Nintendo has subsidiary Nintendo European Research & Development
Subsidiaries
Although most of the research and development is being done in Japan, there are some R&D facilities in the United States, Europe, and China that are focused on developing software and hardware technologies used in Nintendo products. Although they all are subsidiaries of Nintendo (and therefore first-party), they are often referred to as external resources when being involved in joint development processes with Nintendo's internal developers by the Japanese personnel involved. This can be seen in the Iwata Asks interview series. Nintendo Software Technology (NST) and Nintendo Technology Development (NTD) are located in Redmond, Washington, United States, while Nintendo European Research & Development (NERD) is located in Paris, France, and Nintendo Network Service Database (NSD) is located in Kyoto, Japan.
Most external first-party software development is done in Japan, because the only overseas subsidiaries are Retro Studios in the United States (acquired in 2002) and Next Level Games in Canada (acquired in 2021). Although these studios are all subsidiaries of Nintendo, they are often referred to as external resources when being involved in joint development processes with Nintendo's internal developers by the Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development (EPD) division. 1-Up Studio and NDcube are located in Tokyo, Japan, and Monolith Soft has one studio located in Tokyo and another in Kyoto.
Nintendo also established the Pokémon Company alongside Creatures and Game Freak to manage the Pokémon brand. Similarly, Warpstar Inc. was formed through a joint investment with HAL Laboratory, which was in charge of the Kirby: Right Back at Ya! animated series. Both companies are investments from Nintendo, with Nintendo holding 32% of the shares of the Pokémon Company and 50% of the shares of Warpstar Inc.
In total there are 25 subsidiaries reported by the company with 21 being known as of March 2022 via the Annual Report:
Nintendo of America Inc.
Nintendo of Canada Ltd.
Nintendo of Europe SE
Nintendo RU LLC.
Nintendo Australia Pty Limited
Nintendo of Korea Co. Ltd.
Nintendo (Hong Kong) Limited
Nintendo Sales Co., Ltd. (Japan)
Nintendo Technology Development Inc.
Nintendo Software Technology Corporation
Retro Studios, Inc
Next Level Games Inc
Nintendo European Research and Development SAS
iQue (China) Ltd
NDCUBE Co., Ltd
1-UP Studio Inc
MONOLITH SOFTWARE INC.
Mario Club Co., Ltd.
SRD Co., Ltd.
Nintendo Pictures
Nintendo Systems Co., Ltd. (80%)
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