Haplogroup DE instance of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Distribution
The subclades of DE continue to confound investigators trying to reconstruct the migration of humans because, while they are common in Africa and East Asia, they are also largely absent between these two regions. As the paragroup DE(xD,E), including DE*, is extremely rare, the majority of DE male lines fall into subclades of either D-CTS3946 or E-M96. D-CTS3946 is suggested to have originated in Africa, though its most widespread subclade, D-M174, likely originated in Asia – the only place where D-M174 is now found. E-M96 is more likely to have originated in East Africa. However, a West Asian origin for E-M96 is considered possible by some scholars. 
All subclades of DE, including D and E, appear to be exceptionally rare – almost non-existent – in mainland South Asia and South East Asia. Given that D-M174 is dominant in Japan, the Andaman Islands, and Tibet, whereas E-M96 is relatively common in Africa and the Middle East, some researchers have suggested that the rarity of DE lineages in India – a region considered important in the dispersal of modern humans – may be meaningful. By comparison, subclades of CF – the only "sibling" haplogroup of DE – are found in India at significant proportions.Possible DE*
Basal DE* is extremely unusual in that it is found, at very low frequencies, among males from three widely separated regions: West Africa, the Caribbean, and East Asia.
A 2003 study by Weale et al., of the DNA of over 8,000 males worldwide, found that five out of 1,247 Nigerian males belonged to DE*. The DE* found possessed by these five Nigerians, according to the study's authors, was "the least derived of all YAP chromosomes according to currently known binary markers" – to such an extent that it suggested that DE had originated in West Africa and expanded from there. However, Weale et al., cautioned that such inferences may well be incorrect. In addition, the seemingly "paraphyletic" (basal) status of the Nigerian examples of DE-YAP may be "illusory" because the "branching order, and hence the origin, of YAP-derived haplogroups remains uncertain". It was "easy to misinterpret apparently paraphyletic groups", and subsequent research might show that the Nigerian examples of DE were as divergent from DE*, D* and E*. "[T]he only genealogically meaningful definition of the age of a clade is the time to its most recent common ancestor, but only if DE* is truly paraphyletic does it ... become automatically older than D or E..." The relationship between DE*, according to Weale et al., "can be viewed as a missing-data problem..." In 2007, another West African example of DE* was reported – carried by a speaker of the Nalu language who was among 17 Y-DNA samples taken in Guinea Bissau. The sequence of this individual differed by one mutation from those of the Nigerian individuals, indicating common ancestry, although the relationship between the two lineages has not been determined.In 2008, a basal paternal marker belonging to DE* was identified in two individuals from Tibet (two out of 594), belonging to the Tibeto-Burman group.A 2010 study (by Veeramah et al.) found six additional samples of DE*(xE) (a DE lineage that did not belong to the E branch) in southeastern Nigeria in individuals of the Ibibio, Igbo, and Oron ethnic groups.In 2012, haplogroup DE* was found in one Caribbean sample.A 2019 study by Haber et al. found that three of the five Nigerians analysed by Weale et al. in 2003 belonged, not to DE*, but to D0, a proposed haplogroup thought to represent a deep-rooting DE lineage branching close to the DE bifurcation (near the split of D and E) but on the D branch as an outgroup to all other known D chromosomes. Another carrier of D0 (the D-FT75 branch) is famous skater Ruslan bin Makin Al-Bitar, of Syrian descent. In 2019 two other D0 samples were found in Al Wajh (on the west coast of Saudi Arabia). In the Recent ISOGG tree, D0 was renamed D2, and D-M174 was renamed D1. In 2020 another sample of D0/D2 was found in an African American man.
A 2021 study by Mengge Wang et al. found that one sample of Y-chromosome DE-M145 in a group of 679 Mongolians, but stated that it was uncertain whether it was (undifferentiated) DE* or a sub lineage, stating that they "could not confirm the detailed sublineages of the individuals belonging to DE-M145 due to the lack of subhaplogroups of E."
type of example of manifestation of representation of