The Minor Party Alliance (MPA) is a collaborative undertaking of small Australian political parties, created by Glenn Druery's "Independent Liaison" business, which assists in organising preference meetings and negotiating preference flows between minor parties (often referred to as micro-parties) in Australia.
 The aim of the Alliance is the election of Alliance candidates to Australian upper houses based upon the accumulation of their primary votes and the registered "above-the-line" party preferences to reach an electoral quota.
 For the Australian Senate, the quota for a half-Senate election in each State is normally 14.3%.
 The MPA effectively aims to "game" the electoral system, an act it believes to be justified, based upon their perception that the Australian electoral system is unfair and heavily biased against minor parties.
John Joseph Herron, (born 4 September 1932), Australian politician, ambassador and surgeon, was a Liberal member of the Australian Senate from 1990 to 2002, representing Queensland.
 From 1996 to 2001 he was the Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs.
 From 2002 to 2006 he was the Australian Ambassador to Ireland and the Holy See.
Robert James "Bob" Brown (born 27 December 1944) is an Australian former politician, medical doctor, and environmentalist who is a former Senator, and former Parliamentary Leader of the Australian Greens.
 Brown was elected to the Australian Senate on the Tasmanian Greens ticket, joining with sitting Greens Western Australia senator Dee Margetts to form the first group of Australian Greens senators following the 1996 federal election.
 He was re-elected in 2001 and in 2007.
 He was the first openly gay member of the Parliament of Australia, and the first openly gay leader of an Australian political party.
The Liberal Party of Australia is a major political party in Australia.
 Founded in 1945 to replace the United Australia Party (UAP), the broadly centre-right Liberal Party is one of the two major parties in Australian politics, along with the Australian Labor Party (ALP).
The Australian Motoring Enthusiast Party was an Australian political party from 2013 to 2017.
 Ricky Muir held a seat for the party in the Australian Senate from 2013 to 2016.
John Joseph Hogg (born 19 March 1949) is an Australian former politician, who was a member of the Australian Senate for the state of Queensland from July 1996 to June 2014, representing the Australian Labor Party.
 He was elected the 23rd President of the Senate on 26 August 2008.
Cheryl Zena Kernot (née Paton, formerly Young; born 5 December 1948) is an Australian politician, academic, and political activist.
 She was a member of the Australian Senate representing Queensland for the Australian Democrats from 1990 to 1997, and the fifth leader of the Australian Democrats from 1993 to 1997.
 In 1997, she resigned from the Australian Democrats, joined the Australian Labor Party, and won the seat of Dickson at the 1998 federal election.
 She was defeated at the 2001 federal election.
 Kernot later stood as an independent candidate to represent New South Wales in the Australian Senate in the 2010 federal election.
Freda Yetta Brown (9 June 1919 – 26 May 2009) was an Australian political activist who was a member of the Communist Party of Australia and later the Socialist Party.
 She is the only Australian woman to have been awarded a Lenin Peace Prize, which she received in 1977–78.
 Her daughter, Lee Rhiannon, is an Australian Greens member of the Australian Senate and previously a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council.
The Australian Sports Party was a registered federal political party of Australia formed in 2013 and officially deregistered in August 2015.
 The party aimed "for every Australian to be involved in sport and recreation to assist in living a healthy and enjoyable lifestyle in a strong community."
 It contested the Senate election of 2013 and succeeded in having Wayne Dropulich elected as a senator for Western Australia before that state's Senate count was declared void.
 The party failed to win a seat at the 2014 Western Australian Senate election held on 5 April 2014.
 The party was involved in Glenn Druery's Minor Party Alliance which aimed to assist election of minor-party candidates through manipulation of preferential-vote flows in conformity with the official voting regulations.
John Joseph Madigan (born 21 July 1966) is a former Australian politician.
 He was a member of the Democratic Labour Party (DLP), before resigning from the party and becoming an independent in September 2014.
 Madigan launched the John Madigan’s Manufacturing and Farming Party in 2015.
 He was elected to the Australian Senate with 2.3 percent of the primary vote in Victoria at the 2010 federal election, to serve a six-year term from July 2011.
 He failed to be re-elected at the 2016 double dissolution election, and the Manufacturing and Farming Party was voluntarily deregistered on 13 September 2016.
 Madigan joined the Australian Country Party in September 2016.

Question: In what year was the Australian political party for which John Joseph Herron served as a member of the Australian Senate from 1990 to 2002 founded?
Answer: 1945