The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.
 The Russian Empire collapsed with the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917 (March in the Gregorian calendar; the older Julian calendar was in use in Russia at the time).
 Alongside it arose grassroots community assemblies (called 'soviets') which contended for authority.
 In the second revolution that October, the Provisional Government was toppled and all power was given to the soviets.
Flight without End (German: Die Flucht ohne Ende ) is a 1927 novel by the Austrian writer Joseph Roth.
Radetzky March (German: "Radetzkymarsch" ) is a 1932 novel by Joseph Roth chronicling the decline and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire via the story of the Trotta family.
 "Radetzkymarsch" is an early example of a story that features the recurring participation of a historical figure, in this case the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria (1830–1916).
 Roth continues his account of the Trotta family to the time of the Anschluss in his "The Emperor's Tomb" ("Kapuzinergruft", 1938).
 The novel was published in English translation in 1933, and in a new, more literal, translation in 1995.
Rebellion (German: Die Rebellion ) is a 1924 novel by the Austrian writer Joseph Roth.
 It tells the story of a war veteran who has become a street musician after losing one leg.
 The novel was published in the newspaper "Vorwärts" from 27 July to 29 August 1924.
 It has been adapted for television twice: in 1962 by Wolfgang Staudte, and in 1993 by Michael Haneke.
The Wandering Jews is a short non-fiction book (1926–27) by Joseph Roth about the plight of the Jews in the mid-1920s who, with other refugees and displaced persons in the aftermath of the First World War, the Russian Revolution and the redrawing of national frontiers following the Treaty of Versailles, had fled to the West from the Baltic States, Poland and Russia.
 "They sought shelter in cities and towns where most of them had never been and , unfortunately, where they were made despicably unwelcome."
 Poverty stricken villagers, they were set apart by their origins, their piety and their dress.
 In the last five months of 1926 he visited the Soviet Union where he wrote the final section, "The Condition of the Jews in Soviet Russia".
 Walter Jens called it the best book on its subject in German.
 An English translation by Michael Hofmann was published in 2001.
The Emperor's Tomb (German: Die Kapuzinergruft ) is a 1938 novel by the Austrian writer Joseph Roth.
 The Overlook Press published an English translation by John Hoare in 1984.
 The novel was adapted into the 1971 film "Trotta" directed by Johannes Schaaf.
 New Directions Publishing Corporation published a new translation by Michael Hofmann in 2013.
The opera is based on Joseph Roth's novel, "Job - The Story of a Simple Man", itself inspired by the biblical "Book of Job".
 In July 1939, a dramatization of the novel was arranged in Paris in honour of Roth (who had died in May 1939) and Zeisl, who had recently arrived in Paris in flight from Nazi Germany, wrote some incidental music for this production.
 This inspired him to create a complete opera based on Roth's work, for which he persuaded his friend Hans Kafka (1902—1974) to write a libretto.
 Zeisl composed the first act by 1940, by which time he was now living in New York.
 Kafka was not able to produce the libretto for Act II until 1957.
 Zeisl completed the composition of this, but died in 1959.
Joseph Roth, born Moses Joseph Roth (2 September 1894 – 27 May 1939), was an Austrian-Jewish journalist and novelist, best known for his family saga "Radetzky March" (1932), about the decline and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, his novel of Jewish life, "Job" (1930), and his seminal essay "Juden auf Wanderschaft" (1927; translated into English in "The Wandering Jews"), a fragmented account of the Jewish migrations from eastern to western Europe in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution.
 In the 21st century, publications in English of "Radetzky March" and of collections of his journalism from Berlin and Paris created a revival of interest in Roth.
Children of Divorce is a 1927 American silent romantic drama film directed by Frank Lloyd and starring Clara Bow, Esther Ralston, and Gary Cooper.
 Adapted from the 1927 novel of the same name by Owen Johnson, and written by Louis D. Lighton, Hope Loring, Alfred Hustwick, and Adela Rogers St. Johns, the film is about a young flapper who tricks her wealthy friend into marrying her during a night of drunken revelry.
 Even though she knows that he is in love with another woman, she refuses to grant him a divorce and repeat the mistake of her divorced parents.
 Produced by Jesse L. Lasky, E. Lloyd Sheldon, and Adolph Zukor for the Famous Players-Lasky, the film was released on April 25, 1927 by Paramount Pictures.
What I Saw: Reports from Berlin, 1920-1933 is a book of reportage by the Austrian writer Joseph Roth from the era of the Weimar Republic.
 The selection of pieces from Roth's large journalistic output was made by Michael Bienert and published in German in 1996.
 The English translation with the present title was made by Michael Hofmann and appeared in 2003.

Question: Which year did the revolution, which Joseph Roth depicted in his 1927 novel "The Wandering Jews," begin?
Answer: 1917