Jean-Paul Penin is a graduate of the Strasbourg Conservatory of Music (double bass, chamber music, 1978) and the University of Strasbourg where he obtained a PhD.
 in biophysics in 1974 and a Master's degree in musicology in 1978.
 He went on to the Paris Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique where he studied musicology with Yves Gérard in 1978.
 He was a Fulbright scholar in 1979 at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music where he studied analysis with John Coolidge Adams and obtained a M.A. in conducting.
Nixon v. General Services Administration, 433 U.S 425 (1977), is a landmark court case concerning the principle of presidential privilege and whether the public is allowed to view a President’s “confidential documents”.
 The Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act, signed into law by President Gerald Ford in 1974, ordered that the Administrator of General Services obtain President Richard Nixon’s presidential papers and tape recordings.
 In addition, the Act further ordered that government archivists seize these materials.
 These archivists would preserve the material deemed historic and return to former President Nixon the materials deemed as private.
 Furthermore, this Act stated that material that was preserved could be used in judicial hearings and proceedings.
 Immediately after this Act was enacted, Richard Nixon filed a lawsuit in a federal district court claiming that the Act violated the principle of separation of powers, the principle of presidential privilege, Nixon’s personal privacy, his First Amendment right of association, and further asserted that it amounted to a constitutionally prohibited Bill of Attainder.
Billy Zeoli is an American evangelical media executive producer from Grand Rapids, Michigan who once served as a White house chaplain to U.S. President Gerald R. Ford and Betty Ford during the mid-1970s and who offered advice as a spiritual counselor to President Ford on the question of issuing a pardon to former U.S. President Richard Nixon, who had resigned following the Watergate scandal as a result of the June 17, 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement.
United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision which resulted in a unanimous 8–0 ruling against President Richard Nixon, ordering him to deliver presidential tape recordings and other subpoenaed materials to the District Court.
 Issued on July 24, 1974, the ruling was important to the late stages of the Watergate scandal, when there was an ongoing impeachment process against Richard Nixon.
 "United States v. Nixon" is considered a crucial precedent limiting the power of any U.S. president to claim executive privilege.
Nixon in China is an opera in three acts by John Adams, with a libretto by Alice Goodman.
 Adams' first opera, it was inspired by U.S. President Richard Nixon's visit to China in 1972.
 The work premiered at the Houston Grand Opera on October 22, 1987, in a production by Peter Sellars with choreography by Mark Morris.
 When Sellars approached Adams with the idea for the opera in 1985, Adams was initially reluctant, but eventually decided that the work could be a study in how myths come to be, and accepted the project.
 Goodman's libretto was the result of considerable research into Nixon's visit, though she disregarded most sources published after the 1972 trip.
U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to the People's Republic of China was an important step in formally normalizing relations between the United States and China.
 It marked the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC, which at that time considered the U.S. one of its foes, and the visit ended 25 years of separation between the two sides.
Jenn Gotzon (born May 18, 1979) is an American film actress, international model, motivational speaker & author who had her career break portraying U.S. President Richard Nixon's daughter Tricia Nixon in Ron Howard's 2009 Academy Award-Nominated film "Frost/Nixon" opposite Frank Langella.
 Since 2010, Gotzon starred in many uplifting and redemptive feature films, including, mystery-drama "Doonby" opposite John Schneider, Robert Davi, Ernie Hudson, 2014 Oscar Nominated (rescinded) inspirational French and Indian War true-story "Alone yet Not Alone", comedy-drama "God's Country" opposite Daniel Hugh Kelly, NSA cyber war-thriller "Dragon Day", inspirational drama "I Am Gabriel" (Dean Cain, Gavin Casalegno (Young Shem in Noah), first silent evangelical feature film "The Good Book", "Dante's Hell Documented" portraying heroine Beatrice alongside Dante portrayed by Eric Roberts, inspirational rom-com "Princess Cut", hysterical sitcom TV pilots "Shelter" (Alicia Minshew) and "Heaven Help Us" (Nancy Stafford, Lee Meriweather), 2014 award-winning music video by Lamon Records "Walls" by artist Sean Guerrero.
A memorandum known as the Zilch memo was an American government document sent by National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger to President Richard Nixon on January 3, 1972, about the military situation in Laos during the Vietnam War.
 On the memo, in his own handwriting, Nixon described the decade-long bombing campaign by the United States in Southeast Asia as a "failure," having achieved "zilch," despite public comments to the contrary.
 Just the day before, January 2, Nixon told CBS News reporter Dan Rather in an interview that the bombing was "very, very effective."
 Previously missing from the Richard Nixon Library, the memo was discovered in the possession of Alexander Butterfield, who served as the Deputy Assistant to President Nixon from 1969 to 1973, by "Washington Post" reporter Bob Woodward, who subsequently published it in his 2015 book "The Last of the President's Men".
John Coolidge Adams (born February 15, 1947) is an American composer of classical music and opera, with strong roots in minimalism.
The phrase "Nixon goes to China", "Nixon to China", or "Nixon in China" is a historical reference to United States President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to the People's Republic of China, where he met with Chairman Mao Zedong.
 The metaphor is often expressed as the observation "Only Nixon could go to China" or "It took Nixon to go to China".

Question: John Coolidge Adams is an American composer of classical music and opera whose first opera was inspired by U.S. President Richard Nixon's visit to China in what year?
Answer: 1972