QIAIUNCC/EYE-TEST-3 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which of the following will be the most important adjuvant therapy in a case of fungal corneal ulcer –
Options:
A. Atropine sulphate eye ointment
B. Dexamethasone eye drops
C. Pilocarpine eye drops
D. Lignocaine eye drops

Rationale: Cycloplegics are used in any corneal disease as a symptomatic treatment.
Atropine ointment or eye drop is the DOC.

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: Corneal vascularisation is/are caused by:
Options:
A. Graft rejection
B. Chemical burn
C. Contact lens use
D. All

Rationale: Ans. A, B and C

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.
Question: All of the following statements are true about congenital rubella except-
Options:
A. It is diagnosed when the infant has IgM antibodies at bih
B. It is diagnosed when Ig G antibodies persist for more than 6 months
C. M.C. congenital defects are deafness, cardiac malformation and cataract
D. Infection after 16 weeks of gestation result in major congenital defects

Rationale: . <p>congenital rubella syndrome:- Refers to infants born with defects secondary to intrauterine infection or who manifest symptoms or signs of intrauterine infection sometime after bih. Congenital infection is considered to have occurred if the infant has IgM antibodies sholy after bih.( as IgM antibodies do not cross placenta,their presence indicate they must have been synthesised by the infant inutero) or if IgG antibodies persist for more than 6 months. At bih virus is easily detected in pharyngeal secretion,multiple organs, CSF ,urine and rectal swabs. Rubella infection inhibits cell division. The classic triad- deafness,cardiac malformation and cataract. Other defects include glaucoma, retinopathy, microcephalus, cerebral palsy, intrauterine growth retardation,hepatosplenomegaly, mental and motor retardation. These defects occuring singly/in combination is known as " congenital rubella syndrome ". Congenital rubella- chronic infection Acquired rubella- acute infection. The gestational age at which maternal infection occurs is a major determinant for extend of foetal infection. 1. First trimester- most disastrous as the organs are developing. Infection during this period results in abnormalities in 85% cases. 2. Second trimester- 16% cases. 3. After 20 weeks- bih defects uncommon. {Reference: park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no.151}</p>

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.
Question: Concentration of tropicamide:
Options:
A. 0.01
B. 0.02
C. 0.03
D. 0.04
Answer- A. 0.01Tropicamide is the shoest acting mydriatic, concentration used is 0.5-l% drops (0.005-0.010).Tropicamide:Concentration used: 0.5-l% drops (0.005-0.010)Duration of action: Though effective for upto 3 hours, maximum effect appear 30 minutes after the last drop and lasts for only 10-15 minutesUsed in Adults.
Question: What is the usual weight of rabbit used in ophthalmological experiments?
Options:
A. 0.5-1 kg
B. 1.5-2.5 kg
C. 5-7 kg
D. 10-12 kg
Ans: B. 1.5-2.5 kg(Ref: Animal Models in Eve Research/ p188).The usual weight of rabbit used in ophthalmological experiments is between 1.5-2.5 Kg. Laboratory Animals:Laboratory AnimalsAnimalWeightRat180-200 gmGuinea Pig400-600 gmMouse20-25 gmRabbit1.5-2.5 KgdegHamster80-90 gm
Question: Most common tumor of lacrimal gland:
Options:
A. Trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture
B. Scaphoid fracture
C. Distal radius fracture
D. Hamate fracture
Ans. d. Hamate fractureMost common tumor of lacrimal gland is Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (37%)> Pleomorphic adenoma (25%). Most commonmalignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland is adenoid cystic carcinoma.Lacrimal Gland TumorMC tumor of lacrimal glandNon-Hodgkin's lymphomadegMC epithelial tumor of lacrimal glandPleomorphic adenomadegMC malignant epithelial tumor of lacrimal glandAdenoid cystic carcinomadeg
Question: Topical administration of I% Pilocarpine failed to produce pupillary constriction in a patient who had a large, dilated pupil What should be the most probable reason?
Options:
A. Adie's tonic pupil
B. Diabetic III nerve palsy
C. Pharmacological blockade
D. Uncal herniation
Ans. c. Pharmacological blockade (Ref-YANNOFF 3/E PG,1052-1055)Pilocarpine I% is a sufficient miotic dose for any eye, but a sphincter with all its cholinergic receptor blockade by atropine or tropicamide (i.e. eye with pharmacological blockade) does not constrict with pilocarpine 1%.
Question: Keyhole-shaped visual field defect is seen in lesion involving which of the following regions?
Options:
A. Optic disk
B. Optic chiasma
C. Lateral geniculate body
D. Occipital lobe
Ans: C. Lateral geniculate body(Ref Walsh and Hoyt; Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology 6/e p122)Key-hole shaped visual field defects are typically seen in the lesions involving lateral geniculate body but keyhole shaped defect (not visual field defect) is seen in the coloboma of Iris.
Question: Cherry red spot and Hollenhorst plaque are seen in:
Options:
A. CRAO
B. CRVO
C. Branch RAO
D. Branch RVO
Ans: A. CRAO(licr Parson's 22/e p320-32l, 21 /e p313,314: Kanski 7/e p559-562: Yanoff and Duker 4/e p522)Cherry red spot & Hollenhorst plaque:Seen in both Central Retinal Aery Occlusion (CRAO) & BRAG.CRAO incidence is more common than BRAG.
Question: Which of the following muscle is not supplied by the nerve marked in the diagram?
Options:
A. Superior oblique
B. Medial rectus
C. Inferior rectus
D. Inferior oblique
The nerve marked in the diagram is oculomotor nerve. It supplies superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique. Superior oblique is supplied by Trochlear nerve.
Question: A patient with a history of diabetes for one year with no other complications should have an ophthalmic examination?
Options:
A. As early as feasible
B. After 5 years
C. After 10 years
D. Only after visual symptoms level
Answer- A i.e. As early as feasibleAll diabetic (IDDM & NIDDM both) aged over 12 years and/or entering pubey should be screened (visual activity measurement and fundus examination by ophthalmoscopy)For retinopathy. and those with risk for visual loss referred to an ophthalmologist.Type I DM (IDDM) require ophthalmoscopic examination within 3 years of diagnosis and annual review. (If lt is diagnosed before the age of pubey).Type II DM (NIDDM) require ophthalmoscopic examination at the time of diagnosis (because it is usually diagnosed after the age of 12 years) and annual review.
Question: Which of the following is not an indication for evisceration?
Options:
A. Malignancy
B. Panophthalmitis
C. Severe globe trauma
D. Expulsive hemorrhage
Ans: A. Malignancy(Ref Yanoff and Duker 4/e p1339)Evisceration of eye is not done in malignancy.Evisceration:Surgical technique removing entire intraocular eye contents.Simpler procedure than enucleation surgery.Advantages:Leaves scleral shell & extraocular muscle attachments intact.Offers better orbital anatomy preservation & natural motility of ophthalmic socket tissues.Contraindications:Documented or suspected intraocular malignant tumors.
Question: Interruption of the optic chiasm will lead to:
Options:
A. Bitemporal hemianopia
B. Binasal hemianopia
C. Homonymous hemianopia
D. Normal vision
Answer- A. Bitemporal hemianopiaInterruption of the optic chiasma will lead to bitemporal homonymous hemianopia because optic chiasma contains crossed over meclial fibers from both optic nerves, which are responsible for temporal Jield of vision."Hemianopia denotes loss of half of the field of vision. The commonest clinical form is homonymous hemianopia, in which the right or left half of the binocular field of vision is lost, owing to loss of the temporal half of one field and lhe nasal half of the other. This condition is due to a lesion situated in any pa of the visual paths from the chiasma to the occipital lobe.
Question: The ETDRS cha is used for visual evaluation in diabetic patients. What does ETDRS stand for
Options:
A. Extended treatment for diabetic retinopathy study
B. Early treatment for diabetic retinopathy study
C. Emergency treatment for diabetic retinopathy study
D. Emerging treatment for diabetic retinopathy study
Answer: B. Early treatment for diabetic retinopathy studyETDRS stands for Early treatment for diabetic retinopathy study
Question: Right trochlear nerve palsy can lead to all except:
Options:
A. Diplopia on upward gaze and adduction
B. Right head tilt
C. Exotropia
D. Hyperopia
Ans: B. Right head tilt(Ref. Yanoff and Duker 4/e p1228)Right trochlear nerve palsy:Accompanied by compensatory contralateral head tilt (left head tilt), not right head tilt.Signs:Classical sign of unilateral fouh nerve palsy is contralateral head tilt (an 'ocular' toicollis).Exhibited by most patients & usually sole presenting sign in children.Non-ophthalmological causes also considered.Presents with veical diplopia.Torsional diplopia - Due to ocular cyclotorsion accompanies veical diplopia in acquired fouh nerve palsy.
Question: Enlargement of the blind spot occurs in which of the following
Options:
A. Primary open angle glaucoma
B. Diabetic macular edema
C. Optic nerve hypoplasia
D. Papilledema
Primary open angle glaucoma - baring of the blind spot Diabetic macular edema - doesn't lead to any visual field defect Optic nerve hypoplasia - it is not developed enough to develop a proper visual field defect Papilledema (it is raised intracranial pressure causing disc edema ) - leads to enlargement of blind spot
Question: First order neuron of visual pathway -
Options:
A. Photoreceptor
B. bipolar neuron
C. lateral geniculate body
D. all of the above
Answer-:A: photoreceptorRods and cones are the first-order receptor cells that respond directly to light stimulation.Bipolar neurons are the second-order neurons that relay stimuli from the rods and cones to the ganglion cells.Ganglion cells third-order neurons that form the optic nerve (CN II).
Question: As compared to blood, vitreous humor has high concentration of:
Options:
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Glucose
D. Ascorbate
Ans: D. Ascorbate(Ref Yanoff and Duker 4/e p353)As compared to blood, vitreous humor has high concentration of ascorbate.
Question: Which of the following is false about indirect opthalmoscopy?
Options:
A. Convex lens is used
B. Image is viual and erect
C. Magnification is 4-5 times
D. It is so bright that regular haziness is penetrated
Answer- B. Image is viual and erectIndirect Ophthalmoscopy:Convex lens is used of +16 to +18 DiopterImage is real and inveedMagnification is 4-5 timesIt is so bright that regular haziness is penetrated, useful for hazy media.
Question: 14 year old child with blindness, sensorineural hearing loss, progressive hematuria, hypeension with similar family history in father
Options:
A. Alpo syndrome
B. Goldenhar syndrome
C. Goodpasture syndrome
D. Nager syndrome
Answer: A. Alpo syndrome* Alpo syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities.* People with Alpo syndrome experience progressive loss of kidney function.* Almost all affected individuals have blood in their urine (hematuria), which indicates abnormal functioning of the kidneys.
Question: Which of the following is true about degenerative myopia?
Options:
A. More common in males as compared to females
B. Myopic degeneration can lead to retinal detachment
C. It is seen in less than 6 dioptres of myopia.
D. The condition has no racial prediliction.
Ans. b. Myopic degeneration can lead to retinal detachmentDegenerative myopia: ? It is seen in more than 6 dioptres of myopia.? More common in females as compared to males.? The condition has a racial predilection; it is more common in Jews and Japenese people, and most cases are of genetic origin.Patients with degenerative myopia typically complain of decreased vision, headaches, and sensitivity to light. If retinal degeneration or detachment is present, patients may also repo light flashes and floaters, which are associated with retina changes. Those with degenerative myopia have an increased incidence of cataract formation (nuclear cataracts are most typical).Some of the most typical features of degenerative myopia are:Vitreous liquefaction and posterior vitreous detachmentPeripapillary atrophy appearing as temporal choroidal or scleral crescents or rings around the optic discLattice degeneration in the peripheral retinaTilting or malinseion of the optic disc, usually associated with myopic conusThinning of the retinal pigment epithelium with resulting atrophic appearance of the fundusEctasia of the sclera posteriorly (posterior staphyloma)Breaks in Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris, resulting in lines across the fundus called "lacquer cracks"Fuchs spot in the macular area.
Question: Capillary microaneurysms is an earliest sign of:March 2013
Options:
A. Vitreous hemorrhage
B. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
C. Trauma
D. Hypeensive retinopathy
Ans. B i.e. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathyDiabetic retinopathyFundus examination in DM:- NIDDM: As early as possible- IDDM: 5 years after diagnosis of DMIncidence of diabetic retinopathy increases with disease duration
Question: Stenopic slit'is used for all except-
Options:
A. Fincham's test
B. Determine the axis of cylinder
C. Corneal tattooing
D. lridectomy
Ans: C. Corneal tattooingRef: A, K. Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmologt,4,h ed.Stenopic slit is useful in finding out the axis of the cylinder.(option b) stenopic slit is used in cases of corneal opacities to find out the optimal site for optical iridectomy.After dilating the pupil with a mydriatic, the slit is rotated in front of the eye and the axis which gives maximum clarity is chosen for optical iridectomy
Question: Cherry red spot after trauma is seen in children due to:
Options:
A. CRAO
B. CRVO
C. Berlin's edema
D. Niemann-Pick's disease
Ans: C. Berlin's edema(Ref Kanski 7/e p882: Parson's 22/e p392, 21/e p382, 20/e p367; Yanoff and Duker 4/e p671)Cherry red spot after trauma in children due to Berlin's edema.Commotio retinae (Berlin's Edema):Common occurrence following a eye blow.Manifests as milky white cloudiness involving posterior pole with a 'cherry-red spot' in foveal region.Appear after some days or may be followed by pigmentary changes.Most frequently affect temporal fundus.
Question: In 3rd nerve palsy all seen except?
Options:
A. Pupil dilation
B. Ptosis
C. Outward upward rolling of pupil
D. Impaired pupillary reflex
Ans: A. Pupil dilationRef: American Academy of Ophthalmolog 2018, third nerve palsyThe pathway for pupillary constriction for each eye has an afferent limb taking sensory information to the midbrain, and two efferent limbs (one to each eye).
Question: IOL placed in the young male., After 10 year what should be done..?
Options:
A. IOL should be removed in case of Posterior Capsule ossification
B. Never be removed
C. Remove when presbyopia sets in
D. Should be changed after 10 year
Answer A. IOL should be removed in case of Posterior Capsule ossification 1. The indications for removing an intraocular lens (IOL) are:Chronic uveitisEndothelial corneal dystrophyUncontrollalbe glaucomaMetal loop cutting pupillary sphincterGross decentration of IOL (fibrous bands)Extraocular dislocation of IOL G. Recurrent severe hyphemaDevelopment of rubeosis iridisRemoval of iris (1) Iris tumor (2) Epithelial downgrowthEndophthalmitisUnilateral IOL in pending bilateral aphakia 2. The following may be indications for removing and/or replacing and/or replacing an IOL:Wrong dioptric powerForeign body attached to IOLIOL covered with pigmentRepair retinal detachment after extracapsular cataract extractionChoyce lens too shoDannheim IOL with absorbed supramid loop tipsDislocated Ridley IOLSclero-conjunctival erosion of Strampelli's "external-fixation" IOL loop Reference - <a href="
Question: The most common mode of spread of retinoblastoma:
Options:
A. Optic nerve invasion
B. Lymphatics
C. Vascular
D. Direct invasion
Ans: A. Optic nerve invasion(Ref Kanski 7/e p510-517; Yanoff and Duker 4/e p793)Most common mode of retinoblastoma spread-By optic nerve invasion.Direct extension by continuity to optic nerve & brain seen.Retinoblastoma:Primary malignant intraocular neoplasm.Arising from immature retinoblasts within developing retina.Most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood in all-racial groups.Strong tendencies invading brain optic nerve & metastasize widely.
Question: In which of the following, long spaced collagen present?
Options:
A. Diaphragm
B. Cornea
C. Basement membrane
D. Tympanic membrane
Answer- B. Cornea'Long-spacing collagen is a common component of normal human corneal stroma and its occurrence seems to correlatewith the age-related changes of the tissue.Corneal transparency is mainly dependent on the arrangement of these collagen fibers in stroma.
Question: Optic atrophy is not seen in:
Options:
A. Retinitis pigmentosa
B. Methanol poisoning
C. Central retinal aerial occlusion (CRAO)
D. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Answer- D. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathyRetinitis pigmentosa, Methanol poisoning and Central retinal aerial occlusion (CRAO) can lead to optic atrophy.Occurs secondary to retinal disease (disease of inner retina or its blood supply)Its ascending type of optic atrophy.Causes:Retinitis pigmentosaCRAOExtensive retino choroiditis
Question: Universal marker of limbal epithelial stem cells:
Options:
A. Elastin
B. Keratin
C. Collagen
D. ABCG2
Ans: D. ABCG2(Ref Indian J Med Res. 2008 Aug:128(2):149-56. PM1D:19001678; http://wwwstembook.org/node/588).ABCG2:Universal marker of limbal epithelial stem cells.Limbal Stem Cell Marker.Keratin (K3-K13) = Corneal Stem Cell Marker
Question: True statements regarding Direct Ophthalmoscopy are all except:
Options:
A. Image is viual and erect
B. 2 disk diameter field of vision
C. Magnification is 5 times
D. Self-illuminated device
Ans: C. Magnification is 5 times(Ref Parson's 22/e p137-139. 20/c p126-133).In direct ophthalmoscopy magnification = 15 times.In indirect ophthalmoscopy, magnification = 4-5 times.FeaturesDirect ophthalmoscopyIndirect OphthalmoscopyCondensing lensNot requiredRequired (Convex Examination distanceAs close to patient's eye as possibleAt an arm's lengthImageViual, erectdegReal, inveedMagnificationAbout 15 timesdeg4-5 timesdegIlluminationNot so bright, so not useful in hazy Bright, so useful for hazy Area of field in focusAbout 2 disc dioptersdegAbout 8 disc dioptersdegStereopsisAbsentPresentAccessible fundus viewSlightly beyond equatorUp to Ora serrata i.e. PeripheralretinadegExamination through hazy Not possiblePossibledegPatient positionSittingSupineEaseEasy procedure for visualization ofposterior pole of retinaDifficult, require training
Question: Intraocular pressure in pregnancy
Options:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains same
D. None
Answer: B. DecreasesPregnancy, paicularly the second half, is associated with decreased IOP in healthy eyes.