John Usher (1642–1722) was an English colonial administrator.
 Born in Boston, he served as treasurer of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until the Boston Revolt of 1689.
 After the revolt, dominion governor Sir Edmund Andros was confined in Usher's home.
 Usher was twice lieutenant governor of the Province of New Hampshire (1692–1697 and 1702–1715).
 As lieutenant governor, he frequently held the reins of power, since the governors (his father-in-law Samuel Allen, and Joseph Dudley) were often absent from the province.
 His rule was unpopular.
 He died in Medford, Massachusetts in 1722.
Charter colony is one of three classes of colonial government established in the 17th century English colonies in North America, the other classes being proprietary colony and royal colony.
 The colonies of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts Bay were charter colonies.
 In a charter colony, Britain granted a charter to the colonial government establishing the rules under which the colony was to be governed.
 The charters of Rhode Island and Connecticut granted the colonists significantly more political liberty than other colonies.
 Rhode Island and Connecticut continued to use their colonial charters as their State constitutions after the American Revolution.
The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin, then a senior leader (age 45) and a delegate from Pennsylvania, at the Albany Congress on July 10, 1754 in Albany, New York.
 More than twenty representatives of several Northern and Mid-Atlantic colonies had gathered to plan their defense related to the French and Indian War, the front in North America of the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France.
 The Plan represented one of multiple early attempts to form a union of the colonies "under one government as far as might be necessary defense and other general important purposes."
John Coggeshall Jr. (c. 1624 - 1 October 1708) was a deputy governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
 The son of Rhode Island President John Coggeshall Sr., he was raised in the village of Castle Hedingham in northeastern Essex where his father was a merchant.
 Aged about eight, he sailed from England with his parents and surviving siblings, arriving in New England in 1632.
 He was first active in civil affairs in 1653 when he became treasurer of the island towns of Portsmouth and Newport.
 The following year brought the re-unification of the colony, with the island towns rejoining the government with Providence and Warwick, and he served as treasurer of the four towns for a year.
 His name appears on a list of Newport freemen in 1655, and for the following 35 years he served almost continuously in one or multiple roles including Assistant, General Treasurer, Deputy, General Recorder, and Major for the Island.
 He was one of ten Assistants named in the Royal Charter of 1663, which would become the basis for Rhode Island's government for nearly two centuries.
 In 1686 he became the Deputy Governor under Governor Walter Clarke, but his term lasted only a month when the English crown assigned Edmund Andros to be Governor of all the New England colonies under the Dominion of New England.
 Following the demise of this dominion and the arrest of Andros in 1689, Coggeshall was once again selected as Deputy Governor for the year ending in May 1690, serving under Governor Henry Bull.
 In April 1676, during King Philip's War, he was on a committee to procure boats for the colony's defense.
 Later that year, in August, he was a member of a court martial for the trial of several Indians.
The United Colonies of New England, commonly known as the New England Confederation, was a short-lived military alliance of the English colonies of Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven.
 Formed in May 1643, its primary purpose was to unite the Puritan colonies in support of the church, and for defense against the Native Americans and the Dutch colony of New Netherland.
 It was the first notable milestone on the long rocky road towards colonial unity.
 It was established as a direct result of a war that started between the Mohegan and Narragansetts.
 Its charter provided for the return of fugitive criminals and indentured servants, and served as a forum for resolving inter-colonial disputes.
 In practice, none of the goals were accomplished.
The Massachusetts School Laws were three legislative acts of 1642, 1647 and 1648 enacted in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
 The most famous by far is the law of 1647, also known as the Old Deluder Satan Law (after the law's first sentence) and The General School Law of 1642.
 These laws are commonly regarded as the historical first step toward compulsory government-directed public education in the United States of America.
 Shortly after they passed, similar laws were enacted in the other New England colonies.
 Most mid-Atlantic colonies followed suit, though in some Southern colonies it was a further century before publicly funded schools were established there.
The Dominion of New England in America (1686–89) was an administrative union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies (except for the Colony of Pennsylvania).
 Its political structure represented centralized control similar to the model used by the Spanish monarchy through the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
 The dominion was unacceptable to most colonists, because they deeply resented being stripped of their rights and having their colonial charter revoked.
 Governor Sir Edmund Andros tried to make legal and structural changes, but most of these were undone and the Dominion was overthrown as soon as word was received that King James had left the throne in England.
 One notable change was the introduction of the Church of England into Massachusetts, whose Puritan leaders had previously refused to allow it any sort of foothold.
The Restraining Acts of early 1775 were two Acts passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, which limited colonial trade in response to both increasing and spreading civil disobedience in Massachusetts and New England, and similar trade restrictions instituted by elected colonial representatives.
 With time the foment would spread to most of its American Colonies.
 The first restraining act, (15 Geo.
 III c. 10) known variously as the New England Trade And Fisheries Act, the New England Restraining Act, or the Trade Act 1775 (c.10), limited the export and import of any goods to and from only Great Britain, Ireland, and the British West Indies; it also prohibited the New England colonies from fishing in the waters off Newfoundland and most of America's Atlantic coast, without special permissions and documentation, and imposed stiff penalties on both perpetrators and administrators if violations occurred.
 Previously legal or finessed trade between the colonies themselves or with other nations was prohibited, and enforced by naval blockade, effective July 1, 1775.
 The second restraining act, (15 Geo.
 III c. 18) known as the Trade Act 1775 (c.18), similarly limited the export or import of any goods by way of only Great Britain, Ireland, and the British West Indies for most colonies south of New England; it was passed shortly after the first, upon receiving news in April that the colonial's trade boycott had spread widely among other colonies.
 Only New York, Delaware, North Carolina and Georgia would escape these restraints on trade, but only for a few months.
Edward Randolph (1632 - April 1703) was an English colonial administrator, best known for his role in effecting significant changes in the structure of England's North American colonies in the later years of the 17th century.
 Called "evil genius of New England and her angel of death", his reports to the Lords of Trade (predecessors to the 18th century Board of Trade) convinced King Charles II to revoke the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1684, and he was a leading figure in the unpopular Dominion of New England.
 Randolph served as secretary of the dominion.
 While in that position, he argued for tighter crown control over proprietary and charter colonies whose administrations lacked such oversight, and he was often given the difficult task of enforcing England's Navigation Acts in whichever colony he was posted to, often against significant local popular and political resistance.
 His actions were a significant contribution to the development of Great Britain's colonial administrative infrastructure, but he remained unpopular in the dominion.
 During the 1689 Boston revolt, which deposed Andros and overthrew the dominion, he was jailed.
Until Australia(british colony) became a Federation in 1901, each of the six colonial governments was responsible for the defence of their own colony.
 From 1788 until 1870 this was done with British regular forces.
 In all, 24 British infantry regiments served in the Australian colonies.
 Each of the Australian colonies gained responsible government between 1855 and 1890, and while the Colonial Office in London retained control of some affairs, and the colonies were still firmly within the British Empire, the British Governors of the Australian colonies were required to raise their own colonial militia.
 To do this, the colonial Governors had the authority from the British crown to raise military and naval forces.
 Initially these were militias in support of British regulars, but British military support for the colonies ended in 1870, and the colonies assumed their own defence.
 The separate colonies maintained control over their respective militia forces and navies until 1 March 1901, when the colonial forces were all amalgamated into the Commonwealth Forces following the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia.
 Colonial forces, including home raised units, saw action in many of the conflicts of the British Empire during the 19th century.
 Members from British regiments stationed in Australia saw action in India, Afghanistan, the Maori Wars of New Zealand, the Sudan conflict, and the Boer War in South Africa.

Question: John Usher was an English colonial administrator who served as treasurer of an administrative union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies except for what colony?
Answer: Colony of Pennsylvania