The Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands is the highest court in the territory of the United States Virgin Islands.
 The Supreme Court assumed jurisdiction over all appeals from the Superior Court of the Virgin Islands, a trial level court, on January 29, 2007.
 There are three Supreme Court justices who are each appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Legislature for a ten-year term.
 Appointments are for life.
 The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices.
 There is no intermediate court of appeals, and the Supreme Court does not have discretion in hearing appeals.
 Appeals of Supreme Court decisions were heard by writ of certiorari by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit until December 29, 2012, but since then they have been heard by the United States Supreme Court.
The Judiciary of Michigan is defined under the Michigan Constitution, law, and regulations as part of the Government of Michigan.
 The court system consists of the Michigan Supreme Court, the Michigan Court of Appeals as the intermediate appellate court, the circuit courts and district courts as the two primary trial courts, and several administrative courts and specialized courts.
 The Supreme Court administers all the courts.
 The Michigan Supreme Court consists of seven members who are elected on non-partisan ballots for staggered eight-year terms, while state appellate court judges are elected to terms of six years and vacancies are filled by an appointment by the governor, and circuit court and district court judges are elected to terms of six years.
Richard H. Bernstein (born November 9, 1974) is an American lawyer and current Michigan Supreme Court Justice, who, until 2014, was practicing at The Law Offices of Sam Bernstein, located in Farmington Hills, Michigan until his election to the Michigan Supreme Court.
 He also was an adjunct professor at the University of Michigan and served on the Wayne State University Board of Governors for one eight-year term, including two years as vice chair and two more as chair, until deciding not to seek re-election in 2010 for a second term beginning in 2011.
 In November 2014, Bernstein was elected to serve an 8-year term on the Michigan Supreme Court.
 Bernstein has been classified as legally blind since birth, as a result of retinitis pigmentosa.
David Viviano is a Justice on the Michigan Supreme Court, having been appointed by Governor Rick Snyder on February 28, 2013, to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Justice Diane Hathaway.
 Prior to his appointment to the Michigan Supreme Court, Justice Viviano was the Chief Judge of the Macomb County Circuit Court.
Joan Louise Larsen (born 1 December 1968) is an American judge and lawyer.
 She was appointed to the Michigan Supreme Court by Gov. Rick Snyder on September 30, 2015, to replace Justice Mary Beth Kelly, whose resignation from the Court became effective October 1, 2015.
 On May 8, 2017, Larsen was nominated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit by President Donald Trump.
Harry S. Toy (1892 - September 9, 1955) was an American politician, prosecutor, and judge.
 He served as Wayne County Prosecutor (1930-1935), Michigan Attorney General (1935), and a Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court (1935-1937).
 From 1947 to 1950, he was the police commissioner of Detroit.
 Both as a prosecutor and as police commissioner, Toy subscribed to McCarthyism and sought to root out and destroy communism, which Toy blamed for labor activism and various societal ills.
 He planned to run for Governor of Michigan, but died of a heart attack at age 63 in Detroit.
Clifford "Cliff" Taylor is a former American judge who served on the Michigan Supreme Court from 1997 through 2009.
 He served as the Michigan Supreme Court's Chief Justice from 2005 through 2009.
 After his tenure as a judge, he joined the law firm of Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone and served as a visiting law professor at Ave Maria School of Law.
Richard Dale Snyder (born August 19, 1958) is an American politician, business executive, venture capitalist, and accountant who is the 48th and current Governor of Michigan.
 A member of the Republican Party, he assumed office as governor on January 1, 2011.
 From 2005 to 2007, Snyder served as the chairman of the board of Gateway, Inc., based in Irvine, California.
 Prior to his election as governor, he was chairman of the board, chief executive officer, and co-founder of Ardesta LLC, a venture capital firm based out of Ann Arbor, Michigan.
The Michigan Solicitor General or Solicitor General of Michigan is the top appellate lawyer for the State of Michigan.
 It is an appointed position in the Office of the Michigan Attorney General, with supervision over all of the office's major appellate cases and amici briefs.
 The majority of the matters that the Solicitor General handles are argued in the United States Supreme Court and the Michigan Supreme Court, although the Solicitor General is also responsible for Michigan's filings in the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, Michigan's appellate courts, and other federal and state appellate courts.
 On November 21, 2013, Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette named Aaron Lindstrom Michigan Solicitor General and B. Eric Restuccia Deputy Michigan Solicitor General.
Robert P. Young Jr. (born June 13, 1951) is a former Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court.
 Young was first appointed to the Michigan Supreme Court in 1999, elected in 2000 and 2002, and again won reelection in 2010 for a term ending in 2019.
 Justice Young announced he would be retiring from the court at the end of April 2017.
 Young is a self-described judicial traditionalist or textualist.
 Young is readily distinguishable by his bow tie.
 In June 2017, Young announced his intentions to run against Debbie Stabenow in the 2018 senate race.

Question: Joan Louise Larsen was appointed to the Michigan Supreme Court by an American politician who served as what from 2005 to 2007?
Answer: chairman of the board of Gateway, Inc.