The Global Gender Gap Report was first published in 2006 by the World Economic Forum.
 The 2016 report covers 144 major and emerging economies.
 The Global Gender Gap Index is an index designed to measure gender equality.
The Arab Winter is a term for the rise of authoritarianism and Islamic extremism evolving in the aftermath of the Arab Spring protests in Arab countries.
 According to scholars of the University of Warsaw, the Arab Spring fully devolved into the Arab Winter four years after its onset.
 The Arab Winter is characterized by the emergence of multiple regional civil wars, mounting regional instability, economic and demographic decline of Arab countries, and ethno-religious sectarian strife.
 According to a study by the American University of Beirut, as of the summer of 2014 the Arab Winter had resulted in nearly a quarter of a million deaths and millions of refugees.
The status of women in Argentina has changed significantly following the return of democracy in 1983; and they have attained a relatively high level of equality.
 In the Global Gender Gap Report prepared by the World Economic Forum in 2009, Argentine women ranked 24th among 134 countries studied in terms of their access to resources and opportunities relative to men.
 They enjoy comparable levels of education, and somewhat higher school enrollment ratios than their male counterparts.
 They are well integrated in the nation's cultural and intellectual life, though less so in the nation's economy.
 Their economic clout in relation to men is higher than in most Latin American countries, however, and numerous Argentine women hold top posts in the Argentine corporate world; among the best known are Cris Morena, owner of the television production company by the same name, María Amalia Lacroze de Fortabat, former CEO and majority stakeholder of Loma Negra, the nation's largest cement manufacturer, and Ernestina Herrera de Noble, director of Grupo Clarín, the premier media group in Argentina.
Women in Kuwait are among the most emancipated women in the Middle East region.
 In 2014 and 2015, Kuwait was ranked first among Arab countries in the Global Gender Gap Report.
 In 2013, 53% of Kuwaiti women participated in the labor force.
 Kuwaiti women outnumber men in the workforce.
Elena Rossini is an Italian filmmaker, writer and artist best known for the documentary film "The Illusionists".
 In October 2014, Rossini was selected for the Young Leaders program by the Council for the United States and Italy.
 Rossini is the founder and editor-in-chief of No Country for Young Women, a website that aims to provide "positive role models" for young girls.
 In 2014, Rossini co-founded Gender Gap Grader with Elian Carsenat – a platform empowering companies and organizations with innovative tools to measure the gender gap.
Egypt–Iraq relations are foreign relations between Egypt and Iraq.
 Iraq's relations with the Arab world have been extremely varied.
 The relationship between Iraq and Egypt soured in 1977, when the two nations broke relations with each other following Egypt's peace accords with Israel.
 In 1978, Baghdad hosted an Arab League summit that condemned and ostracized Egypt for accepting the Camp David accords.
 However, Egypt's strong material and diplomatic support for Iraq in the war with Iran led to warmer relations and numerous contacts between senior officials, despite the continued absence of ambassadorial-level representation.
 Since 1983, Iraq has repeatedly called for restoration of Egypt's “natural role” among Arab countries.
 In January 1984, Iraq successfully led Arab efforts within the OIC to restore Egypt's membership.
 However, Egypt–Iraq relations were broken in 1990 after Egypt joined the UN coalition that forced Iraq out of Kuwait.
 Relations have steadily improved in recent years, and Egypt is now one of Iraq's main trade partners (formerly under the Oil-for-Food Programme).
Islam is historically divided into two major sects, Sunni and Shia Islam, each with its own sub-sects.
 Large numbers of Shia Arab Muslims live in some Arab countries including Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, the UAE, and Qatar.
 Shia Muslims are a numerical majority in Iraq and Bahrain.
 Approximately half of the population in Yemen are Shia Muslims.
 Exactly half of Muslims in Lebanon are Shia Muslims.
 There is also a very large population of Shia Muslims living in the Arab Persian Gulf countries especially in Saudi Arabia.
 Approximately the whole population of East Saudi Arabia, the Eastern Province are Shia Muslims.
 Although government statistics claim that roughly only 20-40% of the Muslim population are Shia Muslims, there has been dispute to the authenticity of this figure and recent reports and investigations indicate that there is in fact a much larger population of Shia Muslims present, with estimate figures over 45% or even making the majority of Muslim population.
 Saudi Arabia follows a strict recently established sect of Islam, Wahhabism, there is little freedom of religion between the different sects even whilst all of the population are Muslims.
 Smaller Shia groups are present in Egypt and Jordan.
 Despite the heavy presence of Shia Muslims in some Arab countries, particularly among the population of the Persian Gulf Arab countries, they have been treated poorly throughout history.
 Additionally, in recent times, Shia Muslims along with Kurds have faced genocide by the pan-Arabist regime of Saddam Hussein.
 For both historical and political reasons, the Shia have fared rather poorly in much of the Arab world, and the topic of Shi‘ism and Shia groups is one of the most sensitive issues for the Sunni elite.
 This article discusses both the history of Shī‘a Islam in the Arab world from the dawn of Islam and their current situation in the Arabic-speaking world.
Since after the war of UAE in 1971, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates relations were always at a good level and developing at an unprecedented rate.
 Egypt has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and consulate-general in Dubai while the UAE maintains an embassy in Cairo.
 The bond of friendship between the leaders of both countries has reflected on the growing political, economic and cultural ties between them, as a result UAE ranks first among Arab and foreign countries investing in Egypt.
 UAE and Egypt maintain a close economic ties and maintain trade between the two countries with imports and exports between the two sides.
 The government of UAE by an order from Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan the President of UAE, gave Egypt cargo ships carrying 1,000,000 tonnes of wheat as a food gift to the people of Egypt.
 The UAE supported the 2013 Egyptian revlotion and has since become Egypt's closest ally.
The Rashaida, Rashaayda or "Bani Rashid" (Arabic: بني رشيد, الرشايدة‎ ‎ ) is a tribe of ethnic Bedouin Arabs descending from Banu Abs native to the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia.
 They currently inhabit Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Yemen, Palestine, Jordan, Eritrea, Sudan, Libya and Tunisia.
 In 1846, many Rashaida migrated from the Hejaz region in present-day Saudi Arabia into what is now Sudan, Kuwait, Ras Al Khaimah and Umm Al-Quwain, United Arab Emirates after tribal warfare had broken out in their homeland.
 They are present in other Arab countries too, such as Egypt, Libya, Palestine.
 Large numbers of Bani Rasheed are also found on the Arabian Peninsula.
The Economic and Social Council of the Arab League (ESC; Arabic: ‎ ‎ , DIN: "Majlis jāmiʿat ad-dawal al-ʿarabiya al-iqtiṣādy wal-ijtimāʿy" , originally the Economic Council) is an institution of the Arab League that co-ordinates its economic integration.
 The ESC was established as the "Economic Council" under the terms of the Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty (1950).
 and held its first meeting in 1953.
 In 1957, the ESC established the Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU) and, in February 1997, the ESC adopted the "Agreement to Facilitate and Develop Trade Among Arab Countries" (1981) in pursuit of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA).

Question: Who  was the publisher of the Gender Gap Report in which Kuwait was ranked first among Arab countries in 2014 and 2015?
Answer: World Economic Forum