Margaret Tudor (28 November 1489 – 18 October 1541) was Queen of Scots from 1503 until 1513 by marriage to James IV of Scotland and then, after her husband died fighting the English, she became regent for their son James V of Scotland.
 She was born at Westminster Palace as the oldest daughter of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and granddaughter of Margaret Beaufort, Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville.
 Margaret Tudor had several pregnancies, but most of her children died young or were stillborn.
 As queen dowager she married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus.
 Through her first and second marriages, respectively, Margaret was the grandmother of both Mary, Queen of Scots, and Mary's second husband, Lord Darnley.
 Margaret's marriage to James IV foreshadowed the Union of the Crowns – their great-grandson, James VI and I, was the first to be monarch of both Scotland and England.
Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 – 11 February 1503) was queen consort of England from 1486 until her death.
 As the wife of Henry VII, she was the first Tudor queen.
 She was the daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III, and she married the king following Henry's victory at the Battle of Bosworth which started the last phase of the Wars of the Roses.
 She was the mother of King Henry VIII.
 Therefore, she was the daughter, sister, niece, wife, mother, and grandmother of successive kings and queens of England.
Duke of Bedford (named after Bedford, England) is a title that has been created six times (for five distinct people) in the Peerage of England.
 The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV's third son, John, who later served as regent of France.
 He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year.
 The titles became extinct on his death in 1435.
 The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville, nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker.
 He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478.
 The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George, the third son of Edward IV.
 He died the following year at the age of two.
 The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor, half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII.
 He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452.
 However, as he was a Lancastrian, his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York.
 He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year.
 He had no legitimate children and the titles became extinct on his death in 1495.
Charles Stuart, 1st (or 5th) Earl of Lennox (1555–1576), was the second son of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox and Margaret Douglas, daughter of Margaret Tudor and granddaughter of King Henry VII of England.
 His brother was Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.
Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Methven (c. 1495 – 1552) was Master of the Scottish Artillery and last husband of Margaret Tudor, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York.
Henry Tudor, who seized the English throne as Henry VII in 1485, and married Elizabeth of York, put an end to the Wars of the Roses.
 Henry VII was a resolute and efficient monarch who centralised political power in the crown.
 He commissioned the celebrated "Henry VII Chapel" at Westminster Abbey, and continued the royal practice of borrowing funds from the City of London for his wars against the French.
 He repaid loans on their due dates, which was something of an innovation.
 Generally, however, he took little interest in enhancing London.
 Nonetheless, the comparative stability of the Tudor kingdom had long-term effects on the city, which grew rapidly during the 16th century.
 The nobility found that power and wealth were now best won by competing for favour at court, rather than by warring amongst themselves in the provinces as they had so often done in the past.
 The Tudor period is considered to have ended in 1603 with the death of Queen Elizabeth.
Sir Hugh Conway was created Lord Treasurer of Ireland in 1494 by King Henry VII of England.
 He replaced Sir James Ormonde as Lord Treasurer of Ireland.
 In 1504 he was appointed Treasurer of Calais by Henry VII ( Cal.
 Pat.
 Rolls Henry VIII, vol.
 ii, 365).
 Hugh Conway was an early supporter of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond (later Henry VII), was sent by Margaret Beaufort, Henry's mother to Henry, in exile in France, in 1483 with a large sum of money and encouragement to invade England through Wales and seize the crown from Richard III.
 Henry did so in 1485 and Richard was killed at the Battle of Bosworth, where Hugh was present.
 Hugh was appointed Keeper of the Great Wardrobe by King Henry VII on 21 September 1485, was knighted in January 1486 at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV, and married Elizabeth Courtenay, daughter of Sir Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon, in 1490.
 Sir Hugh Conway was appointed Sheriff of Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire by Henry VII in 1500.
 Sir Hugh was a son of John ‘ Aer Conwy Hen ’ of Bodrhyddan Hall and Constable of Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire, Wales, by his first marriage, and descended from the ancient line of Conway (Conwy = Wales) and de Crevecouer (The Journal Of The Flintshire Historical Society (Appendix D: Conwy Pedigree (British Museum Harleian MS 1971))).
 Sir Hugh's younger half-brother was Edward Conway who married the heiress of Arrow and Alcester, Warwickshire, and was great-grandfather to Edward Conway, 1st Viscount Conway of Ragley Hall, ancestor of the present family of Seymour Conways, Marquis of Hertford.
Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was the queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422.
 A daughter of Charles VI of France, she married Henry V of England, and gave birth to his heir Henry VI of England.
 Her liaison (and possible secret marriage) with Owen Tudor proved the springboard of that family's fortunes, eventually leading to their grandson's elevation as Henry VII of England.
 Catherine's older sister Isabella was queen of England from 1396 until 1399, as the child bride of Richard II.
Sir Owen Tudor (Welsh: "Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur" , 1400 – 2 February 1461) was a Welsh courtier and the second husband of Catherine of Valois (1401–1437), Henry V's widow.
 He was the grandfather of Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty.
 Owen was a descendant of a prominent family from Penmynydd on the Isle of Anglesey, which traces its lineage back to Ednyfed Fychan (d. 1246), a Welsh official and seneschal to the Kingdom of Gwynedd.
 Tudor's grandfather, Tudur ap Goronwy, married Margaret, daughter of Thomas ap Llywelyn ab Owain of Cardiganshire, the last male of the princely house of Deheubarth.
 Margaret's elder sister married Gruffudd Fychan of Glyndyfrdwy, whose son was Owain Glyndŵr.
 Owen's father, Maredudd ap Tudur, and his uncles were prominent in Owain Glyndŵr's revolt against English rule, the Glyndŵr Rising.
The House of Tudor was an English royal house of Welsh origin, descended in the male line from the Tudors of Penmynydd.
 Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) from 1485 until 1603, with five monarchs in that period.
 The Tudors succeeded the House of Plantagenet as rulers of the Kingdom of England, and were succeeded by the House of Stuart.
 The first Tudor monarch, Henry VII, descended through his mother from a legitimised branch of the English royal House of Lancaster.
 The Tudor family rose to power in the wake of the Wars of the Roses, which left the House of Lancaster, to which the Tudors were aligned, extinct.

Question: The mother of Margaret Tudor married Henry VII after what battle?
Answer: Battle of Bosworth