' and 'Password' using python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":29,"Q_Id":45406471,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It very much depends on the method of authentication used. If it's HTTP Basic Auth, then you should be able to pass those headers along with the request. If it's using a web page-based login, you'll need to automate that request and pass back the cookies or whatever session token is used with the next request.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,authentication,login,web-crawler,lxml","A_Id":45406522,"CreationDate":"2017-07-31T01:51:00.000","Title":"How to get html using python when the site requires authenticasion?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to make game server emulator (with uses probably SSLv3 for communicating)\nAnd I'm trying to make SSL socket with SSLv3 support\nHere is the line with causes problem:context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv3_METHOD)\nIs resulting with this: ValueError: No such protocol\nAdditionally i tryed to use SSL.SSLv23_METHOD - works but while client is trying to connect i'm getting this error: \nOpenSSL.SSL.Error: [('SSL routines', 'tls_process_client_hello', 'version too low')]\nAs you can see I'm getting the 'version too low' error, that's why I'm trying to make the SSLv3 server.\nIs there any way to fix that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1451,"Q_Id":45408669,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"SSLv3 is considered insecure and should no longer be used. Because of this many current installation of OpenSSL come without support for SSLv3, i.e. it is not compiled into the library. In this case you get the error about unsupported method if you try to explicitly use it and you get a similar error if the SSL handshake fails because the peer tries to use this locally unsupported TLS version.\n\nIs there any way to fix that?\n\nDon't try to enforce use of SSLv3. Instead use the sane and secure default protocol setting.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,ssl","A_Id":45409087,"CreationDate":"2017-07-31T06:17:00.000","Title":"Python: SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv3_METHOD) = No such protocol","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"With python social auth, when a user is logged in when he clicks 'Login with Facebook' or similar.  \nThe request.user is not the newly logged in facebook user but the old logged in user. \n\nlog in with email test1@gmail.com\nlog in with facebook email test-facebook@gmail.com\n\nLogged in user (request.user) is still test1@gmail.com\nIs this intended behavior? \nIs there a way to fix this or should I not present log-in unless he's not logged out?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":49,"Q_Id":45412902,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If there's a user already logged in in your app, then python-social-auth will associate the social account with that user, if it should be another user, then the first must be logged out. Basically python-social-auth will create new users if there's none logged in at the moment, otherwise it will associate the the social account.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"django,python-social-auth","A_Id":45424674,"CreationDate":"2017-07-31T10:05:00.000","Title":"python social auth, log in without logging out","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm currently working on a stockdashboard for myself using the alpha vantage REST API. My problem is that I want to get many stockprices from a list of tickers that I have, without using many requests to get all the prices from all the stocks. And also limiting the information I get from each stock to just being the stockprice for each stock. How would I query the alpha vantage api to not overload their servers with requests?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1394,"Q_Id":45464559,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"I soon found out that Alpha Vantage doesn't support this, so I created a scraper instead to use on another website to get the information with one request, it isn't really fast, but that doesn't really matter that much right now since it will be rendered with ajax on a frontend framework, but later it should be optimized.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rest,alpha-vantage","A_Id":45515124,"CreationDate":"2017-08-02T15:07:00.000","Title":"Alpha vantage Multiple stockprices, few requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I use read_edgelist function of networkx to read a graph's edges from a file(500Mb), G(nodes= 2.3M, edges=33M), it uses the whole memory of machine and seems nothing it does after not finding more memory to load whole graph. \nIs there any way to handle this problem like sparse graph solution or using other libraries?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":128,"Q_Id":45464760,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"NetworkX uses a sparse representation; and read_edgelist reads the file line by line (ie. it does not load the whole file at once).\nSo if NetworkX uses too much memory, it means this is actually what it takes to represent the whole graph in memory.\nA possible solution is to read the file yourself and discard as much edges as possible before feeding it to NetworkX.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sparse-matrix,networkx","A_Id":45505004,"CreationDate":"2017-08-02T15:16:00.000","Title":"Is there any way to handle memory usage in read_edgelist of networkx in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using a package in python , i am trying to access methods with simple print i come up with this error\n\nConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='xxx.xxxxx.xxx', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: \/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=DeCCWZWAKajv8werhIGAAw (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:661)'),))\n\nis it python error or os level error \nplease help me in it \nthanks in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3035,"Q_Id":45479246,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I have a pretty much of an idea what you are trying to do with your code. \nThe error you are getting is not neither from the python module nor it's an OS error -  it says that the website does not use CA certificates which requests module use to request and fetch data\nThe requests modules fails to make successful handshake - it can be possible that you are not allowed to access that website or the website has its own custom security and bots that not working\nFortunately you can create connection pools (proxies) or use httpadapters. requests module can also be used to verify certificates so you can try a bunch of things to make it work.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,ssl,connection","A_Id":53810560,"CreationDate":"2017-08-03T08:47:00.000","Title":"ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:661)'),))","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my Django application, I call an external API, which returns XML. I would like to display this \"minified\" response as an indented multiline string on the page (a plus would be syntax highlighting). I tried to process the string in Python with toprettyxml() from xml.dom.minidom, and a few things with ElementTree, but it does not play along the Jinja2 rendering well (line breaks disappear and I only get a one line string, displayed inside <pre> tags).\nWhat's the recommended way to display such code excerpt?\nShould I use client-side rendering? Then, which library should I use?\nDjango version: 1.11.2\nPython 3.6.1","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":425,"Q_Id":45504829,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This isn't anything to do with Python or Jinja2, but just down to how browsers render text within HTML.\nIf you want to preserve spacing and indentation, you need to wrap your content with <pre>...<\/pre> tags.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,django,jinja2","A_Id":45504945,"CreationDate":"2017-08-04T10:45:00.000","Title":"How to display indented xml inside a django webpage?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am not talking about the softwares like surf online, HTtrack, or any other 'save page' feature of browsers but I need to know how actually it happens in the background. I am interested in making my own program to do that.\nAlso is it possible to do in JavaScript. If yes what are the libraries I should look into or any other APIs that could be helpful. Please give me any kind of information about the topic I couldn't find any relevant thing to contribute my research.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":188,"Q_Id":45517437,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Download entire HTML content of the web page \nFor JS files, look for the <script> tags and download the js file using the src attribute or any inline scripts inside the tag\nFor CSS, use <link> tag to download the CSS file and also look for any <style> tags for inline CSS styling\nFor Images, scan for <img> tag and download the image using src attribute\n\nSame approach can be used for audio\/video etc","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,php,python,angularjs,web","A_Id":45517697,"CreationDate":"2017-08-05T01:40:00.000","Title":"How to get all files like: js,css,images from a website to save it for offline use?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using a ROUTER-to-DEALER design and in-between I'm doing some processing, mainly unserialized my data. But sometimes I need to re-send a payload in backend so to a Worker destination.\nRe-send a payload is easy but I need to re-send it to a new worker ( a free one or at least not the same worker ).\nI noticed that *_multipart function holds three fields with the first one an address ( to a worker ? ). \nQ: Is there a way to find address of a free worker?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":56,"Q_Id":45527740,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"ZeroMQ provides feature-rich tools, all the rest above is Designer's job:\nGiven the task description above, the possible approach is to create an application-level logic ( a distributed Finite State Automaton ( dFSA ) with certain depth of process-state memory ), where task-phases' processors report ( guess how -- again by a parallel ZeroMQ signalling \/ messaging dFSA infrastructure ) achieving ( { enter- | exit- }-triggered state-change ) any of the recognised states and the dFSA logic will thus on the global scale permit to orchestrate and operate the above requested \"side\"-steps, \"branches\" and\/or \"re-submit\"-s and similar cr\u00e9me a'la cr\u00e9me tricks.\nEach ( free )-worker simply always notifies the dFSA-infrastructure it's ( task-unit )-exit-triggered state-change and your dFSA-infrastructure thus always knows + does not search ad-hoc for an address of any such worker, as it explicitly continuously keeps records on free-state dFSA-nodes ( to pick from ). Re-discovery, watch-dogs, heart-beats and re-confirmation handshaking schemes are also possible within the dFSA-infrastructure signalling.\nThat simple.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,zeromq,pyzmq","A_Id":45527870,"CreationDate":"2017-08-06T01:10:00.000","Title":"How to re-send a payload to a free worker in ZeroMQ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been struggling with this for a while and I'm just trying to get the payload that returns after someone clicks a quick reply. Has anyone dealt with this in python for messenger?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":352,"Q_Id":45538613,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"While postbacks return a payload, all a quick reply does is allow the users to send text by clicking a button. You can handle a quick reply the same way you would handle text input.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,chatbot,facebook-messenger-bot,facebook-chatbot","A_Id":45578431,"CreationDate":"2017-08-07T02:29:00.000","Title":"Getting quick replies from response in messenger bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python file that is taking websocket data and constantly updating a giant list. It updates somewhere between 2 to 10 times a second. This file runs constantly. \nI want to be able to call that list from a different file so this file can process that data and do something else with it. \nBasically file 1 is a worker that keeps the current state in a list, I need to be able to get this state from file 2. \nI have 2 questions:\nIs there any way of doing this easily? I guess the most obvious answers are storing the list in a file or a DB, which leads me to my second question; \nGiven that the list is updating somewhere between 2 and 10 times a second, which would be better? a file or a db? can these IO functions handle these types of update speeds?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":25,"Q_Id":45540633,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"DB is the best bet for your use case\n\nThis gives the flexibility to know which part of data you have already processed by having a status flag.\nPersistence data (you can also have data replication)\nYou can scale easily if in future your applications pulls more and more data\n\n2 -10 times is a good use case for heavy write application with DB as you will gather tons of data in short duration.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,variables","A_Id":45540781,"CreationDate":"2017-08-07T06:31:00.000","Title":"return data from another python file that's constantly updating","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to create a table in a browser that's been created with python. That part can be done by using DataTable of the bokeh library. The problem is that I want to extract data from the table when a user gives his\/her input in the table itself. \nAny library of python I could use to do this? It would better if I could do this with bokeh though.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1099,"Q_Id":45540638,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If your requirement is to create an application using Python and users will access via browser and update some data into a table?\nUse Django or any web framework, basically, you are trying to build a web app!!\nor\nif you are looking for something else do mention your requirement thoroughly.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,html,bokeh","A_Id":45540958,"CreationDate":"2017-08-07T06:31:00.000","Title":"Extract user input to python from a table created in browser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm creating a Facebook Messenger Bot thats powered by a python backend.\nI'm promoting my bot via FB ads and am trying to figure out if theres any possible way to use Pixel's Conversion tracking to improve metrics (pretty sure facebook's ad placement trys to optimize based on conversion results)\nAnyone know if this is possible? Everything I'm finding so far is javascript code that you need to put on your website, and I don't have or need a website for my bot.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":632,"Q_Id":45557554,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Think I figured it out.. User clicks ad -> opens up a website to get the pixel conversion hit -> immediate re-direct back to messenger.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook,facebook-graph-api,bots,messenger","A_Id":45558293,"CreationDate":"2017-08-08T00:33:00.000","Title":"Facebook Ad Pixel Conversion tracking for Messenger Bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm creating a Facebook Messenger Bot thats powered by a python backend.\nI'm promoting my bot via FB ads and am trying to figure out if theres any possible way to use Pixel's Conversion tracking to improve metrics (pretty sure facebook's ad placement trys to optimize based on conversion results)\nAnyone know if this is possible? Everything I'm finding so far is javascript code that you need to put on your website, and I don't have or need a website for my bot.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":632,"Q_Id":45557554,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"\"User clicks ad \n-> opens up a website to get the pixel conversion hit \n-> immediate re-direct back to messenger\"\nI don't see how this is helping, as the pixel conversion hit happens before any action happens within the chat. \nIf you want to track a certain action within the chat, couldn't you redirect to a website and re-direct back to the chat from within the chat, say in the middle of the question flow?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook,facebook-graph-api,bots,messenger","A_Id":45763816,"CreationDate":"2017-08-08T00:33:00.000","Title":"Facebook Ad Pixel Conversion tracking for Messenger Bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have to write a simple tcp forwarder in python which will run for ever. I'll get data in 1 min intervals. So do I have to run the socket.read() in while true?\nIs there any better way to avoid all those unnecessary cpu-cycles?\nAnd one more thing, the socket.read() is in a thread.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":244,"Q_Id":45557769,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"do I have to run the socket.read() in while true? Is there any better way to avoid all those unnecessary cpu-cycles?\n\nIt's a blocking read(). So your process (thread) is essentially sleeping while awaiting the next network communication, rather than consuming CPU cycles.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,network-programming,ubuntu-14.04,python-3.5","A_Id":45557803,"CreationDate":"2017-08-08T01:06:00.000","Title":"python3 socket reading, avoid while True or best practice","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Imagine that I've written a celery task, and put the code to the server, however, when I want to send the task to the server, I need to reuse the code written before.\nSo my question is that are there any methods to seperate the code between server and client.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":222,"Q_Id":45608490,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try a web server like flask that forwards requests to the celery workers. Or try a server that reads from a queue (SQS, AMQP,...) and does the same.\nNo matter the solution you choose, you end up with 2 services: the celery worker itself and the \"server\" that calls the celery tasks. They both share the same code but are launched with different command lines.\nAlternately, if the task code is small enough, you could just import the git repository in your code and call it from there","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,celery","A_Id":45608632,"CreationDate":"2017-08-10T08:36:00.000","Title":"how to seperate celery code into server and client side?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I need a simple way to pull ten words from before and after a search term in a paragraph, and have it extract all of it into a sentence.\nexample:\n\nparagraph = 'The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a member of genus Canis (canines) that forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant carnivore. The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct. The dog was the first domesticated species and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.'\n\ninput\n\n\nwolf\n\n\noutput\n\n\nmost widely abundant carnivore. The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not closely related to","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":336,"Q_Id":45615840,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can try using substring after finding the position of the target word. Have you tried to code anything so far?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":45615917,"CreationDate":"2017-08-10T13:57:00.000","Title":"How do I pull a number of words around a specific word in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"socket.gethostbyname(\"vidzi.tv\") giving '104.20.87.139'\nping vidzi.tv gives '104.20.86.139'\nsocket.gethostbyname(\"www.vidzi.tv\") giving '104.20.87.139'\nping www.vidzi.tv gives '104.20.86.139'\nWhy socket.gethostbyname is giving wrong IP for this website? It is giving right IP for other websites?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1420,"Q_Id":45617095,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I don't see any \"wrong\" IPs in your question. A DNS server is allowed to return multiple IP addresses for the same host. The client generally just picks one of them. A lot of servers use this as a part of their load balancing, as clients select any available server and since they generally would pick different ones the traffic gets split up evenly. Your ping command and your gethostbyname command are just selecting different available IPs, but neither is \"wrong\".\nYou can see all the IPs that are returned for a given hostname with a tool like nslookup or dig.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,ip,gethostbyname","A_Id":45618059,"CreationDate":"2017-08-10T14:53:00.000","Title":"socket.gethostbyname giving wrong IP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been working with selenium in Python recently. \nI was curious if anyone has had experience with recording an instance of a headless browser? I tried finding a way to do this, but didn't  find any solutions in Python - a code example would be excellent.\nSome tips would be helpful.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":454,"Q_Id":45655223,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't think they have any built in way to do this with any of the browsers. Your best bet would be to connected to the same instance of the browser (this is easier if you use the grid server) from another program then just take screenshots at short intervals.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":45656035,"CreationDate":"2017-08-12T21:50:00.000","Title":"Recording video of headless selenium browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This might be a naive question but I've really tried searching multiple resources: multiprocessing and ipyparallel but these seem to be lack of appropriate information for my task.\nWhat I have is a large directed graph G with 9 million edges and 6 million nodes. My goal is to, for a list of target nodes (50k, along with their direct neighbours (both in\/out), extract subgraphs from G. I am currently using networkx to do this. \nI tried to use ipyparallel but I could not find tutorial on how to share an object (in my case, G) across processors for subgraph function. Is there an easy way to parallelize this across different cpu cores (there are 56 available so I really want to make full use of it)?\nThank you!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":280,"Q_Id":45657132,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try treating G as a database - so instead that it will be shared by all the sub-processes - they will be able to get info from it and do what they need","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,parallel-processing,multiprocessing,networkx,ipython-parallel","A_Id":45657197,"CreationDate":"2017-08-13T04:40:00.000","Title":"Parallelizing subgraph tasks in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am working on a web based application where users will use their webcams for realtime Video call on web browser (kinda Webx). Is their any way that the web application can identify if any (tcp\/udp\/https) application\/service  is using the video service and consuming the network bandwidth so that I can  show a message to the user -  \"Please close skype or gtalk and then to proceed with the video call\". \nIn short; how to identify skype like service which is holding the webcam via web application and alert user to close that app first.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":48,"Q_Id":45672563,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Your web application can not know if there is a video service like Skype that is running on the same host than the browser, but your application can simply run a speed test, to check for the currently available bandwidth between the browser and your server. For instance, you can do that easily writing some AJAX code that automatically starts downloading a big file (using XMLHttpRequest()) and stops after 10 seconds (using XMLHttpRequest.abort()). You can monitor the throughput using progress events. Then, if your app find that there is not enough bandwidth, you may ask the user to stop network applications.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,web,network-programming","A_Id":45712038,"CreationDate":"2017-08-14T10:30:00.000","Title":"Way to identify tcp\/udp\/https service holding the webcam and port","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Raspberry Pi running a Python script posting data to a database on my server. So I would like to do the inverse of this. I need this raspberry pi to do some actions when they are called from the website.\nWhat would be the best approach?\nMaybe open some port and start listening for events there?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":33,"Q_Id":45697524,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are two simple ways to achieve this. You haven't described what sort of actions you are processing so the following is quite generic.\n\nPolling\n\nHave a master that all of the workers (pi) connect to and poll to get any work. The workers can do the work and send data back to the master.\n\nEvent driven\n\nRun an API on each pi that your master can call for each event. This is going to be the most performant but will probably require more work.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"php,python,api,raspberry-pi","A_Id":45698143,"CreationDate":"2017-08-15T16:47:00.000","Title":"Communicate to a local device from website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to scrape reviews from a website and am not able to scrape reviews having a 'read more' option.\nI am only able to get data till read more.\nI am using BeautifulSoup.\nAny help is appreciated.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2339,"Q_Id":45735733,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You will have to use the click option given with selenium that will allow you to find the read more tag or class and click it, as soon as it appear you will have to click it again.. and when it does not shows up you will have to scrap the content you require,","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup,bs4","A_Id":45735827,"CreationDate":"2017-08-17T12:55:00.000","Title":"How to Scrape reviews with read more from Webpages using BeautifulSoup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a list of 1,000 URLs of articles published by different agencies, and of course each has its own HTML layout.\nI am writing a python code to extract ONLY the article body from each URL. Can this be done by only looking at the < p>< \/p> Paragraph tags?\nWill I be missing some content? or including irrelevant content by this approach?\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":80,"Q_Id":45741991,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To answer your question, it's highly unlikely you can get ONLY article content targeting <p><\/p> tags. You WILL get a lot of unnecessary content that will take a ton of effort to filter through, guaranteed.\nTry to find an RSS feed for these websites. That will make scraping target data much easier than parsing an entire HTML page.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html-parsing","A_Id":45742170,"CreationDate":"2017-08-17T17:54:00.000","Title":"How to extract article contents from websites with different layouts","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a list of 1,000 URLs of articles published by different agencies, and of course each has its own HTML layout.\nI am writing a python code to extract ONLY the article body from each URL. Can this be done by only looking at the < p>< \/p> Paragraph tags?\nWill I be missing some content? or including irrelevant content by this approach?\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":80,"Q_Id":45741991,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For some articles you will be missing content, and for others you will include irrelevant content. There is really no way to grab just the article body from a URL since each site layout will likely vary significantly.\nOne thing you could try is grabbing text contained in multiple consecutive p tags inside the body tag, but there is still no guarantee you will get just the body of the article.\nIt would be a lot easier if you broke the list of URLs into a list for each distinct site, that would you could define what the article body is case by case.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html-parsing","A_Id":45742189,"CreationDate":"2017-08-17T17:54:00.000","Title":"How to extract article contents from websites with different layouts","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The first process will receive and send some data (to complete the authentication) after accept a sslsocket, then send the sslsocket to another process.\nI know that multiprocessing.reduction.send_handle can send socket, but it didn't work with sslsocket. \nPlease help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":45781750,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is not possible.\nSSL sockets in Python are implemented using OpenSSL. For each SSL socket in python there is a user space state managed by OpenSSL. Transferring a SSL socket to another process would need this internal SSL state to be transferred too. But, Python  has no direct access to this state because it only uses the OpenSSL library with the Libraries API and thus can not transfer it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"ssl,python-3.6","A_Id":45781816,"CreationDate":"2017-08-20T11:40:00.000","Title":"How to send a sslsocket to a running process","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to build a python application that reads AND writes data to a file online that other instances of the application have access to. I know I could use sockets with a dedicated server, but I don't have one. Is there any service that does this, or should I get a server?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46,"Q_Id":45787580,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are quite a few ways one can imagine handling this. However, the right solution is almost certainly setting up a database. AWS offers free services below a certain tier of usage. Look there if this is a small personal project.\nSince you are using python, you should be using sqlalchemy to define a model and interact with your persistent data. You can setup such a database on an ec2 instance for free if you keep it small enough. RDS makes database management easier, but I'm not sure there is a free tier for it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,server","A_Id":45787646,"CreationDate":"2017-08-20T23:14:00.000","Title":"Python Data Acquisition Without Server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using python-social-auth for Google authentication in my Django application. Can I override the python-social-auth URLs ? By default, it's http:\/\/mydomain\/login\/google-oauth2\/ and I need to change the URL as part of my view (get request) ; which has the end-point as http:\/\/mydomain\/login\/.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":339,"Q_Id":45793618,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The only way to override the URLs is to define your own ones pointing to the views and link it into your main urls.py file.\nIf what you are after for is to make \/login automatically handle the Google auth backend, then you need to define a custom view for it that can call python-social-auth views to fire up the process.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,django,python-social-auth","A_Id":45806230,"CreationDate":"2017-08-21T09:27:00.000","Title":"override python-social-auth built-in urls?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have to download source code of a website like www.humkinar.pk in simple HTML form. Content on site is dynamically generated. I have tried driver.page_source function of selenium but it does not download page completely such as image and javascript files are left. How can I download complete page. Is there any better and easy solution in python available?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1442,"Q_Id":45796411,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"It's not allowed to download a website without Permission. If you would know that, you would also know there is hidden Code on hosting Server, where you as Visitior has no access to it.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,selenium,web-scraping","A_Id":45796569,"CreationDate":"2017-08-21T11:50:00.000","Title":"Download entire webpage (html, image, JS) by Selenium Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Temporary disable logging completely\nI am trying to write a new log-handler in Python which will post a json-representation of the log-message to a HTTP endpoint, and I am using the request library for the posting. The problem is that both request and urllib3 (used by request) logs, and their loggers has propagate=True, meaning that the logs they log will be propagated to any parent loggers. If the user of my log-handler creates a logger with no name given, it becomes the root logger, so it will receive this messages, causing an infinite loop of logging. I am a bit lost on how to fix this, and I have two suggestions which both seem brittle.\n1) Get the \"reguest\" and \"urllib3\" loggers, set their propagate values to false, post the log message before setting the propagate values back to their old values.\n2) Check if the incoming record has a name which contains \".request\" or \".urllib3\", and if it does then ignore the record.\nBoth of these will break badly if the request library either replaces urllib3 with something else or changes the name of its logger. It also seems likely that method 1 will be problematic in a multi-threaded or multi-process case.\nWhat I would want is some way of disabling all logging for the current thread from some point and then enable it again after we have posted the message, but I don't know any way to do this. \nAny suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":45799786,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Importing os.devnull and setting it as a default file handler for parent logger maybe?\nI usually flush all logs to devnull except that were explicitly set up (dunno if it's a good or bad practice).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,logging","A_Id":45800031,"CreationDate":"2017-08-21T14:34:00.000","Title":"Temporary disable logging completely in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is a responsible \/ ethical time delay to put in a web crawler that only crawls one root page?\nI'm using time.sleep(#) between the following calls \n    requests.get(url)\nI'm looking for a rough idea on what timescales are:\n1. Way too conservative\n2. Standard\n3. Going to cause problems \/ get you noticed\nI want to touch every page (at least 20,000, probably a lot more) meeting certain criteria. Is this feasible within a reasonable timeframe?\nEDIT \nThis question is less about avoiding being blocked (though any relevant info. would be appreciated) and rather what time delays do not cause issues to the host website \/ servers.\nI've tested with 10 second time delays and around 50 pages. I just don't have a clue if I'm being over cautious.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":968,"Q_Id":45807417,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I'd check their robots.txt. If it lists a crawl-delay, use it! If not, try something reasonable (this depends on the size of the page). If it's a large page, try 2\/second. If it's a simple .txt file, 10\/sec should be fine.\nIf all else fails, contact the site owner to see what they're capable of handling nicely.\n(I'm assuming this is an amateur server with minimal bandwidth)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-crawler,delay,responsibility","A_Id":45808077,"CreationDate":"2017-08-22T00:52:00.000","Title":"Responsible time delays - web crawling","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'd like to set up Chrome in headless mode and the ChromeDriver for Selenium testing on my PythonAnywhere instance. I can't find any instructions on how to sort this out. Does anyone have any advice\/pointers to docs please?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":365,"Q_Id":45822897,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"PythonAnywhere dev here -- unfortunately Chrome (headless or otherwise) doesn't work in our virtualization environment right now, so it won't work :-(\n[edit] ...but now it does!  See @Ralf Zosel's answer for more details.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"selenium-chromedriver,pythonanywhere,google-chrome-headless","A_Id":45845020,"CreationDate":"2017-08-22T16:33:00.000","Title":"How to Set Up Chrome Headless on PythonAnywhere?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a basic socket program in Python3, which consists of three different programs - sender.py, channel.py, and receiver.py. The sender should send a packet through the channel to the receiver, then receiver sends an acknowledgement packet back.\nIt works for sending one packet - it goes through the channel to the receiver, and the receiver sends an acknowledgement packet through the channel to the sender, which gets it successfully. But when the sender tries to send a second packet, it attempts to send it but gets no response, so it sends it again. When it does, it gets BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe. The channel gives no indication that it receives the second packet, and just sits there waiting. What does this mean and how can it be avoided?\nI never call close() on any of the sockets.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":56,"Q_Id":45838549,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It was because I was generating a new socket each time, rather than just re-using one socket.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets","A_Id":51373042,"CreationDate":"2017-08-23T11:32:00.000","Title":"How do I avoid a BrokenPipeError while using the sockets module in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a lambda function on Amazon AWS Lambda. It accesses the URL of an EC2 instance, on which I am running a web REST API. The lambda function is triggered by Alexa and is coded in the Python language (python3.x).\n\nCurrently, I have hard coded the URL of the EC2 instance in the lambda function and successfully ran the Alexa skill.\n\nI want the lambda function to automatically obtain the IP from the EC2 instance, which keeps changing whenever I start the instance. This would ensure that I don't have to go the code and hard code the URL each time I start the EC2 instance.\n\nI stumbled upon a similar question on SO, but it was unanswered. However, there was a reply which indicated updating IAM roles. I have already created IAM roles for other purposes before, but I am still not used to it.\nIs this possible? Will it require managing of security groups of the EC2 instance?\nDo I need to set some permissions\/configurations\/settings? How can the lambda code achieve this?\n\nAdditionally, I pip installed the requests library on my system, and I tried uploading a '.zip' file with the structure :\n\n\n\n        REST.zip\/\n    \n\n\n            requests library folder\n        \n\n            index.py\n        \n\n\n\nI am currently using the urllib library\n\nWhen I use zip files for my code upload (I currently edit code inline), it can't even accesse index.py file to run the code","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":613,"Q_Id":45854752,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You could do it using boto3, but I would advise against that architecture. A better approach would be to use a load balancer (even if you only have one instance), and then use the CNAME record of the load balancer in your application (this will not change for as long as the LB exists).\nAn even better way, if you have access to your own domain name, would be to create a CNAME record and point it to the address of the load balancer. Then you can happily use the DNS name in your Lambda function without fear that it would ever change.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,aws-lambda","A_Id":45856165,"CreationDate":"2017-08-24T06:49:00.000","Title":"Obtain EC2 instance IP from AWS lambda function and use requests library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to validate a system to detect more than 2 cluster in a  network graph. For this i need to create a synthetic graph with some cluster. The graph should be very large, more than 100k nodes at least. I s there any system to do this? Any known dataset with more than 2 cluster would also be suffice.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":182,"Q_Id":45857602,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you stick to networkx, you can generate two large complete graphs with nx.complete_graph(), merge them, and then add some edges connecting randomly chosen nodes in each graph. If you want a more realistic example, build dense nx.erdos_renyi_graph()s instead of the complete graphs.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,graph,networkx","A_Id":45891842,"CreationDate":"2017-08-24T09:15:00.000","Title":"Synthetic network graph","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Would it be possible to upload a file and store it in a session and send that file using requests in python ? Can someone get back with a detailed answer","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":35,"Q_Id":45892395,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm having a hard time understanding your need for this type of implementation.\nAre you trying to pass a JSON file between sessions? or just any type of file?\nIt would help to know your idea behind this implementation.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"django,python-2.7,python-requests","A_Id":45893315,"CreationDate":"2017-08-26T06:00:00.000","Title":"Handling file field values in session","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am writing an application in python to acquire data using a serial communication. I use the pyserial library for establishing the communication. What is the best approach to request data in an interval (eg every 2 seconds). I always have to the send a request, wait for the answer and start the process again.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":241,"Q_Id":45912973,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if this a  \"slow\" process, that does not accurate time precision, use a while loop and time.sleep(2) to timeout the process for 2 seconds.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pyserial,data-acquisition","A_Id":45913039,"CreationDate":"2017-08-28T06:35:00.000","Title":"pyserial time based repeated data request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i am student and i am totally new to scraping etc, today my supervisor gave me task to get the list of followers of a user or page(celebrity etc)\nthe list should contain information about every user (i.e user name, screen name etc)\nAfter a long search i found that i can't get the age and gender of any user on twitter.\nsecondly i got help regarding getting list of my followers but i couldnt find help about \"how i can get user list of public account\"\nkindly suggest me that its possible or not, and if it is possible, what are the ways to get to my goals\nthank you in advance","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":279,"Q_Id":45923490,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Hardly so, and even if you manage to somehow do it, you'll most likely get blacklisted. Also, please read the community guidelines when it comes to posting questions.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,web-scraping,text-mining,scrape","A_Id":45959340,"CreationDate":"2017-08-28T16:26:00.000","Title":"is it possible to scrape list of followers of a public twitter acount (page)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Trying to install Google Cloud SDK(Python) on Windows 10 for All Users. Getting the following error. \nThis is new machine and start building fresh. Installed python 2.7 version prior to this. \nPlease help me to resolve this. \n\nOutput folder: C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud SDK Downloading\n  Google Cloud SDK core. Extracting Google Cloud SDK core. Create Google\n  Cloud SDK bat file: C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\cloud_env.bat Installing components. Welcome to the Google Cloud\n  SDK! This will install all the core command line tools necessary for\n  working with the Google Cloud Platform. Traceback (most recent call\n  last):   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\bin\\bootstrapping\\install.py\", line 214, in\n  \n      main()   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\bin\\bootstrapping\\install.py\", line 192, in main\n      Install(pargs.override_components, pargs.additional_components)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\bin\\bootstrapping\\install.py\", line 134, in\n  Install\n      InstallOrUpdateComponents(to_install, update=update)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\bin\\bootstrapping\\install.py\", line 177, in\n  InstallOrUpdateComponents\n      ['--quiet', 'components', verb, '--allow-no-backup'] + component_ids)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\calliope\\cli.py\", line 813, in\n  Execute\n      self._HandleAllErrors(exc, command_path_string, specified_arg_names)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\calliope\\cli.py\", line 787, in\n  Execute\n      resources = args.calliope_command.Run(cli=self, args=args)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\calliope\\backend.py\", line\n  754, in Run\n      resources = command_instance.Run(args)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\surface\\components\\update.py\", line 99, in\n  Run\n      version=args.version)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\updater\\update_manager.py\",\n  line 850, in Update\n      command_path='components.update')   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\updater\\update_manager.py\",\n  line 591, in _GetStateAndDiff\n      command_path=command_path)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\updater\\update_manager.py\",\n  line 574, in _GetLatestSnapshot\n      *effective_url.split(','), command_path=command_path)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\updater\\snapshots.py\",\n  line 165, in FromURLs\n      for url in urls]   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\updater\\snapshots.py\",\n  line 186, in _DictFromURL\n      response = installers.ComponentInstaller.MakeRequest(url, command_path)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\updater\\installers.py\",\n  line 285, in MakeRequest\n      return ComponentInstaller._RawRequest(req, timeout=timeout)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\updater\\installers.py\",\n  line 329, in _RawRequest\n      should_retry_if=RetryIf, sleep_ms=500)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\util\\retry.py\", line 155,\n  in TryFunc\n      return func(*args, kwargs), None   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud\n  SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\url_opener.py\", line 73,\n  in urlopen\n      return opener.open(req, data, timeout)   File \"c:\\users\\cpa8161\\appdata\\local\\temp\\tmpxcdivh\\python\\lib\\urllib2.py\",\n  line 429, in open\n      response = self._open(req, data)   File \"c:\\users\\cpa8161\\appdata\\local\\temp\\tmpxcdivh\\python\\lib\\urllib2.py\",\n  line 447, in _open\n      '_open', req)   File \"c:\\users\\cpa8161\\appdata\\local\\temp\\tmpxcdivh\\python\\lib\\urllib2.py\",\n  line 407, in _call_chain\n      result = func(*args)   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\googlecloudsdk\\core\\url_opener.py\", line 58,\n  in https_open\n      return self.do_open(build, req)   File \"c:\\users\\cpa8161\\appdata\\local\\temp\\tmpxcdivh\\python\\lib\\urllib2.py\",\n  line 1195, in do_open\n      h.request(req.get_method(), req.get_selector(), req.data, headers)   File\n  \"c:\\users\\cpa8161\\appdata\\local\\temp\\tmpxcdivh\\python\\lib\\httplib.py\",\n  line 1042, in request\n      self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)   File \"c:\\users\\cpa8161\\appdata\\local\\temp\\tmpxcdivh\\python\\lib\\httplib.py\",\n  line 1082, in _send_request\n      self.endheaders(body)   File \"c:\\users\\cpa8161\\appdata\\local\\temp\\tmpxcdivh\\python\\lib\\httplib.py\",\n  line 1038, in endheaders\n      self._send_output(message_body)   File \"c:\\users\\cpa8161\\appdata\\local\\temp\\tmpxcdivh\\python\\lib\\httplib.py\",\n  line 882, in _send_output\n      self.send(msg)   File \"c:\\users\\cpa8161\\appdata\\local\\temp\\tmpxcdivh\\python\\lib\\httplib.py\",\n  line 844, in send\n      self.connect()   File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Cloud SDK\\google-cloud-sdk\\lib\\third_party\\httplib2__init__.py\", line 1081,\n  in connect\n      raise SSLHandshakeError(e)\n  **httplib2.SSLHandshakeError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:661) Failed to install.","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13684,"Q_Id":45927259,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I just spent hours trying to make the installer run trying to edit ca cert files but the installer keeps wiping the directories as part of the installation process. In order to make the bundle gcloud sdk installer work, I ended up having to create an environment variable SSL_CERT_FILE and setting the path to a ca cert text file that contained the Google CAs + my company's proxy CA cert. Then the installer ran without issue. It seems that env variable is used by the python http client for CA validation.\nThen you need to run gcloud config set custom_ca_certs_file  before running gcloud init","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"google-cloud-platform,google-cloud-sdk,google-cloud-python","A_Id":56367158,"CreationDate":"2017-08-28T20:56:00.000","Title":"google cloud python sdk installation error - SSL Certification Error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Python + Selenium script that helps me scrape information. However, the webpage encounters an error from time to time and then I need to refresh the page and scrape again. The problem is that the error is erratic and it might crash my scraper when I already clicked some buttons or filled some forms.\nI need to find an elegant method to refresh the page exactly with the same buttons clicked (I mean, exactly to the same state). Any help?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":289,"Q_Id":45935059,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"if you build a robust scrapy system,you must think about exception handling . i have done some large scrape project .in these projects we will use a log system to record the  exception ,then retry when don't success scraping the message.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,web-scraping,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":45935491,"CreationDate":"2017-08-29T09:12:00.000","Title":"How to make Selenium refresh page to last state of its elements?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm a fresh-out-of-college programmer with some experience in Python and Javascript, and I'm trying to develop either a website or just a back-end system that will aggregate information from online market websites which don't have any API (or none that I've found, anyway). Ideally I would also want the system that can write to local storage to track changes to the data over time in some kind of database, but that's down the road a bit.\nI've already pounded out some javascript that can grab the data I want, but apparently there doesn't seem to be a way to access or act upon data from other websites due to data security protections or to save the data to local storage in order to be read from other pages. I know that there are ways to aggregate data, as I've seen other websites that do this.\nI can load websites in Python using the urllib2 and use regular expressions to parse what I want from some pages, but on a couple of the desired sites I would need to log into the website before I can access the data I want to gather. \nSince I am relatively new to programming, is there an ideal tool \/ programming language that would streamline or simplify what I'm trying to do?\nIf not, could you please point me in the right direction for how I might go about this? After doing some searching, there seems to be a general lack of cross-domain data gathering and aggregation. Maybe I'm not even using the right terminology to describe what I'm trying to do. \nWhichever way you would look at this, please help! :-)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":123,"Q_Id":45949911,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"i suggest you use selenium webdriver to login to get cookie,and use requests library to scrap the message.That is what my company do in the scraping system.if you only use selenium webdriver, you will need to many memory and cpu capacity.\nif you are good at html and js,it is  a good way for you to use requests library to Simulate logging.\nfor the website you must log in,the most import thing is to get cookie.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,python,web-scraping,cross-domain,aggregate","A_Id":45950238,"CreationDate":"2017-08-29T23:54:00.000","Title":"Looking for ways to aggregate info\/data from different websites","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've tried using Scapy's sniff function to sniff some packets and compared it to Wiresharks output. Upon displaying Scapy's sniffed packets and Wireshark's sniffed packets on the same interface, I discover that Wireshark can sniff some packets that Scapy was apparently not able to sniff and display. Is there a reason why and if so how can I prevent it so Scapy does not 'drop' any packets and sniffs all the packets Wireshark can receive?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":600,"Q_Id":45961177,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Scapy itself has many libraries and extensions which are either pre-installed or you will have to install it based on your needs. Your question is a bit vague about what exactly is your comparison factor here between the two, but for example, Scapy will need a HTTPS decoder library installed for decoding the information of those packets. Also in Scapy, you can write your own protocol as you deem. But again if you are doing real-time parsing without a PCAP file Scapy is a good option even with the packet drop ratio. But if you are not concerned about the PCAP file I suggest to use Wireshark\/TCPdump and record a PCAP file. You can dissect the  PCAP file using Scapy then. Hope this helps.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,wireshark,scapy,packets,sniffing","A_Id":48503065,"CreationDate":"2017-08-30T13:00:00.000","Title":"Scapy cannot sniff some packets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"configured AWS Cli on Linux system.\nWhile running any command like \"aws ec2 describe-instances\" it is showing error \"Invalid IPv6 URL\"","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6082,"Q_Id":45999285,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Ran into the same error. \nRunning this command fixed the error for me:\nexport AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1\nYou might also try specifying the region when running any command:\naws s3 ls --region us-east-1\nHope this helps!\nor run aws configure and enter valid region for default region name","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,amazon-ec2,aws-cli","A_Id":46288793,"CreationDate":"2017-09-01T11:27:00.000","Title":"Invalid IPv6 URL while running commands using AWS CLI","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"configured AWS Cli on Linux system.\nWhile running any command like \"aws ec2 describe-instances\" it is showing error \"Invalid IPv6 URL\"","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6082,"Q_Id":45999285,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I ran into this issue due to region being wrongly typed. When you run aws configure during initial setup, if you try to delete a mistaken entry, it will end up having invalid characters in the region name.\nHopefully, running aws configure again will resolve your issue.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,amazon-ec2,aws-cli","A_Id":50748839,"CreationDate":"2017-09-01T11:27:00.000","Title":"Invalid IPv6 URL while running commands using AWS CLI","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to scrape a dynamic content (javascript) page with Python + Selenium + BS4 and the page blocks my requests at random (the soft might be: F5 AMS).\nI managed to bypass this thing by changing the user-agent for each of the browsers I have specified. The thing is, only the Chrome driver can pass over the rejection. Same code, adjusted for PhantomJS or Firefox drivers is blocked constantly, like I am not even changing the user agent.\nI must say that I am also multithreading, that meaning, starting 4 browsers at the same time.\nWhy does this happen? What does Chrome Webdriver have to offer that can pass over the firewall and the rest don't?\nI really need to get the results because I want to change to Firefox, therefore, I want to make Firefox pass just as Chrome.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":181,"Q_Id":46011743,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Two words: Browser Fingerprinting.  It's a huge topic in it's own right and as Tarun mentioned would take a decent amount of research to nail this issue on its head.  But possible I believe.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,web-scraping,selenium-chromedriver,geckodriver","A_Id":46012320,"CreationDate":"2017-09-02T08:02:00.000","Title":"How does Chrome Driver work, but Firefox, PhantomJS and HTMLUnit not?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a beginner PythonAnywhere account, which, the account comparison page notes, have \"Access to External Internet Sites: Specific Sites via HTTP(S) Only.\"\nSo I know only certain hosts can be accessed through HTTP protocols, but are there restrictions on use of the socket module? In particular, can I set up a Python server using socket?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1618,"Q_Id":46018426,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Nope. PythonAnywhere doesn't support the socket module.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,pythonanywhere","A_Id":46066092,"CreationDate":"2017-09-02T21:36:00.000","Title":"PythonAnywhere - Are sockets allowed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a beginner PythonAnywhere account, which, the account comparison page notes, have \"Access to External Internet Sites: Specific Sites via HTTP(S) Only.\"\nSo I know only certain hosts can be accessed through HTTP protocols, but are there restrictions on use of the socket module? In particular, can I set up a Python server using socket?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1618,"Q_Id":46018426,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"PythonAnywhere dev here.  Short answer: you can't run a socket server on PythonAnywhere, no.\nLonger answer: the socket module is supported, and from paid accounts you can use it for outbound connections just like you could on your normal machine. On a free account, you could also create a socket connection to the proxy server that handles free accounts' Internet access, and then use the HTTP protocol to request a whitelisted site from it (though that would be hard work, and it would be easier to use requests or something like that). \nWhat you can't do on PythonAnywhere is run a socket server that can be accessed from outside our system.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,pythonanywhere","A_Id":46093607,"CreationDate":"2017-09-02T21:36:00.000","Title":"PythonAnywhere - Are sockets allowed?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does Scrapy ping the website every time I use response.xpath? Or is there one response value stored in memory per request and all subsequent xpath queries are run locally?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":46020031,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Response is stored in memory. That said, every time you call response.xpath it doesn't hit the website on the matter but memory.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,scrapy,scrapy-spider","A_Id":46020248,"CreationDate":"2017-09-03T03:33:00.000","Title":"Optimizing Scrapy xpath queries","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a few Python selenium scripts running on a computer, these scripts open, close, and create chromedriver object instances regularly.\nAfter some time of doing this, I get an error \"Only one usage of each socket address\" on all scripts except for one, the one that doesn't get the error is throwing timeout exceptions.\nI'm trying to catch the error but it still is thrown and not caught.\nHow do I fix the main issue?\nIs there too many object instances?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1448,"Q_Id":46046120,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I faced the same issue but it was happening with Firefox. On more investigation I found that there were two different Firefox installations on my comp: x86 and x64. I uninstalled the x86 version and the error got resolved.\nCheck if you've got two different instances of chrome installed on your pc. If yes, then remove one of them.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,selenium,google-chrome,webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":51934022,"CreationDate":"2017-09-05T02:18:00.000","Title":"Only one usage of each socket address address (python selenium)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script which resides on a web-server (running node.js) and does some machine learning computation. The data has to be supplied to the python script using javascript running in web-browser. How can this be done? I want to know the complete setup. For now, the server is the localhost only.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":951,"Q_Id":46098385,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I believe you need a simple API on the server which accept input from the client which can be done via JavaScript.\nThere are several technologies you could have a look at:\n\nAjax.\nWebSockets.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,node.js,socket.io","A_Id":46098475,"CreationDate":"2017-09-07T14:01:00.000","Title":"communicate between python script on server side and javascript in the web-browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm looking for a way to show html to a user if they call from a browser or just give them the API response in JSON if the call is made from an application, terminal with curl or generally any other way.\nI know a number of APIs do this and I believe Django's REST framework does this.\nI've been able to fool a number of those APIs by passing in my browser's useragent to curl so I know this is done using useragents, but how do I implement this? To cover every single possible or most useragents out there.\nThere has to be a file\/database or a regex, so that I don't have to worry about updating my useragent lists every few months, and worrying that my users on the latest browsers might not be able to access my website.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.2913126125,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1500,"Q_Id":46099439,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"I know this post is a few years old, but since I stumbled upon it...\ntldr; Do not use the user agent to determine the return format unless absolutely necessary.  Use the Accept header or (less ideal) use a separate endpoint\/URL.\nThe standard and most future-proof way to set the desired return format for a specific endpoint is to use the Accept header.  Accept is explicitly designed to allow the client to state what response format they would like returned.  The value will be a standard MIME type.\nWeb browsers, by default, will send text\/html as the value of the Accept header.  Most Javascript libraries and frontend frameworks will send application\/json, but this can usually be explicitly set to something else (e.g. text\/xml) if needed.  All mobile app frameworks and HTTP client libraries that I am aware of have the ability to set this header if needed.\nThere are two big problems with trying to use user agent for simply determining the response format:\n\nThe list will be massive.  You will need to account for every possible client which needs to be supported today.  If this endpoint is used internally, this may not be an immediate problem as you might be able to enforce which user agents you will accept (may cause its own set of problems in the future, e.g. forcing your users to a specific version of Internet Explorer indefinitely) which will help keep this list small. If this endpoint is to be exposed externally, you will almost certainly miss something you badly need to accept.\nThe list will change.  You will need to account for every possible client which needs to be supported tomorrow, next week, next year, and in five years.  This becomes a self-induced maintenance headache.\n\nTwo notes regarding Accept:\n\nPlease read up on how to use the Accept header before attempting to implement against it.  Here is an actual example from this website: text\/html,application\/xhtml+xml,application\/xml;q=0.9,image\/avif,image\/webp,image\/apng,*\/*;q=0.8,application\/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9.  Given this, I would return back HTML.\nThe value of the header can be *\/*, which basically just says \"whatever\" or \"I don't care\".  At that point, the server is allowed to determine the response format.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,curl,user-agent","A_Id":69885034,"CreationDate":"2017-09-07T14:52:00.000","Title":"How to detect if a GET request is from a browser or not","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am going to make a telegram bot in Python 3 which is a random chat bot. As I am new in telegram bots, I don't know how to join two different people in a chat bot. Is there a guide available for this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2352,"Q_Id":46101394,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am not sure to understand your question, can you give us what you pretend to do more explained?\nYou have a few options, creating a group and adding the bot to it.\nIn private chat you only can talk with a single user at a time.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,chat,bots,telegram","A_Id":46103183,"CreationDate":"2017-09-07T16:39:00.000","Title":"how can i join two users in a telegram chat bot?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am going to make a telegram bot in Python 3 which is a random chat bot. As I am new in telegram bots, I don't know how to join two different people in a chat bot. Is there a guide available for this?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2352,"Q_Id":46101394,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to make a database with chatID as primary column. and another column as partner. which stores his\/her chat partner chatID.\nnow when a user sends a message to you bot you just need to check the database for that user and send the message to her chat partner.\nafter the chat is done you should empty partner fields of both users.\nAnd for the picking part. when a user wants to find a new partner, choose a random row from your database WHERE partnerChatID is Null and set them to first users ID and vise versa.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,chat,bots,telegram","A_Id":46113831,"CreationDate":"2017-09-07T16:39:00.000","Title":"how can i join two users in a telegram chat bot?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have loaded twisted using pip pip install twisted. Then I tried to import from autobahn.twisted.websocket import WebSocketClientProtocol, I get error when I import 'twisted' has no attribute '__version__'.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":227,"Q_Id":46118937,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"pip install --upgrade pyopenssl can solve the issue when I am using Ubuntu","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,twisted,autobahn","A_Id":46118938,"CreationDate":"2017-09-08T14:36:00.000","Title":"'twisted' has no attribute '__version__'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I usually start http.server by typing\npython3 -m http.server port and I can access the server by going to localhost:port \nMy goal is to access the srver by simply typing localhost.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1128,"Q_Id":46124591,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There is always port... the default is 80, so just run it on 80 and you'll reach it by just localhost.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,localhost,port,httpserver","A_Id":46124616,"CreationDate":"2017-09-08T21:10:00.000","Title":"How can you run http.server without a port and simply on localhost?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a server process which receives requests from a web clients. \nThe server has to call an external worker process ( another .py ) which streams data to the server and the server streams back to the client.\nThe server has to monitor these worker processes and send messages to them ( basically kill them or send messages to control which kind of data gets streamed ). These messages are asynchronous ( e.g. depend on the web client )\nI thought in using ZeroMQ sockets over an ipc:\/\/-transport-class , but the call for socket.recv() method is blocking.\nShould I use two sockets ( one for streaming data to the server and another to receive control messages from server )?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":563,"Q_Id":46139185,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Using a separate socket for signalling and messaging is always better\nWhile a Poller-instance will help a bit, the cardinal step is to use separate socket for signalling and another one for data-streaming. Always. The point is, that in such setup, both the Poller.poll() and the event-loop can remain socket-specific and spent not more than a predefined amount of time, during a real-time controlled code-execution.\nSo, do not hesitate to setup a bit richer signalling\/messaging infrastructure as an environment where you will only enjoy the increased simplicity of control, separation of concerns and clarity of intents.\nZeroMQ is an excellent tool for doing this - including per-socket IO-thread affinity, so indeed a fine-grain performance tuning is available at your fingertips.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sockets,ipc,zeromq","A_Id":46140815,"CreationDate":"2017-09-10T09:27:00.000","Title":"ZeroMQ bidirectional async communication with subprocesses","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Code:\nsh 'python .\/selenium\/xy_python\/run_tests.py'\nError:\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \".\/selenium\/xy_python\/run_tests.py\", line 6, in \n    import nose\nImportError: No module named nose","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5801,"Q_Id":46166480,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I recommend explicitly activating a python env before you run your script in your jenkinsfile to ensure you are in an environment which has nose installed.\nPlease check out virtualenv, tox, or conda for information on how to do so.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,dsl","A_Id":46199573,"CreationDate":"2017-09-12T01:22:00.000","Title":"Calling a Python Script from Jenkins Pipeline DSL causing import error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have used Beautiful Soup with great success when crawling single pages of a site, but I have a new project in which I have to check a large list of sites to see if they contain a mention or a link to my site. Therefore, I need to check the entire site of each site.\nWith BS I just don't know yet how to tell my scraper that it is done with a site, so I'm hitting recursion limits. Is that something Scrapy handles out of the box?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":344,"Q_Id":46183843,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Scrapy uses a link follower to traverse through a site, until the list of available links is gone.  Once a page is visited, it's removed from the list and Scrapy makes sure that link is not visited again.\nAssuming all the websites pages have links on other pages, Scrapy would be able to visit every page of a website. \nI've used Scrapy to traverse thousands of websites, mainly small businesses, and have had no problems.  It's able to walk through the whole site.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup,scrapy","A_Id":46185425,"CreationDate":"2017-09-12T19:15:00.000","Title":"Does Scrapy 'know' when it has crawled an entire site?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In local system elastic search works perfectly but when i'm trying to search in server system it shows in console : \"ConnectionTimeout caused by - ReadTimeoutError(HTTPConnectionPool(host=u'localhost', port=9200): Read timed out. (read timeout=10))\"","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3169,"Q_Id":46188842,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It appears that the localhost value you are trying to connect to is a Unicode string host=u'localhost. Not sure how you are getting\/assigning that value into a variable, but you should try to encode\/convert it to ASCII so that it can be properly interpreted during the HTTP connection routine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,elasticsearch","A_Id":46230007,"CreationDate":"2017-09-13T04:25:00.000","Title":"ConnectionTimeout caused by - ReadTimeoutError(HTTPConnectionPool(host=u'localhost', port=9200): Read timed out. (read timeout=10))","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to do some python based web scraping where execution time is pretty critical.\nI've tried phantomjs, selenium, and pyqt4 now, and all three libraries have given me similar response times. I'd post example code, but my problem affects all three, so I believe the problem either lies in a shared dependency or outside of my code. At around 50 concurrent requests, we see a huge desegregation in response time. It takes about 40 seconds to get back all 50 pages, and that time gets exponentially slower with greater page demands. Ideally I'm looking for ~200+ requests in about 10 seconds. I used multiprocessing to spawn each instance of phantonjs\/pyqt4\/selenium, so each url request gets it's own instance so that I'm not blocked by single threading.\nI don't believe it's a hardware bottleneck, it's running on 32 dedicated cpu cores, totaling to 64 threads, and cpu usage doesn't typically spike to over 10-12%. Bandwidth as well sits reasonably comfortably at around 40-50% of my total throughput.\nI've read about the GIL, which I believe I've addressed with using multiprocessing. Is webscraping just an inherently slow thing? Should I stop expecting to pull 200ish webpages in ~10 seconds?\nMy overall question is, what is the best approach to high performance web scraping, where evaluating js on the webpage is a requirement?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":598,"Q_Id":46205279,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"\"evaluating js on the webpage is a requirement\" <- I think this is your problem right here.  Simply downloading 50 web pages is fairly trivially parallelized and should only take as long as the slowest server takes to respond.\nNow, spawning 50 javascript engines in parallel (which is essentially what I guess it is you are doing) to run the scripts on every page is a different matter. Imagine firing up 50 chrome browsers at the same time.\nAnyway: profile and measure the parts of your application to find where the bottleneck lies.  Only then you can see if you're dealing with an I\/O bottleneck (sounds unlikely), a CPU bottleneck (more likely) or a global lock somewhere that serializes stuff (also likely but impossible to say without any code posted)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,web-scraping,multiprocessing","A_Id":46205430,"CreationDate":"2017-09-13T19:17:00.000","Title":"Python & web scraping performance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I had a similar issue when a Python script called from a scheduled task on a windows server tried to access a network shared drive. It would run from the IDLE on the server but not from the task. I switched to using a local drive it worked fine. This script works if run from console or IDLE on the server and partially executes when run as a scheduled task. It pulls data from a MSSQL database and creates a local csv. That works called from the task but the part to upload the file to a Google Drive does not. I have, as I did, before try other methods of calling outside of the scheduled task ex Powershell, bat file... but same results. I am using google-api-python-client (1.6.2) and can't find anything. Thanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":33,"Q_Id":46206424,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I found my answer. In the optional field of the Windows Scheduled Task Action dialog, \"Start in\" I added the path to the Python Scripts folder and the script now runs perfect.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,google-api-python-client","A_Id":46245436,"CreationDate":"2017-09-13T20:37:00.000","Title":"Python27 to upload a file to google drive does not work when run as a windows scheduled task. Why?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to find a way for saving a session object requests.session() to a file and then continue my session from another python script from the same place, include the cookies, the headers etc.\nI've try doing that with pickle but for some reason the session's cookies and all other attributes are not loaded from file.\nIs there any way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1027,"Q_Id":46219917,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You might want look into serialization, something like pickle\nFor example you would open a file  and dump the session with pickle.dump(sess, f) and read with pickle.load(f) into a session object","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-requests,pickle","A_Id":46219989,"CreationDate":"2017-09-14T13:01:00.000","Title":"python requests library , save session to file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Selenium IDE is a very useful tool to create Selenium tests quickly. Sadly, it has been unmaintained for a long time and now not compatible with new Firefox versions.\nHere is my work routine to create Selenium test without Selenium IDE:\n\nOpen the Inspector\nFind and right click on the element\nSelect Copy CSS Selector\nPaste to IDE\/Code editor\nType some code\nBack to step 2\n\nThat is a lot of manual work, switching back and for. How can I write Selenium tests faster?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":116,"Q_Id":46235088,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The best way is to learn how your app is constructed, and to work with the developers to add an id element and\/or distinctive names and classes to the items you need to interact with. With that, you aren't dependent on using the fragile xpaths and css paths that the inspector returns and instead can create short, concise expressions that will hold up even when the underlying structure of the page changes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,automated-tests,selenium-ide,web-testing","A_Id":46241635,"CreationDate":"2017-09-15T08:30:00.000","Title":"Since Selenium IDE is unmaintained, how to write Selenium tests quickly?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to extract reviews from public facebook pages like airline page, hospital page, to perform sentiment analysis. I have app id and app secret id which i generated from facebook graph API using my facebook account, But to extract the reviews I need page access token and as I am not the owner\/admin of the page so I can not generate that page access token. Is any one know how to do it or it requires some paid service? \nKindly help.\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":259,"Q_Id":46252155,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Without a Page Token of the Page, it is impossible to get the reviews\/ratings. You can only get those for Pages you own. There is no paid service either, you can only ask the Page owners to give you access.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"r,python-2.7,facebook-graph-api","A_Id":46254610,"CreationDate":"2017-09-16T09:07:00.000","Title":"How to extract reviews from facebook public page without page access token?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm built a telegram bot for the groups.When the bot is added to the group, it will delete messages containing ads.How can I change the bot to work for only 30 days in each group and then stop it?\nThat means, for example, today's bot is added to group 1 and the next week the bot is added to group 2; I need to change the bot to stop the 30 days in group 1 and stop it in group 2 for another 37 days.\nHow can I do that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":174,"Q_Id":46253238,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can't know how long your bot had been added to group at this time. :(\nYou need to log it to your own database, and there is leaveChat method if you need it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":46253303,"CreationDate":"2017-09-16T11:11:00.000","Title":"How can a telegram bot change that works only for a specific time in a group?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm built a telegram bot for the groups.When the bot is added to the group, it will delete messages containing ads.How can I change the bot to work for only 30 days in each group and then stop it?\nThat means, for example, today's bot is added to group 1 and the next week the bot is added to group 2; I need to change the bot to stop the 30 days in group 1 and stop it in group 2 for another 37 days.\nHow can I do that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":174,"Q_Id":46253238,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Simply, all you need is a database at the back-end. Just store the group_id and join_date in each row. \nAt any time, you can query your database. If more than 30 days has passed join_date, stop the bot or leave the group.\nYou can also use any other storage rather than a database. A file, index, etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":46253626,"CreationDate":"2017-09-16T11:11:00.000","Title":"How can a telegram bot change that works only for a specific time in a group?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to execute my webbrowser (opera) from python code, how can i get it?  \nPython version 3.6, OS MS Windows 7","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":737,"Q_Id":46268174,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use Selenium to launch web browser through python.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,webbrowser-control,opera","A_Id":46268349,"CreationDate":"2017-09-17T19:41:00.000","Title":"How can i execute my webbrowser in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to stop crawlers from indexing specific images on my website, but only if they're older than a specific date. However, the crawler shall not stop indexing the page where the image is currently linked.\nMy initial approach was to write a script which adds the URL of the image to 'robots.txt', but I think the file will become huge, as we talk about a really huge amount of potential images.\nMy next idea was to use the <meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noimageindex\"> tag, but I think this approach can be error prone, as I could forget to add this tag to a template where I might want to stop crawlers from indexing the image. It's also redundant and the crawler will ignore all images.\nMy question is: do you know a programmatically way to force a crawler too not index a image, if a condition (in my case the date) is true? Or is my only possibility to stop the crawler from indexing the whole page?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":46275319,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Building on top of what you had in mind, you could just create a separate place to keep the images that you don't want to be indexed, write a script to move files to that location once they're \"expired\" and just add the url to the the robots.txt file. Perhaps something like \/expired_images*.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,django,seo","A_Id":46275441,"CreationDate":"2017-09-18T08:58:00.000","Title":"Is there a programmatically way to force a crawler to not index specific images?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is it a good idea to use a standard library function from an imported module? For example, I write a xyz.py module and within xyz.py, I've this statetment import json\nI have another script where I import xyz. In this script I need to make use of json functions. I can for sure import json in my script but json lib was already imported when I import xyz. So can I use xyz.json() or is it a bad practice?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":39,"Q_Id":46289557,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You should use import json again to explicitly declare the dependency. \nPython will optimize the way it loads the modules so you don't have to be concerned with inefficiency. \nIf you later don't need xyz.py anymore and you drop that import, then you still want import json to be there without having to re-analyze your dependencies.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":46289744,"CreationDate":"2017-09-18T23:27:00.000","Title":"Calling a standard library from imported module","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am playing around with a discord.py bot, I have pretty much everything working that I need (at this time), but I can't for the life of me figure out how to embed a YouTube video using Embed().\nI don't really have any code to post per-say, as none of it has worked correctly.\nNote: I've tried searching everywhere (here + web), I see plenty of info on embedding images which works great.\nI do see detail in the discord API for embedding video, as well as the API Documentation for discord.py; but no clear example of how to pull it off.\nI am using commands (the module I am working on as a cog) \nAny help would be greatly appreciated.\nEnvironment:\n\nDiscord.py Version: 0.16.11\nPython: 3.5.2\nPlatform: OS X\nVirtualEnv: Yes","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7927,"Q_Id":46306032,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Only form of media you can embed is images and gifs. It\u2019s not possible to embed a video","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,youtube,embed,discord.py","A_Id":50806683,"CreationDate":"2017-09-19T17:00:00.000","Title":"discord.py embed youtube video without just pasting link","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am playing around with a discord.py bot, I have pretty much everything working that I need (at this time), but I can't for the life of me figure out how to embed a YouTube video using Embed().\nI don't really have any code to post per-say, as none of it has worked correctly.\nNote: I've tried searching everywhere (here + web), I see plenty of info on embedding images which works great.\nI do see detail in the discord API for embedding video, as well as the API Documentation for discord.py; but no clear example of how to pull it off.\nI am using commands (the module I am working on as a cog) \nAny help would be greatly appreciated.\nEnvironment:\n\nDiscord.py Version: 0.16.11\nPython: 3.5.2\nPlatform: OS X\nVirtualEnv: Yes","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.2605204458,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7927,"Q_Id":46306032,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"What you are asking for is unfortunately impossible, since Discord API does not allow you to set custom videos in embeds.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,youtube,embed,discord.py","A_Id":46324897,"CreationDate":"2017-09-19T17:00:00.000","Title":"discord.py embed youtube video without just pasting link","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way to get the current executed Client information\ninside the Task set class? We can get the Thread number in Jmeter.\nLike that can we get the Client number in Locust tool?\nSuppose I'm executing the 20 requests with 5 clients. Can i say that each \nclient is executing 4 requests (20\/5 = 4 request each)? What is the internal\nmechanism using here to execute those 20 requests by using 5\nclients?\nThis question is related to the data given in Question: 2, Is that execution is happened iteration-wise. Like 1st iteration, Client 1, 2, 3 ,4 and 5 are executing request 1, 2,3, 4 and 5 respectively. Next iteration, again Client 1, 2, 3 ,4 and 5 are executing requests 6,7,8,9 and 10 respectively. How could we achieve this type of execution mechanism in Locust tool. Is this possible?\nPlease help me to clarify above questions.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1436,"Q_Id":46321590,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think there's built-in support for it. You could set an id yourself in the on_start method \nEach Locust will trigger a new task after the previous task was finished (taking into account the wait period). If your response time has a small variation, you can assume that the requests are equally distributed. \nNo, the Locusts are picking tasks one after the other, but are not waiting their turn. When a Locust is available, it will pick a task and execute it. I don't think there is support for your requirement.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,locust","A_Id":46342647,"CreationDate":"2017-09-20T12:04:00.000","Title":"How do we control the Clients in the Task set execution in Locust?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i am new to serverless framework and aws, and i need to create a lambda function on python that will send email whenever an ec2 is shut down, but i really don't know how to do it using serverless. So please if any one could help me do that or at least give me some tracks to start with.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":203,"Q_Id":46322899,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can use CloudWatch for this.\nYou can create a cloudwatch rule\n\nService Name -  Ec2 \nEvent Type - EC2 Instance change notification\nSpecific state(s) - shutting-down\n\nThen use an SNS target to deliver email.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,aws-lambda,serverless-framework","A_Id":46323508,"CreationDate":"2017-09-20T13:05:00.000","Title":"send email whenever ec2 is shut down using serverless","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a python application that needs to give users a JSON web token for authentication. The token is built using the PyJWT library (import jwt).\nFrom what I have been reading it seems like an acceptable practice to give the token to a client after they have provided some credentials, such as logging in.\nThe client then uses that token in the HTTP request header in the Authorization Bearer field which must happen over TLS to ensure the token is not exposed.\nThe part I do not understand is what if the client exposes that token accidentally? Won't that enable anybody with that token to impersonate them?\nWhat is the most secure way to hand off the token to a client?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":550,"Q_Id":46331570,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You could encrypt the token before handing it off to the client, either using their own public key, or delivering them the key out of band. That secures the delivery, but still does not cover everything.\nIn short, there's no easy solution. You can perform due diligence and require use of security features, but once the client has decrypted the token, there is still no way to ensure they won't accidentally or otherwise expose it anyway. Good security requires both participants practice good habits.\nThe nice thing about tokens is you can just give them a preset lifespan, or easily revoke them and generate new ones if you suspect they have been compromised.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,jwt","A_Id":46333523,"CreationDate":"2017-09-20T20:52:00.000","Title":"How to give clients JSON web token (JWT) in secure fashion?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python application that needs to give users a JSON web token for authentication. The token is built using the PyJWT library (import jwt).\nFrom what I have been reading it seems like an acceptable practice to give the token to a client after they have provided some credentials, such as logging in.\nThe client then uses that token in the HTTP request header in the Authorization Bearer field which must happen over TLS to ensure the token is not exposed.\nThe part I do not understand is what if the client exposes that token accidentally? Won't that enable anybody with that token to impersonate them?\nWhat is the most secure way to hand off the token to a client?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":550,"Q_Id":46331570,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Token will be build based on user provided information and what you back-end decided to be part of the token. For higher security you can just widen your token information to some specific data of the user like current ip address or device mac address, this will give you a more secure way of authentication but will restrict user to every time use the same device, as a matter you can send a confirmation email when a new login happens.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,jwt","A_Id":46337636,"CreationDate":"2017-09-20T20:52:00.000","Title":"How to give clients JSON web token (JWT) in secure fashion?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What's the equivalent of:\ndriver.get_cookies()\nto get the LocalStorage instead of \u0421ookies?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":40399,"Q_Id":46361494,"Users Score":20,"Answer":"I solved using:\ndriver.execute_script(\"return window.localStorage;\")\nEDIT: this is a quick and short answer. See Florent B.'s answer for a more detailed one.","Q_Score":31,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,local-storage,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":46361873,"CreationDate":"2017-09-22T09:37:00.000","Title":"How to get the localStorage with Python and Selenium WebDriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to simulate a file download via http(s) from within a Python script. The script is used to test a router\/modem appliance in my local LAN. \nCurrently, I have a virtual machine's network configured to use the appliance as default gateway and DNS. The python script on my test machine sshs into the VM using the Phython's paramiko library. From within the python script using this ssh connection I run wget https:\/\/some.websi.te\/some_file.zip. That seems like overkill but I don't want to reconfigure the network on my machine running the test script.\nIs there a way to eliminate the extra VM (the one that runs wget via ssh) and still simulate the download? Of course that should run within my python test script on my local machine? \nIn other words can I get python to use another gateway than the system default from within a script?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":431,"Q_Id":46362927,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I can provide 2 ways to do want you want: a bad way, and a clean way.\nLet's talk about the bad way:\nIf your script is using \"the default gateway\" of the system, may be, by setting up a dedicated route for your destination used by your script into your system to avoid your script to use the default gateway, may be enough to solve your problem. This is a bad way because not only your script will be impacted, all the traffic generated from your host to that destination will be impacted.\nLet's talk about the clean way. I suppose your are running Linux, but I think you may be able to do the same in all OS that are supporting multi-routing tables feature into their kernel.\nHere is the summary of the steps you need to do:\n\nto prepare the second (or third ...) routing table using the ip command and the 'table table_name' option\nto create a rule traffic selector using ip rule using the uidrange option. This option allows you to select the traffic based on the UID of the user.\n\nWhen you have done these steps, you can test your setup by creating a user account within the range of UID selected into ip-rule command and test your routing setup.\nThe last step, is to modify your python script by switching your uid to the uid selected in ip-rule, and existing from it when you have finish to generate your traffic.\nTo summarize the clean way, it is to do the same as the bad way, but just for a limited number of users uid of your Linux system by using the multi-routing tables kernel feature, and to switch to the selected user into your script to use the special routing setup.\nThe multi-routing tables feature of kernel is the only feature I think that is able to merge 2 different systems, as you requested it, your host and its VM, without the need of VM. And you can activate the feature by switching from one user to another one into your script of any language.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,networking,python-requests","A_Id":46373450,"CreationDate":"2017-09-22T10:48:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to make a http request in python using another gateway than the system default?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to use a Python module like urllib.request but have all the module's dependencies in a file where I can use them on a computer without having the entire Python installation. \nIs there a module or tool I can use to just copy a specific module into a file and it's dependencies without having to go through the entire script and copying it manually.  I'm using Python 3.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1569,"Q_Id":46383369,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use a container tech.\nDocker, for example, gives you the ability to port your code with dependencies to any machine you want without you have to install anything new in the machine and it saves a lot of time too.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,python-module","A_Id":46383961,"CreationDate":"2017-09-23T19:15:00.000","Title":"How to copy a Python module and it's dependencies to a file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python script that scrapes data from different websites then writes some data into CSV files.\nI run this every day from my local computer but I would like to make this automatically running on a server and possibly for free.\nI tried PythonAnywhere but it looks that their whitelist stops me from scraping bloomberg.com.\nI then passed to Heroku, I deployed my worker (the python script). Everything seems to work but looking with Heroku bash to the directory where the python script is supposed to write the CSV files nothing appears.\nI also realised that I have no idea of how I would download those CSV files in case those were written.\nI am wondering if I can actually achieve what I am trying to achieve with Heroku or if the only way to get a python script to work on a server is by paying for PythonAnywhere and avoid scraping restriction?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":484,"Q_Id":46390149,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Heroku's filesystem is per-dyno and ephemeral. You must not save things to it for later use.\nOne alternative is to write it to somewhere permanent, such as Amazon S3. You can use the boto library for this. Although you do have to pay for S3 storage and data, it's very inexpensive.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,csv,heroku,web-scraping,download","A_Id":46390214,"CreationDate":"2017-09-24T12:42:00.000","Title":"Can I use Heroku to Scrape Data to later Download?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Scrapy seems to complete without processing all the requests. I know this because i am logging before and after queueing the request and I can clearly see that.\nI am logging in both parse and error callback methods and none of them got called for those missing requests.\nHow can I debug what happened to those requests?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":43,"Q_Id":46466345,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to add dont_filter=True when re-queueing the request. Though the request may not match other request but Scrapy remembers what requests it has already made and it will filter out if you re-queue it. It will assume it was by mistake.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"scrapy,python-3.5,scrapy-spider","A_Id":46466842,"CreationDate":"2017-09-28T10:01:00.000","Title":"requests disappear after queueing in scrapy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Whats the best way to handle invalid parameters passed in with a GET or POST request in Flask+Python?\nLet's say for the sake of argument I handle a GET request using Flask+Python that requires a parameter that needs to be an integer but the client supplies it as a value that cannot be interpreted as an integer.  So, obviously, an exception will be thrown when I try to convert that parameter to an integer.\nMy question is should I let that exception propagate, thus letting Flask do it's default thing of returning an HTTP status code of 500 back to the client?  Or should I handle it and return a proper (IMO) status code of 400 back to the client?\nThe first option is the easier of the two.  The downside is that the resulting error isn't clear as to whose at fault here.  A system admin might look at the logs and not knowing anything about Python or Flask might conclude that there's a bug in the code.  However, if I return a 400 then it becomes more clear that the problem might be on the client's end.\nWhat do most people do in these situations?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1882,"Q_Id":46488989,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you look at most of the REST APIs, they will return 400 and appropriate error message back to the client if the user sends request parameters of a different type than is expected.\nSo, you should go with your 2nd option.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,flask","A_Id":46489288,"CreationDate":"2017-09-29T12:36:00.000","Title":"Best way to handle invalid GET\/POST request parameters with Flask+Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Whats the best way to handle invalid parameters passed in with a GET or POST request in Flask+Python?\nLet's say for the sake of argument I handle a GET request using Flask+Python that requires a parameter that needs to be an integer but the client supplies it as a value that cannot be interpreted as an integer.  So, obviously, an exception will be thrown when I try to convert that parameter to an integer.\nMy question is should I let that exception propagate, thus letting Flask do it's default thing of returning an HTTP status code of 500 back to the client?  Or should I handle it and return a proper (IMO) status code of 400 back to the client?\nThe first option is the easier of the two.  The downside is that the resulting error isn't clear as to whose at fault here.  A system admin might look at the logs and not knowing anything about Python or Flask might conclude that there's a bug in the code.  However, if I return a 400 then it becomes more clear that the problem might be on the client's end.\nWhat do most people do in these situations?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1882,"Q_Id":46488989,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"A status code of 400 means you tell the client \"hey, you've messed up, don't try that again\". A status code of 500 means you tell the client \"hey, I've messed up, feel free to try again later when I've fixed that bug\".\nIn your case, you should return a 400 since the party that is at fault is the client.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,flask","A_Id":46489291,"CreationDate":"2017-09-29T12:36:00.000","Title":"Best way to handle invalid GET\/POST request parameters with Flask+Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to hide a InlineKeyboardMarkup if no answer is provided. I'm using Python and python-telegram-bot. Is this possible?\nThank you.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":545,"Q_Id":46492279,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just edit the message sent without providing a reply_markup.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":46501988,"CreationDate":"2017-09-29T15:33:00.000","Title":"Hide InlineKeyboardMarkup in no answer provided","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking to create an AWS system with one master EC2 instance which can create other instances. \nFor now, I managed to create python files with boto able to create ec2 instances.\nThe script works fine in my computer environment but when I try to deploy it using Amazon BeanStalk with Django (Python 3.4 included) the script doesn't work. I can't configure aws cli (and so Boto) through SSL because the only user I can access is ec2-user and the web server uses another user. \nI could simply handwrite my access ID key and password on the python file but that would not be secure. What can I do to solve this problem? \nI also discovered AWS cloudformation today, is it a better idea to create new instances with that rather than with the boto function run?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":161,"Q_Id":46493886,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This sounds like an AWS credentials question, not specifically a \"create ec2 instances\" question. The answer is to assign the appropriate AWS permissions to the EC2 instance via an IAM role. Then your boto\/boto3 code and\/or the AWS CLI running on that instance will have permissions to make the necessary AWS API calls without having an access key and secret key stored in your code.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,boto,aws-cli","A_Id":46494159,"CreationDate":"2017-09-29T17:15:00.000","Title":"How to create ec2 instances from another instance? boto awscli","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an issue with requests lib :\nWith a code like\nrequests.get(\"HTTPS:\/\/api.twitch.tv\/helix\/...\", headers = headers),\nwith the information that twitch API needs in the variable \"headers\".\nAnd unfortunately, with except Exception, e:    print(e) I get ('Connection aborted.', BadStatusLine(\"''\",)).\nI already tried to fake my user agent.\nI'm almost sure that it isn't from server (Twitch) because I also use the ancient API and I have the same bug, while I already used it successfully (Since that, I reseted my Raspberry, it may can explain...).\nIt doesn't do this error every requests, but like 1 on 10 so it's a bit embarrassing.\nI also have this error only with Raspbian, but not with Windows.\nThanks for helping me, a young lost coder.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":960,"Q_Id":46520193,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There are a lot of reasons for this error and main of them is - you violate Twitch's user policy (which directly prohibit using scrapers) and server banned some of your requests.\nYou should try to use sessions when you access site:\nsession = requests.Session()\nand use session.get instead of requests.get\nAnother things to try are limit your requests rate and rotate different sessions with different headers (don't mix headers and sessions).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-requests,twitch","A_Id":46521360,"CreationDate":"2017-10-02T05:57:00.000","Title":"Python - requests lib - error ('Connection aborted.', BadStatusLine(\"''\",))","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to open a page and get some data from it, using Requests and BeautifulSoup. How can I see the response of a requests.post in my browser as a page instead of the source code?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":987,"Q_Id":46528522,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to learn about python GUI libraries like PyQt5 and instale it under your python libraries so that through QtWebEngineWidget and QWebView you can render your page to display it.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-requests","A_Id":46528848,"CreationDate":"2017-10-02T15:19:00.000","Title":"python requests: show response in browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm planning on using the Teradata Python module, which can use either the Teradata REST API or ODBC to connect to Teradata. I'm wondering what the performance would be like for REST vs. ODBC connection methods for fairly large data pulls (> 1 million rows, > 1 GB of results).\nInformation on Teradata's site suggests that the use case for the REST API is more for direct access of Teradata by browsers or web applications, which implies to me that it may not be optimized for queries that return more data than a browser would be expected to handle. I also wonder if JSON overhead will make it less efficient than the ODBC data format for sending query results over the network.\nDoes anyone have experience with Teradata REST services performance or can point to any comparisons between REST and ODBC for Teradata?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2042,"Q_Id":46538313,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I had exactly the same question. As the rest web server is active for us, I just run a few tests. I tested PyTD with rest and odbc back ends, and jdbc using jaydebeapi + Jpype1. I used Python 3.5, CentOS 7 machine, I got similar results with python 3.6 on centos and on windows. \nRest was the fastest and jdbc was the slowest. It is interesting, because in R JDBC was really fast. That probably means JPype is the bottleneck. Rest was also very fast for writing, but my guess is that could be improved in JDBC using prepared statements appropriately.\nWe are now going to switch to rest for production. Let's see how it goes, it is also not problem free for sure. Another advantage is that our analysts want also to work on their own pcs\/macs and rest is the easiest to install particularly on windows (you do pip install teradata and you are done, while for odbc and jaydebeapi+Jpype you need a compiler, and with odbc spend some time to get it configured right).\nIf speed is critical I guess another way would be to write a java command line app that fetches the rows, writes them to a csv and then read the csv from python. I did not test, but based on my previous experience on these kind of issues I bet that is going to be faster than anything else.\n\nSelecting 1M rows\n\nPython 3- JDBC:    24 min\nPython 3- ODBC:    6.5 min\nPython 3- Rest:    4 min\nR - JDBC:            35 s\n\nSelecting 100 K rows\n\nPython 3- JDBC      141 s\nPython 3- ODBC      41 s\nPython 3- Rest      16 s\nR - JDBC            5 s\n\nInserting 100 K Rows\n\nPython 3- JDBC      got errors, too lazy to correct them\nPython 3- ODBC      7 min\nPython 3- Rest      8 s (batch) 9 min (no batch)\nR - JDBC            8 min","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,odbc,teradata","A_Id":49409451,"CreationDate":"2017-10-03T06:23:00.000","Title":"How does the Teradata REST API performance compare to other means of querying Teradata?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a really basic django app to get weather.\nI need to get user's location to show them their current location's weather. I am using GeoIP for that.\nBut an issue has come up that GeoIP does not have information of all the IP addresses. It returns NoneType for those IP addresses.\nI want to know if there is any other precise way by which I can info about User's current latitude and longitude, like maybe browser API? It should not miss any User's location like GeoIP does.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1361,"Q_Id":46547897,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"First of all, You can NOT get exact location of user by IP.\nSome IPs of ISPs are not relevant with user location but with their IDC location.\nSo If you \"really\" want your client's location, you should use client(browser)'s GeoLocation API. (Fron-end)\nWhat you have to do is..\n\nget user location by Geolocation API\npost user location to your server\nreturn location-based information\nupdate your webpage(DOM) with info.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,geolocation,geoip","A_Id":46548014,"CreationDate":"2017-10-03T15:11:00.000","Title":"django - How to get location through browser IP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For the last few months i've been working on a Rest API for a web app for the company I work for. The endpoints supply data such as transaction history, user data, and data for support tickets. However, I keep running into one issue that always seems to set me back to some extent.\nThe issue I seem to keep running into is how do I handle user authentication for the Rest API securely? All data is going to be sent over a SSL connection, but there's a part of me that's paranoid about potential security problems that could arise. As it currently stands when a client attempts to login the client must provide a username or email address, and a password to a login endpoint (E.G \"\/api\/login\"). Along with with this information, a browser fingerprint must be supplied through header of the request that's sending the login credentials. The API then validates whether or not the specified user exists, checks whether or not the password supplied is correct, and stores the fingerprint in a database model. To access any other endpoints in the API a valid token from logging in, and a valid browser fingerprint are required.\nI've been using browser fingerprints as a means to prevent token-hijacking, and as a way make sure that the same device used to login is being used to make the requests. However, I have noticed a scenario where this practice backfires on me. The client-side library i'm using to generate browser fingerprints isn't always accurate. Sometimes the library spits out a different fingerprint entirely. Which causes some client requests to fail as the different fingerprint isn't recognized by the API as being valid. I would like to keep track of what devices are used to make requests to the API. Is there a more consistent way of doing so, while still protecting tokens from being hijacked?\nWhen thinking of the previous question, there is another one that also comes to mind. How do I store auth tokens on client-side securely, or in a way that makes it difficult for someone to obtain the tokens through malicious means such as a xss-attack? I understand setting a strict Content-Security Policy on browser based clients can be effective in defending against xss-attacks. However, I still get paranoid about storing tokens as cookies or in local storage.\nI understand oauth2 is usually a good solution to user authentication, and I have considered using it before to deal with this problem. Although, i'm writing the API using Flask, and i'm also using JSON Web tokens. As it currently stands, Flask's implementation of oauth2 has no way to use JWTs as access tokens when using oauth for authentication.\nThis is my first large-scale project where I have had to deal with this issue and i am not sure what to do. Any help, advice, or critiques are appreciated. I'm in need of the help right now.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":260,"Q_Id":46562267,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Put  an API Gateway in front of your API , your API Gateway is publicly ( i.e in the DMZ ) exposed while the actual API are internal.\nYou can look into Kong..","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,rest,api,security,authentication","A_Id":46562640,"CreationDate":"2017-10-04T10:10:00.000","Title":"How to handle Rest API user authentication securely?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a \"main\" process and a few \"worker\" processes between which I want to pass some messages. The messages could be binary blobs but has a fixed size for each. I want an abstraction which will neatly buffer and separate out each message for me. I don't want to invent my own protocol on top of TCP, and I can't find any simple+lightweight solution that is portable across languages. (As of now, the \"main\" process is a Node.js server, and the \"worker\" processes are planned to be in Python.)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3857,"Q_Id":46571076,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The question is purely opinion based but I will give it a shot anyway:\nWebSocket is an overkill imo. First of all in order to make WebSockets work you have to implement HTTP (or at least some basic form of it) to do the handshake. If you do that then it is better to stick to \"normal\" HTTP unless there's a reason for full-duplex communication. There are lots of tools everywhere to handle HTTP over (unix domain) sockets.\nBut this might be an overkill as well. If you have workers then I suppose performance matters. The easiest and (probably) most efficient solution is a following protocol: each message starts with 1-8 (pick a number) bytes which determine the size of the following content. The content is anything you want, e.g. protobuf message. For example if you want to send foo, then you send 0x03 0x00 0x66 0x6f 0x6f. First two bytes correspond to the size of the content (being 3) and then 3 bytes correspond to foo.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,node.js,websocket,ipc","A_Id":46571515,"CreationDate":"2017-10-04T17:46:00.000","Title":"Is using websockets a good idea for IPC?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a \"main\" process and a few \"worker\" processes between which I want to pass some messages. The messages could be binary blobs but has a fixed size for each. I want an abstraction which will neatly buffer and separate out each message for me. I don't want to invent my own protocol on top of TCP, and I can't find any simple+lightweight solution that is portable across languages. (As of now, the \"main\" process is a Node.js server, and the \"worker\" processes are planned to be in Python.)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3857,"Q_Id":46571076,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It sounds like you need a message broker of some sort. \nYour requirement for \u201cbuffering\u201d would exclude, for example, ZeroMQ (which is ideal for inter-process communication, but has no built-in message persistence).\nThis leaves you with options such as RabbitMQ or SQS if you happen to be on AWS. You might also look at Kafka (Kinesis on AWS). These services all offer \u201cbuffering\u201d of messages, with RabbitMQ offering the greatest range of configurations, but probably the greatest implementation hurdle.\nAnother option would be to use Redis as a simple messaging service.\nThere are a number options, all of which suit different use-cases and environments. I should add though that \u201csimple and lightweight\u201d doesn\u2019t really fit with any solution other than - perhaps - ZeroMQ","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,node.js,websocket,ipc","A_Id":46571589,"CreationDate":"2017-10-04T17:46:00.000","Title":"Is using websockets a good idea for IPC?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am receiving the following error message in spyder.\nWarning: You are using requests version , which is older than requests-oauthlib expects, please upgrade to 2.0.0 or later.\nI am not sure how i upgrade requests. I am using python 2.7 as part of an anaconda installation","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":192,"Q_Id":46572148,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You should try conda install requests>=2, so conda will take care of all dependencies and try to install a version of requests above 2.0.0","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,anaconda,spyder","A_Id":46593691,"CreationDate":"2017-10-04T18:51:00.000","Title":"Error message in spyder, upgrade requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to Power on\/off a device using appium. I modified Webdriver.py in Appium python client. I added a function and command for power off. Its not working. Can anyone help me with Appium commands for power on\/off. PS - I can not use adb commands","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":877,"Q_Id":46604245,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm interested what function you added, because Appium server does not support device power on\/off out of box, the only way you can do it is to use adb directly","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"webdriver,appium,python-appium","A_Id":47365628,"CreationDate":"2017-10-06T11:00:00.000","Title":"Power on\/off using Appium commands","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to Power on\/off a device using appium. I modified Webdriver.py in Appium python client. I added a function and command for power off. Its not working. Can anyone help me with Appium commands for power on\/off. PS - I can not use adb commands","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":877,"Q_Id":46604245,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"adb shell reboot -p power off device\nadb reboot -p restart the device","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"webdriver,appium,python-appium","A_Id":46726929,"CreationDate":"2017-10-06T11:00:00.000","Title":"Power on\/off using Appium commands","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to use python and understand SVG drawings. I would like python to behave similar to java script and get information from SVG. I understand that there can be 2 types of information in SVG.\n\nXML based information - such as elementbyID, elementbyTagNames\nStructural information - positional information taking transformations in to consideration too - such as getelementfrompoint, getboundingbox\n\nI have searched around and found python libraries such as lxml for xml processing in svg. Also I found libraries such as svgpathtools, svg.path , but as I understand, these deal only with svgpath elements. \nSo my question is, \n\nAre there any good libraries which support processing svg in python?(similar to java script)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1202,"Q_Id":46624831,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try to use Pygal. It's used for creating interactive .svg pictures.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,svg,libraries","A_Id":46625764,"CreationDate":"2017-10-07T20:32:00.000","Title":"Processing SVG in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to use python and understand SVG drawings. I would like python to behave similar to java script and get information from SVG. I understand that there can be 2 types of information in SVG.\n\nXML based information - such as elementbyID, elementbyTagNames\nStructural information - positional information taking transformations in to consideration too - such as getelementfrompoint, getboundingbox\n\nI have searched around and found python libraries such as lxml for xml processing in svg. Also I found libraries such as svgpathtools, svg.path , but as I understand, these deal only with svgpath elements. \nSo my question is, \n\nAre there any good libraries which support processing svg in python?(similar to java script)","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1202,"Q_Id":46624831,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Start your search by visiting www.pypi.org and search for \"svg\". Review what exists and see what suits your needs.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"javascript,python,svg,libraries","A_Id":46625377,"CreationDate":"2017-10-07T20:32:00.000","Title":"Processing SVG in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Using the Python requests library, is there a way to fetch the HTTP response headers and only fetch the body over the network when the Content-Type header is some specific type?\nI can of course issue a HEAD request, inspect the Content-Type and if the type matches, issue a GET request. But is there a way to avoid fetching the HTTP headers twice?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":78,"Q_Id":46634665,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I choose to do requests.head(), inspect the content-type and if the type is something that should be fetched, do requests.get() to get the body.\nThe extra network I\/O of fetching headers twice is outweighed by not fetching bodies of other content types.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,python-requests","A_Id":46694608,"CreationDate":"2017-10-08T18:35:00.000","Title":"Fetch content of HTML page using python requests dependig on Content-Type?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"When I do something like:\nec2_client.describe_images(ImageIds=['ami-123456'])\nThe response I get is missing the 'Tags'. This is not the case when I do the same call using aws cli:\naws ec2 describe-images --image-ids ami-123456","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":113,"Q_Id":46645664,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"FYI: The problem is caused by the fact that credentials from another account was used due to our setup with parent and child accounts","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,botocore","A_Id":46651021,"CreationDate":"2017-10-09T11:44:00.000","Title":"botocore - Tags are missing from 'describe_images' response","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using blpapi 3.5.5. windows python api. I am getting intraday tick data using \/\/blp\/refdata, following fields: BEST_BID, BEST_ASK and TRADE. Using Bloomberg terminal I found fields: IN_AUCTION, AUCTION_TYPE and TRADE_STATUS, but none of it works, returning NotFoundException.\nDou you know any field that is containing stock info (e.g. in auction\/continiuos trading) available in  \/\/blp\/refdata?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1211,"Q_Id":46665924,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Intraday Tick fields are limited to the following fields:\nTRADE\nBID\nASK\nBID_BEST\nASK_BEST\nBID_YIELD\nASK_YIELD\nMID_PRICE\nAT_TRADE\nBEST_BID\nBEST_ASK\nSETTLE\nYou can optionally include the following fields:\nAction Codes\nBicMic Codes\nBroker Codes\nClient Specific Fields\nCondition Codes\nEq Ref Price\nExchange Codes\nIndicator Codes\nNon Plottable Events\nRps Codes\nSpread Price\nTrade Id\nTrade Time\nUpfront Price\nYield\nAs for IN_AUCTION, AUCTION_TYPE and TRADE_STATUS, you can pull them using a ReferenceDataRequest, or subscribe to IN_AUCTION_RT, RT_EXCH_TRADE_STATUS, respectively.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bloomberg","A_Id":46687728,"CreationDate":"2017-10-10T11:44:00.000","Title":"Bloomberg API \/blp\/refdata: stockinfo","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using blpapi 3.5.5. windows python api. I am getting intraday tick data using \/\/blp\/refdata, following fields: BEST_BID, BEST_ASK and TRADE. Using Bloomberg terminal I found fields: IN_AUCTION, AUCTION_TYPE and TRADE_STATUS, but none of it works, returning NotFoundException.\nDou you know any field that is containing stock info (e.g. in auction\/continiuos trading) available in  \/\/blp\/refdata?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1211,"Q_Id":46665924,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Those fields are not available for all securities.\nFor example IN_AUCTION returns a value for VOD LN Equity but not for IBM US Equity. HELP HELP may be able to explain why.\nSo you need to add some logic and check for the exception.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bloomberg","A_Id":46666854,"CreationDate":"2017-10-10T11:44:00.000","Title":"Bloomberg API \/blp\/refdata: stockinfo","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using blpapi 3.5.5. windows python api. I am getting intraday tick data using \/\/blp\/refdata, following fields: BEST_BID, BEST_ASK and TRADE. Using Bloomberg terminal I found fields: IN_AUCTION, AUCTION_TYPE and TRADE_STATUS, but none of it works, returning NotFoundException.\nDou you know any field that is containing stock info (e.g. in auction\/continiuos trading) available in  \/\/blp\/refdata?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1211,"Q_Id":46665924,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"After communicating with support, we finally found the answer. When sending request, 'conditionCodes' need to be set as True, then depending on stock exchange codes mainly for auction will be send, such as OA as opening auction, IA intraday auction, etc. Meaning some of codes can be found in the terminal using QR <GO>","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bloomberg","A_Id":46724437,"CreationDate":"2017-10-10T11:44:00.000","Title":"Bloomberg API \/blp\/refdata: stockinfo","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was able to get the callback with the redirect_uri and auth code and I was able to authorize the user and redirect him but I am not getting the account_linking in the request object after successful login ie.., I want to check whether the user is logged in or not for every message he sends.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":125,"Q_Id":46667754,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The account linking feature does not support this type of token validation. You would need to send a request to your auth server to check if the person is still logged in.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bots,facebook-messenger,messenger,facebook-messenger-bot","A_Id":46671593,"CreationDate":"2017-10-10T13:16:00.000","Title":"Facebook messenger account linking","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I identify a remote host OS (Unix\/Windows) using python ? One solution I found is to check whether the port22 is open but came to know that some Windows hosts also having Port 22 open but connections refused. Please let me know the efficient way to do the same. Thanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3377,"Q_Id":46669453,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"For security reasons, most operating systems do not advertise information over the network.  While tools such as nmap can deduce the OS running on a remote system by scanning ports over the network the only way to reliably know the OS is to login to the system.  In many cases the OS will be reported as part of the login process so establishing a connection over the network will suffice to determine the OS.  Running \"uname -a\" on the remote system will also retrieve the OS type on linux systems.\nThis will retrieve the welcome string from HOST which usually includes the OS type.  Substitute a valid user name for UNAME and host name for HOST.\n\n    #!\/usr\/bin\/env python3\n\n    import sys\n    import subprocess\n\n    CMD=\"uname -a\"\n\n    conn = subprocess.Popen([\"ssh\", \"UNAME@HOST\", CMD],\n            shell=False,\n            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,\n            stderr=subprocess.PIPE)\n    res = conn.stdout.readlines()\n    print(res)","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,linux,windows,remote-access,remote-server","A_Id":46670748,"CreationDate":"2017-10-10T14:36:00.000","Title":"Efficient way of finding remote host's operating system using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i have had a rough time getting my scripts to work on my raspberry pi zero w and the last program i need installed requires selenium. This script was designed for windows 10 + python 2.7 because i make my scripts in this environment. \nI was wondering if it is possible to use selenium on a raspberry pi zero w and preferably headless if possible.\nI can't find any info, help or guidelines online anywhere and have no idea how to use pip in raspbian (if it even has pip).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":757,"Q_Id":46675769,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I don't see why you couldn't. You can install pip with apt install python-pip, you'll probably need to sudo that command unless you login as root.\nThen you can just open a terminal and use the pip install command to get selenium. If that doesn't work you can try running python -m pip install instead.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium","A_Id":46677415,"CreationDate":"2017-10-10T20:49:00.000","Title":"Selenium (Maybe headless) on raspberry pi zero w","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"i have a python script which uses requests module. I had installed requests on my machine and the script runs fine. Now I wanted to run this script on server so that it's always available(otherwise it requires my local machine to be running that script all the time, for it to function)\nI installed requests (via pip install requests) and when I do pip freeze, it does show requests as one of the installed modules. but when I run the script, I get an error \nimport requests \nImportError: No module named requests\nit is unable to find requests even when I try importing it in python shell on server, gives the same error - No module named requests.\nHow do I get this going - TIA\nEDIT: It was an issue with the version difference - I was trying on python2.6(which happened to be the default on the server) and requests module was for 2.7. After trying to run the script using python2.7, it worked just fine.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":752,"Q_Id":46683335,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It was an issue with the python versions. My server's default was 2.6 and requests was 2.7 - tried running python2.7 and then it worked. Closing this.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-requests","A_Id":46684566,"CreationDate":"2017-10-11T08:25:00.000","Title":"unable to import requests in python on server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using BOT API for telegram,\nthrough setGameScore i tried to set game score of user with _user_id_ and score but its not working ...\nused bot.setGameScore (user_id = 56443156,score=65)\nIam not using game to set only for inlinequery\ni received a  caused error : \"Message to set game score not found\"","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":489,"Q_Id":46685936,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Used :\nbot.setGameScore (user_id = 5432131, score=76,inline_message_id=uygrtfghfxGKJB)\nI received these two(user_id,inline_message_id)  parameters  from update.callback_query","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":46703372,"CreationDate":"2017-10-11T10:30:00.000","Title":"How to set game score using setGameScore in python telegram bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I can see that we can create account on PyPI using OpenID as well. Can we also upload python packages to PyPI server using OpenID? Something like generic upload procedure by creating .pypirc file and using PyPI username and password.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":111,"Q_Id":46702163,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think it's possible. Setup username and password at PyPI and use them in your .pypirc.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,pip,pypi,python-wheel,twine","A_Id":46708728,"CreationDate":"2017-10-12T05:38:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to upload python package on PyPI using OpenID?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a game where I have to get data from the server (through REST WebService with JSON) but the problem is I don't know when the data will be available on the server. So, I decided to use such a method that hit Server after specific time or on request on every frame of the game. But certainly this is not the right, scale able and efficient approach. Obviously, hammering is not the right choice. \nNow my question is that how do I know that data has arrived at server so that I can use this data to run my game. Or how should I direct the back-end team to design the server in an efficient way that it responds efficiently. \nRemember at server side I have Python while client side is C# with unity game-engine.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46,"Q_Id":46708236,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It is clearly difficult to provide an answer with little details. TL;DR is that it depends on what game you are developing. However, polling is very inefficient for at least three reasons:\n\nThe former, as you have already pointed out, it is inefficient because you generate additional workload when there is no need\nThe latter, because it requires TCP - server-generated updates can be sent using UDP instead, with some pros and cons (like potential loss of packets due to lack of ACK)\nYou may get the updates too late, particularly in the case of multiplayer games. Imagine that the last update happened right after the previous poll, and your poll is each 5 seconds. The status could be already stale.\n\nThe long and the short of it is that if you are developing a turn-based game, poll could be alright. If you are developing (as the use of Unity3D would suggest) a real-time game, then server-generated updates, ideally using UDP, are in my opinion the way to go.\nHope that helps and good luck with your project.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"c#,python,json,rest,web-services","A_Id":46719477,"CreationDate":"2017-10-12T11:16:00.000","Title":"Check the data has updated at server without requesting every frame of the game","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to web scrape some Tweets from this url using Python 3.5\nurl = \"https:\/\/twitter.com\/search?l=en&q=ecb%20draghi%20since%3A2012-09-01%20until%3A2012-09-02&src=typd\"\nMy problem is that %20d %20s %20u are already encoded in Python 3.5, so my code does not run on this url. Is there a way to solve this issue?\nThanks in advance,\nBest","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":622,"Q_Id":46709569,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"%20 is the URL encoding for space (0x20 being space's ASCII code). Just replace all those %20 by spaces and everything will likely work.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,hyperlink,web-scraping,percentage","A_Id":46709727,"CreationDate":"2017-10-12T12:25:00.000","Title":"%20d %20s %20u in link Python 3.5","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"wanna have a script that scrapes the titles of a list of URLs, but it could be super slow if we need to wait until the whole page gets loaded. The title is the only thing I am looking for.\nCan we stop page loading when the title gets loaded? maybe with something like EC.title_contains.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1464,"Q_Id":46751028,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The problem is that webdriver.io as example waits until the page has fully loaded and the loading timer in the tab is away. This is for a good reason because a lot of API\u00b4s like .getText are not working until the complete page is loaded because sometimes the element will only be loaded at the end as example.\nBut you can reduce the loading time by:\n1. You use extension like script safe or other simple script blocker that block EVERYTHING with javascript inline or external.\n2. Go to chrome settings and disable everything like cookies, javascript, flash etc. just everything.\n3. Go to chrome:\/\/flags and disable everything from javascript (all API\u00b4s like gamepad API ETC.) to WebGL, Canvas etc. - You can really disable everything I also have a chrome profile where I disabled everything.\nNow with normal Internet Speed and good CPU you can open every site in 1-3 seconds.\nOr alternative you can try a headless browser.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,css,selenium,web-scraping","A_Id":46963554,"CreationDate":"2017-10-15T02:04:00.000","Title":"Selenium python: How to stop page loading when the head\/title gets loaded?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know very little about js and I'm trying to create a program that will get information about a browser based javascript game while I play it. I can't use a webdriver as I will be playing the game at the time. \nWhen I inspect the js on google chrome and look at the console, I can see all the information that I want to work with but I don't know how I can save that to a file or access it at the time in order to parse it. Preferably I'd be able to do this with python as that's what I will use for my code that will handle the info once I have it. \nAny help or a point in the right direction would be appreciated, thank you :)\nps, I'm on Windows if that's important","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":36,"Q_Id":46759726,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"hacking a game I see. Provided you are aware that what you are doing may diminish the validity of other's playtime as well as potentially committing a crime, I shall provide a solution:\nYou would need to get a piece of \"sniffing\" software which allows modifications.\nThe modifications are likely to be the addition of \"Querystring\" and \"JSON\" parsers to read the data traffic. At this point, you can begin learning how their particular system works, slowly replacing traffic with modified versions for your nefarious purposes.\n\"TCP Sniffing\" includes creating a \"RAW TCP SOCKET\" in whatever language and then repeatedly \"READ'ing \/ RECV'ing\" from that socket. The socket MUST be bound TO THE SPECIFIC NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC). Hint: \"LOCALHOST\" and \"127.0.0.1\" are NOT the addresses of any NIC.\nYou would then parse the data as a HTTP req\/res stream, ensuring that you can read the contents of the frame correctly.\nYou would then be looking to either modify the contents of the POST body or the GET querystring. Either, depending on how the game designers designed their network system.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,screen-scraping","A_Id":46760481,"CreationDate":"2017-10-15T20:35:00.000","Title":"How to scrape javascript while using a webpage normally?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For the past few months, I have been using Selenium to automate a very boring but essential part of my job which involves uploading forms.\nRecently, the site has implemented a feed back survey which randomly pops up and switches the driver to a new frame. I have written the code which can handle this pop up and switch back to my default frame however the issue is with the randomness.\nIs there a way to run my popup handling code as soon the exception generated by the wrong frame is thrown?\nI could encase my whole script in a try and except block but how do I direct the script to pick back up from where it left off?\nAny advice is much appreciated!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2555,"Q_Id":46776659,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I have encountered a similar kind of situation. \nMy recommendation to you is speak to your front end devs or the company which provides the feedback survey and ask them for a script to disable the pop-ups for a browser session that you run. \nThen, execute the script using selenium library(like JavascriptExecutor) as soon as you open the web page so that you do not see the random occuring pop-ups.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,selenium,automation,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":46777247,"CreationDate":"2017-10-16T18:17:00.000","Title":"Selenium Python - How to handle a random pop up?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For the past few months, I have been using Selenium to automate a very boring but essential part of my job which involves uploading forms.\nRecently, the site has implemented a feed back survey which randomly pops up and switches the driver to a new frame. I have written the code which can handle this pop up and switch back to my default frame however the issue is with the randomness.\nIs there a way to run my popup handling code as soon the exception generated by the wrong frame is thrown?\nI could encase my whole script in a try and except block but how do I direct the script to pick back up from where it left off?\nAny advice is much appreciated!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2555,"Q_Id":46776659,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I've encountered this on sites that I work on also. What I've found on our site is that it's not really random, it's on a timer. So basically the way it works is a customer comes to the site. If they haven't been prompted to sign up for X, then they get a popup. If they signed up or dismissed the popup, a cookie is written tracking that they already got the message. You want to find that tracking cookie and recreate it to prevent the popups.\nWhat I did was find that cookie, recreate it on an error page on the site domain (some made up page like example.com\/some404page), and then start the script as normal. It completely prevents the popup from occurring.\nTo find out if this is your case, navigate to the home page (or whatever is appropriate) and just wait for the popup. That will give you a sense of how long the timer is. Close the popup and reload the page. If the popup doesn't occur again, then I'm guessing it's the same mechanic.\nTo find the cookie, clear cookies in your browser and open your site again. (Don't close the popup yet). I use Chrome so I'll describe how to do it. The general approach should work in other browsers but the specific steps and command names may vary.\n\nOpen up the devtools (F12)\nNavigate to the Application tab and find Cookies (left panel)\nExpand Cookies and click on the domain of the site you are working on. There may be a lot of cookies in there from other sites, depending on your site.\nClick the Clear All button to clear all the cookies.\nClose the popup and watch for cookies to be created. Hopefully you will see one or just a few cookies created.\nNote the name of the cookies and delete them one at a time and reload the page and wait the 15s (or whatever) and see if the popup occurs.\n\nOnce the popup appears, you know that the last cookie you deleted is the one you need to recreate. You can now write a quick function that creates the cookie using Selenium by navigating to the dummy error page, example.com\/some404page, and create the cookie. Call that function at the start of your script. Profit.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,selenium,automation,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":46777980,"CreationDate":"2017-10-16T18:17:00.000","Title":"Selenium Python - How to handle a random pop up?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is probably not the best title for this question.\nSo i have a nodejs application running on my server which currently uses a python script for web-scraping but i am looking at moving this to the client-side due to individual client seeing different versions (potentially unique) of the same site.\nI an ideal world i would like to use javascript to get the html response from a page (what i can see in chrome by right-clicking and choosing view source) to then be processed in javascript. \nHowever from what i have read online this does not seem to be possible. I am aware of sites that provide the response (such as anyorigin.com) that can be scraped. However, these are not really suitable for me as i need to be able to scrape what the user see's as each user can potentially see something different on the site i want to scrape. The python script i am currently using would do this but it would require the user to have python installed in order for me to be able to execute it and this cannot be guaranteed.\nApologies for the block of text.\nIs there any solution to this problem ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1650,"Q_Id":46776763,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"After some research and the suggestions received, i created a chrome extension using the simple guide on the Chrome Developer site and used a CORSrequest to get what i needed.\nIf anyone finds this question and would like help, i am happy to provide further details\/assistance :)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,node.js,client-side","A_Id":47111903,"CreationDate":"2017-10-16T18:23:00.000","Title":"Web Scraping on client-side","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"This is probably not the best title for this question.\nSo i have a nodejs application running on my server which currently uses a python script for web-scraping but i am looking at moving this to the client-side due to individual client seeing different versions (potentially unique) of the same site.\nI an ideal world i would like to use javascript to get the html response from a page (what i can see in chrome by right-clicking and choosing view source) to then be processed in javascript. \nHowever from what i have read online this does not seem to be possible. I am aware of sites that provide the response (such as anyorigin.com) that can be scraped. However, these are not really suitable for me as i need to be able to scrape what the user see's as each user can potentially see something different on the site i want to scrape. The python script i am currently using would do this but it would require the user to have python installed in order for me to be able to execute it and this cannot be guaranteed.\nApologies for the block of text.\nIs there any solution to this problem ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1650,"Q_Id":46776763,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I was recently trying to do something very similar, and unfortunately, as far as I know there's not a way to do this on the client-side. You may be able to do some trickery and \"post\" the data you need back you the server where you deal with it, but I don't imagine that will be very efficient or straight forward. \nThough if you do find something, please do share.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,node.js,client-side","A_Id":46776879,"CreationDate":"2017-10-16T18:23:00.000","Title":"Web Scraping on client-side","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to build a chatbot in FB messenger.\nI could SEND typing indicator with sender action API.\nHowever, I can't find information about receiving it.\nIs there any way to do that or is it unavailable??\nThank you!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":162,"Q_Id":46783029,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Nope, there is no way to detect the indicator programmatically.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook,chatbot,messenger","A_Id":46815095,"CreationDate":"2017-10-17T05:26:00.000","Title":"how to receive typing indicator from user in facebook messenger","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am planning to do a data extraction from web sources (web scraping) as part of my work. I would like to extract info around my company's 10km radius.\nI would like to extract information such as condominiums, its address, number of units and its price per sqft. Other things like number of schools and kindergarten in the area and hotels.\nI understand I need to extract from few sources\/webpages. I will also be using Python.\nI would like to know which library or libraries should I be using. Is web scraping the only means? Can we extract info from Google Maps?\nAlso, if anyone has any experience I will really appreciate if you can guide me on this.\nThanks a lot, guys.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":360,"Q_Id":46785536,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For Google Maps, try the API. Using web scraping tools for Maps data extraction is highly discouraged by Google TOS.\nIf you are using Python, it has very nice libraries BeautifulSoup and Scrapy for this purpose.\nOther means? You can extract POIs from OSM data, try the open source tools. Property Info? May be it's available for your county \/ state from Govt Office, give it a try.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web,beautifulsoup,data-extraction","A_Id":46786396,"CreationDate":"2017-10-17T08:15:00.000","Title":"data extraction from web","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to download a directory with python3 using the requests library. I wanted to do it by \"walking\" (like os.walk), but never found the corresponding functions in requests.\nI struggle to find another way to do it.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":501,"Q_Id":46789770,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You won't find the \"corresponding functions\" (=> to os.walk()) in requests because there's no concept of \"directory\" or \"directory listing\" in the HTTP protocol. All you have are urls and resources... \nGiven your specs (\"I try to get data from my own server, so it lists directory contents\"), the best you can do is parsing the HTML your server generates for directory listing and issue requests for the links you find. BeautifulSoup is possibly the simplest solution for the parsing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,directory,python-requests","A_Id":46790562,"CreationDate":"2017-10-17T12:08:00.000","Title":"Trying to download a directory with requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using python kubernetes 3.0.0 library and kubernetes 1.6.6 on AWS.\nI have pods that can disappear quickly. Sometimes when I try to exec to them I get ApiException Handshake status 500 error status.\nThis is happening with in cluster configuration as well as kube config.\nWhen pod\/container doesn't exist I get 404 error which is reasonable but 500 is Internal Server Error. I don't get any 500 errors in kube-apiserver.log where I do find 404 ones.\nWhat does it mean and can someone point me in the right direction.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1730,"Q_Id":46789946,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For me, The reason for 500 was basically pod unable to pull the image from GCR","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,kubernetes","A_Id":69754077,"CreationDate":"2017-10-17T12:16:00.000","Title":"kubectl exec returning `Handshake status 500`","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using python kubernetes 3.0.0 library and kubernetes 1.6.6 on AWS.\nI have pods that can disappear quickly. Sometimes when I try to exec to them I get ApiException Handshake status 500 error status.\nThis is happening with in cluster configuration as well as kube config.\nWhen pod\/container doesn't exist I get 404 error which is reasonable but 500 is Internal Server Error. I don't get any 500 errors in kube-apiserver.log where I do find 404 ones.\nWhat does it mean and can someone point me in the right direction.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1730,"Q_Id":46789946,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For me the reason was,\nI had two pods, with same label attached, 1 pod was in Evicted state and other was running , i deleted that pod, which was Evicted and issue was fixed","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,kubernetes","A_Id":70119831,"CreationDate":"2017-10-17T12:16:00.000","Title":"kubectl exec returning `Handshake status 500`","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This program listen to Redis queue. If there is data in Redis, worker start to do their jobs. All these jobs have to run simultaneously that's why each worker listen to one particular Redis queue.\nMy question is : Is it common to run more than 20 workers to listen to Redis ? \npython \/usr\/src\/worker1.py\npython \/usr\/src\/worker2.py\npython \/usr\/src\/worker3.py\npython \/usr\/src\/worker4.py\npython \/usr\/src\/worker5.py\n....\n....\npython \/usr\/src\/worker6.py","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":834,"Q_Id":46808342,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If your worker need to do a long task with data, it's a solution. but each data must be treated by a single worker.\nBy this way, you can easly (without thread,etc..)  distribute your tasks, it's better if your worker doesn't work in the same server","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,redis,queue,worker","A_Id":46808422,"CreationDate":"2017-10-18T10:44:00.000","Title":"Is it common to run 20 python workers which uses Redis as Queue ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This program listen to Redis queue. If there is data in Redis, worker start to do their jobs. All these jobs have to run simultaneously that's why each worker listen to one particular Redis queue.\nMy question is : Is it common to run more than 20 workers to listen to Redis ? \npython \/usr\/src\/worker1.py\npython \/usr\/src\/worker2.py\npython \/usr\/src\/worker3.py\npython \/usr\/src\/worker4.py\npython \/usr\/src\/worker5.py\n....\n....\npython \/usr\/src\/worker6.py","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":834,"Q_Id":46808342,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Having multiple worker processes (and when I mean \"multiple\" I'm talking hundreds or more), possibly running on different machines, fetching jobs from a job queue is indeed a common pattern nowadays. There even are whole packages\/frameworks devoted to such workflows, like for example Celery. \nWhat is less common is trying to write the whole task queues system from scratch in a seemingly ad-hoc way instead of using a dedicated task queues system like Celery, ZeroMQ or something similar.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,redis,queue,worker","A_Id":46808475,"CreationDate":"2017-10-18T10:44:00.000","Title":"Is it common to run 20 python workers which uses Redis as Queue ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing a small chat app with python using bash commands. I'm using nc to accomplish this but I want to be able to append a username before the user's message. How do I go about doing this without breaking the connection?\nThe command I'm using to connect is just \nnc -l -p 1234 -q 0\nand the desired outcome is that when the person sends something it would look like: <User1> Hello\nThank you!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":232,"Q_Id":46814272,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"its hard to understand the context and the applications structure, but i would assume that putting the connection in a separate thread would help. So that the connection is always open and the messages can be processed in preferred fashion.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bash,sockets,networking,scripting","A_Id":46846940,"CreationDate":"2017-10-18T15:48:00.000","Title":"How to print text while netcat is listening at a port?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im trying to make a tcp communication, where the server sends a message every x seconds through a socket, and should stop sending those messages on a certain condition where the client isnt sending any message for 5 seconds.\nTo be more detailed, the client also sends constant messages which are all ignored by the server on the same socket as above, and can stop sending them at any unknown time. The messages are, for simplicity, used as alive messages to inform the server that the communication is still relevant.\nThe problem is that if i want to send repeated messages from the server, i cannot allow it to \"get busy\" and start receiving messages instead, thus i cannot detect when a new messages arrives from the other side and act accordingly.\nThe problem is independent of the programming language, but to be more specific im using python, and cannot access the code of the client.\nIs there any option of receiving and sending messages on a single socket simultaneously?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":53,"Q_Id":46833561,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Option 1\nUse two threads, one will write to the socket and the second will read from it.\nThis works since sockets are full-duplex (allow bi-directional simultaneous access).\nOption 2\nUse a single thread that manages all keep alives using select.epoll. This way one thread can handle multiple clients. Remember though, that if this isn't the only thread that uses the sockets, you might need to handle thread safety on your own","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,tcp,send","A_Id":46833696,"CreationDate":"2017-10-19T15:30:00.000","Title":"Detecting when a tcp client is not active for more than 5 seconds","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im trying to build a python application that will be run on a specific port so that when i try to connect on that port the python application will be run.\nIm guessing i have to do that with socket library but im not very sure about that.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46,"Q_Id":46840384,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"On Linux you can do this with xinetd. You edit \/etc\/services to give a name to your port, then add a line to \/etc\/xinetd.conf to run your server when someone connects to that service. The TCP connection will be provide to the Python script as its standard input and output.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":46840632,"CreationDate":"2017-10-19T23:40:00.000","Title":"Python server with library socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"one more problem i hv,i asked similar question earlier and i tried that method but not able use that methon in this problem so pls help me. it's element\nhtml code is - Filters\u00a0\nSo basically, question is that there is one button its kind of toggle button and i want click on that button to select device like Desktop, Tablet & Mobile all check boxes are already (default) selected now i have to uncheck or deselect device, to do this, first i have to click on that toggle button , when i click on toggle button its id (gwt-uid-598) 598 is getting changed every time or every refresh. Can you pls help me, what should or which method should i follow in this case.\ni am using below python code.\nClick on device Filters\nelem = driver.find_element_by_xpath('\/\/*[@id=\"gwt-uid-598\"]\/div\/div\/span')\nelem.click()\nThanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":400,"Q_Id":46844771,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Good question. \nTry to use another selector, for example: css class or use xpath method contains(). \nExample: \/\/div[contains(text(), \"checkbox\")]\nI can help you if you can provide source code of the page or needed element.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,css,selenium,selenium-webdriver,ui-automation","A_Id":46849694,"CreationDate":"2017-10-20T08:03:00.000","Title":"id of xpath is getting changed every time in selenium python 2.7 chrome","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Now that I have created a website, I wish the users can connect to my website within a local network. However my website now can only be accessible from the localhost (my pc), the others are not able to connect to my website when typing my ip address for example xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8000 on their browser. I launch the service on my localhost using # python manage.py runserver. May I know if there is a way\/command to allow the others to connect to my website?\nNote: I have tried # python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 as well, which allow all incoming, but it didn't work.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":3829,"Q_Id":46909905,"Users Score":8,"Answer":"In settings.py write \nALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] and run python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000\nNote: you can use any port instead of 8000","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,django,server,web","A_Id":46910029,"CreationDate":"2017-10-24T11:54:00.000","Title":"How to allow others to connect to my Django website?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've already built a python script that scrapes some data from a website that require a login-in. My question is: How can i transform this script into an api? For example i send to the api username, password and data required, then it returns the data needed.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":342,"Q_Id":46917721,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A web API is nothing but an HTTP layer over your custom logic so that requests can be served the HTTP way (GET PUT POST DELETE).\nNow, the question is, how?\nThe easiest way is to use already available packages called \"web frameworks\" which python has in abundance.\nThe easiest one to probably implement would mostly be Flask.\nFor a more robust application, you can use django as well.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,web-scraping","A_Id":46917799,"CreationDate":"2017-10-24T18:36:00.000","Title":"Web Scraping Api with Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Okay i can send audio with some url in inline mode. But how can i send the local audio from the directory? Telegram Bot API return me this:\n\nA request to the Telegram API was unsuccessful. The server returned\n  HTTP 400 Bad Request. Response body:\n  [b'{\"ok\":false,\"error_code\":400,\"description\":\"Bad Request:\n  CONTENT_URL_INVALID\"}']","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":505,"Q_Id":46940780,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"InlineQueryResultAudio only accepts links while InlineQueryResultCachedAudio only accepts file_id. What you can do is post the files to your own server or upload it elsewhere to use the former one, or use SendAudio to get the file_id of it and use the latter one.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":46947479,"CreationDate":"2017-10-25T19:37:00.000","Title":"Telegram Bot API InlineQueryResultAudio","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to create a (very minimalist) web server with Python using the socket module. \nI have a problem with, I think, web browser caching.\nExplanation:\nWhen I load a page, the first time work. It will work 2-3 other time at the beginning, then it will load just one time every two requests made by my browser (I use Firefox). I press F5, it works, I re-press F5, it loads nothing infinitely, I re-press F5 and it works.\nI looked at my python console, and it seems that Firefox doesn't send any request when the loading of the page fails. \nWhen I press Ctrl + F5, it ALWAYS work, Firefox send a request each time and my webserver send it the page. \nI tried adding HTTP headers to prevent caching (Cache-Control, Pragma, Expires), but it still works one in two. I tested with Internet Explorer, and it works better, but it sometime fails (on 4-5 requests, it will fail only one time).\nSo, my question is:\nWhy Firefox and IE sometimes doesn't send request and still seems to wait for something? What is the web server supposed to do?\nThanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":70,"Q_Id":46949681,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is not about caching. You don\u2019t close the sockets after sending a response nor do you tell the browser that you don\u2019t support multiple requests. So the browser will assume it can request again with the same connection.\nClose the connection and if you claim to support HTTP 1.1 add an appropriate Connection header.\nAlso don\u2019t bind\/close the server socket after each request. There\u2019s no need and it will just make things not work. Bind on startup, close on shutdown. \nThe code might also fail on data that is non-ASCII since you tell the length of the string and not the actual data you send. These may be different.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http","A_Id":46949933,"CreationDate":"2017-10-26T08:47:00.000","Title":"Python\/HTTP - How does web browsers cache work?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to iterate \/\/span[@class=\"postNum and contains(text(),1)] This xpath over the range of 1 to 10 and store it in a variable. I want it to be done in HTML format and not XML.\npseudo code:\nfor e in range(1,11):\n     xpathvar[e]='\/\/span[@class=\"postNum and contains(text(),e)]'\nhow to implement this so that xpathvar[1] will contain the first xpath with e=1. I cannot do this because the element in RHS is a string.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":204,"Q_Id":47011332,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I solved it myself. What I wanted to do was with using slice, I wanted to traverse to all xpath using iteration where the iterative will be in digits coming from for loop.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,xpath,lxml","A_Id":47045098,"CreationDate":"2017-10-30T09:01:00.000","Title":"How to iterate over a XPath in HTML format using lxml and python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Fetch failed: Unable to find remote helper for 'https'\nWhen I tried to fetch on PyCharm from my GitHub repository, the above is the message I ended up getting. I was wondering how I could fix this.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":161,"Q_Id":47023092,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This may seems like an overkill way of handling the problem but I have fixed it myself by re-installing git on my machine. It seems to actually be the fix for this. Another thing you could do is try git-bash (Git for Windows app) in the future.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,windows,github,pycharm","A_Id":47023220,"CreationDate":"2017-10-30T19:46:00.000","Title":"Can't seem to fetch from GitHub repository in PyCharm","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am creating python script to configure router settings remotely but recently  stumbled on problem how to logout or close session after job is done?\nFrom searching I found that Basic-Authentication doesn\u00b4t have option to logout. How to solve it in python script?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":395,"Q_Id":47044392,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"with python requests you can open your session, do your job, then logout with:\nr = requests.get('logouturl', params={...})\nthe logout action is just an http Get method.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-requests,basic-authentication","A_Id":47045020,"CreationDate":"2017-10-31T20:54:00.000","Title":"Basic-Auth session using python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am creating python script to configure router settings remotely but recently  stumbled on problem how to logout or close session after job is done?\nFrom searching I found that Basic-Authentication doesn\u00b4t have option to logout. How to solve it in python script?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":395,"Q_Id":47044392,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Basic auth doesn't have a concept of a logout but your router's page should have some implementation. If not, perhaps it has a timeout and you just leave it. \nSince you're using the requests module it may be difficult to do an actual logout if there is no endpoint or parameter for it. I think the best one can do at that point is log in again but with invalid credentials. Studying the structure of the router's pages and the parameters that appear in the urls could give you more options. \nIf you want to go a different route and use something like a headless web browser you could actually click a logout button if it exists. Something like Selenium can do this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-requests,basic-authentication","A_Id":47044849,"CreationDate":"2017-10-31T20:54:00.000","Title":"Basic-Auth session using python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Every AWS Account has an email associated to it. \nHow can I change that email address for that account using boto3?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":494,"Q_Id":47063752,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"It is not possible to change an account's email address (Root) programmatically. You must log in to the console using Root credentials and update the email address.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,email,boto3,amazon-iam","A_Id":47064014,"CreationDate":"2017-11-01T21:13:00.000","Title":"How can I change the AWS Account Email with boto3?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Every AWS Account has an email associated to it. \nHow can I change that email address for that account using boto3?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":494,"Q_Id":47063752,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No as of Oct 2019 you can't update account information(including email) using boto or any other AWS provided SDKs.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,email,boto3,amazon-iam","A_Id":58530022,"CreationDate":"2017-11-01T21:13:00.000","Title":"How can I change the AWS Account Email with boto3?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to write the telegram bot, and i need help here  \nbot.deleteMessage(chat_id=chatId, message_id=mId)\nThis code returns the following error: 400 Bad Request: message can't be deleted \nBot has all rights needed for deleting messages.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2259,"Q_Id":47064078,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A bot can delete messages:\n1. in groups:\nOnly his own messages if he is not admin, otherwise also messages from other users.\n2. in private:\nonly his own messages\n\nin both the cases only if the message is not older than 48h.\nProbably, since you said in comments messages aren't older than 48h, you can doing it wrong because of the first 2 points","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":47100798,"CreationDate":"2017-11-01T21:36:00.000","Title":"Telegram Bot deleteMessage function returns 400 Bad Request Error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"when scraping from website using bs4 it showing response object as access denied and Forbidden how  to solve this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":194,"Q_Id":47088034,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Make sure that you have added the required headers such as 'User-Agent' before firing the get Request. In most cases, if 'User-Agent' is not provided, you'll end up with 403 response.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,beautifulsoup","A_Id":47088273,"CreationDate":"2017-11-03T03:26:00.000","Title":"403 Forbidden or access denied for some website why?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a django view that takes in a json object and from that object I am able to get a uri. The uri contains an xml object. What I want to do is get the data from the xml object but I am not sure how to do this. I'm using django rest, which I am fairly inexperienced in using, but I do not know the uri until I search the json object in the view. I have tried parsing it in the template but ran into CORS issues amongst others. Any ideas on how this could be done in the view? My main issue is not so much parsing the xml but how to get around the CORS issue which I have no experience in dealing with","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":68,"Q_Id":47102090,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You don't really do this in view part of Django. \nWhat you should do is take the json, find the uri, get the content of uri through urllib, requests etc, get the relevant content from the response, add a new field to the json and then pass it to your view.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,xml,django-rest-framework","A_Id":47103539,"CreationDate":"2017-11-03T18:10:00.000","Title":"Getting data from a uri django","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"when I did sudo pip3 install google-api-python-client it successefully installs but when I try to do import google.oauth2 it doesn't find it. It just says ImportError: No module named 'google'","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":37,"Q_Id":47112803,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"pip3 was using the wrong python, so I had to specify exacly which python version I had to use, in my case; python3.5","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,google-oauth,youtube-data-api","A_Id":47530288,"CreationDate":"2017-11-04T16:20:00.000","Title":"google youtube api installation problems","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Everytime I make an external request (including to google.com) I get this response:\nHTTPConnectionPool(host='EXTERNALHOSTSITE', port=8080): Max retries exceeded with url: EXTERNALHOSTPARAMS (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x105d8d6d0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known',))","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":138,"Q_Id":47116246,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It does seem that your server cannot resolve the hostname into IP, this is probably not Django nor Python problem but your server network setup issue.\nTry to reach the same URL with ping tool \/ wget\/curl or troubleshoot DNS with nslookup.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,python-2.7,python-requests","A_Id":47116517,"CreationDate":"2017-11-04T22:28:00.000","Title":"Django can't make external connections with requests or urllib2 on development server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've been looking around for a solution to this and I'm completely stuck.\nThe icecast\/shoutcast libs all seem to be Python 2.7 which is an issue as I'm using 3.6\nAny ideas for where to start with broadcasting and authenticating would be very useful. I'm looking to stream mp3 files.\nTIA.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2107,"Q_Id":47121053,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Use liquidsoap to generate your audio stream(s) and output them to shoutcast and\/or icecast2 servers. I currently have liquidsoap, shoutcast, icecast2 and apache2 all running on the same Ubuntu 18.04 server. liquidsoap generates the audio stream and outputs it to both shoutcast and icecast2. Listeners can use their browser to access either the shoutcast stream at port 8000 or the icecast2 stream at port 8010. It works very well 24 x 7.\nYou can have multiple streams and liquidsoap has many features including playlists and time-based (clock) actions. See the liquidsoap documentation for examples to create audio streams from your mp3 or other format audio files. Best of all liquidsoap is free.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,streaming,audio-streaming,shoutcast","A_Id":61761330,"CreationDate":"2017-11-05T11:31:00.000","Title":"Python broadcast to shoutcast (DNAS) or icecast","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to use Scrapy to generate a sitemap of a website including the URL of each page and its level\/depth (the number of links I need to follow from the home page to get there)? The format of the sitemap doesn't have to be XML, it's just about the information. Furthermore I'd like to save the complete HTML source of the crawled pages for further analysis instead of scraping only certain elements from it.\nCould somebody experienced in using Scrapy tell me whether this is a possible\/reasonable scenario for Scrapy and give me some hints on how to find instructions? So far I could only find far more complex scenarios but no approach for this seemingly simple problem.\nAddon for experienced webcrawlers: Given it is possible, do you think Scrapy is even the right tool for this? Or would it be easier to write my own crawler with a library like requests etc.?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1378,"Q_Id":47160587,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Yes, it's possible to do what you're trying with Scrapy's LinkExtractor library. This will help you document the URLs for all of the pages on your site. \nOnce this is done, you can iterate through the URLs and the source (HTML) for each page using the urllib Python library. \nThen you can use RegEx to find whatever patterns you're looking for within the HTML for each page in order to perform your analysis.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,scrapy,scrapy-spider","A_Id":61992037,"CreationDate":"2017-11-07T14:39:00.000","Title":"Sitemap creation with Scrapy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"We are running a Python Selenium script in Windows Chrome, and are now faced with an issue which we cannot resolve.\nThe script (medium sized) runs to completion only say 1 in 3 times.\nOther times, it freezes in the middle, maybe after 10 steps, or 15 steps- after that there is no response whatsoever.\nThe only clue we got was that there is an error printed out (usually after 10 minutes of waiting) access denied.\nAfter this hanging the only option is to \n\nKill the browser or \nKill the process\n\nWe tried --disable-extensions, and having an user-dir etc, but to no avail. \nThere is an anti-virus (Symantec) running in the machine, which cannot be disabled (enterprise level security settings).\nHas anyone faced this issue?\nIs there any solution? Please let me know.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":95,"Q_Id":47194189,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Found that the issue was due to AV. Stopped the anti virus for some time and it is running properly now.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,google-chrome,selenium,freeze","A_Id":47257116,"CreationDate":"2017-11-09T04:58:00.000","Title":"Chrome gets hung randomly - Python Selenium Windows","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can I keep my spot instance in use by modifying my max bid price pro-grammatically(Python boto) as soon as the bid price increases, so as to stop it from terminating itself and manually terminate it once am done with my work. I know I can use the latest spot block to use the spot instance upto 6 hours, but it reduces the profit margin. So I wanted to know if I can modify my bid pricing on the go based on the current demand. \nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2432,"Q_Id":47199421,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"No way ! You cannot change your max price once the instance is running. in order to change the price of your bid, you must cancel it and place another bid.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,boto3","A_Id":47202059,"CreationDate":"2017-11-09T10:27:00.000","Title":"Changing max bid price of AWS Spot instance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Can I keep my spot instance in use by modifying my max bid price pro-grammatically(Python boto) as soon as the bid price increases, so as to stop it from terminating itself and manually terminate it once am done with my work. I know I can use the latest spot block to use the spot instance upto 6 hours, but it reduces the profit margin. So I wanted to know if I can modify my bid pricing on the go based on the current demand. \nThanks.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2432,"Q_Id":47199421,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"No. It is not possible to change the bid price on an existing spot request. You will need to create a new spot request with the new bid price. However, any EC2 instances allocated with the first request will always be tied to that first request.\nIf your work cannot handle an EC2 instance terminating prematurely, then spot instances are not right for your work and you should use OnDemand or Reserved instances.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,boto3","A_Id":47204123,"CreationDate":"2017-11-09T10:27:00.000","Title":"Changing max bid price of AWS Spot instance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Currently I'm in the process of tagging every S3 bucket I have using boto3. Compared to a resource like Lambdas, doing s3.put_bucket_tagging overwrites any previous tags, compared to Lambdas which only add extra tags while keeping old ones. Is there a way to only add tags, rather than overwrite them?\nSecondly, I have created a method to take the current tags, add the new tags on, and then overwrite the tags with those values, so I don't lose any tags. But some of these S3 buckets are created by CloudFormation and thus are prefixed with aws: which gives me the error Your TagKey cannot be prefixed with aws: when I try to take the old tags and re-put them with the new tags. \nA fix for either of these to give me the ability to automate tagging of every s3 bucket would be the best solution.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1424,"Q_Id":47206395,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You are out of luck. If the S3 bucket was created by a CFT, then\n\nYou cannot add new tags or \nAdd new tags and lose the tags created by CFT (then your delete stack will fail unless you exclude that S3 resource from deletion)\n\nYou can try updating the stack with new tags as suggested by @jarmod","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto3","A_Id":47210265,"CreationDate":"2017-11-09T16:03:00.000","Title":"Using boto3 to add extra tags to S3 buckets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wrote a Python script for mass commenting on a certain website.It works perfectly on my computer but when my friend tried running it on his then a Captcha would appear on the login page where as on running it on my machine no captcha appears.I tried resetting the caches,cookies but still no captcha. Tried resetting the browser settings but still no luck and on the other system the captcha always appears.If you could list down the reasons of why this happening that would be great.Thanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":40,"Q_Id":47215370,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"His IP is probably flagged. Also recaptcha will automatically throw a captcha if an outdated or odd user agent is detected.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,python-3.x,recaptcha,captcha","A_Id":47215397,"CreationDate":"2017-11-10T03:47:00.000","Title":"Captcha not Appearing or Malfunctioning on one system and working on the other","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Python Client throw \"call dropped by load balancing policy grpc\", if remote server restart. And connection never recovered afterwards.\nThe problem is hard to constant reproduce. But we confirmed that if a remote server restart, python client have chance starting send error message like this.\nOther grpc client like java are working fine. I searched online, and it seems related to load balancing policy. And suggest to change from 'roundrobin' to 'pick first'. But I can not find where to add this args in python client.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":267,"Q_Id":47217743,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"revert fly tiger resolve this issue","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,grpc","A_Id":48276627,"CreationDate":"2017-11-10T07:31:00.000","Title":"python client throw error \"call dropped by load balancing policy grpc\" when remote server restart","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a following question. Is there any possibility to enlarge the speed of sending the single api request. I want to send request and obtain json as a result. When i use requests.get(url) the time is about 150ms.\nI would like to make this time lower. My aim is to speed up single request. Is there any possibility to do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":47270175,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"GLOBAL ANSWER ( Read These methods, beside...you can try a lot of modules that can send\/receive your current data to your target server ):\n\nCheck your internet connection speed, pause\/stop\/disable all of your downloading process.\nDisable your firewall\/antivirus\/os_default_defender or any kind of security programs who scan your internet protocols and suspend your net IOs for a while.\nCheck your vpn\/proxy or any kind of tunneler programs! ( because they can check and suspend your connections and make your internet connection slower ).\nCheck your default DNS ips, choose The fastest DNS server in the world like google = 8.8.8.8 or others ... \nClean your virtual ram buffer and check your os disk IO speed ( close your heavy programs such as converter programs ... )\nChange your programming language !!! python is good but it is not fastest language for send\/receive data from www. even you can try low level programming ( for your requests pyhton use your os internal services!!this bridge can make your connection slower, you will not have this bridge if you use your os friendly langs ( like .NET langs on windows ).\nYou can compress your data to make your request faster.\n\nAt last it depends on your target server response and your os!! linux has different net IOs handler from windows!!\nGood Luck ...","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,networking,request","A_Id":47270840,"CreationDate":"2017-11-13T17:30:00.000","Title":"Python, api requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wanted to run a discord bot from my raspberry pi so I could have it always running, so I transferred over the bot file.  BTW this bot was made in python.  I get an error saying no module named discord.  This is because I don't have discord installed.  Whenever I try to use pip3 install discord I get a message saying that it was successful, but was installed under Python 3.4.  I need it to be installed under Python 3.5 so that my bot's code will run properly.  If I try to use python3 -m pip install discord I get the error \/usr\/local\/bin\/python3: No module named pip.  When I run pip -V I get 3.4. I want to make the version 3.5 instead of 3.4, but even after running the get-pip.py file I still am on pip 3.4.  Any help?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1062,"Q_Id":47278382,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I had a similar problem on a different machine. what I did to have the python 3.6 interpreter as the default one for the python 3 command was this:\nFirst, edit your .bashrc file to include the following line export PATH=\/path\/to\/python\/bin:$PATH(in this case, I will be using \/home\/pi\/python). Then, download the python 3.6 usingwget https:\/\/www.python.org\/ftp\/python\/3.6.3\/Python-3.6.3.tgz. Unarchive it using tar -zxvf Python-3.6.3.tgz, and cding into the directory. Then, configure it by doing .\/configure --prefix=$HOME\/python(Or to the path you had used in .bashrc), and make it using make, and sudo make install. Afterwards, reboot the raspberry pi, and you should now be able to use python 3.6 with the python3 command","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pip,discord.py","A_Id":47361577,"CreationDate":"2017-11-14T05:36:00.000","Title":"Pip Not Working On Raspberry Pi For Discord Bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What I have\n\nPrinter internal IP\nZPL code on printer\nparameters to plug into ZPL code\n\nIs there a way to define a label and send it to the printer via Python? I would need to specify which label type to use on the printer since it can have multiple .zpl label codes stored on it.\nare there dedicated libraries? Otehrwise what are some basic socket functions to get me started","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2231,"Q_Id":47313447,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"OK I am not a python expert here but the general process is:\n\nOpen a TCP connection to port 9100\nWrite ZPL to your connection\nClose your connection\n\nYou will want to look at the ^DF and ^XF commands in the ZPL programming guide to make sure you are using the templates right, but it is a pretty simple process.\nIf you are concerned about whether or not the printer is ready to print you could look at the ~hs command to get the current status.\nIn the end there is a C# and Java SDK available for the printer which has helper functions to push variables store in Maps to a template, but the JNI calls are probably more involved than just opening a TCP connection...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,zebra-printers,zpl","A_Id":47314727,"CreationDate":"2017-11-15T17:12:00.000","Title":"Python send label to Zebra IP printer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I wish to monitor the CSS of a few websites (these websites aren't my own) for changes and receive a notification of some sort when they do. If you could please share any experience you've had with this to point me in the right direction for how to code it I'd appreciate it greatly. \nI'd like this script\/app to notify a Slack group on change, which I assume will require a webhook. \nNot asking for code, just any advice about particular APIs and other tools that may be of benefit.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":47319351,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"One possible solution:\nCrawl website for .css files, save change dates and\/or filesize. \nAfter each crawl compare information and if changes detected use slack API to notify. I haven't worked with slack that, for this part of the solution maybe someone else can give advice.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,css,web,automation,bots","A_Id":47319389,"CreationDate":"2017-11-15T23:58:00.000","Title":"How to monitor changes to a particular website CSS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I wish to monitor the CSS of a few websites (these websites aren't my own) for changes and receive a notification of some sort when they do. If you could please share any experience you've had with this to point me in the right direction for how to code it I'd appreciate it greatly. \nI'd like this script\/app to notify a Slack group on change, which I assume will require a webhook. \nNot asking for code, just any advice about particular APIs and other tools that may be of benefit.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":197,"Q_Id":47319351,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would suggest using Github in your workflow. That gives you a good idea of changes and ways to revert back to older versions.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,css,web,automation,bots","A_Id":47319375,"CreationDate":"2017-11-15T23:58:00.000","Title":"How to monitor changes to a particular website CSS?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"When I delete through the Console all files from a \"folder\" in a bucket, that folder is gone too since there is no such thing as directories - the whole path after the bucket is the key.\nHowever when I move (copy & delete method) programmatically these files through REST API, the folder remains, empty. I must therefore write additional logic to check for these and remove explicitly.\nIsn't that a bug in the REST API handling ? I had expected the same behavior regardless of the method used.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1252,"Q_Id":47321613,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Turns out that you can safely remove all object ending with \/ if you don't need them once empty. \"Content\" will not be deleted.\nIf you are using Google Console, you must create a folder before uploading to it. That folder is therefore an explicit object that will remain even if empty. Same behavior apparently when uploading with tools like Cyberduck.\nBut if you upload the file using REST API and its full path i.e. bucket\/folder\/file, the folder is implicit visually but it's not getting created as such. So when removing the file, there is no folder left behind since it wasn't there in the first place.\nSince the expected behavior for my use case is to auto-remove empty folders, I just have a pre-processing routine that deletes all blobs ending with \/","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,rest,google-cloud-storage","A_Id":47358658,"CreationDate":"2017-11-16T04:27:00.000","Title":"Empty 'folder' not removed in GCS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Using Python 2.7.12, Selenium 3.4.3, Chrome Version 62.0.3202.94 (Official Build) (32-bit).\nWhile trying to ensure presence of element as follows but no exception is raised when x is not present:\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait as WDW\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC\ntry:\n    WDW(driver, 20).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, x))) \nexcept Exception e:\n    print(e)\n\n2nd option:\n\ntry:\n    we = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, x)\nexcept Exception e:\n    print(e)\n\nIs there a issue with the syntax or a logical issue?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":30,"Q_Id":47331033,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Implicit_wait was set to 10 mins, which caused this behaviour. Reducing the value gave expected results.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":47506732,"CreationDate":"2017-11-16T13:33:00.000","Title":"Python Selenium 3.4.3 do not raise timeouts, and goes to hung state","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to release the code for an application I made in Python to the public, just as a pastebin link. However, the app needs a client ID, secret and user agent to access the API (for reddit in this case).\nHow can I store the key strings in the python code without giving everyone free reign on my api access? Maybe a hashing function or similar?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":51,"Q_Id":47337762,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"You probably don't want to provide the actual keys and other private information at all, hashed or otherwise. Besides being a security issue, it probably violates all sorts of agreements you implicitly made with the provider.\nAnyone using the application should be able to get their own key in the same manner you did. You can (and should) provide instructions for how to do this.\nYour application should expect the key information in a well documented format, usually a configuration file, that the user must provide once they have obtained the keys in question. You should document the exact format you expect to read the key in as well.\nYour documentation could also include a dummy file with empty or obvious placeholder values for the user to fill in. It may be overkill, but I would recommend making sure that any placeholders you use are guaranteed not to be valid keys. This will go a long way to avoiding any accidents with the agreements you could violate otherwise.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,hash","A_Id":47337902,"CreationDate":"2017-11-16T19:37:00.000","Title":"How to release a Python application that uses API keys to the public?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm creating a Reddit bot with praw, and I want to have the bot do things based on private messages sent to it. I searched the documentation for a bit, but couldn't find anything on reading private messages, only sending them. I want to get both the title and the content of the message. So how can I do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":527,"Q_Id":47340391,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Didn't find it in the docs, but a friend who knows a bit of raw helped me out.\nUse for message in r.inbox.messages() (where r is an instance of reddit) to get the messages.\nUse message.text to get the content, and message.subject to get the title.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,praw","A_Id":47340599,"CreationDate":"2017-11-16T22:45:00.000","Title":"How to read private messages with PRAW?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I understand from previous questions that access to Google Translate API may have recently changed.\nMy goal is to translate individual tweets in a dataframe from X Language to English.\nI tried to setup the Google Cloud Translate API with no success\nI have setup gcloud sdk, enabled the billing and looks like the certification is ok. But, still no success.\nHas anyone else had any recent experience with it using R and\/or Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":200,"Q_Id":47378315,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Just as an update, for anyone seeking to translate dataframes\/variables\ntranslateR doesnt seem to accept the Google API key \nHowever, everything works very smoothly using the \"googleLangaugeR\" package","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"r,python-3.x,google-translate","A_Id":47410428,"CreationDate":"2017-11-19T15:03:00.000","Title":"Google Cloud Translate API : challenge setup (R and\/or Python)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Python Telethon\nI need to receive messages from the channel\nError:\n\n>>> client.get_message_history(-1001143136828)\n\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"messages.py\", line 23, in \n    total, messages, senders = client.get_message_history(-1001143136828)\nFile \"\/Users\/kosyachniy\/anaconda\/lib\/python3.5\/site-packages\/telethon\/telegram_client.py\", line 548, in get_message_history\n    add_mark=True\nKeyError: 1143136828","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2377,"Q_Id":47380618,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Error in library\nNeed to update: pip install telethon --upgrade","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,api,telegram,telethon","A_Id":47380957,"CreationDate":"2017-11-19T18:43:00.000","Title":"Telethon How do I get channel messages?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to get a policy from boto3 client but there is no method to do so using policy name. By wrapping the create_policy method in a try-except block i can check whether a policy exists or not. Is there any way to get a policy-arn by name using boto3 except for listing all policies and iterating over it.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2854,"Q_Id":47433414,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You will need to iterate over the policies to get policy names. I am not aware of a get-policy type api that uses policy names only policy ARNs.\nIs there a reason that you do not want to get a list of policies? Other than to not download the list.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,boto3","A_Id":47442387,"CreationDate":"2017-11-22T11:20:00.000","Title":"boto3 iam client: get policy by name","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does anybody have the solution yet? The script was working perfectly fine until yesterday, but suddenly it stopped working. Don't know why.. :( \nI tried searching the answer all over Google, but didn't find yet.\nTried adding options.add_argument('--log-level=3') as well, but no luck.\nCan someone help me out with this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1868,"Q_Id":47439668,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"What is going on here?  I've had this issue before and my solution was to uninstall and reinstall chrome and it worked fine.  But now, even uninstalling and reinstalling doesn't work and this 'Devtools listening...' line is popping up right away and my script doesn't work!\nEveryone seems to have the same experience with this message.  It's working fine for the longest time and then all of a sudden this message pops up and the script stops working?  Chrome has to be caching something somewhere.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,google-chrome-devtools,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":47486605,"CreationDate":"2017-11-22T16:31:00.000","Title":"Python selenium: DevTools listening on ws:\/\/127.0.0.1 keeps on popping up","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"For now, I'm trying to use flask-oauthlib with flask-login together.\nflask-oauthlib provides a simple way to use oauth, but I want a login manager to automatically redirect all users who are not logged in to \/login. In flask-login, I can use login_required to accomplish this. But how could I achieve this by flask-oauthlib?\nFurther, how to manage session when using flask-oauthlib? I understand how SSO works, but I'm confusing how could I know if this token is expired or not?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":504,"Q_Id":47449444,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So, I've spent some time thinking about this (as I want to do it for my own website), and I've come up with a theoretical solution.\nFrom what I understand in my implementation of Google's OAuth API, OAuth is about sending the user on a link to the server that hosts the OAuth keys, and then returning back to the sender. So, my idea is that in the login form, you have buttons that act as links to the OAuth client.\nI haven't tested this, but since no one else has replied to this I figure this will give you a nice little project to implement yourself and let us know if it works.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,flask,single-sign-on,flask-login,flask-oauthlib","A_Id":47532413,"CreationDate":"2017-11-23T07:04:00.000","Title":"How to use flask-oauthlib with flask-login together?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I easily copy a local file to a remote server using python?\nI don't want to map the drive to my local machine and the windows server requires a username and password.\nThe local machine is also a windows machine.\nExamples I've seen are with linux and mapping the drive. Unfortunately that's not an option for me.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":749,"Q_Id":47458024,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use the subprocess module or os.system to launch a command into a windows shell. Then you can use Powershell or cmd instructions.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,windows,server","A_Id":47458154,"CreationDate":"2017-11-23T14:41:00.000","Title":"Transfer file from local machine to remote windows server using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've built a server listening on a specific port on my server using Python (asyncore and sockets) and I was curious to know if there was anything possible to do when there is too many people connecting at once on my server.\nThe code in itself cannot be changed, but will adding more process works? or is it from an hardware perspective and I should focus on adding a load balancer in front and balancing the requests on multiple servers?\nThis questions is borderline StackOverflow (code\/python) and ServerFault (server management). I decided to go with SO because of the code, but if you think ServerFault is better, let me know.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":78,"Q_Id":47473750,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"1.\nasyncore relies on operating system for whole connection handling, therefore what you are asking is OS dependent. It has very little to do with Python. Using twisted instead of asyncore wouldn't solve your problem.\nOn Windows, for example, you can listen only for 5 connections coming in simultaneously.\nSo, first requirement is, run it on *nix platform.\nThe rest depends on how long your handlers are taking and on your bandwith.\n2.\nWhat you can do is combine asyncore and threading to speed-up waiting for next connection.\nI.e. you can make Handlers that are running in separate threads. It will be a little messy but it is one of possible solutions.\nWhen server accepts a connection, instead of creating new traditional handler (which would slow down checking for following connection - because asyncore waits until that handler does at least a little bit of its job), you create a handler that deals with read and write as non-blocking.\nI.e. it starts a thread and does the job, then, when it has data ready, only then sends it upon following loop()'s check.\nThis way, you allow asyncore.loop() to check the server's socket more often.\n3.\nOr you can use two different socket_maps with two different asyncore.loop()s.\nYou use one map (dictionary), let say the default one - asyncore.socket_map to check the server, and use one asyncore.loop(), let say in main thread, only for server().\nAnd you start the second asyncore.loop() in a thread using your custom dictionary for client handlers.\nSo, One loop is checking only server that accepts connections, and when it arrives, it creates a handler which goes in separate map for handlers, which is checked by another asyncore.loop() running in a thread.\nThis way, you do not mix the server connection checks and client handling. So, server is checked immediately after it accepts one connection. The other loop balances between clients.\nIf you are determined to go even faster, you can exploit the multiprocessor computers by having more maps for handlers.\nFor example, one per CPU and as many threads with asyncore.loop()s.\nNote, sockets are IO operations using system calls and select() is one too, therefore GIL is released while asyncore.loop() is waiting for results. This means, that you will have total advantage of multithreading and each CPU will deal with its number of clients in literally parallel way.\nWhat you would have to do is make the server distributing the load and starting threading loops upon connection arrivals.\nDon't forget that asyncore.loop() ends when the map empties. So the loop() in a thread that manages clients must be started when new connection is accepted and restarted if at some time there are no more connections present.\n4.\nIf you want to be able to run your server on multiple computers and use them as a cluster, then you install the process balancer in front.\nI do not see the serious need for it if you wrote the asyncore server correctly and want to run it on single computer only.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,asyncore","A_Id":47474778,"CreationDate":"2017-11-24T12:53:00.000","Title":"How to handle a burst of connection to a port?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have JS running and essentially getting user entries from my HTML session storage and pushing these to a DB. I also need to use a HTTP request to pass a json object containing the entries to a python file hosted somewhere else. \nDoes anyone have any idea of documentation I could look at, or perhaps how to get JSON objects from JS to Python. \nMy client does not want me to grab the variables directly from the DB.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":37,"Q_Id":47535356,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You have to create some sort of communication channel between the javascript and python code. This could be anything, SOAP, HTTP, RPC, any number of and flavor of message queue.\nIf nothing like that is in place, it's quite the long way around.  A complex application might warrant you doing this, think micro services communicating across some sort of service bus.   It's a sound strategy and perhaps that's why your client is asking for it.\nYou already have Firebase, though! Firebase is a real-time database that already has many of the characteristics of a queue. The simplest and most idiomatic thing to do would be to let the python code be notified of changes by Firebase: Firebase as service bus is a nice strategy too!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html,json,node.js,firebase-realtime-database","A_Id":47537413,"CreationDate":"2017-11-28T15:36:00.000","Title":"How do you pass variables using a HTTP post from a JS file\/function to a separate python file\/function hosted somewhere else?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Can you help me with a script for autoclicking and download a photo from a photo site (ex. Flickr, Photobucket)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":38,"Q_Id":47539225,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"selenium, find elementByName, then use pynput lib to right click and download.\nused similar for fetching market data works prety well, refer to official selenium docs for spesifics .","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":69762672,"CreationDate":"2017-11-28T19:14:00.000","Title":"Python script for autoclicking and downloading","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have an HTML web page with many download links in a table. I have isolated the path to my desired zips. They all contain an .xlsx file but sometimes other files. \n\nIs there a way to avoid downloading the zips and directly accessing the files inside?\nIf I do need to download them, how can I track where the zips have been downloaded to? (So I can extract the .xlsx)\n\nI am currently looking into zipfile and requests for solutions. zipfile.extract needs the path of the zip file, but I don't know exactly where the script will download to. requests gives a response object, but how do I prompt it to download?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":35,"Q_Id":47572918,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Is there a way to avoid downloading the zips and directly accessing the files inside?\n\nGenerally speaking : no. A web server serves files in a file system, not in a zip archive.\n\nIf I do need to download them, how can I track where the zips have been downloaded to? (So I can extract the .xlsx)\n\nIf not specified, the location is the current directory, the one the script has been launched in.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,python-requests,zip","A_Id":47573727,"CreationDate":"2017-11-30T11:54:00.000","Title":"unzipping an html link with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a more open-ended design oriented question for you here. I have background in Python but not in web nor async programming. I am writing an app to save data collect from websockets 24\/24, 7\/7 with the aim to minmise data loss. \nMy initial thoughts is to use Python 3.6 with asyncio, aiohttp and aiofiles.\nI don't know whether to use one co-routine per websocket connection or one thread per websocket connection. Performance may not an issue as much as good connection error handling.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":574,"Q_Id":47611139,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"To answer your actual question, threads and coroutines will be equally reliable but coroutines are much easier to reason with and much of the modern existing code you'll find to read or copy will use them. \nIf you want to benefit from multiple cores, much better to use multiprocessing than threads to avoid the trickiness of the GIL.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,websocket,cloud,aiohttp,python-aiofiles","A_Id":47617568,"CreationDate":"2017-12-02T18:29:00.000","Title":"websocket data collection design","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I'm having an issue where when I read in info from an xml file. The data it reads in is supposed to be a list of numbers but when I read it in, it comes as a string. Is there a way to read xml data as a list or a way to convert a string to a list.\nEg I get the data from the xml as say [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0] and if I check the type it says its a string, ie the whole thing is a string including the brackets and the comma. \nCan't wrap my head around how to convert this back to a list of numbers","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":606,"Q_Id":47614316,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"For this, you would use the str.split() builtin method.\nSet x = \"[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]\"\nFirst of all, get rid of the square brackets around the string:\nx = x[1:-1] (x is now \"1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0\", a long string)\nThen, split the string to form a list of strings:\nx = x.split(',') (x is now [\"1.0\", \"2.0\", \"3.0\", \"4.0\", \"5.0\"], a list of strings)\nThen, convert all of these strings into floats (as I assume you want that):\nx = [float(i) for i in x] (x is now [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0], a list of floats)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,string,python-2.7,list,python-2.x","A_Id":47614365,"CreationDate":"2017-12-03T01:13:00.000","Title":"Convert string to list in python or read xml data as list","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am writing an app listening to websocket connections and making infrequent REST requests. aiohttp seems like a natural choice for this, but I'm flexible. The app is simple but needs to be reliable (gigabytes of data to collect daily while minimising data loss). \nWhat is the best way to handle connection loss with aiohttp? I notice that other some other Python libraries have auto reconnect options available. With aiohttp, I could always manually implement this with a loop (start over again as soon as the connection is lost) but I wouldn't know what's the best practice (is it acceptable to keep making reconnection attempts without delay in a loop?).","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1106,"Q_Id":47618328,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"aiohtp is a relative low level library, autoreconnection should be built on top of it.\nWebsocket connection is non-blocking operation in aiohttp.\nReliable websocket reconnection is not trivial task. Maybe you need to know what data are received by peer or maybe not -- it depends. In first case you need some high level protocol on top of plain websockets to send acknowledges etc.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,websocket,python-asyncio,aiohttp","A_Id":47633790,"CreationDate":"2017-12-03T12:26:00.000","Title":"autoreconnect for aiohttp websocket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to test a web application using selenium python. I've wrote a script to mimic a user. It logs in to the server, generates some reports and so on. It is working fine.\nNow, I need to see how much time the server is taking to process a specific request. \nIs there a way to find that from the same python code?\nAny alternate method is acceptable.\nNote: \n\nThe server is in the same LAN\nAlso I don't have privileges to do anything at the server side. So anything I can do is from outside the server.\n\nAny sort of help is appreciable. Thank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":527,"Q_Id":47647252,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have you considered the w3c HTTP access log field, \"time-taken.\"  This will report on every single request the time in milliseconds maximally.  On some platforms the precision reported is more granular.  In order for a web server, an application server with an HTTP access layer, an enterprise services bus with an HTTP access layer (for SOAP and REST calls) to be fully w3c standards compliant this log value must be available for inclusion in the HTTP access logs.   \nYou will see every single granular request and the time required for processing from first byte of receipt at the server to the last byte sent minus the final TCP ACK at the end.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,server,automated-tests,load-testing","A_Id":47676817,"CreationDate":"2017-12-05T06:20:00.000","Title":"Request processing time in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm writing a Python program that uses Selenium to navigate to and enter information into search boxes on an advanced search page. This website uses Javascript, and the IDs and Names for each search box change slightly each time the website is loaded, but the Class Names remain consistent. Class names are frequently reused though, so my goal is to use find_elements_by_class_name(classname) and then index through that list. \nOne box, for example, has the class name x-form-text x-form-field x-form-num-field x-form-empty-field, but I can't use this because selenium considers it a compound class name and throws an error. If I use just a portion of it, such as x-form-text, it can't find the element. My hope is to either find a way to allow the spaces or, if that can't be done, find a way to search for all elements whose class name contains a section of text without spaces, such as x-form-text.\nAny help or thoughts would be greatly appreciated!\nEdit:\nI tried this code:\n\n    quantminclass = 'x-form-text.x-form-field.x-form-num-field.x-form-empty-field'\n    quantmin = '25'\n    browser.find_elements_by_css_selector(quantminclass)[0].send_keys(quantmin)\n\nBut got an error that the list index was out of range, implying that it can't find anything. I inspected the element and that is definitely its class name, so I'm not sure how to proceed.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":19954,"Q_Id":47660523,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Try converting class name to a CSS selector.\nWith a CSS selector, a class named x-form-text x-form-field x-form-num-field\nturns into .x-form-text.x-form-field.x-form-num-field\nSo basically just replace spaces with dots and you're good to go.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":47660624,"CreationDate":"2017-12-05T18:38:00.000","Title":"Selenium Python - Finding Elements by Class Name With Spaces","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python program appending lines to a .csv file every few seconds. I also have a web app that was created using Django. My goal is to continuously read the data from the python program as it runs and display it on the website without having to refresh.\nMy proposed solution is to send the python output to a server using requests.put(), and then read from the server using AJAX. \n1.) Is this the best solution, or is there a better manner to connect the program and the site.\n2.) If this is a good solution, what's the easiest way to get a server running to POST, PUT, and GET from? It can be local and will never expect heavy traffic.\nThank you!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":173,"Q_Id":47687046,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Reading from csv is not good solution,message quene is suitable solution for this context\u3002\n\npython program can post a data message to django when adding lines\nto csv. \ndjango webapp can send data message to browser when getting\nmessage by SSE or socket.io lib","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ajax,django,server","A_Id":47687089,"CreationDate":"2017-12-07T03:18:00.000","Title":"Sending data stream from python program to web app","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"The setup is using S3 as a storage, API gateway for the rest endpoint and Lambda (Python) for get\/fetch of file in S3.\nI'm using Boto3 for the Lambda function (Python) to check if the file exists in S3, and I was able to download it but being stored in Lambda machine (\"\/tmp\"). The API Gateway can trigger the lambda function already. Is there a way that once the lambda function is triggered then the download will happen in the browser? \nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":802,"Q_Id":47707185,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Here is how we did it:\nCheck and Redirect:\nAPI Gateway --> Lambda (return 302) \nDeliver Content:\nCloudFront --> S3\nCheck for S3 existence with Lambda returning a 302 to cloudfront. You can also return Signed URL from Lambda with a valid time to access the URL from CloudFront.\nHope it helps.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,aws-lambda,aws-api-gateway","A_Id":47707562,"CreationDate":"2017-12-08T03:17:00.000","Title":"Retrieve a file from browser using API gateway, AWS LAMBDA and S3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am wondering if there is a way to write into .txt file on web server using urllib or urllib3. I tried using urllib3 POST but that doesnt do anything. Does any of these libraries have ability to write into files or do I have to use some other library?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":164,"Q_Id":47721121,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's not clear from your question, but I'm assuming that the Python code in question is not running on the web server. (Otherwise, it would be a matter of using the regular open() call.)\nThe answer is no, HTTP servers do not usually provide the ability to update files, and urllib does not support writing files over FTP \/ SCP.  You will need to be either running some sort of an upload service on the server that exposes an API over HTTP (via a POST entry point or otherwise) that allows you to make requests to the server in a way that causes the file to be updated on the server's filesystem.  Alternatively, you would need to use a protocol other than HTTP, such as FTP or SCP, and use an appropriate Python library for that protocol such as ftplib.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,urllib,urllib3","A_Id":47721219,"CreationDate":"2017-12-08T19:40:00.000","Title":"Writing into text file on web server using urllib\/urllib3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to use Allure report with Python3, although the libraries used for Python Pytest are not supported, from what I can see.\nThe documentation say that Allure plugin for pytest support the previous version of allure only.\nIs there a workaround to use pytest on python3, and get the Allure reports created?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":614,"Q_Id":47725736,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Found the solution.\nFirst of all, you need to remove ALL the old libraries and packages, since it may cause problems.\nThen you need to install the Allure command line via Brew.\nThat will allow you to generate reports from the output of your tests.\nThen what is left is to install via Pip the package for Python, which is called Allure-pytest.\nI did notice that some imports are different from the previous version of Allure; not sure what is the problem though, since importing Allure works fine in Python, but when I generate reports, I get errors because Objevt of type bytearray is not JSON serializable. \nWas working with the previous version of Allure API on Python 2.7, so I am not sure what is wrong, but most likely it is user error.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,pytest,allure","A_Id":47764766,"CreationDate":"2017-12-09T05:48:00.000","Title":"Use Allure report V2 via pytest on Python3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the best way to export\/store items in REST API ?\nI want send scraped items to REST API, where should I put my \nrequests.post(...) ?  Any examples ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":180,"Q_Id":47769299,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Thanks Rubber duck debugging, propably simple pipeline with process_item() method, earlier I thought only about Exporters and FeedStorage","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,scrapy,scrapy-spider","A_Id":47769467,"CreationDate":"2017-12-12T09:34:00.000","Title":"Scrapy - best way to export\/store items in REST API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Note:\nI can't use third party modules so bs4 and lxml are not an option.\nI need to parse HTML with the \nPython 3 std lib. I thought xml.minidom would be the way to go but it doesn't seem to be able to parse invalid XML\/HTML without throwing an exception like syntax error.\nAm I missing something within the xml module that can do what I'm looking for?\n\nAm I missing something in the std lib?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":78,"Q_Id":47801519,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"if you need to handle broken html\/xml, I recommend you to ckech Beautiful Soup 4","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,html-parsing","A_Id":47801694,"CreationDate":"2017-12-13T20:21:00.000","Title":"Can xml.minidom parse broken XML","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am asking for generally checking if all elements of a page has been loaded. Is there a way to check that basically? \nIn the concrete example there is a page, I click on some button, and then I have to wait until I click on the 'next' button. However, this 'Next' button is available, selectable and clickable ALL THE TIME. So how to check with selenium that 'state'(?) of a page?\nAs a reminder: This is a question about selenium and not the quality of the webpage in question....","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5281,"Q_Id":47832693,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Reliably determining whether a page has been fully loaded can be challenging. There is no way to know if all the elements have been loaded just like that. You must define some \"anchor\" points in each page so that as far as you aware, if these elements has been loaded, it is fair to assume the whole page has been loaded. Usually this involves a combination of tests. So for example, you can define that if the below combination of tests passes, the page is considered loaded:\n\nJavaScript document.readyState === 'complete'\n\"Anchor\" elements\nAll kinds of \"spinners\", if exist, disappeared.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":47832860,"CreationDate":"2017-12-15T12:44:00.000","Title":"Is there a way with python-selenium to wait until all elements of a page has loaded?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm implementing a webhooks provider and trying to solve some problems while minimizing the added complexity to my system:\n\nNot blocking processing of the API call that triggered the event while calling all the hooks so the response to that call will not be delayed\nNot making a flood of calls to my listeners if some client is quickly calling my APIs that trigger hooks (i.e. wait a couple seconds and throw away any earlier calls if duplicates come in later)\n\nMy environment is Python (Chalice) and AWS Lambda. Ideal solution will be easy to integrate and cheap.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":55,"Q_Id":47837082,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would use SQS \/ SNS depending on exact architecture design. Maybe Apache Kafka, if you need to store events longer... \nSo upcoming event would be placed on SQS, and then other lambda would be used to do processing. Problem is that time of processing is limited to 5 min. Also delivering can't be parallel. \nOther option is to have one input queue, and one output queue per receiver. So the lambda function, which process input, just spreads it through other queues. And then other lambdas are responsible for delivering. That way has other obvious problems.\nFinally. Your lambda, while processing input, can generate messages on outgoing queue, instrumenting what message should be delivered to which users. Then you can have one lambda triggered on each message from outgoing queue. And there you can have small loop delivering messages. Note that in case of problems you need to send back what was not delivered. \nGood point is that SQS has something like dead letter queue, so that problematic messages would not stay there forever.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,aws-lambda,webhooks","A_Id":47854491,"CreationDate":"2017-12-15T17:22:00.000","Title":"Design for implementing web hooks (including not blocking and ignoring superseding repeat events)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to create a simple chat application using sockets(UDP) and i would like to make it automatically allow itself through firewall, like every other application does. Is there a simple way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1029,"Q_Id":47858129,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The whole idea of a firewall is that it decides who gets through and who doesn't.  So in principle, this is not possible, and that's a good thing!\nMost firewalls, however, are configured to allow e.g. web traffic (port 80) to pass.  So you have to find out what ports your firewall has open, and use these.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,windows,firewall","A_Id":47858149,"CreationDate":"2017-12-17T18:21:00.000","Title":"How do i make a python program allow itself through firewall?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using Python to get texts of tweets from twitter using tweepy and is it possible to get ID and password from user, pass it to twitter api, and access to the tweets and get json data. \nI read \"User timelines belonging to protected users may only be requested when the authenticated user either \u201cowns\u201d the timeline or is an approved follower of the owner.\" but not sure whether it means the programmer must be accessible to the protected account or the api can access to protected account by receiving ID and password.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1041,"Q_Id":47861097,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The User Credentials is what determines permissions. With OAuth a user gives your app permission to act on their behalf.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,api,twitter","A_Id":47863424,"CreationDate":"2017-12-18T01:34:00.000","Title":"Is it able to view protected accounts using twitter api?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"For some unknown reasons ,my browser open test pages of my remote server very slowly. So I am thinking if I can reconnect to the browser after quitting the script but don't execute webdriver.quit() this will leave the browser opened. It is probably kind of HOOK or webdriver handle.\nI have looked up the selenium API doc but didn't find any function.\nI'm using Chrome 62,x64,windows 7,selenium 3.8.0.\nI'll be very appreciated whether the question can be solved or not.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23577,"Q_Id":47861813,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Without getting into why do you think that leaving an open browser windows will solve the problem of being slow, you don't really need a handle to do that. Just keep running the tests without closing the session or, in other words, without calling driver.quit() as you have mentioned yourself. The question here though framework that comes with its own runner? Like Cucumber?\nIn any case, you must have some \"setup\" and \"cleanup\" code. So what you need to do is to ensure during the \"cleanup\" phase that the browser is back to its initial state. That means:\n\nBlank page is displayed\nCookies are erased for the session","Q_Score":17,"Tags":"python-3.x,selenium,session,selenium-webdriver,webdriver","A_Id":47862340,"CreationDate":"2017-12-18T03:34:00.000","Title":"How can I reconnect to the browser opened by webdriver with selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What are the different modules\/ways to copy file from a windows computer to a linux server available in python\nI tried using ftplib api to connect to the windows server but i m unable to do with the error - socket.error: [Errno 111] Connection refused\nWhat are the other modules that i can connect to a windows computer to copy or list the files under a directory","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2296,"Q_Id":47866365,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you have access to linux server, and the file generated on windows automatically, you can do the folowing:\n\nGenerate ssh-key on your windows maching\nAdd it to authorized_hosts of the linux machine\nInstall simple console scp tool on windows\nWrite simple cmd-script to copy file with help of scp, something like:\nscp c:\\path\\to\\file.txt user@linuxhost.local:\/home\/user\/file.txt\nRun this script automatically every time, then the file is generated on windows host.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ftplib","A_Id":47869378,"CreationDate":"2017-12-18T10:23:00.000","Title":"Copy File from Windows Host to Linux [Python]","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have clicked on a button that will update a span.  So now I want to wait for that span to change from a 1 to a 2.  It sounds like I'm trying to do exactly what text_to_be_present_in_element does, except without a locator.  I already have the WebElement I need.  Is it possible to use these expected_conditions functions with an actual WebElement?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":108,"Q_Id":47894980,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Sounds like you could just get the value of the span and have python check once a second (or whatever) to see if it is different than before.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,wait","A_Id":47895032,"CreationDate":"2017-12-19T20:51:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to wait for text to change to a specific value in Selenium (Python) with a WebElement?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently implanted the connection with facebook and google on my local server, and everything worked.\nBut, when I tried to do it in production, the connection with google returns: \"Your credentials aren't allowed\". (Facebook works)\nI don't know why, because i'm pretty sure that my application is confirmed by Google.\nDo you have some ideas ?\nThanks in advance !","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1548,"Q_Id":47929909,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"My bad, I used a wrong key on settings.py","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,google-api,django-socialauth,social-authentication","A_Id":47943497,"CreationDate":"2017-12-21T17:25:00.000","Title":"\"Your credentials aren't allowed\" - Google+ API - Production","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to create a telegram bot which would immediately forward message from another bot, that regularly posts some info. I've tried to find some ready templates, but alas... I would be grateful for any useful info. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":497,"Q_Id":47952659,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I don't think this is possible. As far as I know, bots can't communicate with other bots.\nBut you can add bots to groups","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,telegram-bot","A_Id":47952757,"CreationDate":"2017-12-23T12:52:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to create a telegram bot which forwards messages from another bot to telegram group or channel?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am learning python and i am currently scraping reddit. Somehow reddit has figured out that I am a bot (which my software actually is) but how do they know that? And how we trick them into thinking that we are normal users. \nI found practical solution for that, but I am asking for bit more in depth theoretical understanding.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6861,"Q_Id":47956527,"Users Score":18,"Answer":"There's a large array of techniques that internet service providers use to detect and combat bots and scrapers. At the core of all of them is to build heuristics and statistical models that can identify non-human-like behavior. Things such as:\n\nTotal number of requests from a certain IP per specific time frame, for example, anything more than 50 requests per second, or 500 per minute, or 5000 per day may seem suspicious or even malicious. Counting number of requests per IP per unit of time is a very common, and arguably effective, technique. \nRegularity of incoming requests rate, for example, a sustained flow of 10 requests per second may seem like a robot programmed to make a request, wait a little, make the next request, and so on.\nHTTP Headers. Browsers send predictable User-Agent headers with each request that helps the server identify their vendor, version, and other information. In combination with other headers, a server might be able to figure out that requests are coming from an unknown or otherwise exploitative source. \nA stateful combination of authentication tokens, cookies, encryption keys, and other ephemeral pieces of information that require subsequent requests to be formed and submitted in a special manner. For example, the server may send down a certain key (via cookies, headers, in the response body, etc) and expect that your browser include or otherwise use that key for the subsequent request it makes to the server. If too many requests fail to satisfy that condition, it's a telltale sign they might be coming from a bot. \nMouse and keyboard tracking techniques: if the server knows that a certain API can only be called when the user clicks a certain button, they can write front-end code to ensure that the proper mouse-activity is detected (i.e. the user did actually click on the button) before the API request is made. \n\nAnd many many more techniques. Imagine you are the person trying to detect and block bot activity. What approaches would you take to ensure that requests are coming from human users? How would you define human behavior as opposed to bot behavior, and what metrics can you use to discern the two? \nThere's a question of practicality as well: some approaches are more costly and difficult to implement. Then the question will be: to what extent (how reliably) would you need to detect and block bot activity? Are you combatting bots trying to hack into user accounts? Or do you simply need to prevent them (perhaps in a best-effort manner) from scraping some data from otherwise publicly visible web pages? What would you do in case of false-negative and false-positive detections? These questions inform the complexity and ingenuity of the approach you might take to identify and block bot activity.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,web,bots","A_Id":47956652,"CreationDate":"2017-12-23T22:28:00.000","Title":"How do websites detect bots?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My bot is admin in a channel and I want to read channel's recent actions(like who joined the channel and etc) using python-telegram-bot. How can I achive this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":967,"Q_Id":47962314,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"There have no method to get recently actions by bot. And bots won't get notified when users joined channel.\nIf you want to know whether user in your channel, there have getChatMember method.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":47962389,"CreationDate":"2017-12-24T16:34:00.000","Title":"Read channel recent actions with telegram bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to implement a transparent IMAPS (SSL\/TLS) proxy from zero using python (pySocks and imaplib).\nThe user and the proxy are in the same network and the mail server is outside (example: gmail servers). All the traffic on port 993 is redirected to the proxy. The user should retrieve his emails using his favorite email application (example: thunderbird). The proxy should receive the commands and transmit it to the user\/server and should be able to read the content of the retrieved emails.\nHowever, as the traffic is encrypted, I don't know how to get the account and the password of the user (without using a database) OR how to read the content of the emails without knowing the account and the password of the user.\nAfter few days looking for a solution, I still don't have any track. Maybe it is not possible ? If you have any track, I would be happy to read it.\nThank you.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":221,"Q_Id":47988332,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You must implement your proxy as a Man In The Middle attack. That means that there are two different SSL\/TLS encrypted communication channels: one between the client and the proxy, one between the the proxy and the server. That means that either:\n\nthe client explicitely sets the proxy as its mail server (if only few servers are to be used with one name\/address per actual server)\nthe proxy has a certificate for the real mail server that will be trusted by the client. A common way is to use a dummy CA: the proxy has a private certificate trusted by the client that can be used to sign certificates for any domains like antivirus softwares do.\n\nOnce this is set up, the proxy has just to pass all commands and responses, and process the received mails on the fly.\nI acknowledge that this is not a full answer, but a full answer would be far beyond the scope of SO and I hope it could a path to it. Feel free to ask more precise questions here if you are later stuck in actual implementation.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,imap","A_Id":47988655,"CreationDate":"2017-12-27T07:48:00.000","Title":"Transparent IMAPs proxy","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using discord.py to create my bot and I was wondering how to create roles\/permissions specific to the bot? \nWhat that means is when the bot enters the server for the first time, it has predefined permissions and role set in place so the admin of the server doesn't need to set a role and permissions for the bot.\nI have been trying to look up a reference implementation of this but no luck. If someone can point me at example of how to get a simple permission\/role for a bot that will be great!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7000,"Q_Id":47999716,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"you want to do this through oath2 using the url parameters","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,bots,discord","A_Id":48163714,"CreationDate":"2017-12-27T23:15:00.000","Title":"How to create a role for a Discord Bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently made a music bot in my discord server but the problem I have is that I have to turn on the bot manually etc. and it goes offline when I turn off my computer. How can I make the bot stay online at all times, even when I'm offline?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4654,"Q_Id":48014892,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Use a Raspberry Pi with an internet connection. Install all necessary components and then run the script in its terminal. Then, you can switch off the monitor and the bot will continue running. I recommend that solution to run the bot 24\/7. If you don't have a Raspberry Pi, buy one (they're quite cheap), or buy a server to run the code on.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,discord.py","A_Id":51890116,"CreationDate":"2017-12-28T21:59:00.000","Title":"How do I make my discord bot stay online","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently made a music bot in my discord server but the problem I have is that I have to turn on the bot manually etc. and it goes offline when I turn off my computer. How can I make the bot stay online at all times, even when I'm offline?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4654,"Q_Id":48014892,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to run the python script on a server, e.g. an EWS linux instance. \nTo do that you would need to install python on the server and place the script in the home directory and just run it via a screen.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,discord.py","A_Id":48034102,"CreationDate":"2017-12-28T21:59:00.000","Title":"How do I make my discord bot stay online","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am looking for a way to automatically check contacts in Dynamics 365 CRM and sync them to mailcontacts in Exchange online distribution lists.\nDoes anyone have suggestions on where to start with this?\nI was thinking of trying to use python scripts with the exchangelib library to connect to the CRM via API, check the CRM contacts, then connect to Exchange online with API to update the mailcontacts in specific distribution lists if needed.\nDoes this sound plausible?\nAre their more efficient ways of accomplishing this?\nAny suggestions are greatly appreciated, thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":76,"Q_Id":48025594,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"How about using MS Flow? I have done similar thing before using MS Flow to transfer emails from CRM to an online email processing service and retrieving emails back to CRM.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,dynamics-crm,exchange-server,exchangelib","A_Id":48050166,"CreationDate":"2017-12-29T16:36:00.000","Title":"Syncing Dynamics CRM contacts to Exchange mailcontacts distribution lists","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Slack API provides you two options: use app as a bot and as a logged in user itself. I want to create App that will be working as a user and run channel commands. How can I do with discord.py?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8029,"Q_Id":48043363,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As Wright has commented, this is against discord's ToS. If you get caught using a selfbot, your account will be banned. However, if you still REALLY want to do this, what you need to do is add\/replace bot.run('email', 'password') to the bottom of your bot, or client.run('email', 'password') to the bottom depending on how your bot is programmed.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,discord,discord.py","A_Id":48051694,"CreationDate":"2017-12-31T14:43:00.000","Title":"How to login as user rather bot in discord server and run commands?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to access the internet with Google Chrome but every time I use webbrowser.open(url) it opens IE.\nSo I checked to make sure I have Chrome as my default, which I do, and I tried using the get() function to link the actual Chrome application but it gives me this error instead:\n\nFile \"C:\\Users\\xxx\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\lib\\webbrowser.py\", line 51, in get raise Error(\"could not locate runnable browser\") webbrowser.Error: could not locate runnable browser\n\nI also tried to open other browsers but it gives the same error. It also reads IE as my default and only runnable browser.\nWhat could be happening? Is there an alternative?\nUsing Python 3.6.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24477,"Q_Id":48056052,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"use \"http:\/\/\" in url\nthat works for me","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,selenium","A_Id":69779987,"CreationDate":"2018-01-02T05:39:00.000","Title":"webbrowser.get \u2014 could not locate runnable browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have written a websocket server in tornado and i used websocket_ping_interval=60 to detect which connection is really closed after 60 sec. but after 60 sec the server disconnects the link(even if it's been disconnected). i think this is done because the server sends a ping packet each 60sec and the client doesn't response to the server. i want the client side(which is written in websocket python module) to response the server whenever the server sends ping req.\nI have the same problem with client websocket in browsers. any idea how to solve it?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":720,"Q_Id":48062744,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Tornado's websocket implementation handles pings automatically (and so do most other implementations). You shouldn't have to do anything.\nTornado's ping timeout defaults to 3 times the ping interval, so if you're getting cut off after 60 seconds instead of 180 seconds, something else is doing it. Some proxies have a 60-second timeout for idle connections, so if you're going through one of those you may need a shorter ping interval. \nIf that's not it, you'll need to provide more details, ideally a reproducible test setup with client and server code.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,websocket,tornado","A_Id":48070341,"CreationDate":"2018-01-02T14:28:00.000","Title":"how to response to the server ping in tornado websocket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In python, tcp connect returns success even though the connect request is in queue at server end. Is there any way to know at client whether accept happened or in queue at server?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1179,"Q_Id":48089780,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The problem is not related to Python but is caused by the underlying socket machinery that does its best to hide low level network events from the program. The best I can imagine would be to try a higher level protocol handshake (send a hello string and set a timeout for receiving the answer) but it would make no difference between the following problem:\n\nconnection is queued on peer and still not accepted\nconnection has been accepted, but for any other reason the server could not process it in allocated time\n(only if timeout is very short) congestion on machines (including sender) and network added a delay greater that the timeout\n\nMy advice is simply that you do not even want to worry with such low level details. As problems can arise server side after the connection has been accepted, you will have to deal with possible higher level protocol errors, timeouts or connection loss. Just say that there is no difference between a timeout after connection has been accepted and a timeout to accept the connection.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,tcpclient","A_Id":48090538,"CreationDate":"2018-01-04T06:25:00.000","Title":"How to know the status of tcp connect in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've been trying to implement some HTML code that accesses weather data in historical CSV files online, and perform maths on the data once I selectively extract it.\nIn the past, I've programmed in Python and had no problems doing this by using pycurl.Curl().  HTML is a complete nightmare in comparison:  XMLHttpRequest() does technically work, but web browsers automatically block access to all foreign URLs (because of the Same-Origin Policy).  Not good.\nAny ideas and alternative approaches would be very helpful!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":238,"Q_Id":48179772,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I'm pushing against the boundaries set forth in your question.. if you're simply wanting to do it in JavaScript, but outside the context of a browser, have you considered working in Node?","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,csv,remote-access","A_Id":48180149,"CreationDate":"2018-01-10T03:15:00.000","Title":"HTML - Access data from remote online CSV files","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Hi I am trying to connect to the outlook server to sending the email with smtplib in python. \nTrying this code smtplib.SMTP('smtp-mail.outlook.com') does not print out anything and also does not return an error. \nCan somebody tell me what might be the problem and how to fix it. \nThank you a lots.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1765,"Q_Id":48204680,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"thank you for all your answer, the problem is actually caused  because of some restriction in my work network. I have talked with them and the problem is solved.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,smtplib","A_Id":51780455,"CreationDate":"2018-01-11T10:20:00.000","Title":"Python SMTPLIB does not connect","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"On my Discord server, I have a #selfies channel where people share photos and chat about them. Every now and then, I would like to somehow prune all messages that do not contain files\/images. I have tried checking the documentation, but I could see not see any way of doing this. Is it not possible?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10898,"Q_Id":48255732,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can iterate through every message and do: \nif not message.attachments:\n    ...\nmessage.attachments returns a list and you can check if it is empty using if not","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,discord,discord.py","A_Id":48287783,"CreationDate":"2018-01-15T00:59:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to check if message.content on Discord contains a file?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Situation: The file to be downloaded is a large file (>100MB). It takes quite some time, especially with slow internet connection.\nProblem: However, I just need the file header (the first 512 bytes), which will decide if the whole file needs to be downloaded or not.\nQuestion: Is there a way to do download only the first 512 bytes of a file?\nAdditional information: Currently the download is done using urllib.urlretrieve in Python2.7","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1451,"Q_Id":48257994,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I think curl and head would work better than a Python solution here:\ncurl https:\/\/my.website.com\/file.txt | head -c 512 > header.txt\nEDIT: Also, if you absolutely must have it in a Python script, you can use subprocess to perform the curl piped to head command execution\nEDIT 2: For a fully Python solution: The urlopen function (urllib2.urlopen in Python 2, and urllib.request.urlopen in Python 3) returns a file-like stream that you can use the read function on, which allows you to specify a number of bytes. For example, urllib2.urlopen(my_url).read(512) will return the first 512 bytes of my_url","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,download,urllib,urlretrieve","A_Id":48258054,"CreationDate":"2018-01-15T06:34:00.000","Title":"How to Download only the first x bytes of data Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am creating an app which only needs to access the Uber API with one account, mine. Is it possible to connect to the API with my account credentials? And if not, how else can I programmatically order rides through my account?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":219,"Q_Id":48272916,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"The Uber Api does not support oauth2 with a username and password (at least not from python)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oauth-2.0,uber-api","A_Id":48273068,"CreationDate":"2018-01-16T01:30:00.000","Title":"How to get oauth2 authorization with developer password for Uber API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Edited Question:\nI guess I worded my previous question improperly, I actually want to get away from \"unit tests\" and create automated, modular system tests that build off of each other to test the application as whole.  Many parts are dependent upon the previous pages and subsequent pages cannot be reached without first performing the necessary steps on the previous pages.  \nFor example (and I am sorry I cannot give the actual code), I want to sign into an app, then insert some data, then show that the data was sent successfully.  It is more involved than that, however, I would like to make the web driver portion, 'Module 1.x'. Then the sign in portion, 'Module 2.x'.  The data portion, 'Module 3.x'.  Finally, success portion, 'Module 4.x'.  I was hoping to achieve this so that I could eventually say, \"ok, for this test, I need it to be a bit more complicated so let's do, IE (ie. Module 1.4), sign in (ie. Module 2.1), add a name (ie Module 3.1), add an address (ie. Module 3.2), add a phone number (ie Module 3.3), then check for success (ie Module 4.1).  So, I need all of these strung together.  (This is extremely simplified and just an example of what I need to occur.  Even in the case of the unit tests, I am unable to simply skip to a page to check that the elements are present without completing the required prerequisite information.) The issue that I am running into with the lengthy tests that I have created is that each one requires multiple edits when something is changed and then multiplied by the number of drivers, in this case Chrome, IE, Edge and Firefox (a factor of 4).  Maybe my approach is totally wrong but this is new ground for me, so any advice is much appreciated. Thank you again for your help!\nPrevious Question:\nI have found many answers for creating unit tests, however, I am unable to find any advice on how to make said tests sequential.  \nI really want to make modular tests that can be reused when the same action is being performed repeatedly.  I have tried various ways to achieve this but I have been unsuccessful.  Currently I have several lengthy tests that reuse much of the same code in each test, but I have to adjust each one individually with any new changes.  \nSo, I really would like to have .py files that only contain a few lines of code for the specific task that I am trying to complete, while re-using the same browser instance that is already open and on the page where the previous portion of the test left off.  Hoping to achieve this by 'calling' the smaller\/modular test files.  \nAny help and\/or examples are greatly appreciated.  Thank you for your time and assistance with this issue.\nRespectfully, \nBilliamaire","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":150,"Q_Id":48309776,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You don't really want your tests to be sequential. That breaks one of the core rules of unit tests where they should be able to be run in any order.\nYou haven't posted any code so it's hard to know what to suggest but if you aren't using the page object model, I would suggest that you start. There are a lot of resources on the web for this but the basics are that you create a single class per page or widget. That class would hold all the code and locators that pertains to that page. This will help with the modular aspect of what you are seeking because in your script you just instantiate the page object and then consume the API. The details of interacting with the page, the logic, etc. all lives in the page object is exposed via the API it provides.\nChanges\/updates are easy. If the login page changes, you edit the page object for the login page and you're done. If the page objects are properly implemented and the changes to the page aren't severe, many times you won't need to change the scripts at all.\nA simple example would be the login page. In the login class for that page, you would have a login() method that takes username and password. The login() method would handle entering the username and password into the appropriate fields and clicking the sign in button, etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,automated-tests,modular","A_Id":48311473,"CreationDate":"2018-01-17T20:50:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to make sequential tests in Python-Selenium tests?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am able to get historical data on one stock per each request. But I need to get historical data for multiple stocks in a single request from Google finance using python.\nAny help will be highly appreciated!\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":799,"Q_Id":48335000,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can't request time series data for multiple stocks from that source at once. Instead, you have to put your request into a loop. Putting your request into a loop, you can request time series stock by stock.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-finance,google-finance-api","A_Id":48366381,"CreationDate":"2018-01-19T06:00:00.000","Title":"Get historical data for multiple stocks in single request using python from Google finance","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am new to Python and looking to build rest full web services using python. Due to some dependency, Could not use any other scripting language.\nAnyone can suggest if Python has any api-only kind of framework or if any other lightweight framework for rest APIs in Python.\nThanks,\nPooja","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10417,"Q_Id":48339205,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"as of SEP18, also have a look on Quart, APIstar\nas of MAR19, add fastAPI, looks very promising\nnota: \nBottle is lighter (& faster) than Flask, but with less bells & whistles\nFalcon is fast !\nfastAPI is fast as well !\nalso, as Bottle\/Flask are more general frameworks (they have templating features for instance, not API related), frameworks such as Falcon or fastAPI are really designed to serve as APIs framework.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python-3.x,rest,django-rest-framework","A_Id":52226988,"CreationDate":"2018-01-19T10:40:00.000","Title":"Which python framework will be suitable to rest api only","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So I've been making a small game in Python named Cows and Bulls. For those who don't know it's very simple. 1 player generates a number the other tries to guess. If the guess has a number on the correct position it gives you a cow. If it has a number but on the wrong position it gives you a bull, so until the cow value isn't 4 (4 digit number) the game keeps going. It keeps giving hints until the number is guessed.\nI've actually sucessfully created the player part of the program. Now I moved on to creating an AI. I generate a number, and the PC tries to guess that number.\nMy problem is the conditions to help the PC find this number. Right now I have the basic ones. If the PC guess finds no bulls and no cows, it discards all those numbers for the next guesses, if it finds all bulls is tries every combination of with those 4 numbers and of course the normal winning conditions.\nThe PC takes a long time to guess it though. There aren't enough conditions that facilitate the process of guessing the number. \nSo I was wondering if anyone can give me some tips on what conditions I can put onto my program to facilitate him guessing the right number? I've been thinking about it but been struggling with it. Can't seem to find a good condition that actually helps considerably the time the PC takes to guess.\nIn any way thanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":593,"Q_Id":48357141,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I would use the process of elimination. Start off with a set of all 4 digit numbers from 1000 to 9999. \nThen if you give the computer a cow, so the computer knows it is of the form _ _ 3 _. Remove all numbers that are not of that form from the set.\nIf you give the computer a bull, say for the number 4. Remove all 4 digit numbers that don't have a 4 in them somewhere.\nFor the computers next turn, just pick a random number from the set of numbers that it now knows are still potential values.\nAlso, if you don't get a bull or a cow from a number, you can remove all numbers that include the digits for the numbers you didn't get a bull or cow for.\nThen repeat.\nYou'll whittle down the potential numbers pretty quickly. Then the computer will either guess the correct number or there will only be one left.\nI hope this helps :)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":48357241,"CreationDate":"2018-01-20T14:12:00.000","Title":"Cows and Bulls PC Guessing","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am creating a web application which scrapes data from some other websites based on what the user searches.\nI am planning to host this application on hosting websites like Hostgator or Namecheap.\nCurrently, the application contains a total of 2 pages. One is index.html and another is tool.py.\nindex.html takes an input via form and post it to tool.py.\ntool.py is responsible for web scraping. I have 2 questions regarding this:\n1) Let's say 2 users come to my website and searched simultaneously. Which IP will go to these websites which are to be scraped? Is it users own IP will go or the script IP will go (where the tool.py is located in this case let's suppose Namecheap server ip).\n2) If 100's of users search simultaneously, how will the tool.py script reacts? Is there a better way to prevent excessive load to the single script? Maybe distributing and picking scripts randomly (eg: tool1.py, tool2.py, tool3.py etc)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":41,"Q_Id":48364941,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Ok to answer your questions in order.\n\nAs @GalAbra mentions above, it is dependent on the design of the tool. From the sounds of it though, if index.html forces the browser to post data to tool.py then the IP of where tool.py is located will be the one that requests the page. \nThe ideal way would be to have a queing system built into the tool. You could have the client add their request to the queue (possibly in a database) and then have the tool.py monitor the queue for new entries and have it then request. Possibly using threading where there are multiple new requests in the queue, depending on how much activity you think this tool will see.\n\nHope this helps","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping","A_Id":48365456,"CreationDate":"2018-01-21T08:19:00.000","Title":"Which IP address will go to the destination website?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is it possible to delete an item from DynamoDB using the Python Boto3 library by specifying a secondary index value? I won't know the primary key in advance, so is it possible to skip the step of querying the index to retrieve the primary key, and just add a condition to the delete request that includes the secondary index value?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1939,"Q_Id":48384337,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"No, as of now it's not possible. \nYou have to specify the primary key to delete an item, although you can optionally pass ConditionExpression to prevent it from being deleted if some condition is not met. Only this much flexibility api is providing us.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,boto,boto3","A_Id":48384477,"CreationDate":"2018-01-22T14:53:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to delete a DynamoDB item based on secondary index with Python Boto3 lib?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have added my bot to a group chat, now for few commands I need to give access only to the group admin, so is it possible to identify if the message sender is admin of the group?\nI am using python-telegram-bot library","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6220,"Q_Id":48387330,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"No. You need to hardcode user id in your source and compare if user id in admin-ids array.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":48407514,"CreationDate":"2018-01-22T17:41:00.000","Title":"Telegram Bot: Can we identify if message is from group admin?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My telegram bot needs to send a message to all the users at the same time. However, Telegram claims a max of 30 calls\/sec so it gets really slow. I am sure that there is a telegram bot which sends over 30 calls\/sec. Is there a paid plan for this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1442,"Q_Id":48397015,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Telegram don't provide paid plan at this time.\nFor sending massive amount of message, it is better to use channel, and ask users to join.\nIf you really want to send via PM, you can send 1,800 messages per minute, I think this limit is enough for most use case.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot,php-telegram-bot,telegram-webhook","A_Id":48397565,"CreationDate":"2018-01-23T08:18:00.000","Title":"API call limitation on my telegram bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've a made a selenium test using python3 and selenium library.\nI've also used Tkinter to make a GUI to put some input on (account, password..).\nI've managed to hide the console window for python by saving to the .pyw extension; and when I make an executable with my code, the console doesn't show up even if it's saved with .py extension.\nHowever, everytime the chromedriver starts, it also starts a console window, and when the driver exists, this window does not.\nso in a loop, i'm left with many webdriver consoles.\nIs there a work around this to prevent the driver from launching a console everytime it runs ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":617,"Q_Id":48414156,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"driver.close() and driver.quit() are two different methods for closing the browser session in Selenium WebDriver.\ndriver.close() - It closes the the browser window on which the focus is set.\ndriver.quit() \u2013 It basically calls driver.dispose method which in turn closes all the browser windows and ends the WebDriver session gracefully.\nYou should use driver.quit whenever you want to end the program. It will close all opened browser window and terminates the WebDriver session. If you do not use driver.quit at the end of program, WebDriver session will not close properly and files would not be cleared off memory. This may result in memory leak errors.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":48414334,"CreationDate":"2018-01-24T03:01:00.000","Title":"Python3, Selenium, Chromedriver console window","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My task is to extract full songs from radio streaming using python 2.7.\nI have managed to record radio streaming, but I can't find a good way to detect if the audio that I record is music, ads, or just talking. \nI tried to detect by threshold, but it wasn't good because there are not enough silence between the talking or the ads to the songs.\nIf someone knows a good solution for me I would love to hear about it.\nimport pydub\nstreamAudio = pydub.AudioSegment.from_mp3(\"justRadioStream.mp3\")\nlistMp3 = pydub.silence.detect_silence(streamAudio, min_silence_len=400, silence_thresh=-38)\nprint listMp3\nI tried to play with the min_silence_len and silence_thresh, but there is not enough time of silence between songs and ads or talking, or louder voice to detect properly\nthanks a lot!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":203,"Q_Id":48417561,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is not the kind of problem that will be solved in a couple of lines of Python.  The problem is under-specified - there's no guarantee that there will even be silence between songs, ads and announcers on any given radio stream, as they try to make it harder to usefully record full songs from their streams for piracy purposes.\nTo do this robustly, it's likely that you'll need to apply AI \/ deep learning techniques to distinguish music from ads and announcements.  Even then it's tricky, as some music will have regular talking in it, some songs are short, and some ads are long and contain music.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":48418721,"CreationDate":"2018-01-24T08:08:00.000","Title":"python extract songs from radio streaming","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am currently running spark-submit jobs on an AWS EMR cluster. I started running into python package issues where a module is not found in during imports.\nOne obvious solution would be to go into each individual node and install my dependencies. I would like to avoid this if possible. Another solution I can do is write a bootstrap script and create a new cluster.\nLast solution that seems to work is I can also pip install my dependencies and zip them and pass them through the spark-submit job through --py-files. Though that may start becoming cumbersome as my requirements increase.\nAny other suggestions or easy fixes I may be overlooking?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":724,"Q_Id":48433297,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"bootstrap is the solution. write a shell script, pip install all your required packages and put it in the bootstrap option. It will be executed on all nodes when you create a cluster. just keep in mind that if the bootstrap takes too long time (1 hour or so?), it will fail.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,apache-spark,pyspark,emr","A_Id":50046220,"CreationDate":"2018-01-24T23:21:00.000","Title":"Module not found in AWS EMR slave nodes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Flask application running on AWS Application Load Balancer, but can't get web sockets to work. After reading several posts and configuring Load Balancers, Target Groups, stickiness on EC2, I came to the conclusion that it might be that ALB is not staring the application correctly.\nFlask-SocketIo says to use socketio.run(application, host='0.0.0.0', port=port) to start up the web server as it encapsulates application.run(). But after further reading I found that EC2 already calls application.run() without the need of explicitly doing so in the start up script, and therefore it might just bypassing my socketio.run() and not be starting my web server.\nCould this be the case? How can I verify it and make sure socketio is started properly?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":648,"Q_Id":48459764,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To access the application via Load Balancer you have to make sure first that your target in Target Group is healthy. The health status is displayed in AWS Web console on your target group instance details on Targets tab.\nIf there are no targets in your Target Group, add one by pressing Edit button and selecting your EC2 instance from the list. Don't forget to use the appropriate port. Also make sure health checks are configured correctly (path, port...). You can find them on Health Checks tab of your target group details page.\nIf all above is ok and you have a healthy target in TG, but the ELB doesn't show your application, I'd recommend you to SSH to your EC2 instance with Flask app and check if that one is running correctly.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-ec2,websocket,amazon-elb","A_Id":48469075,"CreationDate":"2018-01-26T10:41:00.000","Title":"flask-socketio run on Application Load Balancer","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I know this is sort of counter to the purpose of headless automation, but...\nI've got an automation test running using Selenium and Chromedriver in headless mode. I'd prefer to keep it running headless, but occasionally, it runs into an error that really needs to be looked at and interacted with. Is it possible to render and interact with a headless session? Maybe by duplicating the headless browser in a non-headless one? I can connect through remote-debugging, but the Dev Tools doesn't seem to do allow me to view the rendered page or interact with anything.\nI am able to take screenshots, which sort of helps. But I'm really looking for the ability to interact--there's some drag-and-drop elements that aren't working well with Selenium that are causing issues occasionally.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1325487884,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3716,"Q_Id":48467961,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"What you are asking for is currently not possible. Further, such a \"feature\" would have nothing to do with Selenium, but the vendor of the browser. You can search their bug tracker to see if such a feature has already been requested.\nThe only currently available option is to run full GUI browser during debug \/ development of your tests.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,selenium,headless,browser-automation","A_Id":48468760,"CreationDate":"2018-01-26T19:06:00.000","Title":"Possible to open\/display\/render a headless Selenium session?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using Aws Lex for constructing chatbots. I had a scenario where I need to have welcome message initially without user input so that I can give a direction to the user in my chatbot.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4953,"Q_Id":48476742,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are using your own website or an app for integrating the chatbot, then you can send some unique welcome text from that website\/app when it loads for the first time i.e on load method to the amazon lex. And in amazon lex you can create a welcome intent and put exact same text as utterance.\nThis way, when the website\/app loads, it will send text to amazon lex and lex can fire the welcome intent and reply to it.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-lex","A_Id":48495195,"CreationDate":"2018-01-27T14:24:00.000","Title":"How to get welcome messages in AWS Lex (lambda in Python)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using Aws Lex for constructing chatbots. I had a scenario where I need to have welcome message initially without user input so that I can give a direction to the user in my chatbot.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.4621171573,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4953,"Q_Id":48476742,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"You need to work that scenario using API call to start a context with your user.\nYou can follow these steps:\n\nYou need to create an Intent called AutoWelcomeMessage.\nCreate a Slot type with only one value i.e: HelloMe.\nCreate an Utterances HelloMessage.\nCreate a Slot as follow: Required, name: answer, Slot Type: HelloMe, Prompt: 'AutoWelcomePrompt'.\nPick Amazon Lambda for your Fulfillment that will send a response to your user. I.e:\n\nHello user, may I help? (Here the user will enter another Intent and your Bot will respond).\nNow, start a conversation with your User, just call via API your Lex Bot and send an intention with Intent AutoWelcomeMessage, that call starts a context with your Lex Bot and the fulfillment will execute your Lambda.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-lex","A_Id":48477745,"CreationDate":"2018-01-27T14:24:00.000","Title":"How to get welcome messages in AWS Lex (lambda in Python)?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"TL;DR : Is passing auth data to a boto3 script in a csv file named as an argument (and not checked in) less secure than a plaintext shared credentials file (the default answer in docs) for any reason? \nI want to write a boto3 script intended to run from my laptop that uses an IAM key.  The main accepted way to initialize your session is to include the API key, the secret, the region, and (if applicable) your session key in a shared credentials file identified by AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE, or to have the key and secret be environment variables themselves (AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, etc.)  What I would like to do is load these values in a dictionary auth  from a csv or similar file, and then use the keys and values of this dictionary to initialize my boto3.Session.  This is easy to do;  but, because a utility to load auth data from csv is so obvious and because so few modules provide this utility, I assume there is some security problem with it that I don't know.  \nIs there a reason the shared credentials file is safer than a csv file with the auth data passed as an argument to the boto3 script?  I understand that running this from an EC2 instance with a role assignment is best, but I'm looking for a way to test libraries locally before adding them to one run through role security.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":931,"Q_Id":48477832,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"There is nothing special or secure with a csv file. Its security risks are same as credentials file since both are text files. If you are worried about security and prefer a file option, one alternative I can think of:\n\nEncrypt the credentials and store them as binary data in a file\nIn your Boto3 script, read the file, decrypt the data and supply the credentials to Boto3\nYou can use simple symmetric keys to encrypt the creds","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,security,boto3","A_Id":48478740,"CreationDate":"2018-01-27T16:23:00.000","Title":"AWS BOTO3 : Handling API keys","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way that can handle deleted message by user in one-to-one chat or groups that bot is member of it ?\nthere is method for edited message update but not for deleted message .","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1993,"Q_Id":48484272,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The pyrogram have DeletedMessagesHandler \/ @Client.on_deleted_messages(). If used as Userbot, It handles in all chat groups channels. I failed to filter. Maybe it will work in a bot","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":72498718,"CreationDate":"2018-01-28T07:49:00.000","Title":"handle deleted message by user in telegram bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way that can handle deleted message by user in one-to-one chat or groups that bot is member of it ?\nthere is method for edited message update but not for deleted message .","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1993,"Q_Id":48484272,"Users Score":9,"Answer":"No. There is no way to track whether messages have been deleted or not.","Q_Score":8,"Tags":"telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":48485447,"CreationDate":"2018-01-28T07:49:00.000","Title":"handle deleted message by user in telegram bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a way to implement a partially undirect graph. This is,  graphs where edges can be directed (or not)  and with different type of arrow (>, *, #, etc.).\nMy problem is that when I try to use undirect grpah from Networkx and stored arrow type as an attribute, I don't find an efficient way to tell networkx if that attribute (type arrorw) is from a to b or from b to a.\nDoes anyone know how to handle this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":215,"Q_Id":48503540,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I guess you can use a directed graph and store the direction as an attribute if you don't need to represent that directed graph.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,graph,networkx","A_Id":48504499,"CreationDate":"2018-01-29T14:27:00.000","Title":"Partially undirect graphs in Networkx","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm looking for a way to implement a partially undirect graph. This is,  graphs where edges can be directed (or not)  and with different type of arrow (>, *, #, etc.).\nMy problem is that when I try to use undirect grpah from Networkx and stored arrow type as an attribute, I don't find an efficient way to tell networkx if that attribute (type arrorw) is from a to b or from b to a.\nDoes anyone know how to handle this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":215,"Q_Id":48503540,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"After search it in a lot of different sources, the only way to do a partial undirect graph I've found it is this is through adjacent matrices. \nNetworkx has a good tools to move between graph and adjacent matrix (in pandas and numpy array format). \nThe disadvantage is if you need networkx functions you have to program it yourself or convert the adjacent matrix to networkx format and then return it back to your previous adjacent matrix.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,graph,networkx","A_Id":48583218,"CreationDate":"2018-01-29T14:27:00.000","Title":"Partially undirect graphs in Networkx","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to give temporary download access to a bucket in my s3.\nusing boto3.generate_presigned_url(), I have only managed to download a specific file from that bucket but not the bucket itself.\nis there any option to do so or my only option is to download the bucket content, zip it, upload it, and give access to the zip?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1170,"Q_Id":48517407,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have you tried cycling through the list of items in the bucket?\ndo a aws s3 ls <bucket_name_with_Presigned_URL> and then use a for loop to get each item.\nHope this helps.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto3,pre-signed-url","A_Id":52748706,"CreationDate":"2018-01-30T08:57:00.000","Title":"boto3 python generate pre signed url for a whole bucket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I was working on boto3 module in python and I have had created a bot which would find the publicly accessible buckets, but this is done for a single user with his credentials. I am thinking of advancing the features and make the bot fetch all the publicly accessible buckets throughout every user accounts. I would like to know if this is possible, if yes how, if not why?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2004,"Q_Id":48537478,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is not possible.\nThere is no way to discover the names of all of the millions of buckets that exist.  There are known to be at least 2,000,000,000,000 objects stored in S3, a number announced several years ago and probably substantially lower than the real number now.  If each bucket had 1,000,000 of those objects, that would mean 2,000,000 buckets to hold them. \nYou lack both the time and the permission to scan them all, and intuition suggests that AWS Security would start to ask questions, if you tried.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,amazon-s3,boto3,s3-bucket","A_Id":48553966,"CreationDate":"2018-01-31T08:15:00.000","Title":"Find all the s3 public buckets","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have automation scripts where the implicitly_wait is parametrized so that the user will be able to set it. I have a default value of 20 seconds which I am aware of but there is a chance that the user has set it with a different value.\nIn one of my methods I would like to change the implicitly_wait (to lower it as much as possible) and return it to the value before the method was called. In order to do so I would like to save the implicitly_wait value before I change it. This is why I am looking for a way to reach to it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":31,"Q_Id":48542904,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"After reading through the Selenium code and playing in the interpreter, it appears there is no way to retrieve the current implicit_wait value. This is a great opportunity to add a wrapper to your framework. The wrapper should be used any time a user wants to change the implicit wait value. The wrapper would store the current value and provide a 'getter' to retrieve the current value. Otherwise, you can submit a request to the Selenium development team...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,selenium","A_Id":48543491,"CreationDate":"2018-01-31T13:04:00.000","Title":"How can I view the implicitly_wait that the webdriver was set with?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to model the spread of information on Twitter, so I need the number of tweets with specific hashtags and the time each tweet was posted. If possible I would also like to restrict the time period for which I am searching. So if I were examining tweets with the hashtag #ABC, I would like to know that there were 1,400 tweets from 01\/01\/2015 - 01\/08\/2015, and then the specific time for each tweet. I don't the actual tweet itself though. From what I've read so far, it looks like the Twitter API restricts the total number of tweets you can pull and limits how far back I can search. Anyone know if there's a way for me to get this data?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1686,"Q_Id":48549453,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Twitter api provides historical data for a hashtag only up to past 10 days. There is no limit on number of tweets but they have put limitation on time.\nThere is no way to get historical data related to a hashtag past 10 days except:\n\nYou have access to their premium api (Twitter has recently launched its premium api where you get access only if you qualify their criteria. Till date they have provided access to very limited users)\nYou can purchase the data from data providers like Gnip\nYou have internal contacts in Twitter ;)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,r,twitter,tweepy,twython","A_Id":48580106,"CreationDate":"2018-01-31T18:51:00.000","Title":"How can I get the number of tweets associated with a certain hashtag, and the timestamp of those tweets?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using python-social-auth to allow users to login via SAML; everything's working correctly, except for the fact that if a logged-in user opens the SAML login page and logs in again as a different user, they'll get an association with both of the SAML users, rather than switch login.\nI understand the purpose behind this (since it's what you can normally do to associate the user with different auth services) but in this case I need to enforce a single association (ie. if you're logged in with a given SAML IdP, you cannot add another association for the same user with the same provider).\nIs there any python-social-auth solution for this, or should I cobble together something (for instance, preventing logged-in users from accessing the login page)?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":187,"Q_Id":48559911,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There's no standard way to do it in python-social-auth, there are a few alternatives:\n\nOverride the login page and if there's a user authenticated, then log them out first, or show an error, whatever fits your projects.\nAdd a pipeline function and set it in the top that will act if user is not None, you can raise an error, logout the user, etc.\nOverride the backend and extend the auth_allowed method in it return False if there's a valid user instance at self.strategy.request.user. This will halt the auth flow and AuthForbidden will be raised.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"django,python-social-auth","A_Id":48586214,"CreationDate":"2018-02-01T09:58:00.000","Title":"Python-social-auth: do not reassociate existing users","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Good evening, i have to work on a xml file, the problem is that the elements in the file ends with a different format than usual, for example:\n<1ELEMENT>\ntext\n<\\1ELEMENT>\nI use the function root=etree.parse('filepath'), and, by changing manually in the text out of the compiler the \\ in \/, the function works correctly.\nThe big problem is that i need to automate that replacing process and the only solution that i thinked about is importing the file as array make a replace \/ to \\ and build a new xml file;but it seems a little bit clunky.\nSumming up i need to know if exist a function to replace the terms i mentioned above before to use the root=etree.parse('filepath').","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":353,"Q_Id":48571060,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"You could \n\nload the file\ndo the replacement, e.g. \nstring_containing_modified_data = data_as_string.replace('\\\\>', '\/>')\nuse etree.fromstring(string_containing_modified_data) to parse the xml.\n\nIf possible, you should try to fix the writer, but I understand if you don't have the opportunity to do so.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,xml-parsing","A_Id":48571357,"CreationDate":"2018-02-01T20:18:00.000","Title":"(python) parsing xml file but the elements ends with \\","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Good evening, i have to work on a xml file, the problem is that the elements in the file ends with a different format than usual, for example:\n<1ELEMENT>\ntext\n<\\1ELEMENT>\nI use the function root=etree.parse('filepath'), and, by changing manually in the text out of the compiler the \\ in \/, the function works correctly.\nThe big problem is that i need to automate that replacing process and the only solution that i thinked about is importing the file as array make a replace \/ to \\ and build a new xml file;but it seems a little bit clunky.\nSumming up i need to know if exist a function to replace the terms i mentioned above before to use the root=etree.parse('filepath').","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":353,"Q_Id":48571060,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This isn't an XML file.\nGiven that the format of the file is garbage, are you sure the content isn't garbage too? I wouldn't want to work with data from such an untrustworthy source.\nIf you want to parse this data you will need to work out what rules it follows. If those rules are something fairly similar to XML rules then it might be that converting it to XML and then parsing the XML is a reasonable way to go about this; if not, you might be better off writing a parser from scratch.\nBut before you do so, try to persuade the people responsible for this nonsense of the benefits of conforming to standards.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml,xml-parsing","A_Id":48572589,"CreationDate":"2018-02-01T20:18:00.000","Title":"(python) parsing xml file but the elements ends with \\","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to scrape Facebook public page likes data using Python. My scraper uses the post number in order to scrape the likes data. However, some posts have more than 6000 likes and I can only scrape 6000 likes, also I have been told that this is due to Facebook restriction which doesn't allow to scrape more than 6000 per day. How can I continue scrape the likes for the post from the point the scraper stop scraping.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1695,"Q_Id":48577599,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"In tags I see facebook-graph-api, which has limitations. Why don't you use requrests + lxml? It would be such easier, and as you want to scrape public pages, you don't even have to login, so it could be easily solve.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,facebook-graph-api,scrape","A_Id":48578008,"CreationDate":"2018-02-02T07:19:00.000","Title":"scrape facebook likes with python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm coming from NetBeans and evaluating others and more flexible IDEs supporting more languages (i.e. Python) than just php and related.\nI kept an eye on Eclipse that seems to be the best choice; at the time I was not able to find an easy solution to keep the original project on my machine and automatically send \/ syncronize the files on the remove server via sftp.\nAll solutions seems to be outdated or stupid (like mounting a smb partition or manually send the file via an ftp client!\nI'm not going to believe that an IDE like Eclipse doesn't have a smart solution of what I consider a basic feature of an IDE, so I think I missed something... On Eclipse forums I've seen the same question asked lots of time but without any answer!\nSome suggestions about is strongly apreciated otherwise I think the only solution is stick on one IDE each language I use that seem to be incredible on 2018.\nI'm developing on MacOS and the most interesting solution (kDevelop) fails on building with MacPorts.\nThank you very much.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1140,"Q_Id":48599891,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"RSE is a very poor solution, as you noted it's a one-shot sync and is useless if you want to develop locally and only deploy occasionally. For many years I used the Aptana Studio suite of plugins which included excellent upload\/sync tools for individual files or whole projects, let you diff everything against a remote file structure over SFTP when you wanted and exclude whatever you wanted.\nUnfortunately, Aptana is no longer supported and causes some major problems in Eclipse Neon and later. Specifically, its editors are completely broken, and they override the native Eclipse editors, opening new windows that are blank with no title. However, it is still by far the best solution for casual SFTP deployment...there is literally nothing else even close. With some work it is possible to install Aptana and get use of its publishing tools while preventing it from destroying the rest of your workspace.\n\nInstall Aptana from the marketplace.\nGo to Window > Preferences > Install\/Update, then click \"Uninstall or update\".\nUninstall everything to do with Aptana except for Aptana Studio 3 Core and the Aptana SecureFTP Library inside that.\n\nThis gets rid of most, but not all of Aptana's editors, and the worst one is the HTML editor which creates a second HTML content type in Eclipse that cannot be removed and causes all kinds of chaos. But there is a workaround. \n\nExit Eclipse. Go into the eclipse\/plugins\/ directory and remove all plugins beginning with com.aptana.editor.* EXCEPT FOR THE FOLLOWING which seem to be required:\ncom.aptana.editor.common.override_1.0.0.1351531287.jar\ncom.aptana.editor.common_3.0.3.1400201987.jar\ncom.aptana.editor.diff_3.0.0.1365788962.jar\ncom.aptana.editor.dtd_3.0.0.1354746625.jar\ncom.aptana.editor.epl_3.0.0.1398883419.jar\ncom.aptana.editor.erb_3.0.3.1380237252.jar\ncom.aptana.editor.findbar_3.0.0.jar\ncom.aptana.editor.idl_3.0.0.1365788962.jar\ncom.aptana.editor.text_3.0.0.1339173764.jar\nGo back into Eclipse. Right-clicking a project folder should now expose a 'Publish' option that lets you run Aptana's deployment wizard and sync to a remote filesystem over SFTP.\n\nHope this helps...took me hours of trial and error, but finally everything works. For the record I am using Neon, not Oxygen, so I can't say definitively whether it will work in later versions.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"java,php,python,eclipse","A_Id":48876177,"CreationDate":"2018-02-03T17:13:00.000","Title":"Eclipse Oxygen: How to automatically upload php files on remote server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have the bulk of my web application in React (front-end) and Node (server), and am trying to use Python for certain computations. My intent is to send data from my Node application to a Python web service in JSON format, do the calculations in my Python web service, and send the data back to my Node application. \nFlask looks like a good option, but I do not intend to have any front-end usage for my Python web service. Would appreciate any thoughts on how to do this.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":415,"Q_Id":48600583,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In terms of thoughts:\n1) You can build a REST interface to your python code using Flask. Make REST calls from your nodejs. \n2) You have to decide if your client will wait synchronously for the result. If it takes a relatively long time you can use a web hook as a callback for the result.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,node.js,rest,api,web-services","A_Id":48600936,"CreationDate":"2018-02-03T18:27:00.000","Title":"Python web service with React\/Node Application","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to decide if I should use gevent or threading to implement concurrency for web scraping in python.\nMy program should be able to support a large (~1000) number of concurrent workers. Most of the time, the workers will be waiting for requests to come back.\nSome guiding questions:\nWhat exactly is the difference between a thread and a greenlet? What is the max number of threads \\ greenlets I should create in a single process (with regard to the spec of the server)?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1130,"Q_Id":48608845,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The python thread is the OS thread which controlled by the OS which means it's a lot heavier since it needs context switch, but the green thread is lightweight and since it's in userspace the OS does not create or manage them.\nI think you can use gevent, Gevent = eventloop(libev) + coroutine(greenlet) + monkey patch, Gevent give you threads but without using threads with that you can write normal code but have async IO.\nMake sure you don't have CPU bound stuff in your code.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,multithreading,concurrency,python-multithreading,gevent","A_Id":57702150,"CreationDate":"2018-02-04T14:02:00.000","Title":"Python Threading vs Gevent for High Volume Web Scraping","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I\u2019ve started working a lot with Flask SocketIO in Python with Eventlet and are looking for a solution to handle concurrent requests\/threading. I\u2019ve seen that it is possible with gevent, but how can I do it if I use eventlet?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2111,"Q_Id":48611425,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"The eventlet web server supports concurrency through greenlets, same as gevent. No need for you to do anything, concurrency is always enabled.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,socket.io,webserver,flask-socketio,eventlet","A_Id":48616158,"CreationDate":"2018-02-04T18:10:00.000","Title":"Handle concurrent requests or threading Flask SocketIO with eventlet","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have created simple test cases using selenium web driver in python. I want to log the execution of the test cases at different levels. How do I do it? Thanks in advance.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1240,"Q_Id":48617220,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I created library in python for logging info messages and screenshots in HTML file called selenium-logging\nThere is also video explanation of package on youtube (25s) called \"Python HTML logging\"","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":69818465,"CreationDate":"2018-02-05T06:53:00.000","Title":"Logging in selenium python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm having a little trouble figuring out if I should have an API for admins and for users splitted. So:\nAdmins should login using \/admin\/login with a POST request, and users just \/login.\nAdmins should access\/edit\/etc resources on \/admin\/resourceName and users just \/resourceName.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":40,"Q_Id":48646826,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You should only have one endpoint, not one for each type of user. What if you have moderators? Will you also create a \/mods\/login ?\nWhat each user should and shouldn't have access to should be sorted out with permissions.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rest,falconframework","A_Id":48646870,"CreationDate":"2018-02-06T15:46:00.000","Title":"Should I make an API for users and an API for admins?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i have the below error while running my code on amazon ec2 instance and when trying to import the h5py package i have permission denied error\nImportError: load_weights requires h5py","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":539,"Q_Id":48676037,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"just solve it using sudo pip install hypy.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,amazon-web-services,h5py","A_Id":48676038,"CreationDate":"2018-02-08T01:26:00.000","Title":"Import error requires h5py","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Need to extract specific data from grafana dashboard. Grafana is connected to graphite in the backend. Seems there is no API to make calls to grafana directly.\nAny help?\nEx: I need to extract AVG CPU value from graph of so and so server.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2210,"Q_Id":48683976,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The only way I found in grafana 7.1 was to:\n\nOpen the dashboard and then inspect the panel\nOpen the query tab and click on refresh\nUse the url and parameters on your own query to the api\n\nnote: First you need to create an API key in the UI with the proper role and add the bearer to the request headers","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python-3.x,graphite,grafana-api","A_Id":62026844,"CreationDate":"2018-02-08T11:04:00.000","Title":"How can we extract data from grafana dashboard?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My server in Python (Tornado) send a csv content on a GET request. \nI want to specify the content type of the response as \"text\/csv\", but when I do this the file is downlaoded when I send the GET request on my browser.\nHow can I specify the header \"Content-type : text\/csv\" without having making it a downlaodable file but just show the content on my browser ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":50,"Q_Id":48685070,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"The content-type header is what tells the browser how to display a given file. It doesn't know how to display text\/csv, so it has no choice but to treat it as an opaque download. If you want the file to be displayed as plain text, you need to tell the browser that it has content-type text\/plain. \nIf you need to tell other clients that the content type is text\/csv, you need some way to distinguish clients that understand that content type from those that do not. The best way to do this is with the Accept request header. Clients that understand CSV would send Accept: text\/csv in their request, and then the server would respond with content-type text\/plain or text\/csv depending on whether CSV appears in the accept header. \nUsing the Accept header may require modifications to the client, which may or may not be possible for you. If you can't update the clients to send the Accept header, then you'll have to use a hackier workaround. You can either use a different url (add ?type=plain or ?type=csv) or try to detect browsers based on their user agent.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,http,request,tornado","A_Id":48722882,"CreationDate":"2018-02-08T12:04:00.000","Title":"GET response - Do NOT send a downlaodable file","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have packages stored in s3 bucket. I need to read metadata file of each package and pass the metadata to program. I used boto3.resource('s3') to read these files in python. The code took few minutes to run. While if I use aws cli sync, it downloads these metafiles much faster than boto. My guess was that if I do not download and just read the meta files, it should be faster. But it isn't the case. Is it safe to say that aws cli is faster than using boto?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4228,"Q_Id":48692483,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's true that the AWS CLI uses boto, but the cli is not a thin wrapper, as you might expect.  When it comes to copying a tree of S3 data (which includes the multipart chunks behind a single large file), it is quite a lot of logic to make a wrapper that is as thorough and fast, and that does things like seamlessly pick up where a partial download has left off, or efficiently sync down only the changed data on the server.\nThe implementation in the awscli code is more thorough than anything in the Python or Java SDKs, as far as I have seen.  I've seen several developers who were too proud to call the CLI from their code, but zero thus far all such attempts I have seen have failed to measure up.  Love to see a counter example, though.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,boto,boto3","A_Id":63806918,"CreationDate":"2018-02-08T18:32:00.000","Title":"Is aws CLI faster than using boto3?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have some 1000 html pages. I need to update the names which is present at the footer of every html page. What is the best possible efficient way of updating these html pages instead of editing each name in those html pages one by one.\nEdit: Even if we use some sort of scripts, we have to make changes to every html file. One possible way could be using Editor function. Please share if anybody has any another way of doing it.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1154,"Q_Id":48697322,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can use domdocument and domxpath  to parse the html file(you can use php file_get_contents to read the file )\nit looks like  i can't post links","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"javascript,php,python,html,css","A_Id":60838059,"CreationDate":"2018-02-09T01:15:00.000","Title":"How to update static content in multiple HTML pages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm learning about basic back-end and server mechanics and how to connect it with the front end of an app. More specifically, I want to create a React Native app and connect it to a database using Python(simply because Python is easy to write and fast). From my research I've determined I'll need to make an API that communicates via HTTP with the server, then use the API with React Native. I'm still confused as to how the API works and how I can integrate it into my React Native front-end, or any front-end that's not Python-based for that matter.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6331,"Q_Id":48698110,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"You have to create a flask proxy, generate JSON endpoints then use fetch or axios to display this data in your react native app. You also have to be more specific next time.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,rest,http,react-native,server","A_Id":48718794,"CreationDate":"2018-02-09T03:04:00.000","Title":"How to create a Python API and use it with React Native?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have two instances. One is on the Public Subnet & the other is on the Private subnet of AWS. In the private system, I am performing some computation. And the public system is acting as the API endpoint.\nMy total flow idea is like this: When some request comes to the public server, the parameters should be forwarded to the private system, the computation will be done there and the result will be sent back to the public and from there the result will be fed back to the user.\nIn the private system, some python code is running. I did setup Apache-Flask in the private system. So the idea is when some requests are coming, from the public server the parameters will be extracted and another HTTP request will be fired to the private system. Computation will be done there and the response will return which will return to the client system.\nI have two question, Is this a good approach? Any better way to implement the total scenario?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":59,"Q_Id":48702061,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is a commonly used pattern when separating Web Servers and App Servers in traditional Web Application setup, keeping the Web Servers in public subnets (Or keeping internet accessible) and the business rules kept in App Servers in the private network.\nHowever, it also depends on the complexity of the system to justify the separation having multiple servers. One of the advantages of this approach is you can scale these servers separately.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,http,server","A_Id":48702358,"CreationDate":"2018-02-09T08:58:00.000","Title":"Best way for communicating between two servers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm working with splinter and Python and I'm trying to setup some automation and log into Twitter.com\nHaving trouble though...\nFor example the password field's \"name=session[password]\" on Twitter.com\/login\nand the username is similar. I'm not exactly sure of the syntax or what this means, something with a cookie...\nBut I'm trying to fill in this field with splinters:\nbrowser.fill('exampleName','exampleValue')\nIt isn't working... Just curious if there is a work around, or a way to fill in this form?\nThanks for any help!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":59,"Q_Id":48709350,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"What's the purpose of doing this rather than using the official API?\nScripted logins to Twitter.com are against the Terms of Service, and Twitter employs multiple techniques to detect and disallow them. Accounts showing signs of automated login of this kind are liable to suspension or requests for security re-verification.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,twitter,login,splinter","A_Id":48716354,"CreationDate":"2018-02-09T15:43:00.000","Title":"How to log into Twitter with Splinter Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to use websocket.WebSocketApp, however it's coming up with the error: module 'websocket' has no attribute 'WebSocketApp'\nI had a look at previous solutions for this, and tried to uninstall websocket, installed websocket-client and still comes up with the same error.\nMy File's name is MyWebSocket, so I don't think it has anything to do with that\ncan anyone help me please?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7871,"Q_Id":48730108,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Just installing websocket-client==1.2.0 is ok.\nI encountered this problem when I was using websocket-client==1.2.3","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,websocket,pip","A_Id":70608299,"CreationDate":"2018-02-11T09:32:00.000","Title":"AttributeError: module 'websocket' has no attribute 'WebSocketApp' pip","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can anyone of you help me with an automation task which involves connecting through rdp and automating certain task in a particular application which is stored in that server.\nI have found scripts for rdp connection and for Windows GUI automation seperately.\nBut in the integration, I have become a bit confused. \nIt will be great if anyone can help me with the python library name :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1322,"Q_Id":48764814,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"It is not possible to automate a RDP window using pywinauto as RDP window itself is an image of a desktop. Printing control identifiers of the RDP window gives the UI of the screen. \nSolution is to install python+pywinauto in the remote machine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,user-interface,rdp,pywinauto","A_Id":49934460,"CreationDate":"2018-02-13T10:40:00.000","Title":"GUI Automation in RDP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a python project with Selenium that I was working on a year ago. When I came back to work on it and tried to run it I get the error ImportError: No module named selenium. I then ran pip install selenium inside the project which gave me Requirement already satisfied: selenium in some\/local\/path. How can I make my project compiler (is that the right terminology?) see my project dependencies?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":141,"Q_Id":48766723,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is it possible that you're using e.g. Python 3 for your project, and selenium is installed for e.g. Python 2?\nIf that is the case, try pip3 install selenium","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,import","A_Id":48767767,"CreationDate":"2018-02-13T12:20:00.000","Title":"Import error \"No module named selenium\" when returning to Python project","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I got this error in in Python3.6 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'oauth2client.client',i tried pip3.6 install --upgrade google-api-python-client,But I don't know how to fix\nPlease tell me how to fix,\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.761594156,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7084,"Q_Id":48780634,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"Use below code, this worked for me:\npip3 install --upgrade oauth2client","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x","A_Id":52187177,"CreationDate":"2018-02-14T06:04:00.000","Title":"ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'oauth2client.client'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am developing a desktop application that must send a specified url to a Flask application hosted online, and subsequently receive data from the same Flask app. 2 applications communicating back & forth. I am able to make GET and POST requests to this Flask app, but I am unaware of how to construct specific URL's which include arguments for the Flask app to receive via request.args.get()\nThus far my ability hasn't been entirely erroneous. I can send a request GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\\nHost : \\r\\n which in turn receives something like b'HTTP\/1.0 200 OK\\r\\n'\nWhich is well and good, I got the encoding part down.\nBeyond this I am at a loss as the Flask view function needs to acquire an argument arg from a specific url -\n something like myFlaskApp.com\/viewfunction?h=arg\nWhat would be an at least decent form if not a minimal \/ pragmatic way of practicing this kind of communication? I haven't much code to show for this one; I would like to leave any stratagem open for debate. I hope you can understand. Thank you!\nP.S. +<3 if you also show me how to receive and decode the Flask server's view function return value on my app client. Assumed to be an arbitrary string.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":113,"Q_Id":48795392,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If your HTTP client is written in python the simplest solution would be to use a higher level HTTP library like requests or urllib2. If you want to get the path mappings against your Flask app views you could print them by introspecting the app object and export them to json or some other format and use them in your client.\nIn your sockets example just use GET \/?arg=value HTTP\/1.1\\nHost : \\r\\n.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,flask","A_Id":48795531,"CreationDate":"2018-02-14T20:09:00.000","Title":"Python - Using socket to construct URL for external Flask server's view function","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to use the Select function in Selenium for Python 3 to help with navigating through the drop down boxes. However, when I try to import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select I get an error message:\n\"No module named 'org'\"\nWould appreciate any help on this. I saw there was a similar question posted a few weeks ago but the link to that question is now broken. Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5709,"Q_Id":48812910,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"The path 'org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select' is a Java descriptor. In Python, make sure you have the Python Selenium module installed with pip install selenium, and then import it with import selenium.\nFor the Select function specifically, you can import that with the following\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select\nThen you'll be able to use it like this:\nselect = Select(b.find_element_by_id(....))","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":48813013,"CreationDate":"2018-02-15T17:20:00.000","Title":"Selenium \/ Python - No module named 'org'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I made server using python on laptop. And I made client using Java on samelaptop. They were connected, and They were communicated.\nBut when I made client using Java on another laptop, client didn't find server \nWhat is wrong?? and What could I do??","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":27,"Q_Id":48852421,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"On the laptop running the server:\nThe client can access using localhost:<port> or 0.0.0.0:<port> \nConnecting from another laptop (same network):\nYou have to connect to: <pc-server-local-ip>:<port> \nTo get <pc-server-local-ip, using the laptop running your server:\n- Windows : type ipconfig in console, value next to IPV4\n- Linux \/ Mac : type ifconfig in console, value next to inet","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,server,client","A_Id":48852566,"CreationDate":"2018-02-18T13:52:00.000","Title":"python server and java client(another PC) Error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In order to test our server we designed a test that sends a lot of requests with JSON payload and compares the response it gets back. \nI'm currently trying to find a way to optimize the process by using multi threads to do so. I didn't find any solution for the problem that I'm facing though. \nI have a url address and a bunch of JSON files (these files hold the requests, and for each request file there is an 'expected response' JSON to compare the response to).\nI would like to use multi threading to send all these requests and still be able to match the response that I get back to the request I sent. \nAny ideas?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":177,"Q_Id":48880508,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well, you have couple of options:\n\nUse multiprocessing.pool.ThreadPool (Python 2.7) where you create pool of threads and then use them for dispatching requests. map_async may be of interest here if you want to make async requests,\nUse concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor (Python 3) with similar way of working with ThreadPool pool and yet it is used for asynchronously executing callables,\nYou even have option of using multiprocessing.Pool, but I'm not sure if that will give you any benefit since everything you will be doing is I\/O bound, so threads should do just fine,\nYou can make asynchronous requests with Twisted or asyncio but that may require a bit more learning if you are not accustomed to asynchronous programming.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,python-2.7,asynchronous","A_Id":48881300,"CreationDate":"2018-02-20T08:13:00.000","Title":"using threading for multiple requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We are currently trying to process user input and checking if user has entered a food item using elastic search.\nWith elastic search we are able to get results for wide range of terms: Garlic , Garlic Extract etc...\nHow should we handle use cases E.g. Blueberry Dish-washing soap  Or Apple based liquid soap . How do we omit these searches ? \nAs I search Blueberry Dish-washing soap I still get search results related to Blueberry","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":35,"Q_Id":48891679,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Your objective requires that you perform part of speech tagging on your query, and then use those tags to identify nouns.\nYou would then need to compare the extracted nouns to a pre-curated list of food strings and, after identifying those that are not food, remove the clauses of which those nouns are the subject and \/or the phrases of which they are the object.\nThis functionality is not built into elasticsearch. Depending on what language you are processing your queries with, there are various libraries for part of speech tagging and string manipulation.\nUpdated answer:\nJust read through this and realized this answer isn't very good. The best way to solve this problem is with document\/phrase vectorization. Vectorized properly, you should be able to encode the noun phrases 'Blueberry' and 'Blueberry dishwashing soap' as very different vectors, and then you can take all sorts of approaches as far as inferring classifications from those vectors.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,elasticsearch,nlp","A_Id":48898306,"CreationDate":"2018-02-20T18:11:00.000","Title":"How to filter out elastic searches for invalid inputs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What is the current best practice and method of loading a webpage (that has 10 - 15 seconds worth of server side script). \n\nUser clicks a link > server side runs > html page is returned (blank\npage for 10 - 15 seconds).\nUser clicks a link > html page is immediately returned (with progress\nbar) > AJAX post request to the server side > complete script > return result to\nhtml.\nOther options (threading?)\n\nI am running Google App Engine (Python) Standard Environment.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":48896407,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Best Practice would be for the the script to not take 10-15 seconds. \nWhat is your script doing? Is it generating something that you can pre-compute and cache or save in Google Cloud Storage?\nIf you're daisy-chaining datastore queries together, is there something you can do to make them happen async in tandem?\nIf it really has to take 10-15 seconds, then I'd say option 2 is must:\n\nUser clicks a link > html page is immediately returned (with progress bar) > AJAX post request to the server side > complete script > return result to html.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,ajax,google-app-engine","A_Id":48897992,"CreationDate":"2018-02-21T00:27:00.000","Title":"Best practice for loading webpage with long server side script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"What is the current best practice and method of loading a webpage (that has 10 - 15 seconds worth of server side script). \n\nUser clicks a link > server side runs > html page is returned (blank\npage for 10 - 15 seconds).\nUser clicks a link > html page is immediately returned (with progress\nbar) > AJAX post request to the server side > complete script > return result to\nhtml.\nOther options (threading?)\n\nI am running Google App Engine (Python) Standard Environment.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":48896407,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The way we're doing it is using the Ajax approach (the second one) which is what everyone else does.\nYou can use Task Queues to run your scripts asynchronously and return the result to front end using FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging).\nYou should also try to break the script into multiple task queues to make it run faster.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,ajax,google-app-engine","A_Id":48899196,"CreationDate":"2018-02-21T00:27:00.000","Title":"Best practice for loading webpage with long server side script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Right now, I am generating the Allure Report through the terminal by running the command: allure serve {folder that contains the json files}, but with this way the HTML report will only be available to my local because\n\n\nThe json files that generated the report are in my computer\nI ran the command through the terminal (if i kill the terminal, the report is gone) \n\n\nI have tried: Saving the Allure Report as Webpage, Complete, but the results did not reflect to the page, all i was seeing was blank fields. \nSo, what im trying to to do is after I execute the command to generate the report, I want to have an html file of the report that i can store, save to my computer or send through email, so i do not have to execute the command to see the previous reports. (as much as possible into 1 html file)","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":10030,"Q_Id":48914528,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"It's doesn't work because allure report as you seen is not a simple Webpage, you could not save it and send as file to you team. It's a local Jetty server instance, serves generated report and then you can open it in the browser.\nHere for your needs some solutions:\n\nOne server(your local PC, remote or some CI environment), where you can generate report and share this for you team. (server should be running alltime)\nShare allure report folder as files({folder that contains the json files}) to teammates, setup them allure tool, and run command allure server on them local(which one).\n\nHope, it helps.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,automation,frameworks,allure","A_Id":48926889,"CreationDate":"2018-02-21T20:04:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to export Allure Report to a single html file? To share with the team","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Right now, I am generating the Allure Report through the terminal by running the command: allure serve {folder that contains the json files}, but with this way the HTML report will only be available to my local because\n\n\nThe json files that generated the report are in my computer\nI ran the command through the terminal (if i kill the terminal, the report is gone) \n\n\nI have tried: Saving the Allure Report as Webpage, Complete, but the results did not reflect to the page, all i was seeing was blank fields. \nSo, what im trying to to do is after I execute the command to generate the report, I want to have an html file of the report that i can store, save to my computer or send through email, so i do not have to execute the command to see the previous reports. (as much as possible into 1 html file)","AnswerCount":6,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":10030,"Q_Id":48914528,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Allure report generates html in temp folder after execution and you can upload it to one of the server like netlify and it will generate an url to share.","Q_Score":7,"Tags":"python,automation,frameworks,allure","A_Id":63722118,"CreationDate":"2018-02-21T20:04:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to export Allure Report to a single html file? To share with the team","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am basically running my personal project,but i'm stuck in some point.I am trying to make a login request to hulu.com using Python's request module but the problem is hulu needs a cookie and a CSRF token.When I inspected the request with HTTP Debugger it shows me the action URL and some request headers.But the cookie and the CSRF token was already there.But how to can do that with request module? I mean getting the cookies and the CSRF token before the post request? Any ideas?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":882,"Q_Id":48940807,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First create a session then use GET and use session.cookies.get_dict() it will return a dict and it should have appropriate values you need","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,post,cookies,request","A_Id":48940818,"CreationDate":"2018-02-23T03:48:00.000","Title":"How to get cookies before making request in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am creating a REST API. Basic idea is to send data to a server and the server gives me some other corresponding data in return. I want to implement this with SSL. I need to have an encrypted connection between client and server. Which is the best REST framework in python to achieve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":6205,"Q_Id":48942393,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"You can choose any framework to develop your API, if you want SSL on your API endpoints you need to setup SSL with the Web server that is hosting your application\nYou can obtain a free SSL cert using Let's encrypt. You will however need a domain in order to be able to get a valid SSL certificate.\nSSL connection between client and server does not depend on the framework you choose. Web Servers like Apache HTTPD and Nginx act as the public facing reverse proxy to your python web application. Configuring SSL with your webserver will give you encrypted communication between client and server","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,rest,django-rest-framework,flask-restful,falcon","A_Id":48942911,"CreationDate":"2018-02-23T06:32:00.000","Title":"REST API in Python over SSL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically, I want to use python to query my IB order history and do some analyze afterwards. But I could not find any existing API for me to query these data, does anyone have experience to do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4976,"Q_Id":48942917,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"You have to use flex queries for that purpose. It has full transaction history including trades, open positions, net asset value history and exchange rates.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,api,interactive-brokers","A_Id":51470089,"CreationDate":"2018-02-23T07:13:00.000","Title":"Interactive brokers: How to retrieve transaction history records?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Basically, I want to use python to query my IB order history and do some analyze afterwards. But I could not find any existing API for me to query these data, does anyone have experience to do this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":4976,"Q_Id":48942917,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"TWS API doesn't have this functionality. You can't retreive order history, but you can get open orders using  recOpenOrders request and  capture executions in  realtime by listening to execDetails event - just write them to a file and analyse  aftewards.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,api,interactive-brokers","A_Id":49012298,"CreationDate":"2018-02-23T07:13:00.000","Title":"Interactive brokers: How to retrieve transaction history records?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hi i am new to GRPC and i want to send one message from server to client first. I understood how to implement client sending a message and getting response from server. But i wanna try how server could initiate a message to connected clients. How could i do that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":325,"Q_Id":48969107,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Short answer: you can't\ngRPC is a request-response framework based on HTTP2. Just as you cannot make a website that initiates a connection to a browser, you cannot make a gRPC service initiating a connection to the client. How would the service even know who to talk to?\nA solution could be to open a gRPC server on the client. This way both the client and the server can accept connections from one another.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,grpc","A_Id":49018750,"CreationDate":"2018-02-25T00:38:00.000","Title":"How to let server send the message first in GRPC using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was working with Pyrebase( python library for firebase) and was trying .stream() method but when I saw my firebase dashboard it showed 100 connection limit reached. Is there any way to remove those concurrent connection?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":399,"Q_Id":48973464,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is a limit of 100 concurrent connections to the database for Firebase projects that are on the free Spark plan. To raise the limit, upgrade your project to a paid plan.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,rest,firebase,firebase-realtime-database","A_Id":48975506,"CreationDate":"2018-02-25T12:34:00.000","Title":"Firebase connection limit reached","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using a python gRPC client and make request to a service that \nresponds a stream. Last checked the document says the iterator.next()\nis sync and blocking. Have things changed now ? If not any ideas on overcoming this shortcoming ?\nThanks\nArvind","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1426,"Q_Id":48979972,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Things have not changed; as of 2018-03 the response iterator is still blocking.\nWe're currently scoping out remedies that may be ready later this year, but for the time being, calling next(response_iterator) is only way to draw RPC responses.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,grpc","A_Id":49501641,"CreationDate":"2018-02-26T00:34:00.000","Title":"Is grpc server response streaming still blocking?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Does someone have a solution for detecting and mitigating TCP SYN Flood attacks in the SDN environment based on POX controller?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":613,"Q_Id":49003874,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As my understand, you may need to prepare third-party program for collect flow information (e.g. sFlow). and write one program for communicating with SDN Controller. SDN Controller cover all traffic on switches. It don't handle over L4 event in general case","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sdn,pox","A_Id":49146800,"CreationDate":"2018-02-27T08:05:00.000","Title":"Python Code to detect and mitigate TCP SYN Flood attacks in SDN and POX controller","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to use Lyft Driver api like in the Mystro android app however iv searched everywhere and all I could find is lyft api.\nTo elaborate more on what I'm trying to achieve, I want api that will allow me to intergrate with the lyft driver app and not the lyft rider app, I want to be able to for example view nearby ride requests as a driver.\nThe Mystro android app has this feature, how is it done","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":249,"Q_Id":49011180,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The Mystro app does not have any affiliation with either Uber or Lyft nor do they use their APIs to interact with a driver (as neither Uber or Lyft have a publicly accessible driver API like this).  They use an Android Accessibility \"feature\" that let's the phone look into and interact with other apps you have running.\nSo basically Mystro uses this accessibility feature (Google has since condemned the use of the accessibility feature like this) to interact with the Uber and Lyft app on the driver's behalf.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"android,python,ios,node.js,lyft-api","A_Id":52992307,"CreationDate":"2018-02-27T14:36:00.000","Title":"How do I use Lyft driver API like Mystro android app?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Both an existing raspberry pi 3 assistant-sdk setup and a freshly created one are producing identical errors at all times idle or otherwise.  The lines below are repeating over and do not seem to be affected by the state of the assistant.  Replicates across multiple developer accounts, devices and projects.  Present with both the stock hotword example and modified scripts that worked previously.  All cases are library assistant and python 3 on raspberry pi 3 model B running raspbian stretch.\n\n[9780:9796:ERROR:assistant_ssdp_client.cc(210)] Failed to parse\n  header: LOCATION: about:blank\n[9780:9796:ERROR:assistant_ssdp_client.cc(76)] LOCATION header doesn't\n  contain a valid url","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":126,"Q_Id":49041313,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This fixed it for me: pip3 install google-assistant-library==0.1.0","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,raspberry-pi,raspberry-pi3,google-assistant-sdk","A_Id":49223023,"CreationDate":"2018-03-01T01:33:00.000","Title":"Assistant SDK on raspberry pi 3 throwing repeated location header errors","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"At the moment i am working on an odoo project and i have a kanban view. My question is how do i put a kanban element to the bottom via xml or python. Is there an index for the elements or something like that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":63,"Q_Id":49046224,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I solved it myself. I just added _order = 'finished asc' to the class. finished is a record of type Boolean and tells me if the Task is finished or not.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,odoo-8,odoo","A_Id":49046718,"CreationDate":"2018-03-01T09:10:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to put a kanban element to the bottom in odoo","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm just starting with Selenium in python, and I have set up an ActionChains object and perform()ed a context click. How do I tell whether a context menu of any sort has actually popped up? For example, can I use the return value in some way?\nThe reason is that I want to disable the context menu in some cases, and want to test if this has actually been done.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":155,"Q_Id":49058060,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Selenium cannot see or interact with native context menus.\nI recommend testing this in a JavaScript unit test, where you can assert that event.preventDefault() was called. It's arguably too simple\/minor of a behavior to justify the expense of a Selenium test anyway.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,contextmenu","A_Id":49062808,"CreationDate":"2018-03-01T20:20:00.000","Title":"Selenium: how to check if context menu has appeared","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I would like to use ActionChains function of Selenium.\nBelow is like my codes. But It does not work when it opens right click menu.\nThe ARROW_DOWN and ENTER are implemented in main window not, right click menu.\nHow can the ARROW_DOWN and ENTER code be implemented in right click menu.\nBrower = webdriver.Chrome()\nactionChain = ActionChains(Browser)\nactionChain.context_click(myselect[0]).send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).send_keys(Keys.ENTER).perform()","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":913,"Q_Id":49063955,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Selenium cannot see or interact with native context menus.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x","A_Id":49070495,"CreationDate":"2018-03-02T06:38:00.000","Title":"(Python Selenium with Chrome) How to click in the right click menu list","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"as the title said, i'm looking for a way to send an AT command to a remote xbee and read the response.\nmy code is in python and i'm using digi-xbee library.\nanother question: my goal of using AT command is to get the node ID of that remote xbee device when this last one send me a message, i don't want to do a full scan of the network, i just want to get its node id and obviously the node id doens't come within the frame. so i had to send to it an AT command so he send me back its node ID. if you have any suggestions that may help, please tell me, i'm open to any helpful idea.\nPS. i tried to use read_device_info() within the callback function that launch when a data received but it didn't work. it works outside the function but inside no!\nthanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":777,"Q_Id":49088925,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is a way to send a command to a remoted xbee: First, connect to the local XBee and then send a command to the local Xbee so the local Xbee can send a remote_command to the remoted XBee.\nHere are the details:\n\nCreate a bytearray of the command. For e.g: \n\nMy command is: 7E 00 10 17 01 00 13 A2 00 41 47 XX XX FF FE 02 50 32 05 C5, generated using XCTU. It is a remote AT command to set the pin DIO12 of the remoted XBee to digital out, high [5]. Create a raw bytearray of it.\n\nraw = bytearray([0x7E,0x00,0x10,0x17,0x01,0x00,0x13,0xA2,0x00,0x41,0x47,0xXX,0xXX,\n                     0xFF,0xFE,0x02,0x50,0x32,0x05,0xC5])\n\n\nCreate a packet: using from digi.xbee.packets.common import RemoteATCommandPacket\n\n\nATpacket = RemoteATCommandPacket.create_packet(raw, OperatingMode.API_MODE)\n\n\nSend the packet to the local XBee:\n\n\ndevice.send_packet(ATpacket)\n\nBonus: A more simple way to create a packet:\n\nATpacket = RemoteATCommandPacket(1,XBee16BitAddress.from_hex_string(\"0013A2004147XXXX\"),XBee16BitAddress.from_hex_string(\"FFFE\"),2,\"P2\",bytearray([0x05]))","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xbee","A_Id":52888170,"CreationDate":"2018-03-03T20:31:00.000","Title":"how to send remote AT command to xbee device using python digi-xbee library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"as the title said, i'm looking for a way to send an AT command to a remote xbee and read the response.\nmy code is in python and i'm using digi-xbee library.\nanother question: my goal of using AT command is to get the node ID of that remote xbee device when this last one send me a message, i don't want to do a full scan of the network, i just want to get its node id and obviously the node id doens't come within the frame. so i had to send to it an AT command so he send me back its node ID. if you have any suggestions that may help, please tell me, i'm open to any helpful idea.\nPS. i tried to use read_device_info() within the callback function that launch when a data received but it didn't work. it works outside the function but inside no!\nthanks in advance","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":777,"Q_Id":49088925,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"when you recive a message you get an xbee_message object, first you must define a data receive callback function and add it to device . In that message you call remote_device_get_64bit_addr().","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xbee","A_Id":49214426,"CreationDate":"2018-03-03T20:31:00.000","Title":"how to send remote AT command to xbee device using python digi-xbee library","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We are trying to convert a gRPC protobuf message to finally be a json format object for processing in python. \nThe data sent across from server in serialized format is around 35MB and there is around 15K records. But when we convert protobuf message into string (using MessageToString) it is around 135 MB and when we convert protobuf message into a JSON string (using MessageToJson) it is around 140MB. But the time taken for conversion is around 5 minutes for each. It does not add any value wherein we take so much time to convert data on the client side. \nAny thoughts or suggestion or caveats that we are missing would be helpful. Thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1175,"Q_Id":49091459,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Fixed the issue by only picking the fields that is needed when deserializing the data, rather than deserialize all the data returned from the server.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,protocol-buffers,grpc","A_Id":50177889,"CreationDate":"2018-03-04T02:49:00.000","Title":"Converting gRPC protobuf message to json runs for long","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to share my local WebSocket on the internet but ngrok only support HTTP but my ws.py address is ws:\/\/localhost:8000\/\nit is good working on localhost buy is not know how to use this on the internet?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2555,"Q_Id":49129451,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use ngrok http 8000 to access it. It will work. Although, ws is altogether a different protocol than http but ngrok handles it internally.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,websocket,localhost,ngrok,serve","A_Id":52701751,"CreationDate":"2018-03-06T11:12:00.000","Title":"how to use ws(websocket) via ngrok","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to put jpg in dropzone from other window.\nCan I do that?\nIn my test I open new window (my html with jpg) and I want to drag and drop it to dropzone on my main window.\nI have error:\nMessage: stale element reference: element is not attached to the page document.\nMaybe there is another solution for placing this file eg from a disk?\nI've tried several ways, including loading from a file from the disk and sending it using send keys.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":87,"Q_Id":49148607,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I solved the problem by creating a script in AutoIT.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,drag-and-drop,webdriver","A_Id":49151725,"CreationDate":"2018-03-07T09:40:00.000","Title":"Can i use drag and drop from other window? Python Selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I have a query as to whether what I want to achieve is doable, and if so, perhaps someone could give me some advice on how to achieve this.\nSo I have set up a health check on Route 53 for my server, and I have arranged so that if the health check fails, the user will be redirected to a static website I have set up at a backup site.\nI also have a web scraper running regularly collecting data, and my question is, would their be a way to use the data I have collected, and depending on its value, either pass or fail the heath check, therefore determining what site the user would be diverted to.\nI have discussed with AWS support and they have said that their policies and conditions are there by design, and long story short would not support what I am trying to achieve.\nI'm a pretty novice programmer so I'm not sure if it's possible to work this, but this is my final hurdle so any advice or help would be hugely appreciated.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":42,"Q_Id":49198057,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Make up a filename.  Let's say healthy.txt. \nPut that file on your web server, in the HTML root.  It doesn't really matter what's in the file.\nVerify that if you go to your site and try to download it using a web browser, it works.\nConfigure the Route 53 health check as HTTP and set the Path for the check to use \/healthy.txt.\n\nTo make your server \"unhealthy,\" just delete the file.  The Route 53 health checker will get a 404 error -- unhealthy.\nTo make the server \"healthy\" again, just re-create the file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-route53,health-monitoring","A_Id":49201020,"CreationDate":"2018-03-09T16:24:00.000","Title":"Intentionally Fail Health Check using Route 53 AWS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In the docs for heapq, its written that\n\nheapq.heappushpop(heap, item)\n\nPush item on the heap, then pop and return the smallest item from the heap. The combined action runs more efficiently than heappush() followed by a separate call to heappop().\n\n\nWhy is it more efficient? \nAlso is it considerably more efficient ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":963,"Q_Id":49228574,"Users Score":4,"Answer":"heappop is pop out the first element, then move the last element to fill the in the first place, then do a sinking operation, which moving the the element down through consecutive exchange. thus restore the head\nit is O(logn)\nthen you headpush, place the element in the last place, and bubble-up \nlike heappop but reverse\nanother O(logn) \nwhile heappushpop, pop out the first element, instead of moving the last element to the top, it place the new element in the top, then do a sinking motion. which is almost the same operation with heappop.\njust one O(logn) \n\nas above even though they are both O(logn), it is easier to see heappushpop is faster than heappop then heappush.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,heap","A_Id":49232244,"CreationDate":"2018-03-12T05:21:00.000","Title":"How is heapq.heappushpop more efficient than heappop and heappush in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In the docs for heapq, its written that\n\nheapq.heappushpop(heap, item)\n\nPush item on the heap, then pop and return the smallest item from the heap. The combined action runs more efficiently than heappush() followed by a separate call to heappop().\n\n\nWhy is it more efficient? \nAlso is it considerably more efficient ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":963,"Q_Id":49228574,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"heappushpop pushes an element and then pops the smallest elem. If the elem you're pushing is smaller than the heap's minimum, then there's no need to do any operations., because we know that the element we're trying to push (which is smaller than the heap min), will be popped if we do it in two operations.\nThis is efficient, isn't it?","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,heap","A_Id":57665038,"CreationDate":"2018-03-12T05:21:00.000","Title":"How is heapq.heappushpop more efficient than heappop and heappush in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have required to send POS Receipt to customer while validating POS order, the challenge is ticket is defined in point_of_sale\/xml\/pos.xml \nreceipt name is <t t-name=\"PosTicket\"> \nhow can i send this via email to customer.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":205,"Q_Id":49235894,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can create a wizard at the time of validation of POS order which popup after validating order. In that popup enter mail id of customer and by submit that receipt is directly forwarded to that customer.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,odoo,point-of-sale,odoo-11","A_Id":52870087,"CreationDate":"2018-03-12T12:59:00.000","Title":"Send POS Receipt Email to Customer While Validating POS Order","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am playing around with scapy (module for Python). I want to build packages and send them across my local network from one host to another. When I buil my package like that, I do not receive anything on my destination host:\npacket = Ether() \/ IP(dst='192.168.0.6') \/ TCP(dport=8000) => sendp(packet).\nHowever, when I build it like that it works: packet = IP(dst='192.168.0.6') \/ TCP(dport=8000), send(packet).\nI capture the packages on my destination host with the help of wireshark.\nWhy doesn't the Ethernet-Variant work? I have all my PCs connected with ethernet cables...\nThanks for help!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":404,"Q_Id":49243269,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"send() uses Scapy's routing table (which is copied from the host's routing table when Scapy is started), while sendp() uses the provided interface, or conf.iface when no value is specified.\nSo you should either set conf.iface = [iface] ([iface] being the interface you want to use), or specify sendp([...], iface=[iface]).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,wireshark,scapy","A_Id":49250191,"CreationDate":"2018-03-12T19:41:00.000","Title":"Can't send ethernet packages across my LAN","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to click on an element but getting the error:\nElement is not clickable at point (x,y.5)\nbecause another element obscures it. \nI have already tried moving to that element first and then clicking and also changing the co-ordinates by minimizing the window and then clicking, but both methods failed. The possible duplicate question has answers which I have already tried and none of them worked for me.\nAlso, the same code is working on a different PC. \nHow to resolve it?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":15329,"Q_Id":49252880,"Users Score":-2,"Answer":"I found that sometimes the webpage is not fully loaded and the answer is as simple as adding a time.sleep(2)","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":68574224,"CreationDate":"2018-03-13T09:46:00.000","Title":"Element is not clickable at point (x,y.5) because another element obscures it","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to click on an element but getting the error:\nElement is not clickable at point (x,y.5)\nbecause another element obscures it. \nI have already tried moving to that element first and then clicking and also changing the co-ordinates by minimizing the window and then clicking, but both methods failed. The possible duplicate question has answers which I have already tried and none of them worked for me.\nAlso, the same code is working on a different PC. \nHow to resolve it?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":15329,"Q_Id":49252880,"Users Score":11,"Answer":"There is possibly one thing you can do. It is very crude though, I'll admit it straight away.\nYou can simulate a click on the element directly preceding the element in need, and then simulate a key press [TAB] and [ENTER].\n\nActually, I've been seeing that error recently. I was using the usual .click() command provided by bare selenium - like driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).click().\nI've found that using ActionChains solved that problem.\nSomething like ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(element).click().perform() worked for me.\nYou will need:\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver","A_Id":49261182,"CreationDate":"2018-03-13T09:46:00.000","Title":"Element is not clickable at point (x,y.5) because another element obscures it","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I develop HTTP GET Webservices (REST) in a distributed microservices architecture.\nFor performance issues, I need the cache on the clients of the webservices.\nIs there an urllib-like library that uses HTTP cache headers of the webservices to cache?\nNote: requests-cache does not seem to read http headers","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":13,"Q_Id":49273441,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Why we need to cache the HTTP headers?\nNormally, only GET responses are valuable to be cached on the client.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,rest,web-services,urllib,microservices","A_Id":49355304,"CreationDate":"2018-03-14T09:02:00.000","Title":"urllib-like library that caches accordingly to HTTP headers in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a remote cron job that scrapes data using selenium every 30 minutes. Roughly 1 in 10 times the selenium script fails. When the script fails, I get an error output instead (various selenium error messages). Does this cause the cron job to stop? Shouldn't crontab try to run the script again in 30 minutes?\nAfter a failed attempt, when I type crontab -l, it still shows my cron job. \nHow do I ensure that the crontab tries again in 30 minutes?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":306,"Q_Id":49283567,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"ANSWER: The website I was scraping was sophisticated enough to find out I was using selenium because cron was running the job every 30 minutes on the dot. So they flagged my VM's IP address after the 4-5th attempt. \nMy solution was simple: add randomness to the interval with which I scrapped the website using random.uniform and time.sleep - now I have no issues scraping.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,selenium,cron","A_Id":49321214,"CreationDate":"2018-03-14T16:56:00.000","Title":"Does cron job persist\/run again if the python script fails?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a remote cron job that scrapes data using selenium every 30 minutes. Roughly 1 in 10 times the selenium script fails. When the script fails, I get an error output instead (various selenium error messages). Does this cause the cron job to stop? Shouldn't crontab try to run the script again in 30 minutes?\nAfter a failed attempt, when I type crontab -l, it still shows my cron job. \nHow do I ensure that the crontab tries again in 30 minutes?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":306,"Q_Id":49283567,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Who is sending the error output?  If it's the cron daemon, then your job should be dead; if the selenium process itself is sending the mail, then it may still be running, and stuck.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,selenium,cron","A_Id":49287487,"CreationDate":"2018-03-14T16:56:00.000","Title":"Does cron job persist\/run again if the python script fails?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"lets say i have used with selenium\nchrome_options.add_argument(\"--headless\")\nbut now i want the browser to open. Is this possible? thanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51,"Q_Id":49290655,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"No, it isn\u2019t possible.\nThe --headless option is a command-line flag used to instantiate the browser, meaning it is being told to execute headlessly for the entirety of its existence.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":49301624,"CreationDate":"2018-03-15T02:31:00.000","Title":"How to open headless browser in selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"During the installation of exchangelib the installation tries to connect to the internet to get dependencies.\nOn this computer it is not possible to to open the firewalls to provide the access - it is a very restricted system.\nIs there a way for an offline installation of the exchangelib?\nBest Regards \nKlaus Heubisch","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":224,"Q_Id":49293207,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You have a couple of different possibilities. I think the most simple one is to create a virtualenv on a system that does have Internet access and install exchangelib and its dependencies there. You can then copy that virtualenv to the system with no Internet access.\nVirtualenvs contain absolute paths, so you would need to either copy it to the same path on the other server, or make the virtualenv relocatable.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,exchange-server,exchangelib","A_Id":49296477,"CreationDate":"2018-03-15T06:54:00.000","Title":"I cannot install exchangelib on a very restricted system which has no internet connection and it is not possible to create one","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying test my python script using jenkins.Issue I am facing is with the test report generation\nI have created a folder 'test_reports' in my jenkins workspace.\nC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Jenkins\\jobs\\PythonTest\\test_reports\nBut then when I run the script from jenkins I get the error as,\nERROR: Step \u2018Publish JUnit test result report\u2019 failed: No test report files were found. Configuration error?\nHow do I actually configure the test report? Is the xml file generated automatically?\nAny help would be greatly appreciated","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":648,"Q_Id":49361114,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This was an expected result because,The script file I wrote was not a unit-test module.It was just a normal python file(It wasn't supposed to create any XML results).\nOnce I created the script using unit-test framework and import the xml runner,I was able to generate the xml files of the result.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,testing,jenkins,report","A_Id":49377372,"CreationDate":"2018-03-19T10:49:00.000","Title":"How to configure xml Report in jenkins","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to pull invoices by Accounts and have not managed to find a way to link the two. Am I missing something? \nI tried through Contacts but it doesn't seem to have an Account or Account ID to match\nI am using Pyxero for this, however this doesn't seem relevant, more so the data from xero api.\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":127,"Q_Id":49382835,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've figured it out - these details only appear when pulling an invoice one by one or paginated in the line items column.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xero-api","A_Id":49387718,"CreationDate":"2018-03-20T11:18:00.000","Title":"Xero Api matching Accounts with Invoices","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Good day. I have a question about proceeding accepted connections. I have a pythons tornado IOLoop and listening socket. When a new client is connected and this connection is accepted by tornado handler client - interaction begins. That interaction includes multiple requests\/responses, so there is a reason to poll accepted socket for available bytes. How to do polling the correct way? The direct way is to use epoll\/select, but this is like reinventing IOLoop. But is this correct to create IOLoop for each new connection?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":120,"Q_Id":49390862,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've searched how \"torando.web\" does it. It works with default IOLoop instance and that instance accepts connections and handles (processes) new sockets that were created after connections were accepted. The second part is done by IOStream.\nSo the answer is to use the same IOLoop object and not to poll sockets manually","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,select,tornado,epoll,ioloop","A_Id":49399600,"CreationDate":"2018-03-20T17:40:00.000","Title":"IOLoop\/epoll\/select for accepted connections","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have tried downloading small files from google Colaboratory. They are easily downloaded but whenever I try to download files which have a large sizes it shows an error? What is the way to download large files?","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7373,"Q_Id":49428332,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Google colab doesn't allow you to download large files using files.download(). But you can use one of the following methods to access it:\n\nThe easiest one is to use github to commit and push your files and then clone it to your local machine.\nYou can mount google-drive to your colab instance and write the files there.","Q_Score":11,"Tags":"python-3.x,tensorflow,gpu,google-colaboratory","A_Id":49431101,"CreationDate":"2018-03-22T12:08:00.000","Title":"How to download large files (like weights of a model) from Colaboratory?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using the warcio library to read and write warc files. \nWhen trying to write a record of a response object from requests.get(URL,stream=False), warcio is writing only HTTP headers to the record but not the payload. However, when stream mode is enabled it works fine. \nIs there a way store the payload when stream mode is not enabled?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":461,"Q_Id":49429211,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've found a workaround but not sure if it's the correct way. Instead of making request object streamable, I've made the payload streamable\nBytesIO(response.text.encode()) and this seems to work.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,python-requests,warc","A_Id":49430305,"CreationDate":"2018-03-22T12:52:00.000","Title":"Creating a warc record with requests.get() response using warcio","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Im am writing a piece of code where it is vital that the browser stays open however i need to be able to close windows, to stop the browser from over populating. I have been using the webbrowser module but it seems that webbrowser doesnt have a way of close the tab once open. Any ideas?\nRemember the browser must stay open, so killing all tabs will close the browser. I must only close the tabs that were opened by my code!\nAny help would be greatly appreciated.\nSorry if this isn't in the right place, feel free to move it.\nSoftware:\nPython 3.6.4 (32 bit)\nModules used:\nTime, Random and Webbrowser.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":42,"Q_Id":49457439,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Webbrowser is a limited api module for interfacing with popular browsers. \nThe way I see it you have a few options:\n\nFind a module pertaining to the particular browser you're dealing with.\nWork with the api of the browser(s) you're working with directly\nRequest feature of webbrowser in the future, but won't help you now, as they likely won't implement it any time soon.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":49458231,"CreationDate":"2018-03-23T19:56:00.000","Title":"I need to be able to close an internet tab, but i cannot close the browser","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using ldap3.\nI can connect and read all attributes without any issue, but I don't know how to display the photo of the attribute thumbnailPhoto.\nIf I print(conn.entries[0].thumbnailPhoto) I get a bunch of binary values like b'\\xff\\xd8\\xff\\xe0\\x00\\x10JFIF.....'.\nI have to display it on a bottle web page. So I have to put this value in a jpeg or png file.\nHow can I do that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4282,"Q_Id":49458945,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"The easiest way is to save the raw byte value in a file and open it with a picture editor. The photo is probably a jpeg, but it can be in any format.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,ldap","A_Id":49470034,"CreationDate":"2018-03-23T22:11:00.000","Title":"how to get and display photo from ldap","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Am using Python 3.6.5rcs , pip version 9.0.1 , selenium 3.11.0. The Python is installed in C:\\Python and selenium is in C:\\Python\\Lib\\site-packages\\selenium. The environment variables have been set. \nBut the code\nfrom selenium import webdriver\ngives an unresolved reference error.\nAny suggestion on how to fix the problem.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8895,"Q_Id":49482586,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I used this command to resolve my error.\npip install webdriver_manager","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,pycharm","A_Id":68728420,"CreationDate":"2018-03-26T00:59:00.000","Title":"Pycharm Referenced Error With Import Selenium Webdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Am using Python 3.6.5rcs , pip version 9.0.1 , selenium 3.11.0. The Python is installed in C:\\Python and selenium is in C:\\Python\\Lib\\site-packages\\selenium. The environment variables have been set. \nBut the code\nfrom selenium import webdriver\ngives an unresolved reference error.\nAny suggestion on how to fix the problem.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8895,"Q_Id":49482586,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I found this worked for me. I'm using PyCharm Community 2018.1.4 on Windows.\nNavigate to: File->Settings->Project: [project name] -> Project Interpreter\nOn this page click the configuration wheel at the top which should provide a drop down menu. Click \"Add\" and a window should appear called \"Add Python Interpreter\"\nYou will be defaulted onto \"Virtualenv Environment\" tab.\nThere should be a checkbox called \"Inherit global site-packages\". Check this.\nClick OK.\nAll your installed packages should be added.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,pycharm","A_Id":51881788,"CreationDate":"2018-03-26T00:59:00.000","Title":"Pycharm Referenced Error With Import Selenium Webdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Am using Python 3.6.5rcs , pip version 9.0.1 , selenium 3.11.0. The Python is installed in C:\\Python and selenium is in C:\\Python\\Lib\\site-packages\\selenium. The environment variables have been set. \nBut the code\nfrom selenium import webdriver\ngives an unresolved reference error.\nAny suggestion on how to fix the problem.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":3,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":8895,"Q_Id":49482586,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Pycharm > Preferences > Project Interpreter\nThen hit the '+' to install the package to your project path.\nOr you can add that path to your PYTHONPATH environment variable in your project.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,pycharm","A_Id":49482631,"CreationDate":"2018-03-26T00:59:00.000","Title":"Pycharm Referenced Error With Import Selenium Webdriver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am testing complex and non-public webpages with python-selenium, which have interconnected iframes. \nTo proper click on a button or select some given element in a different iframe I have to switch to that iframe . Now, as contents of the pages might reload to the correct iframe I constantly have to check if the correct iframe is loaded yet, otherwise I have to go back to the default content, do the check again etc. \nI find this completely annoying and user-unfriendly behavior of selenium. \nIs there a basic workaround to find e.g. an element in ANY iframe? Because I do not care about iframes. I care about elements...","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":717,"Q_Id":49492516,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Unfortunately the API is built that way and you can't do anything about it. Each IFrame is a separate document as such, so eventually search a object in every IFrame would mean Selenium has to switch to every IFrame and do that for you. \nNow you can build a workaround by storing the IFrame paths and using helper methods to automatically switch to that IFrame hierarchy in your code. Selenium won't help you here, but you can ease your pain by writing helper methods designed as per your needs","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,iframe","A_Id":49492946,"CreationDate":"2018-03-26T13:21:00.000","Title":"Is there a workaround to avoid iframes in selenium testing?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm crawling web pages to create a search engine and have been able to crawl close to 9300 pages in 1 hour using Scrapy. I'd like to know how much more can I improve and what value is considered as a 'good' crawling speed.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":453,"Q_Id":49494093,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"I'm no expert but I would say that your speed is pretty slow. I just went to google, typed in the word \"hats\", pressed enter and: about 650,000,000 results (0.63 seconds). That's gonna be tough to compete with. I'd say that there's plenty of room to improve.","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":49523000,"CreationDate":"2018-03-26T14:38:00.000","Title":"What is a good crawling speed rate?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm crawling web pages to create a search engine and have been able to crawl close to 9300 pages in 1 hour using Scrapy. I'd like to know how much more can I improve and what value is considered as a 'good' crawling speed.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":453,"Q_Id":49494093,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It really depends but you can always check your crawling benchmarks for your hardware by typing scrapy bench on your command line","Q_Score":5,"Tags":"python,scrapy,web-crawler","A_Id":70224507,"CreationDate":"2018-03-26T14:38:00.000","Title":"What is a good crawling speed rate?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"os.path.ismount() will verify whether the given path is mounted on the local linux machine. Now I want to verify whether the path is mounted on the remote machine. Could you please help me how to achieve this.\nFor example: my dev machine is : xx:xx:xxx\nI want to verify whether the '\/path' is mounted on yy:yy:yyy. \nHow can achieve this by using os.path.ismount() function","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":128,"Q_Id":49504741,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you have access to both machines, then one way could be to leverage python's sockets. The client on the local machine would send a request to the server on the remote machine, then the server would do os.path.ismount('\/path') and send back the return value to the client.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-2.7","A_Id":49505061,"CreationDate":"2018-03-27T05:06:00.000","Title":"Verify mountpoint in the remote server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"A robot is connected to a network with restricted outbound traffic. Only inbound traffic is allowed from one specific IP address(ours IP, e.g. 111.111.111.111). All outgoing traffic is forbidden.\nThere is settings and dhcp corresponding to external IP(e.g. 222.222.222.222). We want to connect to Pepper from the IP 111.111.111.111. The connection through SSH is fine with ssh nao@222.222.222.222 and password but we can not connect through Choregraphe or Python scripts. This is very important because we want to be able to connect with the robot remotely to upload different Choregraphe applications.\nThis is the error when we are trying to connect with a Python script:\n\n[W] 18872 qimessaging.transportsocket: connect: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond\n...\nRuntimeError: Failed to connect to service ALBehaviorManager on machine 1296211e-1921-3131-909b-69afa37\u0430\u0430\u043028. All endpoints are unavailable.\n\nThe Choregraphe hangs and crashes after a certain period of time.\nCan you give me some advice?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":490,"Q_Id":49508903,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"NAOqi connections go through port 9559 by default, so you could check whether that one is blocked.\nIf you are unable to connect through port 9559, you can do a port forwarding.  But I think this is a more network related question.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,networking,connection,pepper,choregraphe","A_Id":49528384,"CreationDate":"2018-03-27T09:18:00.000","Title":"How to connect Choregraphe\/Python script to remote Pepper robot from different network?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to include google correlate into my application using Python but I require its API to do so. Please help me where to look at or share me some insights about it. Thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":218,"Q_Id":49526421,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Google correlate data is valid up till 2017 March, not sure if it's deprecated but it definitely won't be useful if you're after up-to-date correlations","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x","A_Id":55298815,"CreationDate":"2018-03-28T04:59:00.000","Title":"Is there any google correlate API that I can refer to?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"So this is a bit of a tricky situation. Using Three.js\/ReactJS and canvas. \nScenario: When I click and drag a sphere beyond its boundaries a tooltip will show a warning message over the mouse pointer. When I release the mouse the tooltip will disappear. When I click and drag the sphere back to a position inside the boundaries, the tooltip will not be displayed once inside the boundaries.\nBear in mind this is tied into the state of the app handled by react, and in this instance the tooltip is being updated when the conditions are met and updated in the state. \nThe tooltip element is present however, the attributes and content gets updated on a click and hold when the sphere is out of bounds...\nusing\nActionChains(page.driver).move_to_element_with_offset(sphere_order_panel, -1047, 398).click_and_hold().move_to_element_with_offset(sphere_order_panel, -1633, 265).click_and_hold().perform()\nclicks on the element and drags it to the position outside of its boundaries, but the tooltip is NOT updated... i've put a breakpoint on the page once i manually click into the page, my sphere gets snapped to my mouse location (meaning click_and_hold is indeed working... but i check the html and verify that the tooltip is not updated. however if i manually use my mouse and click on the sphere the tooltip will update! is selenium automation not executing the click_and_hold correctly? I don't think this is the case. \nIs there a way to add the mouse pointer to the page using selenium?\nOr is there a way to use execute_script() to use javascript on the page to satisfy my conditions to get the tooltip to be updated?\nI'm really stuck on this.. and this is a tricky situation (for me at least)\nAny help greatly appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":198,"Q_Id":49539286,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"to get around my issue, I had to do this \nchain = ActionChains(page.driver).move_to_element_with_offset(sphere_order_panel, -1047, 398).click_and_hold()\nchain = chain.move_to_element_with_offset(sphere_order_panel, -1047, 398) \nchain.perform()","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,reactjs,selenium,canvas,three.js","A_Id":49634904,"CreationDate":"2018-03-28T16:04:00.000","Title":"Python Selenium: Show Tooltip on Mouse Pointer (Three.js\/React\/Canvas)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":1,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In select,there is a list for error socket or epoll has event for ERROR\nBut in selectors module just has events for EVENT_READ and EVENT_WRITE.\ntherefore\uff0chow can I know the error socket without event?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":624,"Q_Id":49547266,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"An error on the socket will always result in the underlying socket being signaled as readable (at least). For example, if you are waiting for data from a remote peer, and that peer closes its end of the connection (or abends, which does the same thing), the local socket will get the EVENT_READ marking. When you go to read it, you would then get zero bytes (end of file), telling you that the peer is gone (or at least finished sending).\nSimilarly, if you were waiting to send data and the peer resets the connection, you will get an EVENT_WRITE notification. When you then go to attempt a send, you will get an error from the send (which, in python, means an exception).\nThe only thing you lose here from select is the ability to detect exceptional conditions: the xlist from select.select or POLLPRI from select.poll. If you needed those, you would need to use the lower-level select module directly. (Priority\/out of band data is not commonly used so this is not an unreasonable choice.)\nSo the simplified interface provided by selectors really loses no \"error\" information. If there is an error on the socket that would have caused a POLLERR return from select.poll, a RST from the remote, say, you will get a EVENT_READ or EVENT_WRITE notification and whatever error occurred will be re-triggered as soon as you attempt send or recv.\nA good rule of thumb to keep in mind with select, poll and friends is that a result indicating \"readable\" really means \"will not block if you attempt to read\". It doesn't mean you will actually get data back from the read; you may get an error instead. \nLikewise for \"writable\": you may not be able to send data, but attempting the write won't block.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,sockets","A_Id":49563017,"CreationDate":"2018-03-29T02:53:00.000","Title":"why python selectors module has no event for socket error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"to access google drive files, you need to call: google.colab.auth.authenticate_user(), which presents a link to an authetication screen, which gives a key you need to paste in the original notebook\n\nis it possible to skip this all together? after all the notebook is already 'linked' to a specific account \nis it possible to save this token hardcoded in the notebook for future runs?\nis it possible to create a token that can access only some files (useful when sharing the notebook with others - you want to give access only to some data files)\nis it possible to simplify the process (make it a single click, without needing to copy paste the token)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":763,"Q_Id":49548471,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Nope, there's no way to avoid this step at the moment.\nNo, there's no safe way to save this token between runs.\nSharing the notebook doesn't share the token. Another user executing your notebook will go through the auth flow as themselves, and will only be able to use the token they get for Drive files they already have access to.\nSadly, not right now. :)","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,google-authentication,google-colaboratory","A_Id":49583498,"CreationDate":"2018-03-29T05:12:00.000","Title":"When accessing google driver from google colab, is it possible to eliminate, or simplify authentication?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In cases where I need to cancel an order, I need to know whether to void or refund the transaction.  I'm trying to learn whether the transaction has settled using the Transaction Details API. \ntransactionDetailsResponse.transaction.transactionStatus seems like it might be the right thing to look at. Does anyone know what the possible values are for transactionStatus.  At this point, I'm only in the sandbox where there is only one value, capturedPendingSettlement.\nDo transaction in the sandbox settle?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":70,"Q_Id":49558617,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"That is the right place to look. The possible values for that field are:\n\nuthorizedPendingCapture\ncapturedPendingSettlement\ncommunicationError\nrefundSettledSuccessfully\nrefundPendingSettlement\napprovedReview\ndeclined\ncouldNotVoid\nexpired\ngeneralError\nfailedReview\nsettledSuccessfully\nsettlementError\nunderReview\nvoided\nFDSPendingReview\nFDSAuthorizedPendingReview\nreturnedItem\n\nItems in the sandbox do settle.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,authorize.net","A_Id":49566293,"CreationDate":"2018-03-29T14:25:00.000","Title":"How can I tell if an authorize.net transaction has settled?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm developing a chatbot using heroku and python. I have a file fetchWelcome.py in which I have written a function. I need to import the function from fetchWelcome into my main file. \nI wrote \"from fetchWelcome import fetchWelcome\" in main file. But because we need to mention all the dependencies in the requirement file, it shows error. I don't know how to mention user defined requirement.\nHow can I import the function from another file into the main file ? Both the files ( main.py and fetchWelcome.py ) are in the same folder.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":694,"Q_Id":49561062,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If we need to import function from fileName into main.py, write \"from .fileName import functionName\". Thus we don't need to write any dependency in requirement file.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,heroku","A_Id":49571369,"CreationDate":"2018-03-29T16:33:00.000","Title":"Heroku Python import local functions","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Is there a way to use Celery for:\n\nQueue a HTTP call to external URL with Form parameters (HTTP Post to\nURL)\nThe external URL will respond HTTP response, 200, 404, 400 etc, if\nresponse is in form of error non-200-ish response it will retry for\na certain number of retry and will retire as needed\nAdd Task \/ Job \/ Work queue into Celery using REST API, passing the URL to call and Form parameters","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":7519,"Q_Id":49608179,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"you can use flower rest API to do the same, as flower is a monitoring tool for celery. But it comes with rest api to add task and all\nhttps:\/\/flower.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/index.html","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,rest,celery","A_Id":58300556,"CreationDate":"2018-04-02T08:53:00.000","Title":"Celery REST API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"Windows command netsh interface show interface shows all network connections and their names. A name could be Wireless Network Connection, Local Area Network or Ethernet etc.\nI would like to change an IP address with netsh interface ip set address \"Wireless Network Connection\" static 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 1 with Python script, but I need a network interface name. \nIs it possible to have this information like we can have a hostname with socket.gethostname()? Or I can change an IP address with Python in other way?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2892,"Q_Id":49624485,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"I don't know of a Python netsh API. But it should not be hard to do with a pair of subprocess calls. First issue netsh interface show interface, parse the output you get back, then issue your set address command.\nOr am I missing the point?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,static-ip-address","A_Id":49625033,"CreationDate":"2018-04-03T07:25:00.000","Title":"How to find out Windows network interface name in Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My website is hosted on Google App Engine using Standard Python.\nIn request handlers, I am setting HTTP header \"cache-control: max-age=3600, public\"\nSo frontend server \"Google Frontend\" caches the response for 1hr(which I want to save cost).\nIn rare cases the content of page changes and I want the content in frontend cache to be invalidated. How can I do that?\nIs there any API for it?\nI can't alter the URL as they have 90% traffic from Google Search.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":130,"Q_Id":49658369,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"When you set cache-control via the header or meta tag, that tells the browser to store the response.  So, the next time, it will not even ping your server.  This means that you cannot invalidate that cache after set.\nWhat you need is a backend cache. Frameworks like Django, Flask, etc. make this easy.  You can set a template cache, so it responds quickly, without much processing.\nYou can store the response in GAE's memcache, and send from there.  You can easily invalidate that cache, because you have complete control over it.\nAlternatively, you could change the url.  Google reads your canonical meta tag to get the desired indexed url, so you can add a query string, etc., but still save the Google score to that indexed url.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-app-engine","A_Id":49659939,"CreationDate":"2018-04-04T18:53:00.000","Title":"How to invalidate cashed URL response from GAE \"server: Google Frontend\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm using python 2.7.10 virtualenv when running python codes in IntelliJ. I need to install requests[security] package. However I'm not sure how to add that [security] option\/config when installing requests package using the Package installer in File > Project Structure settings window.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":852,"Q_Id":49679283,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Was able to install it by doing:\n\nActivating the virtualenv in the 'Terminal' tool window:\nsource <virtualenv dir>\/bin\/activate\nExecuting a pip install requests[security]","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-2.7,intellij-idea,virtualenv","A_Id":49679964,"CreationDate":"2018-04-05T18:38:00.000","Title":"How to Install requests[security] in virtualenv in IntelliJ","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using a azure http triggered fucntion to perform a task and I am passing the function key as http header parameter and then my payload is a json with some data that I invoking down stream procedures.I am using urllib(python lib) for this request and this is the response I am getting but the function is getting triggered. \nurllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 417: Expectation Failed","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":410,"Q_Id":49682697,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This was more of a Firewall issue.We have been trying to connect to a azure analysis service from ADW and we have added the IP filtering(Our Corporate public IP) for AAS and then when the Function's procedure is trying to connected to AAS it is facing some IP issue(this is NOT the corporate public IP). We have added that IP and now things are working fine.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,azure,azure-functions","A_Id":49696760,"CreationDate":"2018-04-05T22:51:00.000","Title":"Azure HTTP trigger function call returning 417 error code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am currently working a large graph, with 1.5 Million Nodes and 11 Million Edges.\nFor the sake of speed, I checked the benchmarks of the most popular graph libraries: iGraph, Graph-tool, NetworkX and Networkit. And it seems iGraph, Graph-tool and Networkit have similar performance. And I eventually used iGraph.\nWith the directed graph built with iGraph, the pagerank of all vertices can be calculated in 5 secs. However, when it came to Betweenness and Closeness, it took forever for the calculation.\nIn the documentation, it says that by specifying \"CutOff\", iGraph will ignore all path with length < CutOff value.\nI am wondering if there a rule of thumb to choose the best CutOff value to choose?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":676,"Q_Id":49713991,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The cutoff really depends on the application and on the netwrok parameters (# nodes, # edges).\n\nIt's hard to talk about closeness threshold, since it depends greatly on other parameters (# nodes, # edges,...). \nOne thing you can know for sure is that every closeness centrality is somewhere between 2\/[n(n-1)] (which is minimum, attained at path) and 1\/(n-1) (which is maximum, attained at clique or star).\nPerhaps better question would be about Freeman centralization of closeness (which is somehow normalized version of closeness that you can better compare between various graphs).\n\n\nSuggestion:\nYou can do a grid search for different cutoff values and then choose the one that makes more sense based on your application.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,igraph","A_Id":51268892,"CreationDate":"2018-04-08T03:04:00.000","Title":"Cutoff in Closeness\/Betweenness Centrality in python igraph","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to know after finding the closest match from the text section of the response table how chatterbot is generating the \"in_response_to\" list and the \"in_response_to_contains\" list. If somebody could enlight me this then it would be a great help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":98,"Q_Id":49719767,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The in_response_to list is generated based on previous input statements that the bot receives. So for example, lets say that the following interaction occurs:\n\nUser: \"Hello, how are you?\"\nBot: \"I am well, how are you.\"\nUser: \"I am also well.\"\n\nIn this case, the bot would learn based on how the user responded to it. So \"I am also well.\" is added to the in_response_to list of \"I am well, how are you.\"\n\nFor the second part of your question, the in_response_to__contains is an attributed used to tell the chat bot to query the database for statements where the in_response_to field contains a particular response.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,chatterbot","A_Id":50184310,"CreationDate":"2018-04-08T15:51:00.000","Title":"how chatterbot is creating the in_response_to and in_response_to_contains list","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a tika code in a server. I want to create an SFTP session with another server with files and run Apache tika on that server. I am using python as back end. Will this work ? is my approach correct ?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":73,"Q_Id":49776224,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"So, what I was planning to do was not ideal . .\nApache Tika requires to scan physical files to fetch metadata. I made a bridge and started from sessions pulling files to the server Tika code was hosted.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sftp,apache-tika","A_Id":50650506,"CreationDate":"2018-04-11T13:19:00.000","Title":"using apache tika for scanning documents on servers using sftp","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on a some automation work, as per my requirement I need to click on Chrome Physical buttons like left nav, right nav, bookmarks, menu etc. I can do with shortcuts but my requirement is to click on browser buttons. Any ideas would be helpful. Thanks in advance.","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1530,"Q_Id":49799864,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This can't be done with selenium webdriver and I think also not with the standalone selenium server. Selenium only allows to interact with the DOM.\nThe only way to achieve what you want to do is to use an automation tool that actually runs directly in the OS that you use. Java can be used to write such a program.\nI would however recommend to not go this route. Instead try to convince whoever is responsible for your requirements to re-think and allow to use other means of achieving back and forward actions.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"java,python,google-chrome,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":49800000,"CreationDate":"2018-04-12T15:00:00.000","Title":"Selenium click chrome physical buttons like menu, left, right navigation, bookmarks","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've got an issue with scrapy and python.\nI have several links. I crawl data from each of them in one script with the use of loop. But the order of crawled data is random or at least doesn't match to the link.\nSo I can't match url of each subpage with the outputed data.\nLike: crawled url, data1, data2, data3.\nData 1, data2, data3 => It's ok, because it comes from one loop, but how can I add to the loop current url or can I set the order of link's list? Like first from the list is crawled as first, second is crawled as second...","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":-0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":49896079,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"Ok, It seems that the solution is in settings.py file in scrapy.\nDOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3   \nBetween requests.\nIt should be uncommented. Defaultly it's commented.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":49899202,"CreationDate":"2018-04-18T09:29:00.000","Title":"Scrapy - order of crawled urls","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've got an issue with scrapy and python.\nI have several links. I crawl data from each of them in one script with the use of loop. But the order of crawled data is random or at least doesn't match to the link.\nSo I can't match url of each subpage with the outputed data.\nLike: crawled url, data1, data2, data3.\nData 1, data2, data3 => It's ok, because it comes from one loop, but how can I add to the loop current url or can I set the order of link's list? Like first from the list is crawled as first, second is crawled as second...","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":79,"Q_Id":49896079,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"time.sleep() - would it be a solution?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,scrapy","A_Id":49898314,"CreationDate":"2018-04-18T09:29:00.000","Title":"Scrapy - order of crawled urls","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to crawl a webpage(news) and get only the latest links. \nI have a crawler code which gets all the links from a website and takes like 2-3 hours to get around 30000 links and stores in db.\nWhat if next time when I run the crawler I want only the new links to be inserted.\nI know I can do a filter before inserting in db, but I would want the crawler to fetch only new links other than crawling the old links again(basically entire website). \nIs it possible to do something like that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51,"Q_Id":49899506,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You need some sort of a cache.\nOne solution which comes to my mind is storing a local version of the website. When you want to add the new links you can make a diff between the new version and your locally stored version. Afterwards you can crawl over the diff...","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,web-crawler","A_Id":49899582,"CreationDate":"2018-04-18T12:16:00.000","Title":"Is there a way to crawl a webpage in python where the crawler shoud fetch only the new links.","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"In influxdb 1.5, the \/write path can accept multiple points in a POST request.\nWhat is a reasonable maximum payload size for this? 100 point? 1,000? 10,000? More?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1591,"Q_Id":49908395,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I had some problems with 25000 and more points. The points were written by a little python script out of a pandas dataframe. The code was near by the example from influx (dataframe to influxdb with python). \nIt did not matter how many lines and columns were present, the error was reproducible over the sum to be written points.\nIt is better to stay below 20000 points per transfer to avoid exceptions.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"influxdb,influxdb-python","A_Id":53751719,"CreationDate":"2018-04-18T20:20:00.000","Title":"What's the maximum number of points I should write to influxdb in a single request?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm getting the ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'lxml' while trying run a python script in Mac os. \nI've installed python in \/usr\/local\/bin. All the libraries are also successfully installed. \nI tried setting the PATH to include the location where the libraries are installed, but it didn't help. Please advise.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":358,"Q_Id":49912414,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is fixed by setting the PYTHONPATH Variable in OS X.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,macos","A_Id":49923516,"CreationDate":"2018-04-19T03:50:00.000","Title":"ModuleNotFoundError in Python3.6 Mac OS","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to crawl IMDB and download the trailers of movies (either from YouTube or IMDB) that fit some criteria (e.g.: released this year, with a rating above 2). \nI want to do this in Python - I saw that there were packages for crawling IMDB and downloading YouTube videos. The thing is, my current plan is to crawl IMDB and then search youtube for '$movie_name' + 'trailer' and hope that the top result is the trailer, and then download it.\nStill, this seems a bit convoluted and I was wondering if there was perhaps an easier way. \nAny help would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1369,"Q_Id":49957297,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no easier way. I doubt IMDB allows people to scrap their website freely so your IP is probably gonna get blacklisted and to counter that you'll need proxies. Good luck and scrape respectfully.\nEDIT: Please take a look at @pds's answer below. My answer is no longer valid.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,youtube,web-crawler","A_Id":49957379,"CreationDate":"2018-04-21T15:23:00.000","Title":"Crawling IMDB for movie trailers?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can we use Two amazon lambda functions for one lex bot if one lambda function in python and other in node.js?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":506,"Q_Id":49980575,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you can have two lambda functions for two different intents. You cannot have two lambda functions for the same intent","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,machine-learning,aws-lambda,chatbot,amazon-lex","A_Id":49984458,"CreationDate":"2018-04-23T11:59:00.000","Title":"Two amazon lambda functions for one lex bot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Trying to Import 200 contacts from CSV file to telegram using Python3 Code. It's working with first 50 contacts and then stop and showing below:\ntelethon.errors.rpc_error_list.FloodWaitError: A wait of 101 seconds is required\nAny idea how I can import all list without waiting?? Thanks!!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":287,"Q_Id":50012489,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can not import a large number of people in sequential. \u064fThe telegram finds you're sperm.\nAs a result, you must use \u200dsleep between your requests","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,csv,telegram,telethon","A_Id":50310718,"CreationDate":"2018-04-25T00:38:00.000","Title":"can't import more than 50 contacts from csv file to telegram using Python3","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Trying to make a script to scrape one or two articles (article URLs only) from different websites, i was able to make a Python script that uses BeautifulSoup to get the website's HTML, find the website's Navbar menu via its Class name, and loop trough each website section, the problem is that each website has a different Class name or Xpath for the Navbar menu and its sections ..\nIs there a way to make the script work for multiple websites with as little human intervention as possible ? \nAny suggestions are more than welcome,\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":77,"Q_Id":50018551,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Did it, i have only needed to use Python and Selenium, an Xpath for the Navbar Elements for each website and another Xpath for all types of articles on the different website pages, saved everything on a database and the rest is just customized for our specific needs, it wasn't that complicated in the end, thanks for the help <3","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web-scraping,beautifulsoup,scrape,scraper","A_Id":51704866,"CreationDate":"2018-04-25T09:23:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to automatically scrape articles from websites - Python & Beautiful Soup","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to a simple make a http request to a server inside my company, from a dev server. I figured out that depending on the origin \/ destination server, I might, or not, to be forced to use qualified name of the destination server, like srvdestination.com.company.world instead of just srvdestination.\nI am ok with this, but I don't understand how come my DB connection works?\nLet's say I have srvorigin. Now, to make http request, I must use qualified name srvdestination.com.company.world. However, for database connection,  the connection string with un-qualified name is enough psycopg.connect(host='srvdestination', ...) I understand that protocols are different, but how psycopg2 does to resolve the real name?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":134,"Q_Id":50018843,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First it all depend on how the name resolution subsystem of your OS is configured. If you are on Unix (you did not specify), this is governed by \/etc\/resolv.conf.  Here you can provide the OS with a search list: if a name has not \"enough\" dots (the number is configurable) then a suffix is added to retry resolution.\nThe library you use to do the HTTP request may not query the OS for name resolution and do its DNS resolution itself. In which case, it can only work with the information you give it (but it could as well re-use the OS \/etc\/resolv.conf and information in it), hence the need to use the full name.\nOn the contrary, the psycopg2 may use the OS resolution mechanism and hence dealing with \"short\" names just fine.\nBoth libraries should have documentation on how they handle hostnames... or otherwise you need to study their source code. I guess psycopg2 is a wrapper around the default libpq standard library, written in C if I am not mistaken, which hence certainly use the standard OS resolution process. \nI can understand the curiosity around this difference but anyway my advice is to keep short names when you type commands on the shell and equivalent (and even there it could be a problem), but always use FQDNs (Fully Qualified Domain Names) in your program and configuration files. You will avoid a lot of problems.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,dns,psycopg2","A_Id":50476805,"CreationDate":"2018-04-25T09:37:00.000","Title":"Name resolving in http requests","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using tweepy to get tweets pertaining to a certain hashtag(s) and then I send them to a certain black box for some processing. However, tweets containing any URL should not be sent. What would be the most appropriate way of removing any such tweets?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3215127375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1195,"Q_Id":50044690,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"In your query add -filter:links.\nThis will exclude tweets containing urls.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":50048998,"CreationDate":"2018-04-26T13:47:00.000","Title":"How do I filter out tweets containing any URL?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was wondering if there was a way to create an instance without a Key-Pair for testing purposes.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":225,"Q_Id":50047929,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You can create an instannce without keypair however you will not be able to ssh into it or you can start it with ssm agent installed and running and use ec2 ssm service to send shell commands.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,boto3","A_Id":50048241,"CreationDate":"2018-04-26T16:28:00.000","Title":"Boto3 Create Instance without a Key-Pair","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm actually aware that I can get the address which the email is sent from, but I wonder if I can get the user name of de sender too. I searched on the email module documentation but I didn't find anything about it.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":24,"Q_Id":50063795,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Short answer: no, you can't.\nUsername of the sender remains between the SMTP server and the sender; it's never included in the data sent outside, unless the sender explicitly typed it into the email text. Note that there can be several hops between the originating SMTP server and the receiving SMTP server.\nIMAP servers are used to access received mail; they have no idea how it was sent.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,email","A_Id":50066623,"CreationDate":"2018-04-27T13:47:00.000","Title":"Is there anyway I can get user name from a MIME object in python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to make an app that uses Python to search for specific names on a website. For instance, I have to check if the string \"Robert Paulson\" is being used on a website. If it is, it returns True. Else, false. Also,is there any library that can help me make that?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":469,"Q_Id":50066306,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Since you have not attempted to make your application first, then I am not going to post code for you. I will however, suggest using:\nurllib2: \nA robust module for interacting with webpages. i.e. pull back the html of a webpage.\nBeautifulSoup (from bs4 import BeautifulSoup):\nAn awesome module to \"regex\" html to find what is is that you're looking for.\nGood luck my friend!","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,string,url,web","A_Id":50066699,"CreationDate":"2018-04-27T16:05:00.000","Title":"Finding specific names on a website using Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working on Json Web Tokens and wanted to reproduce it using python, but I'm struggling on how to calculate the HMAC_SHA256 of the texts using a public certificate (pem file) as a key.\nDoes anyone know how I can accomplish that!?\nTks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1106,"Q_Id":50110748,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"In case any one found this question. The answer provided by the host works, but the idea is wrong. You don't use any RSA keys with HMAC method. The RSA key pair (public and private) are used for asymmetric algorithm while HMAC is symmetric algorithm.\nIn HMAC, the two sides of the communication keep the same secret text(bytes) as the key. It can be a public_cert.pem as long as you keep it secretly. But a public.pem is usually shared publicly, which makes it unsafe.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,jwt,hmac","A_Id":51356271,"CreationDate":"2018-05-01T02:43:00.000","Title":"How to calculate the HMAC(hsa256) of a text using a public certificate (.pem) as key","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to run a project in selenium with chrome driver, but after I didn't use it for a month ( Was an update to chrome).\nWhen I run the project its opens thechrome browser and then immediately closes.\nI reciving the following error:\n\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n    File \"C:\\Users\\maorb\\OneDrive\\Desktop\\Maor\\python\\serethd\\tvil_arthur.py\", line 27, in \n      driver = webdriver.Chrome()\n    File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Python36-32\\lib\\site-packages\\selenium\\webdriver\\chrome\\webdriver.py\", line 67, in init\n      desired_capabilities=desired_capabilities)\n    File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Python36-32\\lib\\site-packages\\selenium\\webdriver\\remote\\webdriver.py\", line 91, in init\n      self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)\n    File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Python36-32\\lib\\site-packages\\selenium\\webdriver\\remote\\webdriver.py\", line 173, in start_session\n      'desiredCapabilities': desired_capabilities,\n    File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Python36-32\\lib\\site-packages\\selenium\\webdriver\\remote\\webdriver.py\", line 233, in execute\n      self.error_handler.check_response(response)\n    File \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Python36-32\\lib\\site-packages\\selenium\\webdriver\\remote\\errorhandler.py\", line 194, in check_response\n      raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)\n  selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: session not created exception\n  from disconnected: Unable to receive message from renderer\n    (Session info: chrome=63.0.3239.108)\n    (Driver info: chromedriver=2.36.540470 (e522d04694c7ebea4ba8821272dbef4f9b818c91),platform=Windows NT 10.0.16299 x86_64)\n\nI am using chrome web driver version 2.36 & Google chrome  version 63.0.3239.10\nI tried to use latest Chrome & Chrome webdriver version but Its opening the chrome but its just opening and not doing any of code.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1266,"Q_Id":50113359,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Usually people get this error when your script cannot find the chromedriver maybe re look at where you specified the path to be and add a executable path","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":50156979,"CreationDate":"2018-05-01T08:20:00.000","Title":"python selenium not running with chrome driver & chrome version","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"This Twilio is really awesome. I just have a question to which I was not able to find a straightforward answer. \nAll calls in twilio(Incoming and Outgoing) take place through webhooks.i.e you have to specify to which URL an incoming call needs to be redirected. Say suppose, once an incoming call to a twilio number is redirected to the URL, the set of actions defined in the URL are being provided as response to the caller. \nInstead of this, is it possible for a real person to answer an incoming call to a twilio number. I am already aware of the \"dial\" verb where you can redirect the call to a different number. My exact question is whether is it possible to make a real person answer a call directly in the twilio number itself?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":518,"Q_Id":50150568,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Yes, a real person can answer a Twilio inbound call.  The way you do that is to Forward that call to the real person's real phone number.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,twilio,twilio-api,twilio-twiml","A_Id":50224548,"CreationDate":"2018-05-03T08:39:00.000","Title":"Make real people answer calls in Twilio","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a device which is sending packet with its own specific construction (header, data, crc) through its ethernet port.\nWhat I would like to do is to communicate with this device using a Raspberry and Python 3.x.\nI am already able to send Raw ethernet packet using the \"socket\" Library, I've checked with wireshark on my computer and everything seems to be transmitted as expected.\nBut now I would like to read incoming raw packet sent by the device and store it somewhere on my RPI to use it later.\nI don't know how to use the \"socket\" Library to read raw packet (I mean layer 2 packet), I only find tutorials to read higher level packet like TCP\/IP.\nWhat I would like to do is Something similar to what wireshark does on my computer, that is to say read all raw packet going through the ethernet port.\nThanks,\nAlban","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":914,"Q_Id":50151655,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Did you try using ettercap package (ettercap-graphical)? \nIt should be available with apt. \nAlternatively you can try using TCPDump (Java tool) or even check ip tables","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,linux,sockets,raspberry-pi,ethernet","A_Id":50182669,"CreationDate":"2018-05-03T09:34:00.000","Title":"Read raw ethernet packet using python on Raspberry","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using server(server_name.corp.com) inside a corporate company. On the server i am running a flask server to listen on 0.0.0.0:5000.\nservers are not exposed to outside world but accessible via vpns.\nNow when i run host server_name.corp.com in the box i get some ip1(10.*.*.*)\nWhen i run ifconfig in the  box it gives me ip2(10.*.*.*).\nAlso if i run ping server_name.corp.com in same box i get ip2.\nAlso i can ssh into server with ip1 not ip2\nI am able to access the flask server at ip1:5000 but not on ip2:5000.\nI am not into networking so fully confused on why there are 2 different ips and why i can access ip1:5000 from browser not ip2:5000.\nAlso what is equivalent of host command in python ( how to get ip1 from python. I am using socktet.gethostbyname(server_name.corp.com) which gives me ip2)","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":84,"Q_Id":50166145,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Not quite clear about the network status by your statements, I can only tell that if you want to get ip1 by python, you could use standard lib subprocess, which usually be used to execute os command. (See subprocess.Popen)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,linux,networking,server,ip","A_Id":50166912,"CreationDate":"2018-05-04T02:07:00.000","Title":"Host command and ifconfig giving different ips","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I tried to import socketserver and it asked me to install, so i went with the command \"pip install socketserver\" and it says: \n\"Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement socketserver (from versions:) \nNo matching distribution found for socketserver\" \nAny sort of help would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.537049567,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5929,"Q_Id":50211310,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"socketserver is a standard library module so you don't need to install it. It looks like you are using Python 2 so use SocketServer, In Python 3 it's renamed to socketserver.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,python-2.7,websocket,serversocket","A_Id":50212231,"CreationDate":"2018-05-07T09:48:00.000","Title":"No matching distribution found for socketserver","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've build before server-client programs (both sides where build in python by far).\nRecently I started building app using swift and my goal is to add a backend to my apps using python (My app is a chat app)\nI searched in the Internet a tutorials to do so, and I only saw two options to communicate between server side and mobile application, the first one is to create an API (REST) (request - response) - I can't use this solution because I want a real-time chat.\nAnd the second option was web-sockets (socket.IO).\nSO, my question is why not use the simple socket technology (like I used to use when it was only python server side to python client side -> import sockets) -  no sockets over web","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1859,"Q_Id":50216417,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"following Features You will get if you are using Socket.io or socketcluster.io (which is developed on the top of Socket IO)\n\nscalability :- It will scale horizontally adding more nodes (scale-out) & Linearly(scale-up)\nReduces Payload size as message payload is compressed\nAuthorisation via middle ware functions\nReconnects Automatically if Connection drops\n\nIf You want to use your own implementation then you have to take care of the above features\/Solutions to problems which arises when User-base is increases.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,swift,sockets,websocket,socket.io","A_Id":50216729,"CreationDate":"2018-05-07T14:17:00.000","Title":"Why Use Socket IO and not just Socket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I asked a similar questions some days ago but it was a bit unclear so I deleted it and made this new one here.\nI have a project that fetches market data from cryptocurrency exchanges (Binance, Kraken, Poloniex, etc...). I want to be able to add additional exchanges while the project is up and running. For example I am pulling data every 10 seconds from Binance and Poloniex but now I want to add support for Kraken. How can I keep fetching data from the other two exchanges (add Kraken without restarting the program).\nI currently have 2 solutions in mind.\n\nStart the client that is fetching the data as a new process for each exchange\nUse importlib.import_module() to load new modules and handle every exchange in the same process (using asyncio)\n\nAlso, what if I want to add functionality like fetching data from another API endpoint. Method 1 would probably require a restart, with method 2 I could reload all modules and update the class instances between the fetch calls. But I am unsure about the side effects this can cause. \nMaybe there is a default way how such a project is implemented?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":51,"Q_Id":50223336,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I would consider designing a base class, named something like CryptoCurrencyExchangeParser.  This class would have methods that allowed client code to extract data in a standard way, no matter which exchange it came from.  Each specific exchange would then be a subclass, containing methods (possibly defined as abstract in the base class) to access and parse the data.\nThen I would write a factory function to load one parser, probably specified by a string.  This factory function would use the python import machinery to find the code for the requested parser.  The main program would keep a list of the active parsers.\nSuch a design would mean that all of the parsers used exactly the same mechanism, whether they were loaded on program start or ten years later.  Whether to use multiprocessing, multithreading or some other approach would be factored out as a separate design decision.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,fetch,python-asyncio,cryptocurrency","A_Id":50223595,"CreationDate":"2018-05-07T22:26:00.000","Title":"Python dynamically update\/add\/remove modules","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm working with Python and Selenium to do some automation in the office, and I need to fill in an \"upload file\" dialog box (a windows \"open\" dialog box), which was invoked from a site using a headless chrome browser. Does anyone have any idea on how this could be done?\nIf I wasn't using a headless browser, Pywinauto could be used with a line similar to the following, for example, but this doesn't appear to be an option in headless chrome:\napp.pane.open.ComboBox.Edit.type_keys(uploadfilename + \"{ENTER}\")\nThank you in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":533,"Q_Id":50223735,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This turned out to not be possible. I ended up running the code on a VM and setting a registry key to allow automation to be run while the VM was minimized, disconnected, or otherwise not being interacted with by users.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,selenium,automation,headless","A_Id":50398443,"CreationDate":"2018-05-07T23:22:00.000","Title":"How can you fill in an open dialog box in headless chrome in Python and Selenium?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a virtualenv environment running python 3.5\nToday, when I booted up my MacBook, I found myself unable to install python packages for my Django project. I get the following error:\n\nCould not fetch URL <package URL>: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:646) - skipping\n\nI gather that TLS 1.0 has been discontinued, but from what I understand, newer versions of Python should be using TLS1.2, correct? Even outside of my environment, running pip3 trips the same error. I've updated to the latest version of Sierra and have updated Xcode as well. Does anyone know how to resolve this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":105,"Q_Id":50284838,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Here is the fix:\ncurl https:\/\/bootstrap.pypa.io\/get-pip.py | python\nExecute from within the appropriate virtual environment.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,macos","A_Id":50379383,"CreationDate":"2018-05-11T04:04:00.000","Title":"Python - Enable TLS1.2 on OSX","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've recently started freelance python programming, and was hired to write a script that scraped certain info online (nothing nefarious, just checking how often keywords appear in search results).\nI wrote this script with Selenium, and now that it's done, I'm not quite sure how to prepare it to run on the client's machine. \nSelenium requires a path to your chromedriver file. Am I just going to have to compile the py file as an exe and accept the path to his chromedriver as an argument, then show him how to download chromedriver and how to write the path?\nEDIT: Just actually had a thought while typing this out. Would it work if I sent the client a folder including a chromedriver.exe inside of said folder, so the path was always consistent?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":582,"Q_Id":50301263,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Option 1)  Deliver a Docker image if customer not to watch the browser during running and they can setup Docker environment. The Docker image should includes following items:\n\nPython\nDependencies for running your script, like selenium\nHeadless chrome browser and compatible chrome webdriver binary\nYour script, put them in github and\nfetch them when start docker container, so that customer can always get\nyour latest code\n\nThis approach's benefit: \n\nYou only need to focus on scripts like bug fix and improvement after delivery \nCustomer only need to execute same docker command\n\nOption 2) Deliver a Shell script to do most staff automatically. It should accomplish following items: \n\nInstall Python (Or leave it for customer to complete)\nInstall Selenium library and others needed\nInstall latest chrome webdriver binary (which is compatible backward)\nFetch your script from code repo like github, or simply deliver as packaged folder\nRun your script.\n\nOption 3) Deliver your script and an user guide, customer have to do many staff by self. You can supply a config file along with your script for customer to specify the chrome driver binary path after they download.  Your script read the path from this file, better than enter it in cmd line every time.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":50301550,"CreationDate":"2018-05-11T22:56:00.000","Title":"How to prepare Python Selenium project to be used on client's machine?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I hope this is not too opinionated because I'm looking for a finite answer.\nI'm developing a UDP server in Python 3.x that is utilizing asyncio. The server is going to work with a game engine to process pretty much every interaction a player makes in the game. Therefore, I have to authenticate the game client with the game server in some way as well ensure replay attacks do not happen on top of everything else that could harm or spoof the game server.\nWhen it comes to authenticating with UDP, I'm at a loss. My plan is to have both the game client and game server authenticate per user and game session. That means having something like a public key on the client end and a private key on the server end where the server can authenticate the client is approved.\nDuring that authentication, I am going to generate a symmetric key that the game server makes and passes it down to the game client so every packet sent can be verified with that symmetric key using HMAC. If not, all packets are dropped.\nMy Question\nIs this the best approach? Creating some type of public key where something like a token is generated per session to ensure packets coming to the UDP server are from authenticated clients? My worry here is the keys are still stored in a Windows EXE file and still likely can be cracked and extracted or am I just too paranoid?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":465,"Q_Id":50319570,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Going to answer my own question!\nNo It's Not The Best Approach\nThe reason this is not the best approach is because even with this process, my use of public\/private key was incorrect. I was not referring to encrypting data between the client and server, I was referring to creating a nonce with having some type of password on the client that matches the password on the server.\nThis means the moment I send credentials from the client to the server, it's being sent without encryption on the line or in the buffer to the server. Once this authentication is accepted by the server, it will hash the password, store it and then send the nonce back to the client, which will also be without encryption.\nThe username, the password, and the nonce will be vulnerable to Man in the Middle attacks from both a third-party and the client itself. Which means they can sniff the packets, snag the transmission and crack the user or attempt replays being they have the nonce.\nSolution\nMy game client does not have SSL\/TSL\/DTSL options. This is why I actually posted the question, but did not clarify this. My server, as it's custom within Python, does have that ability though. But, I found a plugin for the game engine last night that allows for AES encryption of the data being written to the buffer before said buffer is sent as a packet to the UDP server, which means I can encrypt the passing of data in those packets in a secure way that hopefully the server can decrypt with a legit private key.\nDoing this will be a good option because it likely will be my only option. Now when a malicious user sniffs the traffic, they wont be able to see credentials or the nonce. The only issue after that is cracking the EXE, which I'm fine with for now.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,ssl,udp","A_Id":50331500,"CreationDate":"2018-05-13T18:53:00.000","Title":"What is the best way to secure UDP server with HMAC?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm creating a discord bot, and I want to add it to group DM's so I can keep my server levels lower. However, you can't add people who aren't friends to group DM's. Is there a way to get a discord bot to accept friend requests?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":7073,"Q_Id":50337904,"Users Score":6,"Answer":"Not possible. Bot accounts do not have permission to use Discord's relationships endpoint. This means no friending and no blocking, and by extension means no bots in group DMs.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,discord.py","A_Id":50338842,"CreationDate":"2018-05-14T19:44:00.000","Title":"How to make a discord bot add you as friend","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to transfer files from one S3 bucket to another S3 bucket using AWS Glue through a Python Script?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1360,"Q_Id":50348880,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Create a Crawler for your bucket - it will discover the schema of your data and add it as table to Glue Catalog\nUse Job wizard and select your table as source, and new table as target\nGlue will generate the code for you where you have to select the destination of your data, specify format etc.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,amazon-s3,aws-glue","A_Id":50351216,"CreationDate":"2018-05-15T11:18:00.000","Title":"Transfer files within S3 buckets using AWS Glue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am new in mininet. I created a custom topology with 2 linear switches and 4 nodes. I need to write a python module accessing each nodes in that topology and do something but I don't know how.\nAny idea please?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":155,"Q_Id":50373532,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"try the following:\ns1.cmd('ifconfig s1 192.168.1.0')\nh1.cmd('ifconfig h1 192.168.2.0')","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mininet,pox","A_Id":50385916,"CreationDate":"2018-05-16T14:25:00.000","Title":"How to access created nodes in a mininet topology?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a question regarding the Python API of Interactive Brokers.\nCan multiple asset and stock contracts be passed into reqMktData() function and obtain the last prices?  (I can set the snapshots = TRUE in reqMktData to get the last price.  You can assume that I have subscribed to the appropriate data services.)\nTo put things in perspective, this is what I am trying to do:\n1) Call reqMktData, get last prices for multiple assets.\n2) Feed the data into my prediction engine, and do something\n3) Go to step 1.\nWhen I contacted Interactive Brokers, they said:\n\"Only one contract can be passed to reqMktData() at one time, so there is no bulk request feature in requesting real time data.\"\nObviously one way to get around this is to do a loop but this is too slow.  Another way to do this is through multithreading but this is a lot of work plus I can't afford the extra expense of a new computer.  I am not interested in either one.\nAny suggestions?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2183,"Q_Id":50374498,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can only specify 1 contract in each reqMktData call.  There is no choice but to use a loop of some type.  The speed shouldn't be an issue as you can make up to 50 requests per second, maybe even more for snapshots.\nThe speed issue could be that you want too much data (> 50\/s) or you're using an old version of the IB python api, check in connection.py for lock.acquire, I've deleted all of them.  Also, if there has been no trade for >10 seconds, IB will wait for a trade before sending a snapshot.  Test with active symbols.\nHowever, what you should do is request live streaming data by setting snapshot to false and just keep track of the last price in the stream.  You can stream up to 100 tickers with the default minimums.  You keep them separate by using unique ticker ids.","Q_Score":6,"Tags":"python-3.x,api,finance,quantitative-finance,interactive-brokers","A_Id":50413302,"CreationDate":"2018-05-16T15:13:00.000","Title":"Getting Multiple Last Price Quotes from Interactive Brokers's API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Title says it all really. I am running a program on a Linux EC2 instance with 4 threads. Three of these are listening to different websockets and the final one is webscraping and calling off a set of other functions when needed.\nIs it possible that if the GIL is owned by the 4th thread (i.e it is currently running its calculation through the single core) that websocket messages could be 'missed' by the threads listening? \nI am beginning to think it isn't possible, but have no understanding as to why. I have looked around, but to little avail.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":63,"Q_Id":50379706,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Not really, even if your application is completely blocked say by scheduling or simply sleeping the operating system will queue the incoming network messages. You might lose messages say if the TCP buffer starts to overflow, I reckon that is unlikely in your case. You can test your idea by deliberately sleeping in the 4th thread for some time and see if messages are dropped.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,multithreading,websocket,python-multithreading,gil","A_Id":50379960,"CreationDate":"2018-05-16T20:52:00.000","Title":"If I am listening to a websocket in one thread and running a function in another thread is it possible to miss messages","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I need to perform image recognition thing on real time camera feed. The video is embedded in shtml hosted on a IP. How do I access the video and process things using openCV.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":378,"Q_Id":50406354,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First,you need to find the actual path to camera stream. It is mjpeg or rtsp stream. Use developer option in this page to find the stream, like http:\/\/ip\/video.mjpg or rtsp:\/\/ip\/live.sdp. When you find the stream url,create python script which will use stream like capture = cv2.VideoCapture(stream_url). But,as noticed,this is too broad which mean you are asking for full tutorial. This is some directions,and when you have some code,ask a question about issues with your code and you'll get an answer.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,opencv,camera,video-streaming","A_Id":50410930,"CreationDate":"2018-05-18T07:49:00.000","Title":"How do I capture a live IP Camera feed (eg: http:\/\/61.60.112.230\/view\/viewer_index.shtml?id=938427) to python application?","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am getting the API response from the URL as follows : \nI am not sure what encoding scheme is used. I am not sure how to check this and decode the string. I tried base64 decode and its not the one. \nTo give you a background : \nI used Packet Capture App to capture the request sent by the APP and the response. So there was no API documentation. \n\n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\\u003d\n\nAny help in this regard would be really helpful","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":278,"Q_Id":50427125,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It is Base64, the error is the last character \"\\u003d\" which is a UTF-16 \"=\", replace \"\\u003d\"' with \"=\" and it decodes properly to binary. Trailing Base64 encoded \"=\"characters are padding.\nSince it decode as Base64 and the trailing \"=\" character it sure seems to be Base64 encoded data.\nThe Base64 decoded binary in a hex representation is:\n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nTo me that looks like random data which is what encrypted data looks like, if so without the decryption key you will not be able to further decrypt it. It is 512 bytes in length which is multiple of common encryption block sizes.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,json,encryption,base64,decode","A_Id":50427755,"CreationDate":"2018-05-19T16:04:00.000","Title":"How to check the Encoding scheme on the API response","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have built a chatbot using AWS Lex and lambda. I have a use case where in a user enters a question (For example: What is the sale of an item in a particular region). I want that once this question is asked, a html form\/pop up appears that askes the user to select the value of region and item from dropdown menus and fills the slot of the question with the value selected by the user and then return a response. Can some one guide how can this be achieved? Thanks.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":224,"Q_Id":50447302,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Lex has something called response cards where your can add all the possible values. These are called prompts. The user can simply select his\/her choice and the slot gets filled. Lex response cards work in Facebook and slack. \nIn case of custom channel, you will have to custom develop the UI components.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,amazon-web-services,aws-lambda,chatbot,amazon-lex","A_Id":50462554,"CreationDate":"2018-05-21T10:54:00.000","Title":"Using aws lambda to render an html page in aws lex chatbot","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to write a script in Python to read a public Twitter profile. Specifically, I'd like to check for Tweets with images, and download those images (eventually, I'd like to add this as a cron job). I was looking into tweepy as a Twitter API wrapper. However, from what I understand, the Twitter API requires authentication even for actions that access public data - is that correct?\nSince all I need is to access a single public user timeline, going through the rigmarole of authenticating (and then having those credentials sitting on my computer in I'm not sure how secure a form) seems a little overkill.\nAre there other solutions out there (particularly Python-based) for reading public Twitter data?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2189,"Q_Id":50459620,"Users Score":3,"Answer":"Yes, Twitter does require, authentication to access any public\/private data of user. You need to create an app on Twitter to access the data. The app is required to keep a check on the number of requests, etc. made by a particular client, to prevent any abuse. This authentication is a general process followed by other API providers as well and this is the only recommended way. \nAnother advantage of creating a Twitter App is that other users can give permissions to your app and then you can access their private data as well such as DM, etc. \nAnother approach is web-scraping, but I would consider it as unethical as twitter is already providing it's API. Also you would need to update your scraping script each time there is some front end change by the Twitter developers.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,twitter","A_Id":50459886,"CreationDate":"2018-05-22T04:07:00.000","Title":"Building script to access public Twitter data, without authentication","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to retrieve fares between two different cities on a travel website. In the request headers, I see the following.\n'x-api-idtoken':'null',\n'x-api-key':'l7xx944d175ea25f4b9c903a583ea82a1c4c',\nDo they change\/expire with time?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":834,"Q_Id":50474098,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"They could change over time and in many cases do. Access keys\/tokens can be given a limited life span, but it is up to the service in question to control refresh, expiration and\/or revocation.\nGiven that the question does not contain an explicit reference to the web service involved, it is not possible to answer specifically for this case. Typically, the access management scheme is documented as part of the API.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,http-headers","A_Id":52833525,"CreationDate":"2018-05-22T18:16:00.000","Title":"x-api-key in request headers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I downloaded multiple modules (Discord API, cx_Freeze) (pip download, Windows 10) and now I wanted to use them. \nBut when I want to import them, it says there isn\u2019t any module. \nFrom my former Python using (before resetting computer) I\u2018ve added a pycache folder and it worked for one module. I\u2018m not able to reproduce it for other modules. What to do?\n\nI\u2018ve only one Python version (3.6.5) on PC.\nI\u2018ve checked the \\site-packages folder and they\u2018re there.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":464,"Q_Id":50546451,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you are using python3 then try downloading the library using \n\npip3 install libname\n\nbut if you are using python2 then install the library using \n\npip2 install libname or just pip install libname\n\ntry with these command and reply","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,api,module,python-import","A_Id":50546470,"CreationDate":"2018-05-26T19:45:00.000","Title":"Python: ModuleNotFound Error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm struggling to find a way of seeing the content of a xml file. I have done a lot of searching and the only progress I am making is to keep running my code without any results","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":587,"Q_Id":50550467,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Have a look at the BeautifulSoup package and use the lxml parser.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python","A_Id":50550515,"CreationDate":"2018-05-27T08:45:00.000","Title":"How can i see the content of a xml file in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to crawl some websites and while I am using headless chrome browser with selenium to render some HTLM that have embedded JS, I would also like to simply use requests, for the cases where there is no need for JS code rendering. \nIs there a way to know if the HTML needs to be rendered by a browser or if a simple requests.get() would give me the complete HTML content?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":44,"Q_Id":50568534,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Any HTML code generated by  tags won't be retrieved by requests. \nThe only way to know if a page would need to be rendered by a browser to generate the whole content is to check if its HTML code has  tags.\nStill, if the information you are interested on is not generated by JS, requests.get() will serve you well.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"javascript,python,html,selenium,python-requests","A_Id":55472306,"CreationDate":"2018-05-28T14:26:00.000","Title":"How to know HTML page needs to be rendered by JS compiler?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I work with python and data mine some content which I categorize into different categories. \nThen I go to a specific webpage and submit manually the results. \nIs there a way to automate the process? I guess this is a \"form-submit\" thread but I haven't seen any relevant module in Python. Can you suggest me something?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":64,"Q_Id":50589351,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want make this automatic yo have to see which params are send in the form and make a request with this params to the endpoint but directly from your python app, or search a package that simulate a browser and fill the form, but I think that the correct way is making the request directly from your app","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,form-submit","A_Id":50589450,"CreationDate":"2018-05-29T16:52:00.000","Title":"How to fill textareas and select option (select tag) and hit submit (input tag) via python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I work with python and data mine some content which I categorize into different categories. \nThen I go to a specific webpage and submit manually the results. \nIs there a way to automate the process? I guess this is a \"form-submit\" thread but I haven't seen any relevant module in Python. Can you suggest me something?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":64,"Q_Id":50589351,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Selenium Webdriver is the most popular way to drive web pages, but Python also has beautifulsoup;  Either library will work.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,form-submit","A_Id":50589446,"CreationDate":"2018-05-29T16:52:00.000","Title":"How to fill textareas and select option (select tag) and hit submit (input tag) via python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm trying to make a Discord bot in Python that a user can request a unit every few minutes, and later ask the bot how many units they have. Would creating a google spreadsheet for the bot to write each user's number of units to be a good idea, or is there a better way to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":252,"Q_Id":50590788,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Using a database is the best option. If you're working with a small number of users and requests you could use something even simpler like a text file for ease of use, but I'd recommend a database.\nEasy to use database options include sqlite (use the sqlite3 python library) and MongoDB (I use the mongoengine python library for my Slack bot).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,discord.py","A_Id":50590881,"CreationDate":"2018-05-29T18:31:00.000","Title":"Discord bot with user specific counter","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a list of S3 keys for the same bucket my_s3_bucket.\nWhat is the most efficient way to figure out which of those keys actually exist in aws S3. By efficient I mean with low latency and hopefully low network bandwidth usage.\nNote: the keys don't share the same prefix so filtering by a single prefix is not effective\nThe two suboptimal approaches I can think of:\n\nCheck the existence of each key, one-by-one\nList all keys in the bucket and check locally. This is not good if the total number of keys is large since listing the keys will still incur many network calls.\n\nIs there any better alternative?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":208,"Q_Id":50638573,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"To answer your question: there is not alternative exposed by the S3 API.\nUsing multiple threads or asynchronous I\/O are solid ways to reduce the real time required to make multiple requests, by doing them in parallel, as you mentioned.\nA further enhancement that might be worth considering would be to wrap this logic up in an AWS Lambda function that you could invoke with a bucket name and a list of object keys as arguments.  Parallellize the bucket operations inside the Lambda function and return the results to the caller already parsed and interpeted, in one tidy response.  This would put most of the bandwidth usage between the function and S3 on the AWS network within the region, which should be the fastest possible place for it to happen.  Lambda functions are an excellent way to abstract away any AWS interaction that requires multiple API requests.  \nThis also allows your Lambda function to be written in a different language than the main project, if desired, because the language does not matter across that boundary -- it's just JSON crossing the border between the two.  Some AWS interactions are easier to do (or to execute in complex series\/parallel fashion) in some languages than in others, in my opinion, so for example, your function could be written in Node.JS even though your project is written in python, and this would make no difference when it comes to invoking the funcrion and using the response it generates.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto3","A_Id":50645869,"CreationDate":"2018-06-01T07:49:00.000","Title":"What is the most efficient way in python of checking the existence of multiple s3 keys in the same bucket?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Even after installing selenium using pip on Python 3.6.3, whenever I try to run a code with import selenium I get the message that ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'selenium'.\nI usually use Anaconda Prompt and run my codes in Jupyter notebook, but I made the installation also in regular cmd.\nDoes anyone have an idea about how to solve this?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":170,"Q_Id":50660585,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I think you have both python 2.x and python 3.x installed on your system.\nWhen you do pip install selenium, the module gets installed for python 2.x.\nTo install the module for python 3.x, use pip3 install selenium.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,anaconda,jupyter-notebook","A_Id":50660627,"CreationDate":"2018-06-02T19:47:00.000","Title":"Python not finding modules","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've started tinkering with python recently and I'm on my way to create my very first telegram bot mainly for managing my Raspberry Pi and a few things connected to it. The bot is done but I would like to send a message to all the users that have already interacted with the bot when it starts, basically saying something like \"I'm ready!\", but I haven't been able to find any information about it.\nIs there any specific method in the API already done to do this? Or should I create another file to store the chat_id from all the users and read it with python?\nThank you all for your help!! Regards!","AnswerCount":4,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.049958375,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3875,"Q_Id":50668567,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You should save users in database or file.After that use for to send_message one by one to all users that you have in database or file.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot","A_Id":50695439,"CreationDate":"2018-06-03T16:31:00.000","Title":"Send a message to all users when the bot wake up","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I ran python3 -m pip install -U discord.py but it only installed discord.py v0.16.x. How do I install the new discord.py rewrite v1.0? \nI uninstalled the old discord.py using pip uninstall discord.py and re-ran pip to install discord.py, only to get version v0.16.x again instead of the new v1.0 version.","AnswerCount":18,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46947,"Q_Id":50686388,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If your also having trouble with all the above install python using the Microscoft Store and use the commands above in command prompt","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,anaconda,discord,discord.py,discord.py-rewrite","A_Id":65622492,"CreationDate":"2018-06-04T18:06:00.000","Title":"How to install discord.py rewrite?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I ran python3 -m pip install -U discord.py but it only installed discord.py v0.16.x. How do I install the new discord.py rewrite v1.0? \nI uninstalled the old discord.py using pip uninstall discord.py and re-ran pip to install discord.py, only to get version v0.16.x again instead of the new v1.0 version.","AnswerCount":18,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46947,"Q_Id":50686388,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"pip install discord.py\nInstalling from the source[branch:master] is not recommended since it is in the testing phase(Writing as of 5\/30\/2021).If you want to test out  buttons then sure go ahead and run pip install -U git+https:\/\/github.com\/Rapptz\/discord.py@master","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,anaconda,discord,discord.py,discord.py-rewrite","A_Id":67759391,"CreationDate":"2018-06-04T18:06:00.000","Title":"How to install discord.py rewrite?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I ran python3 -m pip install -U discord.py but it only installed discord.py v0.16.x. How do I install the new discord.py rewrite v1.0? \nI uninstalled the old discord.py using pip uninstall discord.py and re-ran pip to install discord.py, only to get version v0.16.x again instead of the new v1.0 version.","AnswerCount":18,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.022218565,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46947,"Q_Id":50686388,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Open Command Prompt and type in;\npip install discord.py\nor;\npip install discord.py==1.0.1\nand then if you want voice do;\npip install discord.py[voice]","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,anaconda,discord,discord.py,discord.py-rewrite","A_Id":56053192,"CreationDate":"2018-06-04T18:06:00.000","Title":"How to install discord.py rewrite?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I ran python3 -m pip install -U discord.py but it only installed discord.py v0.16.x. How do I install the new discord.py rewrite v1.0? \nI uninstalled the old discord.py using pip uninstall discord.py and re-ran pip to install discord.py, only to get version v0.16.x again instead of the new v1.0 version.","AnswerCount":18,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46947,"Q_Id":50686388,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Open CMD and go to the folder of your discord bot eg:\ncd C:\\Users\\max\\Desktop\\DiscordBot\nNext type this in CMD: pip install discord.py\nThat should work","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,anaconda,discord,discord.py,discord.py-rewrite","A_Id":63932305,"CreationDate":"2018-06-04T18:06:00.000","Title":"How to install discord.py rewrite?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I ran python3 -m pip install -U discord.py but it only installed discord.py v0.16.x. How do I install the new discord.py rewrite v1.0? \nI uninstalled the old discord.py using pip uninstall discord.py and re-ran pip to install discord.py, only to get version v0.16.x again instead of the new v1.0 version.","AnswerCount":18,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46947,"Q_Id":50686388,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Go to python.org and click on download python.\n\nNow, open and run it. Make sure you add python to the path. Click on Install. Once installed you can close it.\n\nGo to git-scm.com and click on Download for Windows.\n\nOnce installed open it. Make sure Use git from windows command prompt is selected.\nThen after clicking on next on everything, click on install.\n\nOnce install is finished, hit finish.\n\nCopy your script address. In my case, it was Local\/\/Programs\/\/Python\/\/Python39\/\/Scripts\n\nOpen your command prompt and type cd Local\/\/Programs\/\/Python\/\/Python39\/\/Scripts. Paste your address there, mine will not work for you. Hit Enter.\n\nThen type py -3 -m pip install -U discord.py. Hit enter again. Once the install is finished close the command prompt.\n\n\nNow you are ready to go ;)","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,anaconda,discord,discord.py,discord.py-rewrite","A_Id":64515264,"CreationDate":"2018-06-04T18:06:00.000","Title":"How to install discord.py rewrite?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I ran python3 -m pip install -U discord.py but it only installed discord.py v0.16.x. How do I install the new discord.py rewrite v1.0? \nI uninstalled the old discord.py using pip uninstall discord.py and re-ran pip to install discord.py, only to get version v0.16.x again instead of the new v1.0 version.","AnswerCount":18,"Available Count":6,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":46947,"Q_Id":50686388,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Easy, open Command Prompt and type \"pip install discord.py\"\nIf you do that you're most probably going to want \"pip install requests\"\nIf the pip command doesn't work, open your python installer and make sure to click on the add to evironment variables option!\nThat's all your good to go!\nUse Visual Studio Code or Atom, they are the best so far that I have used for my bot!","Q_Score":13,"Tags":"python,anaconda,discord,discord.py,discord.py-rewrite","A_Id":62136173,"CreationDate":"2018-06-04T18:06:00.000","Title":"How to install discord.py rewrite?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new comer of Selenium, and I can use selenium with Chromedriver to do basic auto-test now, the code works fine, but the problem is Chrome browser always update automatically at the backend, and code always fail to run after Chrome update. I know I need to download new chromedriver to solve this issue, but I wonder if there's any way to solve this issue without disabling chromebrowser update? tks.\nI'm using Windows 10 \/ Chrome Version 67 \/ Python 3.6.4 \/ Selenium 3.12.0","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":32246,"Q_Id":50692358,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"For me this resolve the issue:\npip install --upgrade --force-reinstall chromedriver-binary-auto","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,selenium,selenium-webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":70550827,"CreationDate":"2018-06-05T05:00:00.000","Title":"How to work with a specific version of ChromeDriver while Chrome Browser gets updated automatically through Python selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new comer of Selenium, and I can use selenium with Chromedriver to do basic auto-test now, the code works fine, but the problem is Chrome browser always update automatically at the backend, and code always fail to run after Chrome update. I know I need to download new chromedriver to solve this issue, but I wonder if there's any way to solve this issue without disabling chromebrowser update? tks.\nI'm using Windows 10 \/ Chrome Version 67 \/ Python 3.6.4 \/ Selenium 3.12.0","AnswerCount":8,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":32246,"Q_Id":50692358,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Maybe this will help you.\nI managed to use ChromeDriver version 96.0.4664.45 editing in JUPYTER, I was using Pycharm before and it didn't respond.","Q_Score":10,"Tags":"python,google-chrome,selenium,selenium-webdriver,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":70526550,"CreationDate":"2018-06-05T05:00:00.000","Title":"How to work with a specific version of ChromeDriver while Chrome Browser gets updated automatically through Python selenium","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Trying to switch from rabbitMQ to activeMQ keeping kombu library but my script just hang on. Does kombu supports activeMQ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":206,"Q_Id":50739516,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I've never heard of anyone using it with ActiveMQ but given it is seemingly designed for Rabbit I'd guess not as Rabbit is not based on an official AMQP version but the draft AMQP 0.9 versions.  ActiveMQ implements AMQP v1.0 which is the official AMQP version an so that library would need to implement that in order to be compatible.  \nThe Apache Qpid project supplies a number of clients that can be used against ActiveMQ","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,activemq,amqp,kombu","A_Id":50742888,"CreationDate":"2018-06-07T10:59:00.000","Title":"Is it possible to use kombu as client library for activeMQ?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My influxdb measurement have 24 Field Keys and 5 tag keys.\nI try to do 'select last(cpu) from mymeasurement', and found result :\n\nWhen there is no client throwing data into it, it'll take around 2 seconds to got the result\nBut when I run 95 client throwing data (per 5 seconds) into it, the query will take more than 10 seconds before it show the result. is it normal ?\n\nNote :\nMy system is a Centos7 VM in xenserver with 4 vcore CPU and 8 GB ram, the top command show 30% cpu while that clients throw datas.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":642,"Q_Id":50743503,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Some ideas:\nCheck your vCPU configuration on other VMs running on the same host. Other VMs you might have that don't need the extra vCPUs should only be configured with one vCPU, for a latency boost. \nIf your DB server requires 4 vCPUs and your host already has very little CPU% used during queries, you might want to check the storage and memory configurations of the VM in case your server is slow due to swap partition use, especially if your swap partition is located on a Virtual Disk over the network via iSCSI or NFS. \nIt might also be a memory allocation issue within the VM and server application. If you have XenTools installed on the VM, try on a system without the XenTools installed to rule out latency issues related to the XenTools driver.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"influxdb,influxdb-python","A_Id":50922084,"CreationDate":"2018-06-07T14:14:00.000","Title":"influxDB query speed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I just got acquainted with the keyboard buttons for telegram bots using the .KeyboardButton from the Telegram API documentation but I have an issue; so far I've only been able to design the buttons such that the output after clicking on the button is the same as it's caption\/placeholder which is really not helpful for what I want to do.\nI have commands set and all already so for example I want the output of a button labeled \"Rules\" to be \/rules in order to initiate the command action instead of the bot output being \"Rules\". I'm working with Python although I'm open to anyone working on the same stuff in other languages.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":4783,"Q_Id":50755566,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"you may add a space character to the KeyboardButton text and then parse it from the message, or, if you don't like spaces to appear at the start, just add them to the end. heh, that's not enough right, so soft hyphen might be used, it's hex is \\xC2\\xAD (it doesn't show up, at least at my telegrams).\nso, that works for me,\nhope mr.durov won't change that..\nI've got pinged at SF because of downvote.. ye, okay, The question is about keyboard_markup, which creates buttons below text input area, they produce instant input, which prints button caption in the chat, the bot may parse them as commands (which normally start with \"\/\" character), so the question is about how to distinguish them properly.. This is not recommended route (as it seems).\nWith inline_markup, you create buttons that produce callbacks with custom data, so there will be no user input in the chat.","Q_Score":4,"Tags":"python,telegram,telegram-bot,python-telegram-bot,php-telegram-bot","A_Id":66487402,"CreationDate":"2018-06-08T07:31:00.000","Title":"How to make telegram keyboard button issue commands?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"What's the best approach in python to do something like what happens when you run jupyter notebook, in other words, run a server (for example, with http.server) on some available port if the default one isn't available? Is it common to just catch the error if starting the server fails and try a different port until it works?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":69,"Q_Id":50770485,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can use port 0 - this will bind your server to some port that is currently known to be available by kernel. However, that makes a problem of service discovery - how your clients will know which port number server is listening on? If that's only you, shouldn't be big deal.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,server","A_Id":50770554,"CreationDate":"2018-06-09T02:49:00.000","Title":"find available port to run server","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is a website that claims to predict the approximate salary of an individual on the basis of the following criteria presented in the form of individual drop-down\n\nAge : 5 options\nEducation : 3 Options\nSex : 3 Options\nWork Experience : 4 Options\nNationality: 12 Options\n\nOn clicking the Submit button, the website gives a bunch of text as output on a new page with an estimate of the salary in numerals. \nSo, there are technically 5*3*3*4*12 = 2160 data points. I want to get that and arrange it in an excel sheet. Then I would run a regression algorithm to guess the function this website has used. This is what I am looking forward to achieve through this exercise. This is entirely for learning purposes since I'm keen on learning these tools.\nBut I don't know how to go about it? Any relevant tutorial, documentation, guide would help! I am programming in python and I'd love to use it to achieve this task!\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":50,"Q_Id":50776071,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If you are uncomfortable asking them for database as roganjosh suggested :) use Selenium. Write in Python a script that controls Web Driver and repeatedly sends requests to all possible combinations. The script is pretty simple, just a nested loop for each type of parameter\/drop down.\nIf you are sure that value of each type do not depend on each other, check what request is sent to the server. If it is simple URL encoded, like age=...&sex=...&..., then Selenium is not needed. Just generate such URLa for all possible combinations and call the server.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,web-scraping,regression","A_Id":50776223,"CreationDate":"2018-06-09T15:59:00.000","Title":"How to write a python program that 'scrapes' the results from a website for all possible combinations chosen from the given drop down menus?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I plan to install Python and Selenium on MacOS 10.12.1. \nWhat would be the better choice - Python 2.7 or 3.6.5? On windows I use 2.7, because I read that it works faster. But are there any proven obstacles while working with Python 3 and Selenium on Mac?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":31,"Q_Id":50792163,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I have been using Python 3 for quite a long time now. There is not really a performance issue that is quite noticeable. I would suggest Python 3 or which ever is the newer one because as they keep developing they will be adding new things that you might need and remove some older vulnerabilities. I would suggest you upgrade to Python 3. There might be some getting used to the new syntax but it can be quickly come over as you keep developing.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,macos","A_Id":50792233,"CreationDate":"2018-06-11T07:10:00.000","Title":"MacOS Sierra 10.12.1 - selenium - which version of Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"There is plenty of info on how to use what seems to be third-party packages that allow you to access your sFTP by inputting your credentials into these packages.  \nMy dilemma is this: How do I know that these third-party packages are not sharing my credentials with developers\/etc?\nThank you in advance for your input.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":53,"Q_Id":50806632,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Thanks everyone for comments. \nTo distill it: Unless you do a code review yourself or you get a the sftp package from a verified vendor (ie - packages made by Amazon for AWS), you can not assume that these packages are \"safe\" and won't post your info to a third-party site.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,security,sftp,paramiko","A_Id":50827731,"CreationDate":"2018-06-11T22:00:00.000","Title":"Security of SFTP packages in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Can someone point me the right direction to where I can sync up a live video and audio stream?\nI know it sound simple but here is my issue: \n\nWe have 2 computers streaming to a single computer across multiple networks (which can be up to hundreds of miles away).\nAll three computers have their system clocks synchronized using NTP\nVideo computer gathers video and streams UDP to the Display computer\nAudio computer gathers audio and also streams to the Display computer\n\nThere is an application which accepts the audio stream.  This application does two things (plays the audio over the speakers and sends network delay information to my application).  I am not privileged to the method which they stream the audio.\nMy application displays the video and two other tasks (which I haven't been able to figure out how to do yet).\n- I need to be able to determine the network delay on the video stream (ideally, it would be great to have a timestamp on the video stream from the Video computer which is related to that system clock so I can compare that timestamp to my own system clock).\n- I also need to delay the video display to allow it to be synced up with the audio.\nEverything I have found assumes that either the audio and video are being streamed from the same computer, or that the audio stream is being done by gstreamer so I could use some sync function.  I am not privileged to the actual audio stream.  I am only given the amount of time the audio was delayed getting there (network delay).\nSo intermittently, I am given a number as the network delay for the audio (example: 250 ms).  I need to be able to determine my own network delay for the video (which I don't know how to do yet).  Then I need to compare to see if the audio delay is more than the video network delay.  Say the video is 100ms ... then I would need to delay the video display by 150ms (which I also don't know how to do).  \nANY HELP is appreciated.  I am trying to pick up where someone else has left off in this design so it hasn't been easy for me to figure this out and move forward.  Also being done in Python ... which further limits the information I have been able to find. Thanks.  \nScott","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3020,"Q_Id":50807114,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"A typical way to synch audio and video tracks or streams is have a timestamp for each frame or packet, which is relative to the start of the streams.\nThis way you know that no mater how long it took to get to you, the correct audio to match with the video frame which is 20001999 (for example) milliseconds from the start is the audio which is also timestamped as 20001999 milliseconds from the start.\nTrying to synch audio and video based on an estimate of the network delay will be extremely hard as the delay is very unlikely to be constant, especially on any kind of IP network.\nIf you really have no timestamp information available, then you may have to investigate more complex approaches such as 'markers' in the stream metadata or even some intelligent analysis of the audio and video streams to synch on an event in the streams themselves.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,video,udp,gstreamer,ntp","A_Id":50833346,"CreationDate":"2018-06-11T22:56:00.000","Title":"How to sync 2 streams from separate sources","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"The module 'discord' I installed in the command prompt which I ran as administrator can't be found. It's located in my site-packages directory along with some other modules such as setuptools which when I import, are imported successfully without error. However, discord which is in the same directory doesn't. In the environment variables I have Path which I've specified to site-packages but I still receive the error that discord cannot be found.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2176,"Q_Id":50848070,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"That error is common on Python version 3.7\n\nIf you are trying to run your bot or discord app with Python 3.7 and getting an error such as Invalid Syntax, we recommend that you install Python 3.6.x instead. Discord.py isn't supported on 3.7 due to asyncio not supporting it.\n  Remember to add Python to PATH!\n\nInstall an older version of PY to run discord!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,module,discord","A_Id":51535001,"CreationDate":"2018-06-14T00:33:00.000","Title":"I Installed a Module Called Discord and When Using \"import discord\" I Get the Error: \"ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'discord'\"","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using bs4 and urllib.request in python 3.6 to webscrape. I have to open tabs \/ be able to toggle an \"aria-expanded\" in button tabs in order to access the div tabs I need.\nThe button tab when the tab is closed is as follows with <> instead of --:\nbutton id=\"0-accordion-tab-0\" type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-panel-title u-padding-ver-s u-text-left text-l js-accordion-panel-title\" aria-controls=\"0-accordion-panel-0\" aria-expanded=\"false\"\nWhen opened, the aria-expanded=\"true\" and the div tab appears underneath.\nAny idea on how to do this?\nHelp would be super appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1681,"Q_Id":50882732,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"BeautifulSoup is used to parse HTML\/XML content. You can't click around on a webpage with it. \nI recommend you look through the document to make sure it isn't just moving the content from one place to the other. If the content is loaded through AJAX when the button is clicked then you will have to use something like selenium to trigger the click.\nAn easier option could be to check what url the content is fetched from when you click the button and make a similar call in your script if possible.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,dom,web-scraping,beautifulsoup,urlopen","A_Id":50882877,"CreationDate":"2018-06-15T21:13:00.000","Title":"Accessing Hidden Tabs, Web Scraping With Python 3.6","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am a python newbie  and i have a controler that get Post requests.\nI try to print to log file the request that it receive, i am able to print the body but how can i extract all the request include the headers?\nI am using request.POST.get() to get the body\/data from the request.\nThanks","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":264,"Q_Id":50903244,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"request.POST should give you the POST body if it is get use request.GET\nif the request body is json use request.data","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django","A_Id":50903304,"CreationDate":"2018-06-18T05:46:00.000","Title":"How to print all recieved post request include headers in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have to write automation scripts using python and Robot framework. I have installed python, Robotframework, RIDE, wxpython. I have installed sikuli library but when I import it in my project, library is not imported. I have tried 'Import Library Spec XML'. My question is from where do I import this .xml or how do I create it?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1441,"Q_Id":50949412,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"First check whether Sikuli is installed in python directory's \\Lib\\site-packages.\nRobot test should contain as below:\n* Settings *\nDocumentation     Sikuli Library Demo\nLibrary           SikuliLibrary    mode=NEW\n* Test Cases *\nSample_Sikuli_Test\nblabh blabh etc","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-2.7,robotframework,sikuli","A_Id":51034898,"CreationDate":"2018-06-20T13:27:00.000","Title":"Unable to import sikuli library in RIDE","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How do I pass a complete folder from a master node to a worker node in spark?  \nI am using one master node and one worker node in a standalone cluster.  \nsc.addFile() passes a file from master to worker, but I want to pass a folder. \nThanks for the help.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":66,"Q_Id":50950170,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is another method available:\n\npublic void addFile(String path,\n                     boolean recursive)\nrecursive - if true, a directory can be given in path. Currently directories are only supported for Hadoop-supported filesystems.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,apache-spark,pyspark,spark-streaming","A_Id":50951871,"CreationDate":"2018-06-20T14:05:00.000","Title":"How to pass folder from master node to worker node?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a Docker image which runs a python subprocess, which is a node.js server exposing an end point \/check. The whole thing is put inside a Kubernetes pod and uses \/check as the readinessProbe endpoint.\nNow at some point, I want to close this endpoint or force-fail all the requests coming at it. Ideally, I want to do this via higher-level entities (i.e. Kubernetes lifecycle hooks) so as not to touch the lower-level implementation (such as opening a new endpoint \/stop that switch some boolean flag and force the \/check to fail)\nIs that possible at all? If not, what is the best alternative?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":50,"Q_Id":50966018,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Is that possible at all? If not, what is the best alternative?\n\nI believe there are a few:\n\nremote address filtering\nmagic headers\na formal proxy container\n\nremote address\nRequests to \/check coming from kubernetes will come from the Node's SDN IP address (so if a Node's SDN subnet is 10.10.5.0\/24, then requests will come from 10.10.5.1), so you could permit the checks from the .1 of the \/24 assigned to the Pod\nmagic headers\nThe httpGet readinessProbe allows httpHeaders: so you could turn on HTTP Basic auth for \/check and then put the - name: Authentication value: Basic xxyyzz== in the httpHeaders:\na formal proxy container\nAdd a 2nd container to the Pod that runs haproxy and filters \/check requests to return 401 or 404 or whatever you want. Since all containers in a Pod share the same networking namespace, configuring haproxy to speak to your node.js server will be super trivial, and your readinessProbe (as well as liveliness) can continue to use the URL because only kubernetes will have access to it by using the non-haproxy container's port. To complete that loop, point the Service at the haproxy container's port.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,node.js,docker,kubernetes","A_Id":50981018,"CreationDate":"2018-06-21T10:15:00.000","Title":"Close off an endpoint on node.js server by via Kubernetes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to send an ACK with a data payload using the socket library but I cannot understand how to do it.\nIs this supported and if not, what are the alternatives?","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":3315,"Q_Id":50989064,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"you can't do this , Socket library uses high level APIs like :\nbind()\nlisten()\naccept() ... etc\nthe acks will be handled for you ,","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,tcp","A_Id":50989676,"CreationDate":"2018-06-22T13:28:00.000","Title":"How to send ACK with data payload using python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have this large XML file on my drive. The file is too large to be opened with sublimetext or other text editors. \nIt is also too large to be loaded in memory by the regular XML parsers.\nTherefore, I dont even know what's inside of it!\nIs it just possible to \"print\" a few rows of the XML files (as if it was some sort of text document) so that I have an idea of the nodes\/content? \nI am suprised not to find an easy solution to that issue.\nThanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0665680765,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1845,"Q_Id":50994801,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This is one of the few things I ever do on the command line: the \"more\" command is your friend. Just type\n\nmore big.xml","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,xml","A_Id":50995481,"CreationDate":"2018-06-22T19:56:00.000","Title":"how to print the first lines of a large XML?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I send POST request with a csv or a text file to the server running on a localhost using cURL. \nI have tried curl -X POST -d @file.csv http:\/\/localhost:5000\/upload but I get \n\n{\n      \"message\": \"The browser (or proxy) sent a request that this server could not understand.\"\n  }\n\nMy server is flask_restful API. Thanks a lot in advance.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":23637,"Q_Id":50998620,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Curl's default Content-Type is application\/x-www-form-urlencoded so your problem is probably that the data you are POSTing is not actually form data. It might work if you set the content type header properly:\n\n-H \"Content-Type: text\/csv\"\n\nThough it does depend on the server.","Q_Score":14,"Tags":"python-3.x,curl,flask,flask-restful","A_Id":50998749,"CreationDate":"2018-06-23T06:36:00.000","Title":"POST csv\/Text file using cURL","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"A third party monitoring app expects the host header to be set to a certain value in order to recognise the message I send it (it defaults to localhost when sending locally). So I need to set it manually. \nMy syslog message is sent via simple python socket connection (socket.send) and I have tried prepending date time followed by host to the message string I pass in as parameter. However the 3rd party system still detects it as localhost, indicating that is not setting the header.\nHow do I set the header of a syslog message via python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":250,"Q_Id":51008666,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"The hostname is added to the message by the local syslog server, i.e. is not set inside Python at all. Thus, your local system needs to be configured properly in order to send the correct hostname when forwarding syslog messages to other systems.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,syslog","A_Id":51008937,"CreationDate":"2018-06-24T09:38:00.000","Title":"How to set host header field in a syslog message?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Connectivity to pypi.org is blocked in corporate windows laptop hence not able to install pip,selenium etc... Is there any other way to achieve this?\nERROR \n\nH:\\script>python get-pip.py Collecting pip   Retrying (Retry(total=4,\n  connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection\n  broken by\n  'ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to pypi.org timed out.\n  (connect timeout=15)')': \/simple\/pip\/ Operation cancelled by user","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":450,"Q_Id":51035406,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Use proxy to install python packages on corporate servers behind firewall. \nsomething like this:\npip install --proxy www-proxy.xxxxxxx.com:8080 psutil","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python","A_Id":53090042,"CreationDate":"2018-06-26T05:25:00.000","Title":"Not able to install python modules such as pip,selenium etc","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to speed up the loading time for pages on selenium because I don't need anything more than the HTML (I am trying to scrape all the links using BeautifulSoup). Using PageLoadStrategy.NONE doesn't work to scrape all the links, and Chrome no longer supports PageLoadStrategy.EAGER. Does anyone know of a workaround to get PageLoadStrategy.EAGER in python?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":6458,"Q_Id":51087832,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You only use normal or none as the pageLoadStrategy in chromdriver. So either choose none and handle everything yourself or wait for the page load as it normally happens","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python-3.x,selenium,web-scraping,selenium-chromedriver,pageloadstrategy","A_Id":51088883,"CreationDate":"2018-06-28T16:41:00.000","Title":"\"Eager\" Page Load Strategy workaround for Chromedriver Selenium in Python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am implementing soap toolkit api. After submitting credit card info it redirects me towards the 3rd party page to get the password. I want to avoid that redirection is it possible to load that page within my domain or on my custom page using IFRAME.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":150,"Q_Id":51091419,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Not exactly an answer but more of a request for clarifying information: When you say \"it redirects me towards the 3rd party page to get the password\", are you talking about the 3D-Secure process?  I think I understand what you are trying to accomplish, but in order to use 3D Secure, I think the idea is to guide the end-user through the process of the additional Verification (security) process. So I think the redirection is required as a matter of how the Business Process (or 3D-Secure) works.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,soap-client,cybersource","A_Id":51107797,"CreationDate":"2018-06-28T21:22:00.000","Title":"Cybersource soap toolkit api avoid redirection on 3rd party domain","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I need to make a simple API using Python.\nThere are many tutorials to make a REST API using Django REST framework, but I don't need REST service, I just need to be able to process POST requests.\nHow can I do that? I'm new to Python.\nThank you!","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":5025,"Q_Id":51134093,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Well if you don't need the whole DRF stuff than just don't use it. \nDjango is built around views  which take HTTP requests (whatever the verb - POST, GET etc) and return HTTP responses (which can be html, json, text, csv, binary data, whatever), and are mapped to urls, so all you have to do is to write your views and map them to url.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,django,api,post","A_Id":51134824,"CreationDate":"2018-07-02T10:30:00.000","Title":"Python simple API application without Django REST framework","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am using search_ext_s() method of python-ldap to search results on the basis of filter_query, upon completion of search I get msg_id which I passed in result function like this ldap_object.result(msg_id) this returns tuple like this (100, attributes values) which is correct(I also tried result2, result3, result4 method of LDAP object), But how can I get response code for ldap search request, also if there are no result for given filter_criteria I get empty list whereas in case of exception I get proper message like this \nldap.SERVER_DOWN: {u'info': 'Transport endpoint is not connected', 'errno': 107, 'desc': u\"Can't contact LDAP server\"}\nCan somebody please help me if there exists any attribute which can give result code for successful LDAP search operation.\nThanks,\nRadhika","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":549,"Q_Id":51174045,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"An LDAP server simply may not return any results, even if there was nothing wrong with the search operation sent by the client. With python-ldap you get an empty result list. Most times this is due to access control hiding directory content. In general the LDAP server won't tell you why it did not return results.\n(There are some special cases where ldap.INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS is raised but you should expect the behaviour to be different when using different LDAP servers.)\nIn python-ldap if the search operation did not raise an exception the LDAP result code was ok(0). So your application has to deal with an empty search result in some application-specific way, e.g. by also raising a custom exception handled by upper layers.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-ldap","A_Id":51365948,"CreationDate":"2018-07-04T12:45:00.000","Title":"search_s search_ext_s search_s methods of python-ldap library doesn't return any Success response code","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there a way to use github3.py python library to access github with a SSH key?\nI'm trying to create a service that writes on some repositories using a machine user for security reasons.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":138,"Q_Id":51192262,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Unfortunately, the GitHub API doesn't provide a way to authenticate with SSH keys. Thus, github3.py provides no way to login using SSH keys.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,github-api,github3.py","A_Id":51211308,"CreationDate":"2018-07-05T13:13:00.000","Title":"github3.py login using ssh keys","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I captured some Internet packets via Wireshark, now i want to extract the payload length only from the total length of the packet Using PYTHON. I can get the full length of the packet using pkt.length or pkt.captured_length. But i didn't find any command for extracting only payload size.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1999,"Q_Id":51279053,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"Payload size must be calculated based on the embedded protocol headers and lengths.  For example, the IP total length (which is most likely what you are seeing as \"packet length\") is the length of the entire IP datagram, including IP header, embedded protocol headers, and data.  To find the payload length you must, just as an IP stack would:\n\ndetermine the length of the IP header (likely 20, but it can have options) by multiplying the low order nibble of the first byte by 4.  \nDetermine the embedded protocol header based on the value of the 9th byte in the IP header\nDetermine the header length of the embedded protocol header; for instance, if this is TCP, multiplying the high order nibble of the twelfth byte by 4 to determine the total header length of the TCP header including options.\n\nIf you add up these values, you can then subtract them from the IP total length (packet length) to determine the payload length.\nOf course, from an IP point of view, you could just subtract the length of the IP header from the total length; from IP's point of view, everything inside of it is just payload. :)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,wireshark,packet-capture,payload","A_Id":51286456,"CreationDate":"2018-07-11T06:55:00.000","Title":"Extracting Packet payload length","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to divide a city into n squares. \nRight now, I'm calculating the coordinates for all square centres and using the ox.graph_from_point function to extract the OSM data for each of them.\nHowever, this is getting quite long at high n due to the API pausing times.\nMy question:\nIs there a way to download all city data from OSM, and then divide the cache file into squares (using ox.graph_from_point or other) without making a request for each?\nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":161,"Q_Id":51287813,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Using OSMnx directly - no, there isn't. You would have to script your own solution using the existing tools OSMnx provides.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x,osmnx","A_Id":51637340,"CreationDate":"2018-07-11T14:15:00.000","Title":"OSMnx: Divide a cache ox.graph into equal squares without redownloading each","Data Science and Machine Learning":1,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Hello I would like to ask if is possible to update my app with a socket server like in other apps when there is an update so its downloading and updating the code without downloading the app again","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":35,"Q_Id":51313649,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"To answer you question directly, \"yes, it is possible\".  Python is a general purpose language and can do that kind of thing readily enough.  the \"how\" will depend your app.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,updates","A_Id":51313884,"CreationDate":"2018-07-12T20:07:00.000","Title":"UPDATE my script in python with python socket","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Pretty self-explanatory, trying to do a small web scraper from a google search, but when trying to import, using \"from google import search\" I get the error:\n\nModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'google'. \n\nWhen trying to install google again from the command prompt using \"pip install google\" I get the error: \nRequirement already satisfied: google in c:\\users\\dsimard\\python\\lib\\site-packages (2.0.1)\nRequirement already satisfied: beautifulsoup4 in c:\\users\\dsimard\\python\\lib\\site-packages (from google) (4.6.0)\nI am writing this program in eclipse.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":432,"Q_Id":51331133,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Try from googlesearch import search","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,eclipse","A_Id":51573332,"CreationDate":"2018-07-13T18:40:00.000","Title":"getting error \"modulenotfounderror: No module named 'google'\" but when trying to install through command prompt it says requirement already satisfied","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"So I have this website that I made in web2py and launched using python anywhere. I am using godaddy to host the domain. \nWhen I go to the website though it is not https and is not trusted. So, I bought the trusted site trustmark from godaddy and they are telling me to add a line of javascript into the code of the website to make it trusted. \nBut, I can't figure out where to put this line of code. What file do I put this code in in web2py to make the entire site https?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":54,"Q_Id":51341005,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Add the specified <script> tag near the bottom of the \/views\/layout.html file of the web2py app, which will result in it being included in every page that extends that layout (if you serve some pages with a different layout or without extending a layout, then you'll need to separately include the code in those views as well).","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"https,web2py,pythonanywhere,godaddy-api,trusted-sites","A_Id":51341232,"CreationDate":"2018-07-14T15:50:00.000","Title":"How to make a web2py site a trusted site","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to install discord.py with voice support into Pythonista on my iPad using StaSh. The problem is that when I enter the command pip install discord.py[voice] like it says to in the documentation, I get an error that says Error: Failed to fetch package release urls. Can anyone help me figure out what the issue is here? Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":784,"Q_Id":51343961,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"In discord.py docs, it says using this command:\npip install -U discord.py[voice]\ntry that.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,pip,python-3.6,discord.py,pythonista","A_Id":66851297,"CreationDate":"2018-07-14T22:46:00.000","Title":"Discord.py[voice] giving installation error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to install discord.py with voice support into Pythonista on my iPad using StaSh. The problem is that when I enter the command pip install discord.py[voice] like it says to in the documentation, I get an error that says Error: Failed to fetch package release urls. Can anyone help me figure out what the issue is here? Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks!","AnswerCount":3,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":784,"Q_Id":51343961,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Add quotemarks around \"discord.py[VOICE]\" and see if it works","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,pip,python-3.6,discord.py,pythonista","A_Id":66851237,"CreationDate":"2018-07-14T22:46:00.000","Title":"Discord.py[voice] giving installation error","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Actually I have 2 questions. I added google, facebook and twitter sign in to my android app. I use firebase sign in for register and login. After that I will use my own python server. Now, I want to add auto sign in. Namely, after first login, it won't show login page again and it will open other pages automatically. I searched but i didn't find a sample for this structure. How can I do auto sign in with facebook, google, twitter in my android app. And how my server know this login is success and it will give user's data to clients in securely.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":460,"Q_Id":51347328,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You need to do a web-service call from Android side just after login from firebase, stating in your server that this user has logged in to your app. You can store the access token provided by firebase or you can generate yours on web service call and thereby authenticate user with that token for user specific pages.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"android,firebase-authentication,facebook-login,google-signin,python-server-pages","A_Id":51347386,"CreationDate":"2018-07-15T10:05:00.000","Title":"Auto sign in with Google, Facebook and Twitter in Android App","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want get the data from my elasticsearch node for my code, i am using elasticsearch-dsl library to query the data from elasticsearch. Now i want the data to be sorted according to the \"@timestamp\" which can done using sort api. But the data that i am getting back has more than 10000 documents. I cannot use scan with sort to get large data as with sort doesn't work with scan in elasticsearch-dsl. Is there a way to use scroll api in elasticsearch-dsl or any other way to get more than 10000 document sorted with \"@timestamp\".","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.3799489623,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1242,"Q_Id":51396258,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"scroll does work with sort, you just need to call it with preserve_order: s.params(preserve_order=True).scan()\nHope this helps!","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-2.7,elasticsearch,elasticsearch-dsl,elasticsearch-dsl-py","A_Id":51428739,"CreationDate":"2018-07-18T07:39:00.000","Title":"Get result sorted by \"@timestamp\" in python using elasticsearch-dsl","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I was using python to insert some data to elasticsearch, the elasticsearch version is > 6.0. the code can be seen as:\nfrom datetime import datetime\nfrom elasticsearch import Elasticsearch\nes = Elasticsearch( \"localhost:9200\" ) \nfrom elasticsearch import TransportError\ndata = {\n    \"http_code\" : \"404\",\n    \"count\" : \"10\"\n}\ntry:\n    es.index(index=\"http_code\", doc_type=\"error_code\",body=data)\nexcept TransportError as e:\n    print(e.info)\nbut we will have problem like:{u'status': 406, u'error': u'Content-Type header [] is not supported'}\nI have searched that in the new elastic search version it need to set the header,  for example in the command line we can use:\n\" curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200\/customer\/external\/1?pretty' -d '{ \"name\": \"John Doe\" }'\nbut in python how can we set the header? anyone knows about that?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":213,"Q_Id":51398525,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"TRY THIS:\npython -m pip install --upgrade 'elasticsearch>=7.16,<8'\nit should resolve your problem.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,elasticsearch","A_Id":72467426,"CreationDate":"2018-07-18T09:33:00.000","Title":"elasticsearch.index error with header not supported","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to create a program that incorporates a kind of exchange JSONs messaging system where there is an A or central device, of which we know its static IP and one or more B devices, which have a dynamic and unstable IP.\nThe communication I propose should be viable not only from B to A (including answer or not from B) but also from A to B, with the same results.\nMy messaging skills are limited to ZMQ, so I had thought about two possible situations:\nOn the first one, based on PUSH-PULL sockets, A has a PULL socket and another PUSH socket, in the same way as B. As a heartbeat, B sends a JSON every X seconds\/minutes saying \"This is my IP\". That information is considered reliable within a time range and, on the one hand, we solve the communication from B to A (fairly easy) and on the other hand B has saved an IP with which to try to contact with a minimum of reliability.\nON the second one, I thought about on REQ-REP sockets. In this configuration, A has a RES socket, capable of receiving and responding requests from B, which in turn has an associated REQ socket for performing the requests. The communication from B to A, again, is simple. Conversely, the idea would be to have B throwing REQ requests as a heartbeat (every half second, for example), asking \"Is there something for me? Is there something for me?\" Much more reliable than the first but much less efficient at the network level (I completely ignore the real cost of this type of calls).\nIs there a better proposal to start with? I want to emphasize that I use ZMQ because it is what I know, but if there are much better tools \/ more adapted to this type of situation, I will be happy to know and \/ or work with them. I know Google has a kind of API for Android but I'm not talking specifically about smartphones.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":87,"Q_Id":51428065,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Remember that the end that PUSHes or REQuests or whatever is totally independent of the end that binds or connects. So the device that has the stable IP address can bind its zmq sockets and everything else connects their zmq sockets to that IP address, but you can then choose which end is PUSH or PULL, or REQ or REP","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"json,python-3.x,zeromq,messaging,pyzmq","A_Id":51430389,"CreationDate":"2018-07-19T16:49:00.000","Title":"Best way of communicating two devices knowing only one IP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm using element.location in selenium under python 3 to find the X, Y coordinates of a given element but I don't get exact values? Any ideas why or what I should do?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":38,"Q_Id":51455748,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It could depend on the size of the window. I have tried with different size and locations were different.\nTry to set the size for browser: \nbrowser.set_window_size(1920, 1080)\nHope, this will help you.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-webdriver,ui-automation","A_Id":51482825,"CreationDate":"2018-07-21T11:47:00.000","Title":"How to get correct Location of web elements in selenium python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am pretty new to Python in general and recently started messing with the Google Cloud environment, specifically with the Natural Language API.\nOne thing that I just cant grasp is how do I make use of this environment, running scripts that use this API or any API from my local PC in this case my Anaconda Spyder environment? \nI have my project setup, but from there I am not exactly sure, which steps are necessary. Do I have to include the authentication somehow in the Script inside Spyder?\nSome insights would be really helpful.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2057,"Q_Id":51455781,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"First install the API by pip install or conda install in the scripts directory of anaconda and then simply import it into your code and start coding.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-cloud-platform","A_Id":51455824,"CreationDate":"2018-07-21T11:51:00.000","Title":"How do I use Google Cloud API's via Anaconda Spyder?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"We have a Linux server with Jupyterhub installed and can be accessed by users over browser, similarly we are able to access Rstudio. \nIs it possible to install Spyder on the Linux server and provide access via web browser. Multiple users will be accessing it simultaneously.  We are not looking for remote desktop or SSH solution. \nThanks","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1496,"Q_Id":51465212,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"(Spyder maintainer here) Spyder can't work inside a web browser because it's a pure desktop application, sorry.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,anaconda,spyder","A_Id":51467329,"CreationDate":"2018-07-22T12:38:00.000","Title":"Access Python Spyder in Browser like Rstudio or Jupyter notebook (NOT SSH)","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"After I installed pycurl, there is an error occured like this when I test my code.\nOS: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS\npython: 3.6.5\ncurl: 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.8\npycurl: 7.43.0.1\nIs there any solution I can solve that? Thank you !","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":768,"Q_Id":51472336,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Anyway, I solved the problem finally. \nHere are 2 errors I face:\npycurl.error: (1, 'Protocol https not supported or disabled in libcurl')\nImportError: pycurl: libcurl link-time ssl backend (openssl) is different from compile-time ssl backend (none\/other).\nSolution:\n1)apt-get install openssl\n2)export PYCURL_SSL_LIBRARY=openssl\n3)easy_install pycurl \nFor some reason, the pip ingore the PYCURL_SSL_LIBRARY. I have to use easy_install.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,pycurl","A_Id":51504001,"CreationDate":"2018-07-23T05:56:00.000","Title":"pycurl.error: (1, 'Protocol https not supported or disabled in libcurl') Ubuntu","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am basically trying to start an HTTP server which will respond with content from a website which I can crawl using Scrapy. In order to start crawling the website I need to login to it and to do so I need to access a DB with credentials and such. The main issue here is that I need everything to be fully asynchronous and so far I am struggling to find a combination that will make everything work properly without many sloppy implementations.\nI already got Klein + Scrapy working but when I get to implementing DB accesses I get all messed up in my head. Is there any way to make PyMongo asynchronous with twisted or something (yes, I have seen TxMongo but the documentation is quite bad and I would like to avoid it. I have also found an implementation with adbapi but I would like something more similar to PyMongo).\nTrying to think things through the other way around I'm sure aiohttp has many more options to implement async db accesses and stuff but then I find myself at an impasse with Scrapy integration.\nI have seen things like scrapa, scrapyd and ScrapyRT but those don't really work for me. Are there any other options?\nFinally, if nothing works, I'll just use aiohttp and instead of Scrapy I'll do the requests to the websito to scrap manually and use beautifulsoup or something like that to get the info I need from the response. Any advice on how to proceed down that road?\nThanks for your attention, I'm quite a noob in this area so I don't know if I'm making complete sense. Regardless, any help will be appreciated :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":263,"Q_Id":51525645,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Is there any way to make pymongo asynchronous with twisted\n\nNo. pymongo is designed as a synchronous library, and there is no way you can make it asynchronous without basically rewriting it (you could use threads or processes, but that is not what you asked, also you can run into issues with thread-safeness of the code).\n\nTrying to think things through the other way around I'm sure aiohttp has many more options to implement async db accesses and stuff\n\nIt doesn't. aiohttp is a http library - it can do http asynchronously and that is all, it has nothing to help you access databases. You'd have to basically rewrite pymongo on top of it.\n\nFinally, if nothing works, I'll just use aiohttp and instead of scrapy I'll do the requests to the websito to scrap manually and use beautifulsoup or something like that to get the info I need from the response.\n\nThat means lots of work for not using scrapy, and it won't help you with the pymongo issue - you still have to rewrite pymongo!\nMy suggestion is - learn txmongo! If you can't and want to rewrite it, use twisted.web to write it instead of aiohttp since then you can continue using scrapy!","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,mongodb,asynchronous,server,scrapy","A_Id":51525888,"CreationDate":"2018-07-25T18:37:00.000","Title":"Async HTTP server with scrapy and mongodb in python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm building an RPC Server in golang that uses msgpack. \nThe client is built in python using the mprpc library (msgpack over TCP with gevent). \nMy issue is, being an absolute noob in networking, I discovered that I can't use the same address\/port with multiple clients running at once on the same computer (socket already bound i guess, it just stalls and timeouts).\nI have looked around quite a bit but I'm not sure what I should be doing to be able to have multiple clients on the same machine talk to a server (msgpack back and forth). Is this a case where I need to use ZeroMQ ? Or requests over HTTP ?\nThanks !","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1344,"Q_Id":51527846,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"If you want to have two way connection, then HTTP is not suitable for this. Because HTTP is designed in a way that the server only responds to a request, which prevents server to issue a request itself. There are other solutions that provide two way connection(server to client and client to server in same time).\nWebSocket is the first thing that comes to my mind. Of course ZeroMQ also can do this.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,sockets,tcp,rpc,msgpack","A_Id":51528128,"CreationDate":"2018-07-25T21:22:00.000","Title":"RPC over TCP with multiple clients on same machine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to stream an online video using VLC media player. But the URL I'm receiving is random, so that URL needs to be linked to the VLC media player online stream. Is there any APIs that enables the random online video to be played ?\nA small understanding of the project that I'm building...\n\nI have a device that will receive the URL from the server and will play it on a screen. \nEarlier I was playing it via a web browser. But this time I want it to implement it using a media player.Thus my question, is there any API for VLC media player that can be used to stream online videos?\n\n*** BTW I'm using python to write my scripts.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8408,"Q_Id":51536989,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If the URL is to the stream \/ video file, you can just open it directly in VLC like you would anything else. If it's to an HTML document, you'll need to extract the URL of the actual stream.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,video,media,vlc","A_Id":51537047,"CreationDate":"2018-07-26T10:46:00.000","Title":"VLC Media Player API","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using a windows client to perform UI automated tests. each time i start the test using cmd or eclipse the browser opens up and goes to the given url but it does not continue, instead, a small window is opened with \"Chromedriver.exe stopped working\" message on it. how can I solve this issue?\nI am using on this windows client : python 2.7.15, selenium 3.5.0 , robot framework 3.0.2,windows 7 professional , and chrome\nP.S. : I already tried upgrading and downgrading both chrome and chrome driver,\nalso, used selenium 3.13.0 then downgraded again to selenium 3.5.0.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":234,"Q_Id":51599659,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I figured out the problem . Chrome driver version in the system was an old one despite the fact that i downloaded the newest. I managed to delete the old one from my system. It works fine now","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,selenium,selenium-chromedriver","A_Id":51605292,"CreationDate":"2018-07-30T17:51:00.000","Title":"chromedriver.exe stopped working issue","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an s3 bucket which has a large no of zip files having size in GBs. I need to calculate all zip files data length. I go through boto3 but didn't get it.\nI am not sure if it can directly read zip file or not but I have a process-\n\nConnect with the bucket.\nRead zip files from the bucket folder (Let's say folder is Mydata).\nExtract zip files to another folder named Extracteddata.\nRead Extracteddata folder and do action on files.\n\nNote: Nothing shouldn't download on local storage. All process goes on S3 to S3.\nAny suggestions are appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":8072,"Q_Id":51604689,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This is not possible.\nYou can upload files to Amazon S3 and you can download files. You can query the list of objects and obtain metadata about the objects. However, Amazon S3 does not provide compute, such as zip compression\/decompression.\nYou would need to write a program that:\n\nDownloads the zip file\nExtracts the files\nDoes actions on the files\n\nThis is probably best done on an Amazon EC2 instance, which would have low-latency access to Amazon S3. You could do it with an AWS Lambda function, but it has a limit of 500MB disk storage and 5 minutes of execution, which doesn't seem applicable to your situation.\nIf you are particularly clever, you might be able to download part of each zip file ('ranged get') and interpret the zipfile header to obtain a listing of the files and their sizes, thus avoiding having to download the whole file.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-s3,boto3","A_Id":51604927,"CreationDate":"2018-07-31T02:36:00.000","Title":"Read zip files from amazon s3 using boto3 and python","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":1,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"How can I use a single Elastic Search connection object in multiple files of python? I tried making it global but it didn't work.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":34,"Q_Id":51626940,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"You have to pass the Es object as an argument. So when you call a method or a function from a different python file, you pass this object as function\/method argument. I doubt if you can achieve something like that by using global variables.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,elasticsearch,connection","A_Id":51627172,"CreationDate":"2018-08-01T06:46:00.000","Title":"Using single elastic search connection object across multiple python files?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":1,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Context: I implemented tests which use docker-py to create docker networks and run docker containers. The test runner used to execute the tests is pytest. The test setup depends on Python (Python package on my dev machine), on my dev machines docker daemon and my dev machines static ip address. In my dev machine runtime context the tests run just fine (via plain invocation of the test runner pytest). Now I would like to migrate the tests into gitlab-ci. gitlab-ci runs the job in a docker container which accesses the CI servers docker daemon via \/var\/run\/docker.sock mount. The ip address of the docker container which is uses by gitlab-ci to run the job in is not static like in my dev machine context. But for the creation of the docker networks in the test I need the ip address.\nQuestion: How can I get the appropriate ip address of the docker container the tests are executed in with Python?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":-0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2714,"Q_Id":51629194,"Users Score":-1,"Answer":"When you run docker you can share the same network as the host if asked.\nAdd to the run command --network host\nSuch parameter will cause the python network code be the same as you run the code without container.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python,docker,gitlab,dockerpy","A_Id":51630443,"CreationDate":"2018-08-01T08:57:00.000","Title":"How can I get the host ip in a docker container using Python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I want to download approximately 50 pdf files from the Internet using a python script. Can Google APIs help me anyhow?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":59,"Q_Id":51654956,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am going to assume that you are downloading from Google drive.  You can only download one file at a time.   You cant batch download of the actual file itself.\nYOu could look into some kind of multi threading system and download the files at the same time that way but you man run into quota issues.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,web-scraping,google-api","A_Id":51663714,"CreationDate":"2018-08-02T13:30:00.000","Title":"how to download many pdf files from google at once using python?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"How can I get the embed of a message to a variable with the ID of the message in discord.py?\nI get the message with uzenet = await client.get_message(channel, id), but I don't know how to get it's embed.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":5406,"Q_Id":51688392,"Users Score":5,"Answer":"To get the first Embed of your message, as you said that would be a dict():\nembedFromMessage = uzenet.embeds[0]\nTo transfer the dict() into an discord.Embed object:\nembed = discord.Embed.from_data(embedFromMessage)","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,discord,discord.py","A_Id":55555605,"CreationDate":"2018-08-04T18:15:00.000","Title":"Discord.py get message embed","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"In my Python script I want to connect to remote server every time. So how can I use my windows credentials to connect to server without typing user ID and password. \nBy default it should read the userid\/password from local system and will connect to remote server.\nI tried with getuser() and getpass() but I have to enter the password everytime. I don't want to enter the password it should take automatically from local system password.\nAny suggestions..","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":183,"Q_Id":51690162,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am sorry this is not exactly an answer but I have looked on the web and I do not think you can write a code to automatically open Remote desktop without you having to enter the credentials but can you please edit the question so that I can see the code?","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,login,python-requests","A_Id":51690444,"CreationDate":"2018-08-04T22:59:00.000","Title":"How to use Windows credentials to connect remote desktop","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I had problems with importing oauth2 package. In in the init.py file there is a problem with this line getting executed, from ._compat import PY3 . I don't know why installing and running oauth2 is such a mess","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":266,"Q_Id":51690431,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"this worked for me:\nfrom oauth2._compat import PY3\nthe error you were getting suggests that you were trying to import __main__.compat instead of oauth2._compat","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,oauth-2.0","A_Id":51692171,"CreationDate":"2018-08-04T23:55:00.000","Title":"I am getting No module named 'oauth2._compat'","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way to implement http connector for sending messages(MT) in Jasmin? According to documentation jasmin HTTP API supports smpp connector only.  \nUpdate 1:\nMore information of scenario:\nI have 4 sms providers that I need to implement using Jasmin.\none of them is using SMPP protocol and is working fine with jasmin using smpp connector.\nOther 3 have http protocol (call url with params to send SMS).\nI want to use http protocol with jasmin to use its routing and other stuff.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1158,"Q_Id":51700964,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Jasmin only supports HTTP client connectors for MO (mobile originated) messages. \nHaving found myself with the same scenario as yourself, I found the simplest solution was to write an SMPP-to-HTTP service which allows Jasmin to connect to it and relay MT messages via HTTP. Hope that helps","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sms-gateway,jasmin-sms","A_Id":57054186,"CreationDate":"2018-08-06T05:19:00.000","Title":"Jasmin HttpConnector for MT","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Is there any way to implement http connector for sending messages(MT) in Jasmin? According to documentation jasmin HTTP API supports smpp connector only.  \nUpdate 1:\nMore information of scenario:\nI have 4 sms providers that I need to implement using Jasmin.\none of them is using SMPP protocol and is working fine with jasmin using smpp connector.\nOther 3 have http protocol (call url with params to send SMS).\nI want to use http protocol with jasmin to use its routing and other stuff.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":1158,"Q_Id":51700964,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Here is the overview for adding Http MT support in Jasmin:\nAdd connector class and manager for http MT connector\nAdd router manager\nModify smpp protocol module and detach http mt call from this module before it is dispatched to smpp queue. Detachment will be done after router has selected your custom connector and user balance etc is deducted from user account but before transaction is queued. \nBy detachment means use your own queue (rabbitmq queue) and and publish your transaction on this. \nCreate subscriber for rabbitmq and response back as required. \nUsing this method will return same message id and responses like smpp. \nFor more details or help please comment.","Q_Score":3,"Tags":"python,sms-gateway,jasmin-sms","A_Id":57823022,"CreationDate":"2018-08-06T05:19:00.000","Title":"Jasmin HttpConnector for MT","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've tried doing \nclient.accept_invite(\"link of invite in discord.gg or url id(tried both many times)\"\nbut It doesn't seem to work, when I put the invite code in, it tries to join, the script just keeps hanging and nothing is happening, on the other hand, every time I tried to join the invite link I needed to reconfirm the email on the account, after I reconfirm it, I try again, and again I need to confirm it, and so on.\nI've read the discord API and they still have accept_invite in their documentations, I don't see why this won't work? I've tried logging into the account with token AND email+pw, both give same results. No error, just hanging +  email needs to be reconfirmed.\nIf anyone knows how to help, would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":437,"Q_Id":51708875,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Client.accept_invite() is\n a) deprecated\nb) intended for user accounts\nAdditionally, logging in using email+pw flags your account and could result in punishments (thats the last I heard at least)\nDo not use this, instead make a bot account and ask users to invite your bot through it's oauth URL.\nEach time you use an endpoint you shouldnt (like the endpoint used to login with username and password), Discord unverifies and flags your account.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,discord,discord.py","A_Id":51708927,"CreationDate":"2018-08-06T13:32:00.000","Title":"client.accept_invite won't work, account tries to join but instead it just hangs","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm new to backend and I've written a python script which imports libraries like Flask, sqlalchemy. From taking help from here and there I've been successfully able to get JSON as response to a get call using localhost or http:\/\/127.0.0.1\/.\nNow that this is done I want to take this action on a live server so right now I've hostgator and I've created a folder there so it'll be like mydomain.com\/api\/. Now my questions is that do I need to place an index.html in this folder which makes a call to run myscript.py or I can directly call mydomain.com\/api\/myscript.py and it'll return the JSON?\nMy script is basically a recommendation model that returns recommendations to users upon request.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":378,"Q_Id":51715736,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"It's possible to make a request via PHP with the curl_* functions, or you can do the same in JavaScript (e.g. within your HTML file) using AJAX (XMLHttpRequest).","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,json,flask,flask-sqlalchemy","A_Id":51715768,"CreationDate":"2018-08-06T21:15:00.000","Title":"How to Call API written in Python using HTML or PHP","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I want to communicate between electron app and opened other brower. I have to send params from electron to other browser or from browser to electron app. But there is no way.\nplease help me!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":77,"Q_Id":51755103,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"This does not seem very realistic. But I have a few ideas here:\nElectron -> Browser\n\nWebserver which you can open in the Browser\nwrite a Browser extension\n\nBrowser -> Electron\n\nA special url like the ones apple uses for the app store (e.g.: itmss:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/de\/store?...)\n\nDue to security reasons it is not possible to \"talk\" to a browser and access other webpages information. Otherwise it would be easy to leak cookies and personal data.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,vue.js,electron","A_Id":51757041,"CreationDate":"2018-08-08T20:25:00.000","Title":"How to communicate between electron app and opened other browser?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I'm trying to push a button on a soccer bookmaker's web page using Selenium's Chromedriver. My problem is that nothing happens when I call Selenium's driver.find_elements_by_class_name('c-events__item c-events__item_col').\nFixed:\nI was trying to get the info from: a class names 'c-events__more c-events__more_bets js-showMoreBets'. \nusing find_by_class_name() cannot handle spaces as it will think its compound classes, instead I used csselector and it works like a charm now. \ndriver.find_elements_by_css_selector('.c-events__item.c-events__item_col')","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":116,"Q_Id":51755916,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"using find_by_class_name() cannot handle spaces as it will think its compound classes, instead I used csselector and it works like a charm now. driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('.c-events__item.c-events__item_col')","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,selenium","A_Id":51764087,"CreationDate":"2018-08-08T21:30:00.000","Title":"Selenium calling class elements doesn't work","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"Twitter announced that Site Streams, User Streams, and legacy Direct Message endpoints, originally slated for retirement on June 19th 2018, will be deprecated on Wednesday August 16, 2018 which provides 3 months from today\u2019s release of the Account Activity API for migration.\nI am wondering it those APIs have an effect on Tweepy.Stream class","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":90,"Q_Id":51773215,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"I am wondering it those APIs have an effect on Tweepy.Stream class\n\nYes. Tweepy is not a special case. On August 16, the streaming APIs will be shut off, and any code in Tweepy which interacted with them will no longer function.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,twitter,tweepy","A_Id":51773664,"CreationDate":"2018-08-09T17:55:00.000","Title":"Does Twitter's changes to their public APIs affect Tweepy?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have a site www.domain.com and wanted to get all of the urls from my entire website and how many times they have been clicked on, from the Google Analytics API. \nI am especially interested in some of my external links (the ones that don't have www.mydomain.com). I will then match this against all of the links on my site (I somehow need to get these from somewhere so may scrape my own site).\nI am using Python and wanted to do this programmatically. Does anyone know how to do this?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":346,"Q_Id":51800600,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"I have a site www.domain.com and wanted to get all of the urls from my\n  entire website and how many times they have been clicked on\n\nI guess you need parameter Page and metric Pageviews\n\nI am especially interested in some of my external links\n\nYou can get list of external links if you track they as events. \nTry to use some crawler, for example Screaming Frog. It allows to get internal and external links. Free use up to 500 pages.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,google-analytics,web-crawler,google-analytics-api","A_Id":51801255,"CreationDate":"2018-08-11T14:25:00.000","Title":"Can I get a list of all urls on my site from the Google Analytics API?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I'm wondering if it is possible to use Selenium to write to the Chrome console with python. I do not mean by using send_keys to press F12 and open the console then send more keys to write. If this isn't possible, are they any libraries or APIs that would let me do this? Thanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":169,"Q_Id":51804531,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"You can look at the problem with another view, try to use browser.execute_script and pass console.log(\"whatever you want to write in the console\") , this will print that sentence in the console \nYou can of course change it to your own needs but you get the idea","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,selenium","A_Id":51804569,"CreationDate":"2018-08-11T23:24:00.000","Title":"Using selenium to write to Chrome console","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"My small AWS EC2 instance runs a two python scripts, one to receive JSON messages as a web-socket(~2msg\/ms) and write to csv file, and one to compress and upload the csvs. After testing, the data(~2.4gb\/day) recorded by the EC2 instance is sparser than if recorded on my own computer(~5GB). Monitoring shows the EC2 instance consumed all CPU credits and is operating on baseline power. My question is, does the instance drop messages because it cannot write them fast enough?\nThank you to anyone that can provide any insight!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":56,"Q_Id":51814464,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"It depends on the WebSocket server.\nIf your first script cannot run fast enough to match the message generation speed on server side, the TCP receive buffer will become full and the server will slow down on sending packets. Assuming a near-constant message production rate, unprocessed messages will pile up on the server, and the server could be coded to let them accumulate or eventually drop them.\nEven if the server never dropped a message, without enough computational power, your instance would never catch up - on 8\/15 it could be dealing with messages from 8\/10 - so instance upgrade is needed.\nDoes data rate vary greatly throughout the day (e.g. much more messages in evening rush around 20:00)? If so, data loss may have occurred during that period.\nBut is Python really that slow? 5GB\/day is less than 100KB per second, and even a fraction of one modern CPU core can easily handle it. Perhaps you should stress test your scripts and optimize them (reduce small disk writes, etc.)","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-s3,amazon-ec2","A_Id":51814600,"CreationDate":"2018-08-13T02:25:00.000","Title":"(AWS) What happens to a python script without enough CPU?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I know that requests.get() provides an HTTP interface so that the programmer can make various requests to a HTTP server.\nThat tells me that somewhere a port must be opened so that the request can happen.\nTaking that into account, what would happen if the script is stopped (say, by a Key Board Interrupt, so the machine that is executing the script remains connected to the internet) before the request is answered\/complete?\nWould the port\/connection remain opened?\nDoes the port\/connection close automatically?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0996679946,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":993,"Q_Id":51831726,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"On a much lower level, when a program exits, the OS kernel closes all file descriptors opened by that program.  These include network sockets.","Q_Score":15,"Tags":"python,http,python-requests,python-requests-html","A_Id":51929463,"CreationDate":"2018-08-13T23:12:00.000","Title":"Python: What happens if script stops while requests.get() is executing?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I've made a small python script to scrap the web. I would like to make a nice and simple web interface where the user can enter data to search for and have the result displayed as a list. \nI understand that there's many different ways to do that but don't know which one would be the best in my case. \nI would like something :\n\nReally simple and light\nRunning locally with the less dependencies possible. \n\nSo far I've thinking about : \n\nA NodeJS server displaying content and executing the script \nA web framework in Python (web.py, Flask, Django..?)\nA local webserver (XAMPP) and cgi \n\nPlease note that I don't know much about web in python but I'm a bit used to NodeJS.  \nWhat would you recommend ? \nThanks, Victor","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":2380,"Q_Id":51848143,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Socket.io ist Very easy to send Data between Websites and scripts.\nThe Website Connect with the Socket.io Server and Inside the Server the Python Script can be executed","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web,interface","A_Id":51848568,"CreationDate":"2018-08-14T18:57:00.000","Title":"Best way to make a web interface for python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I've made a small python script to scrap the web. I would like to make a nice and simple web interface where the user can enter data to search for and have the result displayed as a list. \nI understand that there's many different ways to do that but don't know which one would be the best in my case. \nI would like something :\n\nReally simple and light\nRunning locally with the less dependencies possible. \n\nSo far I've thinking about : \n\nA NodeJS server displaying content and executing the script \nA web framework in Python (web.py, Flask, Django..?)\nA local webserver (XAMPP) and cgi \n\nPlease note that I don't know much about web in python but I'm a bit used to NodeJS.  \nWhat would you recommend ? \nThanks, Victor","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":2380,"Q_Id":51848143,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Personally I prefer gevent, bottle or Flask, and some front end framework like bootstrap or framework7.  \nGevent easily makes it asynchronous and has websockets built right in, and bottle is the easiest (and fastest) way to build a web app or api.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,web,interface","A_Id":51848647,"CreationDate":"2018-08-14T18:57:00.000","Title":"Best way to make a web interface for python script","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I found a website i want to send POST requests to and then get the HTML code of the following GET request. Is there any way I can find out how these routes are organised? I wanted to do multiple searches by using a form on the site while looping through an array on a website through python.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":35,"Q_Id":51848283,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is a good chance the website has its API available for you to use? Inside developer tools, look at the Network tab and look for AJAX requests or XMLHttpRequests as a hint; perhaps make use of a requests type-package and go from there.  \nThere is also a very good chance the website follows a Restful architecture to create its routes. Surely there are interesting reads on the very first results-page of Google for this topic; stack overflow answers most likely.\nHowever, if you're question is why would a website not completely exposing its backend then you might not have considered the consequences.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"html,python-3.x,routing","A_Id":51849147,"CreationDate":"2018-08-14T19:07:00.000","Title":"Learning the Route Structure of a Website","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am fairly proficient in Python and have started exploring the requests library to formulate simple HTTP requests. I have also taken a look at Sessions objects that allow me to login to a website and -using the session key- continue to interact with the website through my account.\nHere comes my problem: I am trying to build a simple API in Python to perform certain actions that I would be able to do via the website. However, I do not know how certain HTTP requests need to look like in order to implement them via the requests library.\nIn general, when I know how to perform a task via the website, how can I identify:\n\nthe type of HTTP request (GET or POST will suffice in my case)\nthe URL, i.e where the resource is located on the server\nthe body parameters that I need to specify for the request to be successful","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":119,"Q_Id":51863463,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"This has nothing to do with python, but you can use a network proxy to examine your requests.\n\nDownload a network proxy like Burpsuite\nSetup your browser to route all traffic through Burpsuite (default is localhost:8080)\nDeactivate packet interception (in the Proxy tab)\nBrowse to your target website normally\nExamine the request history in Burpsuite. You will find every information you need","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,api,http,python-requests","A_Id":51863598,"CreationDate":"2018-08-15T17:19:00.000","Title":"Identifying parameters in HTTP request","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using netwrokx to calculate the shortest path between different vertices using Dijkstra algorithm. I have a case where I want to connect three different vertices (for example A, B and C in an undirected graph). First I find the shortest path from A to B and then I want to find the shortest path from the path of A to B. What I have tried so far is I have calculate shortest path length from all the nodes of the A to B path to C and then I calculate the shortest path from the node which gives the minimum path length. This is computationally intensive as path may have up to 200 to 300 nodes.\nCan anyone give me a hint how can I improve approach? or easier way to find the shortest path from the already existing edges to the target ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":191,"Q_Id":51864195,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Find the shortest path X = A to B.\nFind the shortest path Y = A to C.\nFind the shortest path Z = B to C.\ncombine the paths.\n\nshortest_path(G, source, target) imported from networkx will return the shortest path between two vertices.\nIf this method is done by implementing Dijkstra's algorithm, the efficiency is equivalent to Dijkstra's algorithm asymptotically.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,networkx","A_Id":51881211,"CreationDate":"2018-08-15T18:12:00.000","Title":"networkx shortest path from a path to vertex","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am using netwrokx to calculate the shortest path between different vertices using Dijkstra algorithm. I have a case where I want to connect three different vertices (for example A, B and C in an undirected graph). First I find the shortest path from A to B and then I want to find the shortest path from the path of A to B. What I have tried so far is I have calculate shortest path length from all the nodes of the A to B path to C and then I calculate the shortest path from the node which gives the minimum path length. This is computationally intensive as path may have up to 200 to 300 nodes.\nCan anyone give me a hint how can I improve approach? or easier way to find the shortest path from the already existing edges to the target ?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":2,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":191,"Q_Id":51864195,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Add a new node, 'auxiliary' to your graph.  For each node u in the A-B path, add an edge from u to 'auxiliary'.\nFind the shortest path from C to 'auxiliary'.  Truncate that path by removing the final node 'auxiliary'.  This is now the shortest path from C to that path.\nMore generally, this approach works whenever you want to find the shortest path from a node to a set of nodes and (with a bit of generalization) it finds the shortest path from one set of nodes to another set.","Q_Score":2,"Tags":"python-3.x,networkx","A_Id":51864929,"CreationDate":"2018-08-15T18:12:00.000","Title":"networkx shortest path from a path to vertex","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I am trying to work with Kafka for data ingestion but being new to this, i am kind of pretty much confused.I have multiple  crawlers, who extract data for me from web platform. Now, the issue is i want to ingest that extract data to Hadoop using Kafka without any middle scripts\/service file . Is it possible ?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":1991,"Q_Id":51876515,"Users Score":2,"Answer":"without any middle scripts\/service file . Is it possible ?\n\nUnfortunately, no. \nYou need some service that's writing into Kafka (your scraper). Whether you produce into Kafka HTTP links (then write an intermediate consumer\/producer that generates the scraped results), or only produce the final scraped results, that's up to you. \nYou also need a second service consuming those topic(s) that writes to HDFS. This could be Kafka Connect (via Confluent's HDFS Connector library), or PySpark (code you'd have to write yourself), or other options that include \"middle scripts\/services\".\nIf you'd like to combine both options, I would suggest taking a look at Apache Nifi or Streamsets, which can perform HTTP lookups, (X)HTML parsing, and Kafka+HDFS connectors, all configured via a centralized GUI. Note: I believe any Python code would have to be rewritten in a JVM language to support major custom parsing logic in this pipeline","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,apache-kafka,web-crawler,kafka-producer-api","A_Id":51887428,"CreationDate":"2018-08-16T11:57:00.000","Title":"Data ingestion using kafka from crawlers","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":1,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I would like to get images from a search engine, to run some automated tests without the need to go online and pick them by hand.\nI found an old example from 5 years ago (ajax.googleapis.com\/ajax\/services\/search\/images), which sadly does not work anymore. What is the current method to do so in Python3? Ideally I would like to be able to pass a string with the search name, and retrieve a set amount of images, at full size.\nI don't really mind which search engine is used; I just want to be sure that it is supported for the time being. Also I would like to avoid Selenium; I am planning to run this without any UI nor using the browser, all from terminal.","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":33,"Q_Id":51882099,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Found a pretty good solution using BeautifulSoup.\nIt does not work on Google, since I get 403, but when faking the header in the request, is possible to get sometimes, data. I will have to experiment with different other sites.\nSo far the workflow is to search in the browser so I can get the url to pass to beautifulsoup. Once I get the url in code, I replaced the query part with a variable, so I can pass it programmatically.\nThen I parse the output of beautifulsoup to extract the links to the images, and retrieve them using requests.\nI wish there was a public API to get also parameters like picture size and such, but I found nothing that works currently.","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python-3.x","A_Id":51900744,"CreationDate":"2018-08-16T17:04:00.000","Title":"Python - make a search and retrieve a set amount of images from a search engine","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"When running the commands in idle I can get an API call to work using oauth2. Then when trying to use the same lines of code in web2py I was getting an error that the web2py module wasn't found. So I installed Oauth2 into the module folder of the web2py project files. \nThis changed the error from the oauth2 module not found to \n (ImportError('No module named version',), )\nAny ideas to find a fix would be appreciated.","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":132,"Q_Id":51885506,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"As an update I figured out that the issue was because Web2py doesn't support python 3 at this point in time.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,oauth-2.0,web2py","A_Id":51901525,"CreationDate":"2018-08-16T21:22:00.000","Title":"Web2py error:  (ImportError('No module named version',), )","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"i am trying to recognise discord emotes. \nThey are always between two : and don't contain space. e.g.\n:smile:\nI know how to split strings at delimiters, but how do i only split tokens that are within exactly two : and contain no space?    \nThanks in advance!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":76,"Q_Id":51887465,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"Thanks to @G_M i found the following solution:\n\n regex = re.compile(r':[A-Za-z0-9]+:')\n result = regex.findall(message.content)\n\nWill give me a list with all the emotes within a message, independent of where they are within the message.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,discord","A_Id":51902676,"CreationDate":"2018-08-17T02:02:00.000","Title":"find token between two delimiters - discord emotes","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I tried finding it on AWS documentation but couldn't find it..\nIs there a way to apply a security group \"sg-123\" on a running EC2 instance using Boto3?\nThanks!","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":868,"Q_Id":51898575,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Ok, found the answer:\nresponse = instance.modify_attribute(Groups=['sg-123'])","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,amazon-web-services,amazon-ec2,boto3","A_Id":51899113,"CreationDate":"2018-08-17T15:26:00.000","Title":"Changing Security Groups for EC2 Instance using Boto3","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"I am trying to create map of the track with 30 or so points with Google Static Map API. The problem is that it supports only origin-23waypoints-end even with premium key. So the idea I got is to split the route into two and then merge those two images. The problem is that since the parts of the track will have different points it means that the map canvas won't be same which renders the merge (almost?) impossible.\nAnybody would have any idea how to solve this issue? I am helpless.\nThank you very much for any ideas. :)","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":1.2,"is_accepted":true,"ViewCount":240,"Q_Id":51901602,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"There is no good way to do this, to best of my knowledge.\nWhen solving the problem, we just went with multiple maps in the end. Everything is solvable yet this was not worth investing the time.\nIt's technically not an answer but an information for anybody attempting this. If you would be able to solve this, please post your solution here and I will mark it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,python-3.x,python-imaging-library,google-static-maps","A_Id":52975017,"CreationDate":"2018-08-17T19:13:00.000","Title":"Google Static Map API - image map with 25+ points","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":1},{"Question":"There are 3 servers on consumer side (A <-> B <-> C), 2 of them are our Apps (B (Node.js), C (Python)). All the communications among the servers are handled by WebSockets with TLS. C is not connected to A. I don't want a consumer to be able to run fake B or C server and connect it to real C or B server.\n\nA - client \nB - server for A and separate server with different port for C\nC - client\n\nAlso there is the external D license server, which is reached via the Internet.\nSo what is the best way to guarantee server identity?","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":67,"Q_Id":51912845,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"If these are programs that your customer runs on machines that they own and host, and the customer is the attacker you're trying to protect against, then there really is no way to do this.\n\nYou can write a simple challenge-response protocol, where B and C only have to know each other's public keys to both be able to verify that the other side knows its own private key.\nBut where are you going to store that private key? Somewhere that the program can access it\u2014which means somewhere that your customer can access it.\n\nOf course you can try to obfuscate the keys. This works great if nobody cares about cracking your system\u2014but then if nobody cares, you don't have to do anything. If cracking your system would be valuable to someone, they'll find a way to dig out the keys.\nAt which point you're in an arms race: every time someone finds your keys, you have to think of a new way to obfuscate them to make them start all over.\nAnd even that won't work unless you can require your customers to stay up to date on all of their servers. Otherwise, once I've dug the keys out of your version 1.3.4, I can just keep running version 1.3.4 of server C, and my own fake server B.\n\nIf you can force the servers to communicate with another server that you run and control out on the internet, you can make it much harder to crack the handshake (and harder to stick with old versions), but it's still nowhere near impossible. And really, that just shifts the attack surface to modifying the servers so they don't do the upstream check. What you're basically talking about here is the equivalent of Windows Activation or online game verification\u2014which, of course, people have cracked.\n\nThere are plenty of cases where it's worth doing something anyway:\n\nOften a small amount of obfuscation is worth it to deter casual hackery.\nPaying for one of the commercial solutions means you're now using \"industry standard\" protection, so you use the DMCA against anyone who attacks it, you can defend yourself if partners sue you over lost data, etc.\nIf $200K\/year worth of engineering can knock even 10% of the losses off $200M\/year worth of content, spend the effort.\n\nBut at this point, we're not talking about business issues, so you'll probably get better advice from a security consultant who can ask you the right questions about your business, than from a generic answer on a programming site.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python,node.js,security,ssl,websocket","A_Id":51913061,"CreationDate":"2018-08-18T21:55:00.000","Title":"How to guarantee server identity?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I recently joined a Telegram bot that requires user interaction every few hours.\nBasically I Log into the bot, press a button, check text and then press another button.\nIs it possible to automate such a task? \nThank you","AnswerCount":1,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.1973753202,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":177,"Q_Id":51916924,"Users Score":1,"Answer":"Telegram Bot API doesn't allow bots to interact with other bots. So bots won't be useful for such task.Only way to do that is to use Telegram Core API (the API used in telegram clients), make a custom Telegram client, and do the task through it.","Q_Score":0,"Tags":"python-3.x,automation,telegram,telegram-bot,scrape","A_Id":51965732,"CreationDate":"2018-08-19T10:53:00.000","Title":"How to automate a Telegram bot?","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":1,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0},{"Question":"I have an url: http:\/\/200.73.81.212\/.CREDIT-UNION\/update.php None of reg expressions I've found and develop myself works. I'm working on phishing mails dataset and there are lots of strange hyperlinks. This is one of mine:\nhttps?:\\\/\\\/([a-zA-z0-9]+.)+)|(www.[a-zA-Z0-9]+.([a-zA-Z0-9]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+)+)(((\/[\\.A-Za-z0-9]+))+\/?.\nOf course no success. I work in Python.\nEDIT:\nI need a regex to catch this kind of url's and, also, any ordinary hyperlinks, like:\nhttps:\/\/cnn.com\/\nwww.foxnews.com\/story\/122345678\n Any thoughts?","AnswerCount":2,"Available Count":1,"Score":0.0,"is_accepted":false,"ViewCount":348,"Q_Id":51919931,"Users Score":0,"Answer":"While @datawrestler answer works for original question, I had to extend it to catch wider group of url's (I've edited the question). This url, seems to work, for the task:\nr\"\"\"(https?:\/\/www\\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+)+(\/[a-zA-Z0-9.@-]+){0,20})|\\\n(https?:\/\/[a-zA-Z0-9]+(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+)+(\/[a-zA-Z0-9.@-]+){0,20})|\\\n(www.[a-zA-Z0-9]+(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+)+(\/[a-zA-Z0-9.@-]+){0,20})\"\"\"\nThree alternatives: https?:\/\/www, https:\/\/domain, www.domain","Q_Score":1,"Tags":"python,regex,python-3.x,http,regex-group","A_Id":52027694,"CreationDate":"2018-08-19T16:59:00.000","Title":"Regex to Catch Url","Data Science and Machine Learning":0,"Database and SQL":0,"GUI and Desktop Applications":0,"Networking and APIs":1,"Other":0,"Python Basics and Environment":0,"System Administration and DevOps":0,"Web Development":0}]