Uncovered interest arbitrage is an arbitrage trading strategy whereby an investor capitalizes on the interest rate differential between two countries.
 Unlike covered interest arbitrage, uncovered interest arbitrage involves no hedging of foreign exchange risk with the use of forward contracts or any other contract.
 The strategy involves risk, as an investor exposed to exchange rate fluctuations is speculating that exchange rates will remain favorable enough for arbitrage to be profitable.
 The opportunity to earn profits arises from the reality that the uncovered interest rate parity condition does not constantly hold—that is, the interest rate on investments in one country's currency does not always equal the interest rate on foreign-currency investments plus the rate of appreciation that is expected for the foreign currency relative to the domestic currency.
 When a discrepancy between these occurs, investors who are willing to take on risk will not be indifferent between the two possible locations of investment, and will invest in whichever currency is expected to offer a higher rate of return including currency exchange gains or losses (perhaps adjusted for a risk premium).
The RATE project (Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth) was a research project conducted by the Creation Research Society and the Institute for Creation Research between 1997 and 2005 to assess the validity of radiometric dating and other dating techniques in the light of the doctrine of a recent creation.
 It was funded by $250,000 from the Institute for Creation Research and over $1 million in donations.
 The RATE team was chaired by Larry Vardiman (meteorology) and included Steven A. Austin (soft rock geology), John Baumgardner (geophysics), Steven W. Boyd (Hebrew), Eugene F. Chaffin (physics), Donald B. DeYoung (physics), Russell Humphreys (physics) and Andrew Snelling (hard rock geology).
Kevin R. Henke is an American geochemist and former instructor at the University of Kentucky's department of Geology.
 He currently works as a senior research scientist at the University of Kentucky's Center for Applied Energy Research.
 He is well known for his criticism of young earth creationism and the scientific arguments they make for a young earth.
 In particular, he has been critical of the RATE project's results, which claim to show that zircons contain too much helium to be billions of years old, and has argued that Russell Humphreys, a young-earth creationist who was involved in the project, has made errors in his research.
 These flaws include that, according to Henke, "The vast majority of Humphreys et al.'s critical a, b, and Q/Q0 values that are used in these "dating" equations are either missing, poorly defined, improperly measured or inaccurate."
 Henke has also accused Humphreys of misidentifying his specimens, fudging his data, and not considering the possibility of helium contamination in this research.
 He has also criticized John Woodmorappe for arguing that radiometric dating is unreliable.
 On one occasion, Henke called Kent Hovind on the phone regarding Hovind's $250,000 challenge to "prove" evolution.
 Hovind told Henke that in order to win the money he would have to recreate the Big Bang in a laboratory.
 Henke responded by proposing several alternative "proofs" that pertained to geology (his field of expertise), but Hovind refused, saying that the project must be chosen by him and it must not pertain to the area in which Henke has scientific expertise.
 Hovind therefore required Henke to prove that dogs and bananas had a common ancestor, and lowered the award to only $2,000 should he succeed.
 Henke accepted the challenge, and later drafted a contract, which was then posted on Talk.origins.
 However, one of Henke's requirements was that the judges be unbiased, and Hovind rejected the challenge for this reason, insisting that he should be the only one who can choose the judges.
The forward exchange rate (also referred to as forward rate or forward price) is the exchange rate at which a bank agrees to exchange one currency for another at a future date when it enters into a forward contract with an investor.
 Multinational corporations, banks, and other financial institutions enter into forward contracts to take advantage of the forward rate for hedging purposes.
 The forward exchange rate is determined by a parity relationship among the spot exchange rate and differences in interest rates between two countries, which reflects an economic equilibrium in the foreign exchange market under which arbitrage opportunities are eliminated.
 When in equilibrium, and when interest rates vary across two countries, the parity condition implies that the forward rate includes a premium or discount reflecting the interest rate differential.
 Forward exchange rates have important theoretical implications for forecasting future spot exchange rates.
 Financial economists have put forth a hypothesis that the forward rate accurately predicts the future spot rate, for which empirical evidence is mixed.
Martino Gamper (born in Merano in 1971) is an Italian designer based in London who became internationally regarded through his project "100 Chairs in 100 Days".
 This group of works was exhibited in 2007 in London, the Milan Triennale in 2009 and at YBCA in San Francisco in late 2010.
 It has also been published by Dent-De-Leone as a book, "100 Chairs in 100 Days and its 100 Ways", recently republished as a pocket book.
 The 100 Chairs project has been described by Gamper as "3D Drawing", and is typical of Gamper's practice in that it shows disregard for the historic design standards of harmony and symmetry.
 Gamper has stated "There is no perfect chair".
In digital communications, symbol rate, also known as baud rate and modulation rate, is the number of symbol changes, waveform changes, or signaling events, across the transmission medium per time unit using a digitally modulated signal or a line code.
 The symbol rate is measured in baud (Bd) or symbols per second.
 In the case of a line code, the symbol rate is the pulse rate in pulses per second.
 Each symbol can represent or convey one or several bits of data.
 The symbol rate is related to the gross bitrate expressed in bits per second.
The relationship between fertility and intelligence has been investigated in many demographic studies, with contradicting evidence that on a population level, intelligence is negatively correlated with fertility rate, and positively correlated with survival rate of offspring.
 The combined net effect of these two forces on ultimate population intelligence is not well studied and is unclear.
 It is theorized that if an inverse correlation of IQ with fertility rate were stronger than the correlation of survival rate, and if heritable factors involved in IQ were consistently expressed in populations with different fertility rates, and if this continued over a significant number of generations, it could lead to a decrease in population IQ scores.
 The Flynn effect demonstrates an increase in phenotypic IQ scores over time, but confounding environmental factors during the same period of time preclude any conclusion concerning underlying change in genotypic IQ.
 Other correlates of IQ include income and educational attainment, which are also fertility factors that are inversely correlated with fertility rate, and are to some degree heritable.
 It should also be noted that while fertility measures offspring per woman, if one needs to predict population-level changes, the average age of motherhood also needs to be considered, with lower age of motherhood potentially having a greater effect than fertility rate.
 (For example, a subpopulation with fertility rate of 4 with average age of reproduction at 40 years old, generally speaking, will have relatively less genotypical growth than a subpopulation with fertility rate of 3 but average age of reproduction at 20 years old.)
The interest sensitivity gap was one of the first techniques used in asset liability management to manage interest rate risk.
 The use of this technique was initiated in the middle 1970s in the United States when rising interest rates in 1975-1976 and again from 1979 onward triggered a banking crisis that later resulted in more than $1 trillion in losses when the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation were forced to liquidate hundreds of failed institutions who had typically lent for long maturities at fixed interest rates (such as 30 year fixed rate mortgages) and borrowed for much shorter maturities.
 The interest rate sensitivity gap classifies all assets, liabilities and off balance sheet transactions by effective maturity from an interest rate reset perspective.
 A thirty-year fixed rate mortgage would be classified as a 30-year instrument.
 A 15-year mortgage with a rate fixed only for the first year would be classified as a one-year instrument.
 The interest rate sensitivity gap compares the amount of assets and liabilities in each time period in the interest rate sensitivity gap table.
 This comparison gives an approximate view of the interest rate risk of the balance sheet being analyzed.
 The interest rate sensitivity gap is much less accurate than modern interest rate risk management technology where the impact of a change in the yield curve can be analyzed using the Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework based on the work of researchers such as John Hull, Alan White, Robert C. Merton, Robert A. Jarrow and many others.
A turbidostat is a continuous microbiological culture device, similar to a chemostat or an auxostat, which has feedback between the turbidity of the culture vessel and the dilution rate.
 The theoretical relationship between growth in a chemostat and growth in a turbidostat is somewhat complex, in part because they are similar.
 A chemostat has a fixed volume and flow rate, and thus a fixed dilution rate.
 A turbidostat dynamically adjusts the flow rate (and therefore the dilution rate) to make the turbidity constant.
 At equilibrium, operation of both the chemostat and turbidostat are identical.
 It is only when classical chemostat assumptions are violated (for instance, out of equilibrium; or the cells are mutating) that a turbidostat is functionally different.
 One case may be while cells are growing at their maximum growth rate, in which case it is difficult to set a chemostat to the appropriate constant dilution rate.
David Russell Humphreys is a prominent American member of the young Earth creationist movement, with a PhD in physics.
 He has proposed a theory for the origin of the universe which is supposed to resolve the distant starlight problem that exists in young Earth creationism.

Question: who was one of the chairs on the Rate project?
Answer: Russell Humphreys