Authors’ rights are a part of copyright law.
 The existence of authors' exclusive rights was first legally referred to in the US Constitution (1787).
 Its article 1 gives to Congress the power "To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries".
 The term is today considered as a direct translation of the French term droit d’auteur (also German "Urheberrecht").
 It was indeed first (1777 ) promoted in France by Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, who had close relations with Benjamin Franklin.
 It is generally used in relation to the copyright laws of civil law countries and in European Union law.
 Authors' rights are internationally protected by the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and by other similar treaties.
 Concerning "work of the spirit", “Author” is used in a very wide sense, and includes composers, artists, sculptors and even architects: in general, the author is the person whose creativity led to the protected work being created, although the exact definition varies from country to country.
The Royal Scottish Society of Arts is a learned society in Scotland, dedicated to the study of science and technology.
 It was founded as The Society for the Encouragement of the Useful Arts in Scotland by Sir David Brewster in 1821 and dedicated to ""the promotion of invention and enterprise"".
 The Society was granted a Royal Charter in 1841.
The Athenaeum of Philadelphia, located at 219 S. 6th Street between St. James Place and Locust Street in the Society Hill neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is a special collections library and museum founded in 1814 to collect materials "connected with the history and antiquities of America, and the useful arts, and generally to disseminate useful knowledge" for public benefit.
 The Athenaeum's collections include architecture and interior design history, particularly for the period 1800 to 1945.
 The institution focuses on the history of American architecture and building technology, and houses architectural archives of 180,000 drawings, over 350,000 photographs, and manuscript holdings of about 1,000 American architects.
 The library is open to the public on weekdays.
James Dinwiddie (8 December 1746, Dumfries - 19 March 1815, Pentonville) was a Scottish physicist, astronomer, inventor and natural philosopher.
 He was an early example of a science popularizer, giving tours and experimental demonstrations across England and Ireland.
 He travelled and resided in Calcutta, India and travelled to China along with Lord Macartney as part of the Macartney Embassy to lecture on physics and promote British astronomical techniques.
Tomlinson’s Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts is a multi-volume encyclopedia focusing on manufacturing, mining, and engineering.
 It was edited by Charles Tomlinson, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and a lecturer at King’s College School, London.
 The original was published between 1852 and 1854.
 .
 It was published in 1852 in two volumes (vol.
 1, 832pp, vol.
 2, 1052pp) with 40 steel engravings and 2,477 woodcuts.
 A supplement was published in 1862, which was published by James S. Virtue, London and New York City.
Alexander Smith Taylor (1817–1876), best known for his "Indianology of California" written in a column for "The California Farmer and Journal of Useful Arts" (1860–1861), was an avid collector, prodigious author and obscure, sometimes errant, historian with an obscure background, and considered the "first bibliographer of California".
Prof Cargill Gilston Knott FRS, FRSE LLD (30 June 1856 – 26 October 1922) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician who was a pioneer in seismological research.
 He spent his early career in Japan.
 He later became a Fellow of the Royal Society, Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and President of the Scottish Meteorological Society.
Sir David Brewster (11 December 178110 February 1868) was a Scottish physicist, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, writer, historian of science and university principal.
Iain Douglas Baikie, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} CPhys (born 27 August 1960) is a Scottish physicist, inventor and company Director.
 He specialises in Material Science.
 Baikie supervises PhDs at Imperial College London and the University of St Andrews in thin-film electronics.
 In 2000 he founded a company- KP Technology in Wick.
 In 1997 Baikie was appointed Professor of Applied Physics with a Chair in Materials Science for his work on surface work function and the scanning Kelvin probe and is visiting professor at the Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre at the University of Ulster, Belfast.
John Robison FRSE (4 February 1739 – 30 January 1805) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician.
 He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Edinburgh.

Question: Where is the he Society for the Encouragement of the Useful Arts, by a Scottish physicist, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, writer, historian of science and university principal, located?
Answer: in Scotland