Nicolas Fatio de Duillier {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (also spelled Faccio or Facio; 16 February 1664 – 12 May 1753) was a Swiss-born mathematician, natural philosopher, and inventor.
 He spent much of his adult life in England and Holland.
 Fatio is known for his work on the zodiacal light problem in astronomy, for originating the "push" or "shadow" theory of gravitation, for his close association with both Christiaan Huygens and Isaac Newton, and for his role in the Newton v. Leibniz calculus controversy.
 He also invented and developed the first method for fabricating jewel bearings for mechanical watches and clocks.
Maurice Le Sage d'Hauteroche d'Hulst (born at Paris, 10 October 1841; died there, 6 November 1896) was a French Roman Catholic priest, writer, and orator.
 He was the founder of the Institut Catholique de Paris.
A Spirit of Tolerance: The Inspiring Life of Tierno Bokar is the only English translation of Amadou Hampate Ba’s book "Vie en enseignement de Tierno Bokar, le sage de Bandiagara" ("The Life and Education of Tierno Bokar, the Sage of Bandiagara"), originally written in French.
 This book describes the life of Tierno Bokar, a Malian Sufi who preached a message of religious tolerance.
 It was adapted into a play directed by Peter Brook titled "Tierno Bokar".
Robert II (27 March 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious (French: "le Pieux" ) or the Wise (French: "le Sage" ), was King of the Franks from 996 until his death.
 The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine.
Gauge theory gravity (GTG) is a theory of gravitation cast in the mathematical language of geometric algebra.
 To those familiar with general relativity, it is highly reminiscent of the tetrad formalism although there are significant conceptual differences.
 Most notably, the background in GTG is flat, Minkowski spacetime.
 The equivalence principle is not assumed, but instead follows from the fact that the gauge covariant derivative is minimally coupled.
 As in general relativity, equations structurally identical to the Einstein field equations are derivable from a variational principle.
 A spin tensor can also be supported in a manner similar to Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble theory.
 GTG was first proposed by Lasenby, Doran, and Gull in 1998 as a fulfillment of partial results presented in 1993.
 The theory has not been widely adopted by the rest of the physics community, who have mostly opted for differential geometry approaches like that of the related gauge gravitation theory.
In theoretical physics, Nordström's theory of gravitation was a predecessor of general relativity.
 Strictly speaking, there were actually "two" distinct theories proposed by the Finnish theoretical physicist Gunnar Nordström, in 1912 and 1913 respectively.
 The first was quickly dismissed, but the second became the first known example of a metric theory of gravitation, in which the effects of gravitation are treated entirely in terms of the geometry of a curved spacetime.
Le Sage's theory of gravitation is a kinetic theory of gravity originally proposed by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier in 1690 and later by Georges-Louis Le Sage in 1748.
 The theory proposed a mechanical explanation for Newton's gravitational force in terms of streams of tiny unseen particles (which Le Sage called ultra-mundane corpuscles) impacting all material objects from all directions.
 According to this model, any two material bodies partially shield each other from the impinging corpuscles, resulting in a net imbalance in the pressure exerted by the impact of corpuscles on the bodies, tending to drive the bodies together.
 This mechanical explanation for gravity never gained widespread acceptance, although it continued to be studied occasionally by physicists until the beginning of the 20th century, by which time it was generally considered to be conclusively discredited.
Éric Le Sage (born 15 June 1964 in Aix-en-Provence) is a contemporary French classical pianist.
Georges-Louis Le Sage (] ; 13 June 1724 – 9 November 1803) was a Genevan physicist and is most known for his theory of gravitation, for his invention of an electric telegraph and his anticipation of the kinetic theory of gases.
 Furthermore, he was a contributor to the Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers".
Alain-René Lesage (] ; 6 May 166817 November 1747; older spelling Le Sage) was a French novelist and playwright.
 Lesage is best known for his comic novel "The Devil upon Two Sticks" (1707, "Le Diable boiteux"), his comedy "Turcaret" (1709), and his picaresque novel "Gil Blas" (1715–1735).

Question: In what country was the man who originally proposed Le Sage's theory of gravitation in 1690 born?
Answer: Swiss-born