The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion.
 Max Wertheimer, one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, defined this phenomenon in 1912.
 The phi phenomenon and persistence of vision together formed the foundation of Hugo Münsterberg's theory of film and are part of the process of motion perception.
Digital video is a representation of moving visual images in the form of encoded digital data.
 This is in contrast to analog video, which represents moving visual images with analog signals. Digital video comprises a series of digital images displayed in rapid succession.
 In contrast, one of the key analog methods, motion picture film, uses a series of photographs which are projected in rapid succession.
 Standard film stocks such as 16 mm and 35 mm record at 24 frames per second.
 For video, there are two frame rate standards: NTSC, at about 30 frames per second, and PAL at 25 frames per second.
Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other.
The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope.
 It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud.
 Like the zoetrope, it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder.
 The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned.
 Someone looking in the mirrors would therefore see a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter and less distorted picture than the zoetrope offered.
Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid succession of sequential images that minimally differ from each other.
 The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon and beta movement, but the exact causes are still unclear.
The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device.
 The Kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole viewer window at the top of the device.
 The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector, but introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video, by creating the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high-speed shutter.
 A process using roll film first described in a patent application submitted in France and the U.S. by French inventor Louis Le Prince, the concept was also used by U.S. inventor Thomas Edison in 1889, and subsequently developed by his employee William Kennedy Laurie Dickson between 1889 and 1892.
 Dickson and his team at the Edison lab also devised the Kinetograph, an innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermittent, or stop-and-go, film movement, to photograph movies for in-house experiments and, eventually, commercial Kinetoscope presentations.
A mitrailleuse (] ; from French "mitraille", "grapeshot") is a type of volley gun with multiple barrels of rifle calibre that can fire either multiple rounds at once or several rounds in rapid succession.
 The earliest true mitrailleuse was invented in 1851 by Belgian Army Captain Fafschamps, 10 years before the advent of the Gatling gun.
 It was followed by the Belgian Montigny mitrailleuse in 1863.
 Then the French 25 barrel ""Canon à Balles"", better known as the Reffye "mitrailleuse", was adopted in great secrecy in 1866.
 It became the first rapid-firing weapon deployed as standard equipment by any army in a major conflict when it was used during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71.
 A steel block containing twenty-five 13 mm (.51 calibre) centre-fire cartridges was locked against the breech before firing.
 With the rotation of a crank, the 25 rounds were discharged in rapid succession.
 The sustainable firing rate of the Reffye mitrailleuse was 100 rounds per minute.
 The maximum effective range of the Reffye "mitrailleuse" was about 2000 yards; a distance which placed their batteries beyond the reach of Prussian Dreyse needle rifle fire.
 Reffye mitrailleuses were deployed in six gun batteries and were manned by artillery personnel.
 They were not infantry support weapons but rather a form of special artillery.
The zoopraxiscope is an early device for displaying motion pictures.
 Created by photographic pioneer Eadweard Muybridge in 1879, it may be considered the first movie projector.
 The zoopraxiscope projected images from rotating glass disks in rapid succession to give the impression of motion.
 The stop-motion images were initially painted onto the glass, as silhouettes.
 A second series of discs, made in 1892–1894, used outline drawings printed onto the discs photographically, then colored by hand.
 Some of the animated images are highly complex, featuring multiple combinations of sequences of animal and human movement.
The cutaneous rabbit illusion (also known as cutaneous saltation and sometimes the cutaneous rabbit effect or CRE) is a tactile illusion evoked by tapping two or more separate regions of the skin in rapid succession.
 The illusion is most readily evoked on regions of the body surface that have relatively poor spatial acuity, such as the forearm.
 A rapid sequence of taps delivered first near the wrist and then near the elbow creates the sensation of sequential taps hopping up the arm from the wrist towards the elbow, although no physical stimulus was applied between the two actual stimulus locations.
 Similarly, stimuli delivered first near the elbow then near the wrist evoke the illusory perception of taps hopping from elbow towards wrist.
 The illusion was discovered by Frank Geldard and Carl Sherrick of Princeton University, in the early 1970s, and further characterized by Geldard (1982) and in many subsequent studies.
 Geldard and Sherrick likened the perception to that of a rabbit hopping along the skin, giving the phenomenon its name.
 While the rabbit illusion has been most extensively studied in the tactile domain, analogous sensory saltation illusions have been observed in audition and vision.
 The word "saltation" refers to the leaping or jumping nature of the percept.
Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale is a 2007 animated holiday themed fantasy comedy direct-to-video film starring "Tom and Jerry" produced by Warner Bros.
 Animation and directed by Spike Brandt and Tony Cervone.
 It is loosely based on the story "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King" by E. T. A. Hoffmann, with Jerry in the role of the Nutcracker, while Tom played one of the King Mouse's (who, in this version, is replaced with a cat) henchmen.

Question: Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale is an example of what type of motion picture that makes the illusion of motion and change by the rapid succession of sequential images that minimally differ from each other?
Answer: Animation