This interest in exotic cultures had already been established within France due to the regular expositions the country held to showcase the objects and people of the French colonies.
 The fascination with specifically black culture and the "primitivised" existence associated with it flourished in the combined aftermath of the First World War (1914–1918) and the 1931 Colonial Exposition when artists yearned for a simpler, idyllic lifestyle to counter modern life's mechanistic violence.
 Avant-garde artists recognised for their negrophilia interests include poet and art critic Guillaume Apollinaire, artists Jean Cocteau, Tristan Tzara, Man Ray, Paul Colin, surrealists George Bataille and Michel Leiris, and political activist Nancy Cunard.
The prix Guillaume Apollinaire is a French poetry prize first awarded in 1941.
 It was named in honour of French writer Guillaume Apollinaire.
 It annually recognizes a collection of poems for its originality and modernity.
Guillaume Apollinaire (] ; 26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918) was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic of Polish descent.
The Hermeneutics of the Subject is a lecture course originally given by the French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault at the Collège de France in the years 1981-1982.
 The course details Foucault's elaboration of such concepts as "practices of the self" and the "", as manifested in what Foucault refers to as their "golden age" in Hellenistic Greece and early Rome.
 Foucault argues that this period put much more emphasis on taking "care" of oneself ("prendre soin de soi-même") than knowing oneself, whereas the converse is true today.
 "The Hermeneutics of the Subject" has been influential in terms of understanding the late Foucault's "ethical turn", and has increasingly been attracting more general philosophical attention.
Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), generally known as Michel Foucault (] ), was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, social theorist, and literary critic.
Le Port, also known as The Harbor, The Port or simply Marine, is a painting by the French artist Jean Metzinger.
 The work was exhibited in the spring of 1912 at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris, and at the Salon de La Section d'Or, Galerie La Boétie, October 1912, Paris, (no. 117 of the catalogue, entitled "Marine", collection Mme L. Ricou).
 "Le Port" was reproduced a few months later in the first major text on Cubism entitled "Du "Cubisme"", written in 1912 by Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes, published by Eugène Figuière Editeurs the same year.
 "The Harbor" was subsequently reproduced in "The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations (Les Peintres cubistes, Méditations Esthétiques)", written by Guillaume Apollinaire, published by Figuière in 1913 (collection Mme L. Ricou).
 At the Salon des Indépendants of 1912, Apollinaire had noticed the classical Ingresque qualities of Metzinger's "Le Port", and suggested that it deserved to be hung in the Musée du Luxembourg's modern art collection.
 The dimensions and current whereabouts of "Le Port" are unknown.
"Cogito and the History of Madness" is a paper by Jacques Derrida that critically responds to Michel Foucault's book the "History of Madness".
 In this paper, Derrida questions the intentions and feasibility of Foucault's book, particularly in relation to the historical importance attributed by Foucault to the treatment of madness by Descartes in the "Meditations on First Philosophy".
 Derrida's paper began a high profile exchange between Derrida and Foucault as well as a considerable amount of attention from scholars.
 Foucault responded directly to Derrida in an appendix added to the 1972 edition of the "History of Madness" titled "My body, this paper, this fire."
 Derrida again considered Foucault's 1961 text on madness with "To do Justice to Freud: The History of madness in the age of psychoanalysis" in 1991.
 The exchange between Derrida and Foucault was sometimes acrimonious and it is said that "the two writers stopped communicating for ten years."
 Commentators on the exchange include Shoshana Felman, Gayatri Spivak, Geoffrey Bennington, Slavoj Žižek, Edward Saïd, Rémi Brague, Manfred Frank, and Christopher Norris.
Foucault (1985; second edition 1991) is a book about the French intellectual Michel Foucault by the Brazilian critic and sociologist José Guilherme Merquior, in which the author provides a critical evaluation of Foucault, including works such as "Madness and Civilization" (1961) and "The History of Sexuality" (1976).
 "Foucault" received praise from several scholars, but has also been criticized.
 The book is part of the Fontana Modern Masters series.
L'Oiseau bleu (also known as The Blue Bird and Der Blaue Vogel) is a large oil painting created in 1912–1913 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger (1883–1956); considered by Guillaume Apollinaire and André Salmon as a founder of Cubism, along with Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.
 "L'Oiseau bleu", one of Metzinger's most recognizable and frequently referenced works, was first exhibited in Paris at the Salon des Indépendants in the spring of 1913 (n. 2087), several months after the publication of the first (and only) Cubist manifesto, "Du «Cubisme»", written by Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes (1912).
 It was subsequently exhibited at the 1913 in Berlin (titled "Der blaue Vogel", n. 287).
 Apollinaire described "L'Oiseau bleu" as a 'very brilliant painting' and 'his most important work to date'.
 "L'Oiseau bleu", acquired by the City of Paris in 1937, forms part of the permanent collection at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
Joseph Tanke (Ph.D.
, Boston College; born 1978) is an American philosopher and Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
 His work focuses on Continental philosophy, the history of philosophy, aesthetics, art theory, and historical ontology.
 Tanke is known for his analysis of major figures in the French philosophical tradition, such as Michel Foucault and Jacques Rancière.
 His book Foucault's Philosophy of Art: A Genealogy of Modernity is one of the first systematic presentations of Michel Foucault's writings on visual art.
 Tanke is the first scholar to publish a comprehensive critical introduction to the thought of Jacques Rancière.

Question: Which french critic was also a Polish decended playwright, Guillaume Apollinaire or Michel Foucault?
Answer: Guillaume Apollinaire