Yoichiro Nambu (南部 陽一郎 , Nambu Yōichirō , 18 January 1921 – 5 July 2015) was a Japanese-born American physicist, a professor at the University of Chicago.
 Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics, related at first to the strong interaction's chiral symmetry and later to the electroweak interaction and Higgs mechanism.
 The other half was split equally between Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."
The Bethe–Salpeter equation (named after Hans Bethe and Edwin Salpeter) describes the bound states of a two-body (particles) quantum field theoretical system in a relativistically covariant formalism.
 The equation was actually first published in 1950 at the end of a paper by Yoichiro Nambu, but without derivation.
In physics, a chiral anomaly is the anomalous nonconservation of a chiral current.
 In some theories of fermions with chiral symmetry, the quantization may lead to the breaking of this (global) chiral symmetry.
 In that case, the charge associated with the chiral symmetry is not conserved.
In particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons or Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) are bosons that appear necessarily in models exhibiting spontaneous breakdown of continuous symmetries.
 They were discovered by Yoichiro Nambu in the context of the BCS superconductivity mechanism, and subsequently elucidated by Jeffrey Goldstone, and systematically generalized in the context of quantum field theory.
In mathematics, Nambu dynamics is a generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics involving multiple Hamiltonians.
 Recall that Hamiltonian mechanics is based upon the flows generated by a smooth Hamiltonian over a symplectic manifold.
 The flows are symplectomorphisms and hence obey Liouville's theorem.
 This was soon generalized to flows generated by a Hamiltonian over a Poisson manifold.
 In 1973, Yoichiro Nambu suggested a generalization involving Nambu-Poisson manifolds with more than one Hamiltonian.
In particle physics, chiral symmetry breaking is the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a chiral symmetry – usually by a gauge theory such as quantum chromodynamics, the quantum field theory of the strong interaction.
 Yoichiro Nambu was awarded the 2008 Nobel prize in physics for describing this phenomenon ("for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics").
Chiral magnetic effect (CME) is the generation of electric current along an external magnetic field induced by chirality imbalance.
 The CME is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon present in systems with charged chiral fermions, such as the quark-gluon plasma, or Dirac and Weyl semimetals; for review, see.
 The CME is a consequence of chiral anomaly in quantum field theory; unlike conventional superconductivity or superfluidity, it does not require a spontaneous symmetry breaking.
 The chiral magnetic current is non-dissipative, because it is topologically protected: the imbalance between the densities of left- and right-handed chiral fermions is linked to the topology of fields in gauge theory by the Atiyah-Singer index theorem.
In quantum field theory, a chiral gauge theory is a quantum field theory with charged chiral (i.e. Weyl) fermions.
 For instance, the Standard Model is a chiral gauge theory.
 For topological reasons, chiral charged fermions cannot be given a mass without breaking the gauge symmetry, which will lead to inconsistencies unlike a global symmetry.
 It is notoriously difficult to construct a chiral gauge theory from a theory which does not already contain chiral fields at the fundamental level.
 A consistent chiral gauge theory must have no gauge anomaly (or global anomaly).
 Almost by necessity, regulators will have to break the gauge symmetry.
 This is responsible for gauge anomalies in the first place.
Moo-Young Han (born 1934, died 2016) was a professor of physics at Duke University.
 Along with Yoichiro Nambu of the University of Chicago, he is credited with introducing the SU(3) symmetry of quarks, today known as the color charge.
 The color charge is the basis of the strong force as explained by quantum chromodynamics.
John Henry Schwarz ( ; born November 22, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist.
 Along with Yoichiro Nambu, Holger Bech Nielsen, Joël Scherk, Gabriele Veneziano, Michael Green, and Leonard Susskind, he is regarded as one of the founders of string theory.

Question: Who shared in Yoichiro Nambu's 2008 Nobel Prize for Chiral symetry breaking?
Answer: Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa