Michael R. Bromwich (born December 19, 1953) is a litigation attorney who was designated by President Barack Obama on June 15, 2010, to be the first director of the newly created Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, which replaces the Minerals Management Service in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Rigs-to-Reefs (RTR) is the practice of converting decommissioned offshore oil and petroleum rigs into artificial reefs.
 Such biotic reefs have been created from oil rigs in the United States, Brunei and Malaysia.
 In the United States, where the practice started and is most common, Rigs-to-Reefs is a nationwide program developed by the former Minerals Management Service (MMS), now Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), of the U.S. Department of the Interior.
Susan Elizabeth "Liz" Birnbaum served as Director of the Minerals Management Service in the United States from July 15, 2009 to May 27, 2010.
 Birnbaum was in charge of administering "programs that ensure the effective management of renewable energy [...] and traditional energy and mineral resources on the nation’s Outer Continental Shelf, including the environmentally safe exploration, development, and production of oil and natural gas, as well as the collection and distribution of revenues for minerals developed on federal and American Indian lands."
The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) is an agency under the United States Department of the Interior.
 Established in 2011, BSEE is the lead agency in charge of improving safety and ensuring environmental protection relating to the offshore energy industry, mainly natural gas and oil, on the United States Outer Continental Shelf (OCS).
 The agency exercises the safety and environmental enforcement functions formerly under the Minerals Management Service including the authority to inspect, investigate, summon witnesses and produce evidence, levy penalties, cancel or suspend activities, and oversee safety, response, and removal preparedness.
Rachel Binah (born 1942) is an American environmental and community activist.
 Binah was one of many in the Mendcocino coastal communities who helped to organize the final hearing, in 1988, of "Lease Sale 91" by the Minerals Management Service of the Department of the Interior (in Fort Bragg, California) to protest against offshore oil development off the North Coast of California.
 Upwards of 2,500 people (it is thought that as many as 5,000) attended the federal hearing, with 1400 volunteering to testify.
 Binah has also served as chair emeritus of the California Democratic Party's Environmental Caucus and the Democratic National Committee committeewoman.
 Aside from environmental concerns, Binah is also interested in health care, spearheaded by her father suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
 She also owns a bed and breakfast in Mendocino, California.
 In 2009, Binah was a National Women's History Month honoree.
Worst Case Discharge (WCD) is a calculation used by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement to determine the maximum flow rate for an offshore oil well in the event of an oil spill.
 WCD first came to prominence in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill to determine potential liability if another oil spill were to occur.
Efforts to stem the "Deepwater Horizon" oil spill were ongoing from the time that the "Deepwater Horizon" exploded on April 20, 2010 until the well was sealed by a cap on July 15, 2010.
 Various species of dolphins and other mammals (61 casualties), birds (2,095 casualties), and the endangered sea turtles (467 casualties) have been killed either directly or indirectly by the oil spill.
 The "Deepwater Horizon" spill has surpassed in volume the 1989 "Exxon Valdez" oil spill as the largest ever to originate in U.S.-controlled waters; it is comparable to the 1979 Ixtoc I oil spill in total volume released (Ixtoc discharged 140 e6USgal to 148 e6USgal ; as of mid-July 2010, Deepwater Horizon has spilled 90 e6USgal to 180 e6USgal ).
The "Deepwater Horizon" oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil spill, the BP oil disaster, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, and the Macondo blowout) began on April 20, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect.
 Killing eleven people, it is considered the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8% to 31% larger in volume than the previous largest, the Ixtoc I oil spill.
 The US Government estimated the total discharge at 4.9 Moilbbl .
 After several failed efforts to contain the flow, the well was declared sealed on September 19, 2010.
 Reports in early 2012 indicated that the well site was still leaking.
Chris Oynes served as U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS) associate director for offshore energy and minerals management before he retired in May 2010.
 Oynes, who oversaw oil and gas leasing in the Gulf of Mexico for 12 years before being promoted to MMS associate director had come under fire for being too close to the industry officials he regulated.
Project Deep Spill was the first intentional deepwater oil spill, in order to study how crude oil behaved in-depth.
 A Joint Industry Project comprising 23 oil companies and the Minerals Management Service performed a sea trial in late June 2000 in the Helland Hansen region of the Norwegian Sea.
 The trial made several releases of varying combinations of crude oil (750 barrels), marine diesel, methane (18 cubic metres) and nitrogen gas from the seabed at 840 metres below sea-level.

Question: Michael R. Bromwich is the first director of a new bureau which replaces the Minerals Management Service in the wake of an oil spill that killed how many people? 
Answer: eleven