Matilde Zimmermann (born September 6, 1943) is an American author and professor who ran as the Socialist Workers Party candidate for United States Vice President in 1980.
 The party had three different Presidential candidates that year, Andrew Pulley, Richard H. Congress and Clifton DeBerry depending on the state.
 She was at the time a writer for the party newspaper "The Militant".
 Zimmermann also ran as an alternate vice presidential candidate for Andrea Gonzales in some states in 1984; Melvin T. Mason was the presidential candidate.
Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1978, the first since 1968 after Urho Kekkonen's term was extended by four years by Parliament.
 The public elected presidential electors to an electoral college on 15 and 16 January.
 They in turn elected the President.
 The result was a victory for Urho Kekkonen, who won on the first ballot.
 The turnout for the popular vote was 64.3.
 Kekkonen had in the spring of 1975 agreed to become the Social Democratic presidential candidate, and after that all the major Finnish political parties chose him as their candidate.
 Kekkonen's opponents, such as the Christian League's presidential candidate Raino Westerholm, claimed that Kekkonen's long presidency weakened the Finnish democracy.
 Over one-third of the Finnish voters abstained from voting, partly as a protest against Kekkonen's expected landslide victory.
 The 77-year-old President Kekkonen's health was already declining, although this fact was not easily noticeable in his public appearances (see, for example, Timo Vihavainen, "The Welfare Finland" (Hyvinvointi-Suomi), pgs.
 883-884 in Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History / Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen.
 Helsinki: WSOY, 2003; Pentti Virrankoski, A History of Finland / Suomen historia, volumes 1&2.
 Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura), 2009, pg.
 963; Aarno Laitinen et al., eds., Tamminiemi's Inheritance Dividers (Tamminiemen pesänjakajat).
 Helsinki: Journalists Ltd. (Lehtimiehet Oy), 1981).
Tsai Ing-wen (; born 31 August 1956) is the President of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan.
 Tsai is the second president from the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).
 Tsai is also the first woman elected to the office.
 She is also the first president to be of both Hakka and aboriginal descent (a quarter Paiwan from her grandmother), the first unmarried president, the first to have never held an elected executive post before presidency, and the first to be popularly elected without having previously served as the Mayor of Taipei (the capital city of Taiwan).
 She is the incumbent Chair of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and was the party's presidential candidate in the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections.
 Tsai previously served as party chair from 2008 to 2012.
Richard Sugarman (born July 12, 1944) is an American academic and political consultant.
 He is a professor of religion at the University of Vermont and "a world-renowned expert on the Lithuanian-born philosopher Emmanuel Levinas."
 He was an advisor to presidential candidate Bernie Sanders on his 2016 presidential campaign.
Willie Mae Reid is an African-American politician who ran as the Socialist Workers Party candidate for Mayor of Chicago in 1975, winning 16,693 votes but coming in third place against Richard J. Daley.
 The number had fallen from the number of signatures she'd acquired to get on the ballot, 66,000.
 She also ran as their vice presidential candidate in 1976 (Presidential candidate: Peter Camejo) and 1992 (Presidential candidate: James "Mac" Warren), winning 91,314 votes.
The Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress (GPDP) is a small political party in the Gambia.
 It is led by Henry Gomez, a resident of Hamburg, Germany.
 The party initially launched Gomez as their presidential candidate for the 2006 elections, but after his candidature was refused by the IEC the party joined the UDP/NRP alliance.
 The GPDP was part of the opposition Coalition 2016 for the 2016 presidential election, where Adama Barrow was selected as the opposition candidate and subsequently won.
Bernard Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is an American politician who has been the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007.
 Sanders is the longest serving independent in U.S. congressional history.
 Since his election to the House of Representatives in 1990, he has caucused with the Democratic Party, which has entitled him to congressional committee assignments and at times given Democrats a majority.
 Sanders became the ranking minority member on the Senate Budget Committee in January 2015; he had previously been chair of the Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee for two years.
Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1931.
 On 15 and 16 January the public elected presidential electors to an electoral college.
 They in turn elected the President.
 The result was a victory for Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, who won on the third ballot by just two votes.
 The turnout for the popular vote was 47.3%.
 This presidential election was held during an ideologically, politically, socially and economically tense time.
 The Great Depression was impoverishing many Finnish farmers and workers.
 The far-right Lapua Movement had not settled for the ban of the Communist Party and its affiliated organizations in the autumn of 1930.
 It wanted to help elect a President who would also strongly oppose the Social Democrats and moderate bourgeois parties, such as the Progressives.
 Although Svinhufvud disapproved of the Lapua Movement's violent kidnappings of left-wing politicians and other illegal acts, he was their preferred presidential candidate.
 Former President K.J. Ståhlberg, a champion of democracy, parliamentarism and the rule of law, had been briefly kidnapped by some activists of the Lapua Movement with his wife in October 1930.
 He was chosen as the Progressive presidential candidate.
 Speaker of the Finnish Parliament, Kyösti Kallio, held ideals similar to those of Ståhlberg, and he became the Agrarian presidential candidate.
 The outgoing President, Lauri Kristian Relander, had lost the Agrarian presidential candidacy to Kallio, because he did not condemn the Lapua Movement as strongly as Kallio did, and a sufficient number of Agrarians believed that Kallio could control the Lapua Movement's extremists more effectively than Relander.
 Right-wing Finns and some centrists, such as a prominent Agrarian parliamentarian, Juho Niukkanen, were concerned that Ståhlberg's re-election (after a six-year break) as the Finnish President would escalate political tensions in Finland.
 The Commander-in-Chief of the Civil Guards (a bourgeois voluntary defence organization), Major General Lauri Malmberg, announced in the Finnish Parliament that he would not guarantee order among the Civil Guards, if Ståhlberg was elected President.
 Svinhufvud's razor-thin victory required Niukkanen's arm-twisting tactics, whereby he pressured all the Agrarian presidential electors to support Svinhufvud.
 This 69-year-old and slightly ailing conservative politician was considered by his supporters as a sufficiently bold, solid and patriotic man to re-unite the ideologically divided Finns.
 His pro-democracy supporters hoped that he could keep both right-wing extremists and left-wing extremists in check (see, for example, Sakari Virkkunen, Finland's Presidents I / Suomen presidentit I. Helsinki: Otava Ltd., 1994, pgs.
 242-245 (Relander), pgs.
 11-14 (Svinhufvud); Pentti Virrankoski, A History of Finland / Suomen historia, volumes 1&2.
 Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society / Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura, 2009, pgs.
 810-816; Raimo Salokangas, "The Independent Republic" (Itsenäinen tasavalta), pgs.
 635-639 in Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History / Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen.
 Helsinki: WSOY, 2003).
In United States presidential elections, an unpledged elector is a person nominated to stand as an elector but who has not pledged to support any particular presidential or vice presidential candidate, and is free to vote for any candidate when elected a member of the Electoral College.
 Presidential elections are indirect, with voters in each state choosing electors on Election Day in November, and these electors choosing the President of the United States and Vice President of the United States in December.
 Electors today are elected in every state by popular vote, and in practice have since the 19th century almost always agreed in advance to vote for a particular candidate — that is, they are said to have been "pledged" to that candidate.
 In the 20th century, however, several elections were contested by unpledged electors, who made no pledge to any candidate before the election.
 These anomalies largely arose over fissures within the Democratic Party over the issues of civil rights and segregation.
 No serious general election campaign has been mounted to elect unpledged electors in any state since 1964.
The 2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses allowed electors to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party's presidential candidate.
 These differed from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they did not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's nominee for the United States presidential election.
 The party's nominee for the 2016 presidential election was chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention, which ran from May 26 to 30, 2016.
 The delegates nominated former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson and former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld.

Question: Richard Sugarman was an advisor to a 2016 presidential candidate that was 1st elected to the House of Representatives in what year? 
Answer: 1990