The Pettingill family is a Melbourne-based criminal family, headed by matriarch Kath Pettingill.
 Family members have many convictions for criminal offences including drug trafficking, arms dealing and armed robberies.
The Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986 was the first act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom specifically dealing with laundering the proceeds of drug trafficking.
 The legislation was enacted as a direct response to the failure of the courts' power making it impossible under the law, as it stood, to confiscate some £750,000 of drug trafficking proceeds which were traced directly to the offenders.
Crime is among the most urgent concerns facing Mexico, as Mexican drug trafficking rings play a major role in the flow of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transiting between Latin America and the United States.
 Drug trafficking has led to corruption, which has had a deleterious effect on Mexico's Federal Representative Republic.
 Drug trafficking and organized crime have also been a major source of violent crime in Mexico.
El Clan del Golfo (the gulf's clan), formerly called Los Urabeños or Clan Úsuga or Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia, is a Colombian, drug trafficking neo-paramilitary group involved in the Colombian armed conflict.
 It is considered the most powerful neo-paramilitary group in Colombia with some 3,000 members in the inner circle of the organization.
 Their main source of income is drug trafficking.
 In late 2011 Los Urabeños declared war on Los Rastrojos over the control of the drug trade in Medellín.
 Los Urabeños is one of the organizations that appeared after the demobilization of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia.
The New Bilibid Prison drug trafficking scandal is a criminal investigation and political scandal concerning allegations of government involvement in illegal drug trade at the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines.
 The allegations were made by President Rodrigo Duterte after announcing that the two top convicted drug lords in the country continued to run their drug rings from inside the national penitentiary with former administration officials and their local government cohorts as co-conspirators.
 On August 25, 2016, Duterte released a drug matrix showing the structure of drug trafficking operations at the New Bilibid Prison and identified the two former top officials of the Department of Justice, the former provincial governor and board member of Pangasinan, and the former Bureau of Corrections director as being involved in the Bilibid narcotics trade.
Nemesio or Rubén Oseguera Cervantes (born July 17, 1966), commonly referred to by his alias El Mencho, is a suspected Mexican drug lord and leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), a criminal group based in Jalisco.
 He is one of Mexico's most-wanted men, and the U.S. government is offering up to US$5 million for information that leads to his arrest and/or conviction.
 He is wanted for drug trafficking, organized crime involvement, and illegal possession of firearms.
 He is reportedly responsible for coordinating drug trafficking operations in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
 Under his command, the CJNG became one of Mexico's leading criminal organizations.
Kathleen Pettingill (born 1935) is the matriarch of the Melbourne based criminal family, the Pettingill family.
The Moran family is an infamous Melbourne-based criminal family of Irish ancestry, notable for their involvement in the Melbourne gangland killings.
 Family matriarch Judy Moran lost two sons, Jason and Mark, estranged husband Lewis, and brother-in-law Des to an underworld feud that resulted in the deaths of over 30 criminals.
Drug Trafficking is a global issue.
 The United States has attempted to regulate drug-related crimes since the first implemented Act, known as the Drug Importation Act which was passed in 1848.
 In early 2011, the Drug Trafficking Safe Harbor Elimination Act was introduced to amend Section 846 of the Controlled Substances Act to close a loophole that has allowed many drug trafficking conspirators to avoid federal prosecution.
 The Drug Trafficking Safe Harbor Elimination Act, if passed, will make it a federal crime for persons who conspire on United States soil to traffic or aid and abet drug trafficking inside or even outside the borders of the United States.
 This Act was created to provide clarity to current laws within the United States and provide criminal prosecution of those who are involved in drug trafficking within the United States or outside its borders.
 This Act will provide a borderless application to United States Law and extends possible criminal charges to all individuals involved in the drug transport.
 The bill passed the House but was not acted upon by the Senate and thus died.
Banev became known for his imprisonment and multiple criminal prosecutions for alleged money laundering and drug trafficking in several countries, including Bulgaria and Italy.
 In July 2014, the Sofia Court of Appeal acquitted Banev of all criminal charges against him and overturned a 7 ⁄ -year sentence issued previously by the Sofia City Court.
 In September 2015, Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation annulled his 20-year prison term for drug trafficking and returned the case for retrial to the Appellate Court of Milan.
 Banev's prosecutions, alleged criminal activities, and imprisonment have been highly controversial and politicized.
 During his imprisonment, Banev's 10-year-old daughter was abducted and freed after almost two months in captivity.

Question: The Melbourne-based criminal family which has been involved in drug trafficking, arms dealing and armed robberies has a matriarch born in what year?
Answer: 1935