In kinetics, König's theorem or König's decomposition is a mathematical relation derived by Johann Samuel König that assists with the calculation of kinetic energy of bodies and systems of particles.
Johann Samuel Heinsius (1686–1750) was a German bookseller and publisher based in Leipzig, best known for the works he published in collaboration with Johann Heinrich Zedler.
Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise Du Châtelet (] ; 17 December 1706  – 10 September 1749) was a French natural philosopher, mathematician, physicist, and author during the early 1730s until her untimely death due to childbirth in 1749.
 Her most recognized achievement is her translation of and commentary on Isaac Newton's book "Principia" containing basic laws of physics.
 The translation, published posthumously in 1759, is still considered the standard French translation today.
 Her commentary includes a profound contribution to Newtonian mechanics—the postulate of an additional conservation law for total energy, of which kinetic energy of motion is one element.
Louise-Anastasia Serment (Grenoble, 1642 - Paris, 1692) was a French natural philosopher and poet.
 Born in Grenoble, she spent most of her life in Paris.
 She was a disciple of Descartes.
 She was a member of the Ricovrati Academy.
 Serment reputedly collaborated as an author with Philippe Quinault in his operas.
Eva Catharina Lessing (22 March 1736 – 10 January 1778) was a German woman of letters.
 She was born Eva Catharina Hahn on March 22, 1736 in the southern German city of Heidelberg.
 In 1756 she married the Hamburg businessman Engelbert König, giving her the married name Eva König.
 It was in 1767 that she first became friends with the playwright Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, who was also godfather to her son Fritz.
 After her husband König died in 1768, Eva was looked after by Lessing.
 In 1771 they became engaged, though circumstances did not favour a timely marriage.
 In fact, due to matters related to König's estate, Eva was obliged to make several visits to Vienna, over a lengthy period of time, and then accompany the young Prince Leopold of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, a future Prussian general, on a journey to Italy in 1775.
 As a result, the couple's main mode of contact during their engagement was through written correspondence, much of which has survived.
 In 1776 they were finally married, in Jork near Hamburg.
 Eva Lessing then moved to Wolfenbüttel with her husband.
 She died there, aged 41, in 1778, of neonatal sepsis soon after the birth of their son Traugott.
Camilla Erculiani (died post-1584) was an Italian apothecary, writer, natural philosopher and women's advocate during the early modern period.
 This "self-described pharmacist" published a book, in the form of letter-essays, about her views on topics of science and natural philosophy.
 Erculiani's "Lettre di philosophia naturale" or "Letters on Natural Philosophy" was published in 1584.
 Due to some of the unconventional theories presented in her work, she was put on trial by the Roman Inquisition on charges of suspected heresy- for the "blurring of boundaries between natural philosophy and theology."
 Although the trial records are lost, it is speculated that Erculiani was likely pardoned.
Johann Samuel Drese (c. 1644 – 1 December 1716) was a German composer and member of the musical Drese family.
 In 1683 he was appointed "Kapellmeister" in Weimar.
 He was in charge of music when Johann Sebastian Bach worked in Weimar in 1703 and 1708.
 His cousin was Adam Drese.
Lothar König (1906-1946) was a German Jesuit priest and member of the Kreisau Circle of the German Resistance during the Nazi period.
 Though multi-denominational, the Kreisau group's opposition to the Hitler regime had a strongly Christian orientation, and looked for a general Christian revival, and reawakening of awareness of the transcendental.
 Its outlook was rooted both in German romantic and idealist tradition and in the Catholic doctrine of natural law.
 König would become an important intermediary between the Circle and bishops Grober of Freiberg and Preysing of Berlin.
 After the failure of the 1944 July Plot to assassinate Hitler, König was pursued by the Gestapo and sought refuge in a coal cellar, where he lived in hiding until the end of the war.
 König died shortly after the war from the effects of his time in hiding.
Elisabeth Dorothea Bing (née Koenigsberger; 8 July 1914 – 15 May 2015) was a German physical therapist, co-founder of Lamaze International, and proponent of natural childbirth.
 She trained as a physical therapist in England after fleeing Nazi Germany due to her Jewish ancestry.
 Her hospital work there made her interested in natural childbirth, and she taught it to parents in the United States after she moved there in 1949.
 To promote natural childbirth methods, she co-founded the American Society for Psychoprophylaxis in Obstetrics (now Lamaze International), gave several TV and radio appearances, and wrote several books on the subject.
 She became known as the "mother" of the Lamaze method in the United States.
Johann Samuel König (July 31, 1712 in Büdingen – August 21, 1757 in Zuilenstein near Amerongen) was a mathematician.
 Johann Bernoulli instructed both König and Pierre Louis Maupertuis as pupils during the same period.
 König is remembered largely for his disagreements with Leonhard Euler, concerning the principle of least action.
 He is also remembered as a tutor to Émilie du Châtelet, one of the few female physicists of the 18th century.

Question: Johann Samuel König was a mathematician remembered as a tutor to French natural philosopher that died due to childbirth in what year?
Answer: 1749