After his nomination on January 31, 2017, Neil Gorsuch was confirmed by the Senate on April 7, 2017.
 Gorsuch, age 49, is the youngest sitting Supreme Court justice since Clarence Thomas.
 In February 2016, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia died, leaving a vacancy on the highest federal court in the United States.
 Article II of the U.S. Constitution requires the president to nominate justices to the Supreme Court, subject to the "advice and consent" of the United States Senate.
 President Barack Obama, a Democrat, nominated Merrick Garland to fill the vacancy.
 U.S. Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell, a Republican, arguing that the presidential election cycle having already commenced made the appointment of the next justice a political issue to be decided by voters, refused to bring the Garland nomination to the Senate floor for a vote.
 McConnell's action held the Supreme Court vacancy open through the end of President Obama's tenure.
The Chief Justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in any of many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the High Court of Australia, the Supreme Court of the United States, and provincial or state supreme courts.
The 1916 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago from June 7 to June 10.
 A major goal of the party's bosses at the convention was to heal the bitter split within the party that had occurred in the 1912 presidential campaign.
 In that year, Theodore Roosevelt bolted the GOP and formed his own political party, the Progressive Party, which contained most of the GOP's liberals.
 William Howard Taft, the incumbent president, won the nomination of the regular Republican Party.
 This split in the GOP ranks divided the Republican vote and led to the election of Democrat Woodrow Wilson.
 Although several candidates were openly competing for the 1916 nomination—most prominently conservative Senator Elihu Root of New York, Senator John W. Weeks of Massachusetts, and liberal Senator Albert Cummins of Iowa—the party's bosses wanted a moderate who would be acceptable to all factions of the party.
 They turned to Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, who had served on the court since 1910 and thus had the advantage of not having publicly spoken about political issues in six years.
 Although he had not sought the nomination, Hughes made it known that he would not turn it down; he won the nomination on the third ballot.
 Former Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks was nominated as his running mate.
 Hughes was the only Supreme Court Justice to be nominated for president by a major political party.
 Fairbanks (as of 2016) was the last former vice president, to be nominated for vice president.
Richard Maddicks is an American convicted murderer and burglar known as the 'Tarzan Burglar'.
 He was a key case that was prosecuted by future Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor.
Closed Chambers: The Rise, Fall, and Future of the Modern Supreme Court is a 1998 book by Edward Lazarus, who served as a law clerk for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun during the October Term 1988.
 Lazarus combines his reflections as a clerk with a substantial body of research to describe the collapse in comity between Justices - and particularly clerks - at the Supreme Court.
 The book is noted both for its extraordinary inside access to internal Supreme Court deliberation and its arguably balanced account of the controversy surrounding many high-profile Supreme Court decisions on the death penalty, civil rights, and abortion.
Karin Maria Bruzelius (born 19 February 1941) is a Swedish-born Norwegian supreme court justice and civil servant.
 She served as a justice on the Supreme Court of Norway from 1997 to 2011.
 Before her appointment as supreme court justice, she was Secretary-General (Permanent Secretary) of the Ministry of Transport and Communications from 1989 to 1997, as the first woman to serve as Permanent Secretary in Norway.
 She has previously also been a Director-General in the Ministry of Justice and a corporate lawyer.
 She was a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague from 2004 to 2010.
 Bruzelius was President of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights from 1978 to 1984.
 She chaired the Petroleum Price Board from 1987 to 2004.
John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is a retired associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from December 19, 1975, until his retirement on June 29, 2010.
 At the time of his retirement, he was the second-oldest serving justice in the history of the Court, and the third-longest serving Supreme Court Justice in history.
 Stevens is widely considered to have been on the liberal side of the Court at the time of his retirement.
The Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice, twenty Justices.
 The Chief Justice is appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council.
 S/he is appointed from among the justices having at least three years as a Supreme Court justice.
 Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of Nepal on the recommendation of the Judicial Council.
 The Chief Justice and the justices of the Supreme Court have to be confirmed by the Parliamentary Hearing Committee before they can be appointed by the President.
 The administrative head of the Supreme Court is the Chief Registrar.
 In addition to the Chief Registrar, one Registrar and four Joint-Registrar are appointed to led different departments of the Supreme Court and offer administrative assistance to the Court.
 Officers of the Supreme Court are appointed by Government of Nepal under the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission.
George Poffenbarger (born November 24, 1861, Mason County, West Virginia; died March 20, 1951) was a lawyer and long-time justice of the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals.
 He attended Rio Grande College in Rio Grande, Ohio and then taught school for seven years.
 After studying law under John W. English, a future West Virginia Supreme Court justice, he was admitted to the bar in 1887.
 After serving as a justice of the peace for two years, he was elected sheriff of Mason County in 1888.
 In 1900 he was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals, defeating his mentor John English in the election.
 He was re-elected in 1912 and resigned in 1922, having served for 21 years.
Sonia Maria Sotomayor ( , ] ; born June 25, 1954) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving since August 2009.
 She has the distinction of being its first justice of Hispanic heritage, the first Latina, its third female justice, and its twelfth Roman Catholic justice.

Question: What year did the Supreme Court Justice who convicted the Tarzan Burglar begin serving?
Answer: 2009