RCaz/eu-funding-proposals-sft huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe how 'COULD SENESCENCE BE ADAPTIVE? CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF AGING ACROSS THE TREE OF LIFE' will create measurable scientific, societal and economic impact aligned with Horizon 2020.

assistant: **Impact**

Why do organisms age? This is surely one of the most compelling questions in biology. With advancing age, organisms can see physiological decline leading to higher mortality and lower fertility, a process known as ‘senescence’. The foundations of aging research state senescence should be inevitable in any organism, and is likely a by-product of attenuation in force of selection with age. But is senescence inevitable? Could senescence be adaptive?Senescence is not inevitable, according to recent research from the Max Planck Odense Center, University of Southern Denmark. Species’ aging trajectories are diverse; mortality and fertility may increase, decrease or stay constant with age. We need a new way to understand aging, which recognises this diversity and seeks to understand pattern and process in the evolution of aging across the tree of life. The WHYAGE project explores ecological consequences and evolutionary causes of diversity in aging from this ‘macro’ perspective.Senescence could be adaptive. This proposal presents a theoretical framework under which certain environmental disturbances affecting population age structures could, through population-level processes, favour senescent individuals. More generally, diverse environmental disturbance regimes could help explain diversity of aging across the tree of life.Three objectives facilitate the project. First, demographic method development will allow better understanding of aging trajectories in mortality and fecundity, and population dynamics influenced by these. Second, comparative phylogenetic analyses of global demographic databases of plants and animals will uncover the consequences of aging for population dynamics across the tree of life. This knowledge will inform the third objective; development of theoretic
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Compose the 'Concept and Approach' section for a Seventh Framework proposal on 'Smart Antenna & Radio for Access and Backhaul for Advanced Network noDes'.

assistant: **Concept**

SARABAND project aims to take advantage of the Q-band frequency (40,5 to 43,5 GHz) in a cost effective way to provide higher performing and integrated network nodes for wireless backhaul of future mobile radio and last mile access for the digital divide by developing smart antennas and front-end radio modules. The use of millimeter waves, particularly the Q-band where 3GHz bandwidth has been regulated by EU, can bring large capacity with high throughputs, fast deployment, with lightweight and discrete equipment.<br/>As mobile operators face increasing density of base stations as well as growing bandwidth requirements backhaul has become the new challenge.To reduce the digital divide and as a complement to the Fiber to the Home, especially where cost to deploy fiber cannot be justified, it is proposed to deliver capacity to enterprises and households over the last miles at much more reasonable cost.High throughputs & capacities can be delivered with GHz bandwidth compact radios with advanced antennas and front ends radios. Performances and cost target will be met with: on the one hand low profile high gain and programmable multi-beam antennas and very high performance miniaturized analogue steerable antennas, on other hand advanced packaged Q-band circuits.<br/>Lens antennas are an attractive and inexpensive solution to produce highly shaped radiation patterns. The SARABAND lens shape will be designed in order to transform the feed pattern to the desired radiation pattern. Other very attractive concept proposed in SARABAND for electronic beam steering studies is the Circular Switched Parasitic Array (CSPA) antenna that is proposed as one solution for the agile Q-Band antenna in the repeaters. SARABAND will propose very advance packaging and interconnection process for Q-
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Draft the 'Objectives and Scope' section of a Fourth Framework proposal for the project 'Negative ion studies at cryring'.

assistant: **Objectives**

Research objectives and content industrv and tourism, as well as being threatened by climate change and sea level rise. Palaeowaters which were recharged under former climatic and hydrogeological regimes are the subject of this proposal. During sea level lowering (up to 130 m) in the late Pleistocene, groundwater in parts of coastal Europe circulated to much greater depths than at the present day. In this proposal several relevant scientific questions are addressed including i) the possibility that aquifers may be used as archives of former climatic conditions over the past 10-50000 years,ii) the rate of freshening of saline aquifers and the processes involved,iii) the extent of palaeowater advance into sedimentary basins,iv) the nature of the interface between modern (polluted) and pristine pre-industrial water resources, v) the possibilities for fresh water storage in saline aquifers, vi) predicting changes to water resources in coastal regions using hydrodynamic and geochemical modelling. The project makes use of a NE-SW traverse across Europe from the Baltic to the Atlantic, involving 10 partners in 9 countries, to compare how palaeowaters have evolved in 16 different coastal aquifers representative of the full range of European climatic conditions. An extensive range of hydrogeochemical and isotopic methods is to be used in conjunction with hydrogeological techniques and modelling to fully characterise these aquifers to a common standard and to promote exchange of know-how between partners and between disciplines. The main focus is how the scientific results may be applied to assist the management problems of the coastal aquifers. The protection of high quality fresh waters in coastal areas and the management of the saline interfaces in response to human interventi
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain the overall concept, methodology and approach for the project 'CO-OPTION OF THE NKG2D LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR AS AN ONCOPROTEIN PROMOTING CANCER STEM CELL TRANSDIFFERENTIATION AND CANCER AUTONOMY' (NKG2D).

assistant: **Concept**

The stimulatory NKG2D lymphocyte receptor expressed on natural killer cells and T cells and its tumor-associated ligands enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. This role of NKG2D is well recognized and efforts are underway to target NKG2D and its ligands for cancer therapy. However, cancers adopt diverse strategies to safeguard their survival. With advanced human cancers, NKG2D ligand expression favors tumor progression, which has been ascribed to ligand-induced immune evasion. In a surprising conceptual twist, Dr. Spies’ laboratory at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has found that cancer cells themselves express NKG2D together with its DAP10 signaling adaptor. Above-threshold expression of NKG2D–DAP10 in ligand-bearing tumor lines activates oncogenic signaling cascades and induces differentiation changes characteristic of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular reprogramming process that leads to increased cancer cell motility and metastatic dissemination. Intertwined with EMT is the generation of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are main culprits of failed cancer therapies. These findings challenge current concepts as cancer cells may co-opt NKG2D as an oncoprotein serving their own benefit.In a preliminary assessment, this role is supported by significant correlations between proportions of cancer cells that are positive for surface NKG2D and criteria of tumor progression. This proposal seeks to establish that cancer cell NKG2D has a major role in the development of CSCs. The experimental approach involves tissue culture-based studies using model tumor cell lines and functional testing of patient-derived NKG2D bearing CSCs for their tumor forming capacity in a mouse model. The results may have profound
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Draft the 'Objectives and Scope' section of a Fourth Framework proposal for the project 'New frontiers in structural biology'.

assistant: **Objectives**

No-one could have foreseen that Julian Schwinger's calculations on the energy changes encountered by an electron moving on a circular path could result in construction of tools that have had a major impact on biological sciences and the discovery of new pharmaceuticals. Over the past twenty years synchrotron radiation has been successfully applied to a wealth of fundamental problems in life sciences, yielding dramatic improvements in the understanding of biological and chemical phenomena. Recent successes have also witnessed atomic resolution imaging using X-ray holography. A closely related area of new developments is electron diffraction, offering direct ways for atomic resolution structure determinations on crystals many million times smaller than those used in routine X-ray studies.  Given the tremendous importance of diffraction techniques within structural biology, it is highly pertinent to ask: Where does crystallography go from here? The objective of this proposal is to initiate in Europe theoretical and experimental studies to explore untried frontiers at the physical limits of macromolecular imaging. Within this proposal, we plan to utilise current technology but we also anticipate the imminent emergence of new electron and X-ray sources capable of producing intense and coherent radiation pulses of femtosecond-attosecond durations. Our preliminary calculations based on optimal boundary conditions indicate such electron or photon pulses may allow the direct imaging of Fourier transforms of single macromolecules, viruses or larger structures without the need to amplify scattered radiation through Bragg reflections. This area is virtually unexplored. As the potential benefits from studies in these field are substantial, a comprehensive and rigorous investigation
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain how 'Advances in higher-order resummation and Parton Shower' goes beyond current state-of-the-art under Horizon 2020.

assistant: **Innovation**

Full exploitation of the LHC data, notably for Higgs precision measurements, traditional standard-model studies and certain BSM searches, relies on high-precision theoretical calculations. The most widely used kind of theoretical prediction is the parton-shower Monte Carlo approach (PSMC). This accounts for logarithmically enhanced contributions to all order in the coupling. While there has been much progress in the past decade in combining PSMC and fixed-order calculations, the logarithmic accuracy of the underlying parton shower has received much less attention.This project will start by developing the technology to describe the structure of the perturbative calculations at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy for processes that involve QCD radiation both off the initial and the final state particles. That understanding will provide the foundations to extend for the first time the accuracy of parton showers to NNLL accuracy for a broad class of observables. Given recent developments in matching and merging of PSMCs with fixed order predictions, this will be of benefit not just for the intrinsic logarithmic accuracy of the shower but also facilitate future improvements in matching and merging, with resulting further improvements in LHC data extraction and interpretation.
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Write the concept and methodology overview for 'Intraspecific Diversity and Adaptability of Fucus vesiculosus at range limits' under Seventh Framework.

assistant: **Concept**

Intraspecific genetic diversity is the ‘raw material’ that  allows species to adjust to a changing world. For predictions of the effects of Global Change, it is crucial to know if low genetic diversity is a result of local adaptation (i.e. if a species has experienced strong selection), or if other processes  are responsible. The Baltic Sea is an extreme marine environment and its extreme temperature and salinity gradients are likely to be strong selective forces. A recent review revealed that for many Baltic Sea species, intraspecific genetic diversity was lower than in the North Sea or Atlantic. It remains unknown, however, if genetic diversity declines with increases in environmental stress and/or if marginal populations (assumed to experience highest selection) show the lowest genetic diversity. The proposed research focuses on the selective forces behind diversity loss in the bladder-wrack, Fucus vesiculosus L., a canopy forming keystone species in the Baltic Sea. On the other hand, ecological consequences (i.e. population adaptability) of a changed diversity at distributional edges will be examined. We will study changes in genetic diversity associated with various stresses by first  examining the population genetic diversity and structure of F. vesiculosus along the environmental gradients in the Baltic Sea, focusing on latitudinal edges, edges within estuaries and edges on slopes. Secondly, we will conduct laboratory experiments that challenge germlings of F. vesiculosus with different stresses (temperature, salinity, light and nutrient levels). The fitness of different genotypes will be examined under different environments and interactions between factors will be tested. Additionally, genetic diversity of germling populations will be varied to test whether mor
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Draft an executive summary for the EU project 'Application of photochromic compounds to improve resolution in fluorescence microscopy up to molecular scale' (PC-NANOSCOPY) targeting Sixth Framework.

assistant: **Abstract**

New techniques in far-field fluorescence microscopy have improved optical resolution down to several times the diffraction limit. The resolution currently achieved with these techniques is 28nm. Recently it was proposed that fluorescent reversible molecular compounds (photoswitches") could be utilized in fluorescence microscopy, allowing, in principle, to improve the resolution up to molecular dimensions, i.e. 1-5nm. The use of these photochromic compounds should enable the utilization of very low light intensities, thus making the technique particularly suitable for biological applications.It is proposed to investigate the feasibility and performance of photochromic fluorescent compounds in modern far-field fluorescent microscopy techniques, as well as explore its different potential uses and applications. The aim of this project is to improve resolution to a few nanometres and, in particular, apply the technique to live-cell imaging as well as to memory storage and lithography. Undertaking this scientific project in a field's leader's laboratory will give me the opportunity to learn advanced microscopy techniques, and acquire a significant experience and expertise in the field. After having completed my training in Germany, I will be prepared to set up a research team and start an independent research career in my home country, Argentina."
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain how 'The Impossible and the Imaginable: Late-Medieval Semantics of Impossibility and the Roots of Complex Mathematics' goes beyond current state-of-the-art under Horizon Europe.

assistant: **Innovation**

A popular view in the history of philosophy and science holds that we only conceive what is in some sense possible and cannot truly understand anything intrinsically contradictory. The Chimera is the paradigmatic example of such an inconceivable absolute impossibility in medieval logic. ""Chimera"" is a necessarily empty term lacking signification and reference. Analogously premodern mathematics dismisses the square root of a negative number as the impossible result of an impossible operation, i.e. something as nonsensical as the Chimera.Yet by the 16th century complex numbersi.e. those numbers having an imaginary part i = the numerical value of [root1]start being used and problematised. Somewhere down the line these ""impossible numbers"" had become conceivable and manipulable. How and why did this shift happen?i2 seeks the answer in the late medieval semantics of necessarily empty terms. In the 14th century, Marsilius of Inghen (ca.1341-96) makes terms like ""Chimera"" properly signifying, understandable and referential in his semantics. Marsilius' account of imaginable absolute impossibilities is widely influential in the 15th and 16th centuries. Girolamo Cardanocredited with the philosophical problematisation of complex numbersseems at least partly aware of this Marsilian tradition.Marsilius' semantics of imaginable impossibilities, its later reception and its possible influence on Cardano have not yet been explored. This is what i2 is set to do for the first time, through a key-concept analysis and the applications of the method of historical and rational reconstruction to a rich textual corpus. i2 will produce a groundbreaking account of the rise of complex mathematics in relation to the medieval semantics of impossibility and imaginability.Based at Radboud's Cent
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Compose the 'Concept and Approach' section for a Fourth Framework proposal on 'Advanced DI Diesel with High Pressure Injection Control'.

assistant: **Concept**

Increasing importance of the CO2 emission limitations make the DI Diesel engine with its over 20 % lower CO2 emission than today's gasoline engines more attractive for future passenger car powertrains. However, simultaneous reduction in NOx, Particulate (PM) and noise emission limits, as proposed on experts basis for stage 2000 (scenario 2) in the EU, may make it impossible to sell these attractive Diesel enginestoday, no concepts to reach these limits are available. The objective of the project is the realisation of DI Diesel engine powered research-prototype demonstrator vehicles showing:  the same C02 level as today's Diesel engines  pollutant emission reduction down to 0,5/0,37/0,05 g/km of HC+NOxlNOx/PM  noise level no more than 1 dB higher w.r.t. today's gasoline engines. The results can, as a prenormative action, act as a guideline to the European Commission for future legislative action regarding emissions. These goals shall be achieved by developing a new ultra high pressure common rail injection system (featuring flexible injection control, rate shaping and pre and postinjection), developing a specifically tailored combustion concept, and combine this with a new after treatment system and a noise" optimised engine structure and mechanical design."
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Compose a compelling abstract for 'Determining how the chemical and physical properties of single aerosol particles affect their cloud forming potential' demonstrating excellence, impact and implementation quality for a Seventh Framework call.

assistant: **Abstract**

This proposal aims to address uncertainties on the interactions between aerosol particles and cloud droplets. One of the unique and exceptional aspects of the proposed work is that these measurements will not only provide information on the interactions between aerosol particles and cloud droplets in the planetary boundary layer but also in the free troposphere. The Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique UBP/CNRS at the University Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand is exceptionally experienced in the field of atmospheric science and their expertise encompasses both experimental and theoretical approaches. Dr. Freney is an outstanding young scientist that has a truly global research record. She graduated from her undergraduate degree in 2002 at Limerick Institute of Technology in Ireland. She traveled to the University of Edinburgh, Scotland to carry out her PhD on the ‘Applications and evaluations of an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer’ and graduated in June 2006. During her postdoctoral research Dr. Freney explored different instrumental methods to understand and examine atmospheric particles at Arizona State University, USA. During this time she used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and state of the art environmental TEM (ETEM) and also gained a detailed knowledge of the complex dependencies of particle hygroscopicity on particle composition, size, and mixing state. Dr. Freney is an excellent match for the proposed project and it will provide her with the opportunity to carry out research in Europe. It is in Dr. Freney's best interests to remain in France and for that reason the holding of the marie curie reintegration grant will provide her with an exceptional stepping stone from temporary postdoctoral positions to a permanent research positions such as thos