Rat Park was a study into drug addiction conducted in the late 1970s (and published in 1981) by Canadian psychologist Bruce K. Alexander and his colleagues at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada.
ANURIB (Advanced National facility for Unstable & Rare-Isotope Beams) is planned facility in Rajarhat campus of Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC) at Kolkata, India.
 The facility will be constructed in a collaboration with Canada-based research institute TRIUMF.
 ANURIB is going to conduct experiments of unstable & rare isotope beams.
 Japan, USA, France, Canada, and South Korea are other countries to have similar research facilities.
 Experiments would help the scientists to understand the structure of nuclei, particularly the unstable ones.
 The facility will help in the discovery of isotopes that could have medicinal applications.
The Maritime Analysis and Operations Centre (MAOC) (or Maritime Analysis and Operations Centre - Narcotics), based in Lisbon, is an international agency set up to coordinate anti-drug trafficking action by several European Union states with financial support from the Prevention against Crime Programme of the European Union, European Commission – Directorate -General Home Affairs.
 The participating states are Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, Ireland, France, the Netherlands and Italy.
 The centre has been active since 1 April 2006.
 The Agreement that established MAOC (N) states that the Centre is to provide a forum for multi-lateral cooperation to suppress illicit drug trafficking by sea and air.
 The Centre aims to use intelligence on drug smuggling operations, by air or sea, to apply the most suitable military and/or law enforcement teams to respond to situations that arise.
 Its area of operations is the eastern Atlantic, from the Cape of Good Hope in Southern Africa to the Norwegian Sea.
The Lisbon headquarters is staffed by Country Liaison Officers (CLOs) representing the police, customs, military and maritime authorities of the participating European nations, as well as by permanent observer from the United States through the Joint Interagency Task Force South (JIATFS).
 The European Commission, Europol, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) are observers of the MAOC (N), as well as Canada, Cape Verde, Germany, Greece, and Morocco.
 MAOC (N) is headed by an Executive Director and guided by an Executive Board.
Addiction recovery groups are voluntary associations of people who share a common desire to overcome drug addiction.
 Different groups use different methods, ranging from completely secular to explicitly spiritual.
 Some programs may advocate a reduction in the use of illegal drugs rather than outright abstention, although this is typically not a sustainable treatment plan in the long term.
 One survey of members found active involvement in any addiction recovery group correlates with higher chances of maintaining sobriety.
 The survey found group participation increased when the individual members' beliefs matched those of their primary support group (often people will be members of multiple addiction recovery groups).
 Analysis of the survey results found a significant positive correlation between the religiosity of members and their participation in twelve-step addiction recovery groups and SMART Recovery, although the correlation factor was three times smaller for SMART Recovery than for the twelve-step addiction recovery groups.
 Religiosity was inversely related to participation in Secular Organizations for Sobriety.
Drug addiction is defined as compulsive and out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences.
 In the last few decades, drug addiction has increased exponentially in Pakistan.
 Most of the illegal drugs come from the neighbouring Afghanistan.
 According to the UN estimate, 8.9 million people in the country are drug users.
 Cannabis is the most used drug.
 The rate of injection drug abuse has also increased significantly in Pakistan, sparking fears of an HIV epidemic.
The Interdepartmental Committee on Drug Addiction, commonly called the Brain Committee after its chairman Sir Russell Brain, was created by the Home Office in 1958 to consider issues related to drugs and drug addiction in the United Kingdom.
 The committee explored whether or not certain drugs should be considered addictive or habit-forming; examined whether there was a medical need to provide special, including institutional, treatment outside the resources already available, for persons addicted to drugs; and made recommendations, including proposals for administrative measures, to the Minister of Health and the Secretary of State for Scotland.
A sober companion, sober coach, or recovery coach are titles all representing the same job in the field of addiction providing one-on-one assistance to newly recovering individuals from addiction to alcohol, drug addiction, gambling addiction, porn addiction, eating disorders – inclusive of all addictions and/or any suffering individual that is currently in the midst of their addiction in order to protect themselves against further harm as a harm reduction protocol.
 The goal is to help the client maintain total abstinence or harm reduction from any addiction and to establish healthy routines at home or after checking out of a residential treatment facility.
 Regulations do not exist for sober companions.
 Conversely, sober companions may be a part of a whole medical and/or a clinical team of professional(s), may be formally licensed as a mental health professional, or have well-respected experiential experience in the field and may work independently on their own.
Sarah Graham is an intersex activist and drug addiction counsellor and consultant.
 As an expert on drug addiction, she is a member of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs and a co-founder of the Amy Winehouse Foundation.
 In recognition of her intersex activism, "The Independent on Sunday" has called her an LGBT "national treasure" and ranked her second in its 2015 "Rainbow List" of the most influential LGBT people in the UK.
Bruce K. Alexander (born 20 December 1939) is a psychologist and professor emeritus from Vancouver, BC, Canada.
 He has taught and conducted research on the psychology of addiction at Simon Fraser University since 1970.
 He retired from active teaching in 2005.
 Alexander and SFU colleagues conducted a series of experiments into drug addiction known as the Rat Park experiments.
 He has written two books: "Peaceful Measures: Canada’s Way Out of the War on Drugs" (1990) and "The Globalization of Addiction: A Study in Poverty of the Spirit" (2008).
A drug policy is the policy, usually of a government, regarding the control and regulation of drugs considered dangerous, particularly those which are addictive.
 Governments try to combat drug addiction with policies which address both the demand and supply of drugs, as well as policies which can mitigate the harms of drug abuse, and for medical treatment.
 Demand reduction measures include prohibition, fines for drug offenses, incarceration for persons convicted for drug offenses, treatment (such as voluntary rehabilitation, coercive care, or supply on medical prescription for drug abusers), awareness campaigns, community social services, and support for families.
 Supply side reduction involves measures such as enacting foreign policy aimed at eradicating the international cultivation of plants used to make drugs and interception of drug trafficking.
 Policies which may help mitigate the effects of drug abuse include needle exchange and drug substitution programs, as well as free facilities for testing a drug's purity.

Question: What province did the author of "Peaceful Measures: Canada’s Way Out of the War on Drugs" conduct experiments into drug addiction?
Answer: British Columbia