Anatomical terms of location no relation radiology
Combined terms
Many anatomical terms can be combined, either to indicate a position in two axes simultaneously or to indicate the direction of a movement relative to the body. For example, "anterolateral" indicates a position that is both anterior and lateral to the body axis (such as the bulk of the pectoralis major muscle).
In radiology, an X-ray image may be said to be "anteroposterior", indicating that the beam of X-rays passes from their source to patient's anterior body wall through the body to exit through posterior body wall. Combined terms were once generally hyphenated, but the modern tendency is to omit the hyphen.Central and peripheral
Central and peripheral refer to the distance towards and away from the centre of something. That might be an organ, a region in the body, or an anatomical structure. For example, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous systems.
Central (from Latin  centralis) describes something close to the centre. For example, the great vessels run centrally through the body; many smaller vessels branch from these.
Peripheral (from Latin  peripheria, originally from Ancient Greek) describes something further away from the centre of something. For example, the arm is peripheral to the body.Superficial and deep
These terms refer to the distance of a structure from the surface.Deep (from Old English) describes something further away from the surface of the organism. For example, the external oblique muscle of the abdomen is deep to the skin. "Deep" is one of the few anatomical terms of location derived from Old English rather than Latin – the anglicised Latin term would have been "profound" (from Latin  profundus 'due to depth').Superficial (from Latin  superficies 'surface') describes something near the outer surface of the organism. For example, in skin, the epidermis is superficial to the subcutis.Dorsal and ventral
These two terms, used in anatomy and embryology, describe something at the back (dorsal) or front/belly (ventral) of an organism.The dorsal (from Latin  dorsum 'back') surface of an organism refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism. If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top.
The ventral (from Latin  venter 'belly') surface refers to the front, or lower side, of an organism.For example, in a fish, the pectoral fins are dorsal to the anal fin, but ventral to the dorsal fin.Mouth and teeth
Special terms are used to describe the mouth and teeth. Fields such as osteology, palaeontology and dentistry apply special terms of location to describe the mouth and teeth. This is because although teeth may be aligned with their main axes within the jaw, some different relationships require special terminology as well; for example, teeth also can be rotated, and in such contexts terms like "anterior" or "lateral" become ambiguous. For example, the terms "distal" and "proximal" are also redefined to mean the distance away or close to the dental arch, and "medial" and "lateral" are used to refer to the closeness to the midline of the dental arch. Terms used to describe structures include "buccal" (from Latin  bucca 'cheek') and "palatal" (from Latin  palatum 'palate') referring to structures close to the cheek and hard palate respectively.
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