The succession to Muhammad raises questions about the leadership of Islam after his death: Muhammad's successor, how they should be elected, conditions of legitimacy and the role of successor.
 Answers to these questions have led to several divisions in the Muslim community since the first century of Muslim history, giving rise to the Sunni, Shia and Khawarij schools.
 After Muhammad's death in AD 632, disagreement broke out over who should succeed him as leader of the Muslim community.
 Since none of his sons survived into adulthood, hereditary succession was not an option.
 Umar (Umar ibn al-Khattab), a prominent companion of Muhammad, nominated Abu Bakr.
 Others added their support, and Abu Bakr was made the first caliph.
 This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who believed that Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib), the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law, had already been designated as his successor by the Prophet.
 During the First and Second Fitnas the Islamic community divided into a number of groups, each of which had a specific idea about successorship.
 After the Rashidun caliphate evolved into monarchies and sultanates, Sunnis held power in most areas; Shias emerged in opposition.
Muslim ibn Aqil Al-Hashimi (Arabic: مسلم بن عقيل الهاشمي) was the son of Aqeel ibn Abu Talib and a member of the clan of Bani Hashim, thus, he is a cousin of Husayn ibn Ali.
 The people of Kufa called upon Husayn to overthrow the Umayyad dynasty who was on his way to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage.
 He wanted to confirm the loyalty of the people of Kufa, so he sent his cousin and his ambassador, Muslim ibn Aqeel, a famous warrior, to Kufa to observe the situation.
 He sent a letter to Husayn confirming their loyalty, before knowing that the 30,000 followers that he gained would all betray him.
 He was executed by the newly installed governor, Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad, on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, 60 AH, and is buried at the back of Great Mosque of Kufa.
Abū Barāʾ ʿĀmir ibn Mālik ibn Jaʿfar was the preeminent chieftain of the Arab tribe of Banu 'Amir during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and interacted with the latter.
 During the expedition of Bi'r, four months after the Battle of Uhud, a delegation of Banu 'Amir came to Muhammad and presented him with a gift.
 Abu Bara' stayed in Medina.
 Muhammad declined to accept that gift because it was from a polytheist and asked Abu Bara' to embrace Islam.
 In response, Abu Bara' requested that Muhammad send some Muslims to the people of Najd to invite them to convert to Islam.
 At first, Muhammad was quite apprehensive of this, as he feared that some harm might befall on these Muslim missionaries.
 Yo assuage Muhammad’s hesitation, Abu Bara' guaranteed the safety of the Muslim emissaries.
 He stated, "I will protect them.
"Ibn Ishaq's Biography claims that forty men were sent to them; but Sahih al-Bukhari states that there were seventy — Al-Mundhir bin ‘Amr, one of Banu Sa‘ida, nicknamed ‘Freed to die’ — commanded that group, who were the best and most learned in the Qur'an and jurisprudence.
 But the Muslim's were killed
Bibi Pāk Dāman (Urdu: بی بی پاکدامن) is the mausoleum of Ruqayyah bint Ali located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
 Legend has it that it holds the graves of six ladies from Muhammad's household (Ahl Al-Bayt).
 Ruqayyah bint Ali ibn Abu Talib was the daughter of Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abu Talib with his wife Umm al banin bint Huzaam.
 Ruqayah bint Ali was the full sister of Al-Abbas ibn Ali and also the wife of Muslim ibn Aqeel (emissary of third Shi'a Imam Husayn ibn Ali to Kufah).
 Others are said to be Muslim ibn Aqil's sister and daughters.
 It is said that these ladies came here after the event of the battle of Karbala on the 10th day of the month of Muharram in 61 AH (October 10, AD 680).
 Bibi Pak Daman, which means the "chaste lady", is the collective name of the six ladies believed to interred at this mausoleum, though it is also (mistakenly) popularly used to refer to the personage of Ruqayyah bint Ali alone.
 They were among the women who brought Islam to South Asia, preaching and engaging in missionary activity in the environs of Lahore.
 It is said that Data Ganj Bakhsh, considered a great Sufi saint of the South Asia, was himself a devotee of the Bibi Pak Daman shrine and received holy knowledge from this auspicious shrine.
Abu Hajal Muslim ibn Awsaja (Arabic: ابوحَجَل مسلم بن عوسجه الأسدي‎ ‎ ) was a companion of Islamic Prophet Muhammad.
 He assisted Muslim ibn Aqeel in Kufa.
 Then he joined Husayn ibn Ali army with his family.
 He was killed in battle of Karbala.
Muhammad ibn Muslim (Arabic: محمد بن مسلم‎ ‎ ) and Ibraheem ibn Muslim (Arabic: إبراهيم بن مسلم‎ ‎ ) were the sons of Muslim ibn Aqeel and the grandsons of Aqeel ibn Abu Talib.
 Muslim ibn Aqeel was the messenger of Hussain ibn Ali to the people of Kufa, while Aqeel ibn Abu Talib was the brother of Ali ibn Abu Talib and the cousin of Muhammad.
 These children are also included among the martyrs of the Battle of Karbala.
Ibn Ziyad summoned a retainer, Ma'qil, who he tasked to act a spy and pretend he was a Shi'a in order to locate the whereabouts of Muslim ibn Aqeel.
 With 3,000 dirhams in his hand and by falsely convincing Muslim ibn Awsaja al-Asadi of his sincerity, Ma'qil was invited into the presence of Muslim ibn Aqeel where he began to collect information, which he regularly reported to Ibn Ziyad.
 Muslim's host, Hani ibn Urwa, began fearing for himself and stopped attending the Majlis of the new governor by saying that he was sick.
 However, it was reported to Ibn Ziyad that Hani was seen sitting in the doorway of his house every evening and thus he was aggressively called to the presence of the new governor.
Muhammad (Arabic: محمد‎ ‎ ; ] ; c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) is the prophet and founder of Islam.
 According to Islamic doctrine, he was God's Messenger, sent to confirm the essential teachings of monotheism preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
 He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief.
 Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings, practices, and the Quran formed the basis of Islamic religious belief.
Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward ibn Kawshādh al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī (Arabic: أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد بن كوشاذ القشيري النيسابوري‎ ‎ ; after 815 – May 875) or Muslim Nīshāpūrī (Persian: ‎ ‎ ), commonly known as Imam Muslim, was a Persian Islamic scholar, particularly known as a "muhaddith" (scholar of hadith).
 His hadith collection, known as "Sahih Muslim", is one of the six major hadith collections in Sunni Islam and is regarded as one of the two most authentic ("sahih") collections, alongside "Sahih al-Bukhari".
Ishaq al-Turk (also: Eshaq El-Tork, Arabic إسحاق الترك).
 Abbasid propagandist for Abu Muslim sent to the Turks of Transoxania, hence the name "al-Turk" (of the Turks).
 After Abu Muslim's murder at the orders of al-Mansur, he fled to Transoxania, and declared a revolt on al-Mansur.
 He claimed that Abu Muslim was a prophet who was sent to reform Zoroastrianism, thus starting one of many movements claiming prophethood or divinity for Abu Muslim.
 He also claimed descent from Yahya ibn Zayd ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, but is most likely an ethnic Persian.
 The Abbasid ruler of Khorasan had him captured and executed.
 His group continued to be known as al-Muslimiyya "(followers of Abu Muslim Khorasani)," and constitute the fundamental ideology of the sect well known as Bābak’iyyāh in the future.

Question: Abu Hajal Muslim ibn Awsaja was a companion of what prophet who was the founder of islam, and who united Arabia into a single Muslim polity?
Answer: Muhammad