Afghanistan is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia and South Asia.
 The Afghanistan area has been invaded many times in recorded history, but no invader has been able to control all of its regions at the same time, and at some point faced rebellion.
 Some of the invaders in the history of Afghanistan include the Maurya Empire of ancient India, Alexander the Great of Macedon, Umar, an Arab Caliphate, Genghis Khan of Mongolia, Timur of Persia and Central Asia, the Mughal Empire of India, various Persian Empires, the British Empire, the Sikh Empire, the Soviet Union, and most recently a coalition force of NATO troops, the majority from the United States, which entered the country in the first-ever invocation of NATO's Article 5 "an attack on one is an attack on all" following the September 11 attacks in the United States.
 The country is now entitled the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and has a democratically elected government.
 A reduced number of NATO troops remain in the country in support of the government under the U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement.
Uzbekistan is a country of Central Asia, located north of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.
 With an area of 447,000 square kilometers (approximately the size of Spain or California), Uzbekistan stretches 1,425 kilometers from west to east and 930 kilometers from north to south.
 Bordering Turkmenistan to the southwest, Kazakhstan to the north, and Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to the south and east, Uzbekistan is not only one of the larger Central Asian states but also the only Central Asian state to border all of the other four.
 Uzbekistan also shares a short border with Afghanistan to the south.
 As the Caspian Sea is an inland sea with no direct link to the oceans, Uzbekistan is one of only two "doubly landlocked" countries—countries completely surrounded by other landlocked countries.
 The other is Liechtenstein.
Kazakhstan ( , ; Kazakh: Қазақстан , "Qazaqstan", ] ; Russian: Казахстан , "Kazakhstan"), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы , "Qazaqstan Respwblïkası"; Russian: Республика Казахстан , "Respublika Kazakhstan"), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 km² .
 Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry.
 It also has vast mineral resources.
Central Asian Review was a journal of Central Asian Studies published from 1953 to 1968.
 The journal’s full title was Central Asian Review: A Quarterly Review of Current Developments in Soviet Central Asia and Kazakhstan and was published quarterly by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with St. Antony's College, Oxford University.
 Founder and director of the center, Geoffrey Wheeler was the editor-in-chief and frequent contributor to the journal.
Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe.
 Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 km² .
 Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry.
 It also has vast mineral resources.
A tubeteika or tübätäy (Kyrgyz: Тебетей , Tatar: Түбәтәй , Turkmen:Tahiya, Russian: Тюбетейка ) is a Central Asian cap, today worn in Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan, as well as in Muslim-populated regions of Russia (mainly Tatars).
 The tubeteika is worn typically by the Turkic ethnic groups of the region.
 It bears some superficial resemblance to the yurt, another Central Asian cultural icon.
 The cap is called in Uzbek "duppi" or "kalpoq" and is considered an applied art form and an important part of the traditional folk costume.
 Black with a flat, square base, The "-ka" at the end is a Russian diminutive, as with shapka, ushanka and budenovka.
 In Chust the caps are made with white embrodiery with "four arches [which] represent impenetrable gates that will keep all enemies at bay; the burning peppers protect against the evil eye; and the almonds or "bodom" are said to symbolise life and fertility".
Central Asian Arabic is a variety of Arabic spoken in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, and currently facing extinction.
 It was once spoken among Central Asia's numerous settled and nomadic Arab communities, which inhabited areas in Samarqand, Bukhara, Qashqadarya, Surkhandarya (present-day Uzbekistan), and Khatlon (present-day Tajikistan), as well as Afghanistan.
 The first wave of Arabs migrated to this region in the 8th century during the Muslim conquests and was later joined by groups of Arabs from Balkh and Andkhoy (present-day Afghanistan).
 Owing to heavy Islamic influences, Arabic quickly became the common language of science and literature of the epoch.
 Most Central Asian Arabs lived in isolated communities and did not favour intermarriages with the local population.
 This factor helped their language survive in a multilingual milieu until the 20th century.
 By the 1880s many Arab pastoralists had migrated to northern Afghanistan from what is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan following the Russian conquest of Central Asia.
 These Arabs nowadays speak no Arabic having adapted to Dari and Uzbek.
Denis Sinor (born Dénes Zsinór, April 17, 1916 in Kolozsvár (Austria-Hungary, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) – January 12, 2011 in Bloomington, Indiana) was a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Central Asian Studies at the Department of Central Eurasian Studies at Indiana University and a tenured lecturer at Cambridge University between 1948 and 1962, and was one of the world's leading scholars for the history of Central Asia.
 Under his directorship, the Central Asian Studies at Indiana University became one of the world's foremost centers for Central Asian history, languages and linguistics.
 He grew up in Hungary and Switzerland and went to university in Budapest.
 During the Second World War, he was a member of the French resistance, served in the French army, and became a French citizen.
 Sinor wrote eight books and edited an additional thirteen.
 He authored more than 160 articles in several languages such as English, German, French, Hungarian, Russian and many other, more than 150 book reviews, and also contributed to "Encyclopædia Britannica".
 Sinor also served as editor of the Journal of Asian History starting with the publication's inception in 1967.
The Cinema of Central Asia refers to the cinema of the five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan).
 Central Asian cinema can further be divided into three historical periods, Soviet Central Asian film (1919–1987), a New Wave of Central Asian film (1988–1992), and the modern period of film of the independent Central Asian countries (1992–present).
Central Asia is a diverse land with many ethnic groups, languages, religions and tribes.
 The nations which make up Central Asia are five of the former Soviet republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, which have a total population of about /1e6 round 0 million.
 Afghanistan is not always considered part of the region, but when it is, Central Asia has a total population of about 122 million (2016).
 Additionally, Pakistan has a large population of central Asian peoples even though it is not categorized as a central Asian nation.
 Most central Asians belong to religions which were introduced to the area within the last 1,500 years, such as Sunni Islam, Shia Islam, Ismaili Islam, Tengriism, and Syriac Christianity.
 Buddhism, however, was introduced to Central Asia over 2,200 years ago, and Zoroastrianism, over 2,500 years ago.

Question: A Tubeteika is a Central Asian cap, today worn in which Central Asia country, is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world?
Answer: Republic of Kazakhstan