The Battle of Manilla (1500s) was fought in Manila between forcess of the Kingdom of Tondo led by their Senapati, Lakan Sukwo, and the soldiers of the Sultanate of Brunei led by Sultan Bolkiah, the singing captain.
 The aftermath of the battle was the formation of an alliance between the newly established Kingdom of Maynila (Selurong) and the Sultanate of Brunei, to crush the power of the Kingdom of Tondo and the subsequent installation of the Pro-Islamic Rajah Sulaiman into power.
 Furthermore, Sultan Bolkiah's victory over Sulu and Seludong (modern day Manila), as well as his marriages to Laila Mecanai, the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra (an uncle of Sharifa Mahandun married to Nakhoda Angging or Maharaja Anddin of Sulu), and to the daughter of Datu Kemin, widened Brunei's influence in the Philippines.
Q150 was the sequicentenary (150th anniversary) of the Separation of Queensland from New South Wales in 1859.
 Separation established the Colony of Queensland which became the State of Queensland in 1901 as part of the Federation of Australia.
 Q150 was celebrated in 2009.
Hwicce (Old English: /ʍi:kt͡ʃe/ (hw-eek-chay) was a tribal kingdom in Anglo-Saxon England.
 According to the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", the kingdom was established in 577, after the Battle of Deorham.
 After 628, the kingdom became a client or sub-kingdom of Mercia as a result of the Battle of Cirencester.
The conception of the separation of powers has been applied to the United Kingdom and the nature of its executive (UK government, Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive), judicial (England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) and legislative (UK Parliament, Scottish Parliament, National Assembly for Wales and Northern Ireland Assembly) functions.
 Historically, the apparent merger of the executive and the legislature, with a powerful Prime Minister drawn from the largest party in parliament and usually with a safe majority, led theorists to contend that the separation of powers is not applicable to the United Kingdom.
 However, in recent years it does seem to have been adopted as a necessary part of the UK constitution.
The Battle of the Conwy took place in 881 between King Anarawd and his brothers of the northern Welsh Kingdom of Gwynedd and a Mercian army almost certainly led by Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians.
 The Welsh were victorious, and the battle ended the traditional hegemony of Mercia over north Wales and contributed to Æthelred's decision to accept the lordship of King Alfred the Great of Wessex.
 This united the Anglo-Saxons who were not living under Viking rule under Alfred, and was a step towards the creation of the kingdom of England.
 Anarawd allied himself with the Vikings shortly after the battle, but he then abandoned this alliance to follow Æthelred in accepting Alfred's lordship.
According to some early medieval sources, the Siege of Exeter or Siege of Caer-Uisc was a military conflict that took place in or around 630 CE, between the Mercians, led by Penda of Mercia, and the Britons occupying Caer-Uisc (Exeter) in the kingdom of Dumnonia.
 Penda is said to have laid siege to the town until the exiled British High King Cadwallon of Gwynedd, arrived to confront him.
 An alliance between British and Mercian forces followed, secured by Cadwallon's marriage to Alcfrith, Penda's sister, and they marched north to face the armies of Northumbria (who were occpying Gwynedd) at the Battle of Cefn Digoll.
The Metropolitan Poor Act 1867 was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, the first in a series of major reforms that led to the gradual separation of the Poor Law's medical functions from its poor relief functions.
 It also led to the creation of a separate administrative authority the Metropolitan Asylums Board.
The Battle of the Black Mountain (also Capmany or Sierra Negra or Del Roure or Montroig) was fought from 17 to 20 November 1794 between the army of the First French Republic and the allied armies of the Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Portugal.
 The French, led by Jacques François Dugommier defeated the Allies, who were commanded by Luis Firmín de Carvajal, Conde de la Unión.
 Though the Spanish right wing held, its left flank was driven back on the first day's fighting.
 On the last day of the battle, the French overran a key position and put the Spanish army to rout.
 The battle was remarkable in that both army commanders were slain.
 A Spanish artillery shell killed Dugommier early in the battle and Dominique Catherine de Pérignon assumed command of the French army.
 De la Union was shot dead while leading a cavalry charge on the last day of the fighting and was temporarily replaced by Jerónimo Girón-Moctezuma, Marquis de las Amarilas.
 The French victory led to the capture of Figueres and the Siege of Roses (Rosas), a port in Catalonia.
The Battle of Cefn Digoll, also known as the Battle of the Long Mynd was a battle fought in 630 at Long Mountain near Welshpool in modern-day Wales.
 The battle was fought between the Northumbrian army of King Edwin of Northumbria and an anti-Northumbrian alliance between King Cadwallon of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia.
 The battle ended the Northumbrian domination of Gwynedd, and preceded a Welsh campaign into Northumbria, which led to Edwin's death at the Battle of Hatfield Chase.
The Battle of Deorham (or Dyrham) was a decisive military encounter between the West Saxons and the Britons of the West Country in 577.
 The battle, which was a major victory for the Wessex forces led by Ceawlin and his son, Cuthwine, resulted in the capture of the Brythonic cities of Glevum (Gloucester), Corinium Dobunnorum (Cirencester) and Aquae Sulis (Bath).
 It also led to the permanent cultural and ethnic separation of Dumnonia (Devon and Cornwall) from Wales.

Question: What kingdom was established after the battle that led to the separation of Dumnonia from Wales?
Answer: Hwicce