RCaz/eu-funding-proposals-sft huggingface dataset:
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Compose the 'Concept and Approach' section for a Horizon Europe proposal on 'Sample complexity for inverse problems in PDE'.

assistant: **Concept**

This project will develop a mathematical theory of sample complexity, i.e. of finite measurements, for inverse problems in partial differential equations (PDE). Inverse problems are ubiquitous in science and engineering, and appear when a quantity has to be reconstructed from indirect measurements. Whenever physics plays a crucial role in the description of an inverse problem, the mathematical model is based on a PDE. Many imaging modalities belong to this category, including ultrasonography, electrical impedance tomography and photoacoustic tomography. Many different PDE appear, depending on the physical domain. Currently, there is a substantial gap between theory and practice: all theoretical results require infinitely many measurements, while in all applied studies and practical implementations, only a finite number of measurements are taken. We argue that this gap is crucial, since the number of measurements is usually not very large, and has important consequences, regarding the choice of measurements, the priors on the unknown and the reconstruction algorithms. Many safe and effective modalities have had very limited use due to low reconstruction quality. Within a multidisciplinary approach, by combining methods from PDE theory, numerical analysis, signal processing, compressed sensing and machine learning, we will bridge this gap by developing a theory of sample complexity for inverse problems in PDE. This will allow for the deriving of a new mathematical theory of inverse problems for PDE under realistic assumptions, which will impact the implementation of many modalities, guiding the choice of priors and measurements. Consequently, emerging imaging modalities will become closer to actual usage. As a by-product, we will also derive new compressed sensing results
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe the novelty, innovation potential and advance beyond the state of the art for 'Chaotropic delivery of fully anionic oligonucleotides' (BOOST).

assistant: **Innovation**

Developing effective membrane transporters is a key challenge for the delivery of nucleic acid-based drugs. Despite the exponential discovery of such biomolecules with therapeutic potential, the majority of them may need to be discarded from further development for being too hydrophilic to cross the lipid membrane. Future delivery technologies require the development of conceptually new approaches that can overcome the emerging limitations of current carriers and strategies. Recently, superchaotropic boron clusters have been validated to activate the transport of a broad range of hydrophilic cargos. The anionic nature of these clusters offers an alternative transport scenario. The clusters will not aggregate with hydrophilic anionic domains and, instead, will be repelled by anions. Therefore, they could be exploited to modify the structure of cargos without altering their solubility and function. The main goal of this action is the connection of superchaotropic boron clusters to hydrophilic biomolecules such as probes and nucleic acids to enable their autonomous membrane transport, while preventing self-aggregation and unspecific interactions with other biological surfaces. This will be achieved through an interdisciplinary approach that will simultaneously provide me with valuable training in chemistry, biology and biophysics, promoting my scientific independence. Short oligonucleotides will be designed to incorporate a variable number of modified nucleosides for future functionalization with boron clusters. Modified oligonucleotides, such as those bearing alkyne or azide functions, will be purchased from commercial sources and combined with cluster derivatives using click chemistry. These new chaotropic oligonucleotide hybrids will allow understanding and validating t
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Write the concept and methodology overview for 'The EC environmental policy - a comparative analysis of its efficiency and equity effects in the water sector in three differently regulated countries - Great Britain, France and Italy' under Fourth Framework.

assistant: **Concept**

When regulating the water industry, governments have to face both the economic and the environmental problems.The theory of regulatory economics sazs that in the presence of different institutions each with a different objective (the environmental and the economic one) it is not always possible-to guarantee the optimal balance between the social benefit of an higher quality standard and the social cost of the higher prices which result from the environmental obligations. This raises three major questions: (1) how much the compliance of the obligations imposed by internal and external environmental regulators to the industry increases its costs of production; (2) how much an increase in the costs influences (a) the price level of the service and (b) the tariff structure when different kind of tariff schemes are considered; (3) which is the willingness to pay for quality by different categories of consumers. I have two objectives: (i) to consider how the most efficient role of an external institution, the European Community, in the regulatory structure of the water industry, should be defined. Then, (ii) I aim to consider each of the questions raised above and analyze how UK, France and Italy have reacted to comply with the Drinking Water Directive and the Urban Waste Water Treaty Directive The activity within the Centre for Management Under Regulation has been mainly based, up to now, on investigation about different regulatory choices and on the response of public utilities to regulation in the UK This will be an important pillar on which I will base my international comparative study My quantitative and theoretical background acquired during the M Sc. at Warwick and during my Ph.D in Political Economy at Naples, together with the interdisciplinary nature of the CMUR wi
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Draft the 'Objectives and Scope' section of a Horizon Europe proposal for the project 'Physiological adaptations to ecological niches in coccolithophore haplodiplontic life cycle'.

assistant: **Objectives**

Human CO2 emissions are critically poisoning the earth's climate. However, sedimentation by marine primary producers contributes greatly to carbon sequestration, with coccolithophores, unicellular marine algae with cell envelopes composed of CaCO3, being the key contributors. Nevertheless, the extent of the biogeochemical impact of coccolithophores is largely unknown. They have a dual life cycle and can grow as both haploids and diploids, but past research has focused mainly on the diploid phase. Moreover, knowledge of coccolithophores is almost exclusively limited to a single species that is distributed worldwide, and can form blooms visible from space. However, this species is peculiar in many biological aspects and does not calcify in the haploid phase, therefore we need to develop more model organisms to represent impact of coccolithophores on the carbon cycle.In this action, my objective is to understand how the physiological acclimations of the coccolithophore life cycle phases allow them to inhabit different ecological niches. I will implement a multidisciplinary approach to investigate two levels of complexity: how environmental factors influence physiology and which genes contribute to distinct genetic programs. To this end, I will work on a widespread coccolithophore species that calcifies at both life cycle phases. I will characterize for the first time how photosynthesis (light-driven CO2 fixation) and photoprotection (dissipation of excess energy) differ between the two phases, and determine which environmental conditions trigger ploidy transitions. To investigate the underlying genetic factors, I will then sequence the genome and, in both phases, the transcriptome. Overall, the ambition of the Cocco-Next project is to provide important insights into the in
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Write a project proposal abstract for 'Exact Results in Gauge Theory and Beyond' to be submitted under Seventh Framework.

assistant: **Abstract**

Quantum field theory plays a prominent role in our understanding of many phenomena in physics, from condensed matter physics to particle physics. The standard approach to quantum field theory relies on perturbation theory that is a powerful tool only when the system is weakly coupled and for most of the models, exact results are not accessible. This research project aims at developing and exploiting few of the recently discovered interconnections between gauge theory, string theory, 2D CFT and matrix models, in order to study the strong coupling dynamics of gauge theory and also some formal aspects of string theory. The training proposed in this project aims at improving  the candidate's capability to perform leading independent research.
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe the novelty, innovation potential and advance beyond the state of the art for 'The role of chromatin modifier protein hDaxx and its interaction partners in intrinsic resistance to virus infection.' (2007-2013).

assistant: **Innovation**

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 are significant and common human pathogens. Although most infections are mild, they cause one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, infections in the eye can lead to blindness, active genital herpes necessitates caesarean delivery, and herpes encephalitis is usually fatal. Current anti-HSV drugs based on acyclovir are effective, but there will be a future need for alternative antiviral treatments. After a primary infection, HSV establishes a lifelong latent state from which it reactivates periodically, leading to recurring disease. Latent viral genomes are in a heterochromatin-like state in which transcription of almost all viral genes is repressed. Reactivation involves de-repression of viral gene transcription. Understanding the mechanisms by which HSV can establish, maintain and reactivate from latent infections may reveal avenues for the development of novel therapies. Cells express certain proteins that confer intrinsic resistance to DNA virus infections by repressing viral transcription. In turn, viruses encode proteins that combat this repression and thus increase viral gene expression. The interplay between these pathways determines whether HSV initiates a lytic or quiescent infection and is likely to be important in the regulation of latency. This project proposes to study hDaxx, a cellular protein that contributes to intrinsic antiviral resistance by repressing viral gene expression at the earliest stages of infection. Using novel technologies to deplete cells of endogenous hDaxx, then to reintroduce expression of normal and mutant forms of the protein, this project will define the sequence motifs and interaction partners of hDaxx that are required for its antiviral activity. A detailed understanding of the
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe the specific objectives and expected outcomes for 'Development of New Technologies for Low Noise Railways Infrastructure' in the context of a Fourth Framework call.

assistant: **Objectives**

Amongst environmental issues that represent major constraints for European Railways, noise generated by freight traffic is one of the most important and difficult to solve. Freight traffic is operated as much at night as during the day, and noise levels imposed by legislation tend to be particularly severe for this type of traffic. Noise emitted by freight traffic is the result of interaction between freight wagons, belonging to a wide number of Companies all over Europe and neighbour countries, and national infrastructures This makes solutions especially difficult to apply, and require a joint effort at European level. Although ground based protection such as noise barriers, or buildings improvement. will remain locally necessary, a reduction at the source is indeed more efficient, when achievable Reducing freight traffic noise at its source requires combined action on both track and wagons. Therefore, (( Silent Track )) project clusters closely with the BRITE EURAM 'Silent Freight' project, BRPR CT95 0047, started in february 1996, which concentrates on solutions for interoperable rolling stock The objectives of (( Silent Track )) are to develop a number of innovative technical solutions to be applied to existing tracks, and also to new infrastructure, allowing to reach, together with a combined action on vehicles, a global reduction of noise emitted by the train/track system by about 10 dB(A) The cost of implementing these solutions, by retrofit on existing tracks, or from building stage for new ones. must remain reasonable, that is significantly lower than the cost of a noise barrier. Work will include development of investigation and simulation tools, design and validation of solutions. with a strong emphasis on the understanding of phenomena governing rail roughne
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Draft an impact statement for 'Determination of Elemental Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosols using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Combined Laboratory and Field Investigation', explaining its relevance to EU policy priorities under Seventh Framework.

assistant: **Impact**

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry and give rise to secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which have effects on climate and human health. A considerable lack of knowledge exists concerning the formation of new particle mass from BVOCs and the organic chemical composition of natural aerosols. Laboratory chamber experiments have been performed during several decades in an attempt to mimic atmospheric SOA formation. However, it is not entirely clear how close the aerosol particles generated in laboratory smog chamber experiments resemble atmospheric SOA particles with respect to their chemical composition. The objective of the current proposal includes determination of the elemental composition of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from both laboratory and ambient samples using novel ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. For reaching this objective, we will examine archived and newly collected aerosol samples from both laboratory experiments (i.e., performed at smog chamber facilities) and field campaigns at forested European sites (i.e., a boreal forest site, Hyytiälä, Finland, and a rural site,  Auchencorth, United Kingdom) which exhibit large concentrations of biogenic SOA. Aerosol samples will be extracted in water and then directly analyzed with the ultra-high resolution Orbitrap MS. The elemental composition of detected compounds will be determined using Kendrick mass analysis methods. The influence of different smog chamber operation conditions (e.g., ozonolysis vs. photo-oxidation) on the elemental composition of SOA components will be evaluated. The elemental composition of the complex compound mixtures from SOA samples generated under various laboratory conditions will be compared with field samples using stat
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Draft an executive summary for the EU project 'Processing and Production in Heritage Speakers: The Role of Disambiguating Cues' (ProHeritageSpeakers) targeting Horizon 2020.

assistant: **Abstract**

Heritage speakers (HSs) are heterogeneous in terms of the outcomes of heritage (minority) language (HL) acquisition and they typically diverge from age-matched monolinguals when tested in comprehension and production, although HSs receive HL exposure from birth. At present, comparatively little is known about how HSs process the HL in real-time and if this is computationally more costly than for first language (L1) monolinguals. The ProHeritageSpeakers project focuses on Romanian HSs with L2 German and investigates, for the first time, whether HSs use morphosyntactic cues when comprehending HL input in real-time and how the presence of similar grammatical information in the dominant L2 modulates access to such cues in the HL. This will be done in two studies, one with children, one with adults, assessing online/offline comprehension and production of ""which""-questions in Romanian. On a theoretical level, this work will significantly contribute to the field of Heritage Language Bilingualism by showing whether HL processing time-course mirrors L1 time-course and to what extent L2 properties shape HL processing, thus leading to differences in acquisitional trajectories between HSs and L1 speakers. On a societal and educational level, the findings will be of interest to teachers, speech pathologists and immigrant parents. Gaining a clearer understanding of the mechanisms underlying language processing in HL learners, and how these compare to the HSs’ ability to produce HLs, may help elucidate ways in which HLs can be more effectively taught and maintained, which is of great importance for both the well-being of immigrants and for language preservation at the level of the community. If we can precisely delineate the type of information both child/adult HSs rely on during L
system: You are an expert grant writer specializing in European Union research funding proposals. You write compelling, well-structured proposal sections that demonstrate excellence, impact, and implementation quality, using precise EU terminology and following best practices for Horizon Europe, Horizon 2020, and earlier framework programmes.

user: Describe how 'Self-organized formation of atomic-size magnetic nano-wires' will create measurable scientific, societal and economic impact aligned with Sixth Framework.

assistant: **Impact**

This proposal has two major objectives which are: first, the self-organized creation of magnetic nanowires of atomic width and well-defined lengths as well as the creation of superlattices with the magnetic metals alternating with a non-magnetic spacer. Second, a detailed structural characterisation of these nanostructures, with picometer accuracy. The first aim will be reached with an innovative approach that exploits the flexibility of the substrate surface, instead of using the dominating technique of step decoration. Straight and well aligned rows of cobalt and nickel will be produced on the Ir(OOl) surface, tuning the restructuring of the surface by different deposition and annealing temperatures and by the use of hydrogen as a surfactant. The feasibility of the project is ensured by the expertise of the host institution on this approach, that has successfully applied to grow iron nanostructures, and by the familiarity of the applicant with magnetic metals growth. The second goal of this project will be reached by a joint use of STM and quantitative LEED. The combined use of these techniques is a powerful tool for a complete characterization of nanoscopically structured films and the host institution has outstanding experience on that. Within this project, the applicant will have an advanced training on these techniques, enriching her scientific know how. Thanks to this fellowship she will have the possibility to wide and shape her individual competencies, as a basis for the future activity. At a community level, this fellowship will help the transfer of technological skills and the spread of a new promising method for the creation of laterally nanostructured magnetic materials.