The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
 Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development.
 Operational missions launched numerous satellites, conducted science experiments in orbit, and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS).
 The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982.
HMCS "Fredericton" is a "Halifax"-class frigate that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1994.
 "Fredericton" is the eighth ship in her class which is based on the Canadian Patrol Frigate Project.
 She is the second vessel to carry the name.
 "Fredericton" serves on MARLANT missions protecting Canada's sovereignty in the Atlantic Ocean and enforcing Canadian laws in its territorial sea and Exclusive Economic Zone.
 "Fredericton" has also been deployed on missions throughout the Atlantic and to the Indian Ocean; specifically the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea on anti-terrorism operations.
 "Fredericton" has also participated in several NATO missions, patrolling the Atlantic Ocean as part of Standing Naval Force Atlantic (STANAVFORLANT) and its successor Standing NATO Response Force Maritime Group 1 (SNMG1).
 The frigate is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and is homeported at CFB Halifax.
HMS "Defender" was a D-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s.
 The ship was initially assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet before she was transferred to the China Station in early 1935.
 She was temporarily deployed in the Red Sea during late 1935 during the Abyssinia Crisis, before returning to her assigned station where she remained until mid-1939.
 "Defender" was transferred back to the Mediterranean Fleet just before World War II began in September 1939.
 She briefly was assigned to West Africa for convoy escort duties in 1940 before returning to the Mediterranean.
 The ship participated in the Battles of Calabria, Cape Spartivento, and Cape Matapan over the next year without damage.
 "Defender" assisted in the evacuations from Greece and Crete in April–May 1941, before she began running supply missions to Tobruk, Libya in June.
 The ship was badly damaged by a German bomber on one of those missions and had to be scuttled by her consort on 11 July 1941.
NASA Astronaut Group 9 was announced on May 29, 1980, and completed their training by 1981.
 This group, composed of 19 candidates, was selected to supplement the 35 astronauts that had been selected in 1978, and marked the first time that non-Americans were trained as mission specialists with the selections of ESA astronauts Claude Nicollier and Wubbo Ockels.
 In keeping with the previous group, astronaut candidates were divided into pilots and mission specialists, with eight pilots, eleven mission specialists, and two international mission specialists within the group.
William Laurence "Bill" Todd is a Project Manager for Exploration Analogs at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas.
 He has also served as a NASA Undersea Research Team Project Lead and Spaceflight Training Simulation Supervisor at NASA JSC.
 Todd is a veteran Aquanaut of 4 missions.
 In 2001, he commanded the first NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) mission, a joint NASA-NOAA program to study human survival in the Aquarius underwater laboratory in preparation for future space exploration.
Claude Nicollier (born 2 September 1944 in Vevey, Switzerland) is the first astronaut from Switzerland.
 He has flown on four Space Shuttle missions.
 His first spaceflight (STS-46) was in 1992, and his final spaceflight (STS-103) was in 1999.
 He took part in two servicing missions to the Hubble Space Telescope (called STS-61 and STS-103).
 During his final spaceflight he participated in a spacewalk, becoming the first European Space Agency astronaut to do so during a Space Shuttle mission (previous ESA astronauts conducted spacewalks aboard "Mir", see List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999).
 In 2000 he was assigned to the Astronaut Office Extravehicular Activity Branch, while maintaining a position as Lead ESA Astronaut in Houston.
 Nicollier retired from ESA in April 2007.
The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program.
 Its official program name was "Space Transportation System (STS)", taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development.
 The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982.
 Five complete Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.
 Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); conducted science experiments in orbit; and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station.
 The Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds.
No Easy Day: The Firsthand Account of the Mission that Killed Osama bin Laden (2012) is a military memoir by a former member of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group (DEVGRU) who participated in the mission that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden.
 The book was written by Matt Bissonnette under the pen name Mark Owen.
 It details Owen's career with DEVGRU, including several combat missions in which he participated with the unit.
 At least half of the book focuses on Owen's participation in the mission that killed bin Laden.
HMS "Engadine" was a seaplane tender which served in the Royal Navy (RN) during the First World War.
 Converted from the cross-Channel packet ship SS "Engadine", she was initially fitted with temporary hangars for three seaplanes for aerial reconnaissance and bombing missions in the North Sea.
 She participated in the unsuccessful Cuxhaven Raid in late 1914 before she began a more thorough conversion in 1915 that increased her capacity to four aircraft.
 "Engadine" was transferred to the Battle Cruiser Fleet in late 1915 and participated in the Battle of Jutland in 1916 when one of her aircraft flew the first heavier-than-air reconnaissance mission during a naval battle.
 She was transferred to the Mediterranean in 1918.
Vostok 2 (Russian: Восток-2 , "Orient 2" or "East 2") was a Soviet space mission which carried cosmonaut Gherman Titov into orbit for a full day on August 6, 1961 to study the effects of a more prolonged period of weightlessness on the human body.
 Titov orbited the Earth over 17 times, exceeding the single orbit of Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1 − as well as the suborbital spaceflights of American astronauts Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom aboard their respective Mercury-Redstone 3 and 4 missions.
 Indeed, Titov's number of orbits and flight time would not be surpassed by an American astronaut until Gordon Cooper's Mercury-Atlas 9 spaceflight in May 1963.

Question: Claude Nicollier participated in 4 missions by which name that began in 1982?
Answer: Space Shuttle