Princess of Wales' Own Regiment part of Canadian Army
The Princess of Wales' Own Regiment (PWOR) is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army.Lineage
Originated on 16 January, 1863, as the 14th Battalion, Volunteer Militia Rifles of Canada. Headquarters in Kingston, Ontario with companies in Kingston and Portsmouth. 
Redesignated on 12 June 1868, as the 14th Battalion, The Princess of Wales’ Own Rifles.
Redesignated on 8 May, 1900, as the 14th Regiment, The Princess of Wales’ Own Rifles. 
Redesignated on 15 March, 1920, as The Kingston Regiment (The Princess of Wales’ Own). 
Redesignated on 1 April, 1921, as The Princess of Wales’ Own Regiment. 
Amalgamated on 15 December, 1936, with A Company, The Frontenac Regiment and “A” Company, 4th Machine Gun Battalion, CMGC and redesignated as The Princess of Wales’ Own Regiment (Machine Gun). 
Redesignated on 1 April, 1946, as The Princess of Wales’ Own Regiment.Great War
The Princess of Wales' Own Regiment perpetuates the 21st Battalion (Eastern Ontario), CEF, the 59th Battalion (Ontario), CEF and 253rd Battalion (Queen's University Highland), CEF.History
The regiment was created on 16 January 1863, as the 14th Battalion Volunteer Militia Rifles of Canada from the amalgamation of Kingston, Ontario’s seven independent rifle companies.  Shortly after the wedding of the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) to Princess Alexandra of Denmark, the regiment asked for and was given permission to become The Princess of Wales’ Own Regiment.
During the Fenian Raid of 1866, when the Irish extremists attempted to influence British policy by attacking Canada, the regiment was called to active duty, both to Niagara and later to Cornwall.  The band mace presented to the regiment by its officers "In Remembrance of Cornwall" is in the museum.
In 1885, during the North-West Rebellion the PWOR was again activated, but not for field service in the West. It was assigned to garrison duties at Tete-du-Pont Barracks (now Fort Frontenac) and Fort Henry.
The Second Boer War, in South Africa, in 1899, again members volunteered for active service.  A number of members served in various units and because of the 14th’s contribution, “South Africa, 1900” became the first battle honour.  A PWOR officer, Major Wallace Bruce Matthews Carruthers, made his own way to South Africa, after being turned down for South Africa service, in Canada. He was "signed-on" as a lieutenant and distinguished himself sufficiently that he was asked to join the regular force. When he returned to Canada, he was asked to set up the Canadian Signal Corps.
The outbreak of World War I in 1914, resulted in a response by members of the regiment.  Very quickly a contingent of 80 men was formed under Captain George T. Richardson, (for whom George Richardson Stadium in Kingston is named—he became the PWOR’s first officer fatality) and sent to the 2nd (Eastern Ontario Regiment) Battalion Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF), of the 1st Canadian Division, which was part of Canada’s First Contingent.
At the same time, the 21st Battalion, CEF was formed in Kingston, under the commanding officer of the PWOR, Lieutenant-Colonel St Pierre Hughes. The PWOR also contributed officers and men to the 59th, 146th, and 253rd Battalions, CEF.
The 21st Battalion earned eighteen battle honours in three years of frontline service. A great deal of the 21st Battalion history, including its colours, is in the PWOR museum. The mascot of the Princess of Wales' Own Regiment during the Great War, a white goat named Nan, retired to the Royal Military College of Canada stables from 1918 until her death on September 22, 1924, at 12 years of age. She was buried in the Cataraqui CemeteryIn 1920, in the post war re-organization of the Militia, the 14th Battalion Rifles was re-designated as a line infantry regiment so that it could carry the battle honours and colours of the 21st Battalion, CEF (A rifle regiment carries its battle honours on its drums).
The Princess of Wales’ Own Regiment became allied on 15 July 1926 with the South Lancashire Regiment (Prince of Wales’ Volunteers), who count among their battle honours Louisburg and Niagara. In the mid-1960s, the South Lancashire Regiment was amalgamated with other Lancashire regiments to form the present allied regiment, the Queen's Lancashire Regiment.
In the Second World War, the decision was made not to mobilize the regiment, because of the heavy losses suffered in the First World War. Instead, it provided one complete company to the Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders (Glens), which went under canvas at the Kingston fairgrounds.  The Glens went ashore on D-Day under a PWOR officer, Lieutenant-Colonel GH Christiansen, as part of the 9th (Highland) Brigade, commanded by another PWOR officer, Brigadier-General Douglas Gordon Cunningham.
In June 1942, the 1st battalion PWOR was formed under Lieutenant-Colonel E Cockburn, and it served in Sherbrooke, Quebec, and Debert, Nova Scotia, where it was deployed for east coast defence. All told, the regiment supplied 1500 men for active service including one brigadier, four colonels and eight lieutenant-colonels.
In 1963, the PWOR celebrated its centennial, and was granted freedom of the City of Kingston. It was presented with the new colours by the Lieutenant Governor, the Honorable Earl Rowe. On the colours was emblazoned the badge of the Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders, 1939–1945, commemorating the service of PWOR members in that regiment.
The PWOR went through a decline during the 1970s and 1980s, where a measure of a unit’s success was simply the ability to remain active and keep off the increasing list of units relegated to the Supplementary Order of Battle.  The regiment was reduced to a minor unit, with only one authorized company for most of the 1970s, until finally in 1978, it was again elevated to major unit status.
In 1895, the regimental quarter master represented Canada at Bisley. His rifle and some of his winnings are on display in the museum.  More recently a member of the unit was part of the 1990 Canadian Forces Bisley Team and a member of the unit's cadet corps distinguished herself on the same ranges.
Today, the regiment is composed of men and women from all walks of life including students, policemen and farmers.  Members of the regiment have distinguished themselves on recent peacekeeping tours in Cyprus and the former republics of Yugoslavia.
Members of the regiment have also served on combat missions in Afghanistan during Operation Medusa.
The Freedom of the City was exercised by the Princess of Wales' Own Regiment in Kingston 4 May 2013.
The Princess of Wales’ Own Regiment maintains itself as an effective component of the ‘Total Force’ army, preparing to fulfill its role, if called upon, as a first rate infantry unit of the Army's Primary Reserve.Second World War
Details from the regiment were called out on service on 26 August 1939 and then placed on active service on 1 September 1939, as The Princess of Wales' Own Regiment (Machine Gun), CASF (Details), for local protection duties. These details were disbanded on 31 December 1940.
The regiment provided No. 1 Company of The Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders, CASF, for active service on 24 May 1940. The regiment subsequently mobilized the 1st Battalion, The Princess of Wales' Own Regiment (Machine Gun), CASF, on 12 May 1942. It was redesignated the 1st Battalion, The Princess of Wales' Own Regiment, CIC, CASF, on 19 July 1943. It served in Canada in a home defence role as part of Military District No. 4. The battalion was disbanded on 15 October 1943.
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