QIAIUNCC/EYE-TEST-3 huggingface dataset:
Question: A person suffered an injury in right eye with a tennis ball. Following which he developed pain and on fundus examination a red spot is seen at the macula. What is the most probable diagnosis
Options:
A. Berlin's edema
B. Macular bleed
C. Macular hole
D. Macular tear

Rationale: A i.e. Berlin's edema

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: True about Macula Densa is/are:
Options:
A. Also known as Tubulo glomerular feedback.
B. Macula densa senses change in NaCl concentration.
C. For autoregulation of GFR.
D. All of the above.

Rationale: Function of Macula Densa (Tubulo glomerular feedback): 

Macula densa senses change in NaCl concentration. 
For autoregulation of GFR.

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.
Question: Following are complications of chicken pox except-
Options:
A. Meningitis
B. Pneumonia
C. Enteritis
D. Reyes Syndrome

Rationale: Ans. is 'c' i.e., Enteritis

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: Iris bombe is due to -
Options:
A. Segmental posterior synechiae
B. Total posterior synechiae
C. Ring synechiae
D. Anterior synechiae

Rationale: Annular posterior synechiae (ring synechiae) are 360o adhesions of pupillary margin to anterior capsule of lens. These prevent the circulation of aqueous humour from posterior chamber to anterior chamber (seclusio pupillae). Thus, the aqueous collects behind the iris and pushes it anteriorly (leading to 'iris-bombe' formation)

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: Use of stenopaeic slit are all except:-
Options:
A. Fincham's test
B. Corneal tattooing
C. Optical Iridectomy
D. To find out the axis in astigmatism

Rationale: *The Stenopic slit found in all the trial sets is 1-2 mm by 15-35 mm in size. It splits an opaque disc into two halves. *It has many uses in Ophthalmology. *Fincham test is used to differentiate that coloured halos are due to early cataract or acute congestive glaucoma related corneal decompensation. * A stenopic slit is passed across the pupil& halos are observed. If those are broken halos , cataract is the most common cause. If brightness is reduced but halos are intact, cornea is the common cause. *Stenopic slit is useful in finding out the axis of the cylinder. *Stenopic slit is used in cases of corneal opacities to find out the optimal site for optical iridectomy. After dilating the pupil with a mydriatic, the slit is rotated in front of the eye and the axis which gives maximum clarity is chosen for optical iridectomy. Ref: Parson's Diseases of the eye, 22nd/e p.204

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: Onodi cells and haller cells are seen in relation to:
Options:
A. Optic nerve and floor of orbit
B. Optic nerve and frontal sinus
C. Optic nerve and ethmoid air cells
D. Optic chiasma and nasolacrimal duct

Rationale: "Onodi cell" is the posterior most posterior ethmoid cell extending lateral to the sphenoid sinus. While removing disease from the Onodi cells there are chances of injury to optic nerve and internal carotid which lie in the vicinity. The posterior ethmoidal cells in the floor of orbit are known as "Haller cells".

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: Illuminated frenzel glasses are used in detecting?
Options:
A. Nystagmus
B. Heterophoria
C. Esotropia
D. Astigmatism

Rationale: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nystagmus Illuminated frenzel galsses (+20 lenses) are useful for abolishing fixation and thus revealing peripheral vestibular nystagmus.

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: Shifting fluid sign is seen in:
Options:
A. Exudative retinal detachment
B. Tractional retinal detachment
C. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
D. Retinal hole

Rationale: Shifting fluid is seen in exudative retinal detachmentwhich occurs due to exudation of fluid from the choroid which collects in the subretinal space. -Causes: Inflammatory conditions like choroiditis, posterior scleritis Choroidal tumors like melanoma Toxemia of pregnancy Malignant hypeension Coats disease -Clinical features: Floaters due to vitritis but no photopsia Visual field defect Detached retina appears smooth & convex in configuration. No break is seen. -Treatment: Systemic steroids Treatment of the cause

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: Children with apathy, general weakness, loosening of skin, marasmic features also has X3 B xerophthalmia features. Eye finding will be ?
Options:
A. Corneal ulcer with thickening
B. Corneal ulcer with full thickness
C. Hyperemia
D. Conjunctivalxerosis

Rationale: Ans. is 'b' i.e., Corneal ulcer with full thickness

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: Shaken baby syndrome triad includes all except:
Options:
A. Retinal hemorrhaging
B. Brain swelling
C. Subdural hematoma
D. CSF Rhinorrhea

Rationale: This syndrome was first reported by Guthkelch in 1971.

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.
Question: Keratic precipitates are seen in which layer of the cornea?
Options:
A. Corneal epithelium
B. Corneal endothelium
C. Descemet's membrane
D. Bowman's membrane

Rationale: Keratic precipitates are cellular deposits on corneal endothelium compared to epitheloid cells, lymphocytes, polymorphs.

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: Knudsen's two hit hypothesis is for
Options:
A. Glaucoma
B. Retinoblastoma
C. Optic glioma
D. Meningioma

Rationale: Knudson gave the hypothesis that there are two mutations needed for Retinoblastoma to manifest. Either both hits are on somatic cells or one is at the somatic cells and one is at germ cell. Respectively, it can be sporadic or a hereditary case Refer khurana 6/e p 303

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: Commonest tumour at inner canthus of eye -
Options:
A. Rodent ulcer
B. Dermoid cyst
C. Malignant melanoma
D. Buruli ulcer

Rationale: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rodent ulcer

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: All are ophthalmological emergencies except ?
Options:
A. CRAO
B. CRVO
C. Acute congestive glaucoma
D. Endophthalmitis

Rationale: Ans. is 'b' i.e., CRVO Ocular emergencies include those conditions that result in acute, severe pain in association with sudden vision loss, or that may lead to vision loss if left untreated; and traumatic conditions that affect globe or adnexa. Comon ophthalmic emergencies are :- Acute congestive glaucoma Ulcerative or traumatic corneal diseases Hyphema Acute blindness Eyelid or conjunctival laceration Anterior lens subluxation Ruptured globe Optic neuritis Endophthalmitis Orbital cellulitis Central retinal aerial occlusion (CRAG) Retinal detachment

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: Diabetes mellitus can cause the following in the eye except:
Options:
A. Cataract
B. Retinopathy
C. Anterior ischemic neuropathy
D. Neuroparalytic keratitis

Rationale: Ans. Neuroparalytic keratitis

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.
Question: Loss of lateral 1/3rd' of eyebrow is seen in -
Options:
A. Lepromatous leprosy
B. Taenia capitis
C. Tuberculosis
D. Tetanus

Rationale: Lepramatous leprosy is characterised by widespread nodules & infiltration ,with loss of lateral one third of eyebrows (madarosis). It is a immune complex(type 2) reaction. Nerve involvement will be late. Loss of sensation will be late. Reference Harrison20th edition pg 1054

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: The following Vitamin deficiency is manifested principally by lesions of the mucocutaneous surfaces of the mouth and skin, corneal vascularization, anemia and personality changes:
Options:
A. Thiamine
B. Riboflavin
C. Pyridoxine
D. Cyanocobalamin

Rationale: (B) Riboflavin # Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) is a precursor of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate, which functions in carbohydrate metabolism. Deficiency leads to beriberi in humans and to polyneuritis in birds. Good sources include brewer's yeast, wheatgerm, beans, peas, and green vegetables.> Vitamin B2 (RIBOFLAVIN) occurs in green vegetables, yeast, liver, and milk. It is a constituent of the coenzymes FAD and FMN, which have an important role in the metabolism of all major nutrients as well as in the oxidative phosphorylation reactions of the electron transport chain. Deficiency of B2 causes inflammation of the tongue and lips and mouth sores.> Riboflavin deficiency is manifested principally by lesions of the mucocutaneous surfaces of the mouth and skin. In addition to the mucocutaneous lesions, corneal vascularization, anemia, and personality changes have been described with riboflavin deficiency.> Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is widely distributed in cereal grains, yeast, liver, milk, etc. It is a constituent of a coenzyme (pyridoxal phosphate) involved in amino acid metabolism. Deficiency causes retarded growth, dermatitis, convulsions, and other symptoms.> Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin; cobalamin) is manufactured only by microorganisms and natural sources are entirely of animal origin. Liver is especially rich in it. One form of B12 functions as a coenzyme in a number of reactions, including the oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of DNA. It also works in conjunction with folic acid (another B vitamin) in the synthesis of the amino acid methionine and it is required for normal production of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 can only be absorbed from the gut in the presence of a glycoprotein called intrinsic factor; lack of this factor or deficiency of B12 results in pernicious anaemia.

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: A patient of motor vehicle accident was admitted to the casualty. He does not speak but moans every now and then, eyes are closed but opens to pain, the right limb is not moving but the left limb shows movement to pain. Both the legs are in extended posture. What will be the GCS score?
Options:
A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11

Rationale: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Eye Opening Verbal response Best Motor Response spontaneous 4 oriented 5 Obey commands 6 To loud voice 3 Confused, disoriented 4 Localises pain 5 To pain 2 Inappropriate words 3 Flexion (withdrawal) to pain 4 No response 1 Incomprehensible sounds 2 Abnormal flexion posturing 3 No response 1 Extension posturing 2 No response 1

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: Methanol attacks ?
Options:
A. Cones
B. Rods
C. Ganglion cells of retina
D. Germinal cell layer

Rationale: Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ganglion cells of retina Methyl alcohol is metabolised very slowly and thus stays for a longer period in the body. It is oxidised into formic acid and formaldehyde in the tissues. These toxic agents cause oedema followed by degeneration of the ganglion cells of the retina, resulting in complete blindness due to optic atrophy.

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: Posterior staphyloma, most common cause –
Options:
A. Trauma
B. Myopia
C. Iridocyclitis
D. Glaucoma

Rationale: Staphyloma
Staphyloma is an abnormal protrusion of uveal tissue through a weak and thin portion of cornea or sclera
 
So, a staphyloma is lined internally by uveal tissue and externally by weak cornea or sclera.
o Staphyloma is divided anatomically into : -
 
Anterior staphyloma: - Protrusion and adhesion ofiris to ectatic cornea. The most common cause is a sloughing corneal ulcer which perforates and heals with the formation of pseudocornea by the organization of exudates and laying down of fibrous tissue. It is lined internally by iris.
 
Intercalary staphyloma: - It occurs at the limbus. It islined internally by the root of iris and the anterior most portion of the ciliary body. The causes are perforating injuries to limbus, marginal corneal ulcer, anterior scterilis, Scleromalacia perforans, Complicated cataract surgery, secondary angle closure glaucoma.
 
Ciliary staphyloma : This affects the ciliary zone thatincludes the region upto 8 mm behind the limbus. The ciliary body is incarcerated in the region of scleral ectasia. Causes arc Developmental glaucoma. Primary or secondary glaucoma end stage, scleritis, trauma to ciliary region.
 
Equatorial staphyloma : - This occurs at theequatorial region of the eye with incarceration of the choroid.
 
Causes are scleritis, degenerative myopia and chronic uncontrolled glaucoma.
Posterior staphyloma : - Occurs at posterior pole andis lined internally by choroid. Degenerative high axial myopia is the most common cause.

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: A patient wakes up at 3 AM with acute pain. O/E 7 hours later the eye appears quiet, with mild corneal stippling and irregularity. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Options:
A. Contact lens over wear syndrome
B. Corneal ulcer
C. Recurrent corneal erosion
D. Angle closure glaucoma

Rationale: Recurrent corneal erosions (recurrent keratalgia). These may sometimes follow simple abrasions, especially those caused by finger nail trauma. Patient usually gets recurrent attacks of acute pain and lacrimation on opening the eye in the morning. This occurs due to abnormally loose attachment of epithelium to the underlying Bowman's membrane. Treatment. Loosely attached epithelium should be removed by debridement and 'pad and bandage' applied for 48 hours, so that firm healing is established. Angle closure glaucoma doesn't cause pain at night since during sleep the pupils are constricted.

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: Lymphoid tissue called Waldeyer's ring is situated in:
Options:
A. Nasopharynx
B. Oropharynx
C. Both nasopharynx and oropharynx
D. Base of tongue

Rationale: Waldeyer's ring consists of subepilhelial collection of lymphoid tissue. It comprises adenoid, tubal tonsil (both in nasopharynx) and palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils and granules in posterior pharyngeal wall (in oropharynx).

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: What is irregular astigmatism -
Options:
A. Perpendicular principal meridians
B. Non perpendicular principal meridians
C. Any of the above
D. None of the above

Rationale: It is characterized by an irregular change of refractive power in different meridia. There are multiple meridia which admit no geometrical analysis.the principal meridians are not perpendicular to each other Image : Corneal topographies in regular and irregular astigmatisms. A: Regular astigmatism of 4.0 diopters with two perpendicular main meridians. B: Irregular astigmatism of 6.5 diopters with non-perpendicular main meridians. Reference : A K KHURANA OPHTALMOLOGY,Edition 4,Page-38

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: Syneresis refers to:
Options:
A. Liquefaction of the vitreous
B. Black spots in front of the eye
C. Collapse of the vitreous
D. Detachment of the vitreous

Rationale: Ans. Collapse of the vitreous

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: Retinal detachment is -
Options:
A. Separation of sensory epithelium from pi gmented epithelium
B. Separation of pigmented epithelium from choroid
C. Separation of nuclear layer from plexiform layer
D. None

Rationale: Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Separation of sensory epithelium from pigmented epithelium [Ref: Khurana 4th/ e p. 276)o Retina has total ten layers from with out inward (i) Pigmented epithelium, (ii) Layers of Rods & cones, (iii) External limiting membrane. (iv) Outer nuclear layer, (v) Outer plexiform layers, (vi) Inner nuclear layer, (vii) Inner plexiform layer, (viii) Ganglionic cell layer, (ix) Nerve fibre layer, (x) Internal limiting membraneo Broadly these layers are subdivided into two layers based on the functionNeurosensorv layer or sensory layer (containing layers ii to x of above 10 layers) for vision.Pigmented epithelium (layer i)Provide metabolic support to neurosensorv layer and acts as an antireflective layer.o So, inner layers are included in neurosensorv layer and outer most layer is retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)o Retinal detachment is a disorder of eye in which retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue,o Usually there is separation between the neuroepithelium (neurosensory epithelium or sensory epithelium) and the pigmented layer, because there is a potential space between these two layers where fluid can accumulates and can cause separation.

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: All are included in vision 2020, except
Options:
A. Cataract
B. Trachoma
C. Epidemic conjunctivitis
D. Glaucoma

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: Chlolinomimetics are used in:
Options:
A. Glaucoma.
B. Myasthenia gravis.
C. Post operative atony.
D. All of the Above.

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.
Question: The fibers from contralateral nasal hemiretina project to the following layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus
Options:
A. Layers 2,3,5
B. Layers 1,2,6
C. Layers 1,4,6
D. Layers 4,5,6

Rationale: Ganong's review of Medical Physiology, 25th ed, p 190

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: Anterior focal point is at distance of in front of cornea in recuded eye
Options:
A. 22.6 mm
B. 17.2 mm
C. 15.7 mm
D. 24.13 mm

Rationale: Answer- C. 15.7 mmAnterior Focal Point- 15.7 mm

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: The efferent limb of the corneal reflex Is -
Options:
A. Accessory nerve
B. Facial nerve
C. Glossopharyngeal nerve
D. Trigeminal nerve

Rationale: The corneal reflex, also known as the blink reflex, is an involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by stimulation of the cornea (such as by touching or by a foreign body) Corneal reflex-The reflex is mediated by: the nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) sensing the stimulus on the cornea only (afferent fiber). the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve (CN VII) initiating the motor response (efferent fiber). The facial nerve (CN VII) provides the efferent limb of the corneal reflex (orbicularis oculi muscle) fig:- digramatic representaion of corneal reflex pathway

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: The treatment of choice of fellow eye of acute angle closure glaucoma is –
Options:
A. Pilocarpine
B. Nd: YAG laser iridotomy
C. Peripheral iridectomy
D. Careful follow up

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: Thinnest pa of scelra is:
Options:
A. At the entrance of optic nerve
B. Site of entrance of ciliary nerves
C. Corneoscleral junction
D. At the inseion of recti muscles

Rationale: The sclera is much thicker behind than in front; the thickness of its posterior pa at the macula is 1 mm. The sclera thins to 0.3 mm just behind the recti muscle inseions (about 6 mm behind the corneoscleral junction) and this area is extremely vulnerable to traumatic rupture. In fact this is the most common site of a ruptured globe due to blunt trauma.At the equator the sclera measures 0.4-0.5 mm in thickness.It is thickest behind, near the entrance of the optic nerve. However it is weakest at the entrance of theoptic nerve.

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.
Question: Pa of cornea affected most in neuroparalytic keratopathy: September 2012
Options:
A. Temporal 3rd of cornea
B. Inferior 3rd of cornea
C. Superior 3rd of cornea
D. Inferior 3rd of cornea

Rationale: Ans. B i.e. Inferior 3rd of corneaNeuroparalytic keratopathy is improper closure of eye due to facial nerve palsy Neurotrophic keratopathy is paralysis of sensory supply of cornea i.e. trigeminal or Gasserian ganglion

Answer: OPTION B IS CORRECT.
Question: Which of the following do not penetrate cornea?
Options:
A. Gonococci
B. Neisseria meningitis
C. Pseudomonas
D. Corynebacterium diphtheria

Rationale: Ans. (c) PseudomonasRef: Yanoff& Ducker-ophthalmology 2nded p 04, Khurana 4,hed./ 92

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: A 3-year-old child presented with fatigue, malaise, fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, abdominal pain and myalgia. O/E Generalized lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly, Tonsillar enlargement Palatal petechiae Rashes and edema of the eyelids. Some weird cells were observed in the peripheral blood. A specific serological test was performed Which of the following receptor is involved in the pathogenesis of the above disease: -
Options:
A. CD21
B. CD20
C. CD19
D. CD117

Rationale: This is a case of Infectious mononucleosis. So, there are no B-cells in X-linked agammaglobulinemia to be affected. 1st image shows tonsillitis with membrane formation Peripheral blood film shows atypical lymphocytes or Downey cells are lymphocytes that become large as a result of antigen stimulation. B cells are the main reservoir of infection. An EBV envelope glycoprotein binds CD21 (CR2), the receptor for the C3d component of complement, which is present on B cells.

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: Which drug can cause macular toxicity when given intravitreally?
Options:
A. Gentamicin
B. Vancomycin
C. Dexamethasone
D. Ceftazidime

Rationale: A i.e. Gentamycin Treatment Plan of Endophthalmitis Treatment should not be delayed if endophthalmitis is suspected in the setting of penetrating trauma. Generally introcular antibiotics are used together with systemic and topical treatment. Broad spectrum coverage such as Vancomycin plus Cetazidine or an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is suggested and treatment should cover Bacillus species (Vancomycin &/or clindamycin) which are found in association with penetrating trauma with relatively high frequency. Ceftazidine provides an alternative to gentamycin injection, which can be associated with toxicity because of macular infarction.Q The use of intraocular coicosteroid injection is controversial & probably should not be used if fungal infection is suspected. Vitrectomy may play a therapeutic role as it debrides the vitreous abscess.

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: A series of houses are surveyed and found to have 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 6. 7 children respectively. Find the mean median and mode of the following:
Options:
A. 3, 3, 4
B. 2. 3. 4
C. 3.3.2
D. 1.2.3

Rationale: Ref: K. Pork. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine,. 22nd edition. P 790Explanation:Mean, median and mode are the measures of central tendency.Mean:It is calculated by summing all the observations and then dividing by number of observations. It is generally denoted by .x. It is calculated as follows.Mean (x) = Sum of the values of all observations (Sx) / Total number of observations (n)Mathematicallyx = Sx / nIt is influenced by extreme valuesMedian:Median is a locative measure which is the middlemost observation after all the values are arranged in ascending or descending order. In other words median is that -value which divides the entire data set into 2 equal parts, when the data set is ordered in an ascending (or descending) fashion.In case when there is odd number of observations we have a single most middle value which is the median value. In case when even number of observations is present there are two middle values and the median is calculated by taking the mean of these two middle observations. Thus!Median ={ n +1 /2 : when n is odd}Unlike mean, median is not influenced by extreme values.Mode:Mode is the most common value that repeats itself in the data set.Though mode is easy to calculate, at times it may he impossible to calculate mode if we do not have any value repeating itself in the data set.In this case mean is 3.3, median 2.5 and mode is 2. Most suitable option is C.

Answer: OPTION C IS CORRECT.
Question: About Neurofibromatosis all is true except-
Options:
A. Autosomal recessive
B. Associated with cataract
C. Scoliosis
D. Multiple fibroma

Rationale: Neurofibromatosis comprises two distinct disorders -
Neurofibromatosis I
Neurofibromatosis II
The genes for these are located on different chromosomes.
Both are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.
The classical form of the disease with multiple neuromas is called Neurofibromatosis I and is caused by a mutation of the gene neurofibromin on chromosome 17.

Answer: OPTION A IS CORRECT.
Question: Earliest change in diabetic retinopathy is:
Options:
A. Hard exudate
B. Soft exudate
C. Dot haemorrhage
D. Microaneurysm

Rationale: Ans. Microaneurysm

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.
Question: All of the following are included in grievous injury/hu except -
Options:
A. Loss of testis
B. Loss of eye
C. Loss of kidney
D. Abrasion of the face

Rationale: The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology;Dr k.s narayan reddy; 28th edition; pg.no. 154& 155 ; Abrasion on face will not be a permanent disfiguration of face ,hence not grievous hu ,all the other comes under grievous hu .

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.
Question: Which of the following antiglaucoma drug can lead to drowsiness
Options:
A. Apraclonidine
B. Dipevefrine
C. Timolol
D. Brimonidine

Rationale: Brimonidine is α2 - blocker used for glaucoma that depress CNS and can lead to drowsiness.
It can cross BBB and also lead to apnea in newborns.

Answer: OPTION D IS CORRECT.