In both moral and political philosophy, the social contract or political contract is a theory or model, originating during the Age of Enlightenment, that typically addresses the questions of the origin of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual.
 Social contract arguments typically posit that individuals have consented, either explicitly or tacitly, to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler or magistrate (or to the decision of a majority), in exchange for protection of their remaining rights.
 The question of the relation between natural and legal rights, therefore, is often an aspect of social contract theory.
 The term takes its name from "The Social Contract" ("Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique"), a 1762 book by Jean-Jacques Rousseau that discussed this concept.
Popular sovereignty, or the sovereignty of the people's rule, is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.
 It is closely associated with social contract philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
 Popular sovereignty expresses a concept and does not necessarily reflect or describe a political reality.
 The people have the final say in government decisions.
 Benjamin Franklin expressed the concept when he wrote, "In free governments, the rulers are the servants and the people their superiors and sovereigns".
Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men (French: "Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes" ), also commonly known as the "Second Discourse", is a work by philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
The Social Contract, or Of the Social Contract, or Principles of Political Law (French: "Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique" ; 1762) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, is a book in which Rousseau theorized about the best way to establish a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society, which he had already identified in his "Discourse on Inequality" (1754).
John Locke {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".
 Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory.
 His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy.
 His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries.
 His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.
Patrick Thomas Riley (October 27, 1941 – March 10, 2015) was Michael Oakeshott Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
 He is notable for his translations of the political writings of Gottfried Leibniz and his research on social contract theory, the general will, and the history of universal jurisprudence.
 His first book, "Will and Political Legitimacy", offered "a critical exposition of social contract theory in Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, and Hegel."
 In "Leibniz' Universal Jurisprudence", Riley detailed the social, moral, and political philosophy of Leibniz, arguing for the English-speaking world that Leibniz was the most important German philosopher before Kant.
 He has also written extensively on the general will of Rousseau and Kant's political philosophy.
 He was the editor of the "Cambridge Companion to Rousseau," and Leibniz's political writings for Cambridge University Press.
A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences (1750), also known as Discourse on the Sciences and Arts (French: "Discours sur les sciences et les arts") and commonly referred to as The First Discourse, is an essay by Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau which argued that the arts and sciences corrupt human morality.
 It was Rousseau's first successful published philosophical work, and it was the first expression of his influential views about nature vs. society, to which he would dedicate the rest of his intellectual life.
 This work is considered one of his most important works.
The Racial Contract is a book by professor Charles W. Mills in which Mills puts forth his political philosophy regarding the role of race in the formation of the social contract.
 Mills argues that racism is at the core of the “social contract”, rather than racism being an unintended result attributed to the failings of imperfect men.
 Specifically, the Racial Contract is a tacit and at times explicit agreement among members of the tribes of Europe to assert, promote, and maintain the ideal of white supremacy as against all other tribes of the world.
 This intention is deliberate and an integral characteristic of the social contract, a characteristic which persists to the present day.
 In Mills’ words, “…what has usually been taken...as the racist ‘exception’ has really been the rule; what has been taken as the ‘rule’…[racial equality]…has really been the exception.”
Rousseau, Judge of Jean-Jacques (French: "Rousseau juge de Jean-Jacques") is a book written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
 Rousseau's objective in writing this book was to respond to what he believed were slanderous and defamatory attacks on his reputation by his enemies.
 He began writing it in 1772, and completed it in 1776.
 The book is in the form of three dialogues between two characters, a "Frenchman" and "Rousseau", who argue about the merits and demerits of a third character--an author called "Jean-Jacques".
 It has been described as Rousseau's most unreadable work; in the book's foreword, he concedes that the book might be repetitious and disorderly, but begs the reader's indulgence on the ground that he needs to defend his reputation from slander while he is still alive.
Patrick G. Riley is Michael Oakeshott Professor-emeritus of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin.
 He is notable for his translations of the political writings of Gottfried Leibniz and his research on social contract theory and the history of universal jurisprudence.
 His book, "Leibniz' Universal Jurisprudence" details the social, moral, and political philosophy of Leibniz and introduced Leibniz to the English-speaking world as the most important German philosopher before Kant.
 He has also written extensively on the general will of Rousseau and Kant's political philosophy.
 He is the editor of the "Cambridge Companion to Rousseau."

Question: The Social Contract, or Of the Social Contract, or Principles of Political Law, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, is a book in which Rousseau theorized about the best way to establish a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society, which he had already identified in what is commonly known as the "Second Discourse", this work by this philosopher is titled what?
Answer: Discourse on Inequality