The First War of Kappel ("Erster Kappelerkrieg") was an armed conflict in 1529 between the Protestant and the Catholic cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the Reformation in Switzerland.
 It ended, without any battle having been fought, with the first peace of Kappel ("Erster Landfriede").
The wars of Kappel ("Kappelerkriege") is a collective term for two armed conflicts fought near Kappel am Albis between the Protestant and the Roman Catholic cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the Reformation in Switzerland.
Ernst Nievergelt (23 March 1910 – 1 July 1999) was a cyclist from Switzerland.
 He was born in Affoltern, Zurich, Switzerland, and died in Kappel am Albis.
Instrumental Marxism, or elite model, is a theory which reasons that policy makers in government and positions of power tend to “share a common business or class background, and that their decisions will reflect their business or class interests.”
 It tends to view the state and law as ultimately an instrument or tool for individuals of the economically dominant class to use for their own purposes, particularly maintaining economic exploitation while winning ideological assent to their hegemony.
 This view is contrasted with structural Marxism, which views the class background of policymakers, etc. as purely incidental to the "bourgeois" nature of the modern state, which is seen instead as a result of the position of the state and law in the objective structure of capitalist society, and their objective (i.e. consciousness-independent) function of reproducing the relations of production and private property, regardless of the class background of the individuals involved in the administration thereof.
 For example, whereas for instrumentalist Marxists the formal equality of contract law in capitalist societies is a kind of ideological shell or mystification used by the elite to conceal the real kernel of exploitation, for structural Marxists that formal legal equality is itself the real normative basis for properly capitalist exploitation, whether or not elites understand it as such: it allows labor-power to be traded at its real exchange-value (though not the value of its product), thus making regularity and rational allocation in labor markets possible.
Since its establishment in 1948, the modern State of Israel has been involved in a series of military operations (in addition to seven recognized wars) which all compose the military aspect of the complex Arab–Israeli conflict.
Armenians in Azerbaijan are the Armenians who lived in great numbers in the modern state of Azerbaijan and its precursor, Soviet Azerbaijan.
 According to the statistics, about 400,000 Armenians lived in Soviet Azerbaijan in 1989.
 Most of the Armenian-Azerbaijanis however had to flee the republic, like Azeris in Armenia, in the events leading up to the Nagorno-Karabakh War, a result of the ongoing Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict.
 Atrocities directed against the Armenian population have reportedly taken place in Sumgait (February 1988), Ganja (Kirovabad, November 1988) and Baku (January 1990).
 Today the vast majority of Armenians in Azerbaijan live in territory controlled by the break-away region Nagorno-Karabakh (120,700 as of 1999 Azerbaijani official statistics) which declared its unilateral act of independence in 1991 under the name Nagorno-Karabakh Republic but has not been recognised by any country, including Armenia.
The Old Swiss Confederacy (Modern German: "Alte Eidgenossenschaft "; historically "Eidgenossenschaft ", after the Reformation also "République des Suisses ", "Res publica Helvetiorum " "Republic of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states ("cantons", German "Orte" or "Stände") within the Holy Roman Empire.
 It is the precursor of the modern state of Switzerland.
The Konbaung Dynasty (Burmese: ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ် , ] ), formerly known as the Alompra Dynasty, was the last dynasty that ruled Burma/Myanmar from 1752 to 1885.
 It created the second-largest empire in Burmese history and continued the administrative reforms begun by the Toungoo Dynasty, laying the foundations of the modern state of Burma.
 The reforms, however, proved insufficient to stem the advance of the British, who defeated the Burmese in all three Anglo-Burmese wars over a six-decade span (1824–1885) and ended the millennium-old Burmese monarchy in 1885.
The history of Iranian peoples in Europe stretches back as far as 750 BC, when a Proto-Scythian culture thrived in Eastern Europe (mostly modern-day Ukraine and Russia).
 "Iranian peoples" is a collective term comprising several ethnic groups whose common origin stems from the Proto-Iranians of Central Asia, and having little to do with the modern state Iran, much as "Germanic" is not directly related to the modern state of Germany.
The Protestant Reformation in Switzerland was promoted initially by Huldrych Zwingli, who gained the support of the magistrate (Mark Reust) and population of Zürich in the 1520s.
 It led to significant changes in civil life and state matters in Zürich and spread to several other cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
 Seven cantons remained Roman Catholic, though, which led to inter-cantonal wars known as the Wars of Kappel.
 After the victory of the Catholic cantons in 1531, they proceeded to institute counter-reformatory policies in some regions.
 The schism and distrust between Catholic and Protestant cantons would define their interior politics and paralyse any common foreign policy until well into the 18th century.

Question: What precursor of the modern state of Switzerland was involved in the Wars of Kappel?
Answer: Old Swiss Confederacy