Richard S. Fraser (30 June 1913 – 27 November 1988) was an American Trotskyist and the principal theoretician of the doctrine of revolutionary integrationism in the 1950s within the Socialist Workers Party (US), against George Breitman's advocacy of support for black nationalism.
 He joined the Trotskyist movement in 1934, and was a founding member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) in the US.
 He made a study of the black question in the late 1940s, after the Party began to lose hundreds of black recruits.
 This was due not only to the rise of McCarthyist repression of the SWP, but also, of the party's burgeoning opportunism on the question of black nationalism.
 Informally, the leadership had even begun discouraging white and black members from forming interracial couples.
A countermovement in sociology means a social movement opposed to another social movement.
 Whenever one social movement starts up, another group establishes themselves to undermine the previous group.
 Many social movements start out as an effect of political activism towards issues that a group disagrees with.
 “Researchers have used resource mobilization to study all manner of social and political movements such as environmentalism, father's rights groups, religious movements, and abortion rights”.
 The reason for the start of countermovement groups is that people are competing for resources for political influence.
 Countermovement groups are a part of American society that try to compete for government legislation to support their own views.
The skeptical movement (also spelled sceptical) is a modern social movement based on the idea of scientific skepticism (also called rational skepticism).
 Scientific skepticism is the application of skeptical philosophy, critical thinking skills, and knowledge of science and its methods to empirical claims, while remaining agnostic or neutral to non-empirical claims (except those that directly impact the practice of science).
 The movement has the goal of investigating claims made on fringe topics and determining if they are supported by empirical research and are reproducible, as part of a methodological norm pursuing "the extension of certified knowledge".
 The process followed is sometimes referred to as skeptical inquiry.
Sanyika Shakur (born Kody Dehjon Scott; November 13, 1963), also known by his former street moniker Monster, is a former member of the Los Angeles gang the Eight Tray Gangster Crips.
 He got his nickname as a 13-year-old gang member when he beat and stomped a robbery victim until he was disfigured.
 Shakur claimed to have reformed in prison, joined the Republic of New Afrika movement, and wrote a 1993 autobiography called "".
The Tolstoyan movement is a social movement based on the philosophical and religious views of Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910).
 Tolstoy's views were formed by rigorous study of the ministry of Jesus, particularly the Sermon on the Mount.
¡Democracia Real YA!
 (DRY , Spanish for "Real Democracy NOW!")
, also known as Plataforma Democracia Real Ya!
 ("Real Democracy NOW Platform!")
, is a grassroots citizens' organization that was started in March 2011 in Spain.
 It sparked the political movement of May 15, 2011 ("15M") whose protests gained worldwide attention.
 The protests been compared to the May 1968 social movement in France. "
¡Democracia Real YA!"
 is associated with approximately 200 smaller organizations.
 ¡Democracia Real YA!
 states in its manifesto that it is a broad social movement, dedicated to nonviolent protest, and that maintains no affiliation with any political party or labor union.
 It has not appointed any single leader and is unwilling to join any of the existing political bodies.
 It is, however, not an entirely apolitical movement, (see: ).
 ¡Democracia Real YA!
 considers the current political and economic system incapable of listening to and representing its citizens and therefore demands changes to the current social and economic policies, which have led many people into unemployment, loss of their homes, and poverty.
 The organization denounces the way big businesses and banks dominate the political and economic sphere and aims to propose a series of solutions to these problems through grassroots participatory democracy and direct democracy, which is based on people's assemblies and consensus decision making.
 The movement drew inspiration from the 2009 Icelandic financial crisis protests, the Arab Spring, the 2010–2011 Greek protests and the 2010-2011 revolutions in Tunisia.
The Republic of New Afrika (RNA) was founded in 1968 as an American social movement based in Black Nationalism; it had three goals:
The Khaksar movement (Urdu: ‎ ) was a social movement based in Lahore, Punjab, British India, established by Allama Mashriqi in 1931, with the aim of freeing India from the rule of the British Empire and establish a Hindu-Muslim government in India.
Black separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for those of African descent in societies, particularly in the United States.
 Black separatism is a subcategory of black nationalism, stemming from the idea of racial solidarity, and implies that blacks should organize themselves on the basis of their common experience of oppression as a result of their blackness, culture, and African heritage.
 Black separatism in its purest form, as a subcategory of black nationalism, asserts that blacks and whites ideally should form two independent nations.
 Black separatists also often seek their original cultural homeland.
 Black separatists generally think that black people are hindered in their advancement in a society dominated by a white majority.
"Panther Power" is a song by Tupac Shakur featuring Ray Luv and it is one of the earliest recordings by Tupac.
 The song was produced by the Digital Underground and Strictly Dope member, Chopmaster J.
The song posthumously released on the album, and .
 The song is a tribute to the Black Panther Party and his mother, Afeni Shakur when she was a member of the Black Panther Party.
 The song deals with slavery, Black nationalism and racism.

Question: Which group joined by Sanyika Shakur was founded in 1968 as an American social movement based in Black Nationalism?
Answer: The Republic of New Afrika