Judaism (originally from Hebrew , "Yehudah", "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is an ancient monotheistic Abrahamic religion with the Torah as its foundational text.
 It encompasses the religion, philosophy and culture of the Jewish people.
 Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Children of Israel.
 Judaism includes a wide corpus of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization.
 The Torah is part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or the Hebrew Bible, and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud.
 With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world.
The Rock of Israel (Hebrew: צור ישראל‎ ‎ , "Tzur Yisrael") is a concept in Judaism that alludes to God, and in Zionism and politics, to the cultural and historical heritage of the Jewish people and the foundation of the State of Israel.
 The term was used in the Israeli Declaration of Independence as a compromise between religious Jews and secular Jews.
Mizrahi Jews, Mizrahim (Hebrew: ‎ ‎ ) or al-Mashriqiyyūn (Arabic: المشرقيون‎ ‎ ), also referred to as Edot HaMizrach (; "Communities of the East"; Mizrahi Hebrew: "ʿEdot(h) Ha(m)Mizraḥ "), Bene HaMizrah ("Sons of the East") or Oriental Jews, are Jews descended from local Jewish communities of the Middle East from biblical times into the modern era.
 They include descendants of Babylonian Jews and Mountain Jews from modern Iraq, Syria, Bahrain, Kuwait, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Uzbekistan, the Caucasus, Kurdistan, Afghanistan, India and Pakistan.
 Yemenite Jews are sometimes also included, but their history is separate from Babylonian Jewry.
Shabbat ( ; Hebrew: שַׁבָּת‎ ‎ ] , "rest" or "cessation") or Shabbos (] , Yiddish: שבת‎ ) or the Sabbath is Judaism's day of rest and seventh day of the week, on which religious Jews and certain Christians (such as Seventh Day Adventists and Seventh Day Baptists) remember the Biblical creation of the heavens and the earth in six days and the Exodus of the Hebrews, and look forward to a future Messianic Age.
 Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day.
 Judaism's traditional position is that unbroken seventh-day Shabbat originated among the Jewish people, as their first and most sacred institution, though some suggest other origins.
 Variations upon Shabbat are widespread in Judaism and, with adaptations, throughout the Abrahamic and many other religions.
Holocaust theology is a body of theological and philosophical debate concerning the role of God in the universe in light of the Holocaust of the late 1930s and 1940s.
 It is primarily found in Judaism; Jews were drastically affected by the Holocaust, in which six million Jews were murdered in a genocide by Nazi Germany and its allies.
 Jews were killed in higher proportions than other groups; some scholars limit the definition of the Holocaust to the Jewish victims of the Nazis as Jews alone were targeted for the Final Solution.
 Others include the additional five million non-Jewish victims, bringing the total to about 11 million.
 One third of the total worldwide Jewish population were killed during the Holocaust.
 The Eastern European Jewish population was particularly hard hit, being reduced by ninety percent.
 While a disproportionate number of Jewish religious scholars were killed, more than eighty percent of the world’s total, the perpetrators of the Holocaust did not merely target religious Jews.
 A large percentage of the Jews killed both in Eastern and Western Europe were either nonobservant or had not received even an elementary level Jewish education.
The American Council for Judaism (ACJ) is an organization of American Jews committed to the proposition that Jews are not a national but a religious group, adhering to the original stated principles of Reform Judaism, as articulated in the 1885 Pittsburgh Platform.
 In particular, it is notable for its historical opposition to Zionism.
 Although it has since moderated its stance on the issue, it still advocates that American Jews distance themselves from Israel politically, and does not view Israel as a universal Jewish homeland.
 The ACJ has also championed women's rights, including the right for women to serve as rabbis, and has supported Reform Jewish congregations and contributed to the publication of new editions of prayer books for religious services predominately in the English language for Jews in English-speaking countries.
Karaite Judaism or Karaism (also spelt Qaraite Judaism or Qaraism), ( or ; ) is a Jewish religious movement characterized by the recognition of the Tanakh alone as its supreme authority in "Halakha" (Jewish religious law) and theology.
 It is distinct from mainstream Rabbinic Judaism, which considers the Oral Torah, as codified in the Talmud and subsequent works, to be authoritative interpretations of the Torah.
 Karaites maintain that all of the divine commandments handed down to Moses by God were recorded in the written Torah without additional Oral Law or explanation.
 As a result, Karaite Jews do not accept as binding the written collections of the oral tradition in the Midrash or Talmud.
Jews in the Russian Empire have historically constituted a large religious diaspora; the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world.
 Within these territories the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of anti-Semitic discriminatory policies and persecutions.
 The largest group among Russian Jews are Ashkenazi Jews, but the community also includes a significant number of other Diasporan Jewish groups, such as Mountain Jews, Sephardic Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Bukharan Jews, and Georgian Jews.
Conversion to Judaism (Hebrew: גיור‎ , "giyur") is a religious act when, after a period of study and immersion into Jewish life overseen by a rabbi, a religious panel formally determines that a non-Jewish person has met the requirements for conversion to Judaism by demonstrating a sincere commitment to Jewish beliefs and practices and acceptance of the Jewish community, culture, and history.
 A formal conversion is also sometimes undertaken by individuals whose Jewish ancestry is questioned, even if they were raised Jewish, but may not actually be considered Jews according to traditional Jewish law.
The Mosaic covenant (named after Moses), also known as the Sinaitic Covenant (named after the biblical Mount Sinai), refers to a biblical covenant between God and the biblical Israelites, including their proselytes.
 The establishment and stipulations of the Mosaic covenant are recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, which are traditionally attributed to Moses and collectively called the Torah, and this covenant is sometimes also referred to as the Law of Moses or Mosaic Law or the 613 Mitzvot.

Question:  Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of what is sometimes also referred to as the law of what? 
Answer: Moses