The Battle of Kars (August 19, 1745) was the last major engagement of the Ottoman-Persian War.
 The battle resulted in the complete and utter destruction of the Ottoman army.
 It was also the last of the great military triumphs of Nader Shah.
 The battle was in fact fought over a period of ten days in which the first day saw the Ottomans routed from the field, followed by a series of subsequent blockades and pursuits until the final destruction of the Ottoman army.
 The severity of the defeat, in conjunction with the debacle at Mosul, ended any hopes Istanbul had entertained for a military victory in the war and forced them to enter negotiations with a significantly weaker position than they would otherwise have occupied.
The Battle of Slunj (Croatian: "Bitka kod Slunja" ) was fought on 26 October 1584 between the Ottoman forces of the Bosnian Beglerbeg, Ferhad Pasha Sokolović, and Germanic and Croatian forces led by Jobst Joseph von Thurn and Thomas Erdődy, the Ban of Croatia, that ambushed the Ottoman army near the town of Slunj.
 The battle was a part of the Croatian–Ottoman wars and Ottoman–Habsburg wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy.
 Ottoman troops were estimated at between 8-10,000 men, and the army of Thurn and Erdödy consisted of 1,330 cavalry and 700 infantry.
 The battle resulted in a crushing defeat for the Ottoman forces.
The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca Turkish: "Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması" (also spelled "Kuchuk Kainarjæ") was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kaynardzha, Bulgaria) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.
 Following the recent Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Kozludzha, the document ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74 and marked a defeat of the Ottomans in their struggle against Russia.
 The Russians were represented by Field-Marshal Rumyantsev while the Ottoman side was represented by Musul Zade Mehmed Pasha.
 The treaty was a most humiliating blow to the once-mighty Ottoman realm.
 It would also stand to foreshadow several future conflicts between the Ottomans and Russia.
 It would be only one of many attempts by Russia to gain control of Ottoman territory.
Dhimitër Jonima (?
 – 1409) was an Albanian nobleman from the Jonima family.
 Together with other Albanian noblemen he is mentioned as a participant of the Battle of Kosovo in 1389.
 He suffered another defeat from the Ottoman Empire shortly after the Ottoman forces captured Shkodër in 1393.
 Then he acted as a mediator between them and Marco Barbadigo, the husband of Helena Thopia who was at that period in possession of Krujë castle.
 In 1402, as an Ottoman vassal, together with other Albanian noblemen, he fought alongside Bayezid I's forces in the Battle of Ankara.
 After the Ottoman defeat, he accepted the suzerainty of the Venetian Republic as a vassal of Koja Zaharia.
 He is last mentioned in the sources in 1409 and is supposed to have died the same year.
 After his death, Gjon Kastrioti took possession of the Jonima dominions, which became a part of the Principality of Kastrioti.
 Other members of the Jonima family are mentioned in Shkodër region later, however they never reached the fame of Dhimitër Jonima.
 Even long after his death, in 1431, upon the defeat of Gjon Kastrioti by Ottoman forces, the lands taken from him and once belonging to Jonima family, were registered by Ottomans as the vilayet of Dhimitër Jonima.
The Battle of Zenta or Battle of Senta, fought on 11 September 1697 just south of Zenta (Serbian: Senta; then part of the Ottoman Empire; today in Serbia), on the east side of the Tisa river, was a major engagement in the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) and one of the most decisive defeats in Ottoman history.
 In a surprise attack, Habsburg Imperial forces routed the Ottoman army which was crossing the river.
 At the cost of a few hundred losses, the Habsburg forces inflicted thousands of casualties on the Ottomans, dispersed the remainder and captured the Ottoman treasure.
 As an immediate consequence, the Ottoman Empire lost control over Banat, while in the long run, the Habsburg victory at Zenta was the last decisive step to force the Ottoman Empire into the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), ending the Ottoman control of large parts of Central Europe.
The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci, in modern-day Serbia, concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–97 in which the Ottoman side had been defeated at the Battle of Zenta.
 It marks the end of Ottoman control in much of Central Europe, with their first major territorial losses after centuries of expansion, and established the Habsburg Monarchy as the dominant power in Central and southeast Europe.
The Transformation of the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Era of Transformation, constitutes a period in the history of the Ottoman Empire from  1550 to  1700 , spanning roughly from the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent to the Treaty of Karlowitz at the conclusion of the War of the Holy League.
 This period was characterized by numerous dramatic political, social, and economic changes, which resulted in the empire shifting from an expansionist, patrimonial state into a bureaucratic empire based on an ideology of upholding justice and acting as the protector of Sunni Islam.
 These changes were in large part prompted by a series of political and economic crises in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, resulting from inflation, warfare, and political factionalism.
 Yet despite these crises the empire remained strong both politically and economically, and continued to adapt to the challenges of a changing world.
 The seventeenth century was once characterized as a period of decline for the Ottomans, but since the 1980s historians of the Ottoman Empire have increasingly rejected that characterization, identifying it instead as a period of crisis, adaptation, and transformation.
Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699), the Third Polish–Ottoman War or the War of the Holy League refers to the Polish side of the conflict otherwise known as the Great Turkish War.
 The conflict begun with a great Polish victory at the battle of Vienna in 1683, and ended with the Treaty of Karlowitz, restoring to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth lands lost in the previous Polish-Ottoman War (the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)).
 It was the last conflict between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire, and despite the Polish victory, it marked the decline of power of not only the Ottoman Empire, but also of the Commonwealth, which would never again interfere in affairs outside of its declining borders.
Via de Zenta, known simply as Zeta (Serbian: Зетски пут/Zetski put ) was a medieval road connecting the Adriatic with the medieval Serbian state.
 It started from the mouth of the Bojana, the Skadar port, (alternatively Bar then Cetinje) along the Drin Valley to Prizren, then to Lipljan, then through Novo Brdo to Vranje and Niš.
 The Republic of Venice and Ragusa used the road for trade with Serbia and Bulgaria.
 From Niš, the ancient Roman road of Via Militaris continued all the way to Constantinople.
 The road ended its use with the Ottoman conquest of this part of Serbia by 1392, after the earlier Ottoman conquest of the southern provinces of Macedonia (1371), the Ottomans having begun their European conquest at Gallipoli (1354).
The Battle of Chaldiran (Persian: جنگ چالدران‎ ‎ ; Turkish: "Çaldıran Muharebesi" ) took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire.
 As a result, the Ottomans annexed eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq from Safavid Iran.
 It marked the first Ottoman expansion into eastern Anatolia, and the halt of the Safavid expansion to the west.
 Despite the Iranians briefly reconquering the area over the course of the centuries, the battle marked the first event that would eventually, through many wars and treaties later, lead to its permanent conquest, until the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire centuries later.
 By the Chaldiran war the Ottomans also gained temporary control of northwestern Iran.
 The battle, however, was just the beginning of 41 years of destructive war, which only ended in 1555 with the Treaty of Amasya.
 Though Mesopotamia and Eastern Anatolia (Western Armenia) were eventually taken back by the Safavids under the reign of king Abbas I (r. 1588–1629), they would be permanently lost to the Ottomans by the 1639 Treaty of Zuhab.

Question: Which war was ended with the Ottoman's defeat at the Battle of Zenta?
Answer: War of the Holy League