CVE-2016-6787: Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls (CWE-264)
value: kernel/events/core.c in the performance subsystem in the Linux kernel before 4.0 mismanages locks during certain migrations, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka Android internal bug 31095224.
CWE description: Weaknesses in this category are related to the management of permissions, privileges, and other security features that are used to perform access control.
CVSS v3 base score: 7
Published: 2016-12-28T07:59Z
Repository: https://github.com/torvalds/linux
Language: C
Files changed: kernel/events/core.c
Commit date: 2015-02-04 08:07:10 +0100
Commit message: perf: Fix event->ctx locking

There have been a few reported issues wrt. the lack of locking around
changing event->ctx. This patch tries to address those.

It avoids the whole rwsem thing; and while it appears to work, please
give it some thought in review.

What I did fail at is sensible runtime checks on the use of
event->ctx, the RCU use makes it very hard.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150123125834.209535886@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Diff: diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c
index b358cb38e4a55..417a96bf3d417 100644
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -904,10 +904,81 @@ static void put_ctx(struct perf_event_context *ctx)
 			put_task_struct(ctx->task);
 		kfree_rcu(ctx, rcu_head);
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * Because of perf_event::ctx migration in sys_perf_event_open::move_group and
+ * perf_pmu_migrate_context() we need some magic.
+ *
+ * Those places that change perf_event::ctx will hold both
+ * perf_event_ctx::mutex of the 'old' and 'new' ctx value.
+ *
+ * Lock ordering is by mutex address. There is one other site where
+ * perf_event_context::mutex nests and that is put_event(). But remember that
+ * that is a parent<->child context relation, and migration does not affect
+ * children, therefore these two orderings should not interact.
+ *
+ * The change in perf_event::ctx does not affect children (as claimed above)
+ * because the sys_perf_event_open() case will install a new event and break
+ * the ctx parent<->child relation, and perf_pmu_migrate_context() is only
+ * concerned with cpuctx and that doesn't have children.
+ *
+ * The places that change perf_event::ctx will issue:
+ *
+ *   perf_remove_from_context();
+ *   synchronize_rcu();
+ *   perf_install_in_context();
+ *
+ * to affect the change. The remove_from_context() + synchronize_rcu() should
+ * quiesce the event, after which we can install it in the new location. This
+ * means that only external vectors (perf_fops, prctl) can perturb the event
+ * while in transit. Therefore all such accessors should also acquire
+ * perf_event_context::mutex to serialize against this.
+ *
+ * However; because event->ctx can change while we're waiting to acquire
+ * ctx->mutex we must be careful and use the below perf_event_ctx_lock()
+ * function.
+ *
+ * Lock order:
+ *	task_struct::perf_event_mutex
+ *	  perf_event_context::mutex
+ *	    perf_event_context::lock
+ *	    perf_event::child_mutex;
+ *	    perf_event::mmap_mutex
+ *	    mmap_sem
+ */
+static struct perf_event_context *perf_event_ctx_lock(struct perf_event *event)
+{
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
+
+again:
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	ctx = ACCESS_ONCE(event->ctx);
+	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+		goto again;
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
+	if (event->ctx != ctx) {
+		mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
+		put_ctx(ctx);
+		goto again;
+	}
+
+	return ctx;
+}
+
+static void perf_event_ctx_unlock(struct perf_event *event,
+				  struct perf_event_context *ctx)
+{
+	mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
+	put_ctx(ctx);
+}
+
 /*
  * This must be done under the ctx->lock, such as to serialize against
  * context_equiv(), therefore we cannot call put_ctx() since that might end up
  * calling scheduler related locks and ctx->lock nests inside those.
  */
@@ -1664,11 +1735,11 @@ int __perf_event_disable(void *info)
  * goes to exit will block in sync_child_event.
  * When called from perf_pending_event it's OK because event->ctx
  * is the current context on this CPU and preemption is disabled,
  * hence we can't get into perf_event_task_sched_out for this context.
  */
-void perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)
+static void _perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)
 {
 	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
 	struct task_struct *task = ctx->task;
 
 	if (!task) {
@@ -1705,10 +1776,23 @@ void perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)
 		update_group_times(event);
 		event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;
 	}
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
 }
+
+/*
+ * Strictly speaking kernel users cannot create groups and therefore this
+ * interface does not need the perf_event_ctx_lock() magic.
+ */
+void perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)
+{
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
+
+	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
+	_perf_event_disable(event);
+	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
+}
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_disable);
 
 static void perf_set_shadow_time(struct perf_event *event,
 				 struct perf_event_context *ctx,
 				 u64 tstamp)
@@ -2168,11 +2252,11 @@ static int __perf_event_enable(void *info)
  * every task struct that event->ctx->task could possibly point to
  * remains valid.  This condition is satisfied when called through
  * perf_event_for_each_child or perf_event_for_each as described
  * for perf_event_disable.
  */
-void perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)
+static void _perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)
 {
 	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
 	struct task_struct *task = ctx->task;
 
 	if (!task) {
@@ -2224,25 +2308,52 @@ void perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)
 	}
 
 out:
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->lock);
 }
+
+/*
+ * See perf_event_disable();
+ */
+void perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)
+{
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
+
+	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
+	_perf_event_enable(event);
+	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
+}
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_enable);
 
-int perf_event_refresh(struct perf_event *event, int refresh)
+static int _perf_event_refresh(struct perf_event *event, int refresh)
 {
 	/*
 	 * not supported on inherited events
 	 */
 	if (event->attr.inherit || !is_sampling_event(event))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	atomic_add(refresh, &event->event_limit);
-	perf_event_enable(event);
+	_perf_event_enable(event);
 
 	return 0;
 }
+
+/*
+ * See perf_event_disable()
+ */
+int perf_event_refresh(struct perf_event *event, int refresh)
+{
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
+	int ret;
+
+	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
+	ret = _perf_event_refresh(event, refresh);
+	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
+
+	return ret;
+}
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_refresh);
 
 static void ctx_sched_out(struct perf_event_context *ctx,
 			  struct perf_cpu_context *cpuctx,
 			  enum event_type_t event_type)
@@ -3431,11 +3542,20 @@ static void perf_remove_from_owner(struct perf_event *event)
 		get_task_struct(owner);
 	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	if (owner) {
-		mutex_lock(&owner->perf_event_mutex);
+		/*
+		 * If we're here through perf_event_exit_task() we're already
+		 * holding ctx->mutex which would be an inversion wrt. the
+		 * normal lock order.
+		 *
+		 * However we can safely take this lock because its the child
+		 * ctx->mutex.
+		 */
+		mutex_lock_nested(&owner->perf_event_mutex, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
+
 		/*
 		 * We have to re-check the event->owner field, if it is cleared
 		 * we raced with perf_event_exit_task(), acquiring the mutex
 		 * ensured they're done, and we can proceed with freeing the
 		 * event.
@@ -3557,16 +3677,17 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_read_value);
 
 static int perf_event_read_group(struct perf_event *event,
 				   u64 read_format, char __user *buf)
 {
 	struct perf_event *leader = event->group_leader, *sub;
-	int n = 0, size = 0, ret = -EFAULT;
 	struct perf_event_context *ctx = leader->ctx;
-	u64 values[5];
+	int n = 0, size = 0, ret;
 	u64 count, enabled, running;
+	u64 values[5];
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->mutex);
 
-	mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
 	count = perf_event_read_value(leader, &enabled, &running);
 
 	values[n++] = 1 + leader->nr_siblings;
 	if (read_format & PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED)
 		values[n++] = enabled;
@@ -3577,11 +3698,11 @@ static int perf_event_read_group(struct perf_event *event,
 		values[n++] = primary_event_id(leader);
 
 	size = n * sizeof(u64);
 
 	if (copy_to_user(buf, values, size))
-		goto unlock;
+		return -EFAULT;
 
 	ret = size;
 
 	list_for_each_entry(sub, &leader->sibling_list, group_entry) {
 		n = 0;
@@ -3591,18 +3712,15 @@ static int perf_event_read_group(struct perf_event *event,
 			values[n++] = primary_event_id(sub);
 
 		size = n * sizeof(u64);
 
 		if (copy_to_user(buf + ret, values, size)) {
-			ret = -EFAULT;
-			goto unlock;
+			return -EFAULT;
 		}
 
 		ret += size;
 	}
-unlock:
-	mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
 static int perf_event_read_one(struct perf_event *event,
@@ -3670,12 +3788,18 @@ perf_read_hw(struct perf_event *event, char __user *buf, size_t count)
 
 static ssize_t
 perf_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
 {
 	struct perf_event *event = file->private_data;
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
+	int ret;
 
-	return perf_read_hw(event, buf, count);
+	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
+	ret = perf_read_hw(event, buf, count);
+	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static unsigned int perf_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
 {
 	struct perf_event *event = file->private_data;
@@ -3697,11 +3821,11 @@ static unsigned int perf_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
 		events = atomic_xchg(&rb->poll, 0);
 	mutex_unlock(&event->mmap_mutex);
 	return events;
 }
 
-static void perf_event_reset(struct perf_event *event)
+static void _perf_event_reset(struct perf_event *event)
 {
 	(void)perf_event_read(event);
 	local64_set(&event->count, 0);
 	perf_event_update_userpage(event);
 }
@@ -3716,10 +3840,11 @@ static void perf_event_for_each_child(struct perf_event *event,
 					void (*func)(struct perf_event *))
 {
 	struct perf_event *child;
 
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(event->ctx->parent_ctx);
+
 	mutex_lock(&event->child_mutex);
 	func(event);
 	list_for_each_entry(child, &event->child_list, child_list)
 		func(child);
 	mutex_unlock(&event->child_mutex);
@@ -3729,18 +3854,17 @@ static void perf_event_for_each(struct perf_event *event,
 				  void (*func)(struct perf_event *))
 {
 	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
 	struct perf_event *sibling;
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(ctx->parent_ctx);
-	mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->mutex);
+
 	event = event->group_leader;
 
 	perf_event_for_each_child(event, func);
 	list_for_each_entry(sibling, &event->sibling_list, group_entry)
 		perf_event_for_each_child(sibling, func);
-	mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
 }
 
 static int perf_event_period(struct perf_event *event, u64 __user *arg)
 {
 	struct perf_event_context *ctx = event->ctx;
@@ -3806,29 +3930,28 @@ static inline int perf_fget_light(int fd, struct fd *p)
 
 static int perf_event_set_output(struct perf_event *event,
 				 struct perf_event *output_event);
 static int perf_event_set_filter(struct perf_event *event, void __user *arg);
 
-static long perf_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+static long _perf_ioctl(struct perf_event *event, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
-	struct perf_event *event = file->private_data;
 	void (*func)(struct perf_event *);
 	u32 flags = arg;
 
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE:
-		func = perf_event_enable;
+		func = _perf_event_enable;
 		break;
 	case PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE:
-		func = perf_event_disable;
+		func = _perf_event_disable;
 		break;
 	case PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET:
-		func = perf_event_reset;
+		func = _perf_event_reset;
 		break;
 
 	case PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH:
-		return perf_event_refresh(event, arg);
+		return _perf_event_refresh(event, arg);
 
 	case PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD:
 		return perf_event_period(event, (u64 __user *)arg);
 
 	case PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID:
@@ -3871,10 +3994,23 @@ static long perf_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 		perf_event_for_each_child(event, func);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static long perf_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	struct perf_event *event = file->private_data;
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
+	long ret;
+
+	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
+	ret = _perf_ioctl(event, cmd, arg);
+	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
 static long perf_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
 				unsigned long arg)
 {
 	switch (_IOC_NR(cmd)) {
@@ -3893,27 +4029,35 @@ static long perf_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
 # define perf_compat_ioctl NULL
 #endif
 
 int perf_event_task_enable(void)
 {
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
 	struct perf_event *event;
 
 	mutex_lock(&current->perf_event_mutex);
-	list_for_each_entry(event, &current->perf_event_list, owner_entry)
-		perf_event_for_each_child(event, perf_event_enable);
+	list_for_each_entry(event, &current->perf_event_list, owner_entry) {
+		ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
+		perf_event_for_each_child(event, _perf_event_enable);
+		perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
+	}
 	mutex_unlock(&current->perf_event_mutex);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 int perf_event_task_disable(void)
 {
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
 	struct perf_event *event;
 
 	mutex_lock(&current->perf_event_mutex);
-	list_for_each_entry(event, &current->perf_event_list, owner_entry)
-		perf_event_for_each_child(event, perf_event_disable);
+	list_for_each_entry(event, &current->perf_event_list, owner_entry) {
+		ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
+		perf_event_for_each_child(event, _perf_event_disable);
+		perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
+	}
 	mutex_unlock(&current->perf_event_mutex);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -7267,10 +7411,19 @@ perf_event_set_output(struct perf_event *event, struct perf_event *output_event)
 
 out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static void mutex_lock_double(struct mutex *a, struct mutex *b)
+{
+	if (b < a)
+		swap(a, b);
+
+	mutex_lock(a);
+	mutex_lock_nested(b, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
+}
+
 /**
  * sys_perf_event_open - open a performance event, associate it to a task/cpu
  *
  * @attr_uptr:	event_id type attributes for monitoring/sampling
  * @pid:		target pid
@@ -7282,11 +7435,11 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE5(perf_event_open,
 		pid_t, pid, int, cpu, int, group_fd, unsigned long, flags)
 {
 	struct perf_event *group_leader = NULL, *output_event = NULL;
 	struct perf_event *event, *sibling;
 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
-	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
+	struct perf_event_context *ctx, *uninitialized_var(gctx);
 	struct file *event_file = NULL;
 	struct fd group = {NULL, 0};
 	struct task_struct *task = NULL;
 	struct pmu *pmu;
 	int event_fd;
@@ -7480,13 +7633,18 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE5(perf_event_open,
 		err = PTR_ERR(event_file);
 		goto err_context;
 	}
 
 	if (move_group) {
-		struct perf_event_context *gctx = group_leader->ctx;
+		gctx = group_leader->ctx;
+
+		/*
+		 * See perf_event_ctx_lock() for comments on the details
+		 * of swizzling perf_event::ctx.
+		 */
+		mutex_lock_double(&gctx->mutex, &ctx->mutex);
 
-		mutex_lock(&gctx->mutex);
 		perf_remove_from_context(group_leader, false);
 
 		/*
 		 * Removing from the context ends up with disabled
 		 * event. What we want here is event in the initial
@@ -7497,19 +7655,23 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE5(perf_event_open,
 				    group_entry) {
 			perf_remove_from_context(sibling, false);
 			perf_event__state_init(sibling);
 			put_ctx(gctx);
 		}
-		mutex_unlock(&gctx->mutex);
-		put_ctx(gctx);
+	} else {
+		mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
 	}
 
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(ctx->parent_ctx);
-	mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
 
 	if (move_group) {
+		/*
+		 * Wait for everybody to stop referencing the events through
+		 * the old lists, before installing it on new lists.
+		 */
 		synchronize_rcu();
+
 		perf_install_in_context(ctx, group_leader, group_leader->cpu);
 		get_ctx(ctx);
 		list_for_each_entry(sibling, &group_leader->sibling_list,
 				    group_entry) {
 			perf_install_in_context(ctx, sibling, sibling->cpu);
@@ -7517,10 +7679,15 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE5(perf_event_open,
 		}
 	}
 
 	perf_install_in_context(ctx, event, event->cpu);
 	perf_unpin_context(ctx);
+
+	if (move_group) {
+		mutex_unlock(&gctx->mutex);
+		put_ctx(gctx);
+	}
 	mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
 
 	put_online_cpus();
 
 	event->owner = current;
@@ -7624,32 +7791,35 @@ void perf_pmu_migrate_context(struct pmu *pmu, int src_cpu, int dst_cpu)
 	LIST_HEAD(events);
 
 	src_ctx = &per_cpu_ptr(pmu->pmu_cpu_context, src_cpu)->ctx;
 	dst_ctx = &per_cpu_ptr(pmu->pmu_cpu_context, dst_cpu)->ctx;
 
-	mutex_lock(&src_ctx->mutex);
+	/*
+	 * See perf_event_ctx_lock() for comments on the details
+	 * of swizzling perf_event::ctx.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock_double(&src_ctx->mutex, &dst_ctx->mutex);
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(event, tmp, &src_ctx->event_list,
 				 event_entry) {
 		perf_remove_from_context(event, false);
 		unaccount_event_cpu(event, src_cpu);
 		put_ctx(src_ctx);
 		list_add(&event->migrate_entry, &events);
 	}
-	mutex_unlock(&src_ctx->mutex);
 
 	synchronize_rcu();
 
-	mutex_lock(&dst_ctx->mutex);
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(event, tmp, &events, migrate_entry) {
 		list_del(&event->migrate_entry);
 		if (event->state >= PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
 			event->state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_INACTIVE;
 		account_event_cpu(event, dst_cpu);
 		perf_install_in_context(dst_ctx, event, dst_cpu);
 		get_ctx(dst_ctx);
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&dst_ctx->mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&src_ctx->mutex);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_pmu_migrate_context);
 
 static void sync_child_event(struct perf_event *child_event,
 			       struct task_struct *child)

Vulnerable code: void perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)
void perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)
int perf_event_refresh(struct perf_event *event, int refresh)
	perf_event_enable(event);
		mutex_lock(&owner->perf_event_mutex);
	int n = 0, size = 0, ret = -EFAULT;
	u64 values[5];
	mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
		goto unlock;
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto unlock;
unlock:
	mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
	return perf_read_hw(event, buf, count);
static void perf_event_reset(struct perf_event *event)
	WARN_ON_ONCE(ctx->parent_ctx);
	mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
	mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
static long perf_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
	struct perf_event *event = file->private_data;
		func = perf_event_enable;
		func = perf_event_disable;
		func = perf_event_reset;
		return perf_event_refresh(event, arg);
	list_for_each_entry(event, &current->perf_event_list, owner_entry)
		perf_event_for_each_child(event, perf_event_enable);
	list_for_each_entry(event, &current->perf_event_list, owner_entry)
		perf_event_for_each_child(event, perf_event_disable);
	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
		struct perf_event_context *gctx = group_leader->ctx;
		mutex_lock(&gctx->mutex);
		mutex_unlock(&gctx->mutex);
		put_ctx(gctx);
	mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
	mutex_lock(&src_ctx->mutex);
	mutex_unlock(&src_ctx->mutex);
	mutex_lock(&dst_ctx->mutex);
Fixed code: /*
 * Because of perf_event::ctx migration in sys_perf_event_open::move_group and
 * perf_pmu_migrate_context() we need some magic.
 *
 * Those places that change perf_event::ctx will hold both
 * perf_event_ctx::mutex of the 'old' and 'new' ctx value.
 *
 * Lock ordering is by mutex address. There is one other site where
 * perf_event_context::mutex nests and that is put_event(). But remember that
 * that is a parent<->child context relation, and migration does not affect
 * children, therefore these two orderings should not interact.
 *
 * The change in perf_event::ctx does not affect children (as claimed above)
 * because the sys_perf_event_open() case will install a new event and break
 * the ctx parent<->child relation, and perf_pmu_migrate_context() is only
 * concerned with cpuctx and that doesn't have children.
 *
 * The places that change perf_event::ctx will issue:
 *
 *   perf_remove_from_context();
 *   synchronize_rcu();
 *   perf_install_in_context();
 *
 * to affect the change. The remove_from_context() + synchronize_rcu() should
 * quiesce the event, after which we can install it in the new location. This
 * means that only external vectors (perf_fops, prctl) can perturb the event
 * while in transit. Therefore all such accessors should also acquire
 * perf_event_context::mutex to serialize against this.
 *
 * However; because event->ctx can change while we're waiting to acquire
 * ctx->mutex we must be careful and use the below perf_event_ctx_lock()
 * function.
 *
 * Lock order:
 *	task_struct::perf_event_mutex
 *	  perf_event_context::mutex
 *	    perf_event_context::lock
 *	    perf_event::child_mutex;
 *	    perf_event::mmap_mutex
 *	    mmap_sem
 */
static struct perf_event_context *perf_event_ctx_lock(struct perf_event *event)
{
	struct perf_event_context *ctx;

again:
	rcu_read_lock();
	ctx = ACCESS_ONCE(event->ctx);
	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ctx->refcount)) {
		rcu_read_unlock();
		goto again;
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();

	mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
	if (event->ctx != ctx) {
		mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
		put_ctx(ctx);
		goto again;
	}

	return ctx;
}

static void perf_event_ctx_unlock(struct perf_event *event,
				  struct perf_event_context *ctx)
{
	mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
	put_ctx(ctx);
}

static void _perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)

/*
 * Strictly speaking kernel users cannot create groups and therefore this
 * interface does not need the perf_event_ctx_lock() magic.
 */
void perf_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)
{
	struct perf_event_context *ctx;

	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
	_perf_event_disable(event);
	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
}
static void _perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)

/*
 * See perf_event_disable();
 */
void perf_event_enable(struct perf_event *event)
{
	struct perf_event_context *ctx;

	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
	_perf_event_enable(event);
	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
}
static int _perf_event_refresh(struct perf_event *event, int refresh)
	_perf_event_enable(event);

/*
 * See perf_event_disable()
 */
int perf_event_refresh(struct perf_event *event, int refresh)
{
	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
	int ret;

	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
	ret = _perf_event_refresh(event, refresh);
	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);

	return ret;
}
		/*
		 * If we're here through perf_event_exit_task() we're already
		 * holding ctx->mutex which would be an inversion wrt. the
		 * normal lock order.
		 *
		 * However we can safely take this lock because its the child
		 * ctx->mutex.
		 */
		mutex_lock_nested(&owner->perf_event_mutex, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);

	int n = 0, size = 0, ret;
	u64 values[5];

	lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->mutex);
		return -EFAULT;
			return -EFAULT;
	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
	int ret;
	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
	ret = perf_read_hw(event, buf, count);
	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);

	return ret;
static void _perf_event_reset(struct perf_event *event)

	lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->mutex);

static long _perf_ioctl(struct perf_event *event, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
		func = _perf_event_enable;
		func = _perf_event_disable;
		func = _perf_event_reset;
		return _perf_event_refresh(event, arg);
static long perf_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
	struct perf_event *event = file->private_data;
	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
	long ret;

	ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
	ret = _perf_ioctl(event, cmd, arg);
	perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);

	return ret;
}

	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
	list_for_each_entry(event, &current->perf_event_list, owner_entry) {
		ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
		perf_event_for_each_child(event, _perf_event_enable);
		perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
	}
	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
	list_for_each_entry(event, &current->perf_event_list, owner_entry) {
		ctx = perf_event_ctx_lock(event);
		perf_event_for_each_child(event, _perf_event_disable);
		perf_event_ctx_unlock(event, ctx);
	}
static void mutex_lock_double(struct mutex *a, struct mutex *b)
{
	if (b < a)
		swap(a, b);

	mutex_lock(a);
	mutex_lock_nested(b, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
}

	struct perf_event_context *ctx, *uninitialized_var(gctx);
		gctx = group_leader->ctx;

		/*
		 * See perf_event_ctx_lock() for comments on the details
		 * of swizzling perf_event::ctx.
		 */
		mutex_lock_double(&gctx->mutex, &ctx->mutex);
	} else {
		mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
		/*
		 * Wait for everybody to stop referencing the events through
		 * the old lists, before installing it on new lists.
		 */


	if (move_group) {
		mutex_unlock(&gctx->mutex);
		put_ctx(gctx);
	}
	/*
	 * See perf_event_ctx_lock() for comments on the details
	 * of swizzling perf_event::ctx.
	 */
	mutex_lock_double(&src_ctx->mutex, &dst_ctx->mutex);
	mutex_unlock(&src_ctx->mutex);