Fatimid Caliphate founded by Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah
History
Origins
The Fatimid dynasty came to power as the leaders of Isma'ilism, a revolutionary Shi'a movement "which was at the same time political and religious, philosophical and social", and which originally proclaimed nothing less than the arrival of an Islamic messiah. The origins of that movement, and of the dynasty itself, are obscure prior to the late ninth century.The Fatimids rulers were Arab in origin, starting with its founder the Isma'ili Shia Caliph Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah. The caliphate's establishment was accomplished with Kutama Berbers from Little Kabylia, who converted to the Fatimid cause early and made up its original military forces.Dynasty
Caliphs
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh al-Mahdī bi'llāh (909–934), founder of the Fatimid dynasty
Abū'l-Qāsim Muḥammad al-Qā'im bi-Amr Allāh (934–946)
Abū Ṭāhir Ismāʿil al-Manṣūr bi-Naṣr Allāh (946–953)
Abū Tamīm Maʿadd al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh (953–975). Egypt is conquered during his reign.
Abū Manṣūr Nizār al-ʿAzīz bi-llāh (975–996)
Abū ʿAlī al-Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh (996–1021). The Druze religion is founded during his lifetime.
Abū'l-Ḥasan ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-Iʿzāz Dīn Allāh (1021–1036)
Abū Tamīm Ma'add al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh (1036–1094). Quarrels over his succession led to the Nizari split.
Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad al-Musta'lī bi-llāh (1094–1101)
Abū ʿAlī Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām Allāh (1101–1130). The Fatimid rulers of Egypt after him are not recognized as Imams by Mustaali/Taiyabi Ismailis.
Abu'l-Maymūn ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh (1130–1149). The Hafizi sect is founded with Al-Hafiz as Imam.
Abū Manṣūr Ismāʿil al-Zāfir bi-Amr Allāh (1149–1154)
Abū'l-Qāsim ʿĪsā al-Fā'iz bi-Naṣr Allāh (1154–1160)
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh al-ʿĀḍid li-Dīn Allāh (1160–1171)
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