José Rizal languages spoken, written or signed Tagalog
Works and writings
Rizal wrote mostly in Spanish, the lingua franca of the Spanish East Indies, though some of his letters (for example Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos) were written in Tagalog. His works have since been translated into a number of languages including Tagalog and English.Novels and essays
"El amor patrio", 1882 essay
"Toast to Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo", 1884 speech given at Restaurante Ingles, Madrid
Noli Me Tángere, 1887 novel (literally Latin for 'touch me not', from John 20:17)
Alin Mang Lahi ("Whate'er the Race"), a Kundiman attributed to Dr. José Rizal
"Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga-Malolos" (To the Young Women of Malolos), 1889 letter
Annotations to Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1889
"Filipinas dentro de cien años" (The Philippines a Century Hence), 1889–90 essay
"Sobre la indolencia de los filipinos" (The Indolence of Filipinos), 1890 essay
"Como se gobiernan las Filipinas" (Governing the Philippine islands), 1890 essay
El filibusterismo, 1891 novel; sequel to Noli Me Tángere
Una visita del Señor a Filipinas, also known as Friars and Filipinos, 14-page unfinished novel written in 1889
Memorias de un Gallo, two-page unfinished satire
Makamisa, unfinished Tagalog-language novel written in 1892
linguistic abilities language proficiency language command