The Council of Ministers was the governmental organ in the "Democratic Republic of Afghanistan" and later the Republic of Afghanistan.
 The leader of the Council of Ministers chose ministers for the different ministeral posts in the country.
 Under the leadership of Nur Mohammad Taraki, Hafizullah Amin and Babrak Karmal the council underwent massive changes.
 Under the rule of Karmal, there were 20 out 24 ministers that belonged to the Parcham faction and the remaining belonged to the political faction Khalq.
The Gang of Four in the politics of Afghanistan was a group consisting of Aslam Watanjar, Sayed Muhammad Gulabzoy, Sherjan Mazdoryar and Assadulah Sarwari who supported Nur Muhammad Taraki in his power struggle against Hafizullah Amin.
Pul-e-Charkhi (Persian: زندان پل چرخی), also known as Pul-i-Charkhi or Afghan National Detention Facility, is the largest prison in Afghanistan east of Kabul.
 Construction of the jail began in the 1970s by order of former president Mohammed Daoud Khan and was completed during the 1980s.
 The prison became notorious for torture and executions after the 1978 Saur Revolution as well as during the 10 year Soviet war that followed.
 Between April 1978 and the Soviet invasion of December 1979, the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) under Nur Muhammad Taraki, executed around 27,000 political prisoners at Pul-i-Charkhi.
 The Afghan National Army's 201st Corps is based nearby Pul-e-Charkhi.
Nur Ahmed Nur (نور احمد نور), an Afghan communist, belonging to the Parcham fraction.
 Nur was one of four candidates of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan who were elected to the Afghan parliament in 1965.
 After the overthrow of the Daoud government in April 1978, Nur became Minister for Internal Affairs.
 In July the same year, Nur was removed from his office and sent to Washington as the new Afghan ambassador to the United States.
Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , "Afġānistān"), officially the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA; Dari: جمهوری دمکراتی افغانستان‎ ‎ , "Jumhūri-ye Dimukrātī-ye Afġānistān "; Pashto: دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت‎ , "Dǝ Afġānistān Dimukratī Jumhūriyat "), renamed in 1987 to the Republic of Afghanistan (Dari: جمهوری افغانستان‎ ‎ ; "Jumhūrī-ye Afġānistān "; Pashto: د افغانستان جمهوریت‎ , "Dǝ Afġānistān Jumhūriyat "), existed from 1978 to 1992 and covers the period when the socialist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) ruled Afghanistan.
 The PDPA came to power through a coup known as the Saur Revolution, which ousted the government of Mohammad Daoud Khan.
 Daoud was succeeded by Nur Muhammad Taraki as head of state and government on 30 April 1978.
 Taraki and Hafizullah Amin, the organiser of the Saur Revolution, introduced several contentious reforms during their rule, the most notable being equal rights to women, universal education and land reform.
 Soon after taking power a power struggle began between the Khalqists led by Taraki and Amin and the Parchamites led by Babrak Karmal.
 The Khalqists won and the Parcham faction was purged from the party.
 The most prominent Parcham leaders were exiled to the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union.
The Afghan Women's Council (AWC) (also known as the "Women's Council") was an organization under the "Democratic Republic of Afghanistan" (1978-87) and the Republic of Afghanistan between (1987-1992).
 Until 1989 the leader of the organization was Masuma Esmati-Wardak, Wardak was not a member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and in 1991 she became Minister of Education.
 The organization was run by Wardak and a staff of eight women.
 Some of these staff members were also members of the PDPA.
 When the communist regime in 1978 under Nur Muhammad Taraki the government gave equal rights to women.
 Women now had the ability to choose their husbands, education-- they had the ability to make decisions about their own lives.
 The membership of the AWC was around 150,000 around the country and had branches and bases in all Afghan provinces with the exception of Wardak and Katawaz.
 Most of the women in Kabul resisted the Mujahideen because of their retrogressive laws concerning women.
Nur Muhammad Taraki (15 July 1917 – 8 or 9 October 1979) was an Afghan politician and statesman during the Cold War.
 Taraki was born near Kabul and educated at Kabul University, after which he started his political career as a journalist.
 He later became one of the founding members of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and was elected as the party's general secretary at its first congress.
 He ran as a candidate in the 1965 Afghan parliamentary election but failed to secure himself a seat.
 In 1966 he published the first issue of "Khalq", a party newspaper, but it was closed down shortly afterwards by the Afghan Government.
 The assassination of Mir Akbar Khyber led Taraki, along with Hafizullah Amin (the organiser of the revolution) and Babrak Karmal, to initiate the Saur Revolution and establish the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
Ghulam Hassan Safi (1902–1984) (Safi alternative spelling for Safay, Sapi, Saapai etc.) was a prominent Afghan politician and diplomat.
 He was one of the founding members of Afghan political movement Weesh Zalmyan (Awakened Youth).
 Other founding members of the movement were Qazi Bahram, Abdul Hadi Tokhay, Mohammad Rasul Pashtun, Fayz Mohammad Angar, Gul Pacha Ulfat, Qiamuddin Khadem, Ghulam Mohayuddin Zurmulwal, Abdur Raof Benawa, Nur Mohammad Taraki, and others.
Khalq ("Masses" or "People" in Pashto) was a faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan.
 Its historical leaders were Presidents Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin.
 It was also the name of the leftist newspaper produced by the same movement.
 It was supported by the USSR and was formed in 1965 when the PDPA was born.
 The Khalqist wing of the party was made up primarily of Pashtuns from non-elite classes.
 However, their Marxism was often a vehicle for tribal resentments.
 Bitter resentment between the Khalq and Parcham factions eventually led to the failure of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan that was formed as a result of the Saur Revolution.
 It was also responsible for the radical reforms that encouraged the rebellion of the religious segments present in the Afghan society, which led to the creation of the Mujahideen and, eventually, to the Soviet military intervention in December 1979.
Nur ul-Haq Ulumi (sometimes spelt Noorolhagh Oloumi, or Noorulhaq Olumi) (born 15 August 1941) is an Afghan politician, who served as a Member of the House of the People from 2005 to 2010.
 Ulumi previously served in the Afghan Army during the Afghan Civil War, and left service with the rank of Lieutenant General.
 He is currently the leader of the National United Party of Afghanistan, a small left-wing and secular party in Afghanistan that is a member of the National Coalition of Afghanistan.
 He was formerly a member of the Parcham faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan.

Question: Nur Muhammad Taraki was an Afghan politician and statesman during the Cold War, he published the first issue of which faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, newspaper? 
Answer: Khalq