Nystatin instance of medication
Nystatin, sold under the brandname Mycostatin among others, is an antifungal medication. It is used to treat Candida infections of the skin including diaper rash, thrush, esophageal candidiasis, and vaginal yeast infections. It may also be used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk. Nystatin may be used by mouth, in the vagina, or applied to the skin.Common side effects when applied to the skin include burning, itching, and a rash. Common side effects when taken by mouth include vomiting and diarrhea. During pregnancy use in the vagina is safe while other formulations have not been studied in this group. It works by disrupting the cell membrane of the fungal cells.Nystatin was discovered in 1950 by Rachel Fuller Brown and Elizabeth Lee Hazen. It was the first polyene macrolide antifungal. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.  It is made from the bacterium Streptomyces noursei. In 2020, it was the 227th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.Medical uses
Skin, vaginal, mouth, and esophageal Candida infections usually respond well to treatment with nystatin. Infections of nails or hyperkeratinized skin do not respond well. It is available in many forms.
When given parenterally, its activity is reduced due to presence of plasma.Oral nystatin is often used as a preventive treatment in people who are at risk for fungal infections, such as AIDS patients with a low CD4+ count and people receiving chemotherapy. It has been investigated for use in patients after liver transplantation, but fluconazole was found to be much more effective for preventing colonization, invasive infection, and death. It is effective in treating oral candidiasis in elderly people who wear dentures.It is also used in very low birth-weight (less than 1500 g or 3 lb 5oz o) infants to prevent invasive fungal infections, although fluconazole is the preferred treatment. It has been found to reduce the rate of invasive fungal infections and also reduce deaths when used in these babies.Liposomal nystatin is not commercially available, but investigational use has shown greater in vitro activity than colloidal formulations of amphotericin B, and demonstrated effectiveness against some amphotericin B-resistant forms of fungi. It offers an intriguing possibility for difficult-to-treat systemic infections, such as invasive aspergillosis, or infections that demonstrate resistance to amphotericin B. Cryptococcus is also sensitive to nystatin. Additionally, liposomal nystatin appears to cause fewer cases of and less severe nephrotoxicity than observed with amphotericin B.In the UK, its license for treating neonatal oral thrush is restricted to those over the age of one month.It is prescribed in 'units', with doses varying from 100,000 units (for oral infections) to 1 million (for intestinal ones). As it is not absorbed from the gut, it is fairly safe for oral use and does not have problems of drug interactions. On occasion, serum levels of the drug can be identified from oral, vaginal, or cutaneous administration, and lead to toxicity.Nyamyc
Pedi-Dri
Pediaderm AF Complete
Candistatin
Nyaderm
Bio-Statin
PMS-Nystatin
Nystan (oral tablets, topical ointment, and pessaries, formerly from Bristol-Myers Squibb)
Infestat
Nystalocal from Medinova AG
Nystamont
Nystop (topical powder, Paddock)
Nystex
Mykinac
Nysert (vaginal suppositories, Procter & Gamble)
Nystaform (topical cream, and ointment and cream combined with iodochlorhydroxyquine and hydrocortisone; formerly Bayer now Typharm Ltd)
Nilstat (vaginal tablet, oral drops, Lederle)
Korostatin (vaginal tablets, Holland Rantos)
Mycostatin (vaginal tablets, topical powder, suspension Bristol-Myers Squibb)
Mycolog-II (topical ointment, combined with triamcinolone; Apothecon)
Mytrex (topical ointment, combined with triamcinolone)
Mykacet (topical ointment, combined with triamcinolone)
Myco-Triacet II (topical ointment, combined with triamcinolone)
Flagystatin II (cream, combined with metronidazole)
Timodine (cream, combined with hydrocortisone and dimethicone)
Nistatina (oral tablets, Antibiotice Iaşi)
Nidoflor (cream, combined with neomycin sulfate and triamcinolone acetonide)
Stamicin (oral tablets, Antibiotice Iaşi)
Lystin
Animax (veterinary topical ointment or cream; combined with neomycin sulfate, thiostrepton and triamcinolone acetonide)
Nyata (topical powder)
type of example of manifestation of representation of