Input: who did mike kill in better call saul

Five-O (Better Call Saul)

In another flashback , Mike is seen breaking into a police car parked outside a bar . He enters the bar , and after a few drinks , confronts Fenske and Hoffman , telling them `` I know it was you '' . A few hours later , as Mike is the last customer and the bar is about to close , he announces to the barkeeper that he plans to move to Albuquerque and leaves . As he staggers home , Fenske and Hoffman drive up in their patrol car , offer him a safe ride home , and seat him in the back seat . They take away his handgun and ask him what he meant earlier in the bar . Mike , apparently still drunk , slurs that he knows that it was them who killed Matty . As the two drive Mike to an abandoned factory site , he retrieves a hidden gun from the backseat cushions . When it becomes clear that Hoffman and Fenske intend to kill Mike , he reveals that his drunken stupor was faked . Fenske attempts to fire at Mike , but discovers the gun he took from Mike is empty . Mike promptly shoots Fenske three times in the chest . Hoffman tries to pull out his gun , but Mike quickly dispatches him with a bullet to the head . Fenske is able to draw his duty - issue pistol and fires off two rounds , one of which strikes Mike in the left shoulder . Mike returns fire , hitting Fenske in the neck . Though mortally wounded , Fenske tries to crawl away . Mike slowly walks towards him and steps on his leg , preventing him from reaching for his weapon again . Fenske raises his other hand as if to beg for his life , but an unmerciful Mike finishes him off by shooting him in the head . Mike collects his gun from Fenske and walks off , preparing to depart for Albuquerque .

Answer: Hoffman tries to pull out his gun, but Mike quickly shoots him with a bullet to the head.  Fenske raises his other hand as if to beg for his life, but an unmerciful Mike finishes him off by shooting him in the head.

Hoffman tries to pull out his gun , but Mike quickly dispatches him with a bullet to the head .

Fenske raises his other hand as if to beg for his life , but an unmerciful Mike finishes him off by shooting him in the head .


Input: who sing how long will i love you

How Long Will I Love You?

`` How Long Will I Love You ? '' is a song by folk - rock band The Waterboys from their fifth studio album , Room to Roam ( 1990 ) . Written by Mike Scott , it was released as the album 's lead single . The song was subsequently covered by English singer Ellie Goulding and released as the second single from her album Halcyon Days ( 2013 ) . Goulding 's version is included on the soundtrack to the 2013 film About Time , which also features a different cover by Jon Boden , Sam Sweeney and Ben Coleman .

Answer: ``How Long Will I Love You?'' is a song by folk-rock band The Waterboys. The song was subsequently covered by English singer Ellie Goulding.

is a song by folk - rock band The Waterboys from their fifth studio album , Room to Roam ( 1990 ) .

The song was subsequently covered by English singer Ellie Goulding and released as the second single from her album Halcyon Days ( 2013 ) .


Input: where is the mitochondria located in the human body

Mitochondrion

Mitochondria ( and related structures ) are found in all eukaryotes ( except one -- the Oxymonad Monocercomonoides sp . ) . Although commonly depicted as bean - like structures they form a highly dynamic network in the majority of cells where they constantly undergo fission and fusion . Mitochondria vary in number and location according to cell type . A single mitochondrion is often found in unicellular organisms . Conversely , numerous mitochondria are found in human liver cells , with about 1000 -- 2000 mitochondria per cell , making up 1 / 5 of the cell volume . The population of all the mitochondria of a given cell constitutes the chondriome . The mitochondrial content of otherwise similar cells can vary substantially in size and membrane potential , with differences arising from sources including uneven partitioning at cell divisions , leading to extrinsic differences in ATP levels and downstream cellular processes . The mitochondria can be found nestled between myofibrils of muscle or wrapped around the sperm flagellum . Often , they form a complex 3D branching network inside the cell with the cytoskeleton . The association with the cytoskeleton determines mitochondrial shape , which can affect the function as well : different structures of the mitochondrial network may afford the population a variety of physical , chemical , and signalling advantages or disadvantages . Mitochondria in cells are always distributed along microtubules and the distribution of these organelles is also correlated with the endoplasmic reticulum . Recent evidence suggests that vimentin , one of the components of the cytoskeleton , is also critical to the association with the cytoskeleton .

Answer: Numerous mitochondria are found in human liver cells , with about 1000 -- 2000 mitochondria per cell , making up 1 / 5 of the cell volume . The mitochondria can be found nestled between myofibrils of muscle or wrapped around the sperm flagellum .

Conversely , numerous mitochondria are found in human liver cells , with about 1000 -- 2000 mitochondria per cell , making up 1 / 5 of the cell volume .

The mitochondria can be found nestled between myofibrils of muscle or wrapped around the sperm flagellum .


Input: who wrote the book acts in the bible

Acts of the Apostles

The author is not named in either volume . According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century , he was the `` Luke '' named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself ; this view is still sometimes advanced , but `` a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters . '' ) ( An example can be seen by comparing Acts 's accounts of Paul 's conversion ( Acts 9 : 1 -- 31 , 22 : 6 -- 21 , and 26 : 9 -- 23 ) with Paul 's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event ( Galatians 1 : 17 -- 24 ) . ) The author `` is an admirer of Paul , but does not share Paul 's own view of himself as an apostle ; his own theology is considerably different from Paul 's on key points and does not represent Paul 's own views accurately . '' He was educated , a man of means , probably urban , and someone who respected manual work , although not a worker himself ; this is significant , because more high - brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke 's audience .

Answer: The author is not named in either volume .According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century , he was the `` Luke '' named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself. The author `` is an admirer of Paul , but does not share Paul 's own view of himself as an apostle .

The author is not named in either volume .

According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century , he was the `` Luke '' named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself ; this view is still sometimes advanced , but `` a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters . '' )

The author `` is an admirer of Paul , but does not share Paul 's own view of himself as an apostle ; his own theology is considerably different from Paul 's on key points and does not represent Paul 's own views accurately . ''


Input: define the location of india in the world

India

India ( IAST : Bhārat ) , also called the Republic of India ( IAST : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh - largest country by area , the second-most populous country ( with over 1.2 billion people ) , and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia .

Answer: India is a country in South Asia . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives .

India ( IAST : Bhārat ) , also called the Republic of India ( IAST : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia .

It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast .

It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east .

In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives .


Input: which state has its own constitution in india

Federalism in India

The state of Jammu and Kashmir has a separate set of applicable laws under Article 370 read with Appendix I & II ( The Constitution ( Application to Jammu and Kashmir ) Order , 1954 ) of the Indian constitution . Only matters related to defence , foreign relations and communications of Jammu and Kashmir are under the jurisdiction of Union government . The laws enacted by the parliament ( including amendments to the Indian constitution ) applicable to rest of India are not valid in J&K state unless ratified by its state assembly . The Government of India can declare a state of emergency in Jammu and Kashmir and impose governor 's rule in certain conditions . The state has its own constitution other than applicable Indian constitution . Part XII of the J&K state constitution makes provision to amend its constitution with two - thirds majority by the state assembly . Part VI ( The states ) and Part XIV ( Services ) of the Indian constitution is not applicable to J&K state per Article 152 and Article 308 .

Answer: The state of Jammu and Kashmir has a separate set of applicable laws and its own constitution other than applicable Indian constitution.

The state of Jammu and Kashmir has a separate set of applicable laws under Article 370 read with Appendix I & II ( The Constitution ( Application to Jammu and Kashmir )

The state has its own constitution other than applicable Indian constitution .


Input: who was the first star on walk of fame

Hollywood Walk of Fame

While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame , in fact there was no `` first '' recipient ; the original stars were installed as a continuous project , with no individual ceremonies . Woodward 's name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars that were built while litigation was still holding up permanent construction . The eight prototypes were installed temporarily on the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to demonstrate how the Walk would eventually look . The other seven names were Olive Borden , Ronald Colman , Louise Fazenda , Preston Foster , Burt Lancaster , Edward Sedgwick , and Ernest Torrence . Official groundbreaking took place on February 8 , 1960 . On March 28 , 1960 , the first permanent star , director Stanley Kramer 's , was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower . The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated , according to one source , because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers .

Answer: While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame, in fact there was no ``first'' recipient; the original stars were installed as a continuous project, with no individual ceremonies. The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated, according to one source, because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers.

While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame , in fact there was no `` first '' recipient ; the original stars were installed as a continuous project , with no individual ceremonies .

The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated , according to one source , because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers .


Input: what is the average speed of a nascar car

Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series

Race speeds vary widely depending on the track . The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway , where the record average speed is 188.354 mph ( 303.126 km / h ) and the record qualifying lap is 212.809 mph ( 342.483 km / h ) , set by Bill Elliott in 1987 . The record stands unlikely to be broken , as restrictor plates were made mandatory at superspeedways in 1988 to reduce speeds . The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway , a road course with a record average speed of only 83.6 mph ( 134.5 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.3 mph ( 159.8 km / h ) , and Martinsville Speedway , a short , nearly flat `` paper clip '' oval , with a record average speed of 82.2 mph ( 132.3 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.9 mph ( 160.8 km / h ) . The average speed of a race is determined by dividing the winner 's race time ( from the waving of the green flag to the waving of the checkered flag , including laps spent under caution ) by the distance of the race . Time elapsed during red flag periods is not included in the calculation of the average speed .

Answer: Race speeds vary widely depending on the track . The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway , where the record average speed is 188.354 mph ( 303.126 km / h ) and the record qualifying lap is 212.809 mph ( 342.483 km / h ) , set by Bill Elliott in 1987 .The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway , a road course with a record average speed of only 83.6 mph ( 134.5 km / h ) and Martinsville Speedway , a short , nearly flat `` paper clip '' oval , with a record average speed of 82.2 mph ( 132.3 km / h ).

Race speeds vary widely depending on the track .

The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway , where the record average speed is 188.354 mph ( 303.126 km / h ) and the record qualifying lap is 212.809 mph ( 342.483 km / h ) , set by Bill Elliott in 1987 .

The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway , a road course with a record average speed of only 83.6 mph ( 134.5 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.3 mph ( 159.8 km / h ) , and Martinsville Speedway , a short , nearly flat `` paper clip '' oval , with a record average speed of 82.2 mph ( 132.3 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.9 mph ( 160.8 km / h ) .


Input: where was indiana jones and the last crusade filmed in venice

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Shooting in Venice took place on August 8 . For scenes such as Indiana and Brody greeting Elsa , shots of the boat chase , and Kazim telling Indiana where his father is , Robert Watts gained control of the Grand Canal from 7 am to 1 pm , sealing off tourists for as long as possible . Cinematographer Douglas Slocombe positioned the camera to ensure no satellite dishes would be visible . San Barnaba di Venezia served as the library 's exterior . The next day , filming moved to the ancient city of Petra , Jordan , where Al Khazneh ( The Treasury ) stood in for the temple housing the Grail . The cast and crew became guests of King Hussein and Queen Noor . The Treasury had previously appeared in Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger . The main cast completed their scenes that week , after 63 days of filming .

Answer: Shooting in Venice includes Grand Canal, San Barnaba di Venezia, and the ancient city of Petra.

Shooting in Venice took place on August 8 .

For scenes such as Indiana and Brody greeting Elsa , shots of the boat chase , and Kazim telling Indiana where his father is , Robert Watts gained control of the Grand Canal from 7 am to 1 pm , sealing off tourists for as long as possible .

San Barnaba di Venezia served as the library 's exterior .

The next day , filming moved to the ancient city of Petra , Jordan , where Al Khazneh ( The Treasury ) stood in for the temple housing the Grail .

Answer: Shooting in Venice includes Grand Canal and San Barnaba di Venezia.

Shooting in Venice took place on August 8 .

For scenes such as Indiana and Brody greeting Elsa , shots of the boat chase , and Kazim telling Indiana where his father is , Robert Watts gained control of the Grand Canal from 7 am to 1 pm , sealing off tourists for as long as possible .

San Barnaba di Venezia served as the library 's exterior .


Input: who discovered that infectious disease was spread by bacteria

Germ theory of disease

The germ theory was proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546 , and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762 . Such views were held in disdain , however , and Galen 's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors . The nature of this doctrine prevented them from understanding how diseases actually progressed , with predictable consequences . By the early nineteenth century , smallpox vaccination was commonplace in Europe , though doctors were unaware of how it worked or how to extend the principle to other diseases . Similar treatments had been prevalent in India from just before AD 1000 . A transitional period began in the late 1850s with the work of Louis Pasteur . This work was later extended by Robert Koch in the 1880s . By the end of the 1880s the miasma theory was struggling to compete with the germ theory of disease . Eventually , a `` golden era '' of bacteriology ensued , during which the theory quickly led to the identification of the actual organisms that cause many diseases . Viruses were discovered in the 1890s .

Answer: The germ theory was proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546, and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762. Such views were held in disdain and Galen's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors. A transitional period began in the late 1850s with the work of Louis Pasteur.

The germ theory was proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546 , and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762 .

Such views were held in disdain , however , and Galen 's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors .

A transitional period began in the late 1850s with the work of Louis Pasteur .


Input: when did democrats and republicans become the two major parties

Two-party system

There is general agreement that the United States has a two - party system ; historically , there have been few instances in which third party candidates won an election . In the First Party System , only Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson 's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties . Toward the end of the First Party System , the Republicans dominated a one - party system ( primarily under the Presidency of James Monroe ) . Under the Second Party System , the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams ' Men and Jackson 's Men . In 1828 , the modern Democratic Party formed in support of Andrew Jackson . The National Republicans were formed in support of John Quincy Adams . After the National Republicans collapsed , the Whig Party and the Free Soil Party quickly formed and collapsed . In 1854 , the modern Republican Party formed from a loose coalition of former Whigs , Free Soilers and other anti-slavery activists . Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican president in 1860 .

Answer: In the First Party System, only Alexander Hamilton's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties. Under the Second Party System, the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824.

In the First Party System , only Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson 's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties .

Under the Second Party System , the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams ' Men and Jackson 's Men .


Input: what happened to matt and julie on friday night lights

Matt Saracen

Julie visits Matt in Chicago on her way back to college after an incident with her History TA . Even though Julie says that she does not fit in Matt 's life anymore , the two quickly resume their relationship . Before Julie leaves , Matt tells her that they will figure out a way to make things work . Matt surprises Julie and his grandmother by returning home for Christmas . He tells Julie that he wants to be with her forever and proposes , in front of the Alamo Freeze . Despite worries from Coach Taylor and Tami , the young couple convinces them that they are making the right choice . In the final moments of the series , which occurs eight months later , the two are shown happily living together in Chicago .

Answer: Julie visits Matt in Chicago. The two resume their relationship. In the final moments of the series, which occurs eight months later, the two are shown happily living together in Chicago.

Julie visits Matt in Chicago on her way back to college after an incident with her History TA .

Even though Julie says that she does not fit in Matt 's life anymore , the two quickly resume their relationship .

In the final moments of the series , which occurs eight months later , the two are shown happily living together in Chicago .


Input: what is a hard cost vs soft cost

Soft costs

For a contractor , soft costs are essentially construction costs incurred that are not labor and materials . Delay in Start Up insurance coverage and soft costs are not the same . Some soft costs may be incurred in the repair of a covered loss before the anticipated completion date is reached . These can be architect fees or engineering fees incurred to repair loss or damage to the insured property . Only those indirect costs that are above what would have been incurred up to the anticipated completion date but continue after such date due to the insured delay are soft costs that are covered by delay in completion or delay in start up coverage . Soft cost is a contractor accounting term for their expenses that are not associated with a particular construction task . Their construction trailer , water delivery , book keepers , etc. are all soft costs that continue on after the original anticipated completion date is reached , if the project is delayed . Only if the delay was caused by an insured loss would the insurance pick these expenses up , and only if the policy includes delay in start up coverage . Any repair costs which are not labor or materials and are indemnified to complete the repair of property loss should not be reported under delay in completion and there is no delay in completion until the anticipated date of completion is reached , and the project is not finished . Not all indirect costs are time related expenses that continue after the original date of completion . Those soft costs ( indirect costs ) which are continuing fixed expenses that continue because the project is delayed by an insured loss are soft costs that should be included with the delay in start up values . A soft cost to a contractor , such as his administration costs , can be a hard cost to the owner because what the contractor invoices the owner is the owner 's direct cost . If the owner employs engineers to overlook construction as the project is executed , this will be a continuing expense during repair if the repair is done after the original completion date and would be reported in the delay in completion values . If the engineer cost was a one time charge for a design , he may need to be consulted in order for the loss to be repaired . This expense does not occur because of a delay , but is incurred to repair property damage and hence should be included in the construction costs if the intention is for that expense to be covered in the indemnification depending on policy wording . If the project is insured to the extent of the reported values , and that value was left out to compute the premium , the company may decline that cost in the indemnification .

Answer: For a contractor , soft costs are essentially construction costs incurred that are not labor and materials . Delay in Start Up insurance coverage and soft costs are not the same . Some soft costs may be incurred in the repair of a covered loss before the anticipated completion date is reached . Soft cost is a contractor accounting term for their expenses that are not associated with a particular construction task . A soft cost to a contractor , such as his administration costs , can be a hard cost to the owner because what the contractor invoices the owner is the owner 's direct cost .

For a contractor , soft costs are essentially construction costs incurred that are not labor and materials .

Delay in Start Up insurance coverage and soft costs are not the same .

Some soft costs may be incurred in the repair of a covered loss before the anticipated completion date is reached .

Soft cost is a contractor accounting term for their expenses that are not associated with a particular construction task .

A soft cost to a contractor , such as his administration costs , can be a hard cost to the owner because what the contractor invoices the owner is the owner 's direct cost .


Input: george rr martin the winds of winter release date

The Winds of Winter

On January 10 , 2017 , Martin announced on his blog in a response to a comment that he believed that The Winds of Winter will be released `` this year '' , referring to 2017 . However , he also noted that he had believed the same thing would occur the previous year . He confirmed on his blog that he was still working on The Winds of Winter as of July 22 , 2017 , being `` still months away '' from finishing the book . He also indicated that it may not be published until 2018 or later , with Fire & Blood , the book on the history of House Targaryen , possibly preceding it . In April 2018 , Martin confirmed on his blog that Fire and Blood would be published November 20 , 2018 , and The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018 . In June and again in August 2018 , he confirmed he 's continuing work on The Winds of Winter .

Answer: The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018 . In June and again in August 2018 , he confirmed he 's continuing work on The Winds of Winter .

On January 10 , 2017 , Martin announced on his blog in a response to a comment that he believed that The Winds of Winter will be released `` this year '' , referring to 2017 .

He also indicated that it may not be published until 2018 or later , with Fire & Blood , the book on the history of House Targaryen , possibly preceding it .

In April 2018 , Martin confirmed on his blog that Fire and Blood would be published November 20 , 2018 , and The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018 .

In June and again in August 2018 , he confirmed he 's continuing work on The Winds of Winter .

Answer: On January 10, 2017, Martin announced that he believed that The Winds of Winter would be released "this year". In July he confirmed to being "still month away" from finishing the book. In April 2018 he confirmed that The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018.

On January 10 , 2017 , Martin announced on his blog in a response to a comment that he believed that The Winds of Winter will be released `` this year '' , referring to 2017 .

He confirmed on his blog that he was still working on The Winds of Winter as of July 22 , 2017 , being `` still months away '' from finishing the book .

In April 2018 , Martin confirmed on his blog that Fire and Blood would be published November 20 , 2018 , and The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018 .


Input: 5. what factors contributed to the economic issues in argentina

Economic history of Argentina

Beginning in the 1930s , however , the Argentine economy deteriorated notably . The single most important factor in this decline has been political instability since 1930 , when a military junta took power , ending seven decades of civilian constitutional government . In macroeconomic terms , Argentina was one of the most stable and conservative countries until the Great Depression , after which it turned into one of the most unstable . Despite this , up until 1962 the Argentine GDP per capita was higher than of Austria , Italy , Japan and of its former colonial master , Spain . Successive governments from the 1930s to the 1970s pursued a strategy of import substitution to achieve industrial self - sufficiency , but the government 's encouragement of industrial growth diverted investment from agricultural production , which fell dramatically .

Answer: he single most important factor in this decline has been political instability since 1930 , when a military junta took power , ending seven decades of civilian constitutional government .Successive governments from the 1930s to the 1970s pursued a strategy of import substitution to achieve industrial self - sufficiency , but the government 's encouragement of industrial growth diverted investment from agricultural production , which fell dramatically .

The single most important factor in this decline has been political instability since 1930 , when a military junta took power , ending seven decades of civilian constitutional government .

Successive governments from the 1930s to the 1970s pursued a strategy of import substitution to achieve industrial self - sufficiency , but the government 's encouragement of industrial growth diverted investment from agricultural production , which fell dramatically .


Input: why is it important for the president to share powers with congress

Powers of the President of the United States

The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was designed to do one primary thing : to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist . Based on their experience , the framers shied away from giving any branch of the new government too much power . The separation of powers provides a system of shared power known as `` checks and balances '' . For example , the President appoints judges and departmental secretaries , but these appointments must be approved by the Senate . The president can veto bills , or deny them . If he does that , the bill is sent back to Congress .

Answer: The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was primarily designed to do one thing: to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist. For example, the President appoints judges and departmental secretaries, but these appointments must be approved by the Senate.

The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was designed to do one primary thing : to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist .

For example , the President appoints judges and departmental secretaries , but these appointments must be approved by the Senate .

Answer: The separation of powers provides a system of shared power to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist.

The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was designed to do one primary thing : to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist .

The separation of powers provides a system of shared power known as `` checks and balances '' .


Input: where is salt lake city on the map of usa

Salt Lake City

Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah . With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014 , the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area , which has a population of 1,153,340 ( 2014 estimate ) . Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City -- Ogden -- Provo Combined Statistical Area . This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile ( 190 km ) segment of the Wasatch Front , comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014 . It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin ( the other is Reno , Nevada ) .

Answer: Salt Lake City is located in the U.S. state of Utah. It is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City -- Ogden -- Provo Combined Statistical Area.

Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah .

Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City -- Ogden -- Provo Combined Statistical Area .


Input: where did the idea of having a senate come from

Senate

The modern word Senate is derived from the ( Latin ) word senātus ( senate ) , which comes from senex , `` old man '' . The members or legislators of a senate are called senators . The Latin word senator was adopted into English with no change in spelling . Its meaning is derived from a very ancient form of social organization , in which advisory or decision - making powers are reserved for the eldest men . For the same reason , the word senate is correctly used when referring to any powerful authority characteristically composed by the eldest members of a community , as a deliberative body of a faculty in an institution of higher learning is often called a senate . This form adaptation was used to show the power of those in body and for the decision - making process to be thorough , which could take a long period of time . The original senate was the Roman Senate , which lasted until at least AD 603 , although various efforts to revive it were made in Medieval Rome ) . In the Eastern Roman Empire , the Byzantine Senate continued until the Fourth Crusade , circa 1202 -- 1204 .

Answer: The modern word Senate is derived from senex, ``old man''. Its meaning is derived from a very ancient form of social organization, in which advisory or decision making powers are reserved for the eldest men.

The modern word Senate is derived from the ( Latin ) word senātus ( senate ) , which comes from senex , `` old man '' .

Its meaning is derived from a very ancient form of social organization , in which advisory or decision - making powers are reserved for the eldest men .


Input: where did the expression jim crow come from

Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States . Enacted by white Democratic - dominated state legislatures in the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period , these laws continued to be enforced until 1965 . They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America , starting in 1896 with a `` separate but equal '' status for African Americans in railroad cars . Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War . This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation , including segregated cars on interstate trains and , later , buses . Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to European Americans ; sometimes they did not exist at all . This body of law institutionalized a number of economic , educational , and social disadvantages . De jure segregation existed mainly in the Southern states , while Northern segregation was generally de facto -- patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants , bank lending practices , and job discrimination , including discriminatory labor union practices . `` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro '' .

Answer:
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
 `` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro ''.

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States .

`` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro '' .

Answer: Jim Crow was a pejorative expression meaning "Negro".

`` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro '' .


Input: can you use discs for xbox one backwards compatibility

List of backward compatible games for Xbox One

During Microsoft 's E3 2015 press conference on June 15 , 2015 , Microsoft announced plans to introduce Xbox 360 backward compatibility on the Xbox One at no additional cost . Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator and have access to certain Xbox One features , such as recording and broadcasting gameplay . Games do not run directly from discs . A relicensed form of the game is downloaded automatically when a supported game is inserted , instead of having to make extensive modifications to the game in - order to port the original title . This means , that the only reason every single Xbox 360 title is not available , is a judicial issue , not an engineering one . All Xbox 360 games could run out - of - the - box on Xbox One , as they require no modifications or porting to run , other than a valid license . While digitally - purchased games will automatically appear for download in the user 's library once available . As with Xbox One titles , if the game is installed using physical media , the disc is still required for validation purposes .

Answer: Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator. A relicensed form of the game is downloaded automatically when a supported game is inserted, instead of having to make extensive modifications to the game in order to port the original title.

Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator and have access to certain Xbox One features , such as recording and broadcasting gameplay .

A relicensed form of the game is downloaded automatically when a supported game is inserted , instead of having to make extensive modifications to the game in - order to port the original title .

Answer: Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator and have access to certain Xbox One features , such as recording and broadcasting gameplay . Games do not run directly from discs .

Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator and have access to certain Xbox One features , such as recording and broadcasting gameplay .


Input: why are the ganesh statues immersed in water at the end of the festival

Ganesh Chaturthi

Ganesh Chaturthi ( IAST : Gaṇēśa Chaturthī ) , also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi ( Vināyaka Chaturthī ) is the Hindu festival that reveres god Ganesha . A ten - day festival , it starts on the fourth day of Hindu luni - solar calendar month Bhadrapada , which typically falls in Gregorian months of August or September . The festival is marked with installation of Ganesha clay idols privately in homes , or publicly on elaborate pandals ( temporary stage ) . Observations include chanting of Vedic hymns and Hindu texts such as Ganapati Upanishad , prayers and vrata ( fasting ) . Offerings and prasada from the daily prayers , that is distributed from the pandal to the community , include sweets such as modaka believed to be a favorite of the elephant - headed deity . The festival ends on the tenth day after start , wherein the idol is carried in a public procession with music and group chanting , then immersed in nearby water body such as a river or ocean , thereafter the clay idol dissolves and Ganesha is believed to return to Mount Kailash to Parvati and Shiva .

Answer: Ganesh Chaturthi is the Hindu festival that reveres god Ganesha. The festival ends on the tenth day, wherein the idol is carried in a public procession, then immersed in nearby water body such as a river or ocean, thereafter the clay idol dissolves and Ganesha is believed to return to Mount Kailash to Parvati and Shiva.

Ganesh Chaturthi ( IAST : Gaṇēśa Chaturthī ) , also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi ( Vināyaka Chaturthī ) is the Hindu festival that reveres god Ganesha .

The festival ends on the tenth day after start , wherein the idol is carried in a public procession with music and group chanting , then immersed in nearby water body such as a river or ocean , thereafter the clay idol dissolves and Ganesha is believed to return to Mount Kailash to Parvati and Shiva .


Input: what do you do at a hindu temple

Hindu temple

When inside the temple , devotees keep both hands folded ( namaste mudra ) . The inner sanctuary , where the murtis reside , is known as the garbhagriha . It symbolizes the birthplace of the universe , the meeting place of the gods and mankind , and the threshold between the transcendental and the phenomenal worlds . It is in this inner shrine that devotees seek a darsana of , where they offer prayers . Devotees may or may not be able to personally present their offerings at the feet of the deity . In most large Indian temples , only the pujaris ( priest ) are allowed to enter into the main sanctum .

Answer:
When inside the temple, devotees keep both hands folded ( namaste mudra ).
It is in this inner shrine, the garbhagriha, that devotees seek a darsana of, where they offer prayers .

When inside the temple , devotees keep both hands folded ( namaste mudra ) .

The inner sanctuary , where the murtis reside , is known as the garbhagriha .

It is in this inner shrine that devotees seek a darsana of , where they offer prayers .

Answer: When inside the Hindu temple , devotees keep both hands folded and seek a darsana of , where they offer prayers in the inner shrine. They may or may not be able to personally present their offerings at the feet of the deity .

When inside the temple , devotees keep both hands folded ( namaste mudra ) .

It is in this inner shrine that devotees seek a darsana of , where they offer prayers .

Devotees may or may not be able to personally present their offerings at the feet of the deity .


Input: where are the headquarters of the united nations located

Headquarters of the United Nations

The United Nations is headquartered in New York City , in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer . The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952 . It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan , on spacious grounds overlooking the East River . Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east . The term `` Turtle Bay '' is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole .

Answer: The United Nations is headquartered in New York City,  in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, overlooking the East River. Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east .

The United Nations is headquartered in New York City , in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer .

It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan , on spacious grounds overlooking the East River .

Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east .


Input: when was the new world trade center built

One World Trade Center

The building 's architect was David Childs , whose firm Skidmore , Owings & Merrill ( SOM ) also designed the Burj Khalifa and the Willis Tower . The construction of below - ground utility relocations , footings , and foundations for the new building began on April 27 , 2006 . One World Trade Center became the tallest structure in New York City on April 30 , 2012 , when it surpassed the height of the Empire State Building . The tower 's steel structure was topped out on August 30 , 2012 . On May 10 , 2013 , the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed , making the building , including its spire , reach a total height of 1,776 feet ( 541 m ) . Its height in feet is a deliberate reference to the year when the United States Declaration of Independence was signed . The building opened on November 3 , 2014 ; the One World Observatory opened on May 29 , 2015 .

Answer: The new One World Trade Center building began on April 27 , 2006 . On May 10 , 2013 , the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed.

The construction of below - ground utility relocations , footings , and foundations for the new building began on April 27 , 2006 .

On May 10 , 2013 , the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed , making the building , including its spire , reach a total height of 1,776 feet ( 541 m ) .


Input: branches of the armed forces of the philippines

Armed Forces of the Philippines

The Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP ) ( Filipino : Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas , Spanish : Fuerzas Armadas de Filipinas ) are the military forces of the Philippines . It consists of the Army , Navy ( including the Marine Corps ) and the Air Force . The President of the Philippines is the Commander - in - Chief of AFP and forms military policy with the Department of National Defense , an executive department acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out . A previous attached branch is the defunct Philippine Constabulary , while the Philippine Coast Guard is a war time attached service . Military service is entirely voluntary .

Answer: Armed Forces of the Philippines consists of the Army, Navy (including the Marine Corps) and the Air Force. A previous attached branch is the defunct Philippine Constabulary, while the Philippine Coast Guard is a war time attached service.

It consists of the Army , Navy ( including the Marine Corps ) and the Air Force .

A previous attached branch is the defunct Philippine Constabulary , while the Philippine Coast Guard is a war time attached service .


Input: what does kudzu have to do with controlling erosion

Kudzu in the United States

The kudzu plant was introduced to the United States from Japan in 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia . Kudzu was introduced to the Southeast in 1883 at the New Orleans Exposition . The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches , and in the first half of the 20th century , kudzu was distributed as a high - protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion . It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl . The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare . By 1946 , it was estimated that 1,200,000 hectares ( 3,000,000 acres ) of kudzu had been planted . When boll weevil infestations and the failure of cotton crops caused farmers to abandon their farms , kudzu plantings were left unattended . The climate and environment of the Southeastern United States allowed the kudzu to grow virtually unchecked . In 1953 the United States Department of Agriculture removed kudzu from a list of suggested cover plants and listed it as a weed in 1970 . By 1997 , the vine was placed on the `` Federal Noxious Weed List '' . Today , kudzu is estimated to cover 3,000,000 hectares ( 7,400,000 acres ) of land in the southeastern United States , mostly in Alabama , Georgia , Tennessee , Florida , North Carolina , South Carolina and Mississippi . It has been recorded in Nova Scotia , Canada , in Columbus , Ohio , and in all five boroughs of New York City .

Answer: The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches , and in the first half of the 20th century , kudzu was distributed as a high - protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion .The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare .

The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches , and in the first half of the 20th century , kudzu was distributed as a high - protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion .

The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare .

Answer: In the first half of the 20th century, kudzu was distributed as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion.  It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl.  The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare.

The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches , and in the first half of the 20th century , kudzu was distributed as a high - protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion .

It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl .

The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare .


Input: how much was the friends cast paid per episode

Friends

In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode . The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . Before their salary negotiations for the third season , the cast decided to enter collective negotiations , despite Warner Bros . ' preference for individual deals . The actors were given the salary of the least - paid cast member , meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time . The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations . At the time , that financial benefit of a piece of the show 's lucrative back - end profits had only been given out to stars who had ownership rights in a show , like Jerry Seinfeld and Bill Cosby .

Answer: In their original contracts for the first season, cast members of Friends were paid $22,500 per episode. The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight and $1 million in seasons nine and ten.

In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .

The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time .

Answer: In their original contracts for the first season, cast members of Friends were paid $22,500 per episode. The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight and $1 million in seasons nine and ten.

In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .

The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode .

The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time .


Input: what type of fault does a divergent boundary have

Divergent boundary

Divergent boundaries are typified in the oceanic lithosphere by the rifts of the oceanic ridge system , including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise , and in the continental lithosphere by rift valleys such as the famous East African Great Rift Valley . Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system . Spreading is generally not uniform , so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different , massive transform faults occur . These are the fracture zones , many bearing names , that are a major source of submarine earthquakes . A sea floor map will show a rather strange pattern of blocky structures that are separated by linear features perpendicular to the ridge axis . If one views the sea floor between the fracture zones as conveyor belts carrying the ridge on each side of the rift away from the spreading center the action becomes clear . Crest depths of the old ridges , parallel to the current spreading center , will be older and deeper ... ( from thermal contraction and subsidence ) .

Answer: Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system. These are the fracture zones that are a major source of submarine earthquakes.

Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system .

These are the fracture zones , many bearing names , that are a major source of submarine earthquakes .

Answer: Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system. Spreading is generally not uniform, so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different, massive transform faults occur.  These are the fracture zones that are a major source of submarine earthquakes.

Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system .

Spreading is generally not uniform , so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different , massive transform faults occur .

These are the fracture zones , many bearing names , that are a major source of submarine earthquakes .


Input: how many keys are on the standard keyboard

Computer keyboard

Standard alphanumeric keyboards have keys that are on three - quarter inch centers ( 0.750 inches , 19.05 mm ) , and have a key travel of at least 0.150 inches ( 3.81 mm ) . Desktop computer keyboards , such as the 101 - key US traditional keyboards or the 104 - key Windows keyboards , include alphabetic characters , punctuation symbols , numbers and a variety of function keys . The internationally common 102 / 104 key keyboards have a smaller left shift key and an additional key with some more symbols between that and the letter to its right ( usually Z or Y ) . Also the enter key is usually shaped differently . Computer keyboards are similar to electric - typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys , such as the command or Windows keys . There is no standard computer keyboard , although many manufacturers imitate the keyboard of PCs . There are actually three different PC keyboards : the original PC keyboard with 84 keys , the AT keyboard also with 84 keys and the enhanced keyboard with 101 keys . The three differ somewhat in the placement of function keys , the control keys , the return key , and the shift key .

Answer: There are actually three different PC keyboards: the original PC keyboard with 84 keys, the AT keyboard also with 84 keys and the enhanced keyboard with 101 keys. Internationally common keyboards have 102/104 keys.

The internationally common 102 / 104 key keyboards have a smaller left shift key and an additional key with some more symbols between that and the letter to its right ( usually Z or Y ) .

There are actually three different PC keyboards : the original PC keyboard with 84 keys , the AT keyboard also with 84 keys and the enhanced keyboard with 101 keys .


Input: how does 20000 leagues under the sea end

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea

Throughout the story Captain Nemo is suggested to have exiled himself from the world after an encounter with the forces that occupied his country that had devastating effects on his family . Not long after the incident of the poulpes , Nemo suddenly changes his behavior toward Aronnax , avoiding him . Aronnax no longer feels the same and begins to sympathize with Ned Land . Near the end of the book , the Nautilus is attacked by a warship of some nation that had made Nemo suffer . Filled with hatred and revenge , Nemo ignores Aronnax 's pleas for mercy . Nemo -- nicknamed `` angel of hatred '' by Aronnax -- destroys the ship , ramming it just below the waterline , and consequently sinking it into the bottom of the sea , much to Aronnax 's horror , as he watches the ship plunge into the abyss . Nemo bows before the pictures of his wife and children and is plunged into deep depression after this encounter . For several days after this , the protagonists ' situation changes . No one seems to be on board any longer and the Nautilus moves about randomly . Ned Land is even more depressed , Conseil fears for Ned 's life , and Aronnax , horrified at what Nemo had done to the ship , can no longer stand the situation either . One evening , Ned Land announces an opportunity to escape . Although Aronnax wants to leave Nemo , whom he now holds in horror , he still wishes to see him for the last time . But he knows that Nemo would never let him escape , so he has to avoid meeting him . Before the escape , however , he sees him one last time ( although secretly ) , and hears him say `` Almighty God ! Enough ! Enough ! '' . Aronnax immediately goes to his companions and they are ready to escape . But while they loosen the dinghy , they discover that the Nautilus has wandered into the Moskenstraumen , more commonly known as the `` Maelstrom '' . They manage to escape and find refuge on a nearby island off the coast of Norway , but the fate of the Nautilus is unknown .

Answer: Throughout the story Captain Nemo is suggested to have exiled himself from the world. Aronnax goes to his companions and they manage to escape and find refuge on a nearby island off the coast of Norway, but the fate of the Nautilus is unknown.

Throughout the story Captain Nemo is suggested to have exiled himself from the world after an encounter with the forces that occupied his country that had devastating effects on his family .

Aronnax immediately goes to his companions and they are ready to escape .

They manage to escape and find refuge on a nearby island off the coast of Norway , but the fate of the Nautilus is unknown .


Input: where is the philippines located in the globe

Philippines

The Philippines ( / ˈfɪlɪpiːnz / ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas ( ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ) or Filipinas ( ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ) ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south .

Answer: The Philippines is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia, and it is situated in the western Pacific Ocean . It is bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest.

The Philippines ( / ˈfɪlɪpiːnz / ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas ( ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ) or Filipinas ( ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ) ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia .

Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south :

Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south .

Answer: The Philippines is in Southeast Asia. It is situated in the western Pacific Ocean and bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest.

The Philippines ( / ˈfɪlɪpiːnz / ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas ( ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ) or Filipinas ( ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ) ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia .

Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south :

Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south .


Input: what did the founders mean by separation of church and state

Separation of church and state in the United States

Jefferson and James Madison 's conceptions of separation have long been debated . Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency , though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia . Madison issued four religious proclamations while President , but vetoed two bills on the grounds they violated the first amendment . On the other hand , both Jefferson and Madison attended religious services at the Capitol . Years before the ratification of the Constitution , Madison contended `` Because if Religion be exempt from the authority of the Society at large , still less can it be subject to that of the Legislative Body . '' After retiring from the presidency , Madison wrote of `` total separation of the church from the state . '' `` `` Strongly guarded as is the separation between Religion & Govt in the Constitution of the United States , '' Madison wrote , and he declared , `` practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both , and as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States . '' In a letter to Edward Livingston Madison further expanded , `` We are teaching the world the great truth that Govts . do better without Kings & Nobles than with them . The merit will be doubled by the other lesson that Religion flourishes in greater purity , without than with the aid of Govt . '' Madison 's original draft of the Bill of Rights had included provisions binding the States , as well as the Federal Government , from an establishment of religion , but the House did not pass them .

Answer: Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of separation have long been debated. Madison wrote, and he declared, ``practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both".

Jefferson and James Madison 's conceptions of separation have long been debated .

`` `` Strongly guarded as is the separation between Religion & Govt in the Constitution of the United States , '' Madison wrote , and he declared , `` practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both , and as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States . ''


Input: where can helium be found in the world

Helium

Most helium on Earth is a result of radioactive decay . Helium is found in large amounts in minerals of uranium and thorium , including cleveite , pitchblende , carnotite and monazite , because they emit alpha particles ( helium nuclei , He ) to which electrons immediately combine as soon as the particle is stopped by the rock . In this way an estimated 3000 metric tons of helium are generated per year throughout the lithosphere . In the Earth 's crust , the concentration of helium is 8 parts per billion . In seawater , the concentration is only 4 parts per trillion . There are also small amounts in mineral springs , volcanic gas , and meteoric iron . Because helium is trapped in the subsurface under conditions that also trap natural gas , the greatest natural concentrations of helium on the planet are found in natural gas , from which most commercial helium is extracted . The concentration varies in a broad range from a few ppm to more than 7 % in a small gas field in San Juan County , New Mexico .

Answer: Helium is found in large amounts in minerals of uranium and thorium , including cleveite , pitchblende , carnotite and monazite , because they emit alpha particles ( helium nuclei , He ) to which electrons immediately combine as soon as the particle is stopped by the rock . In the Earth 's crust , the concentration of helium is 8 parts per billion . In seawater , the concentration is only 4 parts per trillion .There are also small amounts in mineral springs , volcanic gas , and meteoric iron .Because helium is trapped in the subsurface under conditions that also trap natural gas , the greatest natural concentrations of helium on the planet are found in natural gas , from which most commercial helium is extracted . The concentration varies in a broad range from a few ppm to more than 7 % in a small gas field in San Juan County , New Mexico .

Helium is found in large amounts in minerals of uranium and thorium , including cleveite , pitchblende , carnotite and monazite , because they emit alpha particles ( helium nuclei , He ) to which electrons immediately combine as soon as the particle is stopped by the rock .

In the Earth 's crust , the concentration of helium is 8 parts per billion .

In seawater , the concentration is only 4 parts per trillion .

There are also small amounts in mineral springs , volcanic gas , and meteoric iron .

Because helium is trapped in the subsurface under conditions that also trap natural gas , the greatest natural concentrations of helium on the planet are found in natural gas , from which most commercial helium is extracted .

The concentration varies in a broad range from a few ppm to more than 7 % in a small gas field in San Juan County , New Mexico .


Input: who was on the original to tell the truth

To Tell the Truth

Bud Collyer was the show 's host ( Mike Wallace hosted the pilot ) ; recurring panelists by the 1960s included Tom Poston , Peggy Cass , Orson Bean , and Kitty Carlisle . ( Cass and Carlisle stayed on as panelists for most subsequent editions . ) Earlier regular panelists had included Johnny Carson , Polly Bergen , Jayne Meadows , Don Ameche , Hy Gardner , Dick Van Dyke , Faye Emerson , Hildy Parks , John Cameron Swayze , Betty White , and Ralph Bellamy . Bern Bennett , Collyer 's announcer on Beat the Clock , was the inaugural announcer of To Tell the Truth in the 1950s . Upon Bennett 's transfer to CBS 's Los Angeles studios , Johnny Olson , who in time became the best - known of all Goodson -- Todman Productions announcers , joined the show in 1960 and remained through the end of its CBS runs .

Answer: Bud Collyer was the show's host (Mike Wallace hosted the pilot); recurring panelists by the 1960s included Tom Poston, Peggy Cass, Orson Bean and Kitty Carlisle. Earlier regular panelists had included Johnny Carson, Polly Bergen, Jayne Meadows, Don Ameche, Hy Gardner, Dick Van Dyke, Faye Emerson, Hildy Parks, John Cameron Swayze, Betty White and Ralph Bellamy.

Bud Collyer was the show 's host ( Mike Wallace hosted the pilot ) ; recurring panelists by the 1960s included Tom Poston , Peggy Cass , Orson Bean , and Kitty Carlisle .

Earlier regular panelists had included Johnny Carson , Polly Bergen , Jayne Meadows , Don Ameche , Hy Gardner , Dick Van Dyke , Faye Emerson , Hildy Parks , John Cameron Swayze , Betty White , and Ralph Bellamy .


Input: the un proposed dividing palestine in 1947 in order to

United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine

The primary objectives of the majority of the Committee were political division and economic unity between the two groups . The Plan tried its best to accommodate as many Jews as possible into the Jewish State . In many specific cases , this meant including areas of Arab majority ( but with a significant Jewish minority ) in the Jewish state . Thus the Jewish State would have an overall large Arab minority . Areas that were sparsely populated ( like the Negev desert ) , were also included in the Jewish state to create room for immigration . According to the plan , Jews and Arabs living in the Jewish state would become citizens of the Jewish state and Jews and Arabs living in the Arab state would become citizens of the Arab state .

Answer: The primary objectives of the majority of the Committee were political division and economic unity between the two groups. According to the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, Jews and Arabs living in the Jewish state would become citizens of the Jewish state and Jews and Arabs living in the Arab state would become citizens of the Arab state .

The primary objectives of the majority of the Committee were political division and economic unity between the two groups .

According to the plan , Jews and Arabs living in the Jewish state would become citizens of the Jewish state and Jews and Arabs living in the Arab state would become citizens of the Arab state .


Input: what does the cell wall do in bacteria

Bacterial cell structure

The cell envelope is composed of the plasma membrane and cell wall . As in other organisms , the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell . In prokaryotes , the primary function of the cell wall is to protect the cell from internal turgor pressure caused by the much higher concentrations of proteins and other molecules inside the cell compared to its external environment . The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane . Peptidoglycan is made up of a polysaccharide backbone consisting of alternating N - Acetylmuramic acid ( NAM ) and N - acetylglucosamine ( NAG ) residues in equal amounts . Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and for the determination of cell shape . It is relatively porous and is not considered to be a permeability barrier for small substrates . While all bacterial cell walls ( with a few exceptions e.g. extracellular parasites such as Mycoplasma ) contain peptidoglycan , not all cell walls have the same overall structures . Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival , but is absent in some eukaryotes , several antibiotics ( notably the penicillins and cephalosporins ) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis , while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall only a cell membrane . There are two main types of bacterial cell walls , those of gram - positive bacteria and those of gram - negative bacteria , which are differentiated by their Gram staining characteristics . For both these types of bacteria , particles of approximately 2 nm can pass through the peptidoglycan . If the bacterial cell wall is entirely removed , it is called a protoplast while if it 's partially removed , it is called a spheroplast . β - Lactam antibiotics such as penicillin inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall . The enzyme lysozyme , found in human tears , also digests the cell wall of bacteria and is the body 's main defense against eye infections .

Answer: As in other organisms, the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell. Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival, several antibiotics (notably the penicillins and cephalosporins) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis, while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall only a cell membrane.

As in other organisms , the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell .

Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival , but is absent in some eukaryotes , several antibiotics ( notably the penicillins and cephalosporins ) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis , while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall only a cell membrane .


Input: who discovered the working of stomach and how

William Beaumont

By August 1825 , Beaumont had been relocated to Fort Niagara in New York , and Alexis St. Martin had come with him . Beaumont recognized that he had in St. Martin an unusual opportunity to observe digestive processes . Dr. Beaumont began to perform experiments on digestion using the stomach of St. Martin . Most of the experiments were conducted by tying a piece of food to a string and inserting it through the hole into St. Martin 's stomach . Every few hours , Beaumont would remove the food and observe how well it had been digested . Beaumont also extracted a sample of gastric acid from St. Martin 's stomach for analysis . In September , Alexis St. Martin ran away from Dr. Beaumont and moved to Canada , leaving Beaumont to concentrate on his duties as an army surgeon but Dr. Beaumont had him caught to continue to exhibit him . Beaumont also used samples of stomach acid taken out of St. Martin to `` digest '' bits of food in cups . This led to the important discovery that the stomach acid , and not solely the mashing , pounding and squeezing of the stomach , digests the food into nutrients the stomach can use ; in other words , digestion was primarily a chemical process and not a mechanical one .

Answer: Dr. Beaumont began to perform experiments on digestion using the stomach of St. Martin . Most of the experiments were conducted by tying a piece of food to a string and inserting it through the hole into St. Martin 's stomach . Every few hours , Beaumont would remove the food and observe how well it had been digested . Beaumont also extracted a sample of gastric acid from St. Martin 's stomach for analysis .Beaumont also used samples of stomach acid taken out of St. Martin to `` digest '' bits of food in cups . This led to the important discovery that the stomach acid , and not solely the mashing , pounding and squeezing of the stomach , digests the food into nutrients the stomach can use ; in other words , digestion was primarily a chemical process and not a mechanical one .

Dr. Beaumont began to perform experiments on digestion using the stomach of St. Martin .

Most of the experiments were conducted by tying a piece of food to a string and inserting it through the hole into St. Martin 's stomach .

Every few hours , Beaumont would remove the food and observe how well it had been digested .

Beaumont also extracted a sample of gastric acid from St. Martin 's stomach for analysis .

Beaumont also used samples of stomach acid taken out of St. Martin to `` digest '' bits of food in cups .

This led to the important discovery that the stomach acid , and not solely the mashing , pounding and squeezing of the stomach , digests the food into nutrients the stomach can use ; in other words , digestion was primarily a chemical process and not a mechanical one .


Input: how do they figure out who goes to super bowl

Super Bowl

The game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) . It was agreed that the two leagues ' champion teams would play in the AFL -- NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970 . After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion . Currently , the National Football Conference ( NFC ) leads the league with 27 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference ( AFC ) . The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl championship titles , with six . The New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances , with ten . Charles Haley and Tom Brady both have five Super Bowl rings , which is the record for the most rings won by a single player .

Answer: Super Bowl was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) . After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion .

The game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) .

After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion .

Answer: After the merger between the NFL and the AFL, each league was redesignated as a `` conference '', and the Super Bowl has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL's league champion.

The game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) .

After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion .


Input: where does the last name peña originate from

Peña (surname)

Peña or de la Peña is a Spanish habitation surname . The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages . The earliest public record of the surname dates to the 13th century in the Valley de Mena ( Burgos ) in the Kingdom of Castile . The origin of the last name is in present - day Galicia , Spain . The Peñas lived , originally , near a cliff or rocky land . Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''

Answer:
The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages.
Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''

The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages .

Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''

Answer: The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages. Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning "rock," "crag" or "cliff "

The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages .

Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''


Input: what is the average percentage of wins in solitaire

Klondike (solitaire)

For a standard game of Klondike , drawing three cards at a time and placing no limit on the number of re-deals , the number of possible hands is over 7067800000000000000 ♠ 8 × 10 , or an 8 followed by 67 zeros . About 79 % of the games are theoretically winnable , but in practice , human players do not win 79 % of games played , due to wrong moves that cause the game to become unwinnable . If one allows cards from the foundation to be moved back to the tableau , then between 82 % and 91.5 % are theoretically winnable . Note that these results depend on complete knowledge of the positions of all 52 cards , which a player does not possess . Another recent study has found the Draw 3 , Re-Deal Infinite to have a 83.6 % win rate after 1000 random games were solved by a computer solver . The issue is that a wrong move can not be known in advance whenever more than one move is possible . The number of games a skilled player can probabilistically expect to win is at least 43 % . In addition , some games are `` unplayable '' in which no cards can be moved to the foundations even at the start of the game ; these occur in only 0.25 % ( 1 in 400 ) of hands dealt .

Answer: In Klondike (solitaire), about 79 % of the games are theoretically winnable , but in practice , human players do not win 79 % of games played , due to wrong moves that cause the game to become unwinnable . If one allows cards from the foundation to be moved back to the tableau , then between 82 % and 91.5 % are theoretically winnable . Another recent study has found the Draw 3 , Re-Deal Infinite to have a 83.6 % win rate after 1000 random games were solved by a computer solver .  The number of games a skilled player can probabilistically expect to win is at least 43 % .

About 79 % of the games are theoretically winnable , but in practice , human players do not win 79 % of games played , due to wrong moves that cause the game to become unwinnable .

If one allows cards from the foundation to be moved back to the tableau , then between 82 % and 91.5 % are theoretically winnable .

Another recent study has found the Draw 3 , Re-Deal Infinite to have a 83.6 % win rate after 1000 random games were solved by a computer solver .

The number of games a skilled player can probabilistically expect to win is at least 43 % .


Input: why was salvarsan considered to be a magic bullet for the treatment of syphilis

Magic bullet (medicine)

In 1906 Ehrlich developed a new derivative of arsenic compound , which he code - named Compound 606 ( the number representing the series of all his tested compounds ) . The compound was effective against malaria infection in experimental animals . In 1905 , Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffmann identified a spirochaete bacterium ( Treponema pallidum ) as the causative organism of syphilis . With this new knowledge , Ehrlich tested Compound 606 ( chemically arsphenamine ) on a syphilis - infected rabbit . He did not recognise its effectiveness . Sahachiro Hata went over Ehrlich 's work and found on 31 August 1909 he found that the rabbit , which had been injected with Salvarsan 606 was cured using only a single dose , the rabbit showed no adverse effect . ( The normal treatment procedure of syphilis at the time involved two to four years routine injection with mercury . ) Ehrlich , after receiving this information , performed experiments on human patients with the same success . After convincing clinical trials , the compound number 606 was given a trade name `` Salvarsan '' , a portmanteau for `` saving arsenic '' . Salvarsan was commercially introduced in 1910 , and in 1913 , a less toxic form `` Neosalvarsan '' ( Compound 914 ) was released in the market . These drugs became the principal treatments of syphilis until the arrival of penicillin and other novel antibiotics towards the middle of the 20th century . Ehrlich 's research on the magic bullet was the foundation of pharmaceutical research .

Answer: Sahachiro Hata went over Ehrlich 's work and found on 31 August 1909 that the rabbit, which had been injected with Salvarsan 606 was cured using only a single dose and showed no adverse effect. Ehrlich, after receiving this information, performed experiments on human patients with the same success.

Sahachiro Hata went over Ehrlich 's work and found on 31 August 1909 he found that the rabbit , which had been injected with Salvarsan 606 was cured using only a single dose , the rabbit showed no adverse effect .

Ehrlich , after receiving this information , performed experiments on human patients with the same success .


Input: in what order do you watch the underworld movies

Underworld (film series)

Underworld is a series of action horror films directed by Len Wiseman , Patrick Tatopoulos , Måns Mårlind , Björn Stein , and Anna Foerster . The first film , Underworld , was released in 2003 . It tells the story of Selene ( Kate Beckinsale ) , a vampire who works as a Death Dealer , killing the lycans who allegedly slaughtered her family . The second film , Underworld : Evolution , was released in 2006 . In this film , Selene takes Michael Corvin , a lycan / vampire hybrid , to a vampire safehouse and plans to return to Viktor 's estate to awaken another elder Markus , whom they discover is the first Vampire and a powerful enemy . The third film , Underworld : Rise of the Lycans , is the prequel to the series , chronicling the origins of the vampire - lycan war ( it was released on January 23 , 2009 ) . The fourth film , Underworld : Awakening , is the sequel to Underworld : Evolution and was released on January 20 , 2012 . In this film , humans have discovered the existence of the vampire and lycan clans , and are trying to eradicate both species . A fifth film titled Underworld : Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24 , 2016 , and in the United States on January 6 , 2017 .

Answer:
The first film, Underworld, was released in 2003.
The second film, Underworld: Evolution  was released in 2006.
 The third film, Underworld : Rise of the Lycans, is the prequel to the series, chronicling the origins of the vampire-lycan war (it was released on January 23, 2009).
The fourth film, Underworld : Awakening, is the sequel to Underworld : Evolution and was released on January 20, 2012.
A fifth film titled Underworld : Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24, 2016, and in the United States on January 6, 2017.

The first film , Underworld , was released in 2003 .

The second film , Underworld : Evolution , was released in 2006 .

The third film , Underworld : Rise of the Lycans , is the prequel to the series , chronicling the origins of the vampire - lycan war ( it was released on January 23 , 2009 ) .

The fourth film , Underworld : Awakening , is the sequel to Underworld : Evolution and was released on January 20 , 2012 .

A fifth film titled Underworld : Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24 , 2016 , and in the United States on January 6 , 2017 .


Input: where was the love story music video filmed

Love Story (Taylor Swift song)

A castle was chosen for the video 's setting . Personnel researched numerous castles in the United States and were unable to locate one in sufficient condition for filming . They had considered traveling to Europe to find a castle , but were then informed about a castle south of Nashville , Tennessee . Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting . Wardrobe for the video was supplied by Jacquard Fabrics , excluding Swift 's dress for the balcony scene . The dress was designed by Sandi Spika with inspiration and suggestions from Swift . `` She loves to put her input in her dresses '' , stated Spika . The two had discussed the dress two months prior to the filming of the video . Accentuates were made on the video set . The video was filmed in two days in August 2008 in Tennessee . On the first day , the balcony and field scenes were shot . On the set , someone had replaced the playback CD with a high - pitch , altered version of the song . As a result , Swift lent the crew her iPod to play the original track . While filming another scene , sunset was about to occur and , therefore , the process was executed rather rapidly . For the scene , Fanjoy suggested a kiss between Swift and Gaston , but Swift refused to because she believed it would make for a sweeter moment . On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed . Swift learned the choreography for the latter in fifteen minutes prior to filming . Approximately 20 dancers were used for the scene .

Answer: Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting . On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed .

Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting .

The video was filmed in two days in August 2008 in Tennessee .

On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed .

Answer: The video of the song Love Story was filmed in both Castle Gwynn and Cumberland University in Tennessee.

Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting .

The video was filmed in two days in August 2008 in Tennessee .

On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed .


Input: briefly describe two ideas about evolution that were proposed in the 18th century

History of evolutionary thought

In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory , explained in detail in Darwin 's On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ) . Unlike Lamarck , Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life , meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor . Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection : it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry , biogeography , geology , morphology , and embryology . Debate over Darwin 's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution , but the specific mechanism he proposed , natural selection , was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s . Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution . Alternatives to natural selection suggested during `` the eclipse of Darwinism '' ( c. 1880 to 1920 ) included inheritance of acquired characteristics ( neo-Lamarckism ) , an innate drive for change ( orthogenesis ) , and sudden large mutations ( saltationism ) . Mendelian genetics , a series of 19th - century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900 , was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher , J.B.S. Haldane , and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s , and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics . During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields , resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology -- the modern synthesis .

Answer:
Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor.
 Alternatives to natural selection suggested during `` the eclipse of Darwinism '' (c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism .

Unlike Lamarck , Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life , meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor .

Alternatives to natural selection suggested during `` the eclipse of Darwinism '' ( c. 1880 to 1920 ) included inheritance of acquired characteristics ( neo-Lamarckism ) , an innate drive for change ( orthogenesis ) , and sudden large mutations ( saltationism ) .


Input: when did the fall of the roman empire begin

Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Relevant dates include 117 CE , when the Empire was at its greatest territorial extent , and the accession of Diocletian in 284 . Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others . In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons . Further barbarians crossed the Rhine and other frontiers , and like the Goths were never killed , expelled or subjected . The armed forces of the Western Empire became few and ineffective , and despite brief recoveries under able leaders , central rule was never effectively consolidated . By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman . Barbarians had established their own power in most of the area of the Western Empire . While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today , the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again . The Eastern Empire survived , and though lessened in strength remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean .

Answer: Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others .In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons .By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman .

Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others .

In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons .

By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman .

Answer: The Empire faced a major territorial loss in 376 and in 395, after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons. By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains.

Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others .

In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons .

By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman .


Input: where did the term tar heels come from

Tar Heel

The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history . For a time after the American Civil War , the name Tar Heel was derogatory , but it was later reappropriated by the people of North Carolina . Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it . One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' . The term `` Tar Heel '' gained popularity during the Civil War .

Answer: The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown, but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar, pitch and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina's most important exports early in the state's history. It was a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War, because of the state's importance on the Confederate side, and the fact that the troops ``stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels''.

The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history .

One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' .

Answer:
The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports.
A number of legends have developed to explain the nickname. One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' .

The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history .

Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it .

One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' .