CVE-2023-45898: Use After Free (CWE-416)
value: The Linux kernel before 6.5.4 has an es1 use-after-free in fs/ext4/extents_status.c, related to ext4_es_insert_extent.
CWE description: The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.
CVSS v3 base score: 7.8
Published: 2023-10-16T03:15Z
Repository: https://github.com/torvalds/linux
Language: C
Files changed: fs/ext4/extents_status.c
Commit date: 2023-08-27 11:27:13 -0400
Commit message: ext4: fix slab-use-after-free in ext4_es_insert_extent()

Yikebaer reported an issue:
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in ext4_es_insert_extent+0xc68/0xcb0
fs/ext4/extents_status.c:894
Read of size 4 at addr ffff888112ecc1a4 by task syz-executor/8438

CPU: 1 PID: 8438 Comm: syz-executor Not tainted 6.5.0-rc5 #1
Call Trace:
 [...]
 kasan_report+0xba/0xf0 mm/kasan/report.c:588
 ext4_es_insert_extent+0xc68/0xcb0 fs/ext4/extents_status.c:894
 ext4_map_blocks+0x92a/0x16f0 fs/ext4/inode.c:680
 ext4_alloc_file_blocks.isra.0+0x2df/0xb70 fs/ext4/extents.c:4462
 ext4_zero_range fs/ext4/extents.c:4622 [inline]
 ext4_fallocate+0x251c/0x3ce0 fs/ext4/extents.c:4721
 [...]

Allocated by task 8438:
 [...]
 kmem_cache_zalloc include/linux/slab.h:693 [inline]
 __es_alloc_extent fs/ext4/extents_status.c:469 [inline]
 ext4_es_insert_extent+0x672/0xcb0 fs/ext4/extents_status.c:873
 ext4_map_blocks+0x92a/0x16f0 fs/ext4/inode.c:680
 ext4_alloc_file_blocks.isra.0+0x2df/0xb70 fs/ext4/extents.c:4462
 ext4_zero_range fs/ext4/extents.c:4622 [inline]
 ext4_fallocate+0x251c/0x3ce0 fs/ext4/extents.c:4721
 [...]

Freed by task 8438:
 [...]
 kmem_cache_free+0xec/0x490 mm/slub.c:3823
 ext4_es_try_to_merge_right fs/ext4/extents_status.c:593 [inline]
 __es_insert_extent+0x9f4/0x1440 fs/ext4/extents_status.c:802
 ext4_es_insert_extent+0x2ca/0xcb0 fs/ext4/extents_status.c:882
 ext4_map_blocks+0x92a/0x16f0 fs/ext4/inode.c:680
 ext4_alloc_file_blocks.isra.0+0x2df/0xb70 fs/ext4/extents.c:4462
 ext4_zero_range fs/ext4/extents.c:4622 [inline]
 ext4_fallocate+0x251c/0x3ce0 fs/ext4/extents.c:4721
 [...]
==================================================================

The flow of issue triggering is as follows:
1. remove es
      raw es               es  removed  es1
|-------------------| -> |----|.......|------|

2. insert es
  es   insert   es1      merge with es  es1     merge with es and free es1
|----|.......|------| -> |------------|------| -> |-------------------|

es merges with newes, then merges with es1, frees es1, then determines
if es1->es_len is 0 and triggers a UAF.

The code flow is as follows:
ext4_es_insert_extent
  es1 = __es_alloc_extent(true);
  es2 = __es_alloc_extent(true);
  __es_remove_extent(inode, lblk, end, NULL, es1)
    __es_insert_extent(inode, &newes, es1) ---> insert es1 to es tree
  __es_insert_extent(inode, &newes, es2)
    ext4_es_try_to_merge_right
      ext4_es_free_extent(inode, es1) --->  es1 is freed
  if (es1 && !es1->es_len)
    // Trigger UAF by determining if es1 is used.

We determine whether es1 or es2 is used immediately after calling
__es_remove_extent() or __es_insert_extent() to avoid triggering a
UAF if es1 or es2 is freed.

Reported-by: Yikebaer Aizezi <yikebaer61@gmail.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CALcu4raD4h9coiyEBL4Bm0zjDwxC2CyPiTwsP3zFuhot6y9Beg@mail.gmail.com
Fixes: 2a69c450083d ("ext4: using nofail preallocation in ext4_es_insert_extent()")
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230815070808.3377171-1-libaokun1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

Diff: diff --git a/fs/ext4/extents_status.c b/fs/ext4/extents_status.c
index 9b5b8951afb4..6f7de14c0fa8 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/extents_status.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/extents_status.c
@@ -876,27 +876,33 @@ void ext4_es_insert_extent(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t lblk,
 	write_lock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_lock);
 
 	err1 = __es_remove_extent(inode, lblk, end, NULL, es1);
 	if (err1 != 0)
 		goto error;
+	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
+	if (es1) {
+		if (!es1->es_len)
+			__es_free_extent(es1);
+		es1 = NULL;
+	}
 
 	err2 = __es_insert_extent(inode, &newes, es2);
 	if (err2 == -ENOMEM && !ext4_es_must_keep(&newes))
 		err2 = 0;
 	if (err2 != 0)
 		goto error;
+	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
+	if (es2) {
+		if (!es2->es_len)
+			__es_free_extent(es2);
+		es2 = NULL;
+	}
 
 	if (sbi->s_cluster_ratio > 1 && test_opt(inode->i_sb, DELALLOC) &&
 	    (status & EXTENT_STATUS_WRITTEN ||
 	     status & EXTENT_STATUS_UNWRITTEN))
 		__revise_pending(inode, lblk, len);
-
-	/* es is pre-allocated but not used, free it. */
-	if (es1 && !es1->es_len)
-		__es_free_extent(es1);
-	if (es2 && !es2->es_len)
-		__es_free_extent(es2);
 error:
 	write_unlock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_lock);
 	if (err1 || err2)
 		goto retry;
 
@@ -1489,12 +1495,16 @@ void ext4_es_remove_extent(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t lblk,
 	 * so that we are sure __es_shrink() is done with the inode before it
 	 * is reclaimed.
 	 */
 	write_lock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_lock);
 	err = __es_remove_extent(inode, lblk, end, &reserved, es);
-	if (es && !es->es_len)
-		__es_free_extent(es);
+	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
+	if (es) {
+		if (!es->es_len)
+			__es_free_extent(es);
+		es = NULL;
+	}
 	write_unlock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_lock);
 	if (err)
 		goto retry;
 
 	ext4_es_print_tree(inode);
@@ -2045,23 +2055,29 @@ void ext4_es_insert_delayed_block(struct inode *inode, ext4_lblk_t lblk,
 	write_lock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_lock);
 
 	err1 = __es_remove_extent(inode, lblk, lblk, NULL, es1);
 	if (err1 != 0)
 		goto error;
+	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
+	if (es1) {
+		if (!es1->es_len)
+			__es_free_extent(es1);
+		es1 = NULL;
+	}
 
 	err2 = __es_insert_extent(inode, &newes, es2);
 	if (err2 != 0)
 		goto error;
+	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
+	if (es2) {
+		if (!es2->es_len)
+			__es_free_extent(es2);
+		es2 = NULL;
+	}
 
 	if (allocated)
 		__insert_pending(inode, lblk);
-
-	/* es is pre-allocated but not used, free it. */
-	if (es1 && !es1->es_len)
-		__es_free_extent(es1);
-	if (es2 && !es2->es_len)
-		__es_free_extent(es2);
 error:
 	write_unlock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_es_lock);
 	if (err1 || err2)
 		goto retry;
 

Vulnerable code: 
	/* es is pre-allocated but not used, free it. */
	if (es1 && !es1->es_len)
		__es_free_extent(es1);
	if (es2 && !es2->es_len)
		__es_free_extent(es2);
	if (es && !es->es_len)
		__es_free_extent(es);

	/* es is pre-allocated but not used, free it. */
	if (es1 && !es1->es_len)
		__es_free_extent(es1);
	if (es2 && !es2->es_len)
		__es_free_extent(es2);
Fixed code: 	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
	if (es1) {
		if (!es1->es_len)
			__es_free_extent(es1);
		es1 = NULL;
	}
	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
	if (es2) {
		if (!es2->es_len)
			__es_free_extent(es2);
		es2 = NULL;
	}
	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
	if (es) {
		if (!es->es_len)
			__es_free_extent(es);
		es = NULL;
	}
	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
	if (es1) {
		if (!es1->es_len)
			__es_free_extent(es1);
		es1 = NULL;
	}
	/* Free preallocated extent if it didn't get used. */
	if (es2) {
		if (!es2->es_len)
			__es_free_extent(es2);
		es2 = NULL;
	}