CVE-2014-4654: Use After Free (CWE-416)
value: The snd_ctl_elem_add function in sound/core/control.c in the ALSA control implementation in the Linux kernel before 3.15.2 does not check authorization for SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_ELEM_REPLACE commands, which allows local users to remove kernel controls and cause a denial of service (use-after-free and system crash) by leveraging /dev/snd/controlCX access for an ioctl call.
CWE description: The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.
Published: 2014-07-03T04:22Z
Repository: https://github.com/torvalds/linux
Language: C
Files changed: sound/core/control.c
Commit date: 2014-06-18 15:12:49 +0200
Commit message: ALSA: control: Fix replacing user controls

There are two issues with the current implementation for replacing user
controls. The first is that the code does not check if the control is actually a
user control and neither does it check if the control is owned by the process
that tries to remove it. That allows userspace applications to remove arbitrary
controls, which can cause a user after free if a for example a driver does not
expect a control to be removed from under its feed.

The second issue is that on one hand when a control is replaced the
user_ctl_count limit is not checked and on the other hand the user_ctl_count is
increased (even though the number of user controls does not change). This allows
userspace, once the user_ctl_count limit as been reached, to repeatedly replace
a control until user_ctl_count overflows. Once that happens new controls can be
added effectively bypassing the user_ctl_count limit.

Both issues can be fixed by instead of open-coding the removal of the control
that is to be replaced to use snd_ctl_remove_user_ctl(). This function does
proper permission checks as well as decrements user_ctl_count after the control
has been removed.

Note that by using snd_ctl_remove_user_ctl() the check which returns -EBUSY at
beginning of the function if the control already exists is removed. This is not
a problem though since the check is quite useless, because the lock that is
protecting the control list is released between the check and before adding the
new control to the list, which means that it is possible that a different
control with the same settings is added to the list after the check. Luckily
there is another check that is done while holding the lock in snd_ctl_add(), so
we'll rely on that to make sure that the same control is not added twice.

Signed-off-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
Acked-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Diff: diff --git a/sound/core/control.c b/sound/core/control.c
index 00ab034f5fcbee..1f413c2865113d 100644
--- a/sound/core/control.c
+++ b/sound/core/control.c
@@ -1152,35 +1152,28 @@ static int snd_ctl_elem_add(struct snd_ctl_file *file,
 	unsigned int access;
 	long private_size;
 	struct user_element *ue;
 	int idx, err;
 
-	if (!replace && card->user_ctl_count >= MAX_USER_CONTROLS)
-		return -ENOMEM;
 	if (info->count < 1)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	access = info->access == 0 ? SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READWRITE :
 		(info->access & (SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READWRITE|
 				 SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE|
 				 SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READWRITE));
 	info->id.numid = 0;
 	memset(&kctl, 0, sizeof(kctl));
-	down_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
-	_kctl = snd_ctl_find_id(card, &info->id);
-	err = 0;
-	if (_kctl) {
-		if (replace)
-			err = snd_ctl_remove(card, _kctl);
-		else
-			err = -EBUSY;
-	} else {
-		if (replace)
-			err = -ENOENT;
+
+	if (replace) {
+		err = snd_ctl_remove_user_ctl(file, &info->id);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
 	}
-	up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
+
+	if (card->user_ctl_count >= MAX_USER_CONTROLS)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	memcpy(&kctl.id, &info->id, sizeof(info->id));
 	kctl.count = info->owner ? info->owner : 1;
 	access |= SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_USER;
 	if (info->type == SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED)
 		kctl.info = snd_ctl_elem_user_enum_info;

Vulnerable code: 	if (!replace && card->user_ctl_count >= MAX_USER_CONTROLS)
		return -ENOMEM;
	down_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
	_kctl = snd_ctl_find_id(card, &info->id);
	err = 0;
	if (_kctl) {
		if (replace)
			err = snd_ctl_remove(card, _kctl);
		else
			err = -EBUSY;
	} else {
		if (replace)
			err = -ENOENT;
	up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;
Fixed code: 
	if (replace) {
		err = snd_ctl_remove_user_ctl(file, &info->id);
		if (err)
			return err;

	if (card->user_ctl_count >= MAX_USER_CONTROLS)
		return -ENOMEM;