Dambadeniya is a ruined ancient city situated in the North Western Province (Wayamba), Sri Lanka on the Kurunegala - Negombo road.
 It served as the capital of Sri Lanka in the mid 13th century.
 Much of Dambadeniya still lies buried on a huge fortified rock.
 Dambadeniya is situated about 31 km from Kurunegala, the modern day capital of the North Western Province.
After Nader Shah was assassinated in 1747, his nephew Ali Qoli (who may have been involved in the assassination plot) seized the throne and proclaimed himself Adil Shah (meaning: The Just King).
 He ordered the execution of all Nader's sons and grandsons, with the exception of the 13-year-old Shahrokh, the son of Reza Qoli.
 Meanwhile, Nader's former treasurer, Ahmad Shah Abdali, had declared his independence by founding the Durrani Empire.
 In the process, the eastern territories were lost and in the following decades became part of Afghanistan, the successor-state to the Durrani Empire.
 The Ottomans regained lost territories in Eastern Anatolia and Mesopotamia.
 The northern territories, Iran's most integral regions, had a different fate.
 Erekle II and Teimuraz II, who, in 1744, had been made the kings of Kakheti and Kartli respectively by Nader himself for their loyal service, capitalized on the eruption of instability, and declared "de facto" independence.
 Erekle II assumed control over Kartli after Teimuraz II's death, thus unifying the two as the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, becoming the first Georgian ruler in three centuries to preside over a politically unified eastern Georgia.
 Due to the frantic turn of events in mainland Iran he would be able to remain "de facto" autonomous through the Zand period.
 Under the successive Qajar dynasty, Iran managed to restore Iranian suzerainty over the Georgian regions, until they would be irrevocably lost in the course of the 19th century, to neighbouring Imperial Russia.
 Meanwhile, Azad Khan Afghan (who was a member of Nader Shah's army and participated in the Indian campaign) managed to take control over the land between the Aras river, and the Urmia Lake by 1750.
 Azad Khan would later go on to capture Isfahan and occupy Shiraz, before losing all his territories by 1758 to Karim Khan.
 Meanwhile, the Absheron Peninsula and surrounding territories, were under the control of the Khanate of Baku, while the Avar Khanate took control over modern day Dagestan.
 Alongside eastern Georgia, these territories would all be re-incorporated into Iran but eventually permanently and irrevocably lost as well in the course of the 19th century, through the two Russo-Persian Wars of the century, to neighbouring Imperial Russia.
 Lastly, Oman and the Uzbek khanates of Bukhara and Khiva regained independence.
Angol is a commune and capital city of the Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region of southern Chile.
 It is located at the foot of the Nahuelbuta Range and next to the Vergara River, that permitted communications by small boats to the Bío-Bío River and Concepción.
 This strategic position explains the successive foundations of this city during the Arauco War.
 It was first founded in 1553 as a "conquistador" fort of "Confines", the fort was later destroyed and rebuilt several times and it was not until the Pacification of Araucania in the late 19th century that it was rebuilt with the name of Angol.
 The city has a current population of approximately 49,000.
 Within the electoral divisions of Chile, it belongs to the 48th electoral district and the 14th senatorial circumscription.
Henri Martin (a.k.a. Bon Louis Henri Martin) (20 February 1810 in Saint-Quentin, Aisne – 14 December 1883 in Paris) was a French historian, who was celebrated in his own day but whose modern reputation has been eclipsed by the greater literary and interpretive powers of his contemporary, the equally passionate patriot Jules Michelet, whose works have often been reprinted.
 After publishing a few novels, Martin devoted his life to the study of the history of France, writing "Histoire de France", a formidable work in 13 volumes (1833-1836).
 He later brought the history down to 1789 in the 4th edition (19 vols., 1865), and received from the Institut de France 20,000 francs as a prize in 1869.
 The Avenue Henri-Martin in Paris is named after him.
The Mapuche people of southern Chile has a long history dating back as an archaeological culture to 600–500 BC.
 The Mapuche society had great transformations after Spanish contact in the mid–16th century.
 These changes included the adoption of Old World crops and animals and the onset of a rich Spanish–Mapuche trade in La Frontera and Valdivia.
 Despite these contacts Mapuche were never completely subjugated by the Spanish Empire.
 Between the 18th and 19th century Mapuche culture and people spread eastwards into the Pampas and the Patagonian plains.
 This vast new territory allowed Mapuche groups to control a substantial part of the salt and cattle trade in the Southern Cone.
The Mthethwa Paramountcy, sometimes referred to as the "Mtetwa" or Mthethwa Empire, was a Southern African state that arose in the 18th century south of Delagoa Bay and inland in eastern southern Africa.
 "Mthethwa" means "the one who rules".
 History records tell us that the Mthethwa people are part of the original Nguni category of a cluster of clans, whose modern identity dates back some 700 years.
 They are among the original Nguni groups who left the Great Lakes in Central Africa between 200AD and 1200AD.
 On arrival in Southern Africa, they settled around modern-day Swaziland, mainly on the Lubombo Mountains, before leaving in the 17th century to settle in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal, in the Nkandla region.
 It consisted of roughly 30 Nguni Chiefdoms, lineages, and clans.
 Unlike its successor, the Zulu Kingdom, the Mthethwa Paramountcy was a confederation.
 After Shaka Zulu became king, he forged a nearly homogeneous nation with a single king ("nkosi").
Tipraland is the name of a proposed state in India.
 The formation of "Tipraland", a state within the TTAADC, under articles 2 and 3 of the Indian Constitution is demanded by a political party known as Indigenous People's Front of Tripura (IPFT) as one of their political agenda.Another registerd regional political party Tipraland State Party(TSP) also demanding the same demand of Tipraland.
 The Kingdom of Tripura is a former country which was ruled by 184 Tripuri/Tipra kings.
 The first king of the Manikya Dynasty of Tripura is the 145th king Ratna Fa (Ratna Manikya) in the reckoning of the "Rajmala", the Chronicle of the Kings, written in the 14th century.
 He ruled the kingdom from 1280 CE.
 The earlier kings are partly mythological and partly legendary or semi-legendary.
 The second last king was Maharaja Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarma Manikya Bahadur.
 After his death in 1946, Twipra kingdom joined India as a Union Territory on 15 October 1949 under the name Tripura, and later achieved statehood on 21 January, 1972.
Perquenco is a town and commune in southern Chile's Araucanía Region.
 The town was declared capital of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia by Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, but soon after it was occupied by Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez who was in charge of the Chilean occupation of the Araucanía.
Francisco Hudson Cárdenas (Curaco de Vélez, Chile, July 1, 1826 – March, 1859) was a Chilean naval officer and hydrographer notable for his explorations of Southern Chile and Chilean Patagonia.
 Hudson sailed on behalf of the Chilean government several times to Peru and Ecuador, but gained notoriety for his explorations and investigations of Maullín River, Roca Remolino and the channels of Aysén Region.
 Hudson was the first to infer the possible existence of sailing route through internal waters from Chiloé Archipelago to Straits of Magellan, but was also the first to realize that only the Isthmus of Ofqui made this impossible.
 However his hydrographic works laid the groundwork for Hans Steffen's exploration of Aysén Region in late 19th century.
The Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (Spanish: "Reino de la Araucanía y de la Patagonia" ; French: "Royaume d'Araucanie et de Patagonie" , sometimes referred to as "New France") was a proposed state and kingdom conceived in the 19th century by a French lawyer and adventurer named Orélie-Antoine de Tounens.
 Orélie-Antoine de Tounens claimed the regions of Araucanía and eastern Patagonia.
 It was an unrecognized state that enjoyed only marginal sovereignty in a brief period of time, through alliances with some Mapuche lonkos, in a reduced area of Araucanía, in current Chile.

Question: Name the proposed state and kingdom conceived in the 19th century by a French lawyer and adventurer, whose modern day capital is Perquenco in southern Chile?
Answer: Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia