The Rye House Plot of 1683 was a plan to assassinate King Charles II of England and his brother (and heir to the throne) James, Duke of York.
 Historians vary in their assessment of the degree to which details of the conspiracy were finalised.
 Whatever the state of the assassination plot, plans to mount a rebellion against the Stuart monarchy were being entertained by some opposition leaders in England, and the government cracked down hard on those in a series of state trials, accompanied with repressive measures and widespread searches for arms.
 The Plot presaged, and may have hastened, the rebellions of 1685, the Monmouth Rebellion and Argyll's Rising.
The Dutch Gift of 1660 was a collection of 28 mostly Italian Renaissance paintings and 12 classical sculptures, along with a yacht, the "Mary", and furniture, which was presented to King Charles II of England by the States-General of the Netherlands in 1660.
 In July 1660 Louis of Nassau arrived in London; his countrymen Simon van Hoorn, curator of the Athenaeum Illustre, Michiel van Gogh from Vlissingen and the (catholic) Joachim Ripperda arrived in November to negotiate the Act of Navigation and to present Charles II the Gift.
 The collection was given to Charles II to mark his return to power in the English Restoration, before which Charles had spent many years in exile in Paris, Cologne, and the Spanish Netherlands, during the rule of the English Commonwealth.
 It was intended to strengthen diplomatic relations between England and the Republic, but only a few years after the gift the two nations would be at war again in the Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665–67.
Gray was born in a house still standing on the north side of the Lawnmarket, Edinburgh, in August 1633 (bap.
 reg.
 23).
 He was fourth son and eleventh child in a family of twenty-one, his father being Sir William Gray of Pittendrum (died 1648), an eminent merchant and royalist, descended from Andrew, first lord Gray.
 His mother was Geils or Egidia Smyth, sister to Sir John Smyth of Grothill, at one time provost of Edinburgh.
 Andrew in his childhood was playful and fond of pleasure; but while he was quite young his thoughts were suddenly given a serious turn by reflecting on the piety of a beggar whom he met near Leith.
 Resolved to enter the ministry, he studied at the universities both of St. Andrews and Edinburgh.
 He graduated at the former in 1651.
 Gray was one of that band of youthful preachers who were powerfully influenced by the venerable Leighton.
 His talents and learning favourably impressed Principal Gillespie.
 He was licensed to preach in 1653, and was ordained to the collegiate charge of the Outer High Church of Glasgow on 3 Nov. 1653, although only in his twenty-first year, notwithstanding some remonstrance.
 One of the remonstrants, Robert Baillie, refers in his "Letters and Journals" to the ‘high flown, rhetorical style’ of the youthful preacher, and describes his ordination as taking place ‘over the belly of the town's protestation.’
 His ministry proved eminently successful, and although only of three years' duration, in the profound impression produced during his lifetime, and the sustained popularity of his published works, Gray had few rivals in the Scottish church.
 He died on 8 Feb. 1656, after a brief illness, of a ‘purple’ fever, and was interred in Blackadder's or St. Fergus's Aisle, Glasgow Cathedral.
 On the walls of the aisle his initials and date of death may be seen deeply incised.
 Gray married Rachael, daughter of Robert Baillie of Jerviswood, and had a son, William, born at Glasgow in March 1655, who probably died young.
 He had also a daughter, Rachael, who was served heir to her father on 26 June 1669.
 His widow remarried George Hutcheson, minister at Irvine.
Baptised on 17 May 1762 in the church of All Saints in Chichester, he was the eldest surviving son of the Reverend William Webber (1724–1790), a canon of Chichester Cathedral.
 The Canon's father, Robert Webber, was said to be an illegitimate son of Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, himself an illegitimate son of King Charles II, while the Canon's mother was Mary Maybank, reputedly a descendant of Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth, a mistress of King Charles II.
 William's mother had less elevated but wholly legitimate origins, being Anne Smith (1731–1806), daughter of John Smith, a surgeon in Chichester, and his wife Sarah Buckenham.
 Among his uncles were Rear-Admiral Charles Webber (1722–1783), nominal father of Lieutenant-General James Webber Smith, as well as the rector of West Stoke outside Chichester, the Reverend Charles Smith (1729–1803).
 His younger brother, the Reverend James Webber (1772–1847), became Dean of Ripon.
Robert Baillie (known as Baillie of Jerviswood;  1634 24 December 1684) was a Scottish conspirator implicated in the Rye House Plot against King Charles II.
 He was executed for treason.
Richard Rumbold (1622–1685) was a Cromwellian soldier who took part in the failed 1683 Rye House Plot to assassinate King Charles II of England and his brother James.
 When the plot was discovered, Rumbold fled the country.
 In 1685, after Charles II had died and James had become king, Rumbold participated in a plan to drive James from the throne.
 The plan failed and Rumbold was executed.
Lesley Baillie (1768–1843), later Mrs Lesley Cumming, was born at Mayville, Stevenston, North Ayrshire.
 She was a daughter of Robert Baillie and married Robert Cumming of Logie, Morayshire, Scotland.
 Her lasting fame derives from being Robert Burns's 'Bonnie Lesley', ""the most beautiful, elegant woman in the world"".
 On her tombstone her name is given as Leslie Baillie.
James Roberton, Lord Bedlay (c. 1590 – May 1664) was a Scottish advocate and judge.
 He was born to Archibald Roberton of Stainhall, youngest son of John Roberton 9th Laird of Earnock, and Elizabeth Baillie, daughter of Robert Baillie of Jerviston.
 He inherited Bedlay Castle from his father, who bought it from James, the 8th Lord Boyd.
 He became Lord Bedlay upon the occasion of being raised to the judicial bench in 1661.
The Baillie–PSW primality test is a probabilistic primality testing algorithm that determines whether a number is composite or is a probable prime.
 It is named after Robert Baillie, Carl Pomerance, John Selfridge, and Samuel Wagstaff.
Robert Wintour (1568 – 30 January 1606) and Thomas Wintour (1571 or 1572 – 31 January 1606), also spelt Winter, were members of the Gunpowder Plot, a failed conspiracy to assassinate King James I.
 Brothers, they were related to other conspirators, such as their cousin, Robert Catesby, and a half-brother, John Wintour, also joined them following the plot's failure.
 Thomas was an intelligent and educated man, fluent in several languages and trained as a lawyer, but chose instead to become a soldier, fighting for England in the Low Countries, France, and possibly in Central Europe.
 By 1600, however, he changed his mind and became a fervent Catholic.
 On several occasions he travelled to the continent and entreated Spain on behalf of England's oppressed Catholics, and suggested that with Spanish support a Catholic rebellion was likely.

Question: In which year was Robert Baillie involved in a conspiracy which aimed to assassinate King Charles II of England?
Answer: 1683