Hugh de Courtenay, 1st/9th Earl of Devon (14 September 1276 – 23 December 1340) was the son of Sir Hugh de Courtenay (died 1292), feudal baron of Okehampton in Devon, by his wife Eleanor le Despenser (died 1328), sister of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester.
 Forty-one years after the death of his cousin, Isabel de Forz, "suo jure" 8th Countess of Devon (1237–1293) (née de Redvers, eldest daughter of Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon (1217-1245)), letters patent were granted by King Edward III, dated 22 February 1335, declaring him Earl of Devon, and stating that he 'should assume such title and style as his ancestors, Earls of Devon, had wont to do'.
 This thus made him 1st Earl of Devon, if the letters patent are deemed to have created a new peerage, otherwise 9th Earl of Devon if it is deemed a restitution of the old dignity of the de Redvers family and he is deemed to have succeeded the "suo jure" 8th Countess.
 Authorities differ in their opinions and thus alternative ordinal numbers exist for this Courtenay earldom.
The Numayrids were an Arab dynasty based in Diyar Mudar (western Upper Mesopotamia).
 They were emirs (princes) of their namesake tribe, the Banu Numayr.
 The senior branch of the dynasty, founded by Waththab ibn Sabiq in 990, more or less continuously ruled the Euphrates cities of Harran, Saruj and Raqqa until the late 11th century.
 In the early part of Waththab's reign (990–1019), the Numayrids also seized Edessa, until the Byzantines conquered it in the early 1030s.
 In 1062, the Numayrids lost Raqqa to their distant kinsmen and erstwhile allies, the Mirdasids, while by 1081, their capital Harran and nearby Saruj were conquered by the Turkish Seljuks and their Arab Uqaylid allies.
 Numayrid emirs continued to hold isolated fortresses in Upper Mesopotamia, such as Qal'at an-Najm and Sinn Ibn Utayr near Samosata until the early 12th century, but nothing is heard of them after 1120.
Osroene, also spelled Osroëne and Osrhoene (Ancient Greek: Ὀσροηνή ; Syriac: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝ‎ "Kingdom of Urhay") and sometimes known by the name of its capital city, Edessa (now Şanlıurfa, Turkey), was a historical kingdom located in Upper Mesopotamia, which enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 BC to AD 244, and a Roman province from 244–608 CE, and from 318 a part of the Diocese of the East.
The Zuqnin Chronicle is a chronicle written in Syriac concerning the events from Creation to  775 CE.
 The fourth, historiographically important, part of the chronicle provides a detailed account of life of non-Muslims in Upper Mesopotamia, Egypt, Palestine during and after the Muslim conquest of Syria.
 It was most probably produced in the Zuqnin Monastery near Amida (the modern Turkish city of Diyarbakır) on the upper Tigris.
 The work is preserved in a single handwritten manuscript, "Cod.
 Vat."
 162.
 This is now in the Vatican (shelf mark Vatican Syriac 162).
Syriac Christianity (Syriac: ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ‎ / "mšiḥāiūṯā suryāiṯā") refers to Eastern Christian traditions that employs Syriac in their liturgical rites.
 The Syriac language is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that emerged in Edessa, Assyria-Upper Mesopotamia, in the early 1st century AD, and is considered to be closely related to the Aramaic of Jesus.
 Tracing back their historical heritage to the 1st century, Syriac Christianity is today represented in the Middle East by the Maronite Church, Syriac Catholic Church, the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Syrian Orthodox Church, the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East, as well as by the Saint Thomas Christians of respective communions centered in Kerala, India.
Beatrix de Courtenay (died after 1245) was a Titular Countess of Edessa and Countess consort of Henneberg as the wife of Otto von Botenlauben.
 She was the eldest daughter of Agnes of Milly and Joscelin III, Count of Edessa, who gave Chastel Neuf and Toron to Beatrix.
 She was named after Joscelin’s mother.
Edessa (Greek Ἔδεσσα , Turkish: "Şanlıurfa" ,Arabic الرها , Kurdish: Riha ) was a city in Upper Mesopotamia, founded on an earlier site by Seleucus I Nicator ca. 302 BC.
 It was also known as "Antiochia on the Callirhoe" from the 2nd century BC.
 It was the capital of the semi-independent kingdom of Osroene from c. 132 BC and fell under direct Roman rule in ca. 242.
 It became an important early centre of Syriac Christianity.
Thomas de Vere, 8th Earl of Oxford (c. 1336 – September 1371) was the second but first surviving son of John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford, and Maud de Badlesmere.
 He was predeceased by his elder brother, Sir John Vere of Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire, who married Elizabeth de Courtenay, the daughter of Hugh de Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon, and died before 23 June 1350 without issue.
The Barony of Courtenay, called Baron Courtenay, was created in 1299.
 The Earldom was confirmed by King Edward III and conferred on Hugh de Courtenay, Earl of Devon's summons to be a Lord of Parliament during his father's lifetime on 23 April 1337.
 This was Edward III's first Parliament as an adult king in charge of his own rule, and all writs were codified in Latin; Hugh was styled "Hugoni de Courteney juniori".
 The writ of title was originally by Edward I in 1299.
 His father died at Christmas 1340, whence Hugh became Earl of Devon.
 Cokayne discussed the summons and esoteric point as to whether the writ had its origination in 1337 or earlier.
 In essence the title was a courtesy for the earldom, bestowed upon the eldest son and heir apparent.
Jocelyn I de Courtenay (1034-after 1065), son of Athon, Châtelain de Châteaurenard, Seigneur de Courtenay.
 Very little is known about his life other than his two marriages.
 He first married Hildegarde de Château-Landon, daughter of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais, and Ermengarde of Anjou (daughter of Fulk III, Count of Anjou).
 Joscelin and Hildegarde had one daughter:

Question: Beatrix de Courtenay held two titles, the first as Titular Countess of Edessa, a city in Upper Mesopotamia and an early centre of Syriac Christianity; what was her second title?
Answer: Countess consort of Henneberg