The global hectare (gha) is a measurement unit for quantifying both the ecological footprint of people or activities as well as the biocapacity of the earth or its regions.
 One global hectare represents the average productivity of all biologically productive areas (measured in hectares) on earth in a given year.
 Examples of biologically productive areas include cropland, forests, and fishing grounds; they do not include deserts, glaciers, and the open ocean.
 "Global hectare per person" refers to the amount of biologically productive land and water available per person on the planet.
 The total number of global hectares is approximately 11.3 billion, averaging about 1.8 global hectares per person (2004).
 A total of 13.4 billion hectares were used, or 2.2 global hectares per person, meaning about 20% more was consumed than produced.
 This is possible because there are natural reserves all around the globe that function as backup food, material and energy supplies, although only for a relatively short period of time.
 Due to rapid population growth, these reserves are being depleted at an ever increasing tempo.
 See Earth Overshoot Day.
Prior to the landmark ruling "United States v. Windsor", the constitutionality of banning same-sex marriage was upheld by the Eighth Circuit in "Citizens for Equal Protection v. Bruning".
 After the "Windsor" ruling, many same-sex marriage bans were struck down by lower courts.
 The Tenth, Fourth, Seventh, and Ninth circuits all ruled that same-sex marriage bans were unconstitutional.
 The cases that made it to these circuit courts originated in district courts which for the most part also struck down same-sex marriage bans.
 When a circuit court struck down a state's same-sex marriage ban, it did not directly strike down same-sex marriage bans in other states within the circuit.
 However, it paved the way for same-sex marriage bans to be struck down in the entire circuit due to the precedent it set for district courts within the circuit to follow.
 In some states, same-sex marriage was already legal before a federal circuit court ruled on the matter.
 The Sixth Circuit ruled that same-sex marriage bans were not unconstitutional and reversed the district court rulings that struck down same-sex marriage bans.
 Since this was the only circuit court to rule this way post-"Windsor", this created a circuit split which ultimately led to the Supreme Court of the United States deciding to resolve the issue once and for all.
 They ruled that same-sex marriage bans violate the constitution in the landmark ruling "Obergefell v. Hodges" which was the consolidated case that covered each state in the Sixth Circuit.
 Some circuit courts have not ruled on the constitutionality of same-sex marriage bans at all.
 Many circuit courts had pending same-sex marriage cases, but decided to hold off on litigation until the Supreme Court ruled on the matter.
Raees Dynasty, founded by Shah Nadir Raees, ruled the princely state of Chitral from 1320 to 1660.
 The Raees dynasty was of Central Asian origin most probably from Eastern Turkistan or from Badakhshan.
 A number of rulers succeeded one after the other during the Raees dynasty and a few of them known in history of the area like Shah Nasir, Shah Tahir Raees, Shah Mahmood and Shah Abdul Qadir.
 In the late period of Raees rule its power greatly weakened due to internecine fights over succession which was taken advantage of by the Katoors.
 While the Raees were busy fighting each other the Katoors mounted an attack on the ruling family with the help of other prominent tribes and took over the reigns of the state.
 The prominent features of Raees rule were the unification of Upper Chitral and Lower Chitral into a single state, spread of Islam, introduction of Islamic system, introduction of taxation and a good administrative system.
 The dynasty ruled over Chitral till 1590 uninterruptedly when Muhtaram Shah Kator overthrew Shah Mehmood Raees in 1590.
 However Shah Mehmood Raees regained his power in 1630.
The Raees rule lingered on till 1698 when Shah Alam Katoor replaced the last Raees ruler Shah Abdul Qadir Raees who ruled from 1697-98.
Gustav II Adolf (9 December 1594 – 6 November 1632, O.S.), widely known in English by his Latinised name Gustavus Adolphus or as Gustav II Adolph, was the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632 and is credited as the founder of Sweden as a Great Power (Swedish: "Stormaktstiden" ).
 He led Sweden to military supremacy during the Thirty Years' War, helping to determine the political as well as the religious balance of power in Europe.
 He was formally and posthumously given the name Gustavus Adolphus the Great (Swedish: "Gustav Adolf den store" , Latin: "Gustavus Adolphus Magnus" ) by the Riksdag of the Estates in 1634.
Because of strong winds of up 30 to 40 miles per hour, CFL officials, in agreement with both head coaches, Bud Grant for Winnipeg and Ralph Sazio for Hamilton, changed a punting rule prior to the game, perhaps unprecedented in CFL if not in football history.
 Instead of punts being returned with no Fair catch rule, punts into the wind would be ruled dead as soon as the returner touched the ball, a sort of forced Fair catch rule, the rule being voluntary in the National Football League.
 Without the rule change, it was thought that the team going against the wind would lose the viable option of punting and be forced instead to try to convert on third downs all the time.
In Canadian and New Zealand law, fundamental justice is the fairness underlying the administration of justice and its operation.
 The principles of fundamental justice are specific legal principles that command "significant societal consensus" as "fundamental to the way in which the legal system ought fairly to operate", per "R v Malmo-Levine".
 These principles may stipulate basic procedural rights afforded to anyone facing an adjudicative process or procedure that affects fundamental rights and freedoms, and certain substantive standards related to the rule of law that regulate the actions of the state (e.g., the rule against unclear or vague laws).
 The degree of protection dictated by these standards and procedural rights vary in accordance with the precise context, involving a contextual analysis of the affected person's interests.
 In other words, the more a person's rights or interests are adversely affected, the more procedural or substantive protections must be afforded to that person in order to respect the principles of fundamental justice.
 A legislative or administrative framework that respects the principles of fundamental justice, as such, must be fundamentally fair to the person affected, but does not necessarily have to strike the "right balance" between individual and societal interests in general.
The posting rule (or mailbox rule in the United States, also known as the "postal rule" or "deposited acceptance rule") is an exception to the general rule of contract law in common law countries that acceptance of an offer takes place when communicated.
 Under the posting rule, that acceptance takes effect when a letter is posted (that is, dropped in a post box or handed to a postal worker).
 In plain English, the "meeting of the minds" necessary to contract formation occurs at the exact moment word of acceptance is "sent" via post by the person accepting it, rather than when that acceptance is "received" by the person who offered the contract.
The Northern Kingdom of Haiti (French: Royaume d'Haïti, Haitian Creole: Ini an Ayiti) was the state established by Henri Christophe on 28 March 1811 when he was self-proclaimed as King Henri I after having previously ruled as president.
 This was Haiti's second attempt at monarchical rule, as Jean-Jacques Dessalines had previously ruled over the Empire of Haiti.
 Following the assassination of Emperor Jacques, the country was split.
 Henri ruled over the north of the country as President of the State of Haiti and Alexandre Pétion, a free person of color, ruled as President of the Republic of Haiti in the south.
Per Stålhammar (born Per Jönsson; c. 1612 – January 8, 1701) was a Swedish military officer and soldier under the rule of Gustavus Adolphus, Christina, Charles X, and Charles XI.
 Stålhammar was born in Angved in Svenarum Parish, Småland, Sweden as Per Jönsson.
 He grew up on a small farm which his father, Jöns Gudmundsson (died c. 1629), leased from the crown.
 Stålhammar's mother was Karin Pedersdotter.
Stålhammar is a Swedish noble family with roots in the province of Småland.
 Its founding member was Per Stålhammar (ca. 1610-1701, born Per Jönsson Hammar), who was knighted in 1650 after a long and distinguished military career under Charles X and Charles XI as a soldier and officer.
 His service included actions in the Thirty Years' War in Poland, one of the several wars between Denmark and Sweden in the 17th century and the Scanian War.

Question: When did the person who ruled over Per Stålhammar have rule?
Answer: from 1611 to 1632