RCaz/eu-funding-proposals-sft huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Compose the 'Concept and Approach' section for a Horizon Europe proposal on 'Re-Constructing Sentencing: A Multidimensional Study of Judicial Discretion in Continental Europe'.

assistant: **Concept**

Consistent sentencing is a cornerstone of modern rule-of-law criminal justice systems. To enable judges to consider diverse circumstances at sentencing, legal frameworks provide judges with discretion (some countries also supply guidelines to increase consistency). The challenge is to provide judges with the right amount of discretion and guidance. This can be done in various ways, but there has not yet been any comprehensive assessment of these or of the limits they set across continental Europe. Attempts to evaluate the disparity of judicial practices run into the difficulty of identifying comparable cases. Typical sentencing studies consider behaviours to be the same if they fall within the same legal offence definition. However, each offence encompasses a wide range of behaviours, which impedes proper identification of disparities.This project will redefine our understanding of sentencing discretion and its application by making a complex assessment of discretion within three dimensions: legal frameworks, judicial practices, and guidelines. I will analyse and classify approaches to structuring discretion in every European continental legal framework and quantify their discretion and punitivity. I will combine innovative data and methods – thorough court descriptions of criminal behaviour and natural language processing – with detailed administrative data to examine sentencing practices in two similar, yet also different countries: Finland and Czechia. I will design European guidelines for a single jurisdiction currently not employing them and experimentally evaluate their overall effectiveness, mechanisms and punitivity.By deconstructing sentencing along these three dimensions and examining each in detail, I will paint a holistic picture of sentencing discretion, it
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe the novelty, innovation potential and advance beyond the state of the art for 'Direct Ethanol from MicroAlgae' (DEMA).

assistant: **Innovation**

The DEMA Consortium will develop, demonstrate and licence a complete economically competitive technology for the direct production of bioethanol from microalgae with low-cost scalable photobioreactors by 2016. Initial proof-of-concept results show via Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and economic balance that it is feasible to use microalgae to produce bioethanol for less than € 0.40 per litre. The catalytic conversion of solar energy, H2O and CO2 into ethanol will be carried out by a metabolically engineered strain of the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.The DEMA Project will carry out research and development on the complete biofuel-production process at two levels. In the first level, the performance of cyanobacteria will be substantially enhanced by a series of metabolic engineering strategies to directly transform CO2, H2O and sunlight into Bioethanol at a concentration level of >1-2% (v/v). In the second level the bioethanol is continuously extracted from the culture media via a membrane technology process exploiting existing EU expertise and technology. This elegant process design enables the economic and energy efficient production of Biofuel at a dramatically reduced Capital and Operational expenditure. LCA performance is excellent and the overall approach is likely to be superior to any other alternative process design either proposed in the literature or by the US biofuels firm Algenol. We will also study exploitation of the residual biomass for other energy related applications to generate an even better total LCA.The DEMA bioethanol process will be economically, socially, and environmentally positive, providing a complement and future replacement to terrestrial biomass-derived ethanol and act as an immediately actionable means of reducing the carbon f
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain the overall concept, methodology and approach for the project 'Topological Light at Structured Surfaces' (TOPOLOGICAL).

assistant: **Concept**

By using metamaterials and metasurfaces as the platform, this proposal focuses on the novel topological physics and applications introduced by Berry phase. The flexibility in engineering the artificial ‘atoms’ and ‘molecules’ of metamaterials provides unlimited possibilities to create new structural effect where symmetry (or symmetry breaking) and topology play critical roles. We are particularly interested in the role Berry phase plays in various nontrivial surface optical effects, including topological surface states and spin Hall effect of light. The investigation of the scattering immune surface states in a topological metamaterial, i.e. an effective medium approach, acts to unify the spin Hall effect of light with the more unconventional scheme of topological orders and protected surface states. We will further exploit Berry phase in the nonlinear regime, in particular harmonic generations, to control the nonlinear coefficients to an unprecedented level. Hence our study on Berry phase in the nonlinear regime will point to a new research direction on nonlinearity coefficient engineering, which will have important impact in the area of nonlinear optics. The proposal also investigates into practical applications brought by a novel type of geometrical metasurfaces, where the phase and hence the wavefront are finely controlled by the Berry phase in a highly robust manner. The proposal involves the development of innovative synthesis technologies, theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, experimental characterizations, and device development. The new symmetry and topological effects in this research will greatly impact a number of disciplines including material science, condensed matter physics and photonics.


**Keywords:** Metamaterials,  Metasurfaces,  Plasmonics,
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Compose a compelling abstract for 'The impact of senescence on the biomechanical characteristics of ageing skin' demonstrating excellence, impact and implementation quality for a Horizon Europe call.

assistant: **Abstract**

Skin ageing is characterized by structural changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that impair the mechanical properties of the tissue, such as elasticity and stiffness. A key driver of tissue and organismal ageing is cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell-cycle arrest that triggers functional, metabolic and morphological changes. The accumulation of senescent fibroblasts in the dermis leads to impaired ECM remodelling and contributes to the mechanical decline associated with skin ageing.This project will explore how senescence influences the biomechanical characteristics of skin, focusing on changes in cell-ECM attachment. Building on my own prior observations that senescence is associated with increased cell-ECM attachment – evidenced by larger focal adhesions and elevated adhesion forces, I will extend this analysis across multiple tissues and establish it as a hallmark of senescence. Next, I will investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced senescent cell attachment by analysing surface proteomics, the composition of focal adhesions, and the role of mTORC1 hyperactivity. Alongside, I will develop a 3D hydrogel model mimicking aged dermal ECM to enable functional studies of senescent cells under physiologically relevant conditions. Lastly, I will assess potential treatments to promote cell migration and ECM remodelling in vitro. By integrating molecular, cellular, and biomechanical approaches, this project aims to deepen our understanding of skin ageing mechanisms, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies to maintain skin health throughout the lifecourse.


**Keywords:** senescence, cell-ECM interactions, mTORC1, aged dermis, 3D hydrogel, ECM remodelling
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe the specific objectives and expected outcomes for 'unlocKing the potential of AI-based weatheR forecasts for Operational benefitS' in the context of a Horizon Europe call.

assistant: **Objectives**

KAIROS will improve the quality of meteorological information provided to the aviation community through the use of artificial intelligence. By producing accurate digital weather forecasts at longer lead times, aviation stakeholders will be bettered position to mitigate the impacts of weather on their operations. KAIROS will mature the TRL of results from previous SESAR Exploratory Research projects, with the goal of reaching TRL 7 through the completion of operational demonstrations. The project will integrate live weather information from AI forecasts with existing decision support tools and platforms to assess the operational benefits to several end-users. The KAIROS solution will enable a paradigm shift in the management of demand capacity balancing at all levels of the European airspace system including network level, local FMP, and UAM. KAIROS AI-based weather forecasts are intended to be an enabling technology that will unlock operational efficiencies and the automation of planning activities within the airspace system. By providing accurate weather forecasts earlier in the air traffic flow management process, aviation stakeholders including ANSPs, airports, and airlines will be able to formulate strategies to minimize the disruption to their operations.


**Keywords:** Artificial Intelligence, Digitalisation, Weather Forecast, Airspace Capacity
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Compose a compelling abstract for 'Ambiguity in Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning' demonstrating excellence, impact and implementation quality for a Seventh Framework call.

assistant: **Abstract**

Understanding the pattern of interactions between the languages of multilingual speakers, and the mechanisms supporting efficient learning of a foreign-language are imperative in today's global society. For one, the majority of individuals in the world use more than one language in their daily lives. Second, many individuals are required to learn a foreign-language as adults, to be able to acquire higher education, to advance in the work place, and the like. Developing efficient instruction methods is thus an essential endeavour. The proposed work will address both of these issues, focusing on learning and representation of words.The mapping between lexical-form and word meaning(s) is often ambiguous both within a language and across languages. Such indirect mappings pose particular difficulty for vocabulary learning, because learners need to achieve stable links between the to-be-learned lexical form and an unequivocal specification of its meaning. The proposed project focuses on this challenge, and examines it's consequences for first-language representation. The first objective is therefore to explore the consequences of foreign-language vocabulary learning on meaning representation of first-language words. Such backward influences are theoretically important because they speak to the dynamic and interconnected nature of the bilingual lexicon. The second objective is to improve foreign-language vocabulary learning by (1) identifying ambiguity types that create challenges for learning, and (2) test different instruction methods tailored at alleviating the difficulty associated with these ambiguity types. The third objective is to examine how learner's characteristics interact with this particular complexity. We focus on (1) individual differences in working memory spa
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Draft an impact statement for 'The stressed brain - focus on dopamine receptors', explaining its relevance to EU policy priorities under Fourth Framework.

assistant: **Impact**

Research objectives and content As mesolimbic dopamine neurons may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and may be a substrate for the therapeutic actions of antidepressant drugs, the proposed study aims at elucidating the role of dopamine in psychosocial stress-induced behavior and in antidepressant action. A new and valid animal model to study this behavior is the subordinate tree shrew. We will investigate whether chronic psychosocial stress induces alterations in density and affinity of dopamine receptors in the tree shrew brain and whether these changes are correlated with changes in locomotor activity. Furthermore, we will approach the question whether antidepressant treatment affects dopamine receptor properties in tree shrews under chronic psychosocial stress. Training content (objective, benefit and expected impact) In general, the applicant will gain experience in stress biology research. More specific, the applicant will be trained in receptor binding techniques, which are important tools in contemporary anatomy and pharmacology. Furthermore, experience will be gained in behavioral studies and skills acquired in biochemical assays like RIA and HPLC. Links with industry / industrial relevance (22) This study could provide indirect evidence for a role of dopamine receptors in the pathogenesis of depression and therefore lead to new targets for antidepressant treatment.
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain the overall concept, methodology and approach for the project 'Communication within the Immune System: Basic Rules and Their Breakdown' (1998-2002).

assistant: **Concept**

This proposal is for two meetings, which will cover different but complementary aspects of research into the ways in which specific immune responses to infectious agents are developed while pathological immune responses against self-antigens normally do not occur. Both meetings will cover certain basic aspects of the immune response such as interactions between the innate and adaptive response, triggering events in lymphocyte activation and cytokines and chemokines involved in the development and regulation of an integrated immune response. Considerable advances are being made in understanding the ways in which the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response interact and impingue upon this ability of the body to discriminate between self and non-self.This is therefore a particularly timely point to hold conferences on this topic both with regard to increasing public and scientific awareness and understanding. In the first meeting specific emphasis will be placed on the genetics and effector mechanisms of autoimmune disease and factors influencing the expansion and maturation of cells of the immune system. A key objective of this conference series will be to bring together not only senior established research scientists but also younger scientists and researchers in an environment where open discussion of ideas and concepts can occur. Conferences in this series will therefore bring together expertise from many areas of immunological research and provide a forum not only for fruitful interaction between scientists of all ages but also a broad training base for young researchers. The intimate nature of these conferences ensures that younger scientists have ready access to established workers in the field not only with regard to information and possible collaborations b
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Explain the overall concept, methodology and approach for the project 'Advanced Biological Waste-to-Energy Technologies' (BIOWET).

assistant: **Concept**

The concern of the international community in utilizing renewable energy sources is ever rising. The reasons are both economical (rising oil/gas/coal prices) and ecological (greenhouse gas emission mitigation). Biological methods for energy production such as anaerobic digestion or microbial fuel cells have a great potential to substitute fossil fuels. Moreover, these biological methods often utilize waste, contaminated materials or polluted environments (e.g. wastewater, solid waste or contaminated sediments), thus coupling energy production to waste minimization/reclamation.The proposed IRSES “BioWET” project will integrate a number of advanced biotechnologies for waste-to-energy conversion. It will include anaerobic digestion of wastewater and solid waste, bio-hydrogen production from industrial wastewater and direct electricity production using sediment fuel cells. As the quality of biogas/hydrogen gas produced via anaerobic processes is crucial for further utilization as source of heat and electricity, experimental work on gas quality up-grading (CO2 sequestration and H2S removal) is included too. The project includes six research work packages and two transfer of knowledge (summer school and international workshop) work packages. Besides the research tasks, this IRSES project aims to 1) transfer knowledge between the partners, 2) explore new research lines and 3) stimulate (knowledge for knowledge) networking via support of the mobility of early-stage and experienced researchers.The consortium consists of three partners, 2 from Europe (Institute for Chemical Technology [ICT Prague], the Czech Republic and UNESCO-IHE Institute for water Education, the Netherlands) and 1 from USA (University of South Florida [USF]). The mobility of experienced staff and early-stage
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe the specific objectives and expected outcomes for 'European Scalable Complementary Offshore Renewable Energy Sources' in the context of a Horizon 2020 call.

assistant: **Objectives**

Efficient and effective use of offshore renewables is pivotal in the transition of the EU to become a net-zero economy in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. EU-SCORES will unlock the large-scale potential of the roll-out of offshore renewable energy in multi-source parks across different European sea basins through two highly comprehensive and impactful demonstrations: (1) An offshore solar PV system in Belgium co-located with a bottom fixed windfarm and; (2) A wave energy array in Portugal co-located with a floating wind farm. The multi-source demonstrations in EU-SCORES will showcase the benefits of a continuous power output harnessing the complementarity between wind, sun and waves as it leads to a more resilient and stable power system, higher capacity factors and a lower total cost per MWh. These aspects will also improve the business case for the production of green hydrogen within these parks. The full-scale demonstrations will prove how the increased power output and capacity installed per km2 will reduce the amount of marine space needed, thereby leaving more space for aquaculture, fisheries, shipping routes and environmentally protected zones. Additional benefits attained by co-using critical electrical infrastructures and exploring advanced operation and maintenance methodologies supported by innovative autonomous systems will further lower the costs per MWh. The involvement of major project developers and utility companies (EDP, EGP, SBE, RWE, EnBW, Eneco, OceanWinds, and Parkwind) will ensure an accelerated path towards commercialisation of these innovative parks.Altogether, through a highly competent, skilled and motivated consortium EU-SCORES will pave the way for bankable multi-source parks including wind, wave and floating solar systems across different
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe how 'Coatings for supercritical steam cycles' will create measurable scientific, societal and economic impact aligned with Fifth Framework.

assistant: **Impact**

The reduction of CO2 emissions requires the increase of power plant efficiency. This can be achieved by applying higher steam temperatures. However, at temperatures higher than 550 degrees Celsius, steam oxidation of steels causes the formation of very thick oxide scales that produce a thermal insulating effect resulting in overheating. The scale may also spall with the consequence of a metal cross-section loss that can cause erosion of components located down-stream as well as component blockage. The use of coatings to prevent such oxidation reactions can be the solution to this problem. Understanding the mechanism of steam oxidation, as well as the formation of protective oxide scales would provide an important tool for design in materials and/or protective coatings to be used under the new expected operating conditions.