Mohammed Bouyeri (born 8 March 1978) is a Moroccan-Dutch Islamic terrorist and convicted murderer who is serving a life sentence without parole for the assassination of Dutch film director Theo van Gogh.
 He holds both Dutch and Moroccan citizenship and was a member of the Hofstad Network.
Joshua Earl Patrick "Josh" Phillips (born March 17, 1984) is an American convicted murderer from Jacksonville, Florida.
 He was convicted in July 1999 of murdering an 8-year-old neighbor, Maddie Clifton, in November 1998, when he was 14 years old.
 He is currently serving a sentence of life in prison without parole.
 The murder was the subject of national television coverage, including a documentary on "48 Hours" titled "Why did Josh Kill?"
In the United States, 1 in every 2,000 residents is imprisoned for life.
 This is similar to the total imprisonment rate in Japan, which is roughly 51 per 100,000 residents.
 There are many U.S. states where a convict can be released on parole after a decade or more has passed.
 For example, sentences of "15 years to life", "25 years to life", or "life with mercy" may be given; this is called an "indeterminate life sentence", while a sentence of "life without the possibility of parole" or "life without mercy" is called a "determinate life sentence".
 Even when a sentence specifically denies the possibility of parole, government officials may have the power to grant amnesty or reprieves, or commute a sentence to time served.
Sara Jessimy Kruzan (born January 8, 1978) is an American murderer.
 In 1995, at the age of 17, she was convicted of the first-degree murder of her pimp, George Gilbert Howard.
 She was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole, and as a result received national attention from individuals and judicial reform groups, who advocated for a new trial.
 On January 2, 2011, as a result of the media attention, Kruzan was granted clemency by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who commuted her sentence to 25 years with the possibility of parole; she remained incarcerated at the Central California Women's Facility in Chowchilla.
 In January 2013, her sentence was reduced to second-degree manslaughter and 15 + 4 years, effectively time served, making her eligible for a parole hearing.
 She was found suitable for parole on June 12, 2013, and the decision was forwarded to Governor Jerry Brown.
 On October 25, 2013, Brown took no action on the parole board decision, thereby effectively confirming it, allowing the parole board to proceed with the parole of Kruzan.
 On October 31, 2013, she was paroled from Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla after serving 19 years.
The Jordan Brown case involves Jordan Brown (born August 7, 1997), who at age 11 was initially charged as an adult in the fatal shooting of his father's fiancée, Kenzie Marie Houk, 26, in New Beaver, Pennsylvania, on February 20, 2009.
 The county District Attorney's Office initially filed the charges in adult court because that is required in Pennsylvania homicide cases regardless of a defendant's age.
 The Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office subsequently took over prosecution of the case.
 After Brown spent more than three years in a juvenile detention facility in Erie, Pennsylvania, while Pennsylvania courts deliberated his status, Brown was tried as a juvenile and adjudicated delinquent (guilty) on April 13, 2012.
 On May 8, 2013, Superior Court vacated the finding of delinquency, citing "palpable abuse of discretion".
 Jordan was supposed to have a life sentence without parole because of the incident but instead faced a long time in the juvenile detention center because he was only 11.
The Graybar Hotel is the debut collection of short stories about prison life by Curtis Dawkins, that was first published on July 4, 2017 by Scribner.
 Dawkins himself is a convicted murderer, serving a life sentence without parole at the Lakeland Correctional Facility in Michigan.
Michelle Lynne Kosilek (born Robert Kosilek, April 10, 1949) is a convicted murderer and who is best known for the controversy surrounding her attempts to obtain vaginoplasty for her gender dysphoria while in prison.
 In 1990, Kosilek strangled wife Cheryl McCaul, killing her.
 Kosilek was sentenced to serve a life sentence without parole.
 During her incarceration, Kosilek has repeatedly sued the Massachusetts Department of Correction (MDOC), seeking medical treatment for her gender dysphoria.
Rachid Belkacem (1973 - July 5, 2006) was a Dutch national, and a suspected member of the terrorist organisation Hofstad Network.
 He was never convicted in court.
 His nickname was Abu Fadel, he was a friend of Mohammed Bouyeri, the murderer of Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh.
Wadih Elias el-Hage (Arabic: وديع الحاج‎ ‎ , "Wadī‘ al-Ḥāj") (born July 25, 1960) is a former al-Qaeda member who is serving life imprisonment in the United States for his part in the 1998 United States embassy bombings.
 He was indicted and arrested in 1998, and convicted on all counts and sentenced to life without parole in 2001.
 His sentence was overturned in 2008 because it was based on federal mandatory sentencing guidelines invalidated by the US Supreme Court in 2005.
 He was re-sentenced to life without parole in 2013.
 El-Hage and his co-defendants are currently in the supermax prison known as ADX Florence.
Montgomery v. Louisiana, 577 U.S. ___ (2016) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that its previous ruling in "Miller v. Alabama", 567 U.S. ___ (2012) , that a mandatory life sentence without parole should not apply to persons convicted of murder committed as juveniles, should be applied retroactively.
 This decision potentially affects up to 2,300 cases nationwide.

Question: Rachid Belkacem a Dutch national, was a friend of Mohammed Bouyeri, a Moroccan-Dutch Islamic terrorist and convicted murderer who is serving a life sentence without parole for the assassination of what Dutch film director?
Answer: Theo van Gogh