The first currents of modern socialist thought emerged in Europe in the early 19th century.
 They are now often described with the phrase utopian socialism.
 Gender and sexuality were significant concerns for many of the leading thinkers, such as Charles Fourier and Henri de Saint-Simon in France and Robert Owen in Britain, as well as their followers, many of whom were women.
 For Fourier, for example, true freedom could only occur without masters, without the ethos of work, and without suppressing passions; the suppression of passions is not only destructive to the individual, but to society as a whole.
 Writing before the advent of the term 'homosexuality', Fourier recognised that both men and women have a wide range of sexual needs and preferences which may change throughout their lives, including same-sex sexuality and "androgénité".
 He argued that all sexual expressions should be enjoyed as long as people are not abused, and that "affirming one's difference" can actually enhance social integration.
Robert Owen ( ; 14 May 1771 – 17 November 1858) was a Welsh social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement.
 He worked in the cotton industry in Manchester before setting up a large mill at New Lanark in Scotland.
 In 1824, Owen travelled to America to invest the bulk of his fortune in an experimental 1,000-member colony on the banks of Indiana's Wabash River, called New Harmony.
 New Harmony was intended to be a Utopian society.
A capitalist republic is a socialist propaganda term describing a concept of government that is antithetical to socialist thought.
 They hold that while a socialist republic is a "dictatorship of the proletariat", a capitalist republic is freedom of the common man to succeed on his own.
 In "On New Democracy", Mao Zedong distinguished his vision of a New Democratic Republic from a capitalist republic, which he characterized as an "old European-American form" of government that was "out of date".
The former socialist ideology of the Kuomintang is a unique form of socialism and socialist thought developed in China during the Republican era.
 The Tongmenghui revolutionary organization led by Dr. Sun Yatsen was the first to promote socialist ideology in China.
David Riazanov (Russian: Дави́д Ряза́нов ), born David Borisovich Goldendakh (Russian: Дави́д Бори́сович Гольдендах ; 10 March 1870 – 21 January 1938), was a political revolutionary, Marxist theoretician, and archivist.
 Riazanov is best remembered as the founder of the Marx-Engels Institute and editor of the first large-scale effort to publish the collected works of these two founders of the modern socialist movement.
 Riazanov is also remembered as a prominent victim of the Great Terror of the late 1930s.
Council communism (also councilism) is a current of socialist thought that emerged in the 1920s.
 Inspired by the November Revolution, councilism was characterized by its opposition to state capitalism/state socialism and its advocacy of workers' councils as the basis for dismantling the class state.
 Strong in Germany and the Netherlands during the 1920s, council communism continues to exist today within the greater socialist and communist movement.
Arab socialism (Arabic: الاشتراكية العربية‎ ‎ , "Al-Ishtirākīya Al-‘Arabīya") is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and socialism.
 Arab socialism is distinct from the much broader tradition of socialist thought in the Arab world, which predates Arab socialism by as much as fifty years.
 The term "Arab socialism" was coined by Michel Aflaq, the principal founder of Ba'athism and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, in order to distinguish his version of socialist ideology from the international socialist movement.
Utopian socialism is a label used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought as exemplified by the work of Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Étienne Cabet, and Robert Owen.
 Utopian socialism is often described as the presentation of visions and outlines for imaginary or futuristic ideal societies, with positive ideals being the main reason for moving society in such a direction.
 Later socialists and critics of utopian socialism viewed "utopian socialism" as not being grounded in actual material conditions of existing society, and in some cases, as reactionary.
 These visions of ideal societies competed with Marxist-inspired revolutionary social democratic movements.
Karl Vorländer (2 January 1860, Marburg – 6 December 1928, Münster) was a German neo-Kantian philosopher who taught in Solingen.
 He published various studies and editions of the works of Kant, including studies of the relation between Kantian thought and socialist thought, and of the influence of Kant on the work of Johann Wolfgang Goethe.
 His 1924 biography of Kant became a classic of Kant scholarship for much of the twentieth century (see Herbert Schnädelbach, "Kant".
 Leipzig: Reclam, 2005, p. 152).
The Two Souls of Socialism by Hal Draper is a socialist pamphlet that posits a fundamental division in socialist thought and action between those who favor "Socialism from Above" and those who favor "Socialism from Below."

Question: One of the Welsh founders of modern socialist thought worked in what industry during his lifetime?
Answer: cotton industry