Haim Bodek is an American developer of trading software, and the son of physicist Arie Bodek.
 He worked for Hull Trading Company which was acquired by Goldman Sachs in 1999.
 He became the global head of Electronic Volatility Trading at UBS by 2003, and later established his own company Trading Machines.
 When his software inexplicably started losing money in 2009, he eventually tracked down the cause to an undocumented order type which was being used by other algorithmic trading companies to gain an advantage over other traders.
 He exposed the situation with a complaint in 2011 to the Securities and Exchange Commission, which resulted in BATS Global Markets paying a record $14 million fine.
 He also provided information for a 2012 article in the The Wall Street Journal written by Scott Patterson and Jenny Strasburg.
The Carnatic Wars (also spelled Karnatic Wars) were a series of military conflicts in the middle of the 18th century in India.
 The conflicts involved numerous nominally independent rulers and their vassals, struggles for succession and territory, and included a diplomatic and military struggle between the French East India Company and the British East India Company.
 They were mainly fought on the territories in India which were dominated by the Nizam of Hyderabad up to the Godavari delta.
 As a result of these military contests, the British East India Company established its dominance among the European trading companies within India.
 The French company was pushed to a corner and was confined primarily to Pondichéry.
 The East India company's dominance eventually led to control by the British Company over most of India and eventually to the establishment of the British Raj.
The Open University (OU) is a public distance learning and research university, and one of the biggest universities in the UK for undergraduate education.
 The majority of the OU's undergraduate students are based throughout the United Kingdom and principally study off-campus; many of its courses (both undergraduate and postgraduate) can also be studied anywhere in the world.
 There are also a number of full-time postgraduate research students based on the 48-hectare university campus where they use the OU facilities for research, as well as more than 1000 members of academic and research staff and over 2500 administrative, operational and support staff.
The 19th century (1 January 1801 – 31 December 1900) was the century marked by the collapse of the Spanish, Napoleonic, Holy Roman and Mughal empires.
 This paved the way for the growing influence of the British Empire, the Russian Empire, the United States, the German Empire, the French colonial empire and Meiji Japan, with the British boasting unchallenged dominance after 1815.
 After the defeat of the French Empire and its allies in the Napoleonic Wars, the British and Russian empires expanded greatly, becoming the world's leading powers.
 The Russian Empire expanded in central and far eastern Asia.
 The British Empire grew rapidly in the first half of the century, especially with the expansion of vast territories in Canada, Australia, South Africa and heavily populated India, and in the last two decades of the century in Africa.
 By the end of the century, the British Empire controlled a fifth of the world's land and one quarter of the world's population.
 During the post-Napoleonic era, it enforced what became known as the Pax Britannica, which had ushered in unprecedented globalisation, industrialisation, and economic integration on a massive scale.
British trading posts in India were first established by the East India Company (EIC) early in the seventeenth century, which quickly evolved into larger colonies covering a significant part of the subcontinent.
 Early settlements or factories included Masulipatnam (1611) and Madras (1640) in the south, Surat (1612) in the west, and modern-day Kolkata (1698–99) in the east.
 These colonies gave rise to Madras Presidency, Bombay Presidency, and Bengal Presidency, and each Presidency had a separate coinage and monetary system.
 In 1835, the EIC adopted a unified system of coinage throughout all British possessions in India and the older Presidency system was discontinued.
 After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, control of EIC territories passed to the British Crown.
 Coinage issued after 1857 were under the authority of monarch as India became part of the British Empire.
 There was a transition period after India gained independence on 15 August 1947, and the first set of republic India coins were issued in 1950.
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
 It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries.
 At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power.
 By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, % of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered 35500000 km2 , % of the Earth's total land area.
 As a result, its political, legal, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread.
 At the peak of its power, the phrase "the empire on which the sun never sets" was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.
Victoria's Empire is a three-part British travel series that was first broadcast on BBC One in 2007.
 It was written and presented by comedian and actress Victoria Wood.
 Wood travelled around the world in search of the history, cultural impact and customs which the British Empire placed on the parts of the world it ruled.
 The documentary was called "Victoria's Empire" after the presenter, as Wood herself is named after the ruler of the British Empire, Queen Victoria.
 Wood specifically looked at places named after the monarch.
Empire is a 2012 BBC and Open University co-production, written and presented by Jeremy Paxman, charting the rise of the British Empire from the trading companies of India to the rule over a quarter of the world's population and the legacy in the modern world.
The Burma Campaign in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II was fought in the British colony of Burma primarily between the forces of the British Empire and China, with support from the United States, against the invading forces of Imperial Japan, Thailand, and the Indian National Army.
 British Empire forces peaked at around 1,000,000 land and air forces, and were drawn primarily from British India, with British Army forces (equivalent to 8 regular infantry divisions and 6 tank regiments), 100,000 East and West African colonial troops, and smaller numbers of land and air forces from several other Dominions and Colonies.
 The Burmese Independence Army (known to the legitimate Burmese government and the Allies as the "Burmese Traitor Army" - BTA) was trained by the Japanese and spearheaded the initial attacks against British Empire forces.
Hindu religion and culture in Singapore can be traced back to the 7th century AD, when Temasek was a trading post of Hindu-Buddhist Srivijaya empire.
 A millennium later, a wave of immigrants from southern India were brought to Singapore, mostly as coolies and indentured labourers by the British East India Company and colonial British Empire.
 As with Malay peninsula, the British administration sought to stabilise a reliable labour force in its regional plantation and trading activities; it encouraged Hindus to bring family through the "kangani" system of migration, settle, build temples and segregated it into a community that later became Little India.

Question: the 2012 production Empire charting the rise of the British Empire from the trading companies of India was co-produced by BBC and which research university?
Answer: Open University