Han Shizhong (韓世忠) (1089–1151) was a Chinese general of the late Northern Song Dynasty and the early Southern Song Dynasty.
 He dedicated his whole life to serving the Song Dynasty, and performed many legendary deeds.
 It is said that he had scars all over his body and, by the time he retired, there were only four fingers left on both of his hands.
 General Han distinguished himself in the Jin–Song wars against the Jurchen Jin Dynasty, and was reputed to win battles in situation where he had to face larger amount of enemies with smaller numbers of soldiers.
 He was a great fighter and because of his feats in battle, Yuan Tan said that Han Shizhong is truly an even match for 10,000 men.
 He is also a known military inventor: his inventions including various modified bows, chain-like armor, a horse jumping obstacle course for cavalry training, and an archery range for archery practice.
 His wife, Liang Hongyu, was also known to have an exceptional military mind.
Jun ware () is a type of Chinese pottery, one of the Five Great Kilns of Song dynasty ceramics.
 Despite its fame, much about Jun ware remains unclear, and the subject of arguments among experts.
 Several different types of pottery are covered by the term, produced over several centuries and in several places, during the Northern Song dynasty (960–1126), Jin dynasty (1115–1234) and Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), and (as has become clearer in recent years) lasting into the early Ming dynasty.
The Han Chinese, Han people or simply Han ( ; ] ; Han characters: 漢人 (Mandarin pinyin: "Hànrén"; literally "Han people") or 漢族 (pinyin: "Hànzú"; literally "Han ethnicity" or "Han ethnic group")) are an East Asian ethnic group.
 They constitute approximately 92% of the population of China, 95% of Taiwan (Han Taiwanese), 76% of Singapore, 23% of Malaysia and about 17% of the global population, making them the world's largest ethnic group with over 1.3 billion people.
The ruled area of the Northern Song extended to the southeastern coast.
 Its Northern Border with the Liao state was the Hai River, Ba Zhou city, Hebei province, and Yanmen Pass, Shanxi (Jin) province, an essential pass of the Great wall.
 Its reign reached northwest to the Hengshan Mountain in Shaanxi (Shan/Qin), the east of Gansu province, and the Huangshui River of Qinghai, all the way to the border with the state of Liao.
 In the west, it shared the boundary line of Min Mountains and Dadu River (Sichuan) with Tibet and Dali Kingdom.
 It was also adjacent with Vietnam across Guangxi province.
 Still, the Northern Song Dynasty has been the smallest in terms of land area among all the united empires that established on the vast Central Plains.
 As was recorded by "Taiping Huanyu Ji", the population of the Northern Song Dynasty exploded from 32,500,000 in 980 to 100,001,200 in 1110.
Qidan Guozhi (契丹國志; "Records of the Khitan Empire") was a 13th-century book chronicling Chinese history of the Liao Dynasty, also known as the Khitan Empire and lasting from 907 to 1125.
 Consisting of 27 volumes, it also includes history about the Khitan people before the foundation of the Liao Dynasty, although this section includes a lot of superstitious elements.
 Written by Ye Longli (葉隆禮) in the Southern Song Dynasty, it primarily relied on sources from a foreign country (Northern Song Dynasty), and as such, differs from "History of Liao" which is mainly based on official records from Liao Dynasty itself.
 The book is dated from 1180, a clear error; Ye Yongli did not pass the imperial examination until 1247.
The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that succeeded the period referred to as Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960) and preceded the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), which conquered the Song dynasty in 1279.
 The conventional division into the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127) and Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) is created by the conquest of northern China by the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in 1127 and the consequent shift of the capital from Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng) in the north to Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou) in the south.
Emperor Gaozong of Song (12 June 1107 – 9 November 1187), personal name Zhao Gou, courtesy name Deji, was the tenth emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the first emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.
 He was the ninth son of Emperor Huizong and a younger brother of Emperor Qinzong.
 In 1127, during the wars between the Song dynasty and Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, the Song capital Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng) fell to Jin forces in an event historically known as the Jingkang Incident.
 Emperors Huizong and Qinzong were taken prisoner by the Jurchens, while Zhao Gou managed to escape to southern China.
 He reestablished the Song dynasty (as the Southern Song dynasty) in Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou) and was proclaimed emperor.
 He reigned from 1127 until 1162, when he abdicated the throne in favour of his adopted son Zhao Shen (Emperor Xiaozong), and became a "Taishang Huang" ("Retired Emperor") until his death in 1187.
The Zuiweng Pavilion (, is a pavilion lying to the south east of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
 Located in The Northern Song Dynasty whilst the structure that exists today dates to the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911).
 The pavilion takes its name from the Northern Song poet Ouyang Xiu, who called himself the "Old Toper" and wrote a poem entitled "Zuiweng Tingji" or "An Account of the Old Toper's Pavilion".
Wuzhu (died 1148), also known by his sinicised name Wanyan Zongbi, or Jin Wuzhu, was a prince, military general and civil minister of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries.
 He was the fourth son of Aguda (Emperor Taizu), the founder and first emperor of the Jin dynasty.
 Wuzhu started his career in the military in his youth, when he participated in the Jurchen rebellion led by his father against the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.
 Between the late 1120s and 1130s, he fought for the Jin dynasty in a series of wars against the Han Chinese-led Northern Song dynasty and its successor state, the Southern Song dynasty.
 In 1137, in recognition of his contributions in battle, he was appointed as Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥) and enfeoffed as the "Prince of Shen" (沈王).
 In the final decade of his life, he was appointed to several high-ranking positions in the Jin imperial court, including Left Chancellor (左丞相), Palace Attendant (侍中), "Taibao" (太保), Marshal of the Capital (都元帥), "Taifu" (太傅), and "Taishi" (太師).
 He died of illness in 1148.
 Throughout his life, he had served under three Jin emperors – Emperor Taizu (his father), Emperor Taizong (his uncle), and Emperor Xizong (his nephew).
The Southern Song dynasty refers to an era of the Song dynasty after Kaifeng was captured by the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127.
 The government of the Song was forced to establish a new capital city at Lin'an (present day Hangzhou) which wasn't near any sources of copper so the quality of the coins produced under the Southern Song significantly deteriorated compared to the cast copper coins of the Northern Song dynasty.
 The Southern Song government preferred to invest in their defenses (as its incapable military easily fell to the Jurchens) while trying to remain passive towards the Jin dynasty establishing a long peace until the Mongols eventually annexed the Jin before marching down to the Song establishing the Yuan dynasty.

Question: What ethnic group constituting the majoirty of the population of China led the Northern Song Dynasty?
Answer: The Han Chinese