Dom Pedro Mascarenhas (1470 – 16 June 1555) was a Portuguese explorer and colonial administrator.
 He was the first European to discover the island of Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean in 1512.
 He also encountered the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius in 1512, although he may not have been the first Portuguese explorer to do so; earlier expeditions by Diogo Dias and Afonso de Albuquerque along with Diogo Fernandes Pereira may have encountered the islands.
 In 1528 explorer Diogo Rodrigues (after whom the island of Rodrigues is named) named the islands of Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues the Mascarene Islands, after Mascarenhas.
John Buyers was the first officer of the brig "Barwell" in 1799 on her voyage to China.
 Later he was the first officer of the brig "Margaret" as an investment he and John Turnbull made in Turnbull and Co., John Turnbull being his second officer and a historian.
 "Margaret", after some delay, left England on July 2, 1800, and sailing by way of the Cape of Good Hope, reached Sydney in February 1801.
 They reached the Society Islands in September 1802.
 After trading with various islands in the group, the ship sailed for the Hawaiian Islands, arriving at Oahu on December 17.
 After trading for salt at Oahu, Kauai, Niihau, and Hawaiʻ i island, "Margaret" sailed south on January 21, 1803.
 The ship sailed in among the Tuamotuan atolls and, on March 6, 1803, Nukutepipi, one of the Duke of Gloucester Islands, was visited and named Margaret Island, after the ship, though previously discovered in 1767.
 On March 10, Makemo was discovered and named Phillips Island, after a late sheriff of London, Sir Richard Phillips.
 On the same day, Taenga was discovered and named Holts Island.
 Some other islands were sighted but they had been previously discovered and were not landed on.
 Once in Tahiti, Turnbull set up an establishment ashore for buying pigs and salting them down with the salt obtained in the Hawaiian Islands.
The Schreierstoren (English incorrectly translated as: Weeper's Tower), originally part of the medieval city wall of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, was built in the 15th century.
 It was the location from which Henry Hudson set sail on his journey to Northern America.
 This expedition would lead to the discovery of the island of Manhattan among others.
 It was built as a defense tower in 1487.
 It is currently a café and nautical bookstore.
 The old name was 'Schreyhoeckstoren' meaning in old Dutch the sharp angle of the tower with the once connected citywalls.
 Later they started calling it in short the Schreierstoren.
The Explorer Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary located about 241 km west of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
 It lies at the northern extremity of the Pacific spreading axis.
 To its east is the Explorer Plate, which together with the Juan de Fuca Plate and the Gorda Plate to its south, is what remains of the once-vast Farallon Plate which has been largely subducted under the North American Plate.
 The Explorer Ridge consists of one major segment, the Southern Explorer Ridge, and several smaller segments.
 It runs northward from the Sovanco Fracture Zone to the Queen Charlotte Triple Junction, a point where it meets the Queen Charlotte Fault and the northern Cascadia subduction zone.
Booth Island (or Wandel Island) is a rugged, Y-shaped island, 5 mi long and rising to 980 m off the northwest coast of Kiev Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica in the northeastern part of the Wilhelm Archipelago.
 Booth Island is located at .
 Discovered and named by a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann 1873–74, probably for Oskar Booth or Stanley Booth, or both, members of the Hamburg Geographical Society at that time.
 The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names has rejected the name "Wandel Island", applied by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition —in honour of Danish polar explorer and hydrographer Carl Frederick Wandel, 1897–99, in favor of the original naming.
 The narrow passage between the island and the mainland is the scenic Lemaire Channel.
Henry Hudson ( 1565–1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States.
Ronne Entrance is a broad southwest entrance of the George VI Sound where it opens from the southeast portion of the Bellingshausen Sea at the southwest side of Alexander Island, Antarctica.
 The south side of the Monteverdi Peninsula occupies the north portion of the Ronne Entrance while Ellsworth Land occupies the southern portion of the entrance.
 The entrance receives much ice throughout the whole year mainly because the entrance protrudes eastward into the adjacent George VI Sound and the George VI Ice Shelf from the southwest section, the Ronne Entrance is also prone to ice flow from the Bach Ice Shelf (which separates the south side of the Beethoven Peninsula from the north side of the Monteverdi Peninsula) as well as receiving ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf (mainly from the southernmost end of the ice shelf).
 There are a few islands situated within the Ronne Entrance, mainly in the southwest area.
 Some of these islands include the Eklund Islands, DeAtley Island, Spaatz Island, Case Island and Smyley Island.
 It was discovered on a sledge journey through the sound in December 1940 by U.S. Polar explorer Finn Ronne and Carl Eklund of the US Antarctic Service (USAS), 1939–41, and named "Ronne Bay".
 Finn Ronne covered more miles by ski and sled dog than any other explorer in history and mapped the last unknown coastline on earth on his Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947.
Uunartoq Qeqertaq, Greenlandic for "The Warming Island", is an island off the east central coast of Greenland, 550 km north of the Arctic Circle.
 It became recognised as an island only in September 2005, by US explorer Dennis Schmitt.
 It was attached to the mainland of Liverpool Land by glacial ice even in 2002, when the ice shelves began retreating rapidly in this area, so that by 2005 it was no longer attached to the mainland.
 Members of the scientific community believe this newly discovered island is a direct result of global warming.
 The island has three large peninsulas, and thus resembles the letter W, or the Chinese character 山 .
The Explorer Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada and is partially subducted under the North American Plate.
 Along with the Juan De Fuca Plate and Gorda Plate, the Explorer Plate is a remnant of the ancient Farallon Plate which has been subducted under the North American Plate.
 The Explorer Plate separated from the Juan De Fuca Plate roughly 4 million years ago.
 In its smoother, southern half, the average depth of the Explorer plate is roughly 2400 m and rises up in its northern half to a highly variable basin between 1400 m and 2200 m in depth.
2013 YP is an Apollo near-Earth asteroid discovered at a distance of 0.235 astronomical units from Earth.
 by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.
 The asteroid is estimated to be 0.650 kilometers (0.404 miles) in diameter, 43 million kilometers (27 million miles) away, and is expected to come within 490,000 kilometers (300,000 miles) of Earth, though not within one hundred years of its discovery in 2013.
 2013 YP is the first asteroid to be discovered by the reinstated NEOWISE program of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, following the program's hibernation in 2011.

Question: From which country was the explorer who discovered the island of Manhattan?
Answer: was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century