Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Ottoman Turkish/Persian language: علی قوشچی, "kuşçu" – falconer in Turkish; Latin: "Ali Kushgii") was an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472.
 As a disciple of Ulugh Beg, he is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy, and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation in his treatise, "Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy".
 In addition to his contributions to Ulugh Beg's famous work Zij-i-Sultani and to the founding of Sahn-ı Seman Medrese, one of the first centers for the study of various traditional Islamic sciences in the Ottoman caliphate, Ali Kuşçu was also the author of several scientific works and textbooks on astronomy.
Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh (Chagatai: میرزا محمد طارق بن شاہ رخ , Persian: میرزا محمد تراغای بن شاہ رخ‎ ‎ ), better known as Ulugh Beg () (March 22, 1394 in Sultaniyeh, Persia – October 27, 1449, Samarkand), was a Timurid ruler as well as an astronomer, mathematician and sultan.
 His commonly known name is not truly a personal name, but rather a moniker, which can be loosely translated as "Great Ruler" or "Patriarch Ruler" and was the Turkic equivalent of Timur's Perso-Arabic title "Amīr-e Kabīr".
 His real name was "Mīrzā Mohammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh".
 Ulugh Beg was also notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry.
 He built the great Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand between 1424 and 1429.
 It was considered by scholars to have been one of the finest observatories in the Islamic world at the time and the largest in Central Asia.
 He built the Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417–1420) in Samarkand and Bukhara, transforming the cities into cultural centers of learning in Central Asia.
 He was also a mathematician of the 15th century — albeit his mental aptitude was perseverance rather than any unusual endowment of intellect.
 His observatory is situated in Samarkand which is in Uzbekistan.
 He ruled Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, southern Kazakhstan and most of Afghanistan from 1411 to 1449.
Samarkand (Uzbek: "Samarqand" ; Persian: سمرقند‎ ‎ ; Cyrillic/Russian: "Самарканд" ), alternatively Samarqand or Samarcand, is a city in modern-day Uzbekistan and is one of the oldest inhabited cities in Central Asia.
 There is evidence of human activity in the area of the city from the late Paleolithic era, though there is no direct evidence of when exactly Samarkand was founded; some theories indicate that it was founded between the 8th and 7th centuries BC.
 Prospering from its location on the Silk Road between China and the Mediterranean, at times Samarkand was one of the greatest cities of Central Asia.
Transoxiana (also spelled Transoxania), known in Arabic sources as Mā warāʼ al-Nahr (Arabic: ما وراء النهر‎ ‎ ] – 'what [is] beyond the [Oxus] river') and in Persian as Farārūd (Persian: فرارود‎ ‎ , ] —'beyond the [Amudarya] river'), is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan, and southwest Kazakhstan.
 Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya (Ancient Greek: Ώξος "Ốxos") and Syr Darya rivers.
 The area had been known to the Romans as Transoxania (Land beyond the Oxus), to the Arabs as Mawarannahr (Land Beyond the River), and to the Iranians as Turan, a term used in the Persian national epic Shahnameh.
The Emirate of Bukhara (Persian: امارت بخارا‎ ‎ ; Uzbek: Buxoro amirligi ) was a Central Asian state that existed from 1785 to 1920, which is now modern-day Uzbekistan.
 It occupied the land between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, known formerly as Transoxiana.
 Its core territory was the land along the lower Zarafshan River, and its urban centres were the ancient cities of Samarkand and the emirate's capital, Bukhara.
 It was contemporaneous with the Khanate of Khiva to the west, in Khwarezm, and the Khanate of Kokand to the east, in Fergana.
 It is now within the boundaries of Uzbekistan.
The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires.
 Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history.
 Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century.
 Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, making Delhi one of the longest serving Capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world.
 It is considered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the Indian Subcontinent would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way.
 The core of Delhi's tangible heritage is Hindu, Islamic (spanning over seven centuries of Islamic rule over the city) with expansive British-era architecture in Lutyens' Delhi dating to the British rule in India.
Central Asian Arabic is a variety of Arabic spoken in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, and currently facing extinction.
 It was once spoken among Central Asia's numerous settled and nomadic Arab communities, which inhabited areas in Samarqand, Bukhara, Qashqadarya, Surkhandarya (present-day Uzbekistan), and Khatlon (present-day Tajikistan), as well as Afghanistan.
 The first wave of Arabs migrated to this region in the 8th century during the Muslim conquests and was later joined by groups of Arabs from Balkh and Andkhoy (present-day Afghanistan).
 Owing to heavy Islamic influences, Arabic quickly became the common language of science and literature of the epoch.
 Most Central Asian Arabs lived in isolated communities and did not favour intermarriages with the local population.
 This factor helped their language survive in a multilingual milieu until the 20th century.
 By the 1880s many Arab pastoralists had migrated to northern Afghanistan from what is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan following the Russian conquest of Central Asia.
 These Arabs nowadays speak no Arabic having adapted to Dari and Uzbek.
Tirmizi or Tirmidhi or Termezi (Persian: ترمذی‎ ‎ ) is a surname in Central Asia and South Asia .
 Their forefathers migrated in the 9th or 10th CE to what is now Pakistan (at that time India) from Tirmiz, a town of modern-day Uzbekistan, hence the use of the surname of Tirmizi.
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Jericho ( ; Arabic: أريحا‎ ‎ "Arīḥā " ] ; Hebrew: יְרִיחוֹ‎ "Yeriḥo ") is a city in the Palestinian Territories and is located near the Jordan River in the West Bank.
 It is the administrative seat of the Jericho Governorate, and is governed by the Fatah faction of the Palestinian National Authority.
 In 2007, it had a population of 18,346.
 The city was occupied by Jordan from 1949 to 1967, and has been held under Israeli occupation since 1967; administrative control was handed over to the Palestinian Authority in 1994.
 It is believed to be one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world and the city with the oldest known protective wall in the world.
 It was thought to have the oldest stone tower in the world as well, but excavations at Tell Qaramel in Syria have discovered stone towers that are even older.
Ankawa or Ainkawa (Kurdish: Enkawa‎ , Syriac: ܥܲܢܟܵܒ̣ܵܐ‎ , Arabic: عنكاوا‎ ‎ , "‘ankāwā") is a predominantly Assyrian populated suburb of Erbil, outside the city limits.
 It is seen as the "Assyrian Quarter" of Erbil.
 It is located five miles north-north-west of downtown Erbil, just outside the ring road that is Erbil's city limits, Ankawa is also considered to be one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, its population is estimated to be twenty thousand, the majority of people who live in Ankawa belong and follow the teachings of the catholic churches.

Question: What was the famous work of an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from a city in modern-day Uzbekistan and is one of the oldest inhabited cities in Central Asia ?
Answer: Zij-i-Sultani