John Celivergos Zachos occupation abolitionist
Zachos left Parris Island towards the end of 1863 to conclude the experiment.  While he was at Port Royal he studied the difficulties former slaves encountered with learning how to read.  Namely, older slaves had a hard time due to years of torture and psychological abuse.
Zachos traveled back to Boston. He lived in the neighborhood where he grew up and where Samuel Gridley Howe still maintained a residence.  During the beginning of 1864, Zachos assembled a group of uneducated immigrants, both male and female.  The test subjects did not speak or read English.
Zachos, with the knowledge he acquired from the former slaves, put together a curriculum to instruct the test subjects.  Because he did not have a book he used charts and the chalkboard.  The students had to wait until March 1864 to receive the first book which had an extremely long title  The Phonic Primer and Reader, A National Method of teaching Reading by the Sounds of the Letters without altering the Orthography. Designed Chiefly for the Use of Night-Schools Where Adults are Taught, and for the Myriads of Freed Men and Women, Whose First Rush from the Prison-House of Slavery is to the Gates of the Temple of Knowledge.The test concluded that the new technique he created during his time at Port Royal was effective enough to teach adults. It was a simple teaching method.  The method employed a unique phonic education technique of teaching English reading by sounds of letters.  That same year an official book was published to educate the former adult slaves.  Phonic Primer and Reader.  Thus was coined the phrase: The Port Royal Experiment. After his work Salmon P. Chase gave Zachos an extraordinary recommendation.
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