The Ptolemaic dynasty (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖοι , "Ptolemaioi"), sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagidae (Ancient Greek: Λαγίδαι , "Lagidai", after Lagus, Ptolemy I's father), was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.
 Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC.
 They were the last dynasty of ancient Egypt.
The Later Lê dynasty (Vietnamese: "Nhà Hậu Lê" ; Hán Việt: 後黎朝), sometimes referred to as the Lê dynasty (the earlier Lê dynasty ruled only for a brief period (980–1009)), was the longest-ruling dynasty of Vietnam, ruling the country from 1428 to 1788, with a brief six-year interruption of the Mạc dynasty usurpers (1527-1533).
 Vietnamese historians usually distinguish the 100-year Later Lê dynasty early period (1428 to 1527) from 256-years of figurehead emperors of the Later Lê dynasty warlord period (1533 to 1789) following the dynasty's restoration by powerful warlords.
The Khwarazmian dynasty (] ; also known as the Khwarezmid dynasty, the Anushtegin dynasty, the dynasty of Khwarazm Shahs, and other spelling variants; from (Persian: خوارزمشاهیان‎ , "Khwārazmshāhiyān " ‎ "Kings of Khwarezmia") was a Persianate Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic "mamluk" origin.
 The dynasty ruled large parts of Central Asia and Iran during the High Middle Ages, in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and Qara-Khitan, and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia in the 13th century.
The Arghun dynasty ruled the area between southern Afghanistan and the Sindh province of Pakistan from the late 15th century to the early 16th century.
 They claimed their descent and name from Ilkhanid-Mongol Arghun Khan, and were a dynasty of either Mongol, Turkic or Turco-Mongol ethnicity.
 The Arghuns can be divided into two branches: the Arghun branch of Dhu'l-Nun Beg Arghun that ruled until 1554, and the Tarkhan branch of Muhammad 'Isa Tarkhan that ruled until 1591.
Polyxenidas a Rhodian general and admiral, who was exiled from his native country, and entered the service of Antiochus III the Great, king of Seleucid Empire.
 We first find him mentioned in 209 BC, when he commanded a body of Cretans mercenaries during the expedition of Antiochus into Hyrcania .
 But in 192 BC, when the Syrian king had determined upon war with Rome, and crossed over into Greece to commence it, Polyxenidas obtained the chief command of his fleet.
 After co-operating with Menippus in the reduction of Chalcis, he was sent back to Asia to assemble additional forces during the winter.
 We do not hear any thing of his operations in the ensuing campaign, 191 BC, but when Antiochus, after his defeat at the Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC), withdrew to Asia, Polyxenidas was again appointed to command the king's main fleet on the Ionian coast.
 Having learnt that the praetor Gaius Livius Salinator was arrived at Delos with the Roman fleet, he strongly urged upon the king the expediency of giving him battle without delay, before he could unite his fleet with those of Eumenes II of Pergamon and the Rhodians.
 Though his advice was followed, it was too late to prevent the junction of Eumenes with Livius, but Polyxenidas gave battle to their combined fleets off Corycus.
 The superiority of numbers, however, decided the victory in favour of the allies ; thirteen ships of the Syrian fleet were taken and ten sunk, while Polyxenidas himself, with the remainder, took refuge in the port of Ephesus.
 Here he spent the winter in active preparations for a renewal of the contest ; and early in the next spring (b. c. 190), having learnt that Pausistratus, with the Rhodian fleet, had already put to sea, he conceived the idea of surprising him before he could unite his forces with those of Livius.
 For this purpose he pretended to enter into negotiations with him for the betrayal into his hands of the Syrian fleet, and having by this means deluded him into a fancied security, suddenly attacked him, and destroyed almost his whole fleet.
 After this success he sailed to Samos to give battle to the fleet of the Roman admiral and Eumenes, but a storm prevented the engagement, and Polyxenidas withdrew to Ephesus.
 Soon after, Livius, having been reinforced by a fresh squadron of twenty Rhodian ships under Eudamus (Rhodian), proceeded in his turn to offer battle to Polyxenidas, but this the latter now declined.
 Lucius Aemilius Regillus, who soon after succeeded Livius in the command of the Roman fleet, also attempted without effect to draw Polyxenidas forth from the port of Ephesus : but at a later period in the season Eumenes, with his fleet, having been detached to the Hellespont while a considerable part of the Rhodian forces were detained in Lycia, the Syrian admiral seized the opportunity and sallied out to attack the Roman fleet.
 The action took place at Battle of Myonessus near Teos, but terminated in the total defeat of Polyxenidas, who lost 42 of his ships, and made a hasty retreat with the remainder to Ephesus.
 Here he remained until he received the tidings of the fatal battle of Magnesia, on which he sailed to Patara in Lycia, and from thence proceeded by land to join Antiochus in Syria.
 After this his name is not again mentioned.
The Early Lê dynasty (Vietnamese: "Nhà Tiền Lê" ; Hán Nôm: 家前黎 ; ] ) was a dynasty that ruled Đại Cồ Việt (now Vietnam) from 980 until 1009.
 It followed the Đinh dynasty, and was succeeded by the Lý dynasty.
 The dynasty ruled for a total of three generations and was known for repelling the Song invasion.
The Muhammad Ali Dynasty ruled Egypt without interruption from Muhammad Ali's seizure of power in 1805 until the proclamation of the Republic in 1953.
 Eleven individuals (all of them men) ruled Egypt during the dynasty's 148-year lifespan.
 Due to the polygamous unions of several 19th-century rulers and their often numerous offspring, it is impossible to list all of the descendants of Muhammad Ali Pasha in a single chart.
 The family tree below is far from exhaustive; its mere aim is to show the family relationships between the dynasty's eleven rulers as well as its two regents.
Raees Dynasty, founded by Shah Nadir Raees, ruled the princely state of Chitral from 1320 to 1660.
 The Raees dynasty was of Central Asian origin most probably from Eastern Turkistan or from Badakhshan.
 A number of rulers succeeded one after the other during the Raees dynasty and a few of them known in history of the area like Shah Nasir, Shah Tahir Raees, Shah Mahmood and Shah Abdul Qadir.
 In the late period of Raees rule its power greatly weakened due to internecine fights over succession which was taken advantage of by the Katoors.
 While the Raees were busy fighting each other the Katoors mounted an attack on the ruling family with the help of other prominent tribes and took over the reigns of the state.
 The prominent features of Raees rule were the unification of Upper Chitral and Lower Chitral into a single state, spread of Islam, introduction of Islamic system, introduction of taxation and a good administrative system.
 The dynasty ruled over Chitral till 1590 uninterruptedly when Muhtaram Shah Kator overthrew Shah Mehmood Raees in 1590.
 However Shah Mehmood Raees regained his power in 1630.
The Raees rule lingered on till 1698 when Shah Alam Katoor replaced the last Raees ruler Shah Abdul Qadir Raees who ruled from 1697-98.
The Battle of Ephesus was a naval battle off the coast of Asia Minor near Ephesus in which the Rhodian fleet, commanded by Agathostratus, defeated a Ptolemaic fleet under the Athenian admiral Chremonides.
 The battle is only briefly mentioned by Polyaenus in his book on stratagems.
 Like its near contemporaries, the battles at Cos and Andros, its date is heavily disputed due to meager evidence, with most scholars placing it in  259/8 BC or at any rate during the Second Syrian War (260–253 BC), while others have preferred the Third Syrian War (246–241 BC) and have proposed dates from 245/4 BC to 242 BC.
 This however is incompatible with more recently discovered sources, and modern research places the battle within a timeframe from  261 BC to  246 BC .
 It is also possible that the battle was not part of a wider imperial conflict between the great Hellenistic powers, but a confrontation between Rhodes and Ptolemaic Egypt alone.
 Along with Cos and Andros, Ephesus was instrumental in breaking Ptolemaic sea-power in the Aegean Sea, and replacing it with Macedonian and Rhodian predominance.
The Battle of Halani was fought in 1782 between the Baloch tribe Talpurs and the Sindhi tribe Kalhora for the control of the Sindh region, in modern-day Pakistan.
 The Talpurs, led by Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur, won the battle over Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro who became the last ruler of the Kalhora Dynasty.
 The Talpur dynasty ruled in Sindh until defeated by the British forces at the battle of Miani in 1843.

Question: The Battle of Ephesus ended in defeat for the dynasty ruled by the family of what descent?
Answer: Macedonian Greek