Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre, also called Men Behind the Sun 4, is a 1994 Hong Kong film written and directed by Mou Tun Fei and is in many ways considered to be a follow up to the 1987 shockumentary film, "Men Behind the Sun".
 The movie depicts the events behind the Nanking Massacre committed by the Imperial Japanese army against Chinese citizens and refugees during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Men Behind the Sun (, literally meaning "Black Sun: 731") is a 1988 Hong Kong–Chinese historical horror film directed by T. F. Mou.
The Nanking Safety Zone (; Japanese: 南京安全区 "Nankin Anzenku", 南京安全地帯, "Nankin Anzenchitai") was a demilitarized zone for Chinese civilians set up on the eve of the Japanese breakthrough in the Battle of Nanking (December 13, 1937).
 Following the example of Jesuit Father Robert Jacquinot de Besange in Shanghai, the foreigners in Nanking created the Nanking Safety Zone, managed by the "International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone" led by German businessman and Nazi party member, John Rabe.
 The zone and the activities of the International Committee were responsible for saving the lives of many thousands of Chinese civilians during the Nanking Massacre.
The total death toll of the Nanking Massacre is a highly contentious subject in Chinese and Japanese historiography.
 Following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese Imperial Army marched from Shanghai to the Chinese capital city of Nanking, and though a large number of Chinese POWs and civilians were slaughtered by the Japanese following their entrance into Nanking on December 13, 1937, the precise number remains unknown.
 Since the late-1960s when the first academic works on the Nanking Massacre were produced, estimating the approximate death toll of the massacre has been a major topic of scholarly debate.
American Goddess at the Rape of Nanking: The Courage of Minnie Vautrin is a biographical book about American missionary Minnie Vautrin and her experience of the Nanking Massacre in 1937–1938.
 Written by historian Hua-ling Hu and published in 2000, the book recounts how Vautrin saved thousands of lives of women and children during the Nanking Massacre.
 A notable source for the book were the diaries that Vautrin kept during the massacre; these were discovered by author Iris Chang during the research for her book "The Rape of Nanking".
The Historiography of the Nanking Massacre is the representation of the events of the Nanking Massacre as history, in various languages and cultural contexts, in the years since these events took place.
 This historiography is disparate and sometimes contested, owing to conflicting currents of Chinese and Japanese nationalist sentiment and national interest, as well as the fog of war.
Nanking () is a 2007 film about the 1937 Nanking Massacre committed by the Japanese army in the former capital city Nanjing, China.
 It was inspired by Iris Chang's "The Rape of Nanking", which discussed the persecution and murder of the Chinese by the Imperial Japanese Army in the then-capital of Nanjing during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
 The film draws on letters and diaries from the era as well as archive footage and interviews with surviving victims and perpetrators of the massacre.
 Contemporary actors play the roles of the Western missionaries, professors, and businessmen who formed the Nanking Safety Zone to protect the city's civilians from Japanese forces.
 Particular attention is paid to Nazi Party member John Rabe, a German businessman who organized the Nanking Safety Zone, Robert O. Wilson, a surgeon who remained in Nanking to care for legions of victims, and Minnie Vautrin, a missionary educator who rendered aid to thousands of Nanking's women.
The Good Man of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe is a collection of the personal journals of John Rabe, a German businessman who lived in Nanjing at the time of the Nanking Massacre in 1937–1938.
 The book contains the diaries that Rabe kept during the Nanking Massacre, writing from his personal experience and observation of the events that took place.
 It also excerpts Rabe's experience in immediate post-war Berlin, then occupied by Soviet troops.
 Rabe's diaries were made known and quoted by author Iris Chang during the research for her book, "The Rape of Nanking"; they were subsequently translated from German to English by John E. Woods and published in the United States in 1998.
Black Sun (Japanese: Black Sun 奴隷王 , Hepburn: Black Sun Dorei Ou , lit.
 "Black Sun Slave King") is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Uki Ogasawara.
 It is licensed in North America by Digital Manga Publishing, which released the manga on 4 November 2008.
The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II is a bestselling 1997 non-fiction book written by Iris Chang about the 1937–1938 Nanking Massacre, the massacre and atrocities committed by the Imperial Japanese Army after it captured Nanjing, then capital of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
 It describes the events leading up to the Nanking Massacre and the atrocities that were committed.
 The book presents the view that the Japanese government has not done enough to redress the atrocities.
 It is one of the first major English-language books to introduce the Nanking Massacre to Western and Eastern readers alike, and has been translated into several languages.

Question: Who directed the films "Men Behind the Sun" and "Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre"?
Answer: Mou Tun Fei