Self-tuning uses feedback
In control theory a self-tuning system is capable of optimizing its own internal running parameters in order to maximize or minimize the fulfilment of an objective function; typically the maximization of efficiency or error minimization.
Self-tuning and auto-tuning often refer to the same concept.  Many software research groups consider auto-tuning the proper nomenclature.
Self-tuning systems typically exhibit non-linear adaptive control.  Self-tuning systems have been a hallmark of the aerospace industry for decades, as this sort of feedback is necessary to generate optimal multi-variable control for non-linear processes.  In the telecommunications industry, adaptive communications are often used to dynamically modify operational system parameters to maximize efficiency and robustness.
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