Emperor Ming of Han spouse Empress Ma
Early reign
Due to a naming taboo, people with the surname Zhuang (莊) were forced to change their surname to Yan (嚴).Emperor Ming quickly established himself as a diligent and capable administrator of the empire.  He did many things to try to stamp out corrupt officials, often putting them to death if they were discovered.
One thing traditional historians praised him for was his fair treatment of his brothers by the deposed Empress Guo, treating them as if they were also born of his mother Empress Dowager Yin.  In 58, when his older brother, Prince Jiang of Donghai (the former crown prince) died, he ordered that the princes and major officials to attend Prince Jiang's funeral—a highly unusual honor—at Lucheng (魯城, in modern Jining, Shandong), the capital of Donghai.
In 59, at the suggestion of his brother Liu Cang (劉蒼) the Prince of Dongping, Emperor Ming instituted a number of Confucian rituals, in which the emperor personally honored the officials who had helped him, to show humility.
In 60, he created his favorite Consort Ma (who was also a favorite of his mother Empress Dowager Yin) empress, and created her adopted son Prince Da crown prince.
The same year, to honour the generals and officials who had assisted his father Emperor Guangwu in reestablishing the Han Dynasty, Emperor Ming, perhaps echoing what Emperor Xuan had done, had the portraits of 28 of them drawn on a palace tower (known as "Yuntai 28 Generals").  Later, four more portraits were added.  However, Ma Yuan, because he was the father of the empress, did not receive this honor.
During the early part of his reign, North Xiongnu continued to be a constant threat to both Han and her ally South Xiongnu.  Emperor Ming engaged in a variety of military and economic tactics to try to maintain peace with North Xiongnu and was largely successful.  In 65, he established a permanent border defense force, known as the Duliao Army (度遼營), in charge of protecting the northern boundaries and South Xiongnu, and also to prevent the people of South Xiongnu from defecting to North Xiongnu.
In 66, in what would eventually evolve into one of the first imperial university in Chinese history, Emperor Ming built a Confucian school at the capital Luoyang, for the children of high officials and marquesses.  South Xiongnu nobles' children also attended.
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