RCaz/eu-funding-proposals-sft huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe how 'Impacts of biodiversity loss on food webs during the Upper Palaeolithic in the Cantabrian Region.' will create measurable scientific, societal and economic impact aligned with Horizon Europe.

assistant: **Impact**

During the Upper Palaeolithic, Europe witnessed major climatic changes, the extinction of mammal species, and substantial transformations in human demography and culture. In the Cantabrian Region, a climate refuge during colder phases, human populations grew exponentially, marking the onset of resource overexploitation. By integrating cutting-edge paleoclimate reconstructions, extensive archaeo-paleontological data, ancient environmental DNA and trophic network models, FOOD-WEBS will test whether, and to what extent, the loss of biodiversity affected: a) the human carrying capacity, and b) the vulnerability of human populations to climate changes. The Evolutionary Ecology Group, led by Prof. Manica and renowned for ecological modelling, will provide training in machine learning techniques to reconstruct trophic interactions between species. In addition, training in ancient DNA metabarcoding will be acquired during a secondment in Prof. Alsos’s Ancient DNA lab. Using climate-induced biomass fluctuations, we will estimate the abundance of each species and compute, for the first time, energy fluxes along trophic links. This will enable the first quantitative assessment of human resilience to climate change and biodiversity loss in our deep past. The training and research offered by this MSCA will position me as an expert in past trophic networks and computational archaeology. FOOD-WEBS will build a new reference framework to assess the relationship between climate change, biodiversity loss, and human population dynamics in Prehistory.


**Keywords:** Paleoecology, Modelling, Computational Archaeology, Environment
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain the overall concept, methodology and approach for the project 'Measurement of surface hardness of ceramic tiles by Vickers' indentation method' (1994-1998).

assistant: **Concept**

This project deals with the measurement of surface hardness of ceramic tiles, in the framework of the mechanical characterisation of their proper surface. The surface hardness represents the ability of the surface to withstand scratches and cuts, and is also connected to the resistance to impacts and other stresses of various kinds, typical of the normal working conditions of tiled floors and walls. It is a very important characteristic, which conditions the 'durability' of ceramic surfaces in actual working conditions. The test method for the measurement of surface hardness of glazed and unglazed ceramic tile at present included in EN standards, is based on Mohs' scale. This method is affected by various problems, with the risks to achieve, by these measurements, misleading results; as a consequence, in the new ISO Standards on ceramic tiles prepared by ISO/TC 189, the Mohs' test has been suppressed. This RTD project aims to develop a new standard method based on Vickers indentation test. The final objectives of this Project are the following: 1. Development of a draft standard method for the measurement of surface hardne of ceramic tiles. 2. Design criteria for the development of products with improved tile surfaces, from the mechanical reliability point of view. The achievement of these objectives will represent a significative progress beyond the state of the art. The work activity is organised in 4 Work Packages. W.P.l 'Sampling & Characterisation', is devoted to a systematic study of Vickers hardness of a wide and representative sample of ceramic tiles produced in Europe, as well as to the study of the correlations between Vickers hardness, microstructure and other properties. W.P.2 'Technological options for improved tile surfaces' is aimed to study the influence
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe the novelty, innovation potential and advance beyond the state of the art for 'Many-body physics and superconductivity in 2D materials' (SUPER-2D).

assistant: **Innovation**

The goal of this project is to prepare and functionalize layered materials and then to characterize them in-situ using a novel combination of electrical transport, photoelectron and optical spectroscopy. This approach provides a solution to the intense research efforts in trying to engineer, probe and unravel many-body physics and the superconducting coupling mechanism in layered solids. The materials under investigation are based on the families of graphene, dichalcogenides and iron based superconductors. Chemical functionalization using dopants and strain allows for an unprecedented control over their physical properties. The proposed material systems provide a new arena to explore diverse condensed matter phenomena such as electron correlation, electron-phonon coupling and superconductivity. The groundbreaking aspects of this proposal are as follows: (1) development of a unique setup where electrical transport, angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) and optical spectroscopy is measured in-situ on the same sample, (2) large-area deterministic layer-by-layer growth by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and molecular beam epitaxy, (3) the effects of mechanical strain and hence large pseudomagnetic fields on the electronic band structure will be investigated using ARPES, (4) the effects of alkali metal doping on the superconducting transition temperature and the spectral function will be investigated using transport, ARPES and optical spectroscopies shining light onto the superconducting pairing mechanisms in different classes of materials. The proposal's feasibility is firmly grounded on the pioneering work of the PI’s group on superconducting coupling in functionalized graphene and the in-situ ARPES measurements of a CVD grown graphene/BN heterostructure.


**Keywords:** a
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain the overall concept, methodology and approach for the project 'Psychology and Economics' (1998-2002).

assistant: **Concept**

The standard economic theory often fails to provide results that fit the empirical evidence we have on human decision-making both at the micro-economic and at the macro-economic levels. Recently, the scientific communities in Psychology and Economics have demonstrated their willingness to co-ordinate their expertise in order to find a coherent formal framework that would capture the true preferences of individuals. Yet, only a few attempts in this direction have been made to date. The main objective of the proposed Euroworkshops is to promote a systematic co-operation between scholars in these two dynamics fields. Indeed, by bringing together academics in Economics and Psychology, the two conferences are expected to start developing a dual scientific community that would result in the creation of a new and more realistic approach to explain human behaviour. Moreover, this should help studying important issues such as environment, management of resources and growth. The proposed Euroworkshops will address two of the most important and controversial topics concerning human judgement, decision-making and, more generally, the relation between Economics and Psychology.These are: Preferences and Utility Functions" and "Judgement under Uncertainly". First, it is widely argued in the psychology literature that the standard utility functions used in formal economic analyses fail to capture many aspects of individual decision-making. Therefore, identifying the essential modifications to the usual utility functions and incorporating these new elements would enable economists to provide a more realistic representation of agents' preferences and would result in more accurate predictions. Second, there is substantial evidence that incomplete information, together with the imperfect a
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Write the 'Expected Impact' section for the project 'Causes and Consequences of Multilevel Governance' (MLG), addressing dissemination and exploitation.

assistant: **Impact**

This five-year research programme is motivated by the question: Why does the structure of government vary, and how does this affect the quality of democracy and governance? The programme estimates and explains the scope and depth of authority exercised by subnational governments and international governmental organizations (IGOs) from 1950 to 2010. This will allow deeper understanding of a major policy development multilevel governance, the dispersion of authority away from central states to subnational and supranational levels. While major institutions, including the World Bank, the European Parliament, and European Commission recommend multilevel governance, some policy analysts claim that multilevel governance exacerbates corruption, leads to gridlock, engenders moral hazard, constrains redistribution, obfuscates accountability, and wastes money. However, comparative information about how international and subnational government varies across countries and over time is lacking, and so it is not possible to discipline normative claims against evidence. The contribution of the research programme is threefold. First, it provides carefully constructed, comparative, and reliable estimates of subnational and international government for a wide range of countries over an extended time period. Second, it seeks to advance understanding of the causes of multilevel governance, building on the major theories in the field. Third, it provides a rigorous assessment of the consequences of multilevel governance. Theories of the causes and consequences of multilevel governance will be evaluated quantitatively and in a case study of government response to climate change.
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain how 'INTEGRATED SYSTEM TO RECOVER PROCESS HEAT AND WATER IN A CERAMIC SPRAY DRYER WITH HEAT EXCHANGERS AND ABSORPTION' goes beyond current state-of-the-art under Fourth Framework.

assistant: **Innovation**

Application of the recovery technologies with advanced heat exchangers coupled with the realization and perfection of an absorption system will enable action to cut down the losses of energy produced in the phase of spray drying ceramic raw materials, rationalize energy losses in kiln flue gas and improve the efficiency of a gas turbine. This solution will, by cooling and then condensing exhaust flue gases, permit recovery of the latent heat of condensation of the water they contain, making it possible to considerably limit environmental impact. this initiative will moreover include realizing and experimenting devices to use the waste recovered with different technical solutions. All companies will be interested in the results of the experimentation of the initiative which will make it possible to intervene in the grinding process bringing benefits in terms of energy and for the environment, without affecting the technological scheme of the production cycle. In addition, the companies who have not yet fitted themselves out with a cogeneration system can be further stimulated to realize a plant including the planned refrigeration system as well.The saving of environmental resources (a reduction in the total process water consumption of over 25% is expected), the reduction in CO2 emissions (proportional to the recovery of heat) will bring benefits for the entire collectivity and the public authorities will be able to request action of environmental protection from ceramic companies also through the technology identified.This initiative is inserted in the sector of thermal waste recovery through making exchange equipment in existing industrial processes; the impact of the new technology will be considerable at industrial level because it will allow cutting costs in a secto
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Compose the 'State of the Art and Innovation' section for a Seventh Framework proposal on 'Carbohydrate utilization by the working muscle of rainbow trout'.

assistant: **Innovation**

Carbohydrate-rich diets are frequently used in the commercial farming of fish. However, fish do not appear to have an elevated capacity to clear a high load of glucose from their circulation. Special attention has been directed towards the study of the physiological responses to such carbohydrate-rich feeding. Skeletal muscles play a key role in glucose homeostasis in mammals, and exercise has a noticeable effect in lowering plasma glucose. This effect is caused by an up-regulation of glucose transport mediated by GLUT4 in skeletal muscles in response to exercise. However, the exact mediating mechanism in the modulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle has not been entirely characterized in vertebrates. Moreover, fish are an excellent model for the research of mechanisms involved in changes of the GLUT glucose transporters produced by exercise because they have anatomically separated red and white muscle masses, which allow the measurement of fibre-type-specific responses. I hypothesize that sustained exercise can be used to enhance carbohydrate expenditure in fish, increasing their natural capacity to clear and utilize plasma glucose by the contracting muscle. I will investigate this possibility, placing a special emphasis on the study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the GLUT-1 and -4 glucose transporters in white and red muscles. Changes in patterns for gene expression using a microarray platform and key biochemical parameters will also be measured in red and white muscles of rainbow trout after four weeks of sustained swimming. I expect that the results obtained from this research will help us to understand how glucose is regulated in fish. This knowledge could be transferred to European companies, leading to more efficient and environmenta
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe how 'Scaling-up SuperLubricity into Persistence' will create measurable scientific, societal and economic impact aligned with Horizon Europe.

assistant: **Impact**

Friction between moving parts and the associated wear are estimated to be directly responsible for 25% of the world's energy consumption. SSLiP seeks to establish a radically new way to drastically reduce friction, with potentially enormous technological and societal impact. The driving concept is structural superlubricity, extremely low friction that takes place at a lattice misfit between clean, flat, rigid crystalline surfaces. Structural superlubricity is currently a lab curiosity limited to micrometer scale and laboratory times. SSLiP will bring this to the macroscale to impact real-life products. The key idea is the use of tribo-colloids: colloidal particles coated in 2D materials, that will produce a dynamic network of superlubric contacts. Structural incompatibility between arrays of colloids allows us to replicate the low friction on bigger length scales and overcome the statistical roughness of real surfaces. We will leverage our breakthrough result to regenerate the 2D coatings themselves during sliding. Through careful design of these coatings, carrier fluid, and the mechanical properties of the core particles, the chemistry of sliding and collective behaviour of the colloids can be controlled. Synthesis and experiments of individual contacts will be combined with visualisation of colloid dynamics during sliding on larger scales and in-site chemical characterisation. These will be combined with multiscale simulations and theory to bridge the different length scales into a coherent framework. The developed ultra-low friction technology will drastically reduce loss of energy, for example in passenger cars (responsible for around 2 billion tonnes of CO2 per year) and increase the lifetime of parts. It will also enable radically new technologies that are impossi
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain the overall concept, methodology and approach for the project 'Housing, Finance and the Macroeconomy, 1870-2015' (SafeHouse).

assistant: **Concept**

Popular wisdom has it that no other investment is as ‘safe as houses’. Households have rigorously followed this investment advice. At the beginning of the 20th century, home ownership was the exception, not the rule. 100 years later, about two thirds of Europeans own the houses they live in. Homes have become the most important asset of households and mortgage loans have driven the growth of the financial sector, becoming its main asset. In the 2008 crisis, the housing market was the epicentre of shocks to the wealth of households and the health of banks.The rise of debt-financed home ownership has transformed household portfolios and the balance sheets of banks. Yet the effects on the macroeconomy and the implications for financial stability are not well understood. We do not have a good understanding of how risky residential real estate is as an asset, how growing housing wealth affected the overall wealth distribution, or why housing and credit markets are prone to creating boom-bust cycles. SafeHouse aims to close this gap and break new ground in the macroeconomic and financial history of housing markets in 13 European countries as well as Australia, Canada, Japan and the U.S. from 1870–2015.I will pursue three main goals. First, I will determine the long-run price of housing risk, its time variation, and geographic heterogeneity, based on an extensive data collection effort. Second, I will track the evolution of housing wealth in the 20th century and quantify its contribution to much-debated trends in wealth inequality. Third, I will study the causes of boom-bust episodes in housing markets, focusing in particular on the interaction between house prices and credit supply. By combining the production of new historical data with state-of-the-art quantitative analysis
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe the specific objectives and expected outcomes for 'Uncovering the human subcortical pathway for auditory threat detection' in the context of a Horizon Europe call.

assistant: **Objectives**

Fast detection of threats is one of the most important abilities for survival, as it allows efficiently responding to potential harms. In humans, such advantage extends well into other cognitive domains, including social communication. Threat detection is paramount in all sensory modalities, but is probably most adaptive in audition. However, research on the neural substrates of fast threat detection in humans has been almost exclusively dedicated to vision. The key neural pathway for visual fast threat detection is the so-called subcortical route for emotion. Having pulled through millions of years of evolution, this shortcut conveys crude direct sensory inputs from the thalamus to the amygdala, facilitating a prompt emotional response. In the auditory domain, evidence from non-human animals suggests that a similar fast route may exist, but it has never been described in humans. Here, I aim at testing the hypothesis that this auditory subcortical route indeed exists in our species, with neuroanatomical and functional properties that support an optimal response to threat. Using state-of-the-art electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques (scalp and intracranial electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance and diffusion-weighted imaging), I will identify a pathway compatible with this route and test its functional and temporal dynamics, relative to a cortical route. Each technique will provide essential information for thoroughly depicting the route. Beyond its function, I will examine its link to traits associated to psychiatric conditions. Then, to confirm its anatomical existence in humans, I will microscopically track its connections directly in postmortem brains. HumanSUBthreat will restructure current dominant models of human affective neuroscience, s