The Chichesters also known as the Chichester Gang along with the Forty Thieves, Shirt Tails, and Kerryonians, were one of the oldest early 19th century Irish Five Points street gang during the mid 19th century in New York City.
 The Chichester Gang was organized by its founder John Chichester.
 The gang got their start by stealing from stores and warehouses and selling the stolen goods to local fences in the 1820s and later became involved in illegal gambling and robbery.
 Notable Chichester gang members were Thomas Reeves, Frederick McKinney, Felix Hayden, George Rice, and George Thomas.
 An ally of the Dead Rabbits against the Bowery Boys, the Chichesters maintained between 50-100 gang members lasting for more than 50 years before being absorbed by the Whyos, much like many of the early gangs, following the American Civil War in 1865.
Due to escalating gang activity and high crime rates in Oakland, California Mayor Jean Quan proposed gang injunctions in Oakland, which were passed in May, 2011.
 These highly controversial injunctions were only proposed for 2 areas of Oakland – the North side of Oakland and the Fruitvale district.
 Injunctions were placed in these areas even though the highest crime rates were located in the West Oakland and East Oakland district 6 areas.
 Opponents of the injunctions cite concerns about the high costs of implementing and maintaining them, as well as the possibility of civil rights violations.
 They also criticize the motives behind them and raise questions about the actual safety achieved and issues of gentrification.
 A gang injunction is a court-issued restraining order that prohibits named gang members from participating in a variety of specified activities.
 A "gang member" is defined as an individual who knowingly belongs to a gang, i.e. has specific intent to be a gang member.
 Under this definition, gang members have sufficient notice of what constitutes a prohibited "gang association."
 The goal of gang injunctions are to prevent criminal activity before it occurs and to end the problems that already exist.
Alvin Francis Karpis (born Albin Francis Karpavičius; August 10, 1907 – August 26, 1979), a Depression-era gangster nicknamed "Creepy" for his sinister smile and called "Ray" by his gang members, was a Canadian-born (naturalized American) criminal of Lithuanian descent known for being a leader of the Barker–Karpis gang in the 1930s.
 Karpis led the gang along with Fred Barker and Arthur "Doc" Barker.
 There were only four "public enemies" ever given the title of "Public Enemy #1" by the FBI and he was the only one to be taken alive.
 The other three, John Dillinger, Pretty Boy Floyd, and Baby Face Nelson, were all killed before being captured.
 He also spent the longest time as a federal prisoner in Alcatraz Prison, serving twenty-six years.
John Paul Chase (December 26, 1901 – October 5, 1973) was an American bank robber and Depression-era outlaw.
 He was a longtime criminal associate of the Karpis-Barker Gang and most notably Baby Face Nelson who later brought him into the John Dillinger gang.
 FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover once referred to Chase as "a rat with a patriotic-sounding name".
 Chase and Nelson continued to rob banks with John Dillinger until Dillinger's death in July 1934.
 After the death of Nelson in November 1934, Chase fled back to California where he was arrested a month later on December 27, 1934.
 Chase was sent to Alcatraz where he became one of the longest-serving inmates; (March 31, 1935 - September 21, 1954) .
Arthur R. Barker (June 4, 1899 – January 13, 1939) was an American criminal, the son of Ma Barker and a member of the Barker-Karpis gang, founded by his brother Fred Barker and Alvin Karpis.
 Generally known as "Doc", Barker was typically called on for violent action, while Fred and Karpis planned the gang's crimes.
 He was arrested and convicted of kidnapping in 1935.
 Sent to Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in 1936, he was killed three years later while attempting to escape from the Rock.
The Aggi Crew were a criminal drug gang based in the St Paul's district of Bristol.
 The name of the gang was taken from the surnames of the founding gang members.
 The gang dominated the city's drug market throughout most of the 1990s, until in 1998 six gang members were jailed after being caught with more than a £1 million worth of crack cocaine.
Robert "Yummy" Sandifer (March 12, 1983 — September 1, 1994) was an American street gang member from Chicago, Illinois.
 Sandifer's murder by fellow gang members in Chicago garnered national attention, resulting in him appearing on the cover of "TIME" magazine in September 1994.
 Nicknamed "Yummy" because of his love of cookies, standing 4 ft 6 in (137 cm) Sandifer was a young member of the street gang the Black Disciples (BD).
 After committing murder, arson and armed robbery, he was murdered by his own fellow gang members who feared he could become an informant, and that he was attracting too much attention towards their activities.
 Coverage of Sandifer's death and retrospectives on his short, violent life were widely published in the American media.
 Sandifer became a symbol of the gang problem in American inner cities, the failure of social safety nets, and the shortcomings of the juvenile justice system.
Martin McBreen or Patrick Breen (d. October 4, 1911) was an American saloonkeeper and criminal associate of the Gopher Gang.
 A well-known and colorful Hell's Kitchen figure known as Paddy the Priest, he was the owner of a Tenth Avenue saloon frequented by the Gophers and other underworld figures.
 Traditional accounts claim that McBreen was shot and killed by close friend and Gopher member John "Happy Jack" Mulraney.
 Mulraney had a facial disfigurement, caused by a partial paralysis of his face, which resembled a permanent "crooked-like" half smile.
 When McBreen asked why he did not smile on the other side of his face, Mulraney killed him over the perceived insult and robbed the till.
 When apprehended by police, Mulraney reportedly remarked to officers ""I ain't smiling on either side of my face !""
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 His murder was one of the first major trials during the first decade of the 20th century and, quoting then Governor William Sulzer, was one of the most violent to have occurred in the city's history.
The Barker-Karpis Gang was one of the longest-lived criminal gangs during the Depression Era, spanning from 1931 to 1935.
 The gang was founded by Fred Barker and Alvin Karpis, and later joined by Fred's brother Arthur "Doc" Barker.
 Along with the three core members, the gang's network spanned up to 25 members at one point.
The Kidnapping of Edward Bremer was the last major criminal enterprise of the Barker-Karpis gang.
 Though successful in netting the gang a large ransom, it brought down the full force of the FBI on the gang, resulting in the death or capture of its main members in the months afterwards.
 The kidnapping was organized by racketeer Harry Sawyer, and the principal kidnappers were Fred Barker, Alvin Karpis, Arthur Barker, Volney Davis and George Ziegler.

Question: John Paul Chase was a longtime criminal associate of Fred Barker and which Depression-era gangster nicknamed "Creepy" for his sinister smile and called "Ray" by his gang members?
Answer: Alvin Francis Karpis