Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, indirect discourse, or indirect style, is a means of expressing the content of statements, questions or other utterances, without quoting them explicitly as is done in direct speech.
 For example, "He said "I'm coming"" is direct speech, whereas "He said (that) he was coming" is indirect speech.
 Indirect speech should not be confused with indirect speech acts.
The 1971 Argentine Grand Prix was a motor race consisting of a Formula One class and a Formula 5000 class, held at the Buenos Aires circuit in Buenos Aires on 24 January 1971.
 The Formula One class was not part of the FIA Formula One World Championship.
The state of Ohio elects one Class 1 and one Class 3 senator.
 Its current senators are Democrat Sherrod Brown and Republican Rob Portman.
The descriptive fallacy refers to reasoning which treats a speech act as a logical proposition, which would be mistaken when the meaning of the statement is not based on its truth condition.
 It was suggested by the British philosopher of language J. L. Austin in 1955 in the lectures now known as "How to Do Things With Words".
 Austin argued that performative utterances are not meaningfully evaluated as true or false but rather by other measures, which would hold that a statement such as "thank you" is not meant to describe a fact and to interpret it as such would be to commit the descriptive fallacy.
Class (locomotive) refers to a group of locomotives built to a common design for a single railroad.
 Often members of a particular class had detail variations between individual examples, and these could lead to subclasses.
 Sometimes technical alterations (especially rebuilding, superheating, re-engining, etc.) move a locomotive from one class to another.
 Different railways had different systems, and sometimes one railway (or its successors) used different systems at different times and for different purposes, or applied those classifications inconsistently.
 Sometimes therefore it is not clear where one class begins and another ends.
 The result is a classic example of the Lumper splitter problem.
The concept of illocutionary acts was introduced into linguistics by the philosopher John L. Austin in his investigation of the various aspects of speech acts.
 In Austin's framework, "locution" is what was said, "illocution" is what was meant, and "perlocution" is what happened as a result.
 For example, when somebody says "Is there any salt?"
 at the dinner table, the illocutionary act (the meaning conveyed) is effectively "please give me some salt" even though the locutionary act (the literal sentence) was to ask a question about the presence of salt.
 The perlocutionary act (the actual effect), was to cause somebody to offer salt.
John Langshaw "J. L." Austin (26 March 1911 – 8 February 1960) was a British philosopher of language and leading proponent of ordinary language philosophy, perhaps best known for developing the theory of speech acts.
A dialog act is a specialized speech act.
 For example, "Question" is a speech act, but "Question_on_hotel" is a dialog act.
 Dialog acts are different in different dialog systems.
 The number of speech acts are commonly recognized, and is stable around 10 or so, the number of dialog acts vary from systems to systems.
 In some systems, the number of dialog acts can be up to 40.
"The Berlin key or how to do words with things" was written by sociologist Bruno Latour, and it originally appeared as "La clef de Berlin et autres lecons d'un amateur de sciences", La Dècouverte, in 1993.
 "The Berlin key or how to do words with things" was later published as the first chapter in P.M. Graves-"Brown's Matter, Materiality and Modern Culture".
 Within the 15-page chapter, written informally in third-person narrative, Latour deftly exposes how many layers a unique key can connote.
 In the P.M. Graves-Brown version, Lydia Davis translated the piece into English.
 Additional editing was completed and illustrations redrawn by PMGB.
 The title could have been chosen as a witty word-play off of J.L. Austin's "How to Do Things With Words".
A perlocutionary act (or perlocutionary effect) is a speech act, as viewed at the level of its consequences, such as persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise affecting the listener.
 This is contrasted with locutionary and illocutionary acts (which are levels of description, rather than classifications of speech acts).

Question: What is one class of speech acts described by J.L. Austin?
Answer: performative utterances