Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge.
 A battery is a good example of a DC power supply.
 Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams.
 The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC).
 A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current.
Bernard Lown (born June 7, 1921) is the original developer of the DC defibrillator and the cardioverter, as well as a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
 Lown developed the direct current defibrillator for cardiac resuscitation and the cardioverter for correcting rapid disordered heart rhythms, and introduced a new use for the drug lidocaine to control heartbeat disturbances.
Life support refers to the treatments and techniques performed in an emergency in order to support life after the failure of one or more vital organs.
 Healthcare providers and emergency medical technicians are generally certified to perform basic and advanced life support procedures; however, basic life support is sometimes provided at the scene of an emergency by family members or bystanders before emergency services arrive.
 In the case of cardiac injuries, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is initiated by bystanders or family members 25% of the time.
 Basic life support techniques, such as performing CPR on a victim of cardiac arrest, can double or even triple that patient's chance of survival.
 Other types of basic life support include relief from choking (which can be done by using the Heimlich maneuver), staunching of bleeding by direct compression and elevation above the heart (and if necessary, pressure on arterial pressure points and the use of a manufactured or improvised tourniquet), first aid, and the use of an automated external defibrillator.
A bag valve mask, abbreviated to BVM and sometimes known by the proprietary name Ambu bag or generically as a manual resuscitator or "self-inflating bag", is a hand-held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately.
 The device is a required part of resuscitation kits for trained professionals in out-of-hospital settings (such as ambulance crews) and is also frequently used in hospitals as part of standard equipment found on a crash cart, in emergency rooms or other critical care settings.
 Underscoring the frequency and prominence of BVM use in the United States, the American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care recommend that "all healthcare providers should be familiar with the use of the bag-mask device."
 Manual resuscitators are also used within the hospital for temporary ventilation of patients dependent on mechanical ventilators when the mechanical ventilator needs to be examined for possible malfunction, or when ventilator-dependent patients are transported within the hospital.
 Two principal types of manual resuscitators exist; one version is self-filling with air, although additional oxygen (O) can be added but is not necessary for the device to function.
 The other principal type of manual resuscitator (flow-inflation) is heavily used in non-emergency applications in the operating room to ventilate patients during anesthesia induction and recovery.
A high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system (also called a power super highway or an electrical super highway) uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current (AC) systems.
 For long-distance transmission, HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses.
 For underwater power cables, HVDC avoids the heavy currents required to charge and discharge the cable capacitance each cycle.
 For shorter distances, the higher cost of DC conversion equipment compared to an AC system may still be justified, due to other benefits of direct current links.
The Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) is a tool used to estimate a patient's risk of perioperative cardiac complications.
 The RCRI and similar clinical prediction tools are derived by looking for an association between preoperative variables (e.g., patient's age, type of surgery, comorbid diagnoses, or laboratory data) and the risk for cardiac complications in a cohort of surgical patients (the "derivation cohort").
 Variables that have independent predictive value in a logistic regression analysis are incorporated into the risk index.
 Ideally, the accuracy and validity of the risk index is then tested in a separate cohort (the "validation cohort").
 In 1977 Goldman, et al., developed the first cardiac risk index, which included nine variables associated with an increased risk of perioperative cardiac complications.
 This became known as the Original Cardiac Risk Index (or alternatively the Goldman Index).
 In 1999, Lee et al. published a cardiac risk index derived from 2893 patients and validated in 1422 patients aged ≥ 50 undergoing major noncardiac surgery, which became known as the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI).
 Lee identified six independent variables that predicted an increased risk for cardiac complications.
 A patient's risk for perioperative cardiac complications increased with number of variables that were present.
A shunt generator is a type of direct current electric generator in which field winding and armature winding are connected in parallel, and in which the armature supplies both the load current and the field current.
 A direct current (DC) generator, not using a permanent magnet, requires a DC field current for excitation.
 The field may be "separately excited" by a source of DC, such as a battery, or "self excited" by being connected to the armature of the generator so that the generator also provides the energy required for the field current.
Precordial thump is a medical procedure used in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia under certain conditions.
 The procedure has a very low success rate, but may be used in those with witnessed, monitored onset of one of the "shockable" cardiac rhythms if a defibrillator is not immediately available.
 It should not delay cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation, nor should it be used in those with unwitnessed or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
The Lown Institute, formerly the Lown Cardiovascular Research Foundation, is a non-profit organization founded by Dr. Bernard Lown.
 The organization was renamed The Lown Institute in 2012 to reflect a shift from primarily cardiovascular research toward a broader focus on medical overuse and underuse.
Cardioversion is a medical procedure by which an abnormally fast heart rate (tachycardia) or other cardiac arrhythmia is converted to a normal rhythm using electricity or drugs.
 Synchronized electrical cardioversion uses a therapeutic dose of electric current to the heart at a specific moment in the cardiac cycle, restoring the activity of the electrical conduction system of the heart.
 (Defibrillation uses a therapeutic dose of electric current to the heart at a random moment in the cardiac cycle, and is the most effective resuscitation measure for cardiac arrest associated with ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia.)
 Pharmacologic cardioversion, also called chemical cardioversion, uses antiarrhythmia medication instead of an electrical shock.

Question: What was the original name of the institution that is currently named after the man who developed the direct current defibrillator for cardiac resuscitation ?
Answer: the Lown Cardiovascular Research Foundation